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MWBB-0019853 Industrial Hygiene Digest INDUSTRIAL HEALTH NEWS LITERATURE ABSTRACTS MEDICAL ENGINEERING CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGICAL LEGAL APRIL, 1966 (Vol. 30, No. 4) INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION MELLON INSTITUTE 4400 FIFTH AVENUE -- PITTSBURGH, PA. 15213 f PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT I iuH~b 03122079 MMBB-001985<* v=3 fel oo C==3 03122080 Industrial Hygiene Foundation assumes no responsibility for statements in articles abstracted in this Digest or for material from other organizations which may be sent to members from time to time. The Digest's condensation of articles as well as literature not originating within the Foundation, are made available to our members solely for their information, by way of keeping them posted on developments. MWBB-0019855 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA, INC. Mellon Institute, 4400 Fifth Avenue TO THE MEMBERS OF IHF: Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 April, 1966 FIRST QUARTERLY REPORT - 1966 151 JU In the past three months, there have been several important develop ments in Foundation programs. New Members. The Foundation is pleased to announce the following new members: Marcona Mining Company. Manufacturing Chemists' Assn. Chrysler Corporation National Coal Association M. J. Gordon Company Eastman Kodak Company Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (reinstated membership) Publications. The following publications have been issued since the first of the year: * Second Decennial Index (1955-1964) to the Industrial Hygiene Digest. * 1965 Annual Report * Two reprints: "Silicotic Bronchiolitis Obliterans," P. Gross and Heinrich Brieger, Arch. Environmental Health 12, 519 (Jan. 1966); and "Dust Particles in Lung Sections, " P. Gross and E. Tolker, Arch. Environmental Health 12, 213-216 (Feb. 1966). Meetings. The second Engineering Discussional in January and the first Chemical-Toxicological Discussional in February were very successful, thanks to the efforts of sponsoring Foundation Committees, with over 50 registrants in each case. These have been so popular that they are both to be scheduled on an annual basis hereafter, if possible. There were also meetings of the Board of Trustees in Pittsburgh, the Legal Committee in New York, and representatives of the ChemicalToxicological Committee met at the Society of Toxicology Meeting in Williamsburg. In addition, representatives of the Engineering Committee and Nursing Committee met to discuss Foundation activities. A number of smaller research planning meetings were held at Mellon Institute with representatives of industry, universities and the U. S. Public Health Service, Division of Occupational Health. These meetings have been listed in the Industrial Hygiene Digest Foundation Facts; significant progress will be reported as u develops' 03122081 AN ASSOCIATION OF INDUSTRIES FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF HEALTHFUL WORKING CONDITIONS HWBB-0019856 I NDUSTRIAL Hygiene Features Periodic health examinations using an automated multitest laboratory are discussed in Abst. No. 328. A study of work performance ratings of former psychiatric patients is given in Abst. No. 330. Flies and disease are investigated in Abst. No. 352. Abst. No. 353 outlines progress in tetanus prophylaxis. Consult Abst. No. 360 for treatment of strong alkali burns of the eye. Abst. No. 361 is concerned with the treatment of electrical injuries. The treatment of major burns with dilute aqueous silver nitrate is describ ed in Abst. No. 362. An outbreak of resin dermatitis in a car factory is described in Abst. No. 363. A study on the hydrogen sulfide darken ing of exterior paint is presented in Abst. No. 368. See Abst. No. 371 for information on the concentration of lead in bone in plumbism. Abst. No. 374 reviews untoward reactions to lysergic acid diethyamide (LSD). Abst. No. 381 surveys sequelae of acute organic phosphate poisoning. A description of an inertial-type parti cle separator for collecting large sam ples is given in Abst. No. 384 An investigation of byssinosis in the waste cotton industry is given in Abst. No. 386 Abst. No. 418 presents data on the safety of drivers with chronic disease. Foundation Facts NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF MENTAL HEALTH GRANT TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUN DATION: The Foundation is pleased to announce approval from the National Institutes of Mental Health for a five-year training grant in the amount of $639, 522 in support of the Foundation's pilot plant studies on Employee Mental Health and Occupation Health Nursing Practices. (See Industrial Hygiene Digest 28^:7 pp. i, July 1964, 28:11 pp. ii, Nov. 1964 and NursingSeries, Bulletin No. 1). ASSISTANCE TO FOUNDATION MEMBERS: Representatives of the Laundry and Dry Cleaning As sociation visited Drs. deTreville and Rinehart at Mellon Institute on April 5 to discuss an information research project. Others, from the Asbestos and Fibreglass Industry, met with Drs. Gross and deTreville on April 12 to discuss work on Asbestos in progress in the Foundation's Research Labora tory. Drs. John G. Keller, American Petroleum Institute, Committee for Air and Water Conservation, and David Andrews, Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Committee on Atmospheric Pollution, visi ted Dr. Gross' Laboratory during April to discuss the progress of emphysema studies. STAFF ACTIVITIES: On April 21, Dr. deTreville was elected a fellow of the American College of Physicians. He attended the American Industrial Health Conference in Detroit the week of April 25. He met during April with the Foundation's Engineering, Chemical-Toxicological, Legal,Medical and Nursing Committees to finalize details of the 31st Annual Meeting program in preparation for the meet ing of the Foundation's Board of Trustees on May 10 at Mellon Institute. Dr. deTreville will speak on "Management of Environmental and Occupational Health Problems" on May 13 at the Pennsylvania Chamber of Commerce sponsored 14th Annual Clean Streams and Clean Air Conference in Harrisburg and on "The Industrial Hygiene Foundation and The Occupational Health Nurses" at a meeting of the Pennsylvania State Association of Industrial Nurses on May 14 at the Penn-Sheraton Hotel in Pittsburgh. Dr. Gross has accepted an invitation to moderate a session at the 2nd Annual Conference on Atmos pheric Contamination in Confined Spaces, to be held May 4 in Dayton, Ohio tinder the sponsorship of the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, U. S. Air Force Systems Command. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION EXHIBIT: IHF will have an exhibit on emphysema research at the American Industrial Hygiene Association meeting in Pittsburgh, May 23-27. THE 31st ANNUAL MEETING will be held on OCTOBER 18-19, 1966 at Pittsburgh's new Chatham Center. 03122083 Industrial Hygiene Digest April. 1966 EDITORIAL LO OO o. SHORT-TERM LIMITS (Pennsylvania Department of Health Regulations) The attention of Industrial Hygiene Foundation members was called to the appearance of (3 Q I CO oa short-term values in the state of Pennsylvania in an Editorial which appeared in the February 1965 issue of Industrial Hygiene Digest. The subject of Short-Term Values was reviewed thoroughly at the Foundation's 30th Annual Meeting in October 1965. The Transactions of the latter appeared in the April 1966 issue of the AMA Archives of Environmental Health (now in distribution to Foundation members). These short-term limits are used in the state of Penn sylvania in addition to the list of Threshold Limit Values published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (see Industrial Hygiene Digest 2^:9 Foundation Facts and pp. i-ix, Sept. 1965) also present in the regulations. Under the provisions of the Administrative Code Act of April 9, 1929, P. L. 177 of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the following Rules and Regulations of the Department of Health was amended on August 18, 1964. Section 3 was amended by adding a new paragraph, " L", as follows: L. "Short-Term Limit" shall mean the maximum atmospheric concentration of a con taminant to which a workman may be exposed for a specified short-time period. The concentration represents an upper limit of exposure for the specified time and assumes that there are sufficient recovery periods between episodes for recuper ation. The daily average exposure to the contaminant, including these episodes, shall be such that the threshold limit value shall not be exceeded. (These values are set forth in Table 2 which was revised on August 17, 1965 as follows, and which table is a part of these regulations. TABLE 2 SHORT-TERM LIMITS Maximum average exposure for the time period specified Maximum average exposure for the time period specified Substance Mg. per'3 Time in P. P.M. a Cu. M. minutes Substance Mg. per*3 Time in P. P. M. a Cu. M. minutes Acetic acid 40 _ 5 Chlorine 35 Acetone 1,000 - 30 Chlorine trifluoride 0. 1 5 Acrolein 0. 5 - 5 Chloroacetaldehyde 1 5 Acrylonitrile 40 30 Chloroform 400 30 Allyl alcohol 5 - 30 Cobalt 0. 5 30 Allyl glycidyl ether Copper fume 0. 1 30 (AGE) 10 - 5 Cyanide (as CN) 5 30 Ammonia 100 30 o-Dichlorobenzene 50 15 Amyl acetate 200 - 30 1, 1 -Dichloroethane 200 30 Amyl alcohol 150 - 30 1,2-Dichloroethane Aniline 50 - 30 (Ethylene dichloride) 200 30 Benzene 75 - 30 Dichloroethyl ether 35 30 Beryllium - 0. 025 5 1, 1 -Dichloro-1 - Boron trifluoride 1 - 5 nitroethane 10 30 Bromine 0. 4 - 30 Diethyl amine 100 30 2-Butanone (MEK) 300 - 5 Diglycidyl ether 0. 5 5 Butyl acetate 300 - 30 Diisobutyl ketone 50 30 Butyl alcohol 150 - 30 Ethyl acetate 1,000 15 tert. Butyl alcohol 150 - 30 Ethyl acrylate 50 15 Butylamine 5 - 5 Ethylamine 25 30 tert. Butyl chromate - 0. 1 30 Ethyl benzene 200 30 Cadmium oxide fume - 0. 3 30 Ethylene diamine 20 5 Calcium oxide - 10 30 Ethylene glycol Carbon disulfide 100 - i 30 dinitrate and Carbon monoxide 400 - 15 Nitroglycerin 0. 