Document pB2E6XQJ8mqxD1rg42aqrXMkj

204 1918 YEAR BOOK Zenith Zinc Oxide Two Brands of Leaded Zincs, POLAR and ARCTIC, each ' perfected in Color, Fineness and Uniformity. Zenith _ Zinc Dust Over 90% through 350 mesh. Reducing Power 97/98%. THE American Metal Company LIMITED NEW YORK ST. LOUIS DENVER ' Western Selling Agents S. H. Stewart Co., Peoples Gas Bldg., Chicago LBW 0010681 OIL PAINT AND DRUG REPORTER 205 g o v e r n me n t PAINT CONSUMPTION ADVANCED PRICES IN 1918. Ever.V branch of ths paint industry during tbs year ..,j< u r s affected by the same general conditions. In many different branches there were peculiar condiwul this does not alter tbe truth of the statement that conditions affected ail branches of the industry in 2Tmuch the same manner. In the first place, there was !!m considered a- greatly Increased cost of production, due m flirt '0 the higher cost of labor and In part to the higher raw materials. In some Instances ths higher cost ITra* materials was the result of the higher labor cost, lid tn -\nw cases a result of the shutting off of foreign High costs from any reason results in decreased ijijumt iion: but under wax conditions the decrease in mn*um;>aon incident to high values was not nearly as imporunt a mutter as the decrease in consumption which ths gov*nsient found It necessary to arbitrarily command In irdcr (hat men and material might be available for the vtr uses of the government. the restrictions upon general building operations were ,uch as to make tbe general domestic demand almost nil. TO orders that came in from the government tor actual wir wort were what served to keep the trade going dur ing most of the year. When hostilities finally cessed--at s ume vhn government consumption vu at Its highest point--' '* paint Industry was largely working for ths gov ernment It was government demand that made it pos sible ;-.ie Industry to continue In business at a time hen conditions were affecting the industry In every dtfect :.r.d indirect manner conceivable. Lead Prices Advanced. The government needed lead. This fact forced an ad vance of lead pigments. The government needed acids used is the manufacture of certain dry colors. Therefore, adds only became obtainable to color makers. If at all. at unusual prices. So it was with other materials. To offset this the government was a very heavy consumer of almost every thing the trade produced, and It was willing to pay the prices which were forced by the situation. The: * was no opportunity for the consumption of much pain: ,:u paint materials in new private construction vork. r.ause this work was practically confined, by goveraoer.: regulations, to essential wax construction. The hifh cost of materia] made it inadvisable for repainting to be done; and the whole Industry--when the fighting ceased--was doing its bit by delivering as promptly as poesible on government orders and neglecting general business. When the armistice came there was no industry which more quickly recognized that the period of a return to Bensalcy must be a long one. There was no attempt made to force conditions which permitted of no forcing. There tu no sudden let up in government orders for this sort of goods, as there was in some used for mors warlike pur poses. There was a decrease In government consumption from the day the fighting ceased, but the decrease waa a fairly gradual one. The fact that the government's am bitious shipbuilding plans were to be carried out. at least to a very large extent, mads the government continue to bs a heavy consumer of many sorts of paints and paint materials. , , Contracts Generally Maintained. In most lines there was no cancelling of contracts pre viously placed. At the same Ume there was no immediate Improvement in the general domestic demand--nor was aucb a thing expected. Most consumers looked for lower prices as a result of ths end of the war, and were therefore in clined to withhold orders waiting for the price readjustment they so confidently anticipated. This position was a natural and logical one. and yet conditions were all against sud den price changes. The result was that the closing weeks of the year saw a very dun market. Tbe war was over, the restrictions were being rapidly withdrawn, the outlook for an active domestic and export business was good; and yet it was not a time to attempt to force matters, more especially not a time to Invite de moralisation by sudden radical changes based upon future possibilities. The end of hostilities was follvwed by a decline tn the price of pig lead and some other basic raw materials tn the paint industry; but there was ..o reduction in the cost of labor--a most important matter In all lines--and none was looked for. Consumers Waiting for Changes. The producer, the middleman and the retailer has been waiting since the close of the active warfare in Europe for the ultimate consumer to begin to express his needs in orders. The ultimate consumer has been waiting for a price readjustment to meet his views of the situation. There