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CHAPTER VUI WIPE SAMPLING POLICIES AND PRCCEDCSES
i
A. Introduction 1. This chapter contains policies and procedures on the use of wipe sanpling in support of citations; e.g., Sanitation, 29 CFR 1910.141(g) (2) and (g)(4); Personal Protective Equipment, 29 CFR 1910.132(a)? Carcinogen standards, 29 CFR 1910.10011910.1014; and Respiratory Protection, 29 CFR 1910.134(b)(5) end (b) (6) a. Wipe sampling is often needed to provide documentation of the presence of a toxic material- or toxic materials in significant anounts. b. Hie teens "wipe sampling", "swipe sampling", and "smear ' sanpling" hare all been used synonymously to describe an industrial hygiene technique for assessing surface contanination. For the purposes of this Chapter, the technique will be tested "wipe sanpling".
B. General When using wipe sanpling, professional judgment of the CSEO must be utilized on a case-by-case basis considering presence of health effects, contribution of skin absorption and/or gastrointestinal absorption to total dose considering air concentrations, etc.
0005337
-2-
C. Wipe Sampling to Support a Citation Onder 29 CFR 1910 >132(a)
1. There are two primary considerations in using wipe sampling
in support of a citation for lack of protective clothing.
In both cases only-a qualitative determination of presence or
absence of the material is felt necessary,
a. If the materials can be demonstrated to be present on the
employee's skin using wipe sampling, and
b. If either a potential for dematitis exists or if the
material can be significantly absorbed through the skin
(see Table
), a citation can be issued.
c. If the material cannot be demonstrated as present using
wipe sampling, or in other cases where in the professional
judgment of the CSBO, health, risk still exists, a citation
can still be issued provided the CSHO can document the
potential for a health risk.
2. Hie ACGIH TLV listing for substances was used to identify substances having a "skin notation" and si&stances were also identified having an LD^q skin in rabbits of less than 0.340 gnv'kg where data were available. The LD^q (skin) data vere used only to provide a relative ranking of toxicity via skin absorption.- No attempt was made to extrapolate fran these data to actual amount absorbed or actual amount constituting "significant risk". It should be further noted that LDgQ (skin) data are based on acute lethal effect (i.e., LD,-q) .
RSV 0003338
and if the CSHO has additional information to justify signi ficance frcm a chronic skin absorption standpoint, such data should be utilized in determining if the resulting exposure presents a potential employee hazard.' 3. Die following technique shall be used for wipe sanpling for purposes of establishing a citation under 29 CFR 1910.132(al: a. Using a clean disposable glove, remove a round Whatman 41,
7 cm (2-inch) filter frcm the box. b. Moisten the filter with isopropyl alcohol. c. wipe the am or hand of the errplcyee with the moistened
filter. If possible, try to cover approximately 100 an of skin area. d. Without allowing the filter to contact any surface, fold it with the exposed side in, and then over to fosn a 90 angle in the center of the filter. e. Place the filter, angle first, into a clean glass vial, replace the top, seal and send with an OSSA 21. f. A blank filter also moistened with alcohol should be submitted with the samples.
. Wipe Sarrplim to Supccrt a Citation Order 29 CFR1910.141(g)(2) and (g)(4) f"
. 1. Oontaninants (appearing in 29 CFR 1910.1000) were evaluated on a case-by-case basis to determine whether ingestion of the material
. would represent a significant risk and, if so, whether wipe sanpling would be appropriate to support a citation under 29 CFR 1910.141(g) (2) (g)(4).
OOO5339
-4-
Notes
Isopropyl alcohol is recarenended over water since substances that are soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol are
generally not absorbed through the skin* Conversely substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol are generally absorbable through the skin* (Provided molecular weight is not excessively high; i*e., above 300 gm/nole) *
a* Bie following criteria were used:
Category
Wipe sampling warranted
Criteria
Carcinogen and suspect carcinogen (category I of the proposed carcinogen standard)
Wipe sanpling warranted
Pesticides and serious health health hazards "significant potential" for gastrointestinal (G.I.) absorption*
Wipe sampling not warranted
"Other" health hazards with significant potential" for gastrointestinal absorption.
