Document p2e3dxv8ad1wyEJgX0eMLooR7

3: Vacuum loss From Excessive 1. Draw a line connecting the air* leakage constant C for the condenser with the actual backpressure P. 2. Draw a line connecting the amount of air leakage in excess of standard L with the condensate flow IF,. 3. Connect the intersection of lines (1) and (2) with A and 0; read A/\ the loss Is in. Hg. Example: P 1.71 in. Hg, C -- 200, air leakage -- ISO efra, standard leakage 5 efm, excess leakage -- 10.0 cfm, IF, -- 300,000 lb per hr, A/> -- 0.03 in. Hg. To determine air-leakage constant C with other conditions stabilised, bleed a quantity of air into the coodenser. Using the excess Icakogo L (os mess* ured by the air-removal meter) and Pt, the actual backpressure after bleed* ing (then P _ P, -P,) end the steam flow, solve backward for C. Check C at several loads to determine extent blanketing varies with load. 4: Condenser Over-all Performance Factor, Percent 000 GOO 060 600 soo ~jfO s 8' 400 '300 , '.4 300 * tpo 6 eo'fi | aio I 006 1 006 1 I 0 1001 ,o!fi 60 I o i 003 j OOl ^ < 0004 0002 pi. AO. WrAE. t 30010) t ' SO ^ 5: Plant Input Increase From loss of Condenser Vacuum '1. Find actual backpressure P on horizontal scale. ' 2. Read up to unit exhaust-flow curve, than horiaontelly to decreased output scale, A 0, line (2). 3. Draw line (3) from A 0 to vacuum loss A P, in. Hg oba. 4. Draw line (4) from condenser flow IF, to gross out- 4 pUl 0. ' `5.. Connect intersection, of line (3) with index, with the intersection of line (4) with F, the condensate flow rate. 6. Read A / on vertical scale, percent increase in input. Example; P -- 1.71 in. Hg, total vacuum loss A P -- 0.S3 in. Hg, IF, --. 300,000 lb per hr, 0 -- 30,000 kw, exhaust annulus m 60 sq ft, exhaust flow rate -- 300,000/60 5000 lb per hr per sq ft, AO 3.1, F -- 10 lb per kwhr, A/ -- 3.2%. 1. Draw a lino connecting #, log mean-temperature difference with T,, saturation temperature corresponding to actual backpressure (see Chart 1 adjacent scales for relationship). 2. Draw a line connecting Interieclion of line (1) with index with .the total pressure loss A P, and read per formance factor, percent. Example.- T, -- 96 F, LMTD -- 16 F, cleanliness -- 77.2%, loss due to dirty tubes -- 0.16 in. Hg, low gpm -- 0.04 in. Hg, excess air leakage mm 0.03 in. Hg. Total aP -- 0.23 In. Hg, per formance factor mm 68.0%. engineering and management section ' Central Station Capability Grows to New Highs t . .Electric Power Survey Commit- about 15%. For steam turbinea, 4000 nameplate rating (or units 4000 kw and TEE-ef the Edison Electric Institute, in kw and larger, annual figures are: larger: .tbeh i3th Semi-Annual Electric Power t; SfNvey, report that they expect the na 1953 ; il- ^onil station capability of 81,400,000 ; of Dee 1952 to grow to about l ,2S.500.000 kw in 1956. This growth 19S4 1955 1956 151 units 125 units 71 units 35 units 9,682,000 kw 10,018,000 kw 7,800,000 kw 3.757,000 kw 1953 1954 1955 1956 215 units 162 units 112 units 47 units 11,606.000 kw ll.OBl.OOOkw 9,384,000 kw 4,215,000 kw ^ 44,100,000 kw is 54% of the 1952 For hydraulic .units, 4000 kw and The gross margin of capability re \ capability to take place in e 4-year larger, the annual figures are: serve in 1952 for the country as o whole i' period. The trend continues to exceed 1953 ' | PaTt,rewfk T,le* Industry. The report Includes figures on the 1954 *. Meplale copaeity, scheduled to be In**Ued during the next four years, as of 1955 1956 64 units 37 units 41 unite 12 units 1,924,000 kw 1,063,000 kw 1,584,000 kw 458,000 kw was 11.7%. The indicated gross margin for 1953 is 14.6%, end for 1954 it is 16.2%. These percentages assume scheduled capacity will be added as Hated. But the committee feels that all April 1, 1953. On the average, et- - Combining the two types of units, we scheduled installations won't be com , Pabillty exceeds nameplate roting by get (he following annual figures on total pleted os expected. AU0U3T 1933 ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT SECTION 1