Document pY0Q5VapJVg0yX3r4YBkyrvd
BULLETIN 41
The Toxic and Antiseptic Properties of Paints
BY
HENRY A. GARDNER
Ass\istant Director
The Institute of Industrial Research Washington. D. C.
Read before the International Association of Master House Painters and Decorators of the United States and Canada, Thirtieth Annual Convention, Indianapolis, Ind. Feb. 12. 1914
0
SCIENTIFIC SECTION
HENRY A. GARDNER. Dimu,
EDUCATIONAL BUREAU PAINT MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION OF THE U. S.
Secretary's Office 636 THE BOURSE, PHILADELPHIA. Pa .
PART I Composition and Toxicity of Oil Paint Vapors
In .1 paper entitled "The P'<>m;><>~iri<in of i'aiut Vepors."* the writer lias rcccutlv publi-hcd the result' of an extended research into the character / the volatile vapor- yiven off by vari"ii~ paint materials. This work was originally designed to determine whether tiie fumes evolved from drviuy white lead paint, contain volatile lead compounds which, if inhaled, miyht cause lead poi-oniuy. The te-t-. however, proved that p.aint vapor- do not contain metallic ingredient- .and are therefore not to he held accountable for ca-e- of lead poisoniny from whieh ptiinters may -niter.
The most important outcome of the te-t- was the discovery of carbon monoxide in the vapor- from drviuy paints. Since this substance is an extremely pois*molts yas. it i- iptite fair to assume that its inhalation in unvemilatcd ro..ms whieh are heiiiy painted, consti tutes the retd cause of that peculiar type of amentia from whieh painters sometimes suffer.
In the te-ts referred t". the interior ..f metal and ylass eviinders were painted with various oil- and oil-piyment paint-. The air enteriny the cylinders was first purified and then passed over the painted surfaces. 'The air wa- then withdrawn and pa--ed throityh various solutions to ah-orli it- different constituents. Itv thi- means, an exact determination was made of it~ composition. The results of the tests arc summed up in the followiny ennelti'i. >tis ;
Summary of Conclusions
i When hri'ced nil or Mtniiar drying oil* are 'prt-ad in thin
layer', the ah>nrpti-.n **t \ygcn winch take- place w aco .nipanu-d
by tin- cv<Iution ot c< ii'idcrahh amount' *i carbon di"\ide an*l
realise 'Uk'tancennmunt
Carl><-n monoxide A aU- c\*dvcd in -inail
J Od paint' containing leatl or zinc ppment* I* n-t emit
volatile compound'
a metallic nature.
.v Drying paint* rvi-lvc watcr->olttble achj mb-nancc'. Mich
a b-rmic acid.
well a> acid Mib>tancc' which arc apparency "i
a tatty nature. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide arc ah" pre-ent
m the vapor? inm the drying paint. The type
pigment u-cd m
the paint may directly affect the amount and character the \-.ia-
tilc ?ul'tance' produced. Bade pigment' apparently -inuuiate the
evolution ! Mich product*.
4. Aldehydic Mib-Mance* arc present in tin \ap<T' ;r..m drying
:! paint.' I he'*- MibMaiice' probably have a marked l.aon-nndni
effect upon pruii<-genic bacteria, tint* accounting i. *r the sanitary
value acnheii to oc-pigmciH paint'
>mce tlu-
experiment' were reported. the writer ha> had
cea-hm t> determine, in a mre Miti'iaeo <r\ manner, the o uni > '"iti *ti
<d "j| \ a|ar-. 1 he te>;* were made in the "'frun" r. ..in . .j a laruc tin* <-
E 7_ --/-- 7^ ^
_ r r* - z r -
:7
s T-
'=r r~ 7
mm
'S - 5 ~ . r - - s -- -
~*`r
'- ?--- ' i ?-==.= "= =
1 = 7 v"'^ #f <5
1*!
- l-T i '- i"--
- ' "s5i2
- 'i - = - : : = -.s il -. '.
==-:=7-i*-=
- = J i:
;r- = ?t =' .=
- =" T 7 = - ; ^
^ - . - C * *r "^ = -
:/
- ----------------
:*
iri - r:
=-
- =z
7--
- :/..
