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Corporate Office O'Hare Corporate Center 1300 Higgins Road Suite 301 Park Ridge, tl 60068-3772 347 692-1700 FAX 34" 692-3127 Regional Office Chicago FIBER RELEASE STUDY MARITIME FITTINGS POWER WIRE BRUSH December 12. 1996 BA! Project #t416A-4602 LU TABLE OF CONTENTS vj (J) Ol W (n Ol f c U W U U M M M W M AfiE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................... Objectives .......................................................... '........................................................ " Background ................................................................................................................. ' Sample Results ........................................................................................................... 1 1 1 1 METHODOLOGY........................................................ PCM Sampling Procedure........................... Personal Samples ........................................ Average Room Air Samples ...................... Background Air Samples for TEM Analysis Background Air Samples for PCM Analysis Light Microscopy Analysis............. .. ....... Electron Microscopy Analysis .................... Statistical Comparisons............................... Laboratory Accreditation ............................. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS .................................. Isolation Test Chamber............................... Background Sampling Results.................... Selection of Fittings...................................... Gasket Removal Test Method.................... Sampling Results During Test.................... CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................ 9 APPENDICES ' A - Compilation Spreadsheets and Graphs - TESTING RESULTS B Compilation Spreadsheets and Graphs - PRE-TEST BACKGROUND RESULTS C - PCM Laboratory Reports D - TEM Laboratory Reports ' E - Original Photographs FIBER RELEASE STUDY MARITIME FITTINGS POWER WIRE BRUSH EXECUTIVE-SUMMARY Objectives The, purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of fibers in the air while gasket material was removed from flange faces using a flat blade scraper and the. flange faces were prepared using a powered wire brush. BasKamuE' The study was performed using intact flanges from maritime fittings. The fittings and flanges had been in service many years and were obtained from three (3) decommissioned US war ships. The study was conducted in an isolation chamber to eliminate outside influences. The study was conducted at the rate of one (1) fitting per hour over an 8-hour period. The study was conducted on December 10, 1996 by Mr. Fred Boelter. This report presents the results of the study described herein. SampJaftesuits All samples measured concentrations of fibers in air well below the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USDOL-OSHA) 8-hour TimeWeighted Average (TWA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 0.1 fibers per cubic centimeter (f/cc). Sample results are presented in the accompanying tables. % A Fiber Release Study - Maritime Fittings/Power Wire Brush December 12. 1996 Page 2 Mempp.QLQg* PCM Sampling Procedure Samples were collected and analyzed following NIOSH Method 7400. Air was drawn through a 25mm, conductive cowt cassette with a 0.8 micron mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filter for collecting airborne particulate. The cassette was connected to a dedicated Gilian servo-drive pump. The pump was used to maintain a flow rate of two (2) liters per minute (Ipm) for both personal and area room air samples. A Brooks rotameter was used to calibrate the pumps prior to and post sample collection. The rotameter was calibrated against a primary standard. The samples were sealed, labeled and shipped to the laboratory tor analysis. Samples were signed by BEC, placed in a UPS shipping envelope, sealed, tracked by UPS, and arrived at the laboratory by next day air. , Personal Samples Personal samples were collected by attaching the cassette in the breathing zone of the individual performing the work for the duration of the test. The sampling pump was worn on the individual's belt. Average. Rpgm Air,Sample? The isolation chamber was subdivided into 3,600 one cubic foot (1ft3) modules. For purposes of identification, each module was assigned a discrete, consecutive number. To determine the average room air concentration, eight (8) of the modules were selected using a random number generator.