Document p6VxKo2ooe0pwyED6zORw3p7

(conoco) Interoffice Commuprcation To John Friend^ From T. J. Gross Date February 6, 1976 subject Investigation - Department of Transportation Mr. Collier H. Laws, U. S. Department of Transportation, called this morning reporting that he had found a couple of DOT violations and irregularities concerning our VCM cars. Mr. Law inspected the cars on Thursday, February 5, at the Southern Pacific yard. These cars were loaded with VCM destined for Oklahoma City. Below are the violations and irregularities: CONX 9037 ACFX 17495 ACFX 17481 Education Valve Closure Plug Finger Tight Dangerous Placard Missing Dangerous Placard Missing (Bracket also missing) Law pointed out that he would not visit the plant this time because of the minimum violations found; however, he would continue to inspect our tank cars for violations. He pointed out the hazardous material regulation (attached) that were violated. He also stated we had made a tremendous improvement since the inspection in June and was pleased with*our progress. I indicated to him that we had instigated a check procedure to solve these problems. I believe the procedures developed on the pre and post loading check sheets presently in service, if used correctly, will solve these type problems. It is imperative that the Shift Supervisor instruct and review the procedures with each Loader and continue to spot check for these type of deficiencies. Doyle Smith of Transportation group has been notified. T. J. Gross is Enc CC + enc: JAD-TSR-JFP-DSS-CBC CWH 00000.1937 $ 174.640--S 174.649 15ft SUBPART C PLACARDS OK CARS ( 124.640 "Explosives" placards, (a) Explosives placards ns pres d in 1must be applied to certified ears containing ,s, cIiish A, specified in J73.53 to 173.37. Placards must fliosv in Lite spaces provided station name and date. jj<m: l: For cars ruquiriuK tli poison gas placard see { 171.512. J 174.641 "Dangerous" placards; "Dangerous-Radioactive Material" placards; or ' Uaulion-Kesichml phosphorus" placards. M "DANG KIP M'S" nlrtcurd. .as prescribed hy j? 174.352 must be Applied to ears, ami container cars. us follows: " (l^ ('ms ronlaimug one or more packages hearing a flammable liquid, flammable wolid, flammable gas, oxidizer, organic peroxide, corrosive (liquid only), or poison label, us described in 173.403 to 173.417 of this Kuhcluiplcr. (2) Cars containing flammable solids, oxidizing materials or poisonous solids, class H, in bulk. (3) .Tatilc ears eontninimr H:\mmablu liquids, flammable solids, oxidizing materials, corrosive liquids, poisonous liquids or solids, class D, flammable compressed gases, or nonflammable compressed gases. (4) Cars containing shipments of explosives, class B. Soil It i'Vir cars &(xi> rtf)`urine the jkiisoii en* placard nco j ]7-1.512. (6) When explosives, class A, are loaded in the same car with explosives, class 14, or poisonous solids or liquids, class B, only the "Explosives" placard is required. (b) "Dangerous--Itadioactivc Material" placards, na prescribed .n 174.553, must be applied to cars containing packages bearing \ "radioactive yellow-111" label (three vertical red stripes) as de scribed in $ 1715.1 Hi(c) of tins Hiilu-bapler, anil to carioail lots under > J73.392 and 173.393 (j) mid fk)of I his eubehapter. (c) "Caution-Residual phosphorus" placard, as proscribed in \ 171.533, must be applied to lank cars which last contained ship ments of while or yellow phosphorus and winch are required to be ailed with water or inert gas I adore tank car is offered for return movement as provided in 173.190 (b) (3). 174.C4C Placards must be standard, (n) Placards must conform to standards ns prescribed. Samples will be furnished by the Bureau of Explosives on request. (b) Tag-board placards must be printed on strong tag-board of quality and strength not less than that designated commercially as 1(H) percent sulphate, weighing 125 pounds per ream, of sheets 24 x 3U inches, and having a resistance of not less than GO pounds ]>or square inch Mullen test. (c) Paper placards must be printed on strong white paper. (d) Placards or car cards which by their shape, coloring, or printitig may be readily confused with the standard placards prescribed in this part must not be used. (c) Carrier's or shipper's name ami stationery form number may be printed on placards in type not larger than 10 point, but must be printed thereon separate from any placard wording. (f) When the tag hoard placards bear wording prescribed in 171.332 (a) of tins part, and provided the wording prescribed by | 174.5G3 (c) of this part appears on the reverse side thereof, the words "removed or" may be omitted or the word "removed" changed to "reversed," as the ease may be, (g) Placards remaining on band and in compliance with 174.552 (a) or 174.553 (a) in effect on June ID, 11)00, may be used until present stocks arc exhausted. 