Document p2BGwrN4QK0wn73wwY6jap46D

[^^h'P/tcducS) INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM To Distribution From M. R- Chmura B. A. Gebbla W. D. Greer B. D. Helms R. C. lletzau H. Ortega H. J. Smith H. L. Watson Date 11 October 1983 Subject VINYL CHLORIDE SAFETY AND HEALTH WORK PRAttftE STANDARD - CALVERT CITY PLANT ( REVISED 25 APRIL 1983) (Location, Oroonliotlon, of Ooeortmont) Chemicals Manufacturing - Safety (Location, Orianltatlon, or Department) Attached for your guidance Is the approved copy of the Vinyl Chloride Safety and Health Work Practice Standard for the Calvert City plant. As part of the administration of this standard, we will be Implementing a mandatory review on an annual basis. The next review will be due 1 October 1984. MRC/dmg Attachment 0219g M. R. Chmura (320) AP00026466 SAFETY AND HEALTH WORK PRACTICE STANDARD - Vinyl Chloride Calvert City Plant Revised 25 April 83 1 i AP00026467 Approvals: SAFETY AND HEALTH WORK PRACTICE STANDARD VINYL CHLORIDE CALVERT CITY PLANT REVISED 25 APRIL 1983 Chemicals Group Manager of Safety /_ Date ^3- iriager of Manufacturing Services 2.e -- Plamnt Manager - Calvert City" Production Manage^ - Calvert City Safety iand^Environmental Manager NOTE: The purpose of this Standard is to promote safe conditions through the avoidance of exposure and prevent accidents affecting the safety and health of employees, visitors, and contractors through proper instruction and implementation of safe operating procedures, so as to protect the well being of individuals and minimize product or property losses. It addresses the safety and industrial hygiene concerns involved with the handling of vinyl chloride monomer. As the need for new procedures is recognized, it is intended that they will be developed and-added to this standard. AP00026468 1 t TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. Objective 2. Scope ' 3. Permissible Exposure Limits 4. Monitoring 5. Regulated Areas 6. Deregulation of Areas 7. Personal Protective Equipment 8. Emergencies 9. Training 10. Medical Surveillance 11. Recordkeeping 12. Reports - KCSHA Requirements 13. Signs and Labels 14. Sanitation 15. Health Hazards 1 1 2 3 5 7 9 12 20 23 24 25 27 29 30 Appendices I. Vinyl Chloride - Properties II. Analytical Method - Vinyl Chloride In Air III. KOSHA Vinyl Chloride Standard 1910.1017 AP00026469 1 1. OBJECTIVE The objective of this standard is to promote safe conditions and prevent accidents affecting the safety and health of employees and integrity of the plant and product through proper instruction, control of the work environment, and implementation of safe operating procedures. It is the further objective of this standard to assure compliance with the Kentucky Occupational Safety Administration's (KOSHA's) standard on Vinyl Chloride 1910.1017. 2. SCOPE This standard applies to all Calvert City operations involving the manufacture, reaction, packaging, storage, transfer, sampling or analysis of vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride where the potential for exposure to vinyl chloride equals or exceeds 0.5 parts per million. Specifically the Standard applies to the PVC plant, Emulsion plant (EVC1} and the laboratory. -1- AP00026470 1 4. MONITORING Initial Determination Each operation involving vinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride or vinyl chloride emulsions shall undertake a program of initial monitor ing and measurement to determine if any employee is exposed, without regard to the use of respirators, in excess of the "action level (0.5 ppm)". Area and personnel monitoring will be used. Personnel Monitoring A program of continued monitoring of all employees in an area shall be established to define the expo.sure levels. Each employee shall be monitored as a minimum: a. Monthly where exposure is in excess of the permissible exposure limits; b. Quarterly where exposure is in excess of the "action level" but not in excess of the permissible exposure limits. When exposure is shown to be consistently below the "action level" for a particular work area or job classification, the monitoring program may be discontinued. However, annual air sampling should be performed to confirm that exposure levels remain below the "action level". Whenever there has been a change in operating procedures, equipment, or controls which may result in an increase in the atmospheric concentration of vinyl chloride, or there is any reason to suspect that an employee may be exposed in excess of the "action level", a program of monitoring must be re-instituted. -3- AP00026471 Respirators All monitoring shall be interpreted without regard to the use of respirators except that the use of respirators by employees being monitored shall be documented as to the- type of respirator and the duration of use during the sampling period. 