Wipe sailing not warranted
No "significant potential" for G*I absorption.
Significant potential" is defined to be substances having
an ID^q for rates of less than 500 rog/kg where data v^re
available. The LD^g (oral) data were used only to provide
a relative ranging of oral toxicity.
attempt was made
to extrapolate fran these data to actual amount absorbed
or actual anount constituting "significant risk".
s' The Mm should accurately doosnent on the OSHA 91 the resulting
values from wipe sanpling to enable guidelines for specific
contaminant levels to be developed in the future*
RSV 000S340
-5-
3. It should be noted that these data are based on acute lethal effect (i.e., LD^q) and, if the CS30 has additional information to justify potential hazard fran a chronic G.I. absorption standpoint, such data should be utilized in determining if the resulting exposure presents a potential employee hazard.
4. Wipe sampling procedure* Wipe sampling shall be conducted on surfaces which have frequent hand contact, such as lunch containers, lunch tables and chairs, drinking fountains, etc; as well as the hands, i.e. where, in the opinion of the CSHO, a potential exists for ' sifesequent ingestion of the material via contamination of food or water. The method described in Section C. 3 of this chapter shall be used.
E. Wipe Sampling' to Support Citations Order 29 CFR 1910.134(b) (5) and (e) (5) and 29 CFR 1910 434 (bTTTT In order of the Industrial Bygienist to determine how effective the fit, cleaning and storage programs are for respiratory, it is desirable to utilize wipe sanpling. The method described in Section C.3 of this Chapter shall be used.
P. Wipe Sanolino to Support Citations Order 29 CFR 1910.1003 Through .1016 Wipe sasples may be used to be document the presence of a carcino genic substance regulated under the above-named standards, as appropriate. The techniques used are the sane as described in Sections C.3 of this chapter.
RSV 0005341
G. Special Techniques for Field Analytical Evaluation of Wipe Sanples for Carcinogenic Aronatic Amines 1. Wipe sampling procedure
filter paper moistened with 5 drops of methanol (placed in center) . As in the case of routine wipe samplingf polyethylene gloves shall be worn, mis avoids contanination of the filter by the hands and the subsequent possibility for false positives, and prevents contact with the carcinogens. 2. Analysis a. After wiping the sample area, apply 3 drops of fluoroescsnine
(visualization reagent supplied by SIC Laboratory) to the filter. Place a drop upon an area of the filter which had not contacted the surface, mis provides a blank adjacent to the test area. b. After a reaction tine of 6 minutes, place the filter in the U.V. light viewing apparatus arv3 irradiate with 366 nn U.V. light. Qcaaine for color formation as indicated in the following:
Color of Fluoroescent Derivative Upon Irradiation With 366 nm Ultraviolet Light
Cancer-Susoect Pcent
4,4' -Mathyllene bis (2-chloroanilline) Benzidine 3,3'-Dichlorobenzid ine aipha-Napthyl.snine beta-Naphthyl anine 4-Aminobiphenyl
Fluorogenic Reagent Flooroescsnine
Yellcw Yellow Yellcw Yellow Yellow Yellow
RSV 0005342
-7 If the information of a color is observed on the filter used to wipe the surface, collect another sample using the sane procedure and send it to the SLC Laboratory for confirmation testing. H. Tablein Chapter IX of this manual indicates on a substance-bysdistance basis where wipe sanpling would be appropriate for citations
under 29 CFR 1910.132(a) or 29 CFR 1910.141(g) (2) and (g) (4). Ebr citation
under 29 CFR 1910.134 simple presence would establish risk or ineffective ness of the respirator program elenents.