2 30 Carbon tetrachloride 25 - 30 Ethylene imine 5 30 03122085 v=3 L--- L OO Industrial Hygiene Digest April, 1966 MR. HARRY M, BOWMAN, Assistant to the General Manager of the Reaction Motors Division of Thiokol Chemical Corporation in Denville, New Jersey, has been elected to the Industrial Hygiene Foundation Board of Trustees. Mr. Bowman's activity and participation in the Industrial Hygiene Foundation dates back only nine years but has ranged from a speaker at the 1960 Annual Meeting, to membership on the Chemical-Toxicological Committee, to Chairman of the Policy and Planning Committee, to mem bership on the Board of Trustees. Mr. Bowman was with Bakelite Company from 1939 to 1954 before he joined Reaction Motors as Research Spectroscopist. In 1956 he became Supervisor of the Chemistry Administration Sec tion where industrial safety and hygiene became one of his major concerns; in 1957 he was named Manager of the Research Operation and Plans Department where the industrial safety and hygiene responsibility expanded to the totality of the Research complex; in 1961 he was appointed Director of the Nuclear Technology Department; and in 1962 he assumed his present position as Assistant to the General Manager. Mr. Bowman is author of a number of published articles and is past Vice President of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy; past President of the Association for R & D Administration; Chairman of the Speakers Bureau of the Coblentz Society; past Assistant Chairman and current Director of the New Jersey Section of the American Astronautical Society; State Chairman of the New Jersey Council for Research and Development; and member of the Air Force Association, American Ordnance Association, American Association for the Advancement of Science and Seminar Leader for the American Management Association. He was awarded his B.S. in Physics from New York University and has done graduate work at the New York University, Stanford University Graduate School of Business and Fairleigh Dickinson University. 03122087 iii HWBB-0019858 (o lo b--l 00 t=a April, 1966 Volume XXX No. 4 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Literature and News Industrial Hygiene Foundation 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 NEWS ITEMS 315 Safeguard and other Antibacterial Soaps. Soaps containing antibacterial agents are offered for the prevention of body and perspiration odors and for the prevention of some bacterial skin infections. The antibacterial drugs most often added to soaps and detergents are hexachlorophene and halogenated carbanilides and salicylanilides. Hexachlorophene and a chlorinated carbanilide are the antiseptics in Dial soap (Armour); a brominated salicylanilide is the antiseptic agent in Lifebuoy (Lever Bros. ). Safeguard (Procter & Gamble), the newest of such soaps, contains two carbanilides and two salicylanilides. An antibacterial soap may possibly be useful in helping prevent cutaneous infections in machinists, packing-house workers, persons working with petroleum oils, and greases, and others who are especially subject to such infections. There is no soap, anti bacterial or otherwise, known to be effective in the treatment of bacterial skin infections. Moreover, there is no scientific support on biological or medical grounds for the routine removal of harmless microbial flora from normal skin. One reason antibacterial soaps should not routinely be used where there is no special need for them is that any antiseptic may act as a skin sensitizer. Hexachlorophene has been known to cause allergic contact dermatitis, although no reports of photosensitivity reactions have thus far appeared. Two well-documented cases of photosensitivity reactions to the salicylanilide present in Lifebuoy soap were recently reported,with cross-photosensitivity to another salicylanilide (S. Epstein and T. Enta, JAMA, 194:1016, Nov. 29, 1965). Since Safeguard contains salicylanilides, physicians should be alert, especially in the summer, to its potential for causing photosensi tivity reactions. A few cases of such reactions to Safeguard have already been observed. -- The Medical Letter 8, 10-11 (Feb. 11, 1966) 316 Bee Stings and Antibodies. Sera drawn from 39 beekeepers, stung an estimated 50-2, 000 times per week, contained a significant titer of hemagglutinating antibodies, investigators from the State University of New York at Buffalo report. These substances, reactive to either bee venom or sacless body antigens, were not present in eight of nine beekeepers stung less than ten times per week. Hemagglutinins probably reflect the well-known immunity to stings found in such persons, Robert E. Reisman, M. D. , and associates reported to the American Academy of Allergy. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. 195, 45 (Mar. 7, 1966) 317 Medical Records. Keeping good medical records can be a problem for small industrial plants, whose medical department frequently consists of at most one industrial nurse, who may be without physician guidance or supervision. Yet there is a great potential contribution to the health and safety of American workers in the keeping of good medical records, the more so since the majority of workers are employed by small companies. Accordingly, the AMA's Council on Occupa tional Health has prepared a "Guide to the Development of an Industrial Medical Records System. " Single copies are available without charge from the Department of Occupational Health, American Medical Association, 535 North Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60610. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. 195, 10 (Mar. 7, 1966) 318 Travel for Toxicologists. The U. S. Public Health Service, Division of Accident Prevention, will furnish travel funds for about three dozen forensic toxicologists to go to Copenhagen, Denmark, to attend the Fourth International Meeting in Forensic Medicine, The meeting will be held August 15 to 18. Funds will cover transportation via a charter flight, five days per-diem support, and half of the plane fare from the home of the recipient to point of take-off of the nearest charter flight. Write M. F. Mason, Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas 75235 for further inform ation. -- Chem. Eng. News 44, 74 (Feb. 21, 1966) 1. 03122088 MWBB-0019859 0O C=3 Industrial Hygiene Digest April, 1966 (with penalties for entry refusal), require metering of effluent discharge as the basis for local clean water taxation, require registration of all potential polluters, empower the Government to call abatement conferences on intrastate pollution without the consent of governors, and eliminate six-month intervals between federal abatement actions. -- Chem. Eng. News 44, 29 (Mar. 7, 19 | BOOKS, PAMPHLETS AND NOTICES 1 323 Biological Effects of Asbestos. New York Academy of Sciences. 2 East Sixty-third Street, New York, N. Y. 10021. 766 pp. (December 31, 1965). AVAILABLE FROM: New York Academy of Sciences. PRICE: Not given. This series of papers is the result of a conference held by the New York Academy of Sciences on the same subject (October 19-21, 1964), covering the following general areas: Asbestos Materials in Modern Technology, Lung Tissue and Mineral Matter: Problems of Pathogenesis; Human Exposure to Asbestos: Industrial Populations, Community Studies, Dust Controls and Standards: Clinical Studies of Pulmonary Asbestosis; Asbestos and Neoplasia: Experimental, Epidemiology, and Diffuse Mesothelial Tumors; and Problems and Perspectives. Appendix 1 presents the findings of the working group on Asbestos and Cancer, under the general headings of Epidemiology, Pathology, Physics and Chemistry. It is recommended that the relationship of different types of asbestos and tumorogenesis be studied in exposed populations on an inter national basis; that the importance of dosage (concentration and duration of exposure) be eval uated; and that the question of progression following removalfrom exposure be studied with full consideration of cancer mortality as well as morbidity from asbestosis in populations no longer exposed to the dust. Conversely, all cases of diffuse mesothelial tumors of pleura and peritoneum should be investigated by standardized pathological techniques for presence of asbestos to establish any association with asbestos or other factors. Criteria for pathological diagnosis are discussed. Hyaluronidase is mentioned as being often present in mesothelial tumors and where present is a valuable diagnostic aid, but as it is not invariably found in histochemical and chemical tests in the presence of mesothelioma, it should not be the sole diagnostic criterion. Other diagnostic pitfalls, such as encountered in use of exfoliative cytology and tissue culture are also mentioned. Need for more precisely planned experi mental studies is emphasized and recommendation is made for creation of pathology reference panels to help establish standards for pathological classification. Appendix 2 reviews in detail the status of compensation for dust diseases of the lungs under State Workmens Compen sation laws. The cost of dust diseases is heavy when compared to the cost of all occupational disease, but not in comparison to the total for all accidental injuries and occupational diseases combined. Correction of certain inequities in payment of medical benefits and compensation of workers with occupational diseases is recommended. Appendix 3 presents in tabular form statistics on asbestos production, updating data in the U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular of 1959 to 1962 and data on other countries up to 1963 is present. 324 Official FDA Tolerances. NAC News and Pesticide Review 24^3. 23pp. (February, 1966). AVAILABLE FROM: National Agricultural Chemicals Association, 1155 15th Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20005. PRICE: 25 cents per copy (minimal charge of $1. 