Document peEL6n9EkwJX53Ja7avkR82zE

Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning Guide 1956 Conductor, 3 Conduits for piping, 675 Connections boiler, 406. 520 heating units, 532 Control, controls airborne infection, 132 aircraft temperature, 1097 automatic, 895 automobile temperature, 1096 biochemical reactions, 1029* central fan systems, 686 chemical reactions, 1027 contaminant by exhaust,' 1041 corrosion, 995 crystallisation, 1029 dehydrating equipment, 804 dew-point, 1030 effect of hot environment, 1033 high temperature water sys tem, 558 ice bunker water, 865 laboratory conditions, 1030 motor, 923 panel heating, 911 passenger bus temperature, 1095 passenger car temperature, 1092 humidity, 1092 refrigeration, 874, 876 service water temperature, 1123 ship air conditioning, 1102 slime. 993 sound, 941 statio electricity, 1030 street car and coach tempera ture, 1093 temperature for machining, 1030 vibration, 959 Control, automatic,.695 action types, 896 air washers, 915 applications, 904 auxiliary equipment, 903 central fan systems, 912 components of systems, 898 controlled devices, 902 controllers, 898 controlling elements, 899 cooling, 914 dehumidification, 914 design coordination, 917 electric, 896,900 electronic, 696, 900 equipment selection, 919 floating, 897 fuel burning equipment, 904 fundamentals, 895 gas burners, 907 hot water heating, 910 ' humiditv, 914 hydraulic, 896 indicating, 900 individual room, 912 measuring elements, 898 oil burners, 996 operating, 905 panel beating, 911 ' pneumatic, 896, 900 preheater coil, 913 primary, 908 proportional, 897 recording. 900 residential, 907 size of area , 918 space conditions, 915 ' static pressure. 902, 915 steam flow, 920 steam beating, 909 stokers, 606 system types, 896 typical system, 915 unit heaters, 916 unit ventilators, 917 valv,902 water now, 922 zone; 908 Control, automatic tinued) zone systems, 909 Controllers, 895 functions, 895 types, 895 {con Convection, 3, 89, 99 equation. 91 unit conductances, 93 Convector, convectors. 3, 561, 563 correction factor. 568,,569 heat emission, 564 heating effect, 567 induction, 692, 693 ratings, 566 Converging vanes, 716 Conversion ' burners, 385 equations, 15, 212 Coolers, 609, 619, 873 Cooling, 275, 603 air conditioning units, 609, 1132 atmospheric water, 803 coil selection, 836 evaporative, 697 W/275, 689 methods, 1129 performance of coils, 841, 843 ponds? 811 residential, 1129,1122 sensible, 697 make-up water, 827 . size of equipment, 813 winter freezing, 828 systems, 685, 1090, 1094 towers, 810 atmospheric, 813 design, 819, 820 mechanical, 815 operation, 827 performance, 622 selection, 825 units, 609 component parts, 610 oontrol, 615 definitions, 609 defrosting, 620 design, 610 performance, 609, 617 ratings, 616, 6ft) remote, 614 sound isolation, 613 types of, 619 water, 811, 818 water piping, 1U4- Copper elbow equivalents, 537 Copper tube dimensions, 626 Core area, 701,1156 Corrosion, 625,981 air ducts, 1000 atmospheric, 989, 999 boilers, 992 cathodic protection, 1001 ooa) storage equipment, 999 cold water,'982 condensates, 983, 984, 997, 998 flue gas, 364 flues, 999 heating systems, 991 hot water, 983 industrial exhaust systems, 1056 ymnimiilng condensate, 997 pipe, 993, 1000 prevention, 985, 1058 refrigerating systems, 986 underwater, 993 Cost of air condltiohlng.1005, 1134 amortization, 1005 condenser water, 1013 first, 