RSV 0009343
Substance Abate Acetaldehyde Acetic Acid Acetic Anhydride Acetone Acetonitrile 2-Acetylaninofiuorsne Acetylene Acetylene Tetrabrcaide Acrolein Acrylani.de -- Skin j Acrylonitrile - Skin Aldrin - Skin Aluadum (AL203) Allyl Alcohol - Skin ^
Allyl Chloride Allyl Glycidyl Ether'/
(age) - Skin Allyl Propyl Disulfide 4-Aoinodiphenyl - Skin 2-Aninopyridine Annonia
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_________Substance Bismuth Teiluride Bismuth Teiluride
(Se-Do?ad) Borates, Tatra, Sodium
Salt, Anhydrate Borates, Tetra, Sodium
Salt, Fentahydrate
Boron Oxide Boron Tribroaide Boron Trifluoride
Bromine Bromine Pentafluoride Bromochloroaetfcane Bromoforr. - Skin Butadiene (1,3-Butadiene) Butane 2-3utanone CMEK) 2-3utoxethanol (3utyl
Cellosolve) - Skin
N-JJutyl Acetate Sec-Butyl Acetate Tert-Butyl Acetate K-3utyi Alcohol Skin Sec-Butyl Alcohol . Tert-5utyl Alcohol Tert-Butyl Chromate
(As CR03) - Skin
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RSV 0005347
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________ Substar.ca______________
Carbon Tetrabro.tida
Carbon Tetrachloride-Skin
Catechol (Pyrccatachol)
Cellulose (Paper Fiber)
Cesiua Hydroxide
Chlordar.e - Skin
Chlorinated Cacoher.e Solid - Skin - Liquid
Chlorinated Diphenyl Oxide Chlorine
Chlorine Dioxide
Chlorine Trifluoride
1- Chloro--1-lfitropropane
2- Chlora-6-(Trichloronethyl) Pyridine
Chloroacetaldehyde
a-Chloroacetophenone (Phenacyl chloride)
Chlorobenzene
O-Chiorobenzylidene Malonor.itrile - Skin
- Chlorobrotnosiethane
Chlorod if luoreste thane
(P22)
Chlorodiphenyl (u2% Cl) Skin
Chlorodiphenyl (5^% Cl) Skin
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KSV 0005348
Substance
Chlorcfora Cnloropicrin -- Chiorcprer.s - Skin Chloropyrircs (Dursban)
Skin Q-Chlorostyrene O-Chlorotoluene - Skin
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Chromates, Certain Insol.
Foms
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Chronic Acid 6 Chromates /
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Chrorniua Sol. Chrcnates \
Salts '
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Clopidol (Csydea)
. Coal .Tar Pitch Volatiles
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C Cobalt, Metal, Fuse l Dust -- Copper Dusts. 5 Mists -Copper Ftsaa Corundum (A1203)
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Cotton Dust.(Paw) Crag Herbicide (Sesone) Cresol (All Iscmers)
Skin
Croton.ald.ehyd3
Crufomate (Ruelene) Cumene - Skin Cyanamida Cyanides (As C.'O-Skin
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gsv 0005349
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SuisTar.ca
Cyanogen
Cyclohexane
Cyclchexarvol
--Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclohexylaicine-Skin
Cyclopentadiece
2,4--t) C 2,4-Dichlcrophenoxy-
Acetic Acid)
DDT - Skin
-- Deeabcrane -- Skin
Deraeton (SystQiO-Skia
-- Di-Sec, Octyl,Pfcthalate
Diacetone Alcohol
" Diazinon - Skin
--Diazcoethane r
-Dibo^ace *
D^bron '
2-W-Dibutylaninaethanol Skin
-1 * 2-Dibroaoethar.e (Ethylenedibronids) Skin
Dibutyl ?hosphate
Dibutylphthalate
Dichloroacatylene
1,1-Dichloro-l-iEirroethane
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Subswar.es
-- 1,3-DIchiaro-5,5Dinethyihydintoin
O-Dichiorobsnsene