has been no possibility of any action that would force the situation: but the tact that there was. as a rule, no accumulation of stocks in any hands was a very strong feature of the situation. The producer was not stocked up. He had been working for the government to a great extent, and the government did not refuse delivery on its orders as a rule. The middleman had no Incentive to accumulate stocks. The retailer, if he was at all a merchant, had a chance to sell his stocks clean at good profits; so that when the demand starts it will be reflected with wonderful promptness from ths consumer to the producer or im porter of the basic raw materials of the trade. A review of the prices of the years means little as a basis of comparison of normal values because general conditions have governed tbe entire market These conditions were of to unusual a nature that they will never be known again, and In each separate item of the trade there have been peculiar conditions, now forever things of tbs past. Paint Specifications as Established by the U. S. Government. American paint Industry was ons of tbe very first at A the outbreak of the war to offer the free services of Its leaders and experts to the various departments of the ssvernment. The history of the nnoeasing efforts of the War wvics Committee of the Paint Industry forms aa inter- wung contribution to this subject. This committee worked iVW* under most intense pressure, new paints of many roe* that were immediately required for war use and which wpived great skill In preparation. The following list. h covers only part of tbe paints which they designed, naicateg the varied types of paint products used tn war- KJ*- Every article, from wood ammunition boxes to steel BWrr*`,`*. received a specially designed coating. Sp*:.ftCalion# drawn up by the War Service Cora- of tho paint Industry for the following government Apartments;-- Ordnance Department. .PUflti for Field Artillery.--Very quick drying eUre drab point; rein* ***4 red u*d points Week eteneil pests: brown enamel primer; lire enamel; orans* shellac varnish; raw linseed oil; turpentine min- *2* 1Pms: Crier; petty; dret coat priming ter woodwork. Patou.--Whites light olive green; Woe gray; erartn gray;. "4I! creen; yellow; blue: wnsliuoa. See-oaot Seetton (Faints for Coast Arttilery Equipment) .-Stand *** drth; soeeial quick-drying ellve drab: white paint and tints on a white base; drab paint for guaa etc-: nllvo greea paint; green paint for eeaeenat carriages: reinforced red lead paint: a1*'. paint, quick drying; sraphite paint; aepbaltum paint; brown . primer: white paint for targets, etc.: metallic red paint: g* *bite pntnt: white enamel, quick drying: red paint: stencil * * first cent for woodwork: transparent lacquer: putty: orange varnieh: raw iineoed ml; turpentine; miseral epirita; drier; per -srntsh: eteneil white. Cleaning and Preserving Division.--Beady-mixed pelnts; eUre drab, whit* enamel: black natnt: isoha itum paint: vermilion; lampblack: white lead In oil: white lead, basic earbenatt: wnue lend, haste eelphate; raw or refined Itussid ell: turpentine: belled linseed ell: paint drier: brawn enamel printer, rad lead paint; helmet paint: caateen paint. Camouflage Division.--Special optically active paint; raw linseed on: turpentine; mineral spirits; paint drier; solvent naphtha: alcohol: orange eheitae varnieh: water glass: boras: granular sodium carbonate: hid# ghic; oil soluble steins: wfitte lead, beetc selpbate: loaded tine: barytes: whiting; Indinn red: Venetian red: lampblack: ocher; umber: tonne; para red: Prussian blue; ultramarine blue: limeproof greea: liquid tor htat-rvaLatins palatal llenid tot rapid-drTtag metal paint: medium chrome yellow: orange chrome yellow: lemon chrome ysuew; chrome green; reetn-lineeed oil-water Iteuld: ell emulsion. Motor Equipment Division.--Special quick-drying olive drab point. General Engineer Depot.--Metal protective paint: pain* for knock down houses: mw Unseed all: boiled Uneeed ell: turpentine: volatile mineral epirita: drier; varnieh: aspbaltum varnish: Mack enamel; black paint; blue palat: bright red oxide paint: braose green paint: brown enamel primer; camouflage colors, yellow, green, cream, black; copper paint: dark rad aside paTnti deek and fleer paint: extorter can tonment paint, tray: exterior cantonment palat. green: fire retardant paint; interior cantonment paint: grapblta>.palnt; my paint: srar paint* special quick drying; lampblack tn ell; traded sine: olive omb palat. epecul quick drying; olive green point: orange eheilae varnish; paint and varnish remover; projectile palate, white, light ellve green, blue gray, warm gray. blue, green, vermilion, yel low. black: putty: reinforced red lend peine: eesl braim. .paint: state paint: stencil black; stencil white: vurmlilen palat. liquid; verauuon Sint, pui; white enamel; white lead, baste carbonate- white lead. 10 sulphate: white lead aad tints made on n wnue baao; wntte tar get paint: weed filler: sine white paint. r Shipping Board. Paint for Steel Ship*.