Document pB70pEb40a0pZN2k0qkQ8v1BX

SCF-ALLF-00375 GG In Re: All Asb. Lit. 391 OF 495 iti nc /.cn In Re: All Asb. Lit. 392 OF 495 O' K. U . Contents Connell Officer* and Director*. 4 Council Purpotet and Policies. 9. Annual Meeting of Member*.. II Annual Banquet............ Subject Session*-- ' ?lO Exhaust fSystems. Fire Prevention.. 37 S3 . Industrial Health--American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons.................................... 61 Industrial 'Nursing............................................................ 69 Industrial Safety Lectures................................................... 79 Injured Worker, The........................................................... 99 Maintaining Interest In Safety............................... i: Occupational Diseases................................................... 117 Safety Belts ............................................. ..................... 127 t 8afety Equipment ..........................................;............ 141 Safety Exchange .......................................................... 151 Safety Fundamentals for Beginners......................... 159 . Safety Training _............................................................ 171 . ' Aeronautical ,8ectlon............................................................. 181 t> A. B. 8. E<--Engineering 8ect!on............................. . 191 Autontotlvs and Machine Shop 8ectlon.................. *......... 197.- Cement Section..................................................................... i Chemical Section................................................................. 205 223 Construction Section...................... ................,.................. 241 Food Section................................................ ................... . 253 Marine Section.....................'.....................................'.......... 269-'- Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather Industries Section Metals Section......................................................... tar* Mining iSectlon...........!....:................................ 319 Paper and Pulp'Secdon............................... - 347 Petroleum Section..............................:......... Power Press Section......... Public Utilities Section.... 361 395 O `405 Quarry Section................... . 425 Refrigeration Section......... Rubber Section................. . Safety Equipment Section. . 443 . 461 . 483 Steam Railroad Meeting.. . 489 Textile Seet^#**............... . 501 Transit Section................... 503 Wood Products Section... . 517 Index ................................ . In Re: All Asb. Lit. 393 OF 495 R7F. nF ARfl o National Safety Council, Inc. HONORARY MEMBERS AssocjationQjp^Irok Mia Steel Electrical Engineers s\ Robert W. Campbell * ' *" , Arthur Williams Lew R. Palmer . " OFFICERS (1936:1937) x Da. C H. Watson,' r^jident / -* D. D. Fennell, Vice-President for Public -Relations Da. Hast E. Fishes, Vice-President for Health . John B. Gibson, Vice-President for Community Safety Councils . Hon. Harold*G. Hoffman, Vice-President for Public Safety Albert S. Regula, Vice-President for Engineering . A. V. Rohweder, Vice-President for Industrial Safety ' R. T. S6lensten, Vice-President for Membership Albert W. Wnifitar, Vice-PresidentCfor Education W. E. Worth, Vice-President, for Finance and Treasurer. W. H. Cameron, Secretary and Managing Director "* o executive committee ,(1936-1937) . - George J. Adams, Paper and Pulp Section . C M. Allen, Metals Section ~ C B. Atm, Past President * J. I. Banasii, Past President' ' C. W. '-BEflOQUiar.- Past President - Harold S. BuTTENHEiu/The American Gty Magazine W. H. CamerOn, National Safety Council, Inc. Robert W. Campbell, P.ast President . Robert I. Catun, Aetna' Casualty & Surety Company Lewis A. DeBlois, Past President ' G W. Demfesy, Food Section Marcus A. Dow, Past President D. D. Fennell, Consulting Engineer Dr. HXrt E. Fisher, Chicago Rapid Transit Company R. B. Fortuin, vLehigh Valley Safety Councit C. W. Gibbs, Mining Section . John B. Gibson, Western Electric Company Harry Guilbert, The Pullman Company Hon, Harold G. Hoffman, Governor.of New Jersey T7K- nc /.cn In Re: All Asb. Lit 394 OF 495 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued E. C. Holden, Jil, Marine Section '. ^ Harry J. Kelley, Wood Products Section Walter G. King, Past President Wn. C Knoelx, Milwaukee Safety Commission John E. Lonq, Past President! o ` Tiios. H. MacDonald, United Slates Department of Agriculture E. J. Meiiren, Portland Cement Association ' * r. . W. J. Melville, Chippewa County Safety Council .. t I. W. Millard, Industrial Gloves Corporation J . Harold L.'Miner, E. I. du Pont de' Nemours & Company E. J. O'Brien, Jr., Louisville Safety Council Lew R. Palmer, Past President C. E. Pettibone, Past President . I 'Albert S. Regula, Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc. Lt. Col. Henry A. Reminder, Past President A. V. Robweder, Duluth, Missabe & Northern Railway Company D. L. Royer, ASSE-Engineering Section George E. Sanford, General Electric Company Cn arles B. Scott, Past President ' Carl L. Smith, Cleveland Safety Council C. W. Smith. Standard Oil Company (Indiana) . Walter Dent Smith, Delaware Safety Council R. T. Solensten, Elliott Service Company C. P. Tolman, Past President- .. George G. Traver, Chicago Safely Council .' Robert R. Wallace, Worcester Safety Council . ^ Dr. G H. Watson, American Telephone & Telegraph Company * A. W. Whitney, National Bureau of Casualty & Surety Underwriters W. E Worth, International Harvester Company \ Arthur H. Youno, Past President ' . i. DIRECTORS (1936-1937) - George J. Adams, Paper & Pulp Section _ C. M. Allen, Metals Section ` : '' Nelson R. Anderson, Seattle Traffic & Safety Council Frederick Archer, Child Education Section A. L. Armstrong, Chemical Section . J. I. Banasii, Consulting Engineer . John J. Barada, Publip Utilities Section Ernest W. Beck, United States Rubber Products, Inc. -GW. Bercquist, Western Electric Co. David S. Beyer, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. Clifford M. Bishop, Brooklyn Safety Council ' __ *' . ' ^ ' 9 ;" In Re: All Asb. Lit. 395 OF 495 ;T77 np ARfl v-y . OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued E F. Blank, Jones & Laughlm Steel Corp. C F. BorxeNjHagen, Kenosha Safety Council S. D^Bottd, York Coui\ty Safety Council: Al W.- Breeland, Petroleum Section _ F. S. Brown, Standard Occident Insurance Co. S. W. Burchiel, Automobile Qub of Rhode Island ' Harou S. BUttznhexu, The-American-City Magazine Pzestom D. CauAjm, Baltimore Safety Council ^ W; H. Camesow. .National Safety Council Robest L.Catun, Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. M. A. Q-ark, Automotive and Machine Shop Section H. Herbert CoRson, .Safety Department, Nashville Chamber of Com merce _ Frank Emery Cox^Berkeley Traffic Safety Commission* . ftoBEar W. Crowther, Spridgfield, Massachusetts Safety Council J, E CuLIiney, Bethldiem Steel Co.. Lfcwis A. DeBlois, Consulting. Engineer ' lay E Decker, Mason City. Safety Council C. W. Dempesy, Food .Section James B. Douglas, Philadelphia Gaj( Works Co. Da. Lbuis I. Dublin, Metropolitan Xllfe InsuratJf<^Jft>. D. D^ Fennell, Consulting (Engineer (_J ) Donald A. F^nkbeiner, Toledo Safety Counch~-~''/ *Da. Hart E FiSHER/Chicago Rapid Transit Co. Howard B. Fonda, Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U. S. A.) Inc. Wiluau Forsyth, Superior, Wisconsin Safety Council R. B. Fortuin, Lehigh.Valley Safety Council Alemanper Foster Jl, Quarry Section C W. Gibbs, Mining Section . John B. Gibson, Western Electric Co. * Harry GuIujert, The1 Pullman Co.. (. . /`^rTT'l Isaiah Halev The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Cor--- ' Major Boluno H^Handy, Richmond Safety Council D. T. Harrington, U. S. ^Bureau of Mines . E C Haven, "Vehicle Fleet Section ' G. *f? HellmUth, Chicago, North Shore & Milwaukee R. R. Co. has E.Hill, New York Central Lines Hon. Harold G. Hoffman, Governor-of New Jersey _.E C-Holden, Jr., Marine Section : 'Frederick B, Hunt, Cement Section . P. G. Hunter, Power Press Section * ' Morris E Hurley, Eastbay Safety Council Major -Norman A. Imbie, Columbus Safety Council .Edwin A. Kayser, St. Louis Safety Council Thomas P. Kearns,' Industrial Commission o( Ohio . o O' In Re: All Asb. Lit. 396 OF 495 378 OF 4BD OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued O K. T. Keller, Detroit Industrial Safety Council <J Harry J. Knur, Wood Products Section ' Thos. L. Km.tr, Paterson Safety Council J. M. Kcuuoaw, Rubber Section Wu. C Kwon.se, Street & Highway Traffic Section C L. LaFountaine, Great Northern Railway Co. A. H. Lauer, Madison County Safety Council J. . Long, The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Corporation W. R. Loro, Safety Div. 'Birmingham Chamber of Corjimer L. T. McArthur, Peoria, .Ilfinoii Safety Council Thos. H. MacDonald, United Stales Department! of/Agriculture. Miller McCusmxpc, Traffic Audit Bureau . T. H. McKeknet, Retired ' F. W. Matson, Minnesota Safety Council James R. Mays, Elisabeth Safety Council - E. J. Mehbem, Portland Cement Association ^ ' W. J, Melville, Chippewa 'County Safety Council i 1. W. Millard, Industrial .Gloves Corporation ' E. M. Miller, Employees Publication Section . JameT K. Miy.tR,, Grand Rapids Safety .Council ' " ^ ** Harold L. Mines, E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co. *O R. B. Mobley, Industrial Accident Prevention Association ' Ebnest Murphy, Albany Sifety Council E. J. O'Bbien, Jr., Louisville Safety Council Gbobce C A, Off, The Detroit Edison Co. Geo. Often iiei mes, Kansas City Safety Council ' `Lew R. Palmer, The Equitable Life* Assurance'Society of. the United States . ' o . . - Wilson Palmer, Meat Packing, Tanning & Leather Industries Sec-? tion , ' <' A. E Parker, Transit Section . * David A. Patton, Newark Safety Council , f/ < Mu. G. M. Pelton, Evanston Safety Council - _. Charles W. Penoock, Safety Division, Milwaukee Assn, of Com merce . C. E Pettibone, American Mutual LiabUityJtayuaiutc.'Co. Gen. Gcorse B. PiiLSBuar.^nitc4.T>tates Engineer Office Arthur Pottertoh, Hudsdn 'County Safety Council , j Albert S. Reoula, Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc. '* .o Lt. Col. Henry .A. Reninozb, Lehigh Portland Cement Co. A. V. Rohweder, Duluth, Mlssabe & Northern Railway Co. D. L. Rom, ASSE-Englneering Section ' G. E. Sanford, General Electric Co. ' Henry C. Sen Amro, Erie Safety Council Karl G. Sciiotmin, Rahway Safety Council nl In Re: All Asb. Lit. 397 OF 495 T7fl':np; ARn `V. OFFICERS AND DIBECTORS, Continued Harry. A. Schultz, United Statu Steel Corp. O' Earl S. Shartzer, Utica Safety Council Gen. John H. Sherburne, Massachusetts Safety Council Dr..L. A. Siioudy, Bethlehem Steel Co. Ernest L. Si monos, New Haven Safety Council . Carl L. Sumi, Geveland Safety'Coundl C. W. Smith, Standard Ojl Co. (Ind.) ( . Eowin C Smith, Blackstone Valley Safety Cohncil Walter Dent Smith, Delaware Safety Council * W. A. SH'ow, Construction Section R. T. Solensten, Elliott Service Co. P. Earl Spitzer, Contra Costa County Safety Council , E. C. Spring, Lansdale, Pa. % George R. Stephens, Safety Bureau, Buffalo Chamber of Commerce* Arthur M. Tone, Consulting Marine Engineer Harold M. Toombs, Refrigeration Section Geo. G. Traver, 'Chicago Safety Council W. W. Trench, Schene&dy Safety Council W. D. Turbeville, Sait Antonio Safety Council Robert R. Wallace, Worcester^Safety Council Dr. C. H. Watson, American Telephone & Telegraph Co. Harry M. Webber, Retired E. T. Whiter, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council S. E. Whiting, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. . A. W. Whitney, National Bureau of Casualty & Surety Underwriters T. A. Willson, Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers** Sec tion . T. A. Wilson, Textile-Section ' W. H. Winans, Union Carbide & Carbon Corporation * E. W. Wirth, Rochester* Safety Council * * . ' _ Harry Wi$e) Sr., Chattanooga Safety Council *' J. M. W6ltz, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co.* . W. W. Wood, Steam Railroad Section ' .. W. E. Worth, International Harvester Co. . ' E. J. Zauftv Safety Bureau, Duluth Chamber of Commerce Earl W. Zimmerman, Safety Div. Syracuse Chamber of Commerce G. L. Zwick, St. Joseph Safety Council . In Re: All Asb. Lit. 398 OF 495 v. *?on nc /.on V iniiig Interest in Saiety r> WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION . '. ' -v : October 7, 1936 _ o O ^The causes of lagging interest In a safety program and the. means of reviving this Interest were discussed, in "the .session on Maintaining Interest In Safety, which was held Wednesday afternoon, October 7. ' 1 C. B,. Boulet,- Personnel 'Director/ Wisconsin Public Service Corp* Milwaukee, was chairman (of the .panel discussion. . . Panel participants were- E. W.' Beck'. Supervisor of Safety, U. S. Rubber Prod ucts, Inc* New York-City; Roy-S. Bonstb, Chief Safety Inspector, Standard Oil Co. Slew Jersey),*.New York City: Clayton BraUz, Personnel .Director, Marathon Paper Ills Co* Rothschild, Wis.; W. T. Filmef, Supervisor of .Safety, Youngstown Sheet and Tube-.Co., Youngstown, Ohio: G. A. Kuechenrpelster. Personnel Manager. Do minion Forge and! Stamping Co.,-Walkervllle,-..Opt,,''Canada; T. E. Lighlfoot, Engr. In Charge of Accident Prevention dnd Compensation, Koppers Coal Co., Pittsburgh: G. E. Sanford, General Electric Co., -Sdheneetadyi "N, Y.; a'nd H. F. Webb,' General Safety Director, West Penn System, Pittsburgh- * o Chairman Boulet: It is easy to start a safety program. With the blare of bands and the flag waving*^everyone is 'tem porarily interested, arid usually accident frequency will take a sharp drop. How ever,, after you have had a program for several years' everyone taxes it for . granted, and the interest drops. Imme diately your frequency goes up. For this reason It is vitally important to find ways to maintain interest.' - ' ' But first we must find out what causes tack of Interest . , . man; but I disagree on the'small plant. I don't see how you can have it .' _ Mr. Titus (National Lock Washer, Newark, Ohio): seems to me that If' you take bp .these problems with the safety man, and he is not much interested in them because'he has a lot of produc tion work to do, he-just slips up on the job. ` ' ' Mr; Braa& If your management is thoroughly sold on safety, whether youf safety director is part-time or not, ybtfr program will be 'successful. I amjaying A. H. Nielan (Crown "Cork & Seal, the blame- for a let-down, inr tfieUfety Baltimore):- Is it possible that a let-down program In management's lap entirely. is due to a part-time safety director? You metj^nrobalQy^iave had.waste to Mr* Lightfoot: Yes. A safety director's conte}ndd^^Ufni in tnefftst, and your wastes Job Is an atl-tinje Job. I feci that If yo_u_have .