- A sample cassette was located in the center of the respective module for the duration of the test. Background AirSamoles for TEM Analysis ' Prior to conducting the test the room was sampled to verify cleanliness. Five (5) samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) following AHERA Protocol. Just prior to collecting the samples, a "leaf blower" was utilized to aggressively disturb the isolation chamber's interior surfaces. Air was drawn through a 25mm, conductive cowl cassette with a 0.8 micron mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filter for collecting airborne fibers. The cassette was connected to a dedicated Gast high volume pump. The pump was used to maintain a flow rate of 10 liters per minute (Ipm). ... - -- A BGI rotameter was used to calibrate the pumps prior to and post sample collection. The rotameter was calibrated against a primary standard. Fiber Release Study - Maritime Fittings/Power Wire Brush Decembers, 1996 Page 3 The samples were sealed, labeled and shipped tb the laboratory for analysis. Samples were signed by BEC, placed In a UPS shipping envelope, sealed, tracked by UPS, and arrived at the laboratory by next day air. Background Air Samples for PCM Analysis Simultaneous with collecting the five (5) samples for analysis by AHERA Protocol, three (3) additional air samples were collected in accordance with NIOSH 7400 for PCM analysis "on*site" in the BEC office. The same analytical procedures were followed in the BEC office as were used in the laboratory. An Olympus Model CH-2phase contrast microscope was used for the BEC analyses. Light Microscopy Analysis ' Samples were analyzed in accordance with NIOSH Method 7400. Total fiber counts were determined by phase contrast microscopy (PCM) in accordance with the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, Fourth Edition, dated 8/15/94, A Rules. Values for PCM analysis are provided in the Appendix A and Appendix B spreadsheets. Only fibers longer than 5 microns which have a length to width ratio equal to or greater than 3:1 are counted. PCM analysis counts all fibers meeting the specified dimensions. The analysis is not specific for asbestos but is the method specified to be used in the OSHA regulations. The PCM laboratory reports are presented in Appendix C. Electron Microscopy Analysis AHERA Protocol transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was performed on all background samples to verify the cleanliness of the isolation chamber prior to beginning the test. The sample analysis was performed as described in the Federal Register Vol. 52, No. 210, the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA Protocol). Small squares were cut from each filter, processed appropriately, placed onto 200 mesh copper screens (grids) and transferred to a modified Jaffe Wick Washer containing acetone solvent. After the appropriate processing time, the grids were examined with a JEOL 1200EX or 100CX TEM. Grid openings from each sample were scanned at 20.000X. When fibers or structures of various shapes were encountered, they were assessed for morphological characteristics and crystalline structure with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The TEM laboratory reports are presented in Appendix D. Statistical Comparisons Data was formatted in spreadsheets for analysis. Statistical functions were performed including maximum, average, minimum, standard deviation, and variance. Fiber Release Study Maritime Fittings/Power Wire Brush December 12, 1996 Page 4 The spreadsheets in Appendices A and B present the data and summarize the statistical analyses performed. Laboratory Accreditation The samples were shipped to and analyzed by R. J. Lee Group, Inc. in their Monroeville, Pennsylvania laboratory. R. J. Lee is accredited forTEM analysis by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) as Lab #101208. R. J. Lee is also accredited for PCM analysis by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) as Lab #8204. Fiber Release Study - Maritime Fittings/Power Wire Brush December 12, 1996 Page 5 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS Isolation Test Chamber Testing was performed in the Boelter Environmental Consultants' (BEC's) Isolation Test Chamber. The. chamber is 