Document pBBGkgMYKxnd6zpmxox7bajyD

National Safety News Published monthly in the interest of accident prevention and the health of industrial workers VOL. 32, No. 3 CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1935 Ijiuirviile The 1935 ("<;ngres5 City...................................................................... 11 N. Half-Way Measures in Dust Control--Arthur S. Johnson.............................. 17 Thr driver Has His Troubles--Henry J. Drogas...................................................19 Safety Measure**--7VU\ Osgood.............................. .................. 20 An Aa*uruani Analyzes Safety Savings--Stanley Prmhndgr ............................ 25 Grand Rapids Is Safety Conscious--Curtis Billings...............................................25 Kansas Health Authorities Fight Accidents--Earle G. Brmm. M. D..................... 27 Sieps to Safety--Roy R. Randall.............................................................................29 Cleaning Exterior Walls of Buildings by Sandblasting or Steamblasting-- Industrial Data Sheet D~Gcn. n.......................................................................... 32 Raising the Standards of Industrial Medicine--M. X. Xaequist. M.D.................34 Looking Toward the Congress...................................................................................38 Hrtneniary Safeguarding Is Still Important........ .................................................. 58 And Sudden Death--J. A. Furnas.................................. ................................... 66 Regular Departments Idiu.njl ......................................................................... y Ha- Managing Director's Page .........-.....JO IV Sjfrtv 1`ictungc ......................... 50 industrial Health ........................................... --.54 Ha- bulletin Hoard ............................... .40 Personals ...................................... ......__55 TIw Safety Uhrarr........................... ................... So Tlw Himor Roll ......... .................... ...................fia Canine Event* --........................... Vith ihe Manufacturer ............... ................... The Accident Banmwter ............... kAM..\x T. Fish, Editor Hillings, Associate Editor Stanley H. Kershaw. Poster Editor C. H. Miller, Advertising 3Qinager *' ty National Safety Council. Inc. Printed In C.S.A. Published monthly. *, V*V. ^ '"'HOd-ctas* matter June 1. ISil. at the post Oltlce at Chicago. Jll.. under t&e 1 *( March 3. 1S79. Additional entry at St. Joseph. Jlleh. --------" iT!.,T,,'u*,,,cr'pt,on Pr,ce * member* for extra copies of the NATIONAL RaFKTY NEWS n.... 0 i'#r >cxr- Single copies. <0 cents. Reduced quantity prices (or yearlv auhacrip"** and single copies on request. Subscription* are available only to members of the National Safety Council. Member Audit. Bureau of Circulation, Yhi* niK~axine U Indexed In the Industrial Arts Index. opinions advanced In signed articles are to be understood us individual their author*, not those of the National Safety council. National Safety Council, Inc. ;t'.<,i,l>rruiifr--\>iii'Ci`iiiru<rtiul--Son-PoUtirot --.Vwn-ScrrnrOm; 20 North Wecker Drive, Chicago, U. S. A. New York Office, 9 East 41st Street Office of the Education Division. I Park Ave.. New York Citv National Safety Council Officers, 1934-1935 John . Lono. President Korkrt 1. Catun. Vice-President for l*ublic `foty D. O. Fennell. Vice-President for Publie Relations L*w R. Palme*. Vtce-PmilJeut for Safety Councils Amur S. RU'la. Vice-President for Knclurcrinx C. W, Smith. Vice-President for Indus trial Safely It. T. SoLENSTTN. Vice-President for Xnibrnli.p (Ussics H. Watson. for Health Vi,v.President Aimt W. Whitney. Vice-President for KducatioM William M Worth. Vlre-Prcsidenl for Finance and Treasurer W. II. CAMaaoN. Si-rrrUirj and Malta*itS llirrrtnr ' Executive Committee 2'' Members at Large Thc Aim Ornaui and: A. 1-- tUarMh. Kastman Kodak Co. T. H. Caxrow. Safety Scellon. Anocii* tioo of American lUllruuds 3. E. Cvlukcy. Bethlehem Sleel Corp. Hamt liutwor. The PiiilniAn Co. G. T. Hkllxvtii. Ch oro North Slwrc and Milwaukee l>a Jrnad Co. TkqmaS P. Kc.um. Industrial Commit, tiedi'of Ohio Thomas U. MacDonald. U. S. Bureau of Publle Roads ..... Edward 3. XsHaaN. Portland Cement Association Himu L. Mixn. K. I. duPnol de S*- tasun A Co. fisoacz IL Sanford. tleneral Electric Co. ILajuit A. ScuVlt*. United Stales Sleel Corp. Safety Council Representatives Clarence p, Tayu*. MassoehusetU