1005 fixed charges, 1005 Y1V Cost of air conditioning {con tinued) heating, 1014 interest, 1008 installed, 1006 insurance, 1009 labor, 1010 .maintenance, 1009 , owning and operating, 1011 rent. 1009 service, 1009 taxes, 1008 refrigeration equipment, 1011 water, 1011 Crack length method, 229 used for computations, 267 Crystallization control rate of, 1029 Cylinder dryer, 1082 D Dalton's rale, 28 Damper, dampers, 340, 477, 685, 701,719, 725, 775,912 Darcy formula, 69 Decibel, 941 Definitions, 1 Defrosting, 621 Degree-day. 3, 449 for cities, 451, 460 formula lor, method, 450 industrial, 460,461 operating unit, 459 , unjt fuel consumption, 456 Degree of saturation, 8,25,31 Dehumidification,687,807,885 1 air conditioning Units, -613 air washers, 807 coil selection, 829, 839 comparison of methods, 885 control, 889 definitions and methods, 885 equipment, 807, 885, 888 performance, 888 estimating loads, 892 liquid methods, 890, 891 moisture load, 892 ships, 1102 solid methods, 887,888 vapor transfer, 893 Dehumidifying agents, 885 absorbents, 885 adsorbents, 885 Density of air, 1 Design conditions summer, 276, 279 winter, 251-258 Dew point apparatus temperature, 276, 320 fiue gas, 364, 999 temperature, 9, 26, 1159 DichlorodiSuoromethane, 849* 851, 878, 879 Dielectric heating, 977 Diffusivity, thermal, 3 Direct expansion coils, 832 fired unit heater, 595 indirect heating unit, 3 radiator, 7 return system, 3; 542 Disc fan, 763 Distribution of air (tee Air Distribution), 463, 475, 701, 1060,1098 District heating, 671 condensate return,.677 meters, 653 operation, 681 pipe insulation, 677 'piping, 667, 679 conduits for, 668 inside, 679 ' sizes, 675 tunnels, 678 S * Index to Technical Data Section District heating (continued) steam requirement, 671 zoning, 681 Diverging vanes, 716 Domestic oil burners, 375 * Door, doors coefficients of transmission. 200 leakage. 229. .231, natural ventilation, 240 Dows-feed one-pipe riser, 3, 6, 495 Draft, drafts. 4, 421 available, 424, 429 calculations, 421 chimney, 421 control, 340 factors, 422 forced, 421 general equation, 421 head, 4 industrial chimneys, 423 natural, 233, 421 regulation, 339 residential chimneys, 428 requirements, 339, 422, 436 applisncea, 436 theoretical, 421 Drawing symbols, 17 Drip, drips, 4, 494,629 Drum dryer, 1082 Dry air, 1 composition, 25,356 filters, 785 properties of, 30 velocity, bead, 742 Dry-bulb temperature, 9 Dry cooling coils, 829, 842 Dry return, 8, 493 Dryer, dryers, 1080 cabinet, 1076, 1082 calculations, 1076' oompartment, 1082 cylinder. 1082 drum, 1082 rotary, 1082 spray, 1083 tunnel, 1082 Drying. 1027, 1061 application of hygroraetry, 1076 calculations, 1076 chart, 1067,1075.1077 conduction, 1081 oonstant rate period, 1065, 1067 oonvection, 1081 critical moisture, 1072 effect of air velocity, 1066 equations, 1070 equilibrium moisture, 1073 equipment, 1080 example, 1084 external conditions, 1063 factors influencing, 1062 falling rate period, 1089 internal conditions, 1063 mechanism of, 1062 methods, 1080 conduction, 1081 convection, 1081 radiant, 1060' periods, 1064 problem, 1084 radiant, 1080 surface temperature, 1066 systems, 1061 terminology, 1061 Duct, ducts. 465-467, 477, 723 air velocities in, 476, 747, 1044, 1052 approaches to outlets, 723 area change, 744 attenuation, 949, 953 Duct, ducts {continued) circular equivalents, 737 construction details, 755, 1053 design, 465. 