Document pBkBxxmXpqjn4aJrQ1jeekYdE

Manual L-l TART C MANUAL l.-l--A GUIDE FOn THE PREPARATION OF WARNING LABELS FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS Adopted 1915 * t. Revised April 1946 The development of new chemical products and the introduction of chemical processes into ever-widening fields has accentuated the need for furnishing: appropriate information in those cases where s|ecinl precautions are necessary. Many chemicals present no hazards in normal handling and stomgno and for these products no precautionary labels are necessary. The education .of employees regarding chemical hazards is. and must remain, the direct respon sibility of their employers. However, such hazards are not confined to employees alone, and infor mation concerning them should, so far as practicable, reach every person using, transporting, or storing .chemicals. The most practical means for the seller to disseminate this information appears to be by labels affixed to containers of hazardous chemicals, bearing appropriate precautionary statements mid instructions stated as simply and briefly as circumstances permit. t I* In the interest of uniformity and more adequate labeling of chemical products, the Manufac turing Chemists' Association has prepared this Manual for the benefit and guidance of its members. A aeries of definitions is included in Schedule 1 in order that the terms used may be clearly under stood. In addition to the general recommendations contained herein, the MCA has prepared sug gested Inliels for specific products. These have l>ccn printed as Manual L-2. which will he supple mented from time to time as additional recommended labels are developed. .* A precautionary label does not take the place of safety equipment such as suitable goggles, airline respirators, gas masks, clothing, shoes, etc. - Individual statutes, regulations or ordinances may require that particular information be included on a label or that a specific label be affixed to a container. In each case, the requirements of these laws should also be studied. The learning labels suggested in this Manual should be used in addition to. or in combination with, any label required by lata.0 . Federal ititohi Include: " *. ' - Interstate Commerce Commission Resrulation? for Transportation of Explosives and Other Cancerous Articles: Supt. f Documents. Govt. Printlnc Office. WasHincton. U. C. Federal Caustic Poison Act and recuiations: Food and Drue Administration. Federal Security Arcncy, Washington. D. C. Federal Insecticide Act of 1910 and recuiations: Acricultura! Marketing Administration. II. S. Department of Agriculture. Washington. D. C. . Federal Food. Drue and Cosmetic Act and recuiations: Food and Drue Administration. Federal Security Agency, Wnshinrton. D. C. Related statutes of the 48 States and the District of Coiumbiijfljljlilj^au^ji^rii^Phariuaey, Poison, and Insecticide Actf. 0 i PLAINTIFF'S I EXHIBIT ^5-/2. Manual LI Uuu' Anociuioa ai cfac Uaucd Suia GENERAL PRINCIPLES In the preparation of any precautionary label the following principles should first be con sidered : 1) Mach chemical product (including mixtures) presents a distinct problem and must be treated individually. in the light of its own characteristics. J{) Extreme care should be exercised in the choice of terminology; Statements should be brief and simple*. ' .. 3) On labels for different products, uniformity in language to indicate the same hazards is most desirable in order to gain greater understanding through standardization. 4) Precautionary statements must be accurate, selectively chosen, and expressed in clearly defined terms. To be effective they should tie used only when and to the extent necessary. Labeling of a relatively harmless product so os to indicate that it is hazard ous. as well us the failure to give adequate notice or* a hazard, will develop a disregard for labels and defeat their purpose. For example, if the word "POISON" is to retain its usefulness on a label, it should be applied exclusively to those products (I) which are poisons according to a definite toxicity standard*, or (2) with which it is associated through common usage, or (3) for which its use is prescribed by law. In all other cases the relative degree of the hazard can be better indicated by the use of signal words such as: "DANGER" to cover extremely serious hazards; "WARNING" to cov$r less serious hazards; and "CAUTION" to cover minor hazards, together with a descriptive statement of the hazard. * 5) Chemical names should be those recommended by the American Chemical Society. 6) The use of a non-deacriptive code designation or trade name as the only identification of a hazardous chemical should be avoided. If for any reason, it is undesirable to show the chomicu! name, or if the chemical name is so complex us to he meaningless except to the trained chemist, the label should state the type of chemical, c.g.( "corpo- sive acid," "lead compound." 