Safety Council Walter Dent Smith. Delaware Safety Council C. E. Ralston. Wesl-rn I'rnnsylvmiia Safety Ctmncii ' II. 1,, FtNNl.lJ.. Kansas l.itv Solely (hamcit lilMHJtT I. S4II MITT. I.nllUvillc Safety Ouncll It. II. Foams', 1-rhiah Valley Safely i^anril Funkux M. K*kmi.. Kvimitmi Safety Council Sectional Representatives Cast. K. \Y. Fiski. Jr.. Murine F. W. Isaacs'. Wood Product* Huou G. Hottsuk. Street and l!i*h* way Trelfir Muu C. Haul Automotive and Machine Shop I. W. .UltLun*. Accident Prevention \ Equipment Manufacturer* IosTer I). Skymoi-r. Aeronaut ira I J, A. Vou, Metal* f* Pest Presidents | >. ' !l i i r IlMQ? W. (UMrmi. Arthve T. Maar.v law It. Pai-mk* David Van Slmaak* IUlCM C. IlHtMAROS* Cwimi P. Tolman Aknui II. Yocne Marc.v* A. Daw Lawta A. HeRum* Cadi. II. Ai*i:l Cmadlxs R. Scott Waite* (1. Kin Homhi II Nikrz* I.T.^Cnu Hknrv A. l\rx*c*R C. ErcN: Cadi \V, llwuiuc'vr Jamk.s 1. IUNash i n<MUT VVH. oCnaoMrVaMrCyIL.Members iAddociatiok nr Iron A Stiel Fi.rcTiK.At ' F.S(iiv>.>s Tg,yrTgHULra..sa!em ilti ' net ,{ n -;5 m: 4 ..V. II :t :S < -f. ay Measures Control By ARTHUR S. JOHNSON Attistunl In tht Mvttagtr, Engiitctrino Uefwrtnient, Amrritun Mutual Liahtlilu Insttruitre t'.ouii*<uu O CONTROL its dust hazard to Tthe extern of making the occurri'ncf of pneumoconiosis improb- industry must do much more than Dust control is not an event; it is a program that requires concentrated day-to-day attention luiv uuvhanical dust removal equipment .iD'i it going. With Jt there must lx* al to the amount of silica in the air not produce disabling lung pathology, up a routine J* cheek anti double breathed. A new ray of hu{x* lies in yet we are faced with the facts of claims , itrek. fierhaps whole new operating some fairly good evidence that there presumed successfully. Quantity of practices and a sharp definition of re* may be mixed dusts in which such dust dust, rather than quality, was doubtless >jxmstbiliues. This all boils down to as limestone, gypsum, coal, hematite, ` responsible for any ill health. Some day-to-day attention to a program de clay or cement dilute the silica hazard state regulations require dust exhaust signed uj*m a long range health con* and produce less physiological reaction . machinery on sonie operations. We -million policy. Half-way measures un than the silica content operating as pure must, therefore, include for control some related to each other won't work. Xor quartz alone. dusts which bv nature mav not 1*.* harm is this a ''done once, done forever" affair. Dust control is not an event, it is a program that never finishes. A second group of dusts produces somewhat the same clinical picture as silicosis in its early stages, yet the x-ray ful. ' - Our fourth grade of hazard is tuber culosis. Tuberculosis is a diease caused Experts seem to be in rather general of the chest shows the shadows pretty by a germ, and probably more useful agreement about four grades of pneu- much confined to the lymph ducts. The work has been done to control this nhomiusis hazard. First, quartz caus* damage appears not to be so serious as disease than almost any other. From tag real silicosis, a serious solidification silicosis in many ways, particularly in lime immemorial the dusty trades which "> the mass of the lungs by fibrosis or that it is not progressive nor does it pre we now speak of as having a silicosis growth of scar tissue. It takes years to dispose to tuberculosis. The dusts pro hazard were always among the danger :'. i -!;.r:,d, but once started is progres- ducing it certainly should lx* classified sjtots for tulvrculosis. What we now 'i'.v -minion which will not stop and as absorptive and therefore harmful al know is this: that si!uo>is makes a first >.inn..; !>, cured. After ex|*sure of 15. though not in the same category a< class place for tulxarculosis to thrive in *~` '5 years, men in certain trades ac- quartz. There is no question but that and kill the patient off much earlier than mutilate this fibrosis of the lungs which lessened lung capacity results from them would silicosis alone. t )pmioti seems to lessens their capacity for physical lalxir. after long enough exposure but it cer ! that perhaps simple silicosis un It makes them short of breath ami tainly takes more dust and more time to complicated by tulxTCulosis may seldom causes certain well-defined clinical lower capacity for work. Asbestnsls falls l)C fatal, but shortens the working life symptoms. X-rays of their chests show in this group and apparently