-White palat: tow visibility gray color: beet topping paint, elaia color: vanish: anti-toireelve bottom paint; anti routine buttem paint; bituminous solution, espnatt: bituminous enamel. iwiiaU: bituminous solution, coal ter: bituminous saemel, coal ter; band-raised red lead paint. LBW 0010682 DUP110137499 OIL PAINT AND DRUG REPORTER 207 I'aiius for Wood Ship*.--(Tbit* paint, low visibility fny color: bool* loppmt pttnu l*t* color: copper punt: vsnusk. iVovp Department. Uumu of Construction ud Repair. --Londod tine; copper paint; rsln* (creed reu load polot: black paioc any paint: low vtuUUty paiaU; iixt tlniib w&ll paiat; qiucfc-<ttyia( pnsor for Knock-down botis**- Department of Agriculture. Toreit Service.--Ivory wbiu 4 llgb; French tit;: light French ;r*y lor porch noon; oi brown: roof grssa; dark rod bndst point. Signal Corps. i_\>nstructicn Divieon.--Derit oak oil stain: raw itnsead oil; turpon* .r.. mineral spirits; benxol; Japan drier: ftat-flnisa unitary wall uni. Equipment Division --Ready-mood r-alnt: paints (or hangars and mousing buildings; olive drab: grapai:* paint; black paint: brown oxide i-aint: (ray paint; orange sivellae vanu*n; airplane epar varnish: olive jrab duil-dnieb enamel. Quartermaster Corps. BeaOr-miNcd paints: low vtotbiuty (nr; oltvo Jnb army aiandarU: flat unish interior wall palm; white enamel: deck and door paint; (raphtte paint: black marina paint: copper paioc; battleship fiay color: dark red oxide paint: black tire retardant paint: reinforced red lead pamta; aluminum paint: pasts wood rttlor; paint and varnish r*> mover: mineral spirits; paint drier: varnish; raw Unseed oil; turpentino; putty; container*. Railroad Administration. General specifications} rotnforesd red lead semi-paste paint: dark red oxide semi-paste paint; black *smi*pae psuit; stencil black past* paint: stencil white past* paint: semi-paste body color paint. r*frt( erator can; liquid aurficer; uiiiflsf surfacer: black eaamtl; (ray cab enamel: (roni-nd paint; raw linseed oil; spar varnish: minsnu spints: turpentine: drier: drop black in Japan: wood preservative: iteel ear primer; exterior passenrer car enamel: primer for composition coatInc interior mtenavdiate costing; interior pssoenger car enamel: pes* Mn(er car headllnin( enamoi. Shellac Problems in 1918 and How They Were Solved. THE history ot the shellac market for tha year 1918 is a virtual record of the many conferences held between the Shellac Importers' Association and various govern ment bodies created under war conditions to bring Industry under the control of Federal bodies co-operating to insure military success. The tonnage question loomed Urge at the close of 1UT and the attention of the government was early in 1918 directed toward ways and means by which the existing cargo space might be made to yield the great est value to the war program. So far as shellac was con cerned. December of 1917 found the War Trade Board In control, having taken over powers hitherto vested in the British consul. Aiter a series of conferences held in Mew York and Washington, the Shellac Importers' Association and the War Trade Board came to an agreement early In 1918. This agreement took the form of a system of distribution control through the medium of guarantees expressed in a series of forms which covered transactions from Importers to ultimate consumers. The control began with a special permit requirement under the form used by the British consul from the beginning of the war. As worked out by the War Trade Board, the fvstem took the form of guaran tees covering undertakings by importers, dealers and con sumers. While issued in the form of bulletin No. 1 by the Shellac Importers* Association under date of January *.*2, 1918. actual work under the provisions of the guarantees began as far back as November. 1917. os they were applied to shipments leaving Calcutta. India, early In November of that year and arriving on the Tactile coast in January of 1915. Dirrct Allocation and Resale Prevention. Having achieved a medium of control which not only prevented shellac reaching undesirable persons or countries. >*ut also served to eliminate or at least reduce speculation to a minimum, the government next turned to the problem of reducing importations of the material to an amount equal to the actual necessities ot. first, the government's war program, and. second, the minimum requirements of the shellac consumers in general. The primary object was to reduce as much as possible the cargo space given over to shellac. The problem was taken up by the War Shipping Board and the War Industriee Board. It became clear that the shellac consuming trade must be classified under three major divisions:--Essential consumers, comprehending (hose directly related to government work, such as muni tions. etc.; less essential consumers, embracing those Indus tries contributing indirectly to products Included in war materials; non-essential consumers, into which classifica tion fell manufacturers operating in lines totally divorced from war production. Questionnaires Employed. Progress was slow and Cor a time the trade anticipated total prohibition of Import. Each governmental body ap proaching tbs problem called for data. A series of ques tionnaires were issued throughout the spring and summer. In June, after a series ot meetings held in Washington and New York, the net result ot which so far as constructive program was concerned was nit the War Industriee Board called a meeting at Washington, which resulted in a ques tionnaire requiring definite answers on the following points:-- 1. Stocks held by Importers January 1. 