478, 747, 7*8, 1048' design methods, 748 equal friction, 748 static regain, 751 velocity reduction, 748 .dual duct, 695 dynamic losses. 740 elbow friction losses, 742 exhaust design, 1048 friction losses. 733 heat loss coefficients, 759, 760 lining, 952 measurement of velocities, 1152 noise transmitted, 944 pressure changes, 731 pressure loss, 731, 733. recirculating, 465, 467, 471* 726 rectangular equivalents of round, 439, 737 resistance, 731 roughness correction, 736 sizing, 731, 746 sound absorbers, 950 symbols for drawing, 17 system design, 465, 469, 473, 731, 746 weight, 758, 759 Duct sizing, 731, 746, 1048 equal friction method, 750 general rules, 466.478,748 static regain method, 751 velocity method, 748 Dust. 4, 151 combustible, 161 concentrations, 155 determination, 154 filters, 781, 790, 796 precipitators, 785, 798 removal, 761 size, 153 Dust collectors, 781, 792 application, 781, 790, 794 centrifugal, 795 cyclone, 796 cloth, 796 degree of dust removal, 793 electrostatic, 798 fabric, 796, 798 factors affecting selection, 793 inertial separators, 795 settling chambers, 796 scrubbers, 795, 797 testing methods, 785 types, 794 wet, 795 centrifugal, 797 packed tower, 797 spray towers, 797 washers, 797 wet filters, 797 Dynamic head, 5, 740 losses, 740 E EDR (Equivalent direct radia tion), 7, 396, 504, 508, 510, 512, 551 defined. 7, 404, 563 Effective temperature, 9,122 chart, 122, 128 index, 122 Efficiency boiler, 402 .conversion burner furnace, 414 seasonal, 446 Ejector nozsles, 719 Elbow attenuation, 949 oopper equivalents, 537 friction losses, 537, 742, 743 iron equivalents, 537. 557, 1112 sheet metal, equivalent, 740 XV Electric, electrical baseboard, 967 oonvector, 967 demand control, 978 dielectric heating, 977 heat applications, 964 besting, 963 calculating capacities, 975 central, 970, 971 . control, 978 domestic water, 974 equipment, 965 heat pump, 971 induction, 977 power problems, 977 resistors. 8,953 systems. 966 units, 9o4 hot water heating, 970 induction heating, 977 installation methods, 964 motor design limits, 924 panel beating, 575,968,969,970 precipitators, 785, 798 radiant convector, 967 radiant heating, 574, 967 ` resistors, 963, 968 steam radiator. 968 systems, 929, 965 voltage ratings, 924 Electricity, static,139, 1030 Emissivity, 95,170 Enclosed radiator, 561 Enthalpy. 4, 24,30, 61 free, 4 specific, 4, 30 Entropy, 4, 30,51 mixing, 51 Equivalent evaporation, 4 EatimsUng fuel consumption, 445 . Eupatheoscope, 1162 Evaporative oondensers, 872 cooled, unit conditioners, 609 oooling, 697 Evaporators, 873 Excess air. 340,354,358,387 Exhaust opening, 726,1042, 1052 measurement of velocities, 1052, 1156 Exhaust systems, 1041 sir flow equipment, 1054 axial velocity formula, 1042 capture velocities, 1042 . construction, 1053 conveying velocity, 1052 oorrosion, 1056 duct construction, 1053 duct design, 1048, .1053 duct resistance, 1051 duct system design, 1048 duct velocity, 1044 ducts for, 1048 air velocities in, 1044-1048 construction, 1053 design. 1053 resistance, 1048 dust filters, 1055 elements, 1041 equipment, 1055 exhaust requirements, 1048 general requirements, 1041 hoods. 1041 air now, 1043 air velocity, 1042 axial velocity formula for, 1042 canopy, 1044-1047 capture velocities, 1042 chemical laboratories, 1045 design principles, 1041 kitchen, 1045 special exhaust require ments, 1043 spray booths, 1047 suction, 1055