similar con- of the victim just as angina, arterio `taracieri-iic shadows. A few of these ditions develop from exposure trr* ex sclerosis, and such degenerative diseases men ii- a- a direct result of this condi cesses of many mineral dusts relatively do. tion. luv in free silica content. On the other hand, we may expect Although few of them have their from tuberculosis one of two things: rapacity to work lessened even Inert Ousts first, a man brings tuberculosis, no mat ,n or 20 years, there may I>e actual ter how dormant it may be, into a dusty lunB impairment which predisposes them A third group f mineral dusts may trade, he may reactivate the tuberculosis * tuiterculosis. The cause of this siti- lx* harmless in reasonable quantities. and have his case diagnosed as "aggra f'*1* is silica, as free quartz, not com- Tire result of work by some investigators vated by" the dust: or second, by get nrtofl wiih other elements in the form of which has been published recently indi ting simple silicosis or perhaps other s,lic;mi. I,nt the quartz as found free in cate clay, talc, emery and carborundum pneumoconiosis, and then contracting "tamir. :nw| in its purest natural form as dusts to be inert. In some animal ex- tulwrculosis from tubercular associates Hint :in.| -.Mnimer. The studies made of jwrimemation these dust* did not pro either at work or elsewhere, die of tuber- nt,ny K ,,f siIicoi> and the exposure* duce fibrosis. O.mtrarily, there have eulisi> Mi|H'rimp<ea| cm silicosis. Tulrer- i.uw,d them in the nvk indusMini} grinding industries, fireT^k making, etc., have shown that the k^d is silica and that it is proportion l*en claims for disability from worker?* who alleged that the exposure to these same dusts caused their ailments. Ex perts state that these dusts generally do culosK associated with silicosis docs not resjxmd well to treatment. Regardless of the fact that tuberculosis is an infec tive disease not necessarily occupation 18 al. we must face this fact, that tubercu losis is so often the disabling result of dust exposure, that dust control must include tuberculosis control at the same time. Measuring the Hazard Summarizing, we have three dust haz ards: U) quartz, which produces true silicosis--a progressive, lung-disabling disease; (2) some dusts which produce a pathology which usually is not serious and is not progressive after exposure stops, yet a pneumoconiosis none the less, and (3) some dusts which para doxically are probably relatively harm less. yet have been the claimed basis for tuberculosis ami other disabilities. In the absence of adequate diagnoses, occu pational histories and a more satisfac tory method of adjudicating claims than prosecution at common law. wc must conclude that it is necessary to find a practical methcxl for controlling all min eral dust*. Let us now see whether it is necessary to give them all the same de gree of control. We have learned that the silicosis haz ard is measured by the amount of silica in the air breathed. This means that with but few exceptions it is directly proportional to the amount of dust in the air and the percentage.^ silica that is in the dust. The studiesSwhich have established the safe limit, or tolerance, or threshold limit for continuous expo sure without deleterious effect, have ar*. rived at 5 million particles of quartz dust per cubic foot of air, none ofiwhich dust is larger than 10 micra in size. I think we need to digress for a moment to visualize what is meant bv 3 million particles of dust of such tiny size. We know it is invisible to the naked eve be cause it taka. 15 to 20 times that much to produce a haze, and even that isn't visible as particles of materials. The particles, therefore, are so small as to thwart imagination. As one looks across a dusty room and x.vo tubs d;*t Seating tn the air, settling out rather rapidly, or being blown around by draft currents, he is told that that is not tlus fust we are talking about. The langer lies in such tiny particles that they could be run be tween the hearing and the shaft of a very fine machine and not touch, for a micron is roughly .00004 uf an inch. Five particles of sand, each piece so <man ;s u 1*' onlv .02 >{ an inch <n loading a cubic foot. This means that if it is found necessary to exhaust the dust at its point of origin so that that which gets into the breathing zone of the workers will be 5 or fewer million invisible motes in each foot of space, we haven't begun when we get out only the visible dirt. We are