00). This issue of NAC News and Pesticide Review is the 12th annual revision of the official FDA tolerance for pesticides, listed by crop categories. Incorporated are all of the changes, additions, or deletions that have been officially announced from the time the Miller Pesticide Residue Amendment was enacted into law in 1954, up to and including December 31, 1965. Also included in this issue are lists of (1) tolerances established under the Food Additives Amendment, (2) common, chemical and/or trade names of pesticides and (3) inert in gredients which are exempt from the requirements of a tolerance. This issue provides a ready (and fairly up to date) reference for those with uses for such information without the necessity of continually referring to the Federal Register from which the list was compiled. Since the Federal Register is, however, the official means of communication for such inform ation, the issue cannot serve in lieu of the Federal Register in cases of error. 03122090 3. HWBB-$019860 HHBB-0019861 Industrial Hygiene Digest April, 1966 Implications for the Future, New Dimensions for Meeting Health Needs and Conference Sum mary. In his concluding remarks, Dr. David D. Rutstein, Professor and Chairman, stated: Almost every discussion during this conference revealed a distressing lack of professional leadership. The most important conclusion of this conference is that the professionals must provide the leadership to make sure that the decisions in closing the gaps of medical care will be based on the firm foundation of science and knowledge. Of course, the pressures of a com plex society and of the public will have their effect on the shape of medical-care legislation, but it is for us to accept the professional responsibility for defining the alternatives and their significance. Such leadership will demand medical statesmanship of high order, directed clearly to the single goal of decreasing disease, disability, and untimely death in the United States. INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL PRACTICE | 328 Periodic Health Examinations Using an Automated Multitest Laboratory, M. F. Collen. J. Am. Med. Assn. 195, 830-833 (March 7, 1966). If periodic health examinations are to be provided to large numbers of people at a reasonable cost, the use of an automated multitest laboratory has several advantages: (1) improved efficiency of service to patients through close integration of many test procedures: (2) im proved efficiency for physicians by providing, with the first office visit, a large amount of information about their patients; (3) improved quality control with automated equipment; (4) improved economy by providing at least four times as many tests for the same cost and at a greater speed; (5) earlier possible detection of a wider range and greater number of unsuspected diseases among apparently healthy people; the concept of health evaluation in addition to disease detection becomes possible by providing the physician with a more comprehensive profile of the individual patient's physiological state; and (6) computer data processing and computational capabilities permit multivariable epidemiologic research heretofore not possible. 329 Trainability of Old Men. A. M. Benestad. Acta Med. Scand. 178, 321-327 (Sept. 1965). Thirteen old men, aged 70-81 years, volunteered in a training program involving treadmill exercise for five to six weeks. The training resulted in a decrease of the heart rate, oxygen uptake relationship. This indicates an improved work efficiency. There was also noted a significant rise in blood volume and total amount of hemoglobin, and a tendency to enlarge ment of cardiac volume. These findings are assumed to be beneficial reactions. They are, together with the reduced heart rate, interpreted as the cause of a greater oxygen pulse and a possible greater stroke volume. Thus the final result is an improved pumping capacity of the heart. The training did not affect the aerobic work capacity. The influence on the mental well-being, however, was a marked response to the training. -- Aerospace Med. Absts. 330 Work Performance Ratings of Former Psychiatric Patients. and R. B. Allison. J. Occ. Med. 8^, 1-4 (Jan. 1966). N. J. Cole, D. R. Shupe, The psychoneurotic group under study in this investigation proved to be indistinguishable from their matched controls in rated work ability; essentially the same respective numbers earned subaverage, average, and superior ratings within a given vocational category. While the schizophrenic subgroup, evaluated on the same basis, showed a greater tendency to earn subaverage work ratings than did their controls, two-thirds of these employees still earned average of superior work ratings. These findings cast doubt on the gloomy outlook held by some people, both mental health professionals and employers, concerning the general employability of any former psychiatric patient. -- Cond. from authors' conclusions. 331 New Data Concerning the Influence of Ethyl Alcohol on Human Visual Thresholds. G. Verriest and D. LaPlasse. Exptl. Eye Res. 4^, 95-101 (June, 1965). Sixteen abstinent and 24 moderately drinking male subjects have been submitted twice to an elaborate and standardized test run, involving measurements of threshold luminance during the course of dark adaptation, during glare in the dark adaptation, during glare in the dark adapted state, and after glare in the dark adapted state, as well as measurements of threshold luminance for ten visual acuities belonging to the scotopic and mesopic ranges, and measure ments of the pupillary diameter under photopic conditions. In every subject of each group one test run was done under control conditions, and the other after an alcohol ingestion giv ing rise to a blood alcohol concentration of about 0. 065%. The great majority of the paired 5. 03122092 NWBB-0019862 Industrial Hygiene Digest April, 1966 in all eight patients with suspected pericardial fluid. Significant pericardial effusion was confirmed by special roentgenographic studies in seven of the eight patients. The echo cardiogram appears to be a simple, innocuous and relatively accurate clinical technic for the detection of pericardial effusion. There are ten references. -- Authors' summary 337 Electronystagmography: Its Clinical Application. J. Farkashidy. Can. Med. Assn. J. ^4_, 368-372 (Feb. 19, 1966). Nystagmus is a phenomenon of considerable physiological significance and one of the most important expressions of vestibular disease. Electronystagmography (ENG) makes possible the exact recording of the eyeball movements and the quantitative assessment of the various parameters of nystagmus, spontaneous or induced, with obvious advantages in the differential diagnosis of neuro-otological disorders. The principles and methods of this procedure are demonstrated and analysis of ENG tracings in illustrative clinical cases is shown. -- Author's abst. 338 Racial Differences in Incidence of Chronic Bronchitis: Preliminary Report, D. Massaro, A. Cusick and S. Katz. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 92, 94 (1965). The incidence of chronic bronchitis in a group of hospitalized male veterans was 34%. Smokers of all ages had a significantly greater incidence of this disease than non-smokers. Increasing age was not nearly as closely associated with an increased incidence of chronic bronchitis as was increased cigarette smoking. Of interest was the greater prevalence of chronic bronchitis in whites than in Negroes. This difference was true for all age groups studied and also for subjects closely matched in smoking habits. Negro non-smokers had significantly less bronchitis than white non-smokers, whereas Negro smokers did not have a higher incidence of the disease. These data suggest, in the population studied, that host factors, race-de pendent, are operative in the etiology of this disease. -- Can. Med. Assn. J. Absts. 339 A Double-Blind Study of the Effectiveness and Specificity of Injection Therapy in Ragweed Hay Fever. F. C. Lowell and W. Franklin. New Engl. J. Med. 273, 675 (1965). From a clinic population of about 500 patients careful selection was made of clear-cut cases of ragweed hay fever. All this group of 24 kept a careful record of symptoms from March until the end of October 1963. Extracts were prepared identical in appearance except that half contained no ragweed. All patients had previously been treated in former years, all believed they were receiving ragweed extract, and personnel giving the injections likewise had no knowledge as to whether or not individual patients were receiving desensitization therapy. From March through July there were no significant differences in symptoms be tween the two groups. With the onset of the ragweed season there was a very distinct and significant improvement in the group receiving ragweed extract as compared with the con trols indicating that the effect of injection therapy with ragweed pollen is a specific one. -- Can. Med. Assn. J. Absts. 340 Pulmonary Function Testing in Geriatric Surgical Patients. E. Rothfeld, et al. Diseases of Chest 47, 20-25 (Jan. 1965). The incidence of serious postoperative complications is higher in geriatric patients than it is in the younger ones. It has been shown that these problems are usually related to pre-existing disorders, rather than to the surgery itself. Pulmonary complications are among the most common postoperative difficulties in this age group. This study dealt with a series of patients over 65 years of age. It demonstrated the superiority of simple pulmonary function testing (using equipment available in most community hospitals, and requiring less than 20 minutes per patient) to clinical and roentgen evaluations in predicting postoperative pulmonary compli cations. --Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. Absts. 341 Nutrition and Palatability with Special References to Obesity, Myocardial Infarction, and Other Diseases of Civilisation. John Yudkin. Lancet 1_, 1336-1338 (June 22, 1963). With the extensive and rapidly increasing knowledge of food technology, it is now possible for the food manufacturer to separate palatability from nutritional value. As a result, man is increasingly exposed to foods of high palatability but of low or undersirable nutrition value. There is evidence that this distortion of the diet plays a part in the increased incidence of obesity and dental caries, and also perhaps in the increased incidence of myocardial infarction, 7. 