5. REGULATED AREAS For the purposes of this work practice regulated areas shall be maintained in the PVC reactor building, monomer recovery, slurry stripping, gas holder and VCM storage, and railcar unloading areas. Additional areas shall be regulated when results of employee exposure monitoring show vinyl chloride exposure levels in excess of permissible exposure limits (1 ppm for 8 hr. time-weighted average or 5 ppm averaged over any period not exceeding 15 minutes). Regulated areas shall be designated by the plant manager after a review of the monitor ing data by Chemicals Group Safety. Extent of Regulated Area The extent of the regulated area shall be determined by the ability to physically segregate the area by means of a fixed barrier or control access at limited entry points. It will be common therefore to have a regulated area encompass a larger area than would be strictly required by monitoring results. Regulated Area Segregation Each regulated area shall be physically segregated from other nonregulated areas by a fixed barrier. For large, open, outdoor areas a 3-foot high fence is recommended. Chain is acceptable. For indoor areas, existing building walls and doors will serve as the barrier. The number of access points to the controlled area- should be minimized, consistent with safety considerations for emergency egress. -5- AP00026472 1 Non-APCI Employees (contractors who are freouent visitors and those who actually engage in work): 1. Review with the management of the contracting firm the requirements set forth by KOSHA for working in a VCM regulated area. A copy of KOSHA Regulations will be given to each contracting firm. (See Appendix III) 2. Establish the responsibility for medical program and its implementation. 3. Provide the contractor's employees with the prescribed and the necessary safety and health training. 4. The contractor should be (and legally is) the responsible party for maintaining the medical and exposure records for its employees. 5. Personnel monitoring of contractor's employees is the contrac tor's resporisibi 1 ity. 6. Contract personnel must comply with the same requi reir.ents when in a regulated area as do APCI employees. They may not, however, enter a regulated area when vinyl chloride concentra tions exceed 1 ppm even if wearing respiratory protection, unless special clearance shall be clearly indicated on their work permit. (Note: 1 ppm has been selected to avoid exceeding the PEL and to agree with existing area chromatograph alarm levels.) 6. TEMPORARY DEREGULATION OF AREAS Those areas which are regulated may be cleared of all VCM exposure potential and declared non-regulated after satisfactory area monitoring and upon approval of the plant manager. This procedure will normally only be used for plant turnarounds when the production unit is down. -7- AP00026473 1.nr-*"1 7. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Respiratory Protection Respirators used for protection against vinyl chloride exposure shall be selected from among those approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). A respiratory protection program shall be established and maintained which meets the requirements of the OSHA respiratory protection standard 29 CFR 1910.134 as well as the APCI "Respiratory Protection Program Guide" issued by the Corporate Medical Department. The Calvert City Respirator Program includes all areas where potential exposure to VCM exists (see Safety Manual Procedure 20). -9- AP00026474 Respiratory Protection (Cont'd) self-contained breathing apparatus in the event that the first employee should require assistance. Should maintenance or other work be performed which will require an extended time period (greater than 10 min.) air-line respirators may be used when the concentration has been determined by HNU meter measurements to be less than 1,000 ppm VCM. LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) warning lights and audible alarms indicate at 20* of the LEL (LEL = 36,000 ppm VCM) which is 7,200 ppm. This condition, because this level exceeds 3600 ppm or 10% of the LEL, requires the use of a self-contained breathing apparatus (Scott or equivalent) and entry into the area may be made for life rescue, securing equipment or fire fighting purposes only. Hazardous Operations Employees engaged in hazardous operations, including vessel entry for cleaning and line/tank openings, and any other operation that contains liquid VCM until cleared of VCM, shall be provided and required to wear respiratory protection and appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin contact with liquid vinyl chloride. Other Personal Protective Equipment Other personal protective equipment such as hard hats, safety shoes, safety glasses, goggles, hearing protectors, etc. snail be required based on standard plant safety rules and requirements. - 11 - AP00026475 Emergency Plan (Cont'd) shall further specify that employees not so equipped shall evacuate the area and not return until the emergency is under control as indicated by area chromatograph points and/or portable detection equipment. Reporting - Internal The Plant Superintendent or Assistant