confronted with the astounding fact that the health hazard has not been touched, even though an exhaust is 98 per cent efficient in terms of the weight of dust. If we cannot vis ualize such an invisible hazard, it at least- warns us not to throw together somejin ducts, motors and fans, and call it dust control. Returning to our main theme, let me repeat 5 million particles per cubic foot as the bench mark for quartz dust. Since the hazard is in proportion to quartz, the less quartz the less danger, or con versely. the less quartz the more dust may be permitted. Xow, is there a top limit of dustiness which, regardless of quartz content, might be considered a maximum above which nothing would be safe, and up to which only the inert or so-called "safe" dust might go? It seems to be pretty well agreed among the investigators that there is a top limit and this figure, or second threshold limit, is 100 million particles. In other words, no matter what the dust is, it's dangerous if the concentration is greater than 100 million particles per cubic foot. In between these limits must lie the points of safety which take the propor tion of silica into account. Standards for Dust Tolerance What is the practical answer? A table of dust tolerances such as is contained in some state regulations does well enough, and in them we find a general agreement but with some variation. In principle most such tables show 5 to 20 million particles as the limits where the quartz content of the dust runs from 100 per cent down to 30 nr 35 per cent re spectively. To use these tolerances which hased upon percentages of silica, both chcmicai and petrographic analyses of the dust must be made to get reasonable estimates of the silica. The sampling and analyses are both very dif ficult and expensive. It is doubtful if the settled out dust represents the haz ard, and the raw material certainly does not. Also much evidence indicates that petrographic analyst's of the smaller i> impt\s:iible. It otitis to me that. things by arbitrary standards. 1. Dusk which arc known to be quarts. 50 to 100 per cent, which the sands. and sand stones which are um,| lt)' molding operations, sand blasting opcr.it;..I} abrasive pulverizing, ganisccr brick mixing _0<j other such operations, can well be grouped j,,t a limit of 5 million particles. 2. Dusts which come from the hard f,Kkj used in the building and monumental irad which run* 30 to 50 per cent quartz and tJ* mixed foundry dusts, which started with xo t0 90 per cent quartz in the sand but havt diluted by tremendous quantities of smoke jrkj lime or phosphate parting so that tlx .!u,: breathed is often less than 50 per cent a practical safe limit for them appear- he to million particles. 3. For the whole great range of dust- >Uch as talc or clay or emery, which contain cither no quartz or only a 5 or 8 per cent impurity, for which IOO million particles is a ik-vim... he-exceydvd dead line. 1 doubt tlul *, cm afford to rake dances ami he satisfied ah Control which brings these dusts down oniv t.. 10o million particles. 1 have often suuac-tcd 15 million hut leave been accused *t --;r.c ridiculous because that figure is certair . *,<? tn arithmetical proportion to the situ.. .e tent. Vet. we are faced with this dtleixa j-- supp.se we pick 5o or 6o million paindcs. install a dust control procedure and find m tl* course of a number of years' operation that we still get disabling results. No dust that I know of has actually demonstrated tfu: 15. or 50 tw 100 million residue is sjtisfacrnrr. It may be necessary, therefore, to skip a toler ance for that type of dust except to say that when it is over 100 million it must be reduced. H. "vcr. get the dust down as low ..< reasonably practicable, and 15 millu- uil! hade* reasonable to me. We now understand in general term* * what dusts, how much, and of what sizes constitute health hazards. You ; have a plant In which you suspect a haz ard. Let us examine what can hr dw aixiut it to evaluate your particular ditions. Dust control is so expensi--- y,w should not guess at the hazard. 1: .i,ur dust has a lot of quartz in it. suef. si foundry molding sand, ganister. accrr- gute for fire brick, granite, sand t-"* for tool grinding, etc., there Is a hcal-p I hazard. If you can see the dust. >l"J j know it to be a terrific hazard. If tin*!