Document pBbYZ5nX57wyLBZ3b9Q70d2oX

V71 *K T VT TT-J . ~'i Tv T'' AT TT1 ~V T rn A T JCj -LN v lXv\JlNJXU2!i.N inJU 32740 Northwestern Highway, Farmington,.Michigan 48024 t'3i3) 626-2420 March 30, 1970 Dr. George Roush, Jr. Ethyl Corporation. Medical Department Laboratory of Environmental Medicine 1709 Perdido Street New Orleans, Louisiana 70112 Dear George: Enclosed are two copies of our report covering blood, urine and air analyses at Herman Gardens last November and December. It is brief, but complete, I believe, and contains fourteen tables, including one with most of the primary data on it, so that you can check our arithmetic and conclusions. I think the lead data are very good, and agree well with the first set of data, but I don't know about the ALA and creatinine datawe don't get the same mean values that Bill gave me by phone for a group you have previously studied. We'll wait until you compare your results on the samples we sent you with ours, however, before worry ing too much. Please call or write when you've had time to digest the report, and we'll see whether some further action is called for. We've enjoyed doing this study, and hope that it will be possible to work with you again on similar studies in the future. Yours very truly, .. RGS/jmb Enclosures Ralph G. Smith President He' 001294 ______________________________________ HI IN V lirlVJJN IVlJiJN -13____ HEALTH n iF JL LABORATORIES, INC 32740 Northwestern Highway, Farmington, Michigan 48024 (313) 326-2426 A Study of Lead in Air, Lead in Blood and ALA In Urine in Relation to Residents Near a Freeway November, 1969 In continuation of a study at the Herman Gardens Housing Project, Detroit, Michigan which began in February, 1969 results of resampling the air at several locations, and determining blood lead levels on resi dents living at varying distances from, the freeway are described in this report. ' Air sampling was performed at three locations near and distant from the freeway in February, 1969, again in July-August, 1969 and finally in November-December, 1969. The methods of sampling and analysis have previously been described and will not be repeated. In July, 1969 blood levels were determined oh residents of the area and a repeat sampling and analysis of essentially the same group in November, 1969 is reported, here. In addition, urine specimens were collected from a number of the blood donors and both ALA and creatinine levels were determined. The methods used for selecting the population sampled and for determining the lead content of blood have also been previously des cribed. It should be noted that it was not possible to sample exactly the same group each time, but the number of indiviudals participating in both sampling periods was high, however, and the results of each sampling period are believed to be comparable with one another. Not all of the blood donors were able to donate a urine specimen, but the great majority did, and inter-ccmparisons should be valid. The methods used to determine ALA and creatinine were those perviously used and recommended by the Ethyl Corporation Medical Department and need not be described further in this report. R 0012350 N15285.01 2- - Resuits of Air Sampling: ... . The air sampling data are presented in Table 1, using the same format as in previous reports. As expected, the air lead levels again showed a progressive decrease with distance from the freeway, and a significantly lower level inside the apartments compared to the outside locations. The mean lead levels for comparable locations were as expected, intermediate between those obtained in February and those obtained in August. These results are probably related to the frequency of favorable wind directions (westerly) and the extent of atmospheric turbulence. When all the data are grouped together, the mean outdoor lead levels, which presumably come close to annual means, are as lollows: 3 Location A: 4. 8 + 2. 9 pg/m Location B: 2. 6 + 1.9 " Location C: 1. 5 + 0. 