' rz ..
I
I It^IM
r *L i x7*f:-3 x
::
:/ -
Uln
=5c --
~L 3". ~T - ! -~ '
1
i-=il =i
-E 3 : ,, s " r 5 1 .' ?-= z
|
= YM M f
Z r. * - - >s
:/. - =
^ r ,T > .
t"- "-i. z- -- - .r ^
11' * 4 = i - r
:.-S ; ,=...=
\*iUH
iiisiu
: I - i?~ '
11^4 i f ri
<e
T '--
=
-- "- vr- -
;i Vi Ml
~ * - - * *
-7 " .
--
-= v = r r- / /
j :7- T
IH ==r=.?= ;
- r s I if _ 3- -T -2
- .1 .i -- '"
i- ; * -I ? i -- =- r ' - : i/-
?M :T =
: - - ~, r
-T "7
zT
93 - r
--
i - r rc I" -
-r j-i* : : ?J
T2 *i-= 32-f- =.t -- .r-
j
7
~I
i
I
iMU^l
: -- * = '-- : v-- " Z
-Z=u3
I
]
<
IN-- I 00
= " - i =
i
:
2 ! = ._ <- .1 .s.
il l.I
- -= z x -r
*5s5
?.
i
i= .5 2 ? J
T = -I - f
-
= 1 5_bJ
- r C-- r
cf n : r -5* t* 27 T
-..1=i ` ''-f
^-- :"* 3z --
`i / " j
i
if: ae
is fm iiu .l lim in g llu - i|ii-|-:ili< > ii. :i i cm s i.L i M ill- ;tm> >mit
H:1:<S ii
i'?
-- J; *r t
III 2* a s T- ' 7/ w .
7 5 , i L* 7
. jj T Zf.
r,, ~ 2
":/; /.
=-
-/
5
=r -_..
rr
=
-!s z '~ v=r
-- *T
--
. - ___
Mill.
Mi-.r __ .2 !!! ?i s i 1 ill
- : -- : _ r lllir ~ 5 =
i=
. r. t .i
r T " T -= = -=
-r
T : ^ =J 2"3 ~ -
:/. 7 *- . i=lr: = '
.r r - r
7; r/: s:/
- -- -r r ,, - .i "
1
-- . -s r - =
:/.--
-
?.-
/.
r- --w
-
:;. S - r
r
ii s
= -
if
if
i1
= ;-i
2
r:
l
?-
- .=
>! = !
i
!i J = /.
4.. ^s
is
-- S. 25
-rs
7. i i
r i r. z
=|1 .
-- > ?| ||
Ji
'Z = -- *J2 Jt
j- . * ? -<
cz ~^ 5 *?t
r i'=
V C c j5 H
u * CQ 3 -> ~
&
< .a DU g
u
*3 X
v
JZ h
2 Ei:
-2 - = i 2- ~
is-jl
v
_ '
/ >.r* 2 .*?./'
i r jr I "
I-s^Tli
-5II"
.= j: ' 2 /. --'
- = 2 i 5.1 ji-= ==
?.i ..
.= * -- -7 -
11F:li -
.5 H ' - *T
"5 = 'f/.'-r
' :- = x S 'r
/T -- /
Zr- Lz Z:
_k
r i
= ;i
3 -- .
- " '-' T` = : r
;
i !i 5
t
;
~r t-
=
=
:
-
2
2
:
i
.n
7-"-
: -r"1r":r':
r" '
4 11 Ui^ s ' 5 2 M 5 i'5 . r---*- _r ?i
H!
" r '"r* 7 ""
PiH ^ i "
=S ,
;rHi
Hit!:4ii- t =i
= - - : 5'i = 2f -3 = -5| - I = *
- -:
#7 r
iriP kV:>. > :i ^
" z i, 5 --
liniI fill = .=
i
:jr
: r
"
5
" iV: ,T *.
-- 3 i~ =
'r
-T" ' = J: - i i ' ^ I -
r - - .