174.647 Carriers supply of placards, (a) Carriers must keep on hand an adequate supply of all necessary placards for placarding cars loaded by them and for the replacement of missing placards on leaded cars while in transit. 174.648 Placarded cars, (a) Shippers must have applied placards to cars loaded by them when cars arc acceptable for trans portation. (See 174.511) of this part for method of application.) f i J { j f 2 j j I f j ! [ i j \ * I j 1 ' j j j 5 174.642 "Poison gas" placards, (a) 'Toison gas" placards is prescribed by 174.551 of this part must be applied to cars as Allows: (i) Gars containing otic or more packages yr articles bearing the Pot as" label. (2, i's containing ninn.imition for cannon with toxic gas proec'"es, <ir projectiles, bombs, or other containers loaded with oxic gas requiring the "I'oisou gas" label. Norn 1: Tlic I'omuii ki\ plncivU must bo applied to cars in addition to any thef |i|;tr:ir>U ropiirrd. (b) "flammable poison gas" placards. "Flammable poison as" placards as prescribed in 174.55G must be applied to Class 05A-W lank ears containing hydrocyanic acid. (c) "Poison gas" placards. "Poison gas" placards, for tank ars, as prescribed in 174.557 must bo applied to tank cars con fining class A poisons except hydrocyanic acid. 174.643 Placarding cars; passenger trains, (a) When a eight, baggage, nr express ear containing freight shipments of xplosives, class )4, or freight shipments of hazardous mal-erials ther than explosives requiring labels as prescribed by I'art 173 lot including class A poison gases or liquids), is hauled in a pasngcr train and such car or ears are not occupied by an employe : the carrier, proper placards must bo applied to the car as required y this part.I * * * * * * 8 I 174.644 Placards not required, (a) Placards arc not reuired for: (1) Cars containing explosives, class C. (2) Cars, other than tank rare, containing nonflammable gas. (3) Cars containing irritating materials. (4) Cars loaded with electric storage batteries containing elecolytc or corrosive battery fluid in carload lots. (6) Cars carrying shipments of electrolyte acid or corrosive attery fluid together with self-propelled vehicles or mobile agriillural machinery in accordance with the provisions of 173.257 (e). (C) (.'ars containing packages of radioactive material which are empted from labeling under 173.391 of this subchapfer, which ar only the labels described in 173.4115 (a) and (b) of this nub'upter, nr which an: exempted from placarding under 173.392 ) (7) of this Hubelmptcr. 1' '5 Commodity name on carloads, (a) Vlarardu for rar:`ds ,'lass B explosives and other hazardous materials must "w in the spare provided on the placard. Die proper shipping me of the contenls as shown in the lis( of hazardous materials c 172 5 (a) of this chapter). Alternatively, the proper shipping <! may lie shown mi lughonrd cards measuring approximately 5 8 inches securely nlludiod to euch Bide of the ear. 174.649 Application of placards, fa) Placards must ho se curely applied one to each end and each safe of car, as follows: (1) By tacking lug-bounl placards to each end and each side of cars, or to placard boards of .suitable size provided for tho purpose. * i (2) Placards applied to the sides of closed or open top cars con- taming explosives or other dangerous articles must be attached to the fixed placard board or to the side of the wooden car between car initials and number and the car door. (3) Tacks when used must have heads at least inch across. At least 5 tacks must lie used, one at each corner and ono in the center of the placard, or when stapling devices arc used tlie staples should be made of flat metal of not less than 19 gauge, ami the space between the legs of the staples should be at least } inch and length of staple.