* j is settlement on ledges there is a hazard You can save yourself the bother of ti'^* j ing out the exact quality of toxicit;. \ proceed at once to put the dust s control. Your problem lies in thr - & j 10 million limit group. \ If. on the other hand, you haw - <:K mixed dusts of low silica content <* doubtful hazard, before buying du> control machinery' you want to fin<U,ul what the hazard is and how much. first thought would he to tak<- J f | r i 48 a reasonable price. There is also a very Dust Control ingenious continuous dust sampling and counting apparatus for keeping a con. (Continued from page iS) tinuous count of the dust in a room un. der exhaust and it can be so arrange*! ns counts, make analyses and rely upon those findings. I have said that I doubt the value of analyses. They may prove to be the only practical methods, but they certainly are noras good criteria as tu know whether the dust is harmful, and some moderate quantities under suspicion may be safe. \\> are, there fore, very anxious from a practical standpoint to determine whether our dust is really dangerous or not. This seems to me to be a tremendously im portant point, for if certain dusts arc be made only by physicians who arc qualified to interpret x-rays and who have training and wide experience in the diagnosis of respiratory ailments. The periodic examination is an indis pensable preventive measure which en ables the physician to detect diseases of the lungs in their early stages and at a tithe when removal of the worker from the-dust offers hope of recovery or im provement. In addition, the repeated routine medical examinations furnish a valuable means of determining the effec to control the ventilating exhaust mechanism, turn on more as needed and turn it off when the satisfactory condi- tions have been reached. This has been designed and built, by Mr. Hazard and Mr. Philip Drinker of Harvard and far as I know, is still a laboratory pitce I see nothing impracticable about it' however, and for a large dust control in. staJlation I would expect it to be as use ful as the automatic carbon monoxide detector and control mechanism in the Holland tunnel. not dangerous, the atmospheres contain tiveness of dust control measures. There are practical dust suppression ing them should not require such clean While it would seem desirable to ex mechanisms-for sand blasting, tumbling, sweeping as though the quartz content amine present employees to discover grinding, mixing, bagging, drilling, abra were there alone. cases with active tuf>ercu!osis, in order sive grinding, dry pan mixing and al Our present knowledge of pneumo to assure proper treatment and prevent most every type of localized oi>er;:tions coniosis is so limited, and especially our their spreading Infection, this procedure generating dusts. They are expensive knowledge of these minor dusts, that we is likely to stic_up claims or misunder unless well-designed. They are lot* <..'ten do not know definitely which are bad standings on the part of the. workmen. ineffective because, as l said before, and which are not. Good medical Such examinations, if made, should be they don't begin to touch the health records of old employees, which records used pnly for rehabilitation purposes. hazard until they have got rid of most would show the incidence of pneumonia, of the dust, which is the best they can tuberculosis, etc., would be helpful. X-ray of employees with 20 years or more exposure would be most useful, but Equipment for Dust Counts do. They war out due to the abrasive action of the dust. They cost a lot of Our problem now is to suppress the money, and the cost usually cannot U- :7b' danger from inexpert diagnosis on dust to a safe limit. That implies its re justified on the grounds of improved the one hand, and misuse of the informa moval at the source by mechanical ex work efficiency or quality of product. tion on the other, makesExamination of haust. That implies counting the dust Occasional installations will lx* self- employees for this purpose something to to begin with in order to have some basis supporting. The Kelly trap on rock be avoided. I urge that more satisfac for designing the equipment, and re drilling has been demonstrated to in tory yardsticks for evaluating this haz counting to know that the equipment is crease the cost per foot drilled but has ard be found, and the recent and current working satisfactorily. The impinger or increased the drilling rate sufficiently toxicity studies hold some hojJe for an standard method is complicated, slow, to offset the cost. Also in the case answer. expensive and poor for routine checking of air-conditioned rooms in which por In the