{Been overcome by action 'through have'a'part-tfm'riifety directorryou can ' yur. management Accidents are'merely took for n let-down., There may be ai another form of waste, and when yqur exceptional case of an unusual industry, management lays some emphasis ,oa or an unusual part-time safety director, w^ste, you are going to get action, and of course. * . not until then. :< But it is hard to understand'how ariy Mr. B. Lincoln (Indemnity 'of North plant can. maintain bn efficient and defi- '''America): A good foreman Is recognized nite falety 'program when the safety di as a good example of the part-time safety -rector or the safety engineer may sud man. His duties are multiple. and impor denly be called `away or directed to do tant in successful safety managerrienb* '"i6mething else. George Lcxander (Socony Vacuum): Chairman Boulet: I think that is the Outside influences have a direct bearing right slant for a big plant--a full-time on the let-down of your safety program In Re: All Asb. Lit. 109 399 OF 495 381 flF 4Rfl . S.IO . Twenty-fifth Notional Safely Congries --4mcreting influence* of nationallscoqe, that to some-extent, and it takes an ener such at bank holiday*. getic executive* to keep prodding us, to Chairman Boulel: Election* and world keep us out of ths^ situation. ( rrbtl H. P. Heyne.' (industrial Commission Ur. Lcxander: Right. - of Ohio): I disagree. In Ohio we are Ur. Deck: t disagree with the lUte- * interested in the community, typ'e of safety mrnt about the foreman doing safety campaign; and*in Gevetand some years work on part-time basis. . ago we started a safety campaign among A foreman will do it in hi*.own de alt the Industries. We had 307 companies. partment. yea, but you are Interested in This year- on Oetober 1 we completed . the whole plant. . If you have a small our sixth annual campaign with MOO plant you can maintain interest with a Cleveland companies. If there U any way part-time safety man. hut only if he is to maintain interest, and' if there u any given responsibility. . ' way to keep from getting too satisfied Chairman Boulel: I think that clinches with a safety .recoed, I believe this is one the part-time question: In a.large ptapt way of doing it. a full-time man it necessary, and in a. Not only has it proved successful in small plant a part-time man can do a. industry but also in. vehicle fleet man good job and maintain interest, provided agement he is definitely given .the responsibility As a matter of fact, the company that and authority. - won in Cleveland this year has now won Mr. Turner (Bethlehem Steel): What first place four times out of six years; and influence hat the depression had on the it. empjoys 1,800 men, and works close let-down of safety? l . to 2,000,000 dtours, without a single lost Mr. Webb: 'A great deal, because opr time accident executives, even though they were; safety' I believe that the number of companies minded and thought a great deal of safe participating--307 fii 1931, S00 in 1932, ty. neglected`it during the depression. *650 In *1933, 71S in 1934, 1,100 in 193$. Safety effort reached bottom (luring those years, buj I think it is coining back and 1,650 In 1936--is enough to t^ar.out the val.ue of the contest fast. It is regaining executive^sstslanft) George Hanley (Perfect Circle Co.. and support, and that is what you must Hagerstown, Ind.): I think the question have to maintain interest in safety. <df lack of interest in safety U measured You must have a two-fisted executive who will go down the tine and say^ "I am for safety, and I am-going to have ill" v * Chairman Boufet: Does a.^conttnued good record caiise a let-dovlrh 'in safety? by how busy the firm is. -This old ques tion of dollars and cents enters into safety more than anything else, and when we have licked that, we have lickdd the whole .problem. When the departments of a plant get so busy that/they just haven't got time for safety, that'Is (when ' F. M. Pepper (Illinois Bell Telephone accidents hsppta Company): There is a danger of-that I When, management and men really be am not a very strong' advocate of con-* tests,- and the reason ties right in with come interested in safety, not from a safety antfle, but from the angle of peo I that. I think there ^hould^be some form ple going home whole and unhurt and of appreciation, of a Job well* dope,' whether it-is safety or something cTse, but I don't think we should- pick out the safety job. particularly and pin 'saupefs and mcdali* fnd other things on men's chests just because they did something well and in'their normal condition, then we will have real safety; but until then, there Isn't any contest nor anything of that sort that will answer the purpose. Mr. Beck: We have been conducting a safety contest for 10- years, and if I were l they should be doing; and that goes for the supervisory people just as it does dor the workers. ' asked to discontinue everything but, one thing, I would hold onto the safety con test. A continuous and successful safety pro gram brings a danger of getting con tented with what we are doing. The win ning of too many contests will lead to One of the large rubber companiel has just established a record of 6,000,000 man hours without a lost-time accident. Inter est has been stimulated through the rub ' RR7 flF Afifl In Re: All Asb. Lit. 400 OF 495 f. Maintaining Interest in Safety^, ` ' % o . 'av. > 111 ber feelion contest, and not * nun can of the management, nor of themen, but .afford to break that record. They are onJ of you,. the' aafety engineer. * .. their toci all the time. Bring In crutches? Dust off your bookshelves,' read >jp on No, air. safety, And you will be' able to sthautate The contest Is based on compensable more interest among your men than accidents; and .where money is spent, it safety contest can do. , counts against their, experience. They Vfo keep'interest stimulated In a'^mtn, cannot cheat The contest is tight and we ^nust. uridersUnd0the 'individual. We sound.* It is based on their improvement must knowtjns domestic troubles, and on their previous three-year average, and sympathize with him, give him advice, they are all competing with themselves and not mistreat the confidence he has and nobody else. In us. When a. safety engineer accom T. E. Ljghlfoot: Why should we run plishes this, he will not h*vc n problem contests'll}* our plant, with only 2S0 men? s?[ s^ujating Interest uWre. <k_n_o_w^ '(heir >fa__miinlie.s. , and we k_n_o_w_ ' OChiaatirrmmainn RBaoiuiWlet,:' ""1What is the proper these men. We simply tell theim^Don't method of approach to the workers to in get hurt whether it is accldentaf^oV wli- spire interest In safety?", ' ful or .anything else." . * Mr. Sanford: With' various types of We don't say that contests are no good, but my point is that they' should be used in a program if they fit If you can pre vent injuries without contests, 'why'. not do it? You know what happens to production any time the Supervisory staff loses in terest in it. Down it goes; and if it Is true What we have been told for the last five or ten years, that safety and'produc tion go hand in hand, then why try to separate thtm and run safety as a pro gram 'or contest, or something of that sortuUthen you don't do it and don't have toAipiftwlth production? individuals the'same method isn't going to work. Suppose you have dome, ruling that you would like to put through in thi , plant You may start with your general ' supervisory committee .and discuss it Then let each one of those men go back to the group of whiejt he Is chairman and discuss the thing, Asking, "What doyou think of it?" Then sell -the Idea to the next group, ^nd so on,'until,you get to the workmens committee. Get their slant and bring it right back to the man agement. When the .order comes out you will find'these felloWs saying, 'There is something I had a hand in." Get.them to express' thf.ir opinions, Chairman Boulct: How many think and you may sell the idea to them'with contests arc all right? How many are out their realizing that'it is coming from opposed? the. top*'down. 'c The ayes have It. Another* rather old-timet,method is the T. A.' Schlatzer (Davison Chemical Co., workmen^ safety'committeev I know of Baltimore, Md.): The main instrument one plant that arbitrarily picked out one for the prevention, not .of accidents, but man from ten, right down' to1 the' floor, of personal injury, is education. If we telling him he was on the safety, commit conduct a contest, we don't do It for di tee. It was his jobas long-as there were rect commercial value, but for advertising no accidents. & . . *' value; and from that ceive safety education. advertising If you can we redo this,^, creI_at_s_e_wdaafism__m_s_ueJrdp*iaritseinlyg. tEh?a--ocwLh m_ac-ac2nid._ew_na_tssi.tfad.ke- . by alt meins use your safety contest. ing cart.of his brothers as well as him But If the manager of a plant puts an Injured man to work pushing a broom to keep him from considering it a lost time accident, he is not kidding anyone but himself. The only valuable Information we get from a safety contest is how much better we are doing our Job than we have done it before, and how much bet ter than the other fetiow in the same line of work. If we are losing Interest in our aafety organisation, It is not the fault self. v ` . V. I. Calkin (American Seating Com pany): Sometimes these methods come n from the men themselves, tin our plant the men suggested that each foreman ap point one or two men in each department, for one month, jto be the safety comr>--. mittee in that department. It,waS..decide3 ) to try it for one month, and' the results^/ were such that the plan was uspd for a whole year.' So far this year we havfc 3RS'nF4Rn In Re: All Asb. Lit. 401 OF 495 4 uxHty-jtjtit national safety Congress tf tail sixty men vitally -Interested In the educators ready to supply the infor- safety who were not greatly concerned . matlon. with it before. _- I Mr. Fllmer: Notice the wording of TaeVe Bieboer (Ameriean-5eating Com* ttipL The best way is to Inspirci not to tny): We also instituted a safety cigar compel. Action that Is compelled Is not nr candy bar plan.. In any department spontaneous. It is likely to let up as soon which goes without 'a lost-time accident as the compulsion is removed. for a month, every member gets a cigar When you inspire, you appeal to the at the end of that period. I think this best there is in a man, and he responds ha* done more to interest our men in because something Inside of him Is telling ufety than anything else. , him-'that It is to his interest, not some* W. I*. Coster (American Sugar Rfcfin-~`t-body outside telling him, MYou do this, ing Co)'*. What success have any indi* * and you get a cigar." Possibly there is a vidual members had with strict enforce selfish purpose behind it fdr the man, but ment of discipline in inspiring safety or where 'can you eliminate selfishness? keeping up safety interest! Why ask a n\an to wear safety shoes? I. II. McNeil (Nebraska Power Co., If lie fails to protect his feet, his own Omaha): A few years' ago we used to toes will suffer. Why ask him to wear give cigars away, and we threw the plan the goggles? To cave his own eyesight. nut. Strict enforcement of discipline and Something Inside of theman is'tejyng observance of safety {rules wilt do more him, "For your own interest, for the in than anything else. * terest of your family,VfosMlhe interest of A. 1). Schiller (Corning Glass Works) ; your future and your ability to carry on AIkiuI four years ago in the mixing room' , your job with all of your faculties--work at .the Corning Glafi Works we had the ''safely. It is your problem, and not ours." problem of making the men wear gog You arc then inspiring that man, and gle* and respirators. We used discipline, not compelling him. You have him work telling those men either to wear thq gog- ing with you, and you don't have to >s and the respirators or to ieavd their worry to much about him after that. ..hi. Now they wear their protective' '* Mr. Kuechenmelster: How many of equipment without being told. you mep have a working agreement with A. H. Trestrall (pickands, Mather tt your wife, that for every day the doesn't Co.. Caspian. Mich.): We had difficulty- burn her finger, you will give her any in training men to report accidents, but little trinket? Do you promise your cMU alter we gave a man a three-day layoff, dren that if they come home from school wc didn't have any more trouble. We do without getting hurt, you will buy them give awards, however. We used cigars a lollipop? You haven't got your work for a long time, but now have an accumu ing program with your (amity, and you lated credit system. If a department goes don't think It is necessary, because you a month.Uritiout a lost time accident, we (Ugpect that being hurt 1s very much like, credit each tain with 2J bents. After the v|rtue--Jt has its own reward. second month this 'll increased to -30 cents month, and by the end of a year a man builds bp a prltqdund-of about $3.50. By buying wholesale we can glw him a reward of something worth about $7. Now, you can laugh at pigars, but we gave candy, cigarettes, cigars, and then " Teach the man in the plant that It is his eyes, and .hit toes; but provide him with fhe necessary devices. Make It easy for him to buy safety shoes. Show him that It Is for his own protection, and that safety, or the lack df Injury, has Its own reward. . we switched over *to this accumulated Chairman Boulet: Jim Eaton, here, credit system, and It works. Discipline gives away safety shoes. Will you tell has tq be accompanied with some sort of us why you do it, and whether It works? contest. We couldn't teach men first-aid James P. Eaton (General Electric, until we had first-aid contests. This stlm- Schenectady): 1 think the plan was sug fulated their interest enough to-make them gested by the men thepiiclvcs, a group an education; if you ca'n get a man in the plant. If they go six months with .. .rested in safety, he will seek his edu out an accident, their name li put in t cation. but of course you Havctp have hat, and they get a pair of safety shoes It *0 tt Ic is tt in it d P n v a U v a n a f. tl a c v t t a 3 C tt 2 t a t c e % \ l < In Re: All Asb. Lit. 402 OF 495 384 DF 4E o #. " Maintaining'Interest in-Safety q 113 tree, I,, don't know how many accidents "Don't have a lost time accident in your wc hrfwe. prevented, but it Is creating a department." lot-of interest. . . He will say, "But what shall I do about Mr. J. L. Schaeffer (National Cash Reg this?" We say It is up to him to figure ister Co* Dayton, Ohio): One-way to it out He calls his men in and says. nta1(ialn interest Is to Investigate every "Men, we are not gping to have a lost accident/minor of otherwise, and discuss time accident." Hq works with'those men it witif, ihe injured and with the men personally, and after all, safety is a per closely associated' with him. That has a sonal ^problem. . -psychological effect on'.the whole depart When you get your foreman working ment' , It -shows that the foreman, super with individual workers In his department, visor, or the leaders of that department you will soon eliminate accidents. are interested in the mail's 'welfare and We have in each department a fore that where anything can be done to pre man's, safety record, hanging on a bul vent some other workman from having letin board. If he has a clear record for [ a similar accident, it will be done. the month, we send him a gold star, and G. A. Cooper (Public Service Electric 'he gets his men together, and up goes & Gas Co., Newark): What about the the 'star. If he has a lost time accident, "white ilephint*'contest," in which' the he puts up a red star together with the management provides a white elephant, man-hours of exposure, and his standing and the foreman with the worst record In comparison with other departments. _ for the previous month is obliged tq keep H. E. Hensel (Youngstown Sheet & C'~ the elephant on his desk and explain to Tube): If you want your men to be in all inquirers why it is there. < terested in your accident prevention pro Chairman Boulet: We have' a white elephant In our company. Our company' won.national honors in the Public Utili ties section for three or four years, and gram, give them a part in it; Sygpjal of our Jorfcmen 'developed this ideiif?SjfK In 'the/septl-monthly me<mngitfQjyMur men, they appoint a man fronP-tnencnks I I then we had a let-down. . We decided our supervisory force was at fault-We started this contest on June 30, and we have not had a lost time acci dent since then. For the first time in the last three years we have gone more than 30 days without a lost time accident. I give the elephant some of the .credit It is just a means to the end,* In`Itself it doesn't mean a thing, but ndbody wants It, and everybody is on his.toel. Let us see hands. This is a debatable to talk on aafety at the next gathering. When those fellows dig up facts on ac cident prevention, talk and think a^out hazards of thefr department, lhey{^an*t very well go back Into the department and commit unsafe practices. Chairman Boulet: I think that ia a hundred per cent right. R.. B. Robinson ` (Washburn Crosby Company): The only map who can do the work safety.is the man doing the job; but the foreman must help him. We have used that (principlesor the (ait three .. question. This disciplinary action, and we will have the vote, -' years, getting the man hlmseU to take part in our program with the help df the Softtebody wants a vote here, so I am foreman, and you.