P-Diehlorobeasssa
3,3-Diehlorobensidiris-Sieia
Dichlorodifluoroizethar.e
CF12 )
1,1-Dichioroethana
1,2-Dichloroethase (Ethylene Diahioride)
Dichloroethyl Ether Skin
1,2-DichIoroethyieaa
Dichlorononofluorosethane
(F21)
*
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
Dichlcrvos (DDVP)-Skin
Dieratophos (3idrirO-Skin
. Dicycioper.tadiene
Dicy.elopentadienyl--Iron
Dieldrin-Skin
Diethylarsine
Diethyl2iainoethanol-Skin
Diethylene Trianina-Skin
DiethyIphthalite
D iflucrcd ibrectanathane
Diglycidyl Ether (DGE)
Diisobutyl Ketor.e
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R$V 0005351
_____________ Suhstsr.ce Diiscprspylarine-Skin Dimethyl Acatanide-Skia U.-Dinethyl Ar.inoatohancer.e Disethyl Sclfate-Skin Direthylanine DJunathylanilina-Skir. Dinathylfomanids-Skin 1,1-Direthylhydra2ir.a-Skiri
; jCx/C(7M CL'r^ 1^-O/j
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Dinethylphchalate
Dinitro-O-Cresol-Skin
Dinitrobennene (All Isoners) - Skin
4 aP
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3, S-Dinitro-Q-Toluanide (Zoalene)
( Dinitrotoluene - Skin.
Dioxane Technical Grads Skin
Dioxathion (Delnav)
Diphenylarair.e
Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether Skin
Diquat
Disulruram
Disyston-Skin
2 >S-Ditert-3utyl-?-Cresol
Dyfor.ate
Er.ary
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RSW 000535^
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t'jAl
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Endosulfar. (Thiodan)-Skin Endriu - Skin Epichlcrhydrin-Skia ?n-Skir. Ethans Ethanolaains Ethion (Jiialate)-Skin 2-Ethoxyethano1-Skin 2-Ethoxyethylacetata-Skin 'Ethyl Acetate ' Ethyl Acrylate-Skin Ethyl Alcohol Ethylamiaa
c Ethyl Sec-Amyl Ketone
Ethylbenzene Ethyl Bromide Ethyl Butyl Ketone Ethyl Chloride Ethyl Ether Ethyl Formate Ethyl Mercaptan Ethyl Silicate Ethylene Ethylene Chlarohydrin-Skin Ethylene Diamine
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RSV 0005353
Suister.oa
Ethylene Glycol DizirrareSkis.
Ethylene Glycol !!cn=rethyl Etheracatata (Kathy! Cellosolva Acetace)-Skin
Ethyler. Glycol, Particulate
Ethylene GLycoL, Vapor Ethylene Oxide Ethyleneiaine-Skia Ethylidenenorboraena
M-Ethylsarpho lina-Skin
Fensulfothion C Dasanit)
Ferbam
Ferrovanadiun Dust Fibrous Glass or Dust Fluoride (As F) Fluorine Fluorotrichloromethane
(FID Formaldehyde Fomaaide Formic Acid Furfural-Skin Furfury1 Alcohol-Skin Gasoline
Germanium Tetrahydrida
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RSV 0005354
Suhstar-ce__________
Glutaraidehyde Glutaraldahyda (Alkalis
Activated) Glycerin Miss Glycidol Graphite (Natural) Graphite (Synthetic) Gypsun Hafniua Heliua' Heptachlor-Skia Heptane Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexachloroethane-Skin. Hexachlorosaphthalene-Skia Hexafluoroacetone N-Hexane2-Hexanone (H3K)-Skin Hexone (MXBK)-Skin Hexylacetate-Sec Hexylene Glycol Hydrazine-Skin Hydrogen Hydrogen Srcnide Hydrogen Chloride Hydrogen Cyanide-Skin
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RSV 0005355
.
Su Hydrcge:: Fluoride Hydrogen. Peroxide, 90% Kydrogan Salenide
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Hydrogen Sulfide
Hydrogenated Terphenyls
Kydroquir.or.e
Indene
Indiua Coapouads, As I2f
Iodine
lodofcrra . ...