Plant Superintendent is responsible for ensuring that the incident is reported immediately to the Plant Manager, along with all relevant information available at the time. In Laboratories Using VCM - The Lab Superintendent or Q.A. Manager is responsible for ensuring that the incident is reported immediately to the Plant Manager, along with all information available at the time. The Lab Superintendent or Q.A. Manager is responsible for ensuring the incident is reported to the Plant Manager. The Plant Manager is responsible for ensuring that Chemicals Group Safety is contacted as soon as practical, but never more than 18 hours after the emergency occurs. Chemicals Group Safetywill notify the departments listed below. Each department will be given all the information available at the time. This will allow each of these departments to provide appropriate assistance and guidance based on the. specific circumstances. A. Higher Chemicals Group Management B. Law C. Public Relations D. Corporate Medical E. Corporate Safety - 13 - AP00026476 ------------------ Reporting - KOSHA (Cont'd) Legal approval should be obtained prior to making both the initial telephone contact and any subsequent written report. However, the initial telephone contact must not be delayed beyond the 24-hour deadline. If legal advise is not available during this 24-hour period, the report should be reviewed by Chemicals Group Safety. Emergency Medical Surveillance These emergency medical surveillance procedures represent a consensus of the Corporate Medical Director, consulting physicians and plant physicians. Hospitals used by the plant should be made aware of these procedures, in advance, by the plant physician so that delays are not encountered during an emergency. If any difficulty arises, the hospital should be instructed to contact the plant physician for whatever directions or approvals they require. Guidelines for help in identifying the need for emergency medical treatment are given below: 1. Idem:fy all persons potentially exposed to vinyl chloride during the emergency. This means a 11 persons in the vicinity of the release including plant operators, supervisors, maintenance personnel, visitors, contractors, etc. Area monitors may be used to assist in determining those areas which were not exposed to high levels. It also means other persons, not associated with the PVC plant, who may inadvertently be downwind of the release and exposed to vinyl chloride concentrations over 100 ppm. This need to iden tify potentially exposed persons requires that the shift foreman be constantly aware of who is in the PVC plant by means of access logs, work permits,' etc. The shift foreman must also be prepared to do a little detective work and "ask around" to identify those persons inadvertently exposed. - 15 - AP00026477 the foreman must use his best judgement. Individuals identified as being exposed should receive medical surveillance. (The Corporate Medical Director has indicated that this should include blood tests; however, hospitalization is not required.) - 17 - AP00026478 1 Emergency Medical Surveillance (Cont'd) 1. The shift foreman or Lab Superintendent will identify the individual(s) who have been exposed and will escort him(them) to the plant clinic. 2. The safety officer/nurse will arrange for transportation of the victim(s) to and from the hospital, if required. - 19 - AP00026479 Employee Training (Cont'd) j. Specific information to aid the employee in recognizing conditions which may result in the release of Vinyl Chloride. k. A review of the KOSHA Vinyl Chloride standard 1910.1017. This training shall be given to each employee before assignment to a job involving the manufacture of Polyvinyl Chloride. This training shall be repeated annually for each employee assigned to jobs involving Polyvinyl Chloride manufacturing. This training shall be documented to include a statement signed by each employee that he/she has received and understood the information in a. through k. above. Visitor Orientation (casual or one-time visitors both APCI and non-APCI) Each visitor to an area where Vinyl Chloride or Polyvinyl Chloride is processed shall receive a safety orientation to include the following information: a. The nature of the health hazard from chronic exposure to Vinyl Chloride including specifically the cancer hazard. b. The nature of the health hazard from acute exposure to Vinyl Chloride. c. The fire hazard of Vinyl Chloride. ... d. The specific nature of operations which could result in Mr?-- exposure to Vinyl Chloride in excess of permissible limits. e. Warning lights and alarms in the work area to be visited. f. Respirator types available, their location and use. g. Emergency procedures. This orientation shall be given to each visitor before he/she may enter an area where Vinyl Chloride is used, stored, or transferred. - 21 - AP00026480 WMWrwn 1 10. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE A Medical Surveillance Program shall be instituted for each employee engaged in operations which involve Vinyl Chloride, Polyvinyl Chloride, or Vinyl Chloride Emulsions. Such a system, including computerized storage of medical records and Vinyl Chloride exposure data, has been established by the Corporate Medical and Management Information Departments. Administrative procedures relating to this Medical Surveillance Program may be found in the APCI Corporate Occupational Health Manual. - 23 - AP00026481 Required Information (Cont'd) c. Type of instruments and methods used. d. Concentrations determined. e. Type of respirator and duration of use, if any. 12. REPORTS - KQSHA REQUIREMENTS Regulated Areas Not later than 1 month after the establishment of a regulated area, the following information shall be reported to the KOSHA Area Director. Any changes to such information shall be reported within 15 days: a. The address and location of each establishment which has one or more regulated areas, and b. The number of employees in each regulated area during normal operations, including maintenance. Such reports should be reviewed by Chemicals Group Safety and the Legal Department before being sent to .KOSKA. Emergencies Emergencies, and the facts obtainable at that time, shall be reported within 24 hours to the KOSHA Area Director. Upon request of the Area Director, the plant manager shall submit additional informa tion in writing relevant to the nature and extent of employee exposures and measures taken to prevent future emergencies 'of similar nature. See the "Emergencies" section of this standard for further details on emergency reporting procedures. Monitoring Monitoring of employee exposures will be carried out by the plant laboratory. Monitoring results shall be reported to the Plant Superinten dent and SHE Manager within 3 days. Scheduling of the monitoring and - 25 - AP00026482 13. SIGNS AND LABELS Regulated Areas Entrances to regulated areas shall be posted with legible signs bearing the legend: CANCER-SUSPECT AGENT AREA AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY Hazardous Operations Areas containing hazardous operations or where an emergency currently exists shall be posted with legible signs bearing the legend: CANCER-SUSPECT AGENT IN THIS AREA PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT REQUIRED AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY Containers Containers (bags, cars, silos, boxes, etc.) of polyvinyl chloride resin waste from reactors or other waste contaminated with vinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled: CONTAMINATED WITH VINYL CHLORIDE CANCER-SUSPECT AGENT Containers of polyvinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled either: POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (OR TRADE NAME) CONTAINS VINYL CHLORIDE VINYL CHLORIDE IS A CANCER-SUSPECT AGENT No A hopper car is a container and requires a label. Containers of vinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled either: (A) VINYL CHLORIDE EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE GAS UNDER PRESSURE CANCER-SUSPECT AGENT -27- AP00026483 14. SANITATION General In all areas covered by this standard, the storage, handling or consumption of food or beverages shall be prohibited. Food or drink is only to be consumed in office areas and lunch rooms. Also, the storage or use of tobacco products, and the storage or use of cosmetics shall be prohibited, except in approved smoking/break areas, lunch rooms, etc. Washing Facilities Showers, hand washing facilities, and soap and water shall be available to all employees working in areas covered by this standard. Clothing Clothing saturated with vinyl chloride monomer or with other materials containing vinyl chloride monomer shall be promptly removed and replaced with uncontaminated clothing. - 29 - AP00026484 Acute Effects (Cont'd) per million. After the body eventually eliminates the vinyl chloride, a process which takes several hours, normal heart rhythm usually resumes. Chronic Effects Chronic effects of vinyl chloride are effects that develop over a long time, and are often delayed in appearing. Chronic effects may occur after repeated exposures, which individually are not intense enough to cause obvious immediate symptoms. The most serious chronic effect is cancer. Specifically, long term exposure to vinyl chloride is known to cause angiosarcoma of the liver, a very rare tumor in humans. While angiosarcoma of the liver has appeared in people with no known exposure to vinyl chloride, it is fair to say that many cases of anaiosarroma of the liver have followed overexposure to the substance. Over 100 of the world's vinyl chloride workers have had this disease since vinyl chloride was first used commercially over forty years ago. Their exposures, when known, have been high -- not necessarily high enough to cause acute symptoms, but well above the currently accepted limits. Commonly, the cancer is detected ten to twenty-five years or more aff|r the beginning of exposure. Angiosarcoma