-would be surprised at willing. How many favor disciplinary ac the^practlcal ideas that will come from tion where it it needed? r thdsi -men. ' How many say no? ' Mr. Klnner (Accident Prevention As Welt, here is a.man that says no. He sociation of Ontario): I want to give . wants to talk again. another slant oq this disciplinary thing. Mr. Hanley.(Perfect Circle Company): Some years ago 1 investigated a fatality Regarding discipline and protective equip on a construction job. The victim had ment--we have no right to go into a been riding on the foot board of an en l man's poeketbook, even though it is a gine, and the engine jumped the track. projection to himself, and take the wages The.pian died from loss.of blood and that belong to him and his family. There shock. - . .` Is another approach to this disciplinary The foreman said "I warned him every action (hat is much more effective. ^ day for a week not to ride on the foot In our plant each foreman It told, board of the engine." ' Cs '* m nc /.cn In Re: All Asb. Lit. 403 OF 495 IU Twenty-fifth National Safety Congress I tald. "It you had fired him the sec * Q V. Davison (American Rolling Mill ond day you caught hlm^lolng that'*--^ Co., Middleton, Ohio): During the- past "Yea,** he Mid "he would probably be few^months we have taken on a lot of live today." . *-? -new men, fellows who have-, been out of 1 told, "1 don't know wheth^he would work, or who have been out of school for of would not, but at teait your skirt* possibly five or six years and have never would have been clean of any possibility worked before. Sometimes these boya f being blamed for his dcath.'L get into trouble. I have found that in _ There is another* point regarding dis stead of using discipline it is better to ciplinary action. In Ontario we don't talk to them like a Dutch unde. pay compensation until a man haa been Chairman Boulet: What is the respon off for seven dayC'and we had one firm sibility of the safety `department, the with an exccedingly/large nuptber of one* management and the foremen, In stimulat week accidents. At the end of the sev ing Interest in the program? enth day all the men were ready to come lsck to work. The boss, peeved atc'thi` id. "For every man that loses tii through an accident that is his ownfaul, I am going to deduct S centa^an houi from hit wages for the sat&e number of hour* that he loses * through the acci dent." r/ At the end of the next year he had taken IS cents off his workmen's wages. Regarding the proper* method of ap proach to inspire interest, X would sug gest the setting of a good example. Mr. Kuechenmeister has a ni(e that the presi dent of the company can not cpme into the plint unless he wears goggles like the rest of the men, andChat inspires intercst in his workmen. E. J. Krch (Philadelphia Co., Pittsrgh): I think responsibility begins v the management It is necessary ito get the-'support of the executive ork through him to get the support supervisors, and down through them to the men. ' ` J. P. Watson (Bureau of Indian Af fairs) : The fact that an organization -has a safety engineer is evidence that there is executive'interest in safety. It Is not the responsibility of management to direct the safety engineer. Ho was- hired on the assumption that he( knew his business. If Jie has the corfect application and interpretation oi the statistics in hand, then the interest on the part of other de partments will be self-evident. They will Mr. Braatx: I wonder how many of (retegnize the value -of what he is trying you men ever asked your foremen what uy3o,)and the results will be, I think, they want to do about discipline? Our sumet/nt remuneration. s"~ \ safely committee, composed of* men in the ranks, set their own safety rules, and they follow them. *` ' Mr. Bonsib: I think the functran-tn the safety engineer and the. safety man is to act as a mainspring, `to keep the David Snell (Kimball Glass, Vineland, thing moving. I don't think it is possible N. J.): I disagree with the thought that for any safety man to go In and tell 75 per cent of the tneaOwlU obey rules map what to-do, but he should be the and be safe and that the other.25 per cent, means of getting th?t employee to do for some reason, need discipline. The lat what he should do--and to get the em ter are intelligent enough to do their ployee to see that the things that cause work, and certalnly^intelUgent enough to accidents are exactly the things that le safe. It is up to the men above them caus'e high production costs, waste, and. to take the responsibility. . inefficiency. Mr. W. H. Hasam:Cf a man makes a The sooner we safety men stop talking recommendation, regarding a hazard, sec safety and talk efficiency and cost, the that it is followed as quickly as possible. sooner we will get safety. That shows your interest in his ideas, The trouble is that the safety man is and he then takes a greater interest In his thinking only of how he can prevent ac work. In discipline I believe we should be cidents, and he forgets about the fact tolerant. If a man'breaks the rules, talk that the plant is trying to make dividends. to him about it and reason-jwlth him; if If a guard interferes with production, It .he continues to commit the crime, use is going to be taken oil; it Is up to the your discip1inar measures. safely man to work with the production ` !?rb nr /.Rn In Re: All Asb. Lit. 404 OF 495 Ci tV ` -a t1 * ' Maintainhig Interest in Safety US ^ tan and see that a guard la designed so situation, but everyone, seem* to agree that i| helps production rather than hin ders it 'That Is simply a technical mat ter that can be. worked out Some of the that management must first be sold. It doesn't make any difference what the safety director or the foreman is--man- , guards these safety men design are ridic agement is 100 per cent responsible for i ulous, and .1 think that that Is what has every -accident that/.occurs. Until the - hurt the'safety movement--the failure of management in our 'organlatjoinrcoog- the safely man to realize that the produc nixed that fact, wc got npwhere."""*'w tion has got to go on. .Chairman Boulet: "Let us go to the I want,to repeat--the saint'thing that foreman: . '- * causes accidents causes inefficiency. Chairman Boulet: I suppose we'mlglht sufa'that'up by (saying that the job of `.the safety department is to act in an ad visory capacity.' . A. Gimbel (General Electric Co.): If a man is to be disciplined,,have you,. ever had your foreman say'this: "If I send that man home, we are penalising ourselves; we need the )'ob.H : . From the floor: Send the man home. You are driving for safety. If you get sentimental, and he gets hurt, then it is your responsibility. v P. H< Sdnville. (Philadelphia Electric Iwgs^until about a year ago, gen- eraPHnS'loreman. My conception of safety was that it was entirely my job to sell it to the foremen and the linemen and the ground hands. That was in conjunc tion with the, safety 'department. It-was., necessary that the safety de partment 'act as d clearing hpuse for me. -1 had to get my facts from them. Still, I believe that the foreman is the only man who can carry safety through to those below 'him. ` __ Chairman Boulet: You think after one two penalties you won't have the trouble again, and that an accident will stop production, too. Suppose the foreman is responsible for pn accident? . '* . From the Floor: Any time that there Mr. Filmer: , I wish this niatter of management were as simple as has been represented.' I wonder if we have enough sympathy for thp position of manage ment? The same men'who are respon sible for safety at the top arcsalso) re. spnosible for production, fir satisfying customers, for satisfying stockholders, ' is an accident in a department, we com for satisfying everybody, ai\.d they have pel th'c foreman to wear a big yellow but ton for the following week. We hold the to play all those.things together. We must look to them for the estab foreman strictly responsible for every ac lishment of a policy which they ate able cident in His department. . ' to fulfill. < We must 'take safbty out of I. A. Brinkman (Macintosh-Hemphill the abstract and put it into the concrete Co., Pittsburgh): The president of our and say, "We .know that sometimeiT the company issued an order that if any man budget, .will not permit the'purchase of had an accident which goggles or safety this or that, or permit certain work to be f i shoes would have prevented, that man done, but we don't want to stall on it" would lose his job, and the foreman would The attitude oi inanagement is not un get a week oil without pay. derstood by the man on the* floor. The One fellow took the lenses out of hts superintendent may not tvant to add to goggle frames and lost His eye. He lost his month's costs something that ought his Job, and the foreman got the week off to be done. And the man on the floor is without pay. We haven't had an acci going to say, "You talk to nfe about dent to Mt'tyt hr a footjlnce. safety; why don't you.have that taken ChalrmW'TIoulet: Kellys .get dow'n care of?'* *' to the responsibility of/theynanagement. Management's responsibility is to keep Mr. Wurten (BayuktCigat Co.) 1 am' the man'on the floor.-in sympathy, and manager. Our plaiOjm gone about* management needs to bfc in sympathy tour and a half million man-hours this with the nmiryon the floor. year without a lost time accident.. I have Mr. WcoJ>. When you produce some heard varying opinions here that the foreman is the crux of the situation, or that the safety director is the crux of the thing that you think is going to help stimulative safety program, remember that -it ls"not an all-time stimulator. Be- ` ^ W (IF 4R(1 In Re: All Asb. Lit. 405 OF 495 e. * . - 116 Twenty-fifth Notional Safety Congress . *i fore long you .fiave 4p think qf some thing else to nuinUln Jhe interest ol the men. *. Mr. Bonsibr" Remember that every thing that we do b a re*ulfc\pf two great . principles, pride and fear. Fear-gets re- lulti. In the way qf discipline, but pride . is the greatest instinct man has. -Lie awake at night thinking of how you can do your work better, and you will think of things that wilt apjfeal to the em ployees' pride. Pay attention to statis tics, but use them correctly. Get statis tics along lines that will show you where the trouble is, and what causes it. With such statistics you can stimulate the competitive instinct, because deep down in his heart every man honestly be lieves he is Just as good as somebody else, and he wants to show it. Chairman Boulet: The meeting is ad journed. \ ADJOURNMENT ( o a .-~o In Re: All Asb. Lit. 406 OF 495 900 nr /.nn f .,, . > O '5 .. UcciipationalDiseases FRIDAY MORNING SESSION - October 9/1936 /** The session was called to order by the ahd ChiefSurgeon, Chicago Rapid Transit , chairman,-Dr.`Hart E. Fisher, Vice-Presi Co., Chicago, who-presided, introducing dent for Health, National Safety Council, the speakers.-' . ' The Lesser Known Facts About Common Occupational Diseases r\ By DR. ROBERT .B. HUNT Medical Advisor, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co, Boston Probably the leader in the parade df All cases of dermatitis cannot be cuced industrial di&eases is an acute or chronic by eliminating.offending foods, but fur Inflammation of the skin which we call ther investigation along these lines may `dermatitis) 'This disease may present it- give us a clue .with which to lessen the pelf ..in any type of shop, factory 'or foun loss of'time from work and the discom dry.,.- Any paste, ,powd,er, gas or liquid fort now produced by Industrial derma which comes in ^contact with the em titis. . ployee's skin, even the water supplied by^ the town in which he lives or works, may' be the potential cause of such a skin 'Lend Metals a ( ! disturbance. . The distribution of`lead poisoning is Tho:'wide diversity of causes together quite extensive. r with the varying susceptibility of differ The skin of the body is a protective ent individuals makes the problem of covering, and as long as it remains in control difficult. ' tact it does a good job .except in the case Much investigation is under way to determine why one person m?y be sus ceptible lo a certain substance white an other is not.- It has been proved many times that a poisonous substance formed within the body has been able to prolong the action started by some external influ ence. A printer developed * a ' marked dermatitis from-ink which persisted for two years. Finally fo9d tests-were made and showed that he was susceptible to of tetraethyl lead, which is us'ed in blend ing gasoline and which js readily absorbed through the skin, having 'i tendency to create changes in the nervous system. The effect of other Iota# of lead, through that avenue - of entrance, is practically nil, which explains the extremely low poisoning .rate (n typesetters, ^painters and others who continually come In contact with metallic lead. ' . Lead in any form? introdi/ced through lettuce, which, when removed from his the mouth, acts rather alowly when com tllct cleared the. skin* He returned to his pared with the inhalation of lead dust or usual occupation without a return of fumes.