** not less than \\ inch. At least 0 staples must be used, one at each corner, one along edge between each corner, and one in center. Tacks, nails, staples, or other devices used in previous application of placards must be removed when their presence interferes with proper application of placards. (4) By insertion of tag-board placards in suitable placard holders affixed to cars. I j ? j | f j j 5 f (6) Paper placards must be securely pasted to metal or other smooth surfaces. Metal placard boards must bo used when pro vided for the purpose. Clrcasc or other substances which interfere with secure application must be removed from surfaces before pasting on placards. /(6) By application of adhesive tape, which shall be not more | than 1H inches wide anil which shall bn applied around the entire perimeter of the placard so that approximately one-half the width of the tape adheres to Die placard ami turn-half to the surface to which the placard is attached. Tape must lie properly applied, weather-resistant, and capable of holding the placard securely hi tfosition under conditions normal to transportation. This method is authorized only when attachment of placards to metal surface* is necessary and the metal surface is sufficiently smooth and of I stiflieiout size to permit attachment of the placards in their properj position. Placards applied to cars must have the printing in horizontal position. (c) "Explosives" placards and car certificates must be placcJ alongside of each other. (d) [Reserved]. Noth 1: IIchiiiih! <( Urn prcrvMit cinfmtrricy nn<l until further tinier of tl>* P* | |irtrlfm*Tit, pririihiht rnr* h,r tin* rln|iim'i*L of bomb* or |wn*ou lb*Y J blACfnJvil on L/olij Bides untl both cutis of cur. CUH 000001. (c won eurfi side. No yr are re ami o: (0 bo ston wor B, placn both requir conta. A oxj) fe> ous" on tin preser holder ing on legible (fa) bo seci sides r contaii as reqi euch c placnn of the t 174. placard and mu ing mil: v<9t Oc 174.6 other the lOx l\yx mg cut; t! i 1I i i 4 t n 5 o t 167 $ 174.640--j 174.601 (e) Placard holders must bo so constructed as not to obstruct the wording, change the shape of the placard, or reduce the exposed surfaco of the placard more tlmu three-eights of an inch on each aide. None 1: J'cririanrnt waIa! holder* ilrariRncrl | provide (tit unetirn nltiiehment. Miy ftppIicAtioa. rcif>vi. or revitritul ot tilornttin fier:ht:r/ii':tl in thcMO rtsp.uIntirMB \ ire required un uli now timk cam, on (tow uiiilMff runic* to which tlinks arc implied, l *&d on all tank cara rccoivinr. Rcinvrnl rrruiirn. (f) Placards as required by 5171.510,171.511, ami 174,642 must be securely applied to both sides and both ends of a container car on which a container or containers loaded with explosives, class A or B, or with dangerous urticlcx requiring labels, are placed; or Elacards must Imj securely applied to both ends of such a car and to oth sides of a container loaded with such articles. Car certificates required by 174.52;') must be securely applied to both sides of a container car on which a container or containers loaded with class A explosives are placed. (g) Metal reversible placards, bearing on one side the "Danger ous" placard wording as prescribed in 174.552 of this part and on the reverse side the "Dangerous--Empty" placard wording as prescribed in 174.503 of this part may i>e used in lieu of plueard Holders prescribed in Note l to J 74.5-19 (e) of tiiis part. The word ing on these placards must be kept distinct us to colors and clearly legible. (b) Placards as required by 171.540, 174.541 and 174.542 must be securely applied to both sides and both ends of car, or to both sides and both ends of truck body or trailer loaded on flat cars, containing explosives or other dangerous articles. Car cerlilieutcs as required by 174.525 must be securely applied to both sides of Such cars. When more than one trailer is loaded on a Hat car, placards must be applied so as to be plainly visible from both ends of the car. 174.650 Explosives, class A placard, (ft) The "Explosives" placard must be of rectangular shape, measuring 11 by 14 inches, Rod must bear the wording as shown in the following cut; the print ing must be in red and black as follows: 174.662 Dangerous placard, (a) The "Dangerous" pla card must Ijc of diamond shape, measuring 10? i" inches on each side and must bear the wording as shown in the following cut; the word "Dangerous" must ho in red, ami the lettering in black, as follown: DANGEROUS PLACARD (Jieducod Site) KEEP LIGHTS AND