meantime, it is necessary to as although it must be used as a standard celain enamel is sprayed, the expensive sume that all mineral dusts contain for calibration. We, therefore, want a air conditioning system can lx- nuuk* some health hazard and put them all un simple method, one that somebody not to controf the dust and at thi -ut der control, and rely upon the low an industrial health expert can use sat time be made economically by quartz content of the material producing isfactorily. Zeiss Konimeter is a satis reason of an improved quality the dust to locate it in the third or least factory* instrument in the hands of the enameled surface. Xo doubt there an: harmful bracket. U may he well to consider medical ex- am:n;uion< as a dust control measure. It is recommended that new employees for dusty places found physically fit in man who has had some training. The in strument is imported, is rather difficult tojjbtain. and not too expensive, under 5200, 1 believe. Another instrument is the Owens Jet many installations which have already demonstrated economy from other con siderations than improvement to health The point I wish to make is that th* improvement to health is too important order to avuid introducing men whose which has been modified by Mr. Hatch to waste time trying to justify du>t y * condition makes them liable to an early of Harvard and Mr. Thompson associ haust equipment upon economic ' IC*' break dwn on account of defects or ated with me in the American Mutual to erations. Where operations are spr*-1. diseases already present, or who may in make its operation simpler and more sat out over a great area, as in the case 01 fect others by spreading disease. isfactory. This apparatus was built foundries, it is difficult to avoid raisin Proper diagnosis of such physical con specifically for use in checking the dust dust in the shakeout operation.except ditions can only be accomplished by control apparatus in a large granite expensive mechanical installations- having a medical examination with x* shed, and is entirely satisfactory, t'p to of those which have come to my atten rays of the chest, including as complete ihc present time I do not know that any tion have been installed for the eiunonw ,i mr'br.d ;im! employment history ol instrumen* maker has undertaken to purpose of $nnd handling and in ,m !*. '-i;nrd. 1 * : - :u r:;:tfil. i*ni trlnnly ; lit'inand such cases vvrn* far from ,,U- ;*... ................. v Hu* sum iwmiagt- all rigiu Uu liu-y do not touch the micrograms. Let us now look* further to see whether sonic other remedies will be satisfactory. Suppose we leave the hazard alone and put respirators on the men. It won't work, except for very short periods or for emergency work, such as cleaning nui dust arresters or loading tumbling barrels. There should be no question efficient respirators because the \:ts*d States .Bureau cf Mines is now prepared to make tests and an employer ran justifiably limit his purchase to res pirators which meet these tests. Even though respirators may be efficient, they arc uncomfortable, and while it is not a j Oorrttiutf IMS tabled sm* - hardship for a man to wear a respirator j temporarily, or even for a week perhaps j during t period of breakdown in the dust j Happy Feet exlifiM system, I cannot conceive of I workmen remaining contented if they j have to wear respirators continuously It lun> often i>ccn said that a man is for a long period. If they need to wear no Jletter than his feet. Mangled, them and don't wear them properly they bruised, broken or smashed foes might just as well not have them on at and feet not only take a man off * ail. the job, but cost real money in In operations which can be confined compensation, medical and other to n limited space, such as sand blasting direct and indirect costs. In ad ami perhaps shaking out some types of castings, the workers can be~enta"-d in heimets provided with an adequate sup ply of clean air. The air-line helmet is dition such injuries reduce the morale of fellow workmen and slow down production. {radical for continuous use. while a You can protect your workers* filter respirator is practical for only feet by insisting they wear Lehigh limited periods. If the dust is extremely it heavy, say 300 million particles of Safety Shoes with the improved (juartz. and a respirator is 98 per cent steel box safety toe. Their feet will riTwiem. the worker is still breathing six be happy feet, protected agaiitM niiili.'i' particles, which is too much. injury and further--!