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American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1930
diverter, lowers the dew-point of the mixture, and reduces the tendency of the water vapor to condense.
A chimney for a gas-fired boiler or furnace should be constructed in accordance with the principles applicable to other boilers. Where .the wall forming a smoke flue is made up of less than an 8 in. thickness of brick, concrete or stone, a burnt fire clay flue tile lining should be used. Care should be used that the lengths of flue tile meet properly with no openings at the joints. Cement mortar should be used for the entire chimney.
Table 9. Maximum Capacities of Stacks in Boiler Horsepower for Oil Fuel
Stack Diameter Inches
33 36 39 42 48
54 60 66 72 84
96 108 120
80
161 208 251 295 399
519 657 813 980 1373
1833 2367 3060
Height in Feet Above Boiler Room Floor
90
206 253 303 359 486
634 800 993 1206 1587
2260 2920 3660
100
233 295 343 403 551
720 913 1133 1373 1933
2587 3347 4207
120
270 331 . 399 474 645
847 1073 1333 1620 2293
3087 4000 5040
140
306 363 488 521 713
933 1193 1480 1807 2560
3453 4483 5660
160
315 387 467 557 760
1000 1280 1593 1940 2767
3740 4867 6160
^Figures represent nominal rated horsepower; sizes as given are based on 50 per cent overloads and centrally located stacks, short direct flues and ordinary operating efficiencies..
Correction for altitude may be made according to Table 10.
Table 10. Correction Fagtors for Altitude
Height Above Sea Level Feet
0 1,000 2,000
4,000
6,000 8,000 10,000
Ratio Increase m Diameter
1.000 1.015 1.030 1.063 1.096 1.130 1.165
Ratio Increase in Height
1.000 1.079 1.164 1.356 1.580 1.841 2.144
Table 11 gives the minimum cross-sectional diameters of round chim
neys (in inches) for various amounts of heat supplied to the appliance,
and for various chimney heights. This is in accordance with American
Gas Association recommendations.
,
The flue connections from a gas-fired boiler or furnace to the chimney
should be of a non-corrosive material. In localities where the price of
gas requires the use of highly efficient appliances, the material used for
the flue connection not only should be resistant to the corrosion of water,
but should resist the corrosion of dilute solutions of sulphur trioxide in
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Chapter 14--Chimneys
Table 11. Minimum Round Chimney Diameters for Gas Appliances (Inches)
Height or
Feet
20 40 60 80 100
100
4.50 4.25 4.10 4.00 3.90
Gas Consumption in Thousands or B.t.u. per Hour
200
5.70 5.50 5.35 5.20 5.00
300
6.60 6.40 6.20 6.00 5.90
400
7.30 7.10 6.90 6.70 6.50
500
8.00 7.80 7.60 7.35 7.20
750
9.40 9.15 8.90 8.65 8.40
1000
10.50 10.25 10.00 9.75 9.40
1500
12.35 12.10 11.85 11.50 11.00
2000
13.85 13.55 13.25 12.85 12.40
water. Sheet aluminum, as well as some other materials, seems to serve this purpose very well.
CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS
For general data on the construction of chimneys reference should be made to the Standard Ordinance for Chimney Construction of the National Board of Fire Underwriters. Briefly summarized, these provisions are as follows for heating boilers and furnaces:
The construction, location, height and area of the chimney to which a heating boiler or warm-air furnace is connected affect the operation of the entire heating system. Most residence chimneys are built of brick and may be either lined or unlined, but in either case the walls must be air-tight and there should be only one smoke opening into the chimney. Cleanout, if provided, must be absolutely air-tight when closed.
The walls of brick chimneys shall be not less than 3% in. thick (width of a standard sire brick) and shall be lined with fire-clay flue lining. Fire-clay flue linings shall be manufactured from suitable refractory clay, either natural or compounded, and shall be adapted to withstand high temperatures and the action of flue gases. They shall be of standard commercial thickness, but not less than M in. All fire-clay flue linings shall meet the standard specification of the Eastern Clay Products Association. The flue sections shall be set in special mortar, and shall have the joints struck smooth on the inside. The masonry shall be built around each section of lining as it is placed, and all spaces between masonry and linings shall be completely filled with mortar. No broken flue lining shall be used. Flue lining shall start at least 4 in. below the bottom of smokepipe intakes of flues, and shall be continued the entire heights of the flues and project at least 4 in. above chimney top to allow for a 2 in. projection of lining. The wash or splay shall be formed of a rich cement mortar. To improve the draft the wash surface should be concave wherever practical.
Flue lining may be omitted in brick chimneys, provided the walls of the chimneys are not less than 8 in. thick, and that the inner course shall be a refractory clay brick. All brickwork shall be laid in spread mortar, with all joints push-filled. Exposed joints both inside and outside shall be struck smooth. No plaster lining shall be permitted.
Chimneys shall extend at least 3 ft. above flat roofs and 2 ft. above the ridges of peak roofs when such flat roofs or peaks are within 30 ft. of the chimney. The chimney shall be high enough so that the wind from any direction shall not strike the top of the chimney from an angle above the horizontal. The chimney shall be properly capped with stone, terra cotta, concrete, cast iron, or other approved material; but no such cap or coping shall decrease the flue area.
There shall be but one connection to the flue to which the boiler or furnace smokepipe is attached. The boiler or furnace smoke-pipe shall be thoroughly grouted into the chimney and shall not project beyond the inner surface of the flue lining.
The size or area of flue lining or of brick flue for warm-air furnaces depends on height of chimney and capacity of heating system. For chimneys not less than 35 ft. in height above grate line, the net internal dimensions of lining should be at least 7 x 11H in. for a total leader pipe area up to 790 sq. in. Above 790 and up to 1,000 sq. in. of leader pipe area the lining should be at least 11)4 x 11)4 in. inside. In case of brick flues not
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