FIRES AWAY! liiVililnijliai3U <T* fe* *rlnl>* la ltd) Km IfMink ilwtmw.iu k iim< Hum miH wi HANDLE CAREFULLY Tlii o.r mint not be next to k cor placarded Ktploiiiti Avoid Contact with baking tld or corrode* liquid Dmn of lumn or vifinl sWiickijidinc isnrMov THIS ri-ACARO MUST, P RLMOVlM .Oft MYtUlS/ EXPLOSIVES PLACARD (Reduced site) I4|nche tI u*. * n n !I it- rfy s t r--i. i/n^u^\iin! nhnwn/ha i i untII < no *t rxiKKft w *io> I HANDLE CAREFULLY 9 XVc nf rpr^H) L T>nr If (to kt riu) in aim CONDENSED RULES FOR HANDLING THIS CAR J. In twitching thl* cr In ini* #r *n ISlnf* h*r* a Bon-plaeanM (V trtnui till* tv end rnsln*. i. Till* C*r imiat net b cut *(l whH* to m(lan. I J, Av*W*n chocks tetliU car. Oth*rsrBHi*tnelb**U<**dtB*trikO . thl* c*r, Caupt* carefully. * t 4. Whin lh* **tl*l ar* wnl**d*d thl* placard oibM h* rm*v*4 frero car. I t l J 174.651 Poison gas placard, (a) The "Poison gas" placard for other than tank cars must be of rectangular shape, measuring lOx 14 inches, and must bear the wording ns shown in the follow ing cut; the printing must be in red aa follows: I*1 .,14*4..a......--.-- Inches CAuira This Car Contains 174.663 Dnngcrous-Radioactivc Material placard, (a) The "Dangerous-Jirulioriclivc Material" placard for radioactive ma terials must be of diamond shape, measuring W'}:{ inches on each fide, and must bear the wording in red letters ns shown in the following cut: DANGEROUS PLACARD FOR RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL (Reduced *ite) DO NOT \ / REMAIN IN. OR \ NEAR THIS CAR UNNECESSARILY 1 >r s* Notify Shipper or Purcau of y-` before handling content! of brekrn package* / DANGEROUS RAD18EBYIUE H3/ITEI3!flt Till* erir must not bo next to n cor placarded explosive* or next to carlondkof undeveloped film Avoid contact witli leaking content! /' \ / / s Beware of Fumes from Leaking Packages. t 1 1 WHEN LkhtNC IS REMOVED /TIIIS Pl.ACAKD MUST BE REMOVED / CWH 000001939 174.654 Unauthorized use of placards, (n) Placards pre scribed by this part must not be applied to ears containing articles not subject to furls 1V0-1S`> or upccilicully exempted therefrom. 39 1173.31 under ronxlruriion on the effective dutea (hereof, arv uUtorizcd for #*rvire am prescribed in the following table ami notes, provided larikti and wifely relief devices arc retested an prescribed in para bo rclesttrd periodically us tq>ecificd in Retest Table 1 of Uiiti para graph. Relents may l>0 made at any time during the calendar year tlie retest falls dun except as provided in the notes. Periodic retest graphs (<) ami (d) of this section and equipped will* approved of exterior healer systems is not a specification requirement, valves, valve protection devices and safely relief devices. (2) Knelt lank must Jo retested by completely Piling tin: tank and manway nozzle or expansion dome will) w.'tler or other liquid % current regulation* Other pecifientiana permitted (subject to the note*) Note* of similar viscosity except as otherwise provided for in Note (<n to Kulc.st Table I and applying the specified pressure tor 10 mi mites 103............................................ IOIA..................................... loan or IU3H-W.......... loi............................. l0-r,A200-W.......................... loawrmMV. ....... hla.w>-\v....... ................. 1DSA41KMV.......................... J0SA.M(0-W.......................... io&agou-w....................... l1o0GoAia50w0--Xx........................................ 107A****................................ AUA-IIl. AUA-IV AUA-IIl AUA-IIl Kul.)>er Lined AJtA-lV tor,A too-w lOSAlOOVb-W AUA-V, UOT-305, 105A300 l(tiA400 KWA MW W.AfiW DOT-27 /JK-27, 100A 500 10T,A800 2.3,4 1.2 2 2.4 & 5 n Note I: AKA tanks must Jive l>ccn oriamaffy tlciftjieti or cubaequcntly rtcooatructcU for tins trunsfxiriaiioa of aciiis. Note *: Tank curs cquinixsJ with safety vents must Irave the vent closure if Ibe tank is not insulated, or JO minutes if the tank is insulated. There shall be no leakage or evidence of distress. The tank insula tion and jacket need not bo removed unless leakage is indicated by a drop in pressure. The liquid temperature must not exceed 100 ]>\ during the test. Calking of welded joints to slop leaks developed during retests is prohibited. (3) Unless longer retest interval is authorized, tanks in service 10 years or over must bu internally inspected and interior heater systems insfMjelod