20 feet wide by 20 feet deep and is 9 feet in height. The chamber was constructed of 6 mil polyethylene sheeting to physically separate the activity being tested from outside of the chamber influences. The chamber is shown in Figure 1. STAGING AREA l| ACCESS LOCK --- t (528 sq.1t.) ] 1 p v .1 , N 1 ' w" 1 ' "s` TESTING ROOM l_______________A_r (400sq.lt.) O* NORTH ----- SECONDARY BARRIER (12Ssq.1t.) " m The chamber was a static environment. FIGURE 1 BEC Isolation Test Chamber During the test, there was no air movement into the chamber and there was no air movement out of the chamber. During cleaning, the room was ventilated with HEPA filtered air. Entry into the chamber was only through an access airlock. Background Samplipa-Bfigultg Prior to conducting any tests, the isolation chamber was systematically cleaned. Following the cleaning, a series of background samples were analyzed from five (5) area sampling locations in accordance with AH ERA protocol. Background samples were collected under "aggressive" conditions with analysis by TEM in accordance with AHERA Protocol. Results of the Pre-Test Background sampling are shown in the following table: STATISTICAL FUNCTION Aggressive Air TEM (s/mm2) - Background MAXIMUM AVERAGE MINIMUM STAND. DEV VARIANCE COUNT 8A 84 84 0 0 5 The levels met the AHERA Clearance Criteria of an average of less than seventy structures per millimeter squared (<70 s/mm2) for the 5 samples and the room was considered clean. Results are shown in the spreadsheet presented in Appendix B. Selection of Fittings ' Six (6) fittings with a total of eight (8) flanges were selected for the power wire brush maritime fitting test. Fittings which were sefected for the test were `as shown in the following table: Fiber Release Study - Maritime Fittings/Power Wire Brush December 12, 1996 . , Page 6 HOUR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TABLE 1 FITTINGS SELECTED FITTING/FLANGE FLANGE GASKET NUMBER 61A DIAMETER (in.) DIAMETER (in.) 6 61/4 1/4 48C 7 7 6 648E 1/4 1/4 40B 7 1/8 71/8 55A 3 7/8 3 7/8 62A 12 1/4 12 1/4 6 657A 1/4 1/4 62C 12 1/4 12 1/4 All fittings were obtained from two (2) decommissioned US war ships.*1 All fittings had intact gaskets and flanges and were carefully cleaned prior to being used in the test.1 Gasket Removal Test Method A work bench and hoist was placed in the center of the test chamber. The six (6) fittings selected for the test (See Table I) were all placed in the isolation chamber. Personal and average room air samplers were started prior to beginning the testing. The samplers were stopped after completion of the testing. Testing started at about 8:00am and was concluded at about 5:00pm ("test cycle"). There was about a one hour break starting at about 12 noon. During the testing, no one left or entered the isolation chamber. Each hour during the test cycle, one of the eight fittings was positioned in the center of the room on the work bench ("cycle event"). A typical setup for an event cycle is shown in Photo 1. ' The three (3) decommissioned US war ships were the USS Davis, USS Ricketts or USS King. ' ' 1 The fittings were carefully blasted with glass beads to remove surface corrosion, rust, paint, insulation, etc. The gaskets were left intact. A light coat of clear lacquer was spray applied to the fitting after cleaning to prevent rusting. The edge of the flange was masked off during spraying to protect the gasket. If not removed, the surface corrosion, rust, paint, and insulation would have interfered with the analysis. 4* Fiber Release Study Maritime Fittings/Power Wire Brush December 12, 1996 Page 7 Each of the eight cycle events were essentially the same. During the hourly cycle event, similar procedures were followed as described in Table II: STEP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TABLE It - TYPICAL HOURLY CYCLE EVENT ACTIVITY Place fitting on work bench * Remove bolts holding flange together Using flat blade scraper to remove gasket matenaf Removed gasket Flange alter lacing with Hat blade scraper to remove bulk gasket matenal. Using a power wire brush, "face' both tlange surfaces Flanoe after lacina. PHOTO 1. 