- However, no matter what the symptoms. portal of entry may be, lead is acted - 'The poltpf^n^naf allergic substances is upon by the body fluids and so converted usually arfat^jqitjfVtlve prheess. It takes that it may eventually lie deposited with time to projwctjl manifestation of dis in the bones. . ease, but let any other substance cause Those bony safe deppjit vaults may the disease, and the Irritating'food may retain their lead contents for da# or for be of sufficient strength to magnify its years, and if the exposure is removed, action. may also free the employee of all signs In Re: All Asb. Lit. 117 407 OF 495 RSP flF AKfl # 118 r ' Tti(etity-fifth Naftmto^Safety-Gongreu ibt nd symptoms of lead poWnIng, rnose and mouth. The smaller the dust imagine the surprise of that "supposedly (the size of smoke particles for example) cored peraon when yeary/later, perhaps .the greater the speed of absorption by following aome type oj^lnfectious disease the blood. Fumes from hot metals carry or the excessive utiol alcoholic bever not only poisons but numerous minute ages. he awskjs to find that he sufferi dust particles. This exptalns the Inca* the achei and pains and paralyses of an paclties occurring among those engaged acute lead poisoning. As the body fluids - In . acetylene and electric cutting^ and alter lead that it may be deposited, so we.ld..i.n..g........W....hen *men are so emp*loyed" may those fluids attempt to de-lead the t over a prolonged period of time, the hody, and.too rapid absorption mby pro* constant inhalation of fumes and dust d'uee the original diseat'e with all its dis might produce symptoms of the metal comforts. } upon which they work. In the ship One can readily see, then, that in some . building trade, particularly in the con cases Investigation of previous occupa struction of metal ships, we find ocea- tions Is quite necessary to determine the ' slonal cases of metal-fume fever. original contact with lead. "Brass chills" and "spelter shakes" from Heating of molten lead causes a black zinc are names applied by the lay people scum of lead suboxlde to form on Us sur to such diseases. The terrific heat ap face. and the heat from the metal dis plied to aome of our common metals and burses the fine powder into* the air. alloys by acetylene torches produces suf Hence, in the process of smelting ores ficient fumes to cause a temporary inca such as zinc, copper an<f silver; mixed pacity in 24 hours. Permanent disability with lead, we find a rather high lead from such causes is rare, however. poisoning rate. Those engaged In the manufacture of Diseases Due to Dust lead wire and cables, batteries, glass, pottery and rubber industries, plumbers /iftBvUters of dry colors`offer their share (of l^d poisoning. . Twenty-five per cent of all workers exposed to high concentrations of inor ganic dust are expected to develop changes within their lungs due to that ''J*fobably the greatest source of lead agency. We are at a loss to explain poisoning may be found among those why the other seventy-five per cent are who sandpaper, scrape, chip or burn lead not so affected. naint. for the dust and fumes caused by Mining^ quarrying, foundry work, those activfe are rather rapid in their Vndbu7ung.`W abrasi`ve toap action. Such workers may become incapacitated in a few days because the' inhalation of lead dust caused the maxi mum amount of absorption into the blood stream in the minimum* space of time. *manuf-acturing- , asbestos work, th- e mak ing of emery and carborundum products and many other occupations offer, op portunities'for employees to Inhale mic roscopic dust particles and create a foun Chromium * Chromium Is a metal widely used as a foundation for colors, and dusts from its various salts may.produ.ee lesions of the skin and mucous membranes of the nose. Chromium plating by electrolysis may cause fumes which are similarly irritat- tqgT^AIthough chromium poisb'ning'does nbt usually cause death, the number of days/of absence from work on account of"Incapacity Which it causes is gradu ally increasing. . dation for possible future Incapacity. Wc are interested particularly in those men who work with sandstone; quarts, Hint, granite, and sand, because they ex pose themselves to silica, and the chem ical changes between that dust and the body `fluids, In the presence of tubercu losis, may and usually do lead to a fatal ending. It is safe to say, in light of our present knowledge, that the action of other in organic dusts is much less virutent and incapacitating. * That, however, dobs not Other JletaU *' _ The most efficient portals of entry of foreign substances into the body are the allow us to lower the vigilant methods to improve dust control and protect em ployees, because all dusty occupations are potential trouble makers. In Re: All Asb. Lit. 408 OF 495 390 OF 460 4 c1 Occufationql^Diseases 119 Although the actions dT)various dusts hemorrhages ate common; it may cause differ within, the body, the exposure to death. asbestos fibres, present I tije weaving The fumes from benzol are heavier than and grinding of dry asbestos material, air and lie near the floor, which Is an Im offers another, type of dust which may portant point In the engineering prob cause fatalities among workers..- . ' lem of, ventilation. . The organle dusty from- cotton^, silk, The members of the benzene group wool, tobacco,-' flour and similar sub; stances are practically harmlesf. Such dusts rarely reach the lungs.bpt may capse irritation, of the windpipe and1 larg are' absorbed through the skin, and more ( poisoning are found when men . . re'than when their bodies are eool. .Probably the answer to that is that the I I er air tubes and result at the most in a fumes may-solidlfy as they cool and the mild bronchitis,. t. powder may. settle on the skin. The The factor which should be borne in sweat on the body may dissolve this mind, particularly .yrhen dealing with dust so that it Is more readily absorbed silicosis and asbesiosls'," roiates to the through the increased surface blood progression of such disease,. When ' supply. I changes occur within the lungs as a re sult ofs-the presence of such dusts, .nature . Chlorinated Hydrocarbons forms scar tissue to heat such lesions but This group of petroleum derivatives may fail to stop when the Job is'finished. has been known to science for yesrs but As a result^ the continuation of that heal during the past .decade its advance Into ing process may lead to such structural' \be industrial field has been widely dis- changes within the lungs that partial or trlbutedrjnd roost important. Led by total incapacity may follow months or dabbon tetrachloride and its chemically years after the employee has been re Associated members, it has furnished in , moved from his dusty occupation. dustry with refrigerants for ice chests, excellent-, solvents for rpbber, wax, oil `l Benzole-Benzene an grease, thlnneri for lacquers and a * very fine household necessity for the re Benzol is a distillate of coal tar used moval of `fcpots from clothes. Hospitals extensively-in industry. It is an essen have been using it more and more for tial ingredient Tn the manufacture of ex the removal of adhesive plaster. plosives. It is an excellent solvent for Du; ` to .the" non-flammabiUty o( car grease, oils and cements, and because of ,; bo'n tetrachloride',' if is used In fire ex that), property it is important in many ' tinguishers. The rapid .evaporation pro pjtases of the rubber and cleaning indus duces fumes `which ana? smother a small tries. In the manufacture of shoes ben btazq; but fft roust? not forget that ex zol may be an Ingredient of the dressing cessive heat of the actual fire nay bring 'applied `to the leather and of the cement about 'combustion sufficient to produce "Which fastens the heels nd soles. Not such biproducts as hydrochloric acid and only in the shoe trade but in other phosgene gas. Like it;.associated mem branches" of industry where employees ber, - chloroform,' it may' produce aleep work .with gummy, sticky material, the when inhaled by an Individual, and only workers soon learn of the solvent and l`/35<yof an ounce in a quart of air is cleansing action of this liquid and use it necessary to produce such action. That freely for that purpose upon themselves. thought must 'be remembered when a The subsequent outbreak of skin af large quantity of those liquid products is flictions may be the first indication of 'spilled.on the' floor, perhaps accidentally. such unauthorized use. Action should be started at once before Benzol is extremely poisonous, enter the liquid gasifies, and employees should ing either through the nose or mouth or be notified to keep their Heads'up to .. absbrbed through the skin. Its action avoid the low ceiling qf, gas>~ 0 within the body is*-varied and..may pro Chemists hav> developed .'and intro duce a multlfude of signs and symptoms. duced tocindustry many new products, The bone marrow becomes affected'which th'i? basis of which is the chlorinated hy '* in turn alters the character of the biobd; drocarbons. These derivatives of petro- iqi nc /.cn In Re: All Asb. Lit. 409 OF 495 \ j ii 120 Twenly~fift)f National Safety Congress' leum distillation are frequently combined, others of the danger. Even If removed with those from coal Ur to form valua from the poisonous gas at that period, ble chemical combinations. They have the .damage actually done by the gas may been placed on the market %so rapidly result In permanent physical damage. that medical science has beefi' unable to determine their physiological effect upon Infection the health of man. We have kqpwn that' some of these chemical* are capable of 'The skin is a protective covering of ` creating changes in the liver, and only the body against infection and is ex recently in a city in Massachusetts one tremely efficient as long as it remains in- nf these newer products caused the deith tict, but allow it to be broken or punc of two employees and a battle to retain tured, introduce bacteria, and a battle life among two others. : ensues between the offensive agencie's of - vinfection and the defensive powers of the ^Tfbdy. The winning of such a struggle Carbon Monoxide c You remember the adage, "Where there is smoke, there Is fire." We might sdd to that. "Where there is fire there is carbon monoxide." ,_ Mjply determine the presence or absence of incapacity. Infections are common throughout industry, but two types are particularly prominent -- infection result ing from anthrax and Infection among This odorlesiXbut poisonous gas' may oeeur in any industry or In any home, but the poorer the ventilation the better the chance of producing physical Incapacity. rifeat packers and fishermen. Many of our fur, hair or wool-covered animals may contract anthrax. The germs of (hat dlseasp defy the ordinary methods of sterilization and may linger on hides, Since the advent of. the motot car, bristles or hairs for long periods of time. whose exhaust pipe may pour forth as high as 6% of carbon monoxide, , we are all exposed to that gas, particularly in crowded cities. The ordinary passenger Tanners, wool sorters, and hair or brittle workers may introduce the anthrax spore beneath their skin and undergo much physical suffering and aometimea death. ear liberates about two cubic feet per Infections are frequently found among minute, and one can readily estimate the physical damage that. may .be* done if such a motor is allowed to run within the meat and fish packers and those engaged in deep sea fishing. Although death rarely occurs, the loss of fingers, hands doors of a poorly ventilated garage or shop. Fortunstely, serious cases of such poisoning are not .common among those employed In public garages,'but many of those employees are likely to complain and nasty septic wounds are the rcsplt. Punctured wounds, cuts, abrasions, burns and scratches are potential avenuea of entrance for bacteria which would seem to be waiting everywhere at all of headache and faintness at the. end of a day's work, especially in colder weather when doors and windows remain closed. In the steel indust, rry> , where gas is used times for such a break in the akin. Early medical treatment might often save later surgical Interference, not to mention the `accompanying discomfort, incapacity and as the heating agency in the blast fur naces, care must be used to .prpvlde proper ventilation. Within the; mines, workers are warned to allow enough time perhaps the loss of an cssentiat body part. Summary following blasts for the escape of this, I fed that the time has come when an gas. . . * ` employer must demand of a manufacturer Being a colorless, odorless and taste the answers to two questions: less gas, quick of qction within the hu man body, the manifestation of the very first symptom may be too late to save a workman from partial or total incapacity or perhaps death. Because tfi'e exposed person suffers first from motor paralysis, he may be unable io help himself even to warn 1. How wilt your product affect my business? 2. How witi your product affect the health o( my employees? That employer i* entitled to honest answers based upon sufficient chemical and physiological examination* of Ihc questionable product. That manufacturer 'iqi nc ARfl In Re: Ail Asb. Lit. 410 OF 495 V. c _ Occupatiohal Diseases * 121 * should ^ be held responsible for .the. Ills- dustry has been nude fool-proof by the produced by. the use bf his product .'and* substitution of non-toxic preparations for unless he can guarantee its safety, It has those now found to be harmful, and when no place III industry.. Too many .lives qajdi employee is imbued with the idea f1 have been lost or, jeopardized by too - that consta.it thoughtfulness and care are little knowledge .of a. product's action most necessary for -the maintenance' of i upon those who handle it. health and happiness, then, and not un- The incidence of lost time due to ill- til that idealistic- cUge has been reached ness ahd^'iantrX in industry' has -'been may vigilance and perseverance to main- greatly lcssemd^>y (he'1 many agencies Uln apd preserve health, limb and life worldng along' lines'! of safety. When In-' be lessened. Pre-Employment Examination as an Aid to the Control of Industrial Diseases' By DR. W; C. TEMPLfcR Medical Director, Coming Olaaa Works, Corning, N. Y. \ We may well ask whether or not phy death rate due to tuberculosis. In fact, sical examination is of any value to the iq the treatment. of all epidemic-type world at large, rather than limit the. dis diseases that have to far been eradicated, cussion to the control, of industrial di the examination of patients to .determine * seases. In the conservation of life and the severity of symptoms and the Im health much progress has been made in provement has. been of foremost value. ' the eradication or control of such diseases Knowing that the average span of life ' as occur in epidemic form, as well as has been Increased eight-years in the last that .type of disease which is not truly quarter^entury and assuming that the epidemic, but occurs in such frequency above mentioned factors have ha~d some that general health programs are neces bearing on it, could wi decry the value sary. Much has been done to control of physical examinations for the general such disabling illnesses as heart disease, population? \ o t ^ ' arterio-sclerosls, .kidney disease and dia If we know that examinations thadc by betes; and something has been aecom- insurance companies and their Associating _ pllshcd in the control of morbidity, which examining Institutions, the. clinics run by rStenUs to, at least, make people happier the United Stages Public Health Service, through good health, even though'an in and fie great mass of phyalciapa,, who all creased span of life Is not gained. carefully examine their clientele, have Physical -examination has played a Urge - been of value in the control of disease, role in accomplishing these things, be may. we not asstime that examinations'In cause It was through physical examination industry will help control the incidence and physical observations that investiga and extent of industrial dlseise, particu tors were led to''exert themselves to (find larly when the life .expectancy of *in- a remedy for the cause of such con'di- d^trial. workers is less than that of .the lions. Small-pox is no longer prevalent, general population? * due to such observations, which led to In fact on April 14, 1936, at the Na iti control by vaccination, Malaria and tional Conference on Silicosis and Similar yellow fever have been brought largely Dust Diseases, called by the Secretary of r under -control, and knowledge is now Labor, Dr. R. R. Sayers of the United available In the control of venereal di States Public Health Service said, ''Pre sease*, If the proper physical examination liminary and periodic physical and roent- and laboratory methods are used to arrive *- genological examination should be made at a diagnosis. We are all familiar with of all employees engaged .in industrial the results obtained in decreasing the processes where there is a*' potential if In Re: All Asb. Lit. 411 OF 495 * 393 OF 4G0 Safety Equipment . 