7) The following subject matter should be considered for inclusion on a precautionary label: 1. Chemicul name 2. "Signal word" (DANGER-WARNING-CAUTION) designating degree of huzard (Column A. Schedule 3) 3. Affirmative statement of "hazard" (Column B, Schedule 3) 4. "Precautionary measures" covering actions to be followed or avoided (Column C, Schedule 3) * 5. "Instructions in case of accident," where advisable (Column D, Schedule 3) 8) Warning labels should be printed In easily legible type, which is in contrast by typog raphy, layout, or color with any other printed mutter on the label and should be placed conspicuously on containers. Legibility may be preserved with n suitable protective coating. * To provide a practical working standard for labeling purposes "POISON" Is defined in Schedule l of this Manual to include only chemical* capable of cau.'ini; acute effects by ingestion and inhalation. the principal modes of entry tutu the body. This definition excludes chemicals cnpuble of causing injuries as n result of sain absorption or of chronic exposure by inhalation, because the variable actions and effects af chemicals with these characteristics preclude a practical means of measuring their hazards. ** * 2 Midufic<wrin (>fmrm% of be (ViKtd PREPARATION OF PRECAUTIONARY LABELS Manual L-l The basic considerations in the preparation of a precautionary label for any chemical product (including mixtures) are: 1) Determination of the hazards present in the particular chemical-product, 2) Selection of appropriate statements for each significant hazard inherent in the product. , 3) Arrangement of statements in the order of emphasis desired. The most frequently encountered hazards have been classified by the MCA into 10 types Tis' listed In Schedule 2. Set opposite each class are statements illustrating characteristic precautions usually required for that type of hazard. Many chemical products will have more than one type of haznrd. In which case appropriate statements for each significant type should he included on the label. Most chemical products con tain impurities. When these are present in harmful quantities, appropriate warnings and precau tionary measures should be included on the labels. ' " .. As each chemical product must be treated individually, there will be many instances in which the Illustrative statements will not be applicable either because they do not accurately express the degree of hazard or because they fail to cover the particular characteristics. In such cases, suitable statements'should be selected from Schedule 3. This Schedule presents a more comprehensive list of statements arranged In columnar form, and grouped as follows: A '` Signal Word ' B` Hazards .. C Precautionary . Measures D' Instructions in * Case of Accident Column A--The degree of hazard can he expressed only In relative terms. The purpose is two-fold: to Indicate to the reader the comparative seriousness of the danger involved in handling a given product and to call attention to the precautionary instructions which should Immediately follow. The "signal words'*- recommended are, in the order of dimin ishing severity of hazard. (1) DANGER: (2) WARNING: (3) CAUTION. Example: WARNING! Column B--From this column should lie selected the phrase (or ihrases) that most accu rately describes the principal hazard. This is placed on the same line as the "signal word." Example: WARNING! FLAMMABLE If other significant hazards are present, they should be tabulated under the principal hazard. .* Column C--The appropriate statement of "precautionary measures" should Iw chosen from Column C and should follow on subsequent lines.' * . ** Example: WARNING! FLAMMABLE . .. Keep away Crum heat and open flame. Keep container dosed. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged breathing of vnjior. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. IMiauil L-i ' M4Aui4atfftfl4 Okauki* Atxxuuo* *4 (he United Scuo ! ' Column 0--When it is advisable to include instructions in case of accident, the appropriate statements may be selected from this columa. Instructions in case of accident to indi viduals are valuable but should be limited to recognized first uid procedures based ujkjh simple methods und commonly available materials. Instructions for strictly medical treat ment should be oiuitled except when siiecifically required by law. Lfecause of the serious and hating effects that may result from eye injuries, a recommendation to obtain medical attention should accompany any specific instruction directed to the treatment of the eyes. If the statements from Schedule a fail to meet the exact needs, they should be modified to suit.' lu the example shown, toluene, no phrase from this column appears to be necessary. . "While every compound carries some hazard, if improperly used. It is Impractical to cover every possible contingency on a lubel. Efforts should be directed toward naming the serious hazards, nnii warning against such abuses and accidents as arc likely to be encountered under normal con ditions. There are scarcely any means of measuring In absolute terms the relative seriousness of hazards, and the recommendations in Schedule-S only contemplate their division into two or three degrees of intensity, (t follows that of two compounds one may be less hazardous