is difficult to detect ana'there is no effective treatment. Untreated angiosarcoma of the liver is usually fatal within 8 months of diagnosis. Even with treatment, death usually occurs within 16 months. Therefore, the emphasis must be placed on prevention of the disease, not treatment. - 31 - AP00026485 APPENDIX I Vinyl Chloride - Properties PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Synonyms: Vinyl Chloride, vinyl chloride monomer, VC1, VCM, chloroethylene, chloroethene Chemical Formula: ch2chci Molecular Weight: 62.5 Boiling Point: -13.8C 7.0F Freezing Point: -153.7C -245F Flash Point, Open Cup: -78C -108.4F Flammable Limits, volume % in air at 25C (77F): 3.6 to 33 Autoignition Temperature: 472C 882F Minimum Oxygen for Ignition (with nitrogen as diluent): 12.0% approx Vapor Density, air = 1: 2.15 Liquid Density, 25C: 0.9013 g/ml Vapor Pressure at 20C: 35 psig Odor Threshold: 1000 ppm 1 AP00026486 APPENDIX II ANALYTICAL METHOD - VINYL CHLORIDE IN AIR Physical and Chemical Analysis Branch (NIOSH) Analytical Method Analyte: Matrix; Procedure: Date Issued: Date Revised: Vinyl Chloride (Chloroethene, Chloroethylene) Method No.: Range: Air Adsorption on charcoal, desorp tion with carbon disulfide, GC 9/3/74 10/15/74 Precision: Classification: P&CAN #178 0.2-1500 ng per injection Unknown D (Operational) 1. Principle of the Method 1.1 A known volume of air is drawn through a charcoal tube to trap the vinyl chloride present. 1.2 The charcoal in the tube is transferred to a small vial contain ing carbon disulfide where the vinyl chloride is desorbed. 1.3 An aliquot of the desorbed sample is injected into a gas chromatograph. 1.4 The area of the resulting peak is determined and compared with jpjy areas obtained from the injection of standards. 2. Range and Sensitivity 2.1 The minimum detectable amount of vinyl chloride was found to be 0.2 nanograms per injection at a 1 x 1 attenuation on a gas chromatograph. AP00026487 3.4 If the possibility of interference exists, separation conditions i (column packing, temperature, etc.) must be changed to circumvent the problem. 4. Precision and Accuracy The precision and accuracy of the total sampling and analytical method have not been determined. 5. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Method 5.1 The sampling device is small, portable, and involves no liquids. Interferences are minimal, and most of those which do occur can be eliminated by altering chromatographic conditions. The tubes are analyzed by means of a quick, instrumental method. The method can also be-used for the simultaneous analysis of two or more components suspected to be present in the same sample by simply changing gas chromatographic conditions from isothermal to a temperature-programmed mode of operation. 5.2 One disadvantage of the method is that the amount of sample which can be taken is limited by the number of milligrams that the tube will hold before overloading. When the sample value^ obtained for the backup section of the charcoal trap exceeds 3?: 20% of that found on the front section, the possibility of *F sample less exists. During sample storage, volatile compounds such as vinyl chloride will migrate throughout the tube until equilibrium is reached. At this time, 33% of these compounds will be found in the backup section. This may lead to some confusion as to whether sample loss has-occurred. This migra tion effect can be considerably decreased by shipping and storing the tubes at -20. AP00026488 6.6 Two ml vials which can be sealed with caps containing teflonlined silicone rubber septa. 6.7 Micro!iter syringes: 10->L, and convenient sizes for making standards. 6.8 Gastight syringes: 1-m L, with open/close valve. 6.9 Pipets: 0.5-m L delivery plpets or 1.0-m L type graduated in 0.1-m L increments. 6.10 Volumetric flasks: 10-m L or convenient sizes for making standard solutions. It is preferable to have plastic stoppers for the volumetric flasks. 7. Reagents 7.1 Spectroquality carbon disulfide. 7.2 Vinyl chloride, lecture bottle, 99.9% minimum purity. 7.3 Toluene, chromatographic quality. 7.4 Bureau of Mines Grade A helium. 7.5 Prepurified hydrogen 7.6 Filtered compressed air. 8. Procedure 8.1 Cleaning of Equipment. All glassware used for the laboratory analysis should be detergent washed and thoroughly rinsed with distilled water. 8*2 Calibration of Personal Pumps. Each personal pump must be calibrated with a representative charcoal tube in the line. This will minimize errors associated with uncertainties in the sample volume collected. AP00026489 the laboratory. If the samples will spend a day or more in transit, cooling (e.g., with dry ice) is necessary to minimize migration of vinyl chloride to the backup section. 8.3.11 Samples received at the laboratory are logged in and immediately stored in a freezer (around -20) until time for analysis. Samples may be stored in this manner for long periods of time with no appreciable loss of vinyl chloride (2 months). Even around -20C, vinyl chloride will equilibrate between the two* sections of charcoal, i.e., will migrate to the backup section. This phenomenon is observable after two weeks and may be confused with sample loss after 1 to 2 months. 