for defects which would make leakage or failure probable during transit. (4) Anchor rivet housings, if used, must not be removed during retest. They shall be retested by applying an air pressure of 100 psi. through openings in tlie tank sbelPruul must show no leakage. o eliftia*<l or tii>ierino fuu-iie<k as to prevent iniiiplacciiiciit. Note 3; These rare must not l.e used for nliipturiOti of sinokele** powder in water unless equipped with positive closure type UolKim outlet vnlvcs. Note 4: L'jUiJ January 1, I'JtiO, on ears built prior to January 1. Ih6t>, 25 psi. safety relief vakts may be replaced with 33 psi, safety relief valves not having an official rated rapacity. Note Tanka built as Spce, I)OT-10.'iA100-W or IOAAIOOAI.-W may U altered and rcclas>ilit os Spec. J05A200-W or fO!VA20(Ml.-V.\ respectively, by installinc safety relief valves. rctcBting and stenciling in accordance willi Use applicable specification. Note G: The ten pressures of tanks built in the United States prior to January 1. I0.V>. may be increas-cd to comply with current spec. IXJT-107A ex cept that tan Us built prior to Jlril are not so authorised. Oriftinnl and revised lest pressure tnuH be indicated and tufty he shown on a plate attached to the bulkhead of I fie car. (3) Unless otherwise specifically provided irt Part 173, when class (6) Interior heater systems must Ikj retested hydrostatically at 200 psi. and must show no leakage. (6) .Safety relief valves must be retested will) air or gas and must start to discharge at tlie pressure prescribed within plus or minus 15 percent except that if the starl-to-dischargn pressure is under 10U psi., the valve, must start to discharge at l he pressure prescribed w-iUiin p]us or minus 3 p.sj. Valves must be vapof light ut the prescribed pressure. (7) A HOT tank enr buill to one specification ami authorized to be stenciled to another specification mum he retested in accordance with tlie higher sperifirulion and tlie lest pressure stenciled ac cordingly on the lank or jaekel, An existing pressure tank car lank DOT-lOoAW, lUIA-ALM", 100A, 10'JA-AMV, 110AM', IMA, which is permanently eonverled to a lower pressure specification 112AM', or 11-IAW tank car tanks are prescribed, the same class must have tlie new .s[teeifuntinn and eonversion date prnnaiieiiUy tanks having higher marked tost pressures than those prescribed stamyx'd in letters and figures at least :lvjrirli high on (he outside may also bo used. M hen class DOT-IJIAM'J lank car tanks are of the manway nozzle or the edge of lire manway nozzle llange on prescribed, class 111AM3 tank ear tanks may also be used. the left side of lire ear. Each cur must he tested as designated in (4) Tank cars and appurtenances may be used for the trans Retests Table f for the new specification. On n Class iJOT-lllA portation of any commodity for which they arc authorized. Tank tank ear, the last numeral of the sps ilienlion miiinber may be omit cars proposed for a commodity service other than authorized, must ted from the stamping. be approved for such service by the Association of American Rail (8) Hctc.sts of tanks imd safety relief devices must be reported road?' 1 'ommiMee on Tank Cans. Transfer of a tank ear from one bj` party making tests to rar owner. Itejmrt'. must show initials authorized service to another mav be made only by the owner or and number of cars, pressure t> which tested, date and place of owner's authorization. Classes IJOT-IOuA-W, ioPA-M', IJJAIHO- lest, and by wlmtn tested. Reports of latest retest must be retained W-4. IJ2.4-W, 1 HA-M' tank ears may be used for any commodity by owner until the next retest has been accomplished ami recorded. for which they arc a ('proved bv the Committee cm Tank Cars and (9) After repairs requiring welding, riveting, caulking of rivets, may he stenciled accordingly. When a tank car is stenciled to indb, or hot or cold forming to restore tank contour, tanks must be re cate that- it is authorized tor one commodity only, it must not be tested as specified in ItelesL Table I of tins paragraph before used (or any other service. return to service. (l:i*s, lead, or rubber-lined tanks must be re Note I; For additional requirements for tank cars for compressed gases, see tested before lining is renewed. Inlcrior healer systems must be ' | 173.314. retested before return to service after repairs or renewals of any (b) Loading and