<chigh Shoe?, Think respirators preferably to sup are built for comfort, durability plement exhaust systems. and appearance. EVERY-DAY WORK SHOES No. i)9 -- Black Elk Blacker, Leather Sole and Rubber Heel. No. WJ --Ai Above, Except Chrome Leather Middle Sole, Army Grid Rubber Sole and Rub ber Heel. What else can we do to get rid of the Sixes 3-12 EE dust hazard? The first to suggest itself is to get rid of the silica content in the LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE GO.dust. I know of one group of foundries which is conducting extensive research involving the use of molding sands that 31 S. SEVENTH ST. ALLENTOWN, PA. are free nf quartz. That may prove to be thoroughly practical and is a step in the FERALUNdsht direction. Any plant can study its I operations to see whether the quartz ma jfinthSiip Treadsii terial that is being used can be elimiftated. Castings in some cases can be Also ftrunzalun. Alumnlmt and A'icalun { leaned with water. Blasting can be PREVENT ACCIDENTS done frequently with steel grit instead of ON STAIRS and FLOORS tt *and. Certainly foundries can use silica- A hard metal matrix into which is can an abrasive next in f free parting compound that is just as hardness to the diamond assures durability and anti-dip efficiency. Kf'l a> quartz dust. Silica packing ALL ARE FIREPROOF should I *. replaced in annealing opera Originator* and developers of Abrasive metals for tions. Pulverized quartz is not needed an abrasive. This is one avenue of control which should have thorough study in each individual case. Even though you get rid of quartz SAFE WALKWAYS Specify Fcralun and Hr Surr AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS CO. Irvington, New Jersey SEPTP\ft>rt? tnoe 1- JV* *3 t t; X| i. ii . '!I I* * CRO-COKD W R/fH'-CORD soles and hftlt are used in dairies, iron and steel foundries, railroad shops, auto factories, gat and electrie plants, ice and fuel stations, stone quarries, mines, general warehouses -- where Safety is an important factor. Flexibility and tut in walking. 8 NON-SLIP adds confidence and efficiency to the wearer. 10.9. GRO-CORDS and RAWCORDS guard against lost time * accidents from slipping. Safe workers are efficient work ers and are in demand. Now '-before you have an accident is the time to purchase shoes that have GROCORD or RAW-CORD soles and heels on them. Your work will be more pleasant because of this added safety. ^ our exltlbfc-'at 2<th Annual Safety Congress and Exposition uooth NO. le.'fer-jwn Hotel. Louisville. Ky.. October J4-1S. 1935. The Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co*, Dept* 7-F, Lima, 0. Frfly Pm*et4 Sr Psuaw--Lsr UtrfBemeat WHl Be Pr--cate Rubberized Fabric Link Mat This Non-slip Safety Mat is especially designed for industrial use where there is a slip hazard. In addition, they increase the workers' efficiency as they reduce fatigue brought on by stand ing on concrete, brick, tile or hard flooring, ideal for placing in front of machines and where wet conditions exist. Heavy galvanized wire with cadmium plated clips and plates are used to prevent rust. Furnished in sizes to meet your require ments. Low in cost and long wearing. Write today for prices and complete information. THE BUXBAUM COMPANY Akron, Okio but cannot get rid of all dust, see wb4 you can do about getting rid of excess^ of it by conducting operations in such a manner as to minimize the raising C( dust. Explore your process, for instance and see how much residual dust lies oo the horizontal beams, ledges, etc. in some plants that have not been cleaned for a long time this dust has been found to lie at the angle of repose and the vi. bration of a passing truck would liberate enough dust in the air to be of itself a serious hazard. This can be got rid oi by a thoroughly practical means, as vacuum cleaning or blowing down with a jet of wet air or steam. Respi. rators are satisfactory for the protection of men doing the cleaning. There is an economic value in this item. It has been reported by some plants which have improved their housekeeping by this method and have gone a step farther and brightened up their factory rooms with paint and adequate lighting that other accidents have ]* reduced and work efficiently increased. Certainly an extremely dusty place indi cates sloppy housekeeping. Housecleaaing must be put on a periodic routine. Dry processes will sometimes admit of being changed to wet processes, or dan? processes.