Document p2ey72BwBNG9QxdL4LX4nrXXk

FILE NAME: Oil Industry and American Petroleum Institute (API) DATE: 1948 Sept DOC#: API060 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: API Toxicological Reviews o r. r i: API TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEWS SEPTEMBER 1948 LIBRARY AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE 'vA''-'Jv i /, J-.-.\Vt (J'-w-.iadl t ^ i T i * * : r, r t r *"* ' 'a t * 1 *" lS i> f c a ii* 4 / i i w^<a w s i a E f 0 E This publication is distributed "as is* and is no longer a current publication of the American Petroleum Institute. It is furnished solely for historic purposes and some or all of the information may be outdated. API MAKES NO W ARRANTY O F ANY KIND. EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND SP EC IFICA LLY TH E R E IS NO W ARRANTY OF M ERCHANTABILITY OR FITN ESS FOR A PARTICULAR ISSUE. ` 4 Q AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE D epartment of Safety 50 W est 50th Street N ew Y ork 20, N . Y . PREFACE API Toxicological Reviews are being prepared serially and individually for each of . a number of substances handled and used in petroleum refineries. As of the date o f this issue (September 1948) reviews are available at the stated prices on substances as follows: . Price General Review on the Petroleum Industry--first edition, March 1948.................... $ .25 1. Aluminum Chloride-- first edition, March 1948..........................................................25 2. Boron Trifluoride-- first edition, March 1948............................................................ 25 3. B.B'Dichloroethyl Ether (Chlorex)-- first edition, March 1948.............................25 4. Cresol-- first edition, March 1948.................................................................................... 25 5. Cumene-- first edition, March 1948................................................................................25 6. Furfural-- first edition, March 1948.......................... 25 -7. Hydrogen Chloride-- first edition, March 1948............................................................25 8. Hydrogen^Sulfide-- first edition, March 1948.................................................................25 9. Iron Carbonyl--first edition, March 1948.....................................................................25 10. Nitrobenzene-- first edition, March 1948....................................................................... 25 11. Styrene-- first edition, March 1948.................................................................................25 12. Sulfuric Acid-- first edition, March 1948....................................................................... 25 13. Toluene--first edition, March 1948.................................................................................25 1 4 Xylene-- first edition, March 1948.................................................................................25 Complete set of first 15 (above) Toxicological Reviews............................................. 3.00 15. Acrylonitrile-- first edition, September 1948...................................................................25 16. Alkyl Disulfides-- first edition, September 1948............................................................25 17. Alkyl Mercaptans-- first edition, September 1948..........................................................25 18. Ammonia-- first edition, September 1948....................................................................... 25 19. Benzene--first edition, September 1948......................................................................... 25 20. Carbon Tetrachloride-- first edition, September 1948................................................... 25 21. Diethylene Glycol-- first edition, September 1948....................................................... 25 22. Dowtherm A -- first edition, September 1948................................................................ 25 23. Kerosine--first edition, September 1948......................................................................... 25 24. Mercury--first edition, September 1948............................................................................25 25. Methyl Ethyl Ketone-- first edition, September 1948...................................................25 26. Morpholine-- first edition, September 1948...................................................................25 27. Naphthenic A dds-- first edition, September 1948..........................................................25 28. Normal Butyl Para-Amino Phenol-- first edition, September 1 9 4 8 . ..................... 25_ 29. Phenol--rst edition, September 1948..............................................................................25 30. Phosphorus Pentasulfide-- first edition, September 1948.............................................. 25 31. Sulfur Dioxide-- first edition, September 1948.............................................................. 25 32. Thiophene and Derivatives-- first edition, September 1948.......................................... 25 Complete set of Toxicological Reviews N o. 15 to 32, in d u sive.............................. .. 3.50 A standard ring binder, appropriately stamped "American Petroleum Institute-- Toxicological Reviews," may be purchased as follows: Fabrikoid cover-- 1-in. ring........................... $5.00 Discounts on single-quantity orders for shipments o f identical items to a single address are: 100 or more identical items..............(price on request) a-r--1i, GVD La'-r, <' -T) C73 c'-s*."l LvJ.J il;^ *` %-:5 .***../...., cr e i; M f-k-3 fmtJ ^;Vf| C^3 (Jc.*n5ra C/9 API TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEWS Foreword API TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEWS SEPTEMBER 1948 FOREWORD The evolution of petroleum refining, from a relatively simple process of thermal distillation and add treatment of products to a variety of complex catalytic cracking and numerous other involved processes and treatments, has been accompanied by an ever-increasing need for accurate and concise informa tion on the toxic properties of substances handled and used in the modem refinery. To be of greatest value such information must be compiled by trained and experienced personnel under the direction of recognized medical authorities. It should be made available by publication in convenient form for daily use as well as reference purposes; therefore, it should indude a comprehensive summary of best available facts, tentative recommendations pertaining to the application of the data, and a complete bibliography of the source material. The data should be published in a form which will facilitate re-issuance promptly upon the availability of new and additional information. These are the objectives which have been sought by the series of monographs entitled API Toxicological Reviews which are being published in form for collection in standard ring binders to fadlitate usage by petroleum refiners. Some of the reviews are incomplete. This is inevitable because they represent a compilation of available information, and the present state of knowledge with respect to some of the substances considered is incomplete. It is hoped that this fact will serve to stimulate the quest for further knowledge. These reviews should be considered a beginning, not an end. Each review is organized along fairly definite lines for the sake of clarity and utility. Sect. I presents the information necessary to identify definitely the substance, whereas Sect. II presents the general physical and chemical properties of the substance. Particular emphasis is given those characteristics influencing volatility, as these have a marked influence on the degree of atmos pheric exposure which is likely. Sect. Ill considers the probable conditions and sources of exposure to the substance, and the considerations presented in subse quent sections assume the type of exposures dted unless otherwise specified. Sect IV considers the toxicology of the substance. Where suffident information is available, this section is divided into general considerations, induding in formation on metabolism and excretion; acute effects, chronic effects and, finally, safe limits of exposure for an 8-hour period 5 days a week. Sect. V presents any available information on the treatment of poisoning by the substance under consideration, with particular emphasis on specific therapeutic measures. Sect. VI discusses suggested preplacement or periodic examinations as tentative recommendations for workers likely to be required to undergo significant ex posures to a toxic substance. It is assumed that all workers will undergo a careful and complete preplacement examination, induding a chest X-ray, so that emphasis is placed on spedal tests or examinations pertaining to the sub stances under consideration. Sect. VII discusses precautionary measures, both mechanical and personal, which are suggested for use in handling the substance under consideration. The final section, Sect. VIII, presents a selected bibli ography documenting the information given in previous sections. 3 13 TJ Uft1 22 a -f -ui oc o QZ CLUC i22 "5 2 IH ; l i d " ou5i rfOrl _.<o2_A5*h5i o y =o -3OT> Cc Q. o Q,, . Cffl tc CCK 5 c O $ < 4 API TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEWS Foreword The series of toxicological reviews has been planned by the Institute's Medical Advisory Committee, and prepared for its Subcommittee on Permissible Con centrations, at the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass., under the direction of Professor Philip Drinker. The publication of the series of reviews has been approved by the Safety Committee of the Board of Directors of the American Petroleum Institute. Anyone desiring to submit additional information or proposed changes for consideration prior to re-issuance of this review is requested to send them to the American Petroleum Institute, 50 W est 50th Street, New York 20, N . Y.