shipping. -- part of the system. "*(1) Examination before shipping. When tanks are loaded and j | (10) The year of the test of any tank, tank safely relief valve, .prior to shipping. the* shipper must determine In the extent pmc- ttCAldo Yl'Tl li". clilelv iiL>ourteiiaim-3 ami mimna.arc in and heater system, and tin* pressure If) which if was tested must be stenciled on the lank or on the jacket if insulated, except that airnper condition fru- Liu- safe transportation ol the fading. Tanks if a retest is required specifically by tin' regulations during tlie cal with bottom discharge outlets must have their outlet cat's off, or endar month the retest fulls due, the month and year must be so outlet rap plugs open, during ibe entire lime tanks are being loaded. stenciled. Any safety relief valve from a stock which has been After loading, tanks with bottom outlet valves which permit more tested within six months of instalfation may fie considered as having than u dropping of the iii|uid with the outlet caps tiff, or (lie outlet been tested or retested in the month in which installed, providing cap plug? open, must not be offered for transportation until pro|er the valve has been protect oil from deterioration during tins period. rci'nirs have been made. Tanks which show any dropping nr leak ing of liquid contents at seams or rivets, imlst not be offered for ^transportation until proper repairs have been made. -_ (2) Loading requirements for tanks with interior heater coils. .Tank ears equipped with interior heater roils, except when roils arc rendered inoperative hv blocking off the inlet anti oullet, must bo loaded with healer coil inlel and outlet caps off during entire time tanks are being loaded mid show no leakage with caps off. (3) Securing closures. .All closures of openings in lank cars ami of their protective housings mu.--( he properly scrum! in td.-tec In lllC Use Ilf a bar, wrench, or other yuUabh* toot, wrench having _a handle at least lit> indies lung ntUM in* used to annlv 1 lie outlet (11) Any glass, rubber, or lead-lined tank need not be periodi cally retested, but the interior healer systems and safety valves must bo retested at (lie prescribed interval. Seo also subparagraph (9) of this paragraph. (12) Any tank lined with an elaslomeric polyvinyl chloride at least 3/32 inch thick nr tut elastomeric pofvutot ham* at least 1 - b ineli thick need not be periodically retested, hut the heater sysfem find safety relief valves must be retested at ilm prescribed intervals. The lank must be retested before lining is renewed. (d) Periodic retest and rcinspection of tanks other than singleunit tank car tanks. --Valve ran. Manway ravers and outlet valve caps must be made (1) Tanks designed to be removed from cars for filling and tight against leakage of vapor and liquid, by use of gaskets of suil- ilble materials, liefore cars are tendered to carrier for Irausporlntion. hilling materials must not bo used in oullet rap or on threads of K'Uom outlet. emptying and lanks to spec. f)()T-l07A,'*'`\iiid their sal'etv relief devices must be rcleslcd periodically as specified in Relcsf Table ,, of tliis paragraph. Retest mav be made at any time during the calendar vvar the retest, labs due. *" (4) Inspection of safely relief devices on class DOT-IOGA and (2) Kach'hmk. except as provided in subparagraph (d) (91 f 110A tanks. Safetv relief devices oi tin* frangible disc or fusible plug tvpc ned on tanks of classes DOT-HHiA or I MIA must he inspected he I ore each loaded trip of tank be removing at least one this sect ion must bo subjected to the specified hydrostatic pressure and its permanent expansion determined. Pressure most be mamfahird for dO seconds nod ns much longer as mav In* necessary Vent lor visual Inspection: jl it. shows Mens of dctcrioralion, all secure eomplelo expansion of tlie lank. Pressure gauge noist I1*2'1'3 devices must be removed and inspected and llio.se which do not mil reading to an nocurricv of one percent. Expansion nawp! not>l Inrel the reiiitireuietrl* rnii-u be renewed. permit reading of total expansion |o an acemacy ol one percent. (c) Periodic retest ami reinfqteclion of single-unit tack car tanks Expansion must be recorded in cubic centimeier*. Permanent V,v_ (1) Tanks, interior heater s\ si cuts, and safely relief valves must ometric expansion must not c.xiced 10 percent of toial volumetric CUH 00000X940 -