143 They should never be patched, hap hazardly and turned |)>ck Into service. Ladder* needing repair should be tagged erected and can be placed on rollers and easily moved about 5. In purchasing a ladder how can. it * *.n^ Aied ovep'Tto, the foreman, who be determined \ heth?r the tenons project ahould determine'-whVtheri'ipey7rfcan be far enough interthe side* rails to give a repaired. If he decides ratfrbpai&jM^s- firm footing? slble, he should turn the*lauder ov^r -to There is no type of inspection that will ' 'the maintenance department - V,.,?, determine this. The only way one can be What ahould be the angle of a lad sure the tenons are firmly imbedded is to der leaning against the wall? * purchase a quality ladder. ' In g'eneral practice the ladder should 6. Is thd airplane cable or the solid stand one-quarter, of Its own length away steel bar the best form of re-enforcement from the wall. . in a ladder? ' 4.* Is it possible to use steel scaffolding The solid steel bat. It gives the firmest for temporary work? and most dependable support. Cable re- Yes. This type of scaffolding is easily cnforceinent is now practically obsolete. ... .. -ws, . Unusual Developments in <Leg Protection . By E. L. WHEELER Chicago . 1 - . . . ' . .u In times of serious illness one always 'greatest number of them'have been used obtains the services of the best doctor in reeent years,.-the most unusual and available, buys the best medicine procura- varied development in leg protection has ble, from a reliable source. Is there any been centered on' what are commonly `reason why protective apparel should be called "foundry leggings." q ( regarded differently? Is not the preven- The first leggings' I know' anything tivc as important as the cure? about consisted of bag-like tubes that Fart of the time almost any kind of hung from `'the waist or from the knee protective apparel is good enough, but and .were made from anything that when the emergency arises, when real wouldn't explode upon coming in contact protection is needed, then is Ihe time your with molten metal. Elrly it was dlscov- men should be provided with the best pro- ered that chrome leather was a good heat tection obtainable. 'If protective apparel reslster and.gradually asbestos cloth was does not protect against the extreme haz- woven into a mp're useable,-pliable fabric, ard, it (s absolutely worthless. Your men with fire-proofed dude used in some In may complain that certain appard is a blj: stances.* These tWee materials 'are still 'i cumbersome, a,.bit uncomfortable, but an> chiefly usfcdk with chrome leather leading, accident is a thousand times more un- ' With more or less stabilization of basic comfortable',' and usually results in loss materials, 'impfovement in design came in of time plus untold suffering. .To. be safe for prompt,attention. Leggings with snap it must be sturdily made, though it may. bdUonfc and strap/were^put on the mar- not be 100 per cent comfortable; but ket, an arctic buckles were Also used complete working comfort without mixi- as a means of fastening. The'knee length, mum protection is a compromise that legging r$idly became the most popular does not make for safety. style. It is-a prime requisite that such There is* now available standard leg a legging shall be so constructed that it protection that will safely meet every will afford protection froth the knee down normal hazard in industry, and further-.. to, and including, the foot, dts ^design more, it is possible to have mad` special should be*comfortable, hut comfort should products for specific hazards of almost' not be sacrified for safety. It should be any nature. * . fully and quickly adjustable and instantly Possibly because of the fact that the removable. . ' , In Re: All Asb. Lit. 412 OF 495 qq/i m /.cn 144 Twenty-fifth National Safety Congress With these fundamentals In mind varl- made entfrely qf heavy fibre with or with* nui kind* of spring knee,leggings were o.ut metal flares as the hazard demands. created--one of the first great Improve* , Steel studded chrome leather Is ali-o used menu in legging construction. However,' in aomc cases. There are styles maoe from in some cases there seemed to.be Justi* chrome leather reinforced with- flexible fed complaints about the circular springs reeds backed up by felt to act as a shock griling too hot for comfort arid so the . absorber. A most interesting ant!*rattle* manufacturers promptly eliminated this by ` snake legging is made in a sort of spring covering the springs or insulating them. knee type, using fibre as a base and cover* Spring.knee leggings still are preferred 'ing it with waterproofed duck as a fur* tiy some and will undoubtedly'be used tpr ther protection while walking through long many years to come. '" wet grass. flat we find many new ao*ca1led spring* Pure grain rubber mounted over, tight less types of leggings appearing dn the leather has been successfully'used as leg held. We also find that the old stunt of and foot protection against sand blast wrapping tegs in wet burlap is*almost ex* shot Hip length leggings, while used in iincl. thanks to the efforts of safety men. '.lesser numbers, are still standard equip* Subsequently the springless type of leg* gmg further combined safety and comfort The popular appeal Ci>l this type was chiefly its greater comfort and finer ad- lUMtbilily. Every conceivable kind of fjttcncr is he/ used to insure ease of putting on and to assure quick removal. Entirely new fasteners have been-devet- <l*d and use has also been made of already existing types. .' ' ment in, foundries where protection is needed from the hip down. They range in style from regular pant leg shapes to extensions put on spring knee or spring* less type leggings/fend are made from asbestos , ctolh, fireproofed duck, and (leather. A combination of chrome leather bottom with an attachable asbestos top has proved a very desirable style from both a safety and an 'economical stand* point Here again, as in the knee type, Individual features carVy their appeal to safety, comfort, adjustability, ease of put- safety men. but .all recognized types of rating on and taking off are important IrgKings on the ttyarket todSJ are nfufch 'factors. Of course, almost any of these more comfortable and safe than those of styles of leggings is adaptable for other a few years back. uses, especially when sparks, molten metal I.rg protection against acid splashes or severe/heat are encountered. rjdU* for not nearly so many styles of In rather rare instances light leggings leadings but is adequately covered. The or spats have been used with more or types of leggings and'spa^s that protect /less success for leg -and foot protection against cuts, bruises, and similar injuries for women. -" are many and. varie.d. Some are made Proper protective apparel will speed up front a heavy leather base covered with production, will keep men on the Job, metal' reinforcing strips, properly placed will keep them-happy, and will increase ~t*s give the needed protection. Others'are profits. * \ O The following questions were brought nut in the discussion: - I. Do spats give as good leg protd&ion as leggings? .. \.j No. 2. Why are spats worn at all? They are used when workmen have an aversion to leggings or when only low splashes of hot material are cxpttted. In /** * In Re: All Asb. Lit. the latter case, howtve), the workman wearing spats is taking a gamble, because, by the law of averages, the hot splashes may not always be low. 3. What material is the best heat re* sister? Asbestos gives the best protection from severe heat, but this material will not atand wfcar and friction as well as some other materials. 3PR (IF ARfl 413 OF 495 I *1 i X% * ., Safety Equipment . ". Respiratory Protective Equipment for Use Against US * t. Dusts. Fumes, and'Gases * ' . ,, By PrftLXP-DRINKER ' .- ` Boiton^ai*? r * `JThere appears to be some confusion and one can see Urge plants for recover* m to the distinction between dusts, in* lead fume--a dry powder. Obvious- fumes, vapors, mists, and gases, with the ly, one does not want the same kind o( result that respiratory equipment for pro- expiratory equipment for two such diI- tectjlon against them occasionally is feren.t substances yet the customer often wrongly applied.The respirator manu-.~asks for a respirator to protect against facturers have many examples of such fumes. misunderstandings and often are blamed Lead fume happens to be very difficult for errors which'result solely from con- to filter-out so that the ordinary respir- fusion in nomenclative., ' atbr which catches dust particles may lie .Dusts Include all types'of dry earthy inadequate against lead fume. The arid particles.small enqugh to be blown-abouP fumes, containing both liquid particle* by ordinary "air currents. Dust7suspen- and gas, require a filter to catch the dropsions may be generated as the result of lets and a gas absorbant to catch the af grinding, blasting, or comjnimitihg pro- gaseous constituent. Therefore, it usucess; or they may result from the han- ally happens that the respirator manufar- dling of finely divided materials as in lurer, in self protection^advises the cui- mixing processes,' in sweeping, or the , tomer to use an air-supplied or air-line blowing about-of wood flour, plant ppl- ' respirator because he will then be ade lens, or common road dust: There is no quately protected whether the fume it of chemical limitation implied by the term solld^partlcles, like lead, or a liquid and - "dust" while the range in ijze o dust gas mixture. If the customer stated ex {larticles extends from the sub-microscop- actly what the suspension consisted of nr c to small*>sand"grains. Such materials told how it was generated he might he can be caught- very effectively by the able to use less expensive equipment. modern type of dust respirator. A vapor js a gas which can be con ' Fumes embrace two-.definite kinds'-of verted into a liq.uid at ordinar.y temp. era- atmospheric suspensions. It'is unfortu- lures,and pressures. Thus, watof vapor it nate that such double-naming exists in "a common constituent of (he ijr apd i the trade but one had best admit the fact, contained [n concentrations whteh' vary Thus, "lead fume" is a very -old-'term with atmospheric conditions. 'Reipira- used tq describe the visible dark grey tory protective equipment is used against suspension which evolves . from lead low concentrations of a great many va- heated to high temperatures" The ma-' pora arislng' fronf common organic solv- terial In such suspensions Is mostly tipy eats such as benzol. Many such sub particles of.lead (and lead oxide), much stances,are absorbed by activated char* smaller in size than those of the average, coal as in feai masks. There is a.small dust, .with some lead jn the gaseous state.'"cartridge type respirator in which the QWhen such a mixture is cooled down td -qahridge is filled with activated charcosl (he point where it can be breathed the'/ for absorbing a vapor .such as benzol or contaminant Is then the lead paYt|cles with soda-time for absorbing an acid gas alone without any gaseous lead. such as carbon, dioxide. Because these . The word "fume" is also used to de- small cartridges eontaiif' comparatively scribe the mixture of gas and mist which little-t>t the absorbant their yse is lim- may come from a bath of hot nitric acid, <Lt*d to very ,low concentrations. They for example. None of the material in should not be used for emergency rescue Ihe suspension Is dry--H is all it) the form of a true mist (liquid droplets) or as a gas, yet it may have 'a thick brownish col or. One buys "fuming sulfqric acid (a liquid) frbm any chemical supply house work. A mist consists of a suspension of li quid droplets together with the gas, from which the droplets condensed. The cotn-^ monest example is atmospheric fog? In Re: All Asb. Lit. 414 OF 495 396 OF 460- * 146 . * Twenty-fifth National Safety Congress Droplets of mill are necemrily micro* tective equipment which catches gases al scople In alee or they woutd not remain ' ways consists In some* chemical agent In suspension. At toon ai eeverat drop which either absorbs the gas or converts leti collide and form a larprt? drop the li It.Into some other substance which can quid aettlei out. Therefore, It Is possl- .'be.absorbed. Because one can rarely be blc to dispel a true snist very readily by sure of the gas concentration to be cn- Imnty stirring up the air--veitfllation or countered it Is common practice In ex dilution is unnecessary. ' ploring man holes, for instance, to use Mist droplets can be filtered out by or dinary dust respirators--thaf'-'li, the visi ble portion of a fog Is easily removed by filtration--but the gaseous l constituent may pass through the filter. It the mist devices supplied with air or oxygen In order that the wearer may be safe, re gardless of the conditions he finds. The gas iriask, however, and Its outgrowth, the chemical cartridge respirator have a happens to be corrosive to fabrics the re definite place In Industry and are In wide sultant effect upon a dqst respirator Ip use today. . bad. Paint spraying generates a mist The U. S. Bureau of Mines has helped and certain amount of vapor; Protec tion usually consists of an alr-Upe res pirator but it Is not at all uncommon to. * cartridge respirators containing acU--' in the manufacture and use of respiratory protective equipment greatly by its Issu ance of specifications for permissible vated charcoal and a filter; . equipment Their present schedules do A gas contains no solid or liquid par not Include the air-supplied respirators ticles under ordinary atmospheria condt- "* such as those used in paint spraying or tions. The fitter units of any of the sand blasting but both the Bureau and common makes* of respiratorsC'are inef the American Standards Association will fective against gases. Respiratory pro Issue such specifications presently. Discussion following the aSdress was based on these pbints: =< 1. What protection is provided against a dangerous accumulation of air pressure in the ordinary fresh air hose mask? The helmet is not rigid. Air will leak nut long before a dangerous pressure ac cumulates. or a safety link, provided in tome types of ho$er mask, will blow out 2. Would a protective mask approved for lead dusts filter out zinc oxide? Yes. However, almost any type of . mask will filter out zinc oxide, since these particles are easily trapped. 3. " WiU the simple face mask fitter out ordinary smoke or will it absorb it? It is impossible to answer such a ques tion. There are as many types of . ordinary masks as there are ordinary dusts. A mask must be purchased to fit a specific .need.,-.This is not'difficult, however, since all types are available. -. .0 r` ' Glass Used for the Protection of the Eyes Against Injurious " . ` . o Radiation ~\ By e: d. TILLYER " Southbridgc, Mass. . The effect of excess visible light on the number which gives good, immediately eye is immediately felt. If there is too comfortable vision and insist that this much, anyone except the-sun gazers im glass give protection against the invisible mediately turns alvay, doses the eyes or . radiations. fieks somp kind o( relief. ' There is a . The effects o( the ultra-violet and the tendency to use top dark glasses in weld infra-red radiations are not as quickly ing, inherited from the 'nays when even . noticed as the visible. We cannot aay, the blackest glasses gav.p practically rtd * as we said for the visible, "get good im protection from the insidious invisible mediately comfortable vision" because the radiations. A proper rule is, use a shade first noticed effect oI the ultra-violet oc- In Re: All Asb. Lit. 415 OF 495 nan nc /.en . * Aine1pipia5Dciety of Safety Engineers1--Engineering Section *4 Officers 1935-36 Geiteral Chairman--Q\W. Surrjf, Standard Oil Co. (Ind.),. Chicago, XIL Vict-Chdlrmn\-- 1 ** ' r' , C B. Boulet, Wisconsin Public Service CbrpH Milwaukee, Wis. D. u `RoYp, Ocean Accident and Guaranty Carp* New York, N. Y. Secretary--W. Dean Kfemx, National Safety Council, Chicago, 1IL Members at Large-- *_ m CVml Ainsworth, American Standards Association. New York, N. Y. C B. Auel, W.cstlnghoUse Electric and'Manufacturing Co., East Pittsburgh, Pa. kl. Bahash, Consulting.Engineer, Chicago, III.' ^ W. Beck, United States Rubber Products, Inc, New York, N. Y*. H. R. Bixler, Union Carbide and Carbon Corp* New York, N. Y. (Metropolitan Chapter.) . . . *W. F, Boeither, j/B. Stetson Co., -Philadelphia, Pa. (Philadelphia Chapter.) E. W. Bullard, E. D. Bullard Co., San Francisco, Calif. (San Francisco Chapter.) R. E. Donovan, Standard Oil Company of California, San Francisco, Calif. Roy M. Godwin, Philadelphia Electric Conlpany, Philadelphia, Pa. (Philadelphia Chapter.) * . .