03122094 S oo t=a Industrial Hygiene Digest____________________________________ 344 Is There a Way of Preventing Arteriosclerosis? G. Hartmann. Schweiz, med. Wochschr. 95, 555 (1965). German. April. 1966 The author outlines a procedure for the evaluation of patients who are high-risk candidates f developing arteriosclerosis, and lays down a plan for the correction of these risk factors. The risk factors which have to be considered are hypertension, hyperlipemia, overweight, smoking, diabetes mellitus, inadequate physical activity, mental stress and a familial histo of the disease. Correction of most of these risk factors will rest with the family physician. Establishing the presence of hyperlipidemia is conveniently done by determination of the beta lipoprotein levels. -- Can. Med. Assn. J. Absts. 345 The Physician's Incompleat Guide to Atherosclerosis. I. H. Page, J. G. Greene, and A. L. Robertson. Ann. Internal Med. 64, 189-203 (Jan. 1966). The authors have attempted to summarize for physicians some current thinking about the causes and proposed treatments for atherosclerosis. After only some 30 years of progres sively increasing interest, solutions to these problems cannot be expected. But enough evi dence has now accumulated to delineate clearly many of the areas requiring intensive study. It appears profitable to think of atherosclerosis as a "disease of regulation" in a person hereditarily conditioned. Its prevention must begin at birth. In a disease so widespread, prophylaxis must take precedence over treatment. The time has come for more extensive and penetrating studies of the cellular elements of the arterial wall, coagulation mechanisms, and experimental control of environmental factors. The heart and blood vessels should be studied in their entirety and not be artificially partitioned according to man-made disciplines. There are 27 references. -- Authors' summary 346 Drug-Induced Liver Disease: A Penalty for Progress. Arch. Internal Med. U5, 128-136 (Feb. 1965). H. Popper, et al. A revised classification of drug-induced hepatic injury is proposed after study of 155 cases. The groups proposed are: (1) poison injury exemplified by carbon tetrachloride; (2) uncompli cated cholestasis, exemplified by anabolic steroids; (3) nonspecific drug hepatitis with or without cholestasis, exemplified by chlorpromazine and PAS; (4) viral hepatitis-like reaction, exemplified by iproniazid and pyrazinamide, (5) drug-induced steatosis, exemplified by tetra cycline, and (6) reactive hepatitis, associated with drug-induced diseases of other organs. Drugs which produce cholestatic jaundice in some persons cause a subicteric injury to the bile secretory apparatus of the liver cells in all persons. It is proposed that a superimposed hypersensitivity reaction to the same drug leading to nonspecific drug hepatitis results in the development of the commonly seen cholestatic drug hepatitis with jaundice. Both nonspecific drug hepatitis and the hepatitic reaction resembling viral hepatitis, possibly represent im munologic injuries. The difference between these two reactions may be only quantitative, and they should be considered as variants of the same group. -- Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. Absts. 347 The Association of Alcohol and Tobacco With Cancer of the Mouth and Pharynx. A. Z. Keller and M. Terris. Am. J. Public Health 55, 1578-1585 (Oct. 1965). A study of 598 cases of cancer of the mouth and pharynx, and an equal number of age-matched controls, admitted to the three Veterans Administration hospitals in New York City from 1953 to 1963, demonstrates that: (1) Cancer of the mouth and pharynx is associated with cirrhosis of the liver. (2) This cancer is associated independently with heavy alcohol con sumption and heavy smoking. (3) A marked deficit in its occurrence is found among Jews. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that both heavy alcohol consumption and heavy smoking are independently and significantly related to cancer of the mouth and pharynx. There are 31 references. -- Authors' summary 348 Smoking Habits, and Disease in Minnesota. Minn. Med. 48, 44-50 (1965). E. C. Hammond, L. Berglund, and Ruth Kaslow. The smoking habits in relation to the physical complaints of 31, 733 Minnesota men aged 40 to 89 are reported. The mortality and hospitalization experience of this group during the first 3 5. 5 months after they were enrolled as subjects in a prospective epidemiological study is presented. The findings are in good agreement with those previously reported in other epidemiological studies. Cigarette smokers report physical complaints'(particularly cough, shortness of breath, and loss of appetite) more frequently than nonsmokers, and have far higher death rates than nonsmokers. Among cigarette smokers, the frequency of physical 9. 03122096 HwiB-0019863 Industrial Hygiene Digest April, 196c NMBB-001986<t 353 Progress in Tetanus Prophylaxis: The Advent of Human Antitoxin. B. J. F. Perey. Can. Med. Assn. J. 94, 437-441 (Feb. 26, 1966). Injections of tetanus antitoxin of animal origin frequently cause serious disability and some times death. Despite worldwide knowledge of these effects, millions of prophylactic injections of equine tetanus antitoxin are given annually, and it is continually proposed that the dosage be increased in order to obtain "higher protective" levels in the serum, a procedure which would increase the incidence and severity of reactions. Furthermore, equine antitoxin frequently fails to prevent tetanus. Tetanus antitoxin of human origin is available which carries no risk, of complications and confers a higher degree of immunity more quickly then equine antitoxin. The cost of treating reactions to horse serum, together with the financial loss incurred by work absence, far outweighs the cost of human antitoxin. In the author's opinion, the use in this country, (Canada) of antitoxin of animal origin is no longer medically acceptable and may well prove legally indefensible. There are 77 references. -- Author's abst. 354 Prevention of Allergic Immunization Reactions. J. Kawchak. J.Occ. Med. 8, 21-23 (Jan. 1966). The procedure of administering oral chlorpheniramine permitted the author to immunize a large number of travelers to foreign countries who had histories of allergy to substances in vaccines. On follow-up, none of these individuals demonstrated any evidence of allergic re action. The 8mg. repeat-action tablet is easily administered just prior to immunization, and for most patients the antihistaminic activity of this one tablet last long enough so that no other administration is required. A review of 95 cases of patients with a history of sensitivity to allergenic substances showed that, with the aid of the prophylactic measure described, all were able to receive recommended immunizations without untoward reactions either to the allergens in the vaccine or to the antihistamine. -- Author's conclusions 355 The Effects of Nitroglycerin and Amyl Nitrite on Arteriolar and Venous Tone in the Human Forearm. D. T. Mason and E. Braunwald. Circulation 32, 755 (1965). In spite of the widespread use of nitroglycerin and amyl nitrite for relieving the pain of angina pectoris, considerable controversy still surrounds the mechanism of action of these two drugs. It has been proposed that they improve the relationship between coronary blood flow and the oxygen requirements of the heart by a direct dilating action on the coronary arteries, or that they diminish the oxygen requirements of the myocardium by diminishing the external work of the heart. Much of the confusion concerning the actions of these drugs has arisen from the assumption that nitroglycerin and amyl nitrite have similar effects. In order to determine whether the peripheral circulatory actions of nitroglycerin and amyl nitrite might play a role in their therapeutic effects, the actions of these drugs on both the resistance and capacitance vessels of the forearm of normal human subjects were determined, and the results of these studies are described in this report. The authors emphasize that, since amyl nitrite and nitroglycerin have directionally opposite effects on the venous bed, the efficacy of both of these drugs in angina pectoris can obviously not be explained by their effects on veins alone. In haled amyl nitrite results in a sudden and marked arteriolar dilatation, and it is probable that the coronary vessels participate in this .response. As a consequence of this arteriolar dila tation, systemic pressure declines markedly, thus also reducing myocardial oxygen require ments. It seems likely that the salutary clincial effects of this drug result from a combination of these two actions. -- Cond. from Can. Med. Assn. J. Absts. 356 Hemodynamic Effects of Nitroglycerin in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease. B. Christensson, T. Karlefors, and H. Westling. Brit. Heart J. 27, 511 (1965). The hemodynamic effects of 0. 5mg. nitroglycerin sublingually were determined at rest and during exercise on a bicycle ergometer with the patient supine or sitting on the bicycle. Ar terial blood pressure, cardiac output and oxygen consumption were measured. At rest the cardiac output and stroke volume decreased after nitroglycerin. A moderate tachycardia and a slight decrease in mean arterial pressure occurred. After nitroglycerin, exercise in the supine position was performed with a lowered cardiac output and stroke volume and a higher calculated arteriovenous oxygen difference. These effects were more pronounced in the sit ting position. In the opinion of the authors, the results obtained give strong support to the view that nitroglycerin may relieve angina pectoris by reducing the work of the heart. Some subjects studied were thus able to perform an exercise which normally caused severe anginal pain, with a cardiac output that was not much different from that at rest when they were free from pain. The reduction of cardiac output must mean that the exercise during nitroglycerin was performed with a high arteriovenous oxygen difference. Nitroglycerin might thus be re garded as a drug that makes the circulatory system more economical as regards flow and pressures. -- Can. Med. Assn. J. Absts. 