Iron Oxide Fuse
Iron Pentacarbonyl
c Iron Salts, Soluble* As FE
Iscaayl Acetate
Iseanyl Alcohol
Isobutyl Acetate
Isobutyl'Alcohol'
Isophoror.s
Isoohorone Diisocyanate Skin
Isopropyl Acetate
Isopropyl Alcohol-Skin
Isoprosylaraine
Isopropyl Ether
Isoorooyl Glycidyl Ether
(ICS)
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RSV 0005356
Subs tar.ca_________ Kaolin Keteas Lead Arsenate, As PB
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A Por'g>.<j-;vr^ oUT^TTC / '7 / o / 5 *09 /tO ;
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Lead, Inorg., Fumes 6 Dusts, As ?3
3
Limestone Lindane-Skin
Lithium Hydride
LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas)
f Z 3
4
v\ 5
Magnesite Magnesium Oxide Turns Malathion-Skin Maleic Anhydride Manganese and Compounds Manganese Cyclopentadienyl
Triearhonyl-Skin Marble
f-
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3 / v /
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XA>
*~y m^5
Mercury (Alkyl Compounds) Skin As HG
Mercury (inorganic) As Hg Skin All forms except alkyl
Mesityl Oxide
Methane
Methcmyl (Lannate)-Skin
Methoxychlor
2-Methoxyethano1-Skin (Methyl Cellosolve)
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RSV 0005357
Subotanca Methyl 2-Cyanoacrylate Methyl Acetate Methyl Acetylene Methyl Acetyiana-
Propadiene Mix (MAP?) Methyl Acrylate-Skin Methyl. Acroylonitrile-Skin I Methyl Alcohol-Skin Methyl Anine Methyl Brcaide-Skin Methyl Chloride Methyl Chloroform Methyl Chloromethyl Ether *
Methyl Cyclohexane Methyl Cyclohexanol 0-Methyl Cyclohexanone
Skin Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Peroxide Methyl Fornate Methyl Iodide-Skin Methyl Isoanyl Ketone Methyl Isobutylcarbir.ol
Skin
Methyl Isocyanate-Skin Methyl Mercaptan Methyl Methacrylate Methyl If-Amyl Ketone
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RSV 0005358
Substance
Methyl ?arathion-Skin
Methyl Silicate
a-Methyl Styrene
Methylai
rvMet hylcyclop g zadi ar.y1
Manganese Tricarb (As Mr.) Skin
Methyldsrceton-Skin
4,4-Methyiene 3is
(2-Chloroaniline)
(Moca) Skin
ll^fV- /<
3
2
3 4 3 .-
2
11
UA3
k(h
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k/*
HV
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Methylene Bis
(4-Cyclohexylisocyar.ate)
nX i/M
Hethylene Bisphenyl Isocyanate (MDI)
Methylene Chloride Mica
Mineral Wool Fiber
!Hjro*
4
4 /?
Molybdenun, As MO (Insolubles)
3
Molybdenum, As MO (Solubles)
Monocrotoohos (Azodrin)
Monoraethyl Hydrazine-Skin
Monomethyl Anilir.e-Skia
3 A/-'
3 aJJ
A Hrb j&d
3
Morpholine-Skin Naphtha (Coal Tar) Naphthalene a-Maphthylenine
3 aJy* O*-'
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RSV 0005359
09C5000 AS*
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Substance Ccrachloro 'iaphthalena
Skin Octane Oil HistParticulate Oil Mist, Vapor Osrniua Tetroxide, As OS Oxalic Acid Oxygen Difluoride Ozone Paraffin Wax Fuae Paraquat-Skin Parathica-Skin Pentalorane Pentachloronaphthalene
Skin. Pentachloroohenol-Skin P entaerythrital .Pentane 2-Pentanone Perchloroethylene-Skin Perchlcroaethylnercaptan Perchloryl Fluoride Perlite Petroleum Distillates
QJaotha) Phenol-Skin Phenothiazir. e-Skin
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RSV 0005361
Substance
P-Phar.yler.e Diar.ine-S
( Phenyl Ether (Vapor)
Phenyl. Ethar-3iphenyl Hi* (Vapor)
Phenyiglycidyl Ether (PGS)
Phenylhydracir.e-Skir.