9 " Blood Lead Results: Blood was obtained from 112 individuals compared to 110 individuals previously. As already noted, however, the composition of the two groups was not identical. A complete presentation of data is contained in Table 11 which lists background information of significance for each individual as well as the first and second blood lead levels and ALA data (note: those individuals who donated blood July but did not donate in November have not been in cluded in this listing). The actual composition of the study population as well as summaries of all results obtained are detailed in Tables 2-10. These tables correspond in number and format to the tables presented in our pre vious report. In addition, Table 12 summarizes the ALA results and Table 13 summarizes the creatinine results. Significant tests were performed on all data using the same methods on which previous findings were based, and summary of all conclusions reached is contained in Table 14. It will be noted that individuals living at Location A had a significantly higher blood lead level than those living at K 0012951 Location C in the second test, whereas the difference, though present, was not significant in the first test results. It further appears that smokers as a group have significantly higher lead levels at Location A than C, that non-smokers less than 55 years of age exhibit similar findings, and that females less than 55 years of age, also yield the same findings. As noted in Table 10, when housewives only are considered, lead levels are once again higher at Location A than C and this relationship persists when com parisons are made based on smoking and age. Delta Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA): Samples were collected from donors who were instructed to discard the first urine voided after arising in the morning, and to thereafter collect all urine in the following two hour period. A preservative was added as dir ected in the methods furnished by Ethyl Corporation, volumes were noted and analyses performed. All data are presented in Table 11 and a summary of the data is contained in Table 12. Creatinine determinations were also made and ALA values were then recalculated on the basis of creatinine levels. When ALA levels not corrected for creatinine are compared there are no statistically significant differences between any of the groups or sub-groups which were chosen. When creatinine corrected values are compared, however, it will be noted in Table'14 that a statistically significant difference between groups A and C is noted in which values for those in group C are higher than those in group A. This difference appears to be related to the female portion of the population and in particular to females greater than 55 years of age. Although the difference appears to be statistically significant, no explanation for it is offered at this time. It would seem, however, that the usefulness of making a correction based on creatinine might be questioned. Urinary volumes were also noted and are contained in Table 11 but they have not been taken into account in any of the calculations presented. K* 0012952 Lw 1--' -- *-- V-- * --* >-- t-- * --< h-- >--* >-- >-- i--` *-- I--* V-- K--' * N IV N ro N N N N N N CV ro --* - -- r -- -- --* *-- #-- -- >-- - -f-sCOO^lO'Ui^WNHWNiNJNNNNNN'NW!-'*-' fNJ ^ o O vO 00 U1 tf* w M C5 O CD >vO Ho o *J H ^ S? *n h ^ h SCh jr a, 5 o !+ 2 ? o a ft i go g o r 0 o l o P* 34 "0) CL < cn .CL TO n H M 01 2 U! -f. fu ru i--< W 4- i. 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Cl P- t3 M H <; wwffi * 3e tJ * o O iV O O O ui O O 41 tJ o KU i-J l 4 O O O o O O O O O 00 O-' W M (VJ iu Jn J 1- vC' 4- 0-> O'- K 0012353 M i ^ a* 9 # + j H H H ii ii H OZ d" 2 o o Cfi 00 3 Pp 3 o n o Pp 3pw 43 a Hw 43 P vO O' vO MH O> S'<T> P 3Cl <ra o o/ F eOJ UJ M ^ ,{1 N W rt- O u> h Ji m w N o O' CO M* o prt a OJ Ul M J;. to Ijj oF>-> 2 CO tflCV W Ul vO 1 O' 4* prt ^ 0012954 tv tv --* 04 04 00 N> tv U1 O' 'O r^j F-* o 00 tv F- ! --> 04 to ro I tv # 1 --* CO Ol t--< On o 1 4 Ol oF rTpOt* O o >!