11 03122098 fel '=1 m O0 C=3 Industrial Hygiene Digest April, 1966 361 Electrical Injuries. W. Mills, Jr. , W. E. Switzer, and J. A. Moncrief. J. Am. Med. Assn. 195, 852-854 (March 7, 1966). Electrical injuries constitute an important, distinctive, but often poorly understood, variety of trauma. In our complex society, and home utilization of electric power, we are continually faced with a significant incidence of electrical accidents, and their morbidity and mortality are high. It has been estimated that approximately 1, 100 electrical fatalities now occur an nually in this country. Most physicians are aware that electrical burns differ from ordinary thermal injuries of other etiologies, but the specific manner in which they are dissimilar is frequently not understood. Electrical burns present certain distinctive pathological and clini cal features, knowledge of which is important for their proper management. The emergency treatment of electrical injuries consists of freeing the victim from the electrical contact, ap propriate precautions being taken by the rescuer to prevent electrical injuries to himself, and cardiac or respiratory resuscitative efforts or both as dictated by the clinical situation. Following emergency therapy and hospitalization, electrical injuries are then managed in es sentially the same manner as are ordinary thermal injuries with the exception of the treatment of the local burn wounds. While most surgeons are in agreement that some form of excisional therapy is the best method of managing the local burn wounds, this is not unanimous, and there is a wide divergence of opinion with reference to the timing of excisional therapy. The authors' current method of treatment of the local burn wounds consists of a first excision per formed between the third and fifth day after the injury, usually followed by one or two ad ditional debridements before all devitalized tissue has been removed and autografting is feasi ble. Cutaneous homografts are frequently employed for temporary coverage after each de- . bridement and prior to final autografting. 362 Effectiveness of Dilute Aqueous Silver Nitrate in the Treatment of Major Burns. W. W. Monafo and G. A. Moyer. Arch. Surg. 91_, 200 (1965). Inanition and bacterial colonization of the wound are two principal causes of mortality from burns. Continuous dressing with 0. 5 silver nitrate has been found to be extraordinarly ef fective in preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria without interfering with either spon taneous epithelialization or the growth of split-thickness skin grafts. The wet dressings simu late baths, and with this technique the authors report that there has been a major decrease in mortality and in contractures. Use of 0. 52 silver nitrate stains everything, but argyria has not occurred and antibiotics appear to be unnecessary. Being hypotonic, the dressings can syphon off extracellular minerals, and dietary supplements are indicated. It is suggested that most burns are second degree and are made third degree by bacterial enzymes. The use of 0. 5% silver nitrate appears to be successful because it prevents this bacterial worsening. -- Can. Med. Assn. J. Absts. 363 Resin Dermatitis in a Car Factory. H. O. Engel and C. D. Calnan. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 23, 62-66 (Jan, 1966). An outbreak of dermatitis in a car assembly factory is described; it affected 50 workers who handled rubber weatherstrips coated with an adhesive. The adhesive was found to contain para-tertiary butyl phenol (PTBP) formaldehyde resin. Of those patch tested 70% gave posi tive reactions to the adhesive and 65% to the resin. Improved methods of handling and per sonal protection succeeded in arresting the occurrence of dermatitis. Barrier creams gave no protection in these circumstances. The episode illustrates the different preventive con trol methods which have to be tried when dealing with a simple skin hazard which cannot be abolished. -- Authors' abst. 364 Vesiculobullous Dermatitis from Tobacco Smoke. F. E. Cormia and P. F. deGara. J. Am. Med. Assn. 193, 141 (1965). Allergic sensitivity to tobacco is veTy rare. A 35-year-old printer with a chronic vesicu lobullous dermatitis observed a marked flare of his dermatitis after smoking 1-1/2 packs of cigarettes. When he stopped smoking, the dermatitis cleared. Several types of tobacco caused flares after smoking, and a skin test with tobacco extract gave a positive wheal and flare reaction. -- Cond. from J. Occ. Med. Absts. 03122100 13. HWBB-0019865 HMBB-0019866 Industrial Hygiene Digest April, 1966 when sulfur dioxide was administered by nose, nasal flow resistance (Rn) was measured by means of a catheter placed in the posterior pharynx. The increase in R1 was greater when sulfur dioxide was administered by mouth than when it was administered by nose. Similarly, irritative symptoms of the posterior pharynx and chest were more common during exposure by mouth. These findings suggest that the mouth is less effective than the nose as an ab sorptive surface for sulfur dioxide. -- Authors' abst. 370 Fecal Excretion of Iron and Tin by Men Fed Stored Canned Foods. D. H. Calloway and J. J. McMullen. ' Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 18, 1-6 (Jan. 1966). Packaged military rations (C ration) were stored at 1C. (33. 8F. ) and 37C. (98. 6 "F. ) for 20 months prior to feeding to human subjects for successive 24-day periods. Storage for an excessive time at the unusually elevated temperature increased the iron and tin content of the ration from 30 to 80 and 200ppm (dry solids), respectively. Fecal excretion accounted for all the tin ingested, and for about 80% of the iron from a control diet and the ration stored at cold temperatures (1 t. ) but only for 54% of the 64 mg. daily intake of iron provided by the ration stored at 37*C. A relationship of iron absorption to marginal pyridoxine intake is suggested. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. References & Reviews 371 Concentration of Lead in Bone in Plumbism. M. P. Westerman and W. N. Jensen. New Engl. J. Med. 273, 1246-1250 (Dec. 2, 1965). Descriptions of lead poisoning include repeated observations that persons or animals with apparently similar exposure may have different degrees of severity of symptoms. The ability to make accurate measurements of lead concentrations in the environment, body tissues and fluids has provided more precise means for examining the relation between the development of symptoms and the exposure to lead. The simple semiquantitative methods for the detection of certain intermediate compounds of porphyrin or heme synthesis that are present in in creased amounts in the tissues or excreta in plumbism indicate biologic abnormality in lead exposure. The differentiation of lead exposure and lead intoxication has been made in clini cal, industrial and legal terms but has not been precisely described in terms of cytologic, biochemical or cell-organelle damage. It seems probable that damage to cells exists with or without overt symptoms or signs of disease. The reasons for the differences in sympto matic, biochemical or cytologic responses observed when human beings or animals are ex posed to lead are still largely unknown. Some of the possibilities are that the degree of ab normality is related to differences in total body lead, to the tissue distribution of lead, to concentrations within certain cells or subcellular organelles or to genetically determined differences in enzymatic or nonenzymatic proteins. Observations were made to describe the distribution of lead in various tissues and to determine whether localization in certain tissues or body fluids might be closely related to the symptomatic, biochemical or cytologic differences. Concentrations of lead in bone, blood, and urine before and after a chelation load were measured in 12 persons exposed to lead in the performance of their work in a bathtub-enamel factory. One of the 12 was studied at regular intervals for more than three years. The observations reported suggest that determinations of lead in the bone marrow may be a useful aid in the evaluation and management of patients with plumbism or exposure to lead. There are 33 references. 372 Chronic Manganism: Preliminary Observations on Glucose Tolerance and Serum Proteins. M. Hassanein, et al. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 23, 67-70 (Jan. 1966). An intravenous glucose tolerance test was carried out in 11 patients with chronic manganese poisoning. Prolonged reactionary hypoglycaemia was observed. The underlying mechanism is discussed. It may be due to a disturbance of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. In seven of these patients total serum proteins were estimated and were separated electro- phoretically. The albumin:globulin ratios were lower in patients than in controls. There were significant reductions in serum albumin concentrations and increases in concentrations of alphaj and beta globulins. -- Authors' abst. 373 The Joint Action of Small Concentrations of Acetone and Phenol in the Atmosphere on Man. U. G. Pogosyan. Gigiena i Sanit. 3j), No. 7, 3-9 (1965). Russian. The paper contains the results of an experimental study on the effect of phenol and acetone jointly present in inhaled air. A study of the reflex effect of micro-concentrations of acetone and phenol on the human body revealed a complete summation of their effects. In a threemonth-long chronic poisoning test, the author observed the general state, the behavior, and 15. 