Phenylphosphir.e
Phorata (Thicat)-Skin
Phosdria (MevinohQs)-Skin
Phosgene
Phosphine
Phosphoric Acid
Phosphorus (Yellow)
Phosphorus Fentachloride
Phosphorus Pentasulfida
Phosphorus Trichloride
Phthalic Anhydride
H-?hahalodinitrile
Picloran (Tordon) e
Picric Acid-Skin
Pival
t
Plaster of Paris
Platinua (Soluble Salts) As Pc
Folytecrafluoroethyier.a Deconp. Products Var
Portland Cecer.t
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\ RSV 0005362
Subs Tar.ca
Pocassiua Hydroxida
Propaua Propargyl Alcohol-Skin
B-?ropriolactor.e If-Propyl Acetate
Propyl Alcohol-Skin K-Prooyi Nitrate Prooylene Dichlorida 1,2-?rcpyIene Glycol
Dlnitrara-Skin
Propylene Glycol Honocathyl Ether
Propylene Inine-Skin Propylene Oxide
Pyrethrua Pyridine Quinone
RDX-Skin CCyclorrimethylene Trinitramine)
Resorcinol
Rhodium, Metal Fume 5 Dusts (As ?H)
Rhcdiun, Soluble Salts Ronnel
Rosin Core Solder Pyrolysis Products(As
Rotenone
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(ss sy) ` apTUcr.qrsxaH csitiist^S (SS SY) spunecusoo anpaax^S
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)
Substance
Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfur Hexafluoride
Sulfur Monochloride
Sulfur Pentafluoride
Sulfur Tetrafluorice
Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuryl Fluoride
2,4',5-T Talc (Kon-Asbestiform)
Tantalum
Tadp-Skin
Teflon Decomposition Products
Tellurium
Tellurium Hexafluoride As TE
Ttf? - Skin
Terphenyls
Tetra Methyl Lead CAs PH) - Skin
Tetra Methyl Succinonitrile Skin
l,l,2,2-Tetrachloro-I,2Difluoroetharte
1.1.1.2-Tetrachloro-2,2Difluoroethane
1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane Skin
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RSV 0005365
n a w B a a s irr
Substance TetrEchloror.aphcfcelerta
Skin
Tetraethyl Lead (.s ?3) Skin
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetranitrorethaue
Tetryl-Skin
Thalliun (Soluble Compds) Skin
4-,4--Thiobis (S Tert Butyi-M-Cresol)
Thiram
Tin (Inorganics, Except SKK4- and SN02)
Tin (Organics) - Skin Skin As S1I
Tin Oxide
Titaniun Dioxide
Toluene - Skin
Toluece-2,4-Diisccyanate (TDI)
O-Toluidir.e-Skin
Tributyl Phosphate
1.1.2-Trichloro-l,2,2Trifluoroethane
1,2,4-Trichlorobencens
1.1.2-Trichloro e thane-Skin
Trichloroethylene
Trichioronaphthalens-Skin
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RSV 0005366
Sci3t3r.ee 1,2,3-Trichi oropropane 1,1,2-Trichloro, 1,2,2-
Trifluoroet hane Tricyclohexyitin Hydroxide
(Plictran) Triethylaair.e Trisluorcconobrosaom ethane Tricethylhanseoe Trinitrotoluene-Skin Triarthocresyl Phosphate Triphenyl Phosphate Triphenylamine Tungsten Compounds,
As W (Insoluble) Tungsten S Comocusds,
As H (Soluble) Turpentine Uraniun (Natural)
Insoluble Uraniun (Natural)
Soluble Vanadium (V20S) As Dust Vanadium (V2QS) As Tune Vinyl Acetate Vinyl Bromide Vinyl Chloride Vinyl Cyclohexene Dioxide
r-
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