-- While dampness will not by dust, moisture in the process will pre vent the generation of dust in maay cases. Care must be exercised in inter preting this suggestion because water oc a high speed grinding wheel does not prevent the dust. One of the most seri ous silica health hazards is wet grinding on natural sand stone wheels. The inci dence to tuberculosis is high. Water oo artificial emery and carborundum wheel* may or may not be beneficial. It is pet* mitted in lieu of dust exhaust in at lea> one state, but we are faced with opinion that these dusts are iuinnka anyway, unless the volume is high. I;s worth depends upon getting the well below IX million particles. Having done all the housekeeping ** process improvement that can be devisd in lieu of exhaust, we are cunfroni^with the question of whether there ^ remains dust in sufficient quanu'\ ,r0= some processes to make it nece^'O'1,1 remove it by mechanical exhaust. Du* counts will tell the answer. Hand `H*** ' tions, such as molding, can be without raising much dust. Most n*` chanical operations which use or gcfc ate dust must be exhausted. It seems lfl; evitable that exhaust be used slingers. rock crushers, dry pans. -tc- j Assuming that we have nut fK  itsti.'* Uui wcjl signed, wlut must be done lo make it work? I have jaid that they wear out. You must put dust counts on a routine basis as a check 0{ vJ. Iciency of the system. Whether you use the Zeiss or the Owens' or the imptoger doesn't matter. The system must be explored constantly for leaks, the dust traps must be cleaned regularly, and the dust disposed of so that it won't y,,* back into the building. If the de sign contemplates returning the deaned I air to the building, extremely careful checking of it must be done in order that the hazard may not be compounded. It is poor practice to return the air to the building because operation is so often badly maintained. Who is responsible for a dust control program? The owners, through the man agement. are responsible for the provi sion of the equipment and the proper engineering to produce it. They have to spend the money and it is management's responsibility to see that it is spent properly. The initiative and the engi neering necessary to control the dust rest entirely with the management. It is not a hazard which can be controlled'by* efficient supervision and safe practices alette. The supervisory department is re sponsible for the housekeeping, safe practices and shop methods. Some as signed members of the supervisory de partment are responsible for the main tenance and operation of the dust re moval equipment and for the dust founts used as a check on the system. If there ever was a nice machine re quiring constant tuning, it is a dust re moval system. It won't work without this attentioo. The workers carry a responsibility too. They must use the safeguards pro vided. whether they be respirators or Potable hoods to place behind hand tool?. They must not stuff bags into ducts t< stop drafts. Dust control is a cooperative thing--each division carry"g its share of responsibility. Nobody can avoid his responsibility and make thing work. Out of the Way Places Wh$n you ma1k* e your next plant inspection, be sure to notice those more or less out-of-theway drive belts, motors, shafting or other equipment that should be guarded, but that have been neglected.due to their location. It is a good policy to'protect every hazard even though the chance of accident is seemingly small. It is real economy to protect your workers from possible injury and it is Safety Guard -Economy when you do so with H St K Guard Accessories. They are furnished ready for easy and quick assembly by your handy man in his spare time. All H&K Guard Acccssorics are under inspec tion service of Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. Harrinqton & \Qnq Perforating I *Co. 114 Liberty St. NEW YORK. N. Y. 5645 Fillmore St. CHICAGO, ILL. USE a UNION or COLUMBIA CARBOY INCUNATOR for the SAFE and EASY way to pour acids and chemicals from carboys or small and medium size drums. A Correction A tried - and proved device attractively priced. Sold on money-hack guarantee. Through an error in the caption ac companying the illustration on page 11 ^ the August National Safety News. \ Alfred p Sloan. Jr., president of Gen- j ^ Motors Corporation, was referred 0 vice-president of the corporation. SEPTEMBER, 1935 Send for a completely illus trated and descriptive bulle tin giving lull particulars and prices. THE INCLINATOR COMPANT-p.o. box sm-mikheapoui, mikn.