Z
2r =
^=
1:2:5- r : -- == rii f|l-:i4
: _ ` - t
_z i
T
4 :f i
- ' - -1 : - ^ : 1- r ;
--I= Ii-- ^- =
r 5
5'
'i ^; .
= : i:,;i H
:i r z
= .'
= " *i r - = :.r
j S^:! a
r--
5 :*^ '
Z"
--
. -z 2r_
z* --"
1
r-`v ,
-r.r
- ~_i r - u z z - - ; -
= 'm
- "=
= i* =
fi
^T
li Hi iit:if I:
:52
7T
5
-*r-----_--_i
:. -- i
e3-;-.
: --"
-1
I.ali !52 =- ->' :'< -- * ' Z
-.
r
-
t - = ; -- 1- f __"; - i : = j :
- z
--
i ir , u rt - - 7!
^i
- ~
I
M i=
It
:
7 ~ ' / :~
II
1 x
! !!;!
f
c li i
- ! ti
J i ii
5 i!| )l X
JL
3! "
1 8 ii ii
It til Is
~2l '
~
* ?> Cl ci
u
it ii i , :
!l
Ii =
II
i2
s
I-r
? r S " _i L ^ 7 z?
II : ='
=
5 r;
>_
*"
'I
.*=
I
ii =;
^4
2
llI= c fi
h
7
11 i
u J*
Vi
--Z =4
S=
14.*:4f :!r. s
C~
%- p, u
= =
II
3c
i-
!#.
si
ii
---
J:
H- z
/--
?- :5 I
P
P
1.4
i If
i 7 --r
ii
T ~ Zm f -7
" / -- t . 7
- - /
"i "
-f : =
r7
!
11
*il! i , -r r : * m.s
iiirll !t.iIt4?3 :
:?J']5 f
- _ 2
: _2 :-- f'* : 4" 1i
4 :
ii 3
i
. z - '
_ r. 'z r t ~
--.
S v, r -- s - - 3 C 7- r. .Z-~ -
? * '?:, i 1- Sj.ssi^ = Ig y
Fiq.I.
0
MMrtDl t*r j*\rKlr.:r. f VMr
Fri p*| .
~ni*
i-K '!
ffja
S'ssf
iiil
s|-=l
> = .* -
sM * ** s? r
r" i z-i 1 *- -s :
i 1:11
Hi ., -- = -
i
=
c
i -
" Ll
7 , ? r'
1:^1
MM
iVs
ill
.
-
>
i
5
m
-i - .1
/
2 = "
= -= > i 2 *
"il 7i'="J
.i 7 - *
i:n
- .;.2 s
g" 5 -z i 1 r"; "r M. i _-i" =
-1^ -_"i
:. = * a *4!
s
Isi .2 1 = I Si*
- i- =
7. -- iMJll
.1^-=
-i|.> = ;
Mi:i 2 i ?" "
S = -7 -= =
= ~
S ,
== i. 14* s
2
-
.. : ?i
r" .S'*'
l"r
J
">-i
" I= "-
=r=
I; ' ;
-.= -
r ;" '
- ~i
= 1=1 =
.= >.i-
-illM
li'Ml
I
iiM'-:
MMM
-H**-5-!
= .i / / --r
iUl
r
c.I-ii- 2^v?
^ --1 ~ . * -- TM*'*" i
s
1 liisf
/ si.: --- W. , --
i
ia-MJi
2-2 = 13..
-- : r :/ =*T = .--= .=--
._ = -' .1i-/ r' ---
l iir: i n- --I I = i .-=
a fift| = - - .= " i.
--7 7=
44isSo .-- - -
1 T -
i
=I : V? I ::
111
t If?
1re = i ?
. -r E- z ;
E *' . 7. = / -r =
fiiiE
3
73
:'7-l:: :; :/. * r
- .r ; / .s 1i :1 - r ~ ' " -
=2T : I
|7
!: l- i:n: =I! :.= ?
7 =-- r ., t :/.
3 ji = S5 : r " --_ i
=._=
lr t -
= = II - ; z-7* ----
T- - =
---- ~ i r =
i-
H U U K l; J P A IN II.II IIOX IO K Ilh IL K M I
Oh PAINT VO I.ATII.LS UPON