8.4 Analysis of Samples 8.4.1 Preparation and Desorption of Samples. In preparation for analysis, each charcoal tube is scored with a file in front of the first section of charcoal and broken open. The glass wool is removed and discarded. The charcoal in the first (larger) section is transferred to a small vial containing 1 ml of carbon disulfide. (Note: the addition to the CS^ is important.) The vial is topped with a septum cap (see Section 6.6). The separating section of foam is removed and dis carded; the second section is transferred to another l AP00026490 the sample, and a 5-^d. aliquot is withdrawn to the 7.4 L mark (2/L solvent + O.j^L air + 5^>L sample * l.fyL). After the needle is removed from the sample and prior to injection the plunger is pulled back a short distance to minimize evaporation of the sample from the tip of the needle. Duplicate injections of each sample and standard are made. No more than a 3% difference in area is to be expected. 8.4.4 Measurement of area. The area of the sample peak is measured by an electronic integrator or some other suitable form of area measurement, and preliminary results are read from a standard curve prepared as discussed below. Determination of Desorption Efficiency 8.5.1 Importance of determination. The desorption efficiency of a particular compound can vary from one laboratory to another and also from one batch of charcoal to another. Thus, it is necessary to determine at least once the percentage of vinyl chloride that is removed in the desorption process. Desorption efficiency should he determined on the same batch of charcoal tubes used in sampling. Results indicate that desorp tion efficiency varies with loading (total vinyl chloride on the tube), particularly at lower values, i.e., 2.5^ g. i ! i t AP00026491 Calibration and Standards CAUTION: Laboratory Operations Involving Carcinogens Vinyl chloride has been identified as a human carcino gen and appropriate precautions must be taken in handling this gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has promulgated regulations for the use and handling of vinyl chloride. They may be found in 29 CFR 1910.93q (Section 1910.93q in Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations available in the Federal Register, Vol. 39, No. 194, Friday, October 4, 1974, pp. 35890-35898). A series of standards, varying in concentration over the range-bf interest, are prepared and analyzed under the same GC conditions and during the same time period as the unknown samples. Curves are established by plotting concentration in/<g/1.0 mL versus peak area. There are two methods of preparing standards and as long as highly purified vinyl chloride is used, both are comparable. NOTE: Since no internal standard is used in the method, standard solutions must be analyzed at the same time that the sample analysis ifl||gne. This will minimize the effect of day-to-day variations of tWFlD response. 9.1 Standard Preparation' Gravimetric Method - Vinyl chloride is slowly bubbled into a tared 10-ml volumetric flask containing approximately 5 ml of toluene. After 3 minutes, the flask is again weighed. A weight change of 100-300 mg is usually observed. The solution AP00026492 xvatvt'**' 10. Calculations 10.1 The weight, in g, corresponding to each peak area is read from w.-+*. ^ the standard curve for vinyl chloride. No volume corrections are needed, because the standard curve is based on g/1.0 mlCSg and the volume of sample injected is identical to the volume of 10.2 the standards injected. Corrections for the blank are made for each sample. where: s 9 y*gs _/<gs *y^q found in front section of sample tube y#g^ * found In front section of blank tube A similar procedure is followed for the backup sections! 10.3 These values are further corrected for the desorption efficiency at the level of vinyl chloride measured. 10.4 10.5 Corrected g - Qesorption efficiency The corrected amounts present in the front and backup section of the same sample tube are added to determine the total amount of vinyl chloride in the sample. The concentration of the vinyl chloride in the air sampled is expressed in mg/m , which is numerically equal to g/liter of ai r mg/m3 = y^g/L = total S<q (Section 10.4) where: V is the volume of air sampled AP00026493 flPPPNfTT.Y' T TT 41111. December 3. 1974; Section IflO.Uq <e> Repainted area. CD A regulated was redesignated as 1910.1017 It 40 FR area shall be established when; 33072, MSV 20. 