1918. t. Imports shown, by months, from January 1 to June 1. 1911. 3. Disposition made of both stocks and Imports by months, showing names to whom distributed and amount to each. 4. Recapitulation of above distribution according to industries. 5. Stocks on hand June 1. In this country, stocks afloat to this country and stocks contracted for abroad for shipment, showing separately the shipments to be made each month. 6. Similar statements to be rendered as soon as pos sible os of July 1 and each month thereafter. The crux of the questionnaire appeared In the demand of the War Industries Board for definite information cover ing the less essential and non-essential uses of shellac. May-June Shipments. Earlier In the year--at a conference held at the Mer chants' Association rooms In Mow York--importers had stated that If the government would permit them the receipt ot their May-June ehipments the stocks then In hand, to gether with the material coming forward, would allow a radical reduction in receipts at least for several months to come. With this condition confirmed by information In the hands of the War Industriee Board, the government did not interfere with the May-June shipments and the shellac importers were in moat caees sufficiently far-sighted to take advantage of this. So far as possible, shipments were increased, with the result that when the government did move, stocks were in good shape. Early in August the government's survey of the situation was completed. Action followed quickly in the form of a War Trade Board ruling placing shellac on the Restricted Import List. The order was effective August 15. 1918. Under it licenses to import were granted only in accord ance with the following specifications -- l. Shipments from Canada or Mexico by other than ocean transportation. shipments from Calcutta, between October 1. 1915. nnd March 91. 1918. inclusive of a total of not to exceed 5.000 tons. 3. Shipments in vessels of the United States Navy of quantities for military or naval use. Shipment Questionnaire. With the announcement of curtailment to 9.000 tons im port between the date specified came still another question naire. Answers on the following points were required:-- 1. Sliipmtnts of shellac from January 1, 1914 to August 13, 1918. inclusive. 2. Amount afloat on August 18, 191$. 3. Amount under contraet. 4. Stocks as of August IS. 1919. 5. Amount of sheltne under sales contract on the same date. The War Industries Board required this inforaatlon w order to arrive at a definite understanding as to the physical aspects of ths trade with especial reference to their bearing on speculative possibilities and probabilities. Further, the question of allocation of material bod arisen. Under the allowed Importation of 8.090 tons, some form of allocation was necessary that the essential and less essen tial consumers might be assured of suppllea With a period of no shipment between August 18 and September 3L. 1918. a curtailment to the extent of 3,500 tons was expected to be attained with the aid of the naturally lower state of ship ments which had featured the year. The government pro ceeded to study the situation in view of the necessary al location of the reduced importations. Importers frankly stated that the amount of shellac permitted was sufficient for all needs if the government allotted it wisely and also permitted imports after March 31, 1918. although the gov ernment's order did not extend beyond that date. Temporary Allocation. In lieu of a definite plan for allocation. Importers were placed under a temporary arrangement during the week of September 9, 1918. The plan was drawn up by the Shellac Importers' Association and tentatively approved by the Washington authorities. Under it. buyers were permitted purchase ot shellac on a baals of 83 per cent, of their aver age monthly purchases for the year 1917. In turn, jobbers were permitted to sell not more than five packages to any customer sregardlees of how much he had ordinarily pur chased. The regulations applied to buyers appearing on LBW DUP110137500 208 1918 YEAR BOOK t DonoMi vlt ^J^H^HIGHE^^RAD^^HOPON^^ is made in the largest Lithopone factory in the world. We manu facture nothing else and concentrate our entire efforts to keep it supreme in its field. TheKifebsfigment# PhemicalPo. Newport - ' Delaware Socles' Office 217 Broadway NewYbrk City '-v!l LBW 0010684 DUP110137501