- , . W. ML Grape, National Bureau of Casualty. & Surety Underwriters, New York, N. Y. R. McA. Keown, Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, Madlsbn, Wls. EvxattT F. Kino, Lever Brothers Co., Cambridge. Mass. (Boston Chapter.) * E^J^KatUj, Philadelphia Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. (Westerp Pennsylvania Safety Council Thomas il. Ltciirroor, Koppers Coal Co., Pittsburgh,-Pa. * " Ml G. Llovd, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. W. S. Paine, Aetna Casualty & Insurance Co.. Hartford, Conn. * Geo. F. Prussino. Union Oil,Company of California, Los Angeles, Calif. . C E. Ralston, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., Pittsburgh, Pa? - A. S. Recula, Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc. {few York, N. Y. John Russell, Jil, Public Service Electric & Gas'Co, Newark, N.~ J. (Northern New Jeriey Chapter.) , * ' G. E.'Santoro, General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y,. V ' - H. S, Smith, union Carbide and Carbpn Corp.,,Ncw York, NPY. R. C Stratton, The Travelers Insurance Co* Hartlord, Conn. O R. F.' Thalner, Bulck Motor Company, Flint, Mich. v' S. E. WhitInc, Liberty Mutuarlnsurance Co. Boston, Mass. .v . Wkuam P. Yant, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. L' , ' Officers Elected for 1936-37 I, t* General Chairman--D. L. Rovest, Ocean Accident and Guarantee ( \ Vice-Chairman--C. B. Boulet, Wisconsin Public Service Coro.. Vice-Chairman--R. E Donovan. Standard Oil Company of Califo..... S</eretary--W. Dean Keeto, National Safety Council, Chicagb, 111. Defiled. * * * 4. `' v t ' 191 In Re: All Asb. Lit. 416 OF 495 OQO nc /.on m Twenty-fifth National Safety Congress * * * r. Stfmbtrt cl Large-- ' Cvwt Ainsworth. American Standards Association, New York, N. Y.. C. n. Aura, Wesunghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co., East Pittsburgh, Pa. f I. Panasii. Consulting Engineer, Chicago,-111. .' '* K. Reck, United States Rubber Products, Inc., New York, N. Y. ' ^11 K. IIixler. Union Carbide -and Carbon Carp., New York, N. Y. (Metropolitan Chapter) . ' ' K. W. Bullard, K. D. Bullard Co., San Francisco, Calif. (San Francisco Chapter) II. F. Gilbert, American Cyanamid Co, Linden, N. J. (New Jersey Chapter) Rov M. Godwin, Philadelphia Electric Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (Philadelphia Chapter) W. M. Graff, National Bureau of Casualty & Surety Underwriters, New York, N. Y. II. J. Griffith. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa. (Western Pennsylvania Safety Council Chanter) . `R. McA. Keown, Industrial Commisfion of-Wisconsin, Madison, WIs. J. M. Kerrigan, United States Rubber Reclaiming 'Co., Jnc, Buffalo, N. Y. (Niagara Frontier Chapter) ** Eveserr F. Kino, Lever Brothers Co, Cambridge, Mass. (Boston Chapter) Thomas? E. Liciitfoot, The Koppers Copl Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. My'Itx Luivn, National Bureau ol Standards. Washington, D. C. ! 11.')^Miner, E. I. du'Tont de Nemours & Co.,`Wilmington, Del. W. S. Paine, Aetna Casualty & Insurance Co, Hartford, Conn. Geo. F. Prussinc, Union Oil Company of California, Los Angeles, Calil. l!. E. Ralston, Pittsburgh Plat^plass Co, Pittsburgh, Pa. A. S. Regula, Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc., New York. N. Y. G. K. Sanford, General Electric Co, Schenectady, N. Y. ' C. W. Sstint, Standard Oil Co. (Ind.), Chicago, III. H. S. Smith, Union Carbide and Carbon Corp, New York, N. Y. R. C. Stratton, The Travelers Insurance Co, Hartford, Conn. K. F. Tiialker, Ruick Motor Company. Flint, Mich. . S. K. Wiiitikc, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co, Boston, Mass. Wiujam P. Yant, Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pittsburgh, Pa. O o WEDNESDAY NOON SESSION Q October 7, 1936 The 'annual meeting of (he' ASSE- The report of (lie nominating commit ERgineering Section of life. National tee was presented by A. S. Kcgula, chair Safety Council followed a luntheon and - man. Other members of the committee / convened with C. W. Smith, Standard were S. E. Whiting, 11. F, Thalner, C. D. *' Oil Co. (Ind.), Chicago, general chair' Auel, and Dr. M. (. Lloyd. The com man. presiding. All reports had been mittee's list of officers, as rlectcd. will be mimeographed, and copies were distrib- found elsewhere in this sectional rrcord. ' uted at the luncheon. Dr. Francis .F. Lucas, Member, Tech Other session^amuisorcd by tbe ASS1\* Engineering ^cction) included those on nical Staff; Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York City, and international au "Safety llells.'^'Safety Training." "Ex thority on tnicrosc&py and photomicrogra haust Systems," "Safety Exchange Round phy, spoke on "Late Developments in Table." and I'Orcupatlonal Diseases." High Power and. Ultra Violet Micro Reports ol these sessions will he found scopy." elsewhere in the Transactions. .i - * In Re: All Asb. Lit. , % 417 OF 495 2RR nF ARR \ V Automdtive and Macfiine Shop O * " / Section " Officers^ 1935*36 General Chainnan--C. T. Wi.vecA^Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich. F'fcr-Ctafrtnan--Marvin Hcidt, Budd Wl{eet Co, Detroit, Mich. Secretary--M. A. Clark, U. S. Rubber Products, Inc, Detroit, Mich. , New Letter Editor--W, H. FrAter. Cadillac Motor Car Co, Detroit, Mich. ' Engineering Committee Chairman--G. E. Sanford, General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y. Health Committee Chairman--Da. A. L. Brooks, Fisher Body Detroit Div, General Motors Gorp, Detroit, Mich. ` ` ` Membership Committee Chairman--L. R. Juoao.v, Timken Detroit Axle Co, Detroit. Mich. Potter Committee Chairman--C. W. Bcruoi*, Lycoming Manufacturing Co, Williamsport, Pa* ^ _ . , Program Committee ChalrmaiV--H. W/ B60ltonJdurrty Corp. of America, Detroit, Mich. Publicity Committee .Chairman--Nelson H. KYd^R^H&Studcbakc!1 Corp, South Bend. Ind. Statistics Committee Chairman--W. W. Janzer, Seaman Body Co, Milwaukee Wli. Members at Large--.. ` O. .; % . L. E. Averill, Chicago Eye Shield' Co, Detroit, Mich. C M: Dotterex, Revere Copper and Brass, Inc, Detroit, Mich. Hoyt L. Fracher: Detroit Steel Products Co, Detroit, Mich, Merle C Hale, General Motors Corp, Detroit, Mich. M. I. McCarthy, Fisher Body Corp., Detroit, Mich.' . R. A. Shaw, Murray Corp. of America, Detroit, Mich. Carl L. Storck, Delca Products Corp, Dayton. Ohio.R. F. Thalner, Buick Motor Co, Flint, Mich. * . I "'v * . Officers Elected for 1936-37 General Chairman--M. A. Clark, U. S. Rubber Products, Inc, Detroit, Mich. Vice-Chairman--H. W. Boulton, Murray Corp. of America, Detroit, Mich, Secretary--W. H. -Frater, Cadillac Motor Car Co, Detroit, Mich. O News Letter Editor--Vf. w. Janzer, Seaman Body Corp, Milwaukee, Wis. Engineering Committee Chairman--L. B. Loomis, Ternstcdt Manufacturing Div, General Motors Corp, Detroit, Mich. Health Committee Chairman--Dr. A. L. Brooks, Fisher Body Detroit Div, General Motors Corp, Detroit, Mich.- r- ` _ _ Membership Committee Chairman-^C. W. Bisnop, Lycoming Manufacturing Co, Williams port, Pa. '' .' .# Poster Committee Chairman--E. Marehtate, Motor Products Corp, Detroit, Mich. program Committee Chairman--W. A. Bechill, Chrysler Corp, Detroit, Mich. > Publicity Committee Chairman--Paul A. Denzic, Kelsey-nayes Wheel Co, Detroit; Mich. . . . ,, t Statistics Committee Chairman--G. E. Sanford, General Electric Co, Schenectady, N.,Y. Members at Large-- ' L. E. Averill, Chicago Eye Si^j ielj Co, Detroit, Mich. i 1 197 /,nn nc /.cn In Re: All Asb. Lit. 418 OF 495 TT i'% Metals Section * Officers 1935*36 Central,.Chairman--H. W. Dax, Bethlehem Steel Co, Johnstown, Pa. *Vice-Chairman--A. Berqwst, The Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co, East Chicago. Ind Vice-Chairman--C. M. AlleN, The American Billing Mill Co, Middletown, Ohio.' Vice-Chairman (In Charge of Health)--Hi. R. C -Excel, Corrigan-McKInney Div, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. > SVcreiary and Nettie Letter Editor--R. A. Chaftin, Continental Steel Corp, Kokomo, Ind. Conteet Committee Chairman--Robert L. Schmitt, Louisville Car Wheel and Railway Supply Co, Louisville, Ky. '' _ Engineering CctiiwuVfrr. Chairman--J/EL Culuney, Bethlehem Steel Co, Bethlehem, Pa. Foundry Committee Chairman--Irwin A. Brinkman, Mackintosh, Hemphill Co, Pitts* burgh. Pa. ~. Memberthip Committee Chairtnau--Mell E. Trammell, Gulf Statoa^Steel Co, Alabama City. Ali. <J O Pooler Committee GJtoirtitan--R. H. Ferguson, Republic Steel Corp, Cleveland, Ohio.' Program Committee Chairman--H. M. Crook an, Inland Steel Co, East Chicago, Ind Publicity,Committee (ihalrman-^C. W. Hanko, Pittsburgh Steel Co, Moncssen, Pa. Ratiu/ay Cor DullderojCommittee Chairinan-^f. J. Branp, Pullman Standard Car Manu facturing Corp, Pullman, Chicago, III. " ' Slider and Safety Kinke Committee Chairman--J. A. Oaryel, Camegie-Iliinots Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa. Statirticr Committee Chairman--W. J. Ireland, Kohler Co, Kohler, Wis. Memberr at Large-- O F. G. Bennett, The Buckeye Steel Castings Co, Colurpbus, Ohio. E. F. Blank, Jones & LjCughlin Steel Corp, Pittsburgh. . c J. A. Coltrik, National Radiator Corn, Johnstown, Pa. G. A. Davis, Camegie-IUinois Steel Corp, Chicago. III. * M. W. Dundork,-Beloit Iron Works Co, Beloit, Ayts. . " ^ * John P. Eib, Carn^gle-Iliinoli Steel Corp, Joliet, III. -- W. T. Filmei, The Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co., Ydungdown, Ohio. A. C. Gidson, Snang. Chalfant`& Co, Inc, Pittsburgh. Pa. O. F, Harvey. American Car and Foundry Co, New York, N. Y. S, E. Hawicks, MacWhyte Co, Kenosha, Wis. c * H. H. Hinry, Otis Steel Co, Qeveland, Ohio. H. G. Henscl, The Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co, Chicago, IJj. ' . W. A. Jarvis, The Chase Companies, Watcrbury, Conn. F. A, Laukrman, Republic Steel Corp, South Chicago, III. . T. H. McKinney, Chicago. 111. D. V. Mrdalie, Interlske Iron Corp, Chicago,1 III. John O'Roork, Bethlehem Steel Co, Sparrows PolnL Md. C. K. RautoN. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. - ranx Rows, Wheeling steel Corp, Portsmouth, Ohio. * S[erman Sfours. The Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co, Evanston, III J. K. Stafford, Mississippi Valley Structural .Steel Co, Dccatbr, III.' ' . t. J. A.'Voss, Republic Steel Corp, Cleveland, Ohio. ' 1 Dectsstd. i t Cl oO In Re: All Asb. Lit. 419 OF 495 /,m nc /.cn 300 Twenty-fifth National Safety Congress Officers Elected for 1936-37 (ienerot Chairman--G M. Allen, The American Rolling Mill Co., Middletown, O. ritt'Chairman--R, A. CltArriN, Continental Steel Corp, Kokomo, Ind. * Secretary and Newt Letter fldllor--Mau. E. Tram mm.l, Gulf Slate* Steel Co* Alabama, City, Alt. -. Conlttt Committee Chairman--Robot l,` Schmitt, 1/iulivllle Car Wheel and Railway Supply Co, Loulivlite, Ky. O' '. Hngmttring Committee Chairmen--R. H. Fkrou*om, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, 0. Foundry Committee Chairman--levin A. Brinkman, Macklntosh-Hemphlll Co., Pitta . burgh, Pa. ' Health Committee Chairman--Du. R. C. Engel! Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, 0. Membership Committee Chairman--R. J. CairriTil, Jonei & Laughlin Steel Corp, Pitts burgh. Pa. , , Potter Committer Chairmen--H. H. Henry, Otli Steel Co., Geveland. Proprom Committee Chairman--G W.'Hanko, Pittsburgh Steel Co, Monessen. Pa. Publieity Committee Chalma[i--G E. Ralston, Pittsburgh Plate Gtais Co, Pittsburgh, Pa. Railway Car Puildert Committee Chairman--P. J. Brand, Pullman Standard Car Manu facturing Corp, Pullman, Chicago. Slides and Safety A'iuti Committee Chairman--J. A. Oartel, Carnegle-IlUnoli Steel Co.. Pittsburgh, Pa. .' Statistics Committee Chairman--W. T. Filmkr. The Youngstown Sheet and .Tube Co.. Youngstown, Ohio. j Member* at Large-- ' ` ' F. G. Bennett, The Buckeye Steel Castings Co, Cotunsbus; O. R. A. Beyer. Central Tube Co, Ambridg, Pa. C. A. Biakchi, H. H. Robprtson Co, Ambridge, Pa. K. F. Blank, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa. J. A. Coltrin, National Radiator Corp, Johnstown, Pa. C. S. Craiomile, Belden Manufacturing Co, Chicago, lit. H. M. Croghan, Inland Steel Co, East Chicago, Ind. J. E. CuiXiney, Bethlehem Steel Co, Bethlehem, Pa. H. W. Dark. Bethlehem Steel Co, Johnstown, Pa. M. W. Du.voore, Beloit Iron Works Co, Beloit, Wis. R. T. Dye, Republic Steel Corp, Warren, O. John P. Eib, Camegie-Ulinois Steel Corp, Joliet, III. K. A. Ellis, Wheeling Steel Corp, Wheeling, W. Va. J. P. Gatherum, Gfeat Lakes Steel Corp, Ecorse, Mich. A. C. Gtasow, Spang Challant Co, Inc., Pittsburgh. Pa. O. F. Harvey, American Car and Foundry Co.. New York, N. Y. S. E. HawWes, Macwhyte Company, Kenosha, Wis. H; G. Hensel, The Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co, Chicago, III. W. A. Jarvis, Chase Brass & Copper Co, Waterbury, Conn. F. A. Laltrvan, Republic Steel Corp, Chicago. 1U. " T. H. McKekney (retired), Carnegie-Illinois Steel Co, Chicago. III. D. V. MEDALic/Interlake Iron Coro, Chicago, III. John O'Rourk, Bethlehem Steel Co, Sparrows Point, Md. G S, Phillips, Revere Copper & Brass, Inc, Rome, N. Y. - Frank Rowe, Wheeling Steel Corp., Portsmouth, O. A. C. Schulte, Bucvrus-Erie Co, So. Milwaukee, Wis. H. 1. SpoereS, The Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co, East Chicago, Ind. E. J. Sterner, Bethlehem Steel Co, Bethlehem, Pa. J. A. Voss, Republic Steel Corp, Cleveland, O. ' . MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October S, 1936 . . The .opening session was called to or- Bethlehem Steel Co, Johnstown. I*a, * der by General Chairman H. W. Darr, who presided. Chairman Darr welcomed - s" In Re: All Asb. Lit. 420 OF 495 4n? rip 4Rn J12. f\ T) Ttivnty-fifth National Safety Congress ia think, inability to draw a personal les- accident l6sses.