1075) <81 "OSHA Area Director" means the (1) Vinvl ehloride or polvvmyl cliioncs Director for the .Occupational Safety 3s manufactured, reneied. .repackaged, snd Health Administration Am Office stored, handled or used: and having Jurisdiction over the- geographic (lil Vinyl chloride concentrations are area in which the employer's establish In-excess of the permissible exposure ment is located. limit. (9) "Polyvinyl chloride" means poly vinyl chloride homopolymer or copoly (21 Access to regulated areas shall bet mer before such is converted to a fabri limited to authorized persons. cated product. ISection 1910.]ai7(e><2) amended at (3 FR ' "(10) "Vinyl chloride" means vinyl 4973S. October 24. 1971. effective November 1 chloride monomer. 24. 1978] 1 S 1910.1017 Vinyl chloride. (c) Permissible exposure limit. (1) No (f) Methods of compliance. Employee! employee may be exposed to vinyl chlo exposures to vinyl chloride shall be ron-j (a) Scope and application. (I) This section includes requirements tar the control of employee exposure to vinyl chloride <chloroethene). Chemlc*! Ab stracts Service Registry No. 75014. ISection 1910.93q(al<H amended at 39 FR 41140. December 3. 1971; I910.93q was redesipaled as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 33072. .Mar 20. 1975) (3! This section applies to the manu facture. reaction, packaging. repackag ing, storage, handling or use oX vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride, but does not apply to the handling or use of fabri cated products made oX polyvinyl chlo ride. (3) This section applies to the trans portation of vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride except to the extent that the Department of Transportation may regulate the hazards covered by this sec tion. fb) Definitions. (1) "Action level" means a concentration of vinyl chloride of 0.5 ppm averaged over an 5-hour work day. (2) "Assistant Secretary" means the Arsistant Secretary of Labor for OccupatioRfti Snfty and Health. JJM. Oepirt* meat of L*abor or his designee* (3) "Authorized person'* means fcny person specifically authorized by the em ployer whose duties require him to enter a regulated area or any person entering such an area as a designated representa tive of employees for the purpose of ex ercising an opportunity to observe moni toring and measuring procedures; <4 > "Director" means tha Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.3. Department at Health, Education, at Welfare, or Ids designee. (5) "Emergency* any occur- rencc such as, but ill to, cquip- ment failure, or oi a relief de- vice which is likely dees. result In massive release of vinyl loride. (S) "Fabricated product" means a product made wholly or partly from polyvinyl chloride, and which docs not require rurthgrprpccsjing at_tcmpsraturcs, and fir times, sufllnlent to cruse mass melting of the polyvinyl chloride resulting in the release of vinyl chloride. (7) "Hazardous operation" means any operation, procedure, or activity where a ride at concentrations greater than 1 ppm averaged over any 8-hour period, and <3) No employee may be exposed to vinyl rhloridr at concentrations greater than 5 ppm averaged over any period not exceeding 15 minutes. (3) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride by direct contact with liquid vinyl chloride. <d) Monitoring. (1) A program of initial monitoring and measurement shall be undertaken In each establish ment to determine if there is any em ployee exposed, without regard to the use/ of respirators, in excess of the action level. (3) Where a determination conducted under paragraph (dXl) of this section shows any employee exposures, without regard to the use of respirators. In ex cess of the action level, a program for de termining exposures far cseh such em ployee shall be established. Such a pro gram: <11 Shall be repeated at least' monthly where any employee is exposed, without regard to the use of respirators, in ex cess at the permissible exposure limit. (11) Shall be repeated not less than quarterly where any employee Ja exposed without regard to the use of respirators* in excess of the action leveL (Hi) May be discontinued for eny em ployee only when at least two consecu tive monitoring determinations, made not less than 5 working days apart, show ex-posures for that employee at or below the action level. (3) Whenever there haa been a pro duction, process or control change which may result in an increase in the release of vinyl chloride, or the employer has any other reason to suspect that any em ployee may be exposed in excess of the action level, a determination of employee exposure under paragraph fd) (1) of this section shall be performed. (4) The method of monitoring and measurement shall have an ' accuracy (with a confidence level of 95 percent) of not less than plus or minus SO percent from 0.29 through 0.5 ppm, plus or minus 35 percent from over. 0..5 ppm through 1.0 ppm, and plus or minus 25 percent over 1.0 ppra. (Methods meeting these accuracy requirements are available In the "NIOSK Manual of Analytical trolled to at or below the pcrmix.ibic ex-j posure limit rrovlded in paragraph (e>1 of this section by engineering, work prae-J Uee. and personal protective controls as! follow;; . .) ti) Feasible engineering and work! practice controls rhall immediately bqj used to reduce exposures