03122102 & oo c=a Industrial Hygiene Digest April, 1966 377 General Immunological Response and Disease Incidence in Workers Exposed to the Action of Carbon Bisulphide. L. M. Kashin. Gigiena i Sanit. ^0, 23-26 (June, 1965). Russian. ^ 00 An attempt was made to determine the effect of small concentrations of carbon disulfide on tl^ immunological reactivity of the body and on morbidity with temporary disability in workers i3 a rayon factory. A drop in general immunilogical reactivity and a rise in morbidity rate wei^ observed in workers exposed to the action of carbon disulfide at concentrations both above anttS below the maximum permissible level (lOmg. /cu.m. ). A relationship was demonstrated be- tween the state of general immunological reactivity and that of morbidity with temporary x; disability; the morbidity rate dropped with a rise of body reactivity. -- Aerospace Med. Absts. 378 Dynamic Investigation of Adrenal Cortex Function in Subjects with Symptoms of Benzol Poisoning. A. Cavalleri and A. Salvadeo. Lavoro Umano 17, 165-171 (April, 1965). Italian. The adrenocortical function was studied in eight patients between 20 and 59 years of age with hematological symptoms of benzene poisoning, and compared with data from an equal number of normal subjects between the same ages. Basal values of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxy- corticoids excreted in the urine were found to be almost identical. The response to exogenous corticotrophin (ACTH) was lower in subjects with symptoms of benzene poisoning, but the difference was not statistically significant. These data indicate that no significant change in adrenocortical function occurs during benzene poisoning. -- Aerospace Med. Absts. 379 Hazards of Insecticide Applications in Quebec. Z. Jegier. Can. J. Public Health 56., 233-238 (June, 1965). A comprehensive two-year study was made commencing in 1962 by the Research Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Air Pollution of the School of Hygiene, University of Montreal, of uses of insecticides throughout Quebec Province with emphasis on occupational health hazards and routes of entry such as oral, respiratory, and dermal in persons applying insecticides by out door and indoor spraying. Although indoor applicators were frequently exposed to above cur rent threshold limit values, the maximum recorded exposure value was but 1.4% of the toxic dose (systox) because of the short duration of the spraying cycle (Durham and Wolfe procedure on dermal LD-q). Carelessness and unfamiliarity with the dangers of toxic materials were encountered throughout the survey. Indoor spraying in greenhouses and cattle barns, and its effect on professional exterminators in various areas, such as restaurants and hospitals that utilized lindane vaporizers were investigated. In outdoor applications, both ground ap plicators and aircraft pilots were surveyed for respiratory and dermal exposures. Respiratory exposures were calculated from: (1) air concentration values and an assumed lung ventilation of 444 liters per hour; and (2) from respiratory filter pad deposits. Dermal exposures were determined by absorbent pad collections (Berkow's method). Mean respiratory exposures to malathion, sevin, parathion, and guthion during air blast spraying were 0. 08, 0. 29, 0. 03 and 0. 26 mg. /hr. , respectively. Pilots' mean respiratory exposure to endrin was calculated as 0. 01 mg. /hr. Only 11% of workers used respirators; 48% had no protection whatsoever. A hospital kitchen test on continuous vaporization of lindane disclosed a threshold limit value of above 0. 78 mg. /cu.m. The necessity of vigilance during application and with regard to chronic rather than acute effects is indicated by the study. There are 11 references. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 380 An Approach to the Separation, Identification, and Determination of at Least Ten Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Raw Agricultural Products, D. F. McCaulley. J. Assn. Offic. Agr. Chemists 48., 659-665 (June, 1965). This paper describes the preliminary developments of a method that permits relatively rapid qualitative determination of residues of a number of common phosphate pesticide compounds. Extraction is followed by vacuum sublimation, gas-liquid chromatography, 'and infrared analy sis. A wide variety of vegetables and fruits can be analyzed by the general procedure. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 381 Sequelae of Acute Organic Phosphate Poisoning. I. R. Tabershaw and W. C. Cooper. J.Occ. Med. 8., 5-20 (Jan. 1966). A group of 235 individuals reported by California physicians as occupationally poisoned by organic phosphate insecticides during 1960 was selected for a study of possible sequelae. Follow-up was carried out three or more years after acute poisoning. Of the 235 individuals, 175 (74%) were located and 117 (50%) were examined. Of the 117 individuals examined, 114 17. 03122104 iQq oo Industrial Hygiene Digest April. 1966 installed, and operating and maintenance expenditures are markedly less. Outlet dust load- qq ing has been measured at 0. 0007 grains per cubic foot. The relationship of gas volume to 'O pressure drop differs by less than 10% from the prediction based on a pilot scale study. It i^JJ the authors' opinion that this baghouse is properly applied to the cleaning of waste gases fronT"1 a single oxygen-lanced open hearth furnace. -- Authors' abst.gSj 386 Byssinosis in the Waste Cotton Industry. I. Dingwall-Fordyce and J.G. O'Sullivan. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 23, 53-57 (Jan. 1966). 00 5^ This paper is of some historical interest. It describes an investigation to determine whether byssinosis occurred among workers in the waste cotton industry. It was undertaken in 1950 at the instigation of the Minister of National Insurance. The materials used in the industry were (1) cotton that had been previously spun, and (2) waste material discarded, during the prepa rations for spinning higher grades of yarn. A proportion of raw cotton was sometimes blend ed with the waste. Twenty-two mills, representative of the industry, were surveyed. All men in these mills, who were over 35 years of age and with at least ten years' exposure to cotton dust, were seen. The investigations included a work history, a clinical examination, an assessment of effort dyspnea, and a chest radiograph. There were 140 men who had never been exposed to any dust hazard other than waste cotton. In this group were found seven (5%) men with disabling byssinosis and 35 (25%) men with lesser degrees of the same disease. There were also 15 (11%) men with bronchitis or emphysema without byssinosis. Thus it was established that byssinosis did occur in the waste cotton industry. Insurance cover, under the National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act, 1946, was subsequently extended to workers in the waste cotton industry. The survey provided no evidence that either the type of waste cotton processed or an admixture of raw cotton played a significant part in the etiology or inci dence of the disease. -- Authors' abst. 387 Discriminant Function Analysis as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Flax Byssinosis. J.D. Merrett. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 23, 58-61 (Jan. 1966). A simple discriminant function in four variates (area of mill, average number of cigarettes currently smoked per day, a complex of dyspnea, cough, and wheezing grades, and occupation) was derived to discriminate between non-byssinotic (grade 0) and byssinotic (grades I and II) preparers. This function diagnosed 14% of non-byssinotics as byssinotic and 35% of the bys- sinotics as non-byssinotic, giving a total misclassification rate (24. 5%) that agreed closely with the theoretically expected rate (26.4%). Similar misclassification rates were found in a randomly selected check sample of preparers. The function did not diagnose accurately preparers with early byssinosis (grade 1/2); 64% of such workers would have been diagnosed as normal. -- Author's abst. 388 Farmer's Lung: A Review. J. Watkins-Pitchford. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 23, 16-23 (Jan. 1966). The disease of farmer's lung is probably as old as the settled agrarian civilizations of temper ate climates and has probably been responsible for serious ill-health through the ages. That it may be a serious disease is beyond question. Staines and Forman (1961) recorded the length of illness in 111 cases; in 44 of these there was more than three months' incapacity, and five patients were still incapacitated after a year. The assessment of the final disability after recovery from the illness showed that, out of 121 cases, 35 were judged to have a moderate or severe disability in following their regular occupations and ten in doing other jobs. Only 51 were judged to have been left with no disability at all. If the "speculative incidence" in the British Isles of about 1, 000 cases a year put forward by these authors is correct, it seems that about 580 persons a year are left with some assessable disability and about 290 of these experience a moderate or severe disability in following their regular occupations. Such esti mates of the total yearly incidence in the British Isles cannot, of course, be used as an indi cation of the number of successful claims that may be expected from the disease being pre scribed under the Industrial Injuries Act. Broadly speaking, persons eligible to claim indus trial injuries benefit are confined to those who are employees, and the evidence so far avail able suggests that a significant proportion of sufferers from farmer's lung are to be found among self-employed persons and their families. The disease normally presents a distinct clinical picture and, with the aid of the history and ancillary investigations, it can be diagnosed in the majority of cases with reasonable certainty. Difficulty may be encountered in those patients who have a chronic nonspecific lung disease of some duration and on which some de gree of pulmonary disability due to farmer's lung becomes superimposed. However, even in these patients it should be possible to recognize the presence of serum precipitins against suitable extracts of moldy hay, and the decision as to how much of the disability should be at tributed to farmer's lung will be assisted by further investigating the distensibility and dif fusing capacity of the lungs. -- Author's conclusions >' 03122106 woioalsaiF HWBB-0019869 @> <SB> 9=3 OO c=a Industrial Hygiene Digest April, 19b samples were taken at 13 points around the quarries. A second survey -was made between June 25 --November 29, 1963. The results of these surveys are presented and are avail able upon request. 