<,Thc larger employer, as n from the experience of others, over* rwell, cannot afford to overlook the 6itua* ronMence and a desire to make good on tton--his losses, through waste of time, hr Job. These can only be -tvercome by money and materials, will seriously affect earrfiti and systematic handlingfOn the his profits and hold his company- up to (art of the supervisor. His is the respon* the public as a very inefficient organize* bility of putting over to the worker the, tion. The ever -increasing cost of com* ^alur and advantages resulting from a' pensation insurance will undoubtedly be a cloer observance of rigid safety inspec* factor in forcing more consideration for ton*. " ' ' Systematic Organized Safety Effort . well organized safety work. Personally, I emphasize the side of humanity above the dollar and am satisfied from long ex* There should be little need <6 srtilte a perienee-that where`humanity rules, the plea fnr more concected action' along this profits-will be satisfactory. Where a real hne. As safety men, we know how eas safety program is followed, without doubt ily the small employer could he put out ' efficiency and economy of the highest or ! business as the result of even a few der will also prevail. The Present Status of Control of Dust and Fumes in Industry C By H. B. MEL'LER % Managing Director, Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc.; Head, Air Pollution Investigation, Mellon Institute of'lndiiatrial Research, Pittsburgh, Pa. The problem divides itself naturally into ' Clarstfication of Dusts medical, preventive engineering ajid legis , There are* available different published lative phases, and includes consideration' <f the responsibilities of employer and employee to each other and to, the. public. It is axiomatic t{at, in case of physical classifications of dusts. Included in such classifications are dusls, the exposure to inhalation of which are, or are likely to be, occupational. , Those that are inher- disorder, impairment of function or dis -cntly toxic'when inhaled or otherwise ab ability, the more thoroughly the cause and sorbed and which cause systemic poison course of action are known, the more- ing, include lead, arsenic, mercury, man- certainly can possible remedies be applied gad'ese. Examples of dusts which* have or . preventive measures taken. r, the ability to penetrate, thi deep lung tis-. In the diseases or affections under con sues and to be retained there are quaVtz, sideration, there ar^ facts upon)which pre ' flint, chert, asbestos, talc, coal, iron, clay, ventive methods are based, and upon slate, and other types of rock dust. which further studies now in course >r Attention here will be centered upon contemplated are, t least in part, pftdi- this last group and upon pneumoconiosis, cated. '* '. /. the general term used to designate lung During the development of thfc present conditions caused by dust. Silicosis, which state of knowledge of the influence of is caused by the inhalation of free silica, some air `contaminants on health, natu has been prominent recently in the publie rally many theories were advanced that press, sometimes in s way that made mis later scientific work has modified or dis understanding possible, if not probabls. placed. However, hot always has the Aside from silica, many of the insoluble correction been as widely and* thoroughly .mineral dusts inuy bring about slight disseminated as was the original theory;* changes in the lung tissues, which may be .this condition, perhaps, has led to some demonstrated on the roentgenogram it confusion in the minds of many who have there is silica in the dust that ia inhaled. not followed too closely the evolution of As far as if known today, most of them knowledge in this field.,/ ` arc relatively or entirety harmless; In Re: All Asb. Lit. 421 OF 495 /,n9 nc. /,cn 1 tlal dar ent (SI per of bre am .tali the de: so c tioi pot hat rea cat tos sin ser ) of> vid oft nth in as wa 1 cot imi ser vat grt f die all; tio en adi cul K It ret of les .. P co in< sh- ll. . no Metals Section 313 r*. c > v Ik' ' Ability of Dusts to Cuh Injury ; It has been established that tile poten tiality of silicious dusts to cause lung damage is; with few exceptions, depend-, cnt upon their content of free silica (SiO). The. development of sltieosls de pends, therefore; upon the concentration of dust containing free silica' in the air breathed. In other words, the total amount of free silica breathed and re gained seems, to be thi primary factor; the length of time necessary for a suffi cient accumulation is important^-but less so than the total load. , *0 Silica occurs also -in.chemical combina: tion in silicates. Some of these com pounds have been proved to be relatively harmless to health, some are still In the 'realm bf doubt, and one--asbestos--may cause the Industrial disease called asbes.* tosis, which is the result of lung damage similar to, but not Identical with nor as serious u, that p^duced by free silica. of thd* silicotic process toward tluE* stage o( disablement except through limiting or preventing further exposure to silica dust. Nor has medical tqhcncS found c* way to prevent tuberculosis from being super imposed upon** silicosis, except through control, of contact The course of silico- tuberculosis is chronic and is very diffi cult to influence by treatment, according to phjhfcloffgihJ. . Medical Control. As a basis'*for intelli gent determination of the physical fitness of. a man for a, Job in a dusty trade, physical examination, .with stereoscopic roentgenograms of the. chest, is necessary. Along with this stud/gocs, naturally, the preparation - of ah occupational history with Retail as to the exact nature of previ ous, ftork and of exposure to industrial dust--not a valueless0 recording of oceu. patloni as 'laborer," "machinist" etc. Dr. Sayers, of the U. S. Public Health Service, has developed a nfethod of securjng infommion for a, proper occupa- ^Importance of Particle Size. The sue tional history; among others. Cummings, of* dust particles In the air which an indi- /'jgf sarjnac Laboratory, alsoQias worked % ;dual may breathe it Imp^rtaht. Not- often are partiecles,. larger than 10 or 12 microns found in tlje deep lungs, except in the case of asbestos dust, where fibers as long as 200 microns have worked their way down lengthwise.' out a useful history,blank. $ Standards have been developed for the diagnosis of silicosis/9 There is also a suitable technic for taking roentgeno grams of the'chest in o(dcr to bring out the characteristic lung changes. Uncomplicated Silicosis. Silicosis, un complicated by an infection, is more of an impairment than a disability. It is .not seriously disabling until it reaches an ad vanced stage, and docs not of itself greatly shorten the life of a silicotic. SUIco-TuberculosIs. When a silicotic dUiIeCs0,f IMhIeC iImflllVmICedQiIaatiCe cCaBuUs8Ce ofI dQeCaXtUhi iIt*y u11s9u11* ally some type of-intervening lung fnfec- From the considerable amount of work that has been done, it is possible to fore cast with va reasonable degree of accu racy the silicosis potentiality of various dusts. o ' Periodic physical examinations,,mciudr ing roentgenograms, are essential if cm- * At it% * i.^ SJoiure 1 i u 5* SiP!* : and intelligently to transfer JScted. work- ence of s|lica in the lungs increases sus- j,,., ^nnrikirtmtTnni before ccptlblllly Jk,,. h,n M/ adult with silicosis Is exposed to tuber cutosli, an active Infection may occur, re gardless of the previous state of health. It is thought probable that silica dust can reactivate healed tuberculous lung lesions of the adult type; how long after such lesions have* healed the reactivation is possible Is not certain. Exposure of stii-'tlci to tuberculosis or of tuberculous dlvlduats to liliefr dust is serious and out a'fcy&tem of rotation where indicated as desirable in order that exposure may be intermittent Such examinations are helpful'nlso in showing the'efficiency of engineering coptrol methods. The ability to place responsibility* in case }of claim for injury is no small part of the value of such initial and periodic examinations. *. r should be avoided/ , Asbestoais. Clinical experience has After silicosis lias become well estab shown that the inhalation of a sufficient lished in tbe lungs, medical science has amount of asbestos dust causes-a scriouji. nolt found a wty to arfest thf progress type of fibroils, which is not accompanied O In Re: All Asb. Lit. 422 OF 495 AfMrflF /iRfl `O * -Metals Section*^ r, 315 biiltjr'for potential efficiency upon (lje , Some metaji-mining companies have manufacturer. . - gone further, setting the maximum ol There It available comparatively UUle permissible dustiness at 5 million particle* information upon which to base the scien per cubic foot. tific design, of hoods. Thfc Preventive. urninl.r, ttyere It a degree of air clean Engfaq$rinflf Committee of Air Hygiene, liness .that is safe, from the standpoint of * Foundation Includes in its. recent report concentration of harmful dust. But the a table of minimum air velocities tg cap* engineer may find himself in the position ttfre certain Industrial dusts '(for use in of practically heing forced to control any granite cutting, .pain, elevators, j>aini dust, harmful or otherwise, if he would spraying, sand pulvcrlltiag and .electric protect his employers against suit* at welding). common law and the possibility of award For protective equipment such as dust gt damages to men who have breathed respirators, air supplied musics, sand blast dust containing little or no free silica. A faclmqts, and goggles, -very complete 'in*, dusty workplace is difficult to defend in formation is available, because of the work court Neither courts nor compensation of the U. S. ^Bur&u of Mines,* the Bu boards, and certainly not juries, have reau of Standards, and the American -*'seemed to -be greatly impressed with a Standards Association fit preparing and. low silica dust count in an otherwise issuing specifications to be' met if the dusty a^nosphere. .equipment is to* be used under conditions Quotiifg from ^ne of the reports re* where approval* is necessary. > -. , ferred to: "Each State is s unit--a sorer* Of course,'Sll agree that, where posSli ble, dust 'should be controlled at the source, and protective'' equipment used wh'ere this action*cannot be accomplished. . ,, c' 1'* 7 Permissible Dustineft. 0 eten--and it .handles its problems in its own way. Uniformity Is lacking, although of course the statutes of many states tre s)mliar. The courts ol the various states follow such precedents ai*ap0eal to them; conseqdentty, oq any important question, thereto likely to be a divergence of opln- * There are various (figures that have been " Ian among the courts, and often the and are being usetfas guides' to permissi courts fall intp two or more groups, each ble dustiness where free silica is present* group, following a different,-,theory with It should be noted that many of the data respect to Qj'e'same, legal problem." were not determined as the medical re quirement, but as beipg attainable in ^ 'Workmen's Compensation Acts . good practice and apparently satisfactory from a safety standpoint. * In South Africa the figure is 1- milli gram per cable meter (or 300 particles per cubic centimeter, or approximately 8.5 mitlion ocr cubic foot). c Dr. Causa found in 1917 in the Joplin,, Mo., district that, with good engineering* practice, a figure of 1 milligram per 1Q0"' Worjpnenls .confirmation* acts have beta .passed in. 46 states (all, except Arkansas .abd Mississippi)* and the Dis trict of Columbia. These acts are com pulsory as to. private employers in IS slates andacle&tlvg in .31`"states. Insur ance to cover the risk is compulsory in, seven states. ^* liters of air could be attained. * <- * A state fund, out of which compensa The U. & Publie Health Service, in its tion is qiaidj. js maintained in 18 states: study in the hfithracite region of-Fennsyl- in two of these the employer may, by vanla, found that 50 million particles per .* provin^financial responsibility, carry his cubic foot with 5 per cent quarts, in the * own risk with limiters contribution to the coarse dust and 10 mil|jon particle? per state fund for the expense of administra cubic foot with 35 per cent quirts were tion'; In U'tnore ofcthis group df states apparently satisfactory *and ofte'A were (he employer ij. not required to avail attained. cj nimseU of 'the privileges olrthe state fund The figure of I0-20rnlllion particles per and may provide compensation otherwise. uublc fbot for granite dust with 35 per In 28 states there is no provision for a' cent quarts content is often quoted frbm state compensation fynd. - * - * the Vermont granite studies of the U. S. " Administration of the compensation act Public Health Service. *' is-vested In a commission,-board, orsingle c *i - - ' 'to Of 480 In Re: All Asb. Lit. 423 OF 495 SJ Metals Section 6 6 c o 317 jl Examination After Claim for Disability studied separately for detailr. but in each Arises occupational disease, including silicosis, No two state acts contain Identical pro- is compensable _ vision#, but in all (including the.District * The importance of roentgenograms in of Columbia) that have compensation any thorfiigl^hysitd examination for acts, there it provisKm'for physical ex*' pneumoconiosis is well known. This im aminatioa after claim fordisability arises. portance is recognised Sn the Acts of . Ia five states (Kentucky^ Massachlisetts. Mew York, North Carolfrta, and New Jersey, New York,' North Carolina, and (West Virginia. ^ West1 Virginia), definite recognition has been given to the 'importance of some sort of medical board composed of spe Medical Treatment In t^e 17 states (incltr&iitg<'Ma`ryland) cially qualified physicians and 'surgeons, in which occupational disease- is, to some and charged with the duty of diagnosing " extent, compensable, the acts usually en occupational disease and q( advising the title the'* claimant to a limited amount of administrative board or commission with medicat, surgical, and hospital care, meas respect thereto. The laws of these five ured in money 'cost* or length of time states are quite different and should be covered by treatment ~ Cr * These paints were raised im"the di$- 2. Is It advisable to limit the number cussion following the addresses: of students pyr'*teacher? .. 1. How much time is required for ,, Ten students pej instructor is a good . pmpleting a training course? * ratlpA-K . .. * Mr. Davison said that the training ' ' -jS^irhicb gases present`the greatest course in their plant ordinarily codeixd a harzarda In welding? ' 'J period of one and one-half years, oUt that Silicon gases are the most harmful, some students completed it sooner. The The risk, however, has largely been over- ' time required depends upon the Individ- come by m<jiufacturer$V,of welding sup- ual. .. plies. ' t ' - > fir O' THURSDAY MORNING SESSION 0, o October 8, 1936., x ,, 1 'i o v> Metals Section Safety Contest O Two hundred and two Units, were reg- certificates were awarded in the Contest. iatered In the 1936 Contest of the Metals * The plaques were presented by John B. Section. During the Contest period! ' Gibson, Publicity Director, Hawthorne 267,792 employees worked .561,788,579 works, Western Electric Company, Chi man-hours with an average' frequency cago, .and Vice President for. Community ate of 8.030, a decrease of 4 per cent Safety Councils, National-Sdtety' Council, from the 1935 rate of 8.3S4. Ninety-five as follows: ,J ' O units completed the Contest with a fre Steel Mills Division, Group A--Conti quency rate below the average, and 8 nental Steel Corporation, Kokomo Divi per cent of the units finished with per sion; Kokomo, Indiana, 4,141,806 man fect records. Nhlctecn plaqups and eight hours, 12 injuries. <. ' In Re: All Asb. Lit. . 