than the other und yet muy curry the sumo warnings and cautions. Instructions for handling und storage of containers should be included where conditions indi cate their need. These instructions should take Into consideration both the characteristics of the chemicui product and the limitations of the type or types of container in which it is pucked. Schedule 4 presents suggested labels for samples of experimental products for which full data regarding hazards are not yet knowii. Schedule fi Illustrates the application of caution statements to three specific products, lu the case of toluene, the statements used are similar to those given In Schedule 2 for a compound or mixture having hazurds in classifications I-B und IV. The second example, aqueous hydrofluoric acid, represents a very special case where the particular hnzurds require modification of the stundurd statements. The third example is that of a label for u proprietary compound or mixture. )Iinail L-l < M^auixciu/co* Ckcau'ui' Aucat(iO ch< (Uicod $cu * Schedule 2 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS Cfavi . I. Flummuble Liquids .and Oxidizing Agents which Supi>ort Combustion. (Flush points * for liquids an: determined by Tagliabue's Opeg-Cup Method). . A. Flush point 20" F. or below. . Typical Isabel 4 DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE Keep away from heat and o|icii lla me. Keep container dosed. B. Mush (joint above 20' to 80* F. in clusive. WARNINGI FLAMMABLE. Keep away from heat und open flame.* Keep container closed. ((. Flumnmble Solids uud Oxidizing Agents us Classified by the ICC. CAUTION! EXPOSURE MAY CAUSE FIRE OR CREATE FIRE HAZARD Keep uwuy from heut und open llaiue. Keep container closed. '. In case of contact, immediately Hush with plenty of water; remove and wash clothing before re-use. III. Vapors Immediately Toxic or Extremely Irritating Even on Exposure for a'Short Time or to Low Concentrations. , DANGER! VAPOR EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS Do not breathe vapor. Do not get on skin. Do nut get ill eyes. Keep container closed and uwuy from heat. Keep awuy from feed or food products. Have uir line respirator or gas mask ap proved by U. S. flureuu of Mines specifi cally for (name of chemicul) available for emergency. IV. Vupors Hazardous from Prolonged or Repeated Exposures, or Exposure to Higher Concentrations. \ *. WARNING! VAPOR HARMFUL Use only with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged or repeated breathing of vapor. . Keep container closed and away from heat. Asvmmmm r# (W ('ni<nl Sttfd Schedule 4 Manual I.-I The laheling of experimental samples of ue\r products presents unusual problems. All of the properties or possible uses of n product arc seldom known. The following safeguards arc therefore recommended: __ . 1. Samples of a product already on the market should carry the same warning label as a commercial shipment. 2. The following label Is suggested for samples of any material that has never been In commer cial production unless (I) the material is known to he wholly innocuous, or (2) the dangers arc limited to known hazards ond appropriate cautions are submitted. SAMPLE . (- ) Name or description of Product FOR EXPERIMENTAL USE ONLY CAUTION! The chemical, physical and toxicological properties of this product have not been fully investigated and its handling or use may be hazardous. Kxcrcisc due care. .*5. The identity of the sample, indicated in parentheses above, should lie as clear as possible. Wherever feasible, it should be the name of the compound or mixture, and in any case it should be the liest possible identification to aid the user In knowing with what he U concerned. 4. Where there are significant known hazards they should be so indicated. fi. The above label may be used in the case of old products being considered for new uses. Schedule S * SI'HCIMEN PRODUCT LAKELS The following specimen labels illustrate the application to specific products of. the principles set forth in this Manual: ' * Product Combining Hazards of Class l-( and IV (Schedule 2) * Chemicals. TOLUENE WARNING! Fr.AM.MAM.f-:. Keep away from heat and open (lame. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. Miaul L-l Qiu' Auouiuai \4 i(w Uauol Sum HYDROFLUORIC ACID, AQUEOUS Product Kctjuiriti}'. Blud$ iticd. Cautions and First Aid.' DANGER! CORROSIVE LIQUID VAI'Olt HAZARDOUS CAUSES SEVERE UUKNS WHICH WAY IMMEDIATELY PAINFUL OR VISIBLE NOT BE . Du uut breathe vapor. Du nut get iu ttyes, on akin, on clothing. In ca.se nf contact ur suspicion of contact: Immediately (lush-skin with plenty of Water until whiteness dis appear*. paying particular attention to akin under nails. Saak udected ureas with crushed ice in 70ethyl alcohol until physician arrives. Flush eyes with pleuty of water for ut least 16 minutes. In ull cases got medical nttentiun. Remove and wash clothing before re-use. Avoid use of greasy uintments. Proprietary Product (e.gi, containing- Ituoriue salts; (PROPRIETARY NAftlE) Contains Fluorine Compounds. WARNING! POISONOUS IF TAKEN INTERNALLY Avoid breathing dust. Flush spillage to sewer with water.