394 Certain Immunobiological Shifts in Asbestosis. F. M. Kogan, A. A. Gerasimenko, and G. I. Bunimovich. Gigiena i Sanit. 3_0, 34-40 (May, 1965). Russian. Long-term inhalation of asbestos dust brought about a fall of the immunobiological reactivity of the body and, probably, its allergic responses. There was a most distinct inhibition of the complement titer. The changes of the complement titer preceded the onset of clinical and x-ray symptoms of pneumoconiosis. The study of the immunobiological reactivity of persons' sick with asbestosis, caused by the inhalation of chrysotiie-asbestos and anthophyllite-asbestos, showed that in the first case the reactivity was inhibited to a greater extent. This was noted in the clinical course of asbestosis as well. Persons sick with asbestosis and those working under conditions of high dust content of the air presented lesions peculiar to auto-immunologic disease: rise in the alpha-globulin content and anti-complement activity of the serum. -- APCA Absts. 395 Electron Microscope Studies of Asbestos in Man and Animals. Med. lavoro 5^6, 521-529 (June-July 1965). J. M. G. Davis. In both guinea pig and human lung material the formation of asbestos bodies has been shown to be an intracellular process. The first sign of asbestos body formation is the accumulation of dense granules approximately 60 A in diameter around the asbestos fiber. It is suggested that these granules represent ferritin material. Usually the asbestos body coating consists of a single dense layer of ferritin, but often a whole series of layers of varying density is present. The outermost zone of these bodies often consists of an irregular layer of radially arranged fibrous material but occasionally the whole body coat consists of these fibers which have a diameter of 50-60 A . From the evidence of this study it would appear that the well known segmentation of asbestos bodies can be of two types. In one the segmented appearance is due to the deposition of the body coating in separate globules, and in the other it is due to the splitting of a previously smooth coat. -- APCA Absts. PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT | 396 Recent Findings in the Pathogenesis of Decompression Sickness (Dysbarism). A. T. K. Cockett, R. M. Nakamura, andJ.J. Franks. Surgery 58, 384-389 (Aug. 1965). A recent review of human decompression sickness pointed out that one-third of the reported cases suffered from hemoconcentration. This prompted the authors to document this ap parent loss of plasma volume by measuring intravascular fluid shifts in experimental animals before and after decompression. Mongrel dogs were used as experimental animals. After suitable catheters had been placed in the animals, they were placed in the overcompressiondecompression chamber and were overcompressed to six atmospheres absolute. The increase in barometric pressure was seven pounds (psi)per minute. After a stabilization period of 60 minutes the animals were decompressed at a rate of seven pounds (psi) per minute. The plasma volume decreased from four to 387o up to 5-1/2 hours after removal of seven dogs from the decompression chamber. The role of the bubble formation with progressive reduction in blood pressure is discussed in the slower deaths of ten animals. Bone marrow emboli were found on routine histologic sections of all the animals who were autopsied. Nevertheless, the exact pathophysiologic mechanismof dysbarismremains obscure according to the authors. -- Cond. from Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. Absts. 397 The Effect of Joint Action of Noise and Vibration on the Vibration Sensitivity of Adolescents. A. I. Tsysar. Gigiena i Sanit. 30, No. 6, 30-36 (1965). Russian. The authors studied the effect produced from work with electric and pneumatic instruments on the vibration sensitivity of adolescents and the extent of the noxious effect produced by various parameters of vibration. The adolescents were highly sensitive to the action of noise and vibration factors: a rise in the threshold value of the vibration sensitivity was noted in case of a comparably short service record and a short term of work with the instruments. In the course of a work day, changes of the vibration sensitivity occurred mainly in insignificant and moderate rises of its threshold values, which are evidently connected with changes in the functional state of the vibration analyzer. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 21. 03122108 oo C=3 Industrial Hygiene Digest April, 1966 Conbustimeters, though quite sensitive and accurate, are not specific and suffer considerably, interference from other inflammable vapors. The most versatile methods are those in which the contaminated air is passed at a known rate through a device that quantitatively removes the acetone in such a way that it may later be determined. In a recent investigation, the method suggested by Elkins was tried. In this method, the acetone was adsorbed onto silica gel, then desorbed into water and determined. Since recoveries of acetone were low, the method was reinvestigated and the results showed that activated silica gel is an efficient adsorption medium for sampling acetone vapor. For the determination, the acetone can be completely desorbed with normal sodium hydroxide, but not with water. Complete recovery of acetone can be achieved at atmospheric concentrations up to 4, 000mg. /cu.m. There are 16 references. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. I COMMUNITY AIR HYGIENE j 403 Research in Air Pollution: Current Trends. J.H. Ludwig and B. J. Steigerwald. Am. J. Public Health 55, 1082-1092 (July, 1965). Current research in air pollution is classified by types of research and organizations con ducting and funding this research. The more important problems under investigation are discussed in terms of present efforts and future needs. Principal areas include: medical- biological research, air quality criteria, vehicle emissions research, atmospheric chemistry and physics, meteorology, and control methods research. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 404 Regional Air Pollution Warning System. T.A. Glenn, Jr. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. 16, 22-24 (Jan. 1966). The proposed warning system was developed by the New York-New Jersey Co-operative Com mission on Interstate Air Pollution and has been submitted to the States of New York and New Jersey for their consideration. The Interstate Sanitation Commission will be given the re sponsibility for co-ordinating the monitoring of contaminants and would have the authority to call a watch based on weather forecasts and concentration of contaminants. The Commission would advise the Commissioners of Health of New York and New Jersey of the monitoring in- foimation from all co-operating agencies and the possible need for an alert. The standards used by the states as a basis for calling air pollution alerts are discussed and the action plan ned for each alert level. -- Author's abst. 405 Air Pollution Control. P. W. Hildebrandt. J. Milk Food Technol. 28, 127-130 (April, 1965). This paper reviews early history of associating ''bad" air with suspected diseases. The in crease in urbanization has exposed the fallacy of the limited air concept and calls attention to comparative needs of air -with other life necessities. The national economic loss from air pollution is estimated at $4 to $12 billion annually. The environment of man and his manner and methods of living are discussed as contributors to the present air pollution problems which are complicated and cannot be solved hurriedly. It is pointed out that the cost of neg lect far exceeds control expenditures and that education of the public that air is not unlimited, per usual, is urgent. The most effective program is apparently at the local level. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 406 Measurements of Emissions at Heavy-Duty Boilers for Solid Fuels. W. Thieme. Staub 25, 226-230 (June, 1965). German. Emission measurement of heavy-duty solid-fuel boilers are reported. The dust measuring methods, test conditions, boiler design, and mode of test operations are considered. The results show that the dust emission is a function of boiler load and that it increases with in creasing output. The emitted dust consisted mainly of fly ash and small amounts of coke. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 407 Measuring Non-Steady Flow in Industrial Vents. C.I. Harding, E. R. Hendrickson, and R. S. Sholtes. J. Air Poll. Control Assn. 16, 12-14 (Jan. 1966). Satisfactory methods of measuring non-steady flow in two types of industrial vents have been presented. These have been field tested and found to be workable. The photo-pitot traverse technique should be used primarily for calibration purposes with a single impact tube used for actual sampling work. The nozzle section is light enough that it can be handled whenever 03122110 23. HHBB-00198 [38 oo Industrial Hygiene Digest 412 Sulfur Removal: For Air Pollution Control. T. T. Frankenburg. Mech. Eng. 8_7, 36-41 (Aug. 1965). April, 1966 Sulfur removal from fuel and flue gases is discussed, with emphasis on processes that recove a usable sulfur byproduct. No process appears profitable as yet. Removal of sulfur from coal by use of centrifugal and magnetic forces are discussed. Wet and dry separations from flue gas are considered. Among the separation methods mentioned are gas scrubbing, ad sorption, and catalytic gas-phase oxidation. The author discusses the possibility of remov ing sulfur from both coal and flue gas, so that final effluents meet air pollution standards and overall processes are economical, -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 413 What Does It Cost to Desulfurize Fuel Oil? L.S. Galstaun, et al. Chem. Eng. Progr. ^1_, 49-58 (Sept. 1965). Although sulfur dioxide has long been considered a major air pollutant, only recently has it been recognized as a health hazard in concentrations found in urban atmospheres. Recent statistical studies have shown a strong correlation between atmospheric sulfur pollution and respiratory illness. Investigators in both the United States and England have shown that the buildup of pollution during periods of air stagnation can cause illness and death, especially to the aged and those suffering from chronic impairments of the lungs or heart. The toxicity of sulfur dioxide appears to be increased by the presence of many aerosols found in urban air, and there is evidence that the rate of conversion of sulfur dioxide to the more toxic sul fur trioxide can be high in stack plumes and when dispersed in the atmosphere. The purpose of this study was to establish realistic costs that might result if restrictions were placed on the sulfur content of residual fuel oil manufactured in the United States. The results of an economic study of the cost of producing low sulfur fuel oil are discussed. A linear pro gramming analysis was used to evaluate possible refinery schemes. Manufacture of low sulfur residual fuel oil requires an incentive pricing of 42 cents to 65 cents per barrel above fuel oil produced without sulfur restriction. There are 14 references. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 414 Size Distribution of Sulfur-Containing Compounds in Urban Aerosols. F. L. Ludwig and E. Robinson. J. Colloid Sci. 2, 571-584 (Aug. 1965). Sulfur-compound aerosols in urban atmospheres are considered by some to be significant factors in public health. Particle size may be an important parameter in the effects of these aerosols, i. e. , respiratory effects on guinea pigs of zinc sulfate and zinc ammonium sulfate particles have been shown to be size-dependent. A program was instituted to measure size distributions of particulate sulfur compounds using the Goetz Aerosol Spectrometer, which had been successfully employed in size studies of lead aerosols. Much of the program was devoted to adapting aerosol spectrometer techniques to the specific problem of sulfur-com pound size determinations. Subsequently, size distributions were obtained at two Los Angeles and two northern California locations. An aerosol spectrometer was used to de termine the size distribution of sulfur-containing particulate materials in urban areas of northern and southern California. Based on a limited number of summer daytime samples, a typical Menlo Park size distribution had a mass median diameter of about 0. 3 micron with upper and lower quartiles at about 0. 9 and 0. 1 microns respectively. A typical Pasadena size distribution would be about 0. 1 micron larger. The diameters given are for equivalent unit-density spheres of the same settling velocities as the sampled particles. There are 12 references. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 415 Contamination of a Laboratory Building by Air Filters. M. Blumer. J. Am. Assn. Contamination Control 13, 15 (Sept. 1965). Air filters, impregnated with high boiling phthalates, were found to be the source of air contamination in a marine research laboratory. After moving to a newly constructed build ing, gas chromatographic analyses of hydrocarbons in sea water samples became too com plex and airborne contamination was suspected. When the contaminant was identified and the source of the contamination was located, the laboratory's fresh air filters were replaced with fiber-glass filters, backed with activated carbon filters. A waiting period of seven months was required before the phthalate residues were reduced to a less volatile level. Desorption from walls and ducts or introduction from other parts of the building could account for the remaining contamination. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 03122112 25. HHBB-0019871 m fei m j------u C=3 Industrial Hygiene Digest April, 1966 INDEX Accident(s) on the farm prevention in the cowshed Acetone, determination in air Acetone-phenol in air, joint effect on man Aerosol(s) size distribution of sulfur-containing Air pollutants peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), inhalation of recovery of odor by activated carbon Air pollution contamination of building by air filters control review of early history sulfur removal measurement(s) emissions from heavy duty boilers non-steady flow in industrial vents portable combustion analyzer Proc. Conf. Atmospheric Contamination in Confined Spaces (bk. rev. ) regional warning system research and current trends Alcohol(s) and amphetamine, combined effects on human performance tobacco, association with mouth and pharynx cancers effect on human visual thresholds Alkali burns of the eye Allergy(ies) chlorpheniramine in immunization injection therapy in ragweed hay fever Amphetamine .and alcohol, combined effects on human performance Amyl nitrite effect on arteriolar and venous tone Arteriosclerosis, can it be prevented? Asbestos biological effects of (bk. rev. ) electron microscope studies in man and animals pollution caused by Asbestosis, immunobiological shifts Atherosclerosis physician's incompleat guide to Automobile safety of drivers with chronic disease 416 417 402 373 414 409 411 415 405 412 406 407 408 325 404 403 332 347 331 360 354 339 332 355 344 323 395 393 394 345 418 Benzedrine and alcohol combined effects on human performance 332 Benzene poisoning study of adrenal cortex function 378 Bone calcium levels determination in weightlessness Books 335 bio astronautics and exploration of space 326 biological effects of asbestos 323 closing gaps in availability of health services327 official FDA pesticide tolerances, 1965 324 Proc. Conf. Atmospheric Contamination in Confined Spaces 325 Bronchitis, racial differences in incidence 338 27. Burns electrical, management silver nitrate in treatment Bys sinosis discriminant function analysis as aid to diagnosis in flax workers in waste cotton industry 361 362 387 386 Cancer mouth and pharynx, association with alcohol and tobacco 347 Carbon disulfide effect on immunological reactivity of the body 377 Carbon monoxide ultrastructural effects on rat lung 367 Carbon tetrachloride, poisoning acute renal failure 375 Chorpheniramine in allergic immunization 354 Cowshed, accident prevention in 417 Decompression illness recent findings in pathogenesis Dermatitis, dermatosis(es) charming of warts from tobacco smoke resin in a car factory penicillin hypersensitivity Dust(s) cytotoxicity and fibrogenicity of quartz Dust collector(s) collection glass fabric baghouse Dust counting, determination acoustic particle counter Dust sampling, samplers inertial-type particle separator 396 366 364 363 365 389 385 383 384 Electrical injuries 361 Electronystagmography, clinical application 337 Emphysema, equine centrilobular 357 spontaneous 358 Exhaust gases, automotive engines emissions from carbureted and timed-port fuel injected engines 401 Eye, strong alkali burns 360 Farm safety 416 Farmer's lung, a review 388 Farming accident prevention in the cowshed 417 Filter(s) contamination of building by 415 polyurethane foam for respirable dust 382 Flies and disease 352 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) official pesticide tolerances, through Dec. 31, 1965 (bk. rev. ) 324 Foundry workers, rheumatism in ' 343 Fuel oil, cost of desulfurizing 413 Fungus infection(s) pulmonary aspergillosis 350 03122114 HWBB-0019872 to 0o L------ J C=3 Industrial Hygiene Digest April, X966 ADDRESSES OF JOURNALS ABSTRACTED Acta Allergol. Acta Allergologica Munksgaard N^rregade 6 Copenhagen K, Denmark Arch. Pathol. Archives of Pathology 535 North Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois 60610 Acta Med. Scand. Acta Medica Scandinavica F. O. Box 2052 Stockholm 2, S-weden Arch. Surg. Archives of Surgery 535 North Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois 60610 Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica Munksgaard Nrfrregade 6 Copenhagen K, Denmark Aerospace Med. Aerospace Medicine Washington National Airport Washington, D. C. 20001 Air Eng. Air Engineering Business News Publishing Company 450 West Fort Street Detroit, Michigan 48226 Am. J. ClinNutr. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 11 East 36th Street New York, N. Y. 10016 Am. J. Public Health American Journal of Public Health 883 Broadway Albany, N. Y. 12201 Am. Rev. Resp. Pis. The American Review of Respiratory Diseases National Tuberculosis Association 1790 Broadway New York, N. Y. 10019 Analyst W. Heffer &t Sons, Ltd. Cambridge, England Ann. Internal Med. Annals of Internal Medicine 4200 Pine Street Philadelphia, Pa. 19104 Ann. Occ. Hyg. (London) Annals of Occupational Hygiene British Occupational Hygiene Society London, England Arch. Internal Med, Archives of Internal Medicine 535 North Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois 60610 Arch. Pathol Anato. Physiol. Archiv fuer Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie Springer, Berlin Brit. Heart J. British Heart Journal British Medical Association B.M. A. House Tavistock Square London, WC1, England Brit. J. Ind. Med. British Journal of Industrial Medicine B. M. A. House Tavistock Square London, WC1, England Can. J, Chem. Canadian Journal of Chemistry National Research Council Ottawa 2, Ont. , Canada Can. J. Public Health Canadian Journal of Public Health 150 College Street Toronto 5, Canada Can. Med. Assn. J. The Canadian Medical Association Journal 150 St. George Street Toronto 5, Canada Chem. Eng. News Chemical & Engineering News 1155 Sixteenth Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20036 Chem. Eng. Progr. Chemical Engineering Progress 345 East 47th Street New York, N. Y. 10017 Circulation American Heart Association 44 East 23rd Street New York, N. Y. 10010 Diseases of Chest American College of Chest Physicians 112 East Chestnut Street Chicago, Illinois 60611 Exptl. Eye Res. Experimental Eye Research Academic Press Inc. Ill Fifth Avenue New York, N. Y. 10003 03122116 29. HWBB-0019873