424 OF 495 /.nc nc i nil 1 ll 484 Twenty-fifth National Safety Congress which had been followed during the past of exhibitors in providing attractive dis year. * plays; providing exhibitors with daily Report of Exhibits Committee. The registration of delegates; publicizing the Committee reported that definite steps cidiibits. ' had been taken to assure good attendance Report of Program Committee. The at the National Exposition in the Conven-- Committee reported that a series of talks lion Halt, and that these measures in- on five different subjects had been pre eluded the following: ! pared for presentation at the National Routing of delegates through the Ex* Safety Congress. (A record of the Safety hihit Hall: suitable notices in programs; Equipment session will be found else luncheon and cloakroom* facilities; an . where in these proceedings.) "Exhibit Day" in each Section program; Other reports presented were those of a worth-while attendance prise, with eligi the Publicity Committed, the Finance bility limited to delegates who allowed a Committee, the Activities Committee and real interest in the exhibits; cooperation the Membership Committee. Meeting of October 6, 1936 The meeting was called to order by Chairman T. A. Willson, who had been re-elected. Executive Secretary A. O. Doniface acted as secretary of the meet ing. George Shull, J. D. Davies and C. H. Callaway were appointed directors. It was agreed that committee appoint ments.would be nude later by the Execu tive Committee and that members would be notified of the results by mall. It was voted to continue the positions of executive secretary and assistant treasurer on the present basis. ADJOURNMENT Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers Who Exhibited at the Twenty-Fifth National Safety Congress and Exposition Atlantic City, N. J.( October 5-9, 1936 Billroom--Convention Auditorium Aetna Casualty Sc Surety Company, Hartford, Conn. , Automobile Driving Tests. American Abrasive Metals Company, Irvington, N. J. Safety Treads for Walkways and Safety Gratings. American La-France 8c Foamitc Industries, Inc., Elmira, N*. Y. Fire Extinguishing Equipment. In Re: All Asb. Lit. 425 OF 495 ' AM nr /.cn Safety Equipment Section 4H5 American Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Boston, Mass. Insurance, Workmen's Compensation, Property Damage, and General Autnmnbilf American Optical Company, Southbridge, Mhss. Head and Eye Protection Products. Arntxen, Inc, Chicago, Illinois. . Auxiliary Emergency Stretcher and First Aid Equipment. Arrovay Traffic Signal Corporation, Kingsport, Tenn. Traffic Control* Signals. Associated Guard Manufacturers, Chicago, tU. Dust Cqntrol Units and Mechanical Safety Guards. Frank E. Barnes Company, Chicago, Illinois. Electrician's .Rubber Gloves. ! Beacon Corporation, Minneapolis, Minnesota Direction and Danger Signals for Motor Transport Vehicles. Bcndix Products Corporation, South Bend, Indiana, Automotive Equipment Robert A Bernhard, Rochester, New York. First Atd Supplies. ' Blatchford Corporation, Chicago, Illinois. Traffic Signals and Markers. Bradley Washfountaln Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Group Washing Equipment Stewart R. Browne Manufacturing Company, New York Cily. Safety and Special Purpose Lights and Lamps, i Brown Shoe Company, St. Louis, Missouri. . Men's and Women's Safety Shoes. - K. H. Buhrke Company, Chicago, Illinois. Safety Equipment for Construction and Maintenance. . - E. D, Bullard Company, San Francisco, Calif. *- Industrial and Mining Safety Equipment. Burroughs Wellcome & Company, (U. S. A.), Inc., New York City. First Aid Kits and Medical Equipment. , ` H. Childs & Company, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Footwear. '' Cities Service Company, New York City.. Oils and Gasoline. * Columbus-McKinnon Chain Corporation, Tonawanda, N. Y. Alloy Steel Sling Chains. - .- H. S. Cover, South B.end, Indiana. * Respirators and Safety Goggles. Crouse-Hinds Company, Syracuse, New York. Traffic Signals and Flood Lights. . Davis Emergency Equipment Company, Inc., New York City. First Aid and Safety Equipment. C. H. Dockson Co., Detroit, Mich. * . Head and Eye Protection. _ Do-More Chair Company, Elkhart, Indiana. Posture*Health Chairs for Office and Factory. Dual Parking Meter Company, Oklahoma City, Okla. Parking Meter Equipment. Donald S. Duncan,Jac., Chicago, III. Parking Meter Equipment. ^ . Eagle. Signal Corporation, Moline, 111. ^ Traffic Signals. * ` , ' In Re: All Asb. Lit. 426 OF 495 -~ 408 OF 4G0 m Twenty-fifth National Safety Congress Elliott Service Company, New York City. Klimilotion of Waste, Promotion of Efficiency and Safely. Fairway Laboratories, Inc., Bciteville. III. ' Anti-fatigue and Heat Exhaustion Antidote Tablets and Dispensing Equipment. General Electric Company, Schenectady, N. Y. . Electrical Equipment, '. * ' Ixiuis Gerber, New York City. ** nOON the Glove Invisible. '' Harley E&vidson Motor Company, Milwaukee, Wis. - Police Motorcycles ahd Equipment. Hie Highway Safety Signal Company, Baltimore, Md. Double Filament Traffic Lamps and Color Design Traffic l.ciuc*. Holcomb 'Safety Garment Company, Chicago, 111. Industrial Safety Clothing. Hoof Products Company, Chicago, III. Motor Vehicle Speed Control Go\*emors. Huntington Laboratories, Inc., Huntington, Ind. Disinfecting and Sanitation Products. Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc* Baltimore, Md. Mercurochrome Antiseptic for First Aid Application. Indian Motorcycle .Company, Springfield, Mass. Police Motorcycles and Equipment. Industrial Gloves Corporation, Danville, III. Steel Grip Gloves and Safety Apparel. Industrial Products Company, Philadelphia, l'a. . Accident Prevention Equipment. International Shoe Comptyty, St. l.oui*. Mo. Safety Shoes. ^ Keystone Coat & Apron Manufacturing Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa. Service Uniforms for Industrial Purposes. " Keystone View Company, Mcadvitle, Pa. Visual Safety Tests. Walter Kidde & Company, Inc., New York City. Fire Extinguishing Systems and Portable Extinguisher*. Walter G.-Lcgge Company, New. York City. Compounds for Cleaning and'Treating Moor*. Lehigh Safety Shoe Company, Allentown, Pa. Leather and-Rubber Safety Shoes.' Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Ma**. Automobile and Industrial Safety Service. The Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co.; Lima, Ohio. Non-slip Soles and Heels. Liquid Carbonic Corporation, Chicago. III. Fumigant for Infestation Control. Macwhyte Company, Kenosha, Wis. Wire Ropt and Braided Slings. Martindale Electric Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Dust Respirators and Highway Safety Signals. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York City. Insurance, Industrial Group, etc. Milburn Company, Detroit, Mich. Protective Creams for Prevention of Occupational Skin |)ira*c. Mine Safety Appliances Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Appliances and First-Aid Materials. In Re: All Asb. Lit. 427 OF 495 /,na nc /.cn * Safety Equipment Section 487 Monarch Governor Company, Detroit, Mich. Automobile Speed Control Devices. * National Bureau of Casualty & Surety Underwriters, New York City.''**~ V Casualty Insurance. *.* % National Carbon Company, Inc., New York City. ' Equipment for Battery*Operated Devices. National Safety Council, Inc., Chicago. III. Poster, Bureau of Information, Research and Education Division*. Parkritc Corporation, Houston, Tex. Parking Meter Equipment . Patent Scaffolding Company, Chicago, 111. Safety Ladders and Scaffolds. Protectoseal Company, Chicago, III. . Safety Devices for Hazardous Liquids. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corporation, Brooklyn, N. Y. Respiratory Protection and General Safety Equipment. Pyrene Manufacturing Company, Newark, N. J. Fire Protection Equipment. . . Railway and Industrial Engineering Co., Greensburg, Pa. Interlocking Systems. * Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Company, Inc., Columbus, Neb. Wooden Sole Safety Shoes. Rose Manufacturing Company, Denver, Colo. Ladder Shoes, Window Cleaners' Safety Belts. 'Safeguard Electric Company, Inc.,.Brooklyn,'N. Y. Shockproof Portable Lamp Guards. Safety Engineering, Alfred M. Best Company, Inc., New York City. ' "Safety Engineering," Insurance Publications and Reports. Safety Equipment Service Company, Cleveland, Ohio. . * Goggles and All Types of Accident Prevention Equipment. Safety First Shoe Company, Holliston, Mass. ` Safety Shoes. Safety Shoe Company. New York City. Safety Shoes. . _' . W. H. Salisbury & Company, Inc,, Chicago, IlL * .- Linchten's Rubber Protective Devices. * . W. W. Sly Manufacturing Co., Cleveland, Ohio. , Dual Control Equipment it Respiratory Protective Devices. Spencer Turbine Company, Hartford, Conn. Heavy Duty Vacuum Cleaners and* Dust Collecting Equipment- Standard Safety Equipment Company, Chicago, 111. Dust Protective and Safety Equipment *' Stonehouse Signs, Inc., Denver, Colo. Accident Prevention Signs and Tags. Strauss Company, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Bells, Foot Guards, Safety Hats. - . Sugar Beet Products Company, Saginaw, Mich. Industrial* SoatfsT't t ^ .* Surety Rubber Company, Cartpllton, Ohio. _# . Linemen's Safety Equipment and. Synthetic Rubber Industrial Equipment. Jbhn S. Titiey l-adder Company, Inc., WatcrvHct, N. Y.` Safety ladders and Scaffolding. Traffic Toy, .Inc., Canton, Ohio. Traffic Warning Signs. In Re: All Asb. Lit. 428 OF 495 /.tn nr /.on Weaver Manufacturing'-Company, Springfield, IU. Automotive Testing Equipment - West Disinfecting Company, Long Istahd City. N. Y. - Products for the Promotion of Sanitation. Willson Products, Inc, Reading, Pa. Personal 'Protective Devices. (! In Re: All Asb. Lit. 429 OF 495 411 0F4GQ 25 th National Safety Congress NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, Inc. ATLANTIC CITY, NEW JERSEY OCTOBER 5 ter OCTOBER 9,1936 Ambassador, Chelsea, Ritz*Grlton Hotels and Atlantic City .Auditorium CtpyttiM, 1916, NiUoiul Stilly Coonttl, Inc. In Re: All Asb. Lit. 430 OF 495 /.in nr tnn v*.* . ' * Accident Prevention Equipment ' . Manufacturers Who Exhibited at the 25th National Safety Con*re** and Exposition Atlantic City, N. J.. October 5*9. 1936 . . Baf/room--Convention Auditorium Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., Hartford, Conn Automobile Driving Teen. American Mutual liability Ins. (*>. It<nt<<n, Mat* Insurance, Workmen** 0<tti|cii*aiii. l'roj*eri lUn*j -1 1 1 - AmUcn,Inc, Chicago, III. Auxiliary Emergency Stretcher ami Fit Aid rji-j'**^,-* Arroway TraRic Signal Crp. Kmg*|wirt. Imn Traffic Control Signals. Beacon Corp, Minneapolis, Minn Direction and Danger Signal* (nr M> 1t*u*p*i* Vl'~'* Bendix Products Corji, South Itrud. tint . ' Automotive `Equipment. Dlatchlord Corporation. Chicago. III. Traffic Signals and Marker* Cities Service Co., New York City. ' Oils and Gasoline. - Crouse-Hinds Company, Syracuw. X Y Traffic Signals and Klmut light* Dual Parking Meter Co, Oklahoma City, ttkla Parking Meter Equipment. Donald S. Duncan, Inc, Chicago. lit. Parking Meter Equipment. Eagle Signal Corp, Moline, lit. ' Traffic Signals. General Electric Co, Schenectady. X V. Electrical Equipment. Harley Davidson Motor Co. Milwaukee, \\'i Police Motorcycles and Equipment The Highway Safety Signal G, llaltimore. Md Double Filament Traffic l-amp* and Color l)e*ign I rathe I otm HjMfcjEwiucts Co, Chicago, 111. jTOurvelilcle Speed Control Governors. Indian Motorcycle Co, Springfield. Mass. . Police Motorcycles and Equipment. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. Automobile and Industrial Safety Service. Mastindale Electric Co, Cleveland, Ohio. Dust Respirators and Highway Safety Signal* - Monarch Governor Co, Detroit. Mich, Automobile Speed Control Governor*. National Carbon Co, Inc, New York City. Equipment for Battery Operated Devices. Parkritc Corporation Houston, Texas. Parking Meter Equipment. . Traffic Boy, Inc, Canton. Ohio. Traffic Warning Signs. ... . U. Steel Corporation te Subsidiaries. Pittsburgh, Pa Street'and Highway Markers and Highway Guardi. Weaver Manufacturing Co, Springfield, 111. Automobile Testing Equipment. 141 ` . .- ` In Re: All Asb. Lit. 431 OF 495 /.iq nc /.cn V 4*4 *** by an unduly high incidence of tubercu tions in air are recorded gravimetrically losis. ' * as milligrams per cubic meter. Other* . Other dusts and silicate compounds so (as silica, where size it a factor in de-1, ftr studied produce, at most, only a mild terininlng dangerous particles),' are given non-progressive reaction*'In the lungs, by count Neither method gives the provided there is no 'significant amount whole story, but in both cases it may be of free silica in thei{ composition. /White possible'to secure the Information neces not ser'ous clinically, such conditions may sary for the purpose. give rise to considerable litigation. _ Ip one of the reports referred to earlier, Adequate statistics on morbidity and there occurs this statement;-- "There ia mortality frqnOoccupaUofial disease, to no doubt in the mind of anyone familiar serve as a basis for effectively focussing with the present dust-sampling and dust the efforts to study and controt dust dis-, estimating methods that they will be ' cater of the lungs,'are non-existent amended and changed from time to .time. In concluding this section, the follow At .the present writing we would advise ing quotation froth a court decision Jn :the use of the simplest possible procedures Wisconsin is pertinent (Schaefer v. In where dust control atone is in question. dustrial Commission, 26$ N. /W; x390 If one wishes (o obtain values which can (Supreme Court, February, J93o)): be compared with published data, it is N. . . It will be necessary to dlstin- generally necessary to copy with consid guiih carefully between medical or patho erable care the technic used in the origi logical disability and actual physical In nal case. This is another way of admit capacity to work. The medical. bxperts ting the annoying fact that results by ppsrently ignore this distinction, and so one method are usually not comparable increase ;|he difficulty of arriving at a just to those obtained by another method." result under the law." . * * In another place, the report says: "It is very doubtful if any useful purpose is cuIsts.winouaPldrtee.bcvehennniteciveaedl .leEwsna^gyirnetepheeertiinteigonng.intoeIed-riisn-g^__-otsreperlmvyeedelyxcubdsyeensfdoeertedsruumcshitnidncagotnacaeIscncttruoartasiothenolsyw--etthhxee phases of dust control. All Interested are akfcptic that the workplace Is much dustier referred Jo "Industrial Dust," by Drinker than it should be. . . . and Hatch, which -deals comprehensively "It is probable that any sampling pro with the subject; lj. S. Bureau of Mines cedure which fixes concentrations in Information Circulars 6840 and 6848, by groups 100 per cent apart is sufficient and Harrington and Davenport, a review of that the results of any attempts to come literature on "Prevention of Dust Dis closer to the concentration at the moment eases"; U. S. Public Health Service Bul of sampling are simply misleading. Thus letin 217, by Bloomfield and DallaValle, ranges such as 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40, etc., on "The Determination and Control, of suffice for dust control." Industrial Dust"; Report Z9'of the Amer As dust particles in the lungs are of ican Standards Association; and to the the order of I micron, with rarely a U. S. Bureau of Mines for a list of ap particle oyer 10 microns, dust control (or proved protective devices. . _ hygienic reasons should be'aimed at parti It may be said that, in general,-the cles in the size range found to have been engineering, specialist can and will devise breathed and retained. Again guoting: the necessary equipment to meet the con "... if one could avoid use of the dusts ditions specified to him. But the setting of I micron or teas or exclude them from of limits of permissible* dust concentra the dust which passes a 325-mesh screen, tion ii not his but the physician's respon nearly all dust diseases would be elimi sibility. The engineer is concerned with nated." keeping dustiness to or below the limits at present considered satisfactory. Dust Elimination Obviously, it Is belter, when possible, . Methods of Determining Dust Some dusts '(as lead) are determined by chemical methods and the concentra to purchase equipment already supplied with exhaust hqod, rattier than to have to worry to fit one to equipment not de signed to be hooded. Thus the responsi- In Re: All Asb. Lit. 432 OF 495 4I410F,4GB-~'`'**