-* a. n> H O fTcOf 2 M- a. a> w >--1 o o ro K-* F-* o tv P CO o H- Oo U* O o o o o F-' o o Oo p CD ui o 00 -*o o s* fo TO r(a-t*. o > H TFO O (-* Prt o pn C/3 o 2II 3 tv O LO ZZ 2 2 3~ ^ ^ ^ ^ 3~ np -- V--* H-* ^ to 00 o ^ W vO ^ tvJ t- CO h OT cn Tr3t r0t- 3 S' srt 3p W N W [V N U W ok oh wwa H 3 43 foo > F W > H wM 50 5 o o o3 Cft F-4 *0--^r H p ic--r* c T= OQ --* 5> a> co 44^4 d tv Table 2 Study Population Description - Study Population No. of Individuals Loc. A Loc. C Total Group Males Non Smokers Smokers 55 13 5 8 r 57 10 6 4 Females Non Smokers Smokers Housewives Non Smokers Smokers 42 47 35 30 7 17 34 38 28 24 6 14 In Tables 2-10 Location A - Adjacent to Freeway . Location C - Away from Freeway HIS' 0012355 Tabic 3 Blood Lead Levels, pg/lOOg Description, Subgroups Total Population Males Smokers Non Smokers Females Smokers Non Smokers Housewives Smokers Non Smokers Smokers (both sexes) Non Smokers (both sexes) Location AC 16. 8 19. 8 20. 5 18. 8 14.3 19. 7 19. 3 20. 0 15. 9 20. 1 15, 0 16. 0 21. 2 14. 9 13. 2 13. 6 12. 9 13. 6 13. 9 13. 4 20. 3 15. 5 14. 7 14. 1 /< 0012356 Males F emales Total Group Table 4 Blood Lead Levels In Relation To Sex & Location. ug/lOOsr + S. D. A n Pb 13 19. 8 + 5. 6 42 15. 9 + 4. 7 55 16. 8 + 5. 2 C n Pb 10 19. 7 + 72 47 13.2 + 4. 1 57 14. 3 + 5. 4 Table 5 Blood Lead Levels In Relation To Age, Location Sex, (j.g/100g Sex Males Age Years <25 26 - 40. 41 - 55 56 - 70 '71-85 A n Pb 1 14. 0 3 17. 0 1 30. 0 1 21. 0 6 20. 5 C n Pb 0 3 25. 0 1 11. 0 4 18. 8 2 13. 0 Females <25 26 - 40 41 - 55 56 - 70 71 - 85 2 9 9 9 14 16. 0 16.8 18. 4 15. 1 14. 3 1 12. 0 12 12. 0 12 14. 1 13 13. 2 9 13. 7 HE 001235, Table 6 Blood Lead Levels in Relation to Smoking Habits, Sex b Location, jig/lOOg Sex MALES Cigarettes Per Day A n Fb 0 < 10 10 - 20 20 + Other Total Smokers 5 4 0 2 1 7 19. 0 21. 5 17. 0 21. 0 20. 6 0 > 10 FEMALES 10 - 20 20 + Other Total Smokers 34 5 3 0 0 8 15. 1 19. 8 20. 3 20. 0 C n Fb 5 18. 3 1 24. 0 03 17. 7 04 19. 3 30 12. 9 10 14. 4 3 14. 7 4 11. 0 017 13. 6 Table 7 Blood Lea.d Levels in Relation to Sex Length of Time at Present Residence Hg/100g Sex Years Residence MALES FEMALES 3-5 6-10 > 10 3-5 6-10 > 10 A n Pb 6 21. 0 5 17. 2 1 27. 0 19 14. 4 14 16. 2 10 18. 5 C n Pb 4 24. 5 3 11. 3 3 21.7 11 12. 1 19 13. 8 17 13. 0 W* K F 0012356 Table 8 Blood Lead Levels in Relation to Commuting Habits, Sex & Location ^g/lGOg Description Male Commuter Non - Commuter Female Commuter Non - Commuter A n Pb C r n Pb 5 19, 0 3 7 20. 6 7 10 16. 2 7 33 15. 8 40 25. 0 17. 4 10. 6 13. 6 Table 9 Blood Lead Levels in Relation to Occupation, Sex & Location pg/I00g Sex Occupation Male Retired Office & Sales Industry and Other Female Housewife Office & Sales Industry and Other A n Pb 8 21. 8 0< 4 16. 3 C n Pb 6 18. 5 04 21. 5 33 16. 0 38 5 17. 2 6 5 18. 2 3 13. 6 14. 2 8. 7 0012959 Table 10 Blood Lead Levels Housewives only pg/lOOg Description Total Group Smokers Non Smokers Age < 55 Age >55 ' A n Pb 32 16. 0 6 21. 2 27 14. 9 C n Pb 38 13. 6 14 13. 9 24 13.4 12 18. 8 21 * 14. 4 17 21 12. 9 14. 2 KE 0012360 Table 12 ALA In Urine, Mean Values Total Group Males F emales Location A mg/100ml mg/g creatinine 0. 28 2. 7 0. 38 2. 7 0. 25 .2.8 Location .CL mg/lOOml mg/g creatinine 0. 29 3. 66 0. 42 4. 1 0.26 3. 6 Males>55 Males<55 Females>55 F emales<55 0. 29 0. 53 0. 22 O' 29 2. 7 2. 6 2. 4 3. 2 T 0. 32 0. 75 0. 23 0. 28 2. 6 9.4 3. 6 3. 6 Smokers Non Smokers 0. 27 0. 29 All Males (A&C) All Females (A&C) 0.38 0.26 - 2. 8 2. 7 3.3 3.2 0. 33 0.26 4. 8 3. 1 HE 0012361 Group Table 13 Urinary Creatinine Levels, mg/ 1 00ml Location A Location C Entire group Males F emales Males Males <55 >55 F emales <55 F emale s >55 All Males { A & C ) All Females ( A & C ) Everyone Under 55 Everyone Over 55 114 141 105 177 111 116 96 134 92 87 96 189 126 81 115 129 81 80 0012362 rr 1 * t4 JL<LU1 1* _ -- _ Relationships Between Groups A St G* Groups Compared Lead Test #1 Lead Test #2 ALA ALA/Creatinine All (males St females) -- Male s -- F emales A>C P=0. 98 Smokers A>C P=0. 97 Non Smokers -- All persons <55 -- All persons >55 --- All Males <55 -- All Males <55 -- All females <55 -- All females >55 -- Males, smokers -- Males, non smokers -- Females, smokers A>C P=0. 95 Females, non smokers -- A>C P=0. 985 -- A>C P=0. 995 A>C P=0. 995 -- A>C P=0. 95 T ------ -- -- A>C P=0. 99 -- -- -- A>C P>0. 99 A>C P=0. 96 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- C>A P=0. 97 -- - C>A P=0. 95 - -- - -- OA P>0. 999 -__ -- -- -- - *hen no figures are given, differences were not significant, based on t-test, ( P < 0. 95) HE 0 0 i.23 6 3