2 ,3 '4 5 6 7 Thumbnail photographs depicting the various steps described in Table II follow below. Full size photographs are presented in Appendix E. PHOTO 2 - Removing bolts. PHOTO 3 Removing gasket. PHOTO 4 Removing gasket. Fitting #55A is shown. Fitting *40B is shown. Fitting #62C is shown. PHOTO 5 - Fitting #48C is PHOTO 6 'Facing* the flange. PHOTO 7 Flange after facing. shown. Fitting #48E is shown. Fitting #57A is shown. Sampling Results During Test Results of 8-Hour Time-Weighted Average Permissible Exposure Limit sampling are: STATISTICAL FUNCTION MAXIMUM AVERAGE MINIMUM STAND DEV VARIANCE COUNT PCM Analysis by. NIOSH 7400 (Total l/ee) " Personal Sampiss- - Avsrags Room Air - 0.010 0.009 ' 0.008 0.001 0.000 2 0.014 0.011 0.008 0.002 0.000 e Fiber Release Study Maritime Fittings/Power Wire Brush Decembers. 1996 Page 8 All sample results show the concentrations to be well below the current OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit of 0.1 f/cc as sampled over an 8-hour time-weighted average period of time. Refer also to Figure 2 for a graphical presentation of the air sample results. 1*2 I-*-* 1*4 l-*4 liam Sample Number | [ Random Aroa Paraonal 8 hr-TWA - jGF Figure 2 - Graphical presentation of the air sample results. The Appendix A spreadsheets and charts present and depict the results of the testing in detail. Fiber Release Study Maritime Fittings/Power Wire Brush Decembers, 1996 Page 9 CONCLUSIONS Gaskets were removed and the flange faces of eight (8) fittings were processed at the rate of one (1) per hour. Eight (8) room air samples and two (2) personal samples were collected during the processing. ' All sample results show the airborne concentrations of fibers to be well below the current OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit of 0.1 f/cc as sampled over an 8-hour time-weighted average period of time. . Respectfully submitted, . R ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS Frederick W. Boelter, CIH, PE, DEE, QEP Reviewed by, x-i (JGary N. Crawford, CIH Enclosures F:\APPS\WP5\EXPERT.W\141 (XXXXU602\REPOPTSU41(4602 MPB * Compilation Spreadsheets and Graphs ' TESTING RESULTS zo o= 8o So 8o CD ooooo Is <NOWtfNf)r Nj TMf Nw fKr*NnOnr* RSSRRS* Sff Sa B5f IfSf f5f 5ff f5t- ?*T ?*<T ii _illiii!! <C/C> <K0 cctraKCccttafflco UaJ &ILI u *-nt tfj^NCoSoS>-C <<<<<<<<<<4< CD(&CDC6CD^>(&CDCDC0CD< : Qg O8 OOi 11111111I111 CDOOOOSOt&DCCDO aaaaaa.o.o.ac.Q.a s tf isg falls 2 52w> 5 C s 51 s? CL eo CL 3 ?i P e rs o n a l 8 hr-T W A# GARLOCK GASKET - "MARITIME Random Area I -3 0 GO a i V) 5 o^ i B- _ tf* 50 Jr o Q) -a M _ -J- 8 Sj i v. uS g 5c w o *s --> o J <b 3 __ z ?--o Il a i0 g0* <n*. n CO S 8* $c5 1fc 1a 535 g g-.o O 0. .j ^ & Jr 8 fi d * ^ *2j 'w S g| 59 S . =T ^ o j 00 3 "? O 0. J \ Ci i< P ll as OiOO N-CDtOTfCO.CM-rO OO O OO O lAIOd *9 (oo/i IB^oi) VAA8 APPENDIX. B Compilation Spreadsheets and Graphs PRE-TEST BACKGROUND RESULTS 00 CD ao CD aD (D (D (D (0 (0 &O E{o Z 5 vu>j _ _J (N eg; Si v.. 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O o o ^ o o o to CO .-CM (Vd3HV IAI31) 31^lu/s NE7 APPENDIX C PCM Laboratory Reports sO vO v SiiiiiiSSSSS /* oo o 8 ** * - S |2 P* '5-> ' fS ~0\ m*b ' n jr> ~--> ej 5} n 2 2 S - ^(,4*, S ----* - o 2 R---S S m ^ oo < v fn `* 8888888888 2 p ' w a-0a5 -- *4 -<N <S <S fM N ^ ^ g 5O0 O> O O8 OS'<l0 J CD 2 Os 2 ^ Ii SoOo.lift 04Voi oWoQg1 oio10aotft p- .p- r- r* r* p- p* t*; f SI o .-o od d d.-d II J Ea Z mP0* <pr0>* p0* dd d V-"" im- *._ K-- - <4<<<<<<<<44 aoooooaoooaoaoaoceoooooo Ea Z 0 *QJ ZZES5ZZS532SX C0oaocQ-aeooA<ooaNOooioocAoonoOo^ocrCovo^ooD'oeOofofraai^Coceo^QoQDoOmovaOdooSSao-Qos E sgssssssgsss 888888888888 S,<r wo --m OS -- : Ji =8 m 1> xc 2y >s n = ?5 J ;* s ! T5 S e/i -APPENDIX D TEM Laboratory Reports Test Report Total Asbestos Structure Concentration TEM A HERA Analysis if ! j me - ' ni m in5 in <N fsj fN vC m fN m om om m m S 8 8 88 COO' V V V VV cu P *. u^l 00 00 00 to '*d d v,v ~.V ,*> 3 ssV R d8 R o8 R 8o R 8O R o8 cn 1=? E f jr 0d0 0d0' d00 0d0 d00 < 52- 0\ HC < <2CJ '* "52 =c It5 m sOmov O 6 V >Ojn' o 5^ 2 < 2 fa. ft. gS3 .ct3> 8 8 '8 8 8 mm m CQ a If m in m m m m m oc 60 00 00 00 oc 00 mm s sr c ii -- <N w/ tr. . ac cc in C 30 c3. 4P= S tn tb x.DC r- r3*C* DC r X ac * * APPENDIX E Original Photographs -Photo 1Test setup for power wire brush. -Photo 2Removing bolts. Fitting #55A is shown. C COlTEC Ph.PhOTOBP' * -Photo 3Removing gasket material. Fitting #40B is shown. -Photo 4Removed gasket. Fitting #62C is shown. Z COltEC P-s.PmOTO 8P2 " Photo 5Flange after lacing'. Fitting #48C is shown. : COt.TECPH.PHCT0 6P3 wu * -Photo 6"Facing" the flange. Fitting 48E is shown. - CCtTEC PPOTC bP'J