to at or below I the permissible exposure Emit. (2) Wherever feasible engineering and) work practice controls which can be in-i stltutcd immediately are not sufficient to 1 reduce exposures to at or belotr the per-! missible exposure limit, they shall none- - theiess be used to reduce exposures to] the lowest practicable level, and shnli bi supplemented b respiratory protection! in accordance with paragraph <g) of this! section. A program shslf, be established) and implemented to reduce exposures toj at or below the permissible exposure) limit, or to the greatest extent feasible.) solely by means of engineering and work) practice controls, as soon as feasible. ,, i (3) Written plans for such a program) shall be developed and furnished upon) request for examination and copying toi authorized representatives of the Assis-j tant Secretary and the Director. Such] month*. <plan* shall be updated, at least e\ cry six! "(g) Respiratory protection. Where) respiratory protection is requited wider) 'this section: (I) The employer shall provide a respirator which meets the requirements of this paragraph and shall assure (hat the employee uses such respirator, except that until April 1. 1975. wearing of respirators shall be at the discretion of each employee for exposures not In excess of 35 ppm. measured over any 15-minute period. Until April 1, 1975, each employee who chooses not (a wrar an ap propriate reipirxtor shall be informed at least Quarterly of the hazards oi vinyl chloride and the purpose, proper use, and limitations oi. respiratory devices. ' [Section 1910.93q(g)(l) amended at 40 FR I 13211. March 25, 3975; Section 19l0.93q wasi redesignated 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072. May > 21. 1975] (21 Respirators shall be selected fromj among those Jointly approved by the1 Mining Enforcement and Safety Admin- Istration, Department of the Interior,; and the National Institute for Occupa-t tlonal Safety and Health under the pro-i release of either vinyl chloride liquid or Methods"). visions of 30 CFR Part 11. gas might be expected ax a consequence of the operation or because of an accident in (9) Employees or their designated rep the operation, which would result in an resentatives shall be afforded reasonable employee exposure in excess of the permissi opportunity to observe the monitor ble exposure limit ing and measuring required by this [Section l9I0.93q(t>K7l amended at 39 FR paragraph. (3) A respiratory protection program! meeting the requirements of $ 1910.134' shall be established and maintained. (4) Selection of respirators for vinyl! chloride shall be as follows: [See. 1910.1017(g)(4ll 6-19-80 Publish.d by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL. AFFAIRS. INC.. WASHINGTON. D.C. 20037 79 AP00026494 ^VA.tW'^oa tMniiSd ' U) A statement of each employee's _ CANdxs-Suspxsr acxmt ' <i> The address and.location Of ct suitability lor continued exposure to applied near the label or placard. establishment which has onf or more vinyl chloride including use of protec [Section 1910.93q (ll(S)fii 1 amended al 39 FR regulated areas: and tive cauipment tad respirators, shall be 41848. December 3. 1974 and redesignated ai (it) The number of employees in each obtained from the examining- physician 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072. May 28. 2973] regulated area during normal operations, promptly alter any examination. A copy (fl) No statement shall appear on or including maintenance. of the physician's statemSSifihail be pro vided each employee. . (51 K any employee's health would be materially Impaired by continued ex posure, such employee shell be with draws iron possible contact with vinyl chloride. . (6) Laboratory analyses for all bio logical specimens Included In medical examinations shall be performed in labo ratories licensed under 42 CFR. Part 74. <7) If the examining physician deter mines that alternative medical examina tions to those required by paragraph (kill) of this section will provide at least equal assurance of detecting med ical conditions pertinent to the exposure to vinyl chloride. Use employer may ac cept such alternative examinations as near any required sics, label or instruc tion which contradicts or detracts from the effect of. any required wanting, information or instruction. (ml Records, a) All records main tained in accordance with this section shall include the name and social secu rity number of each employee where relevant. <2J Emergencies, and the facts ob tainable at that time, shall be reported within 24 hour* to the OSHA Area Di- j rector. Upon request of the Area DJrec- I tor. the employer shall submit additional, j information In writing relevant to the' nature ana extent of employee exposures I and measures taken to prevent future I emergencies of similar nature. (3) Within 10 working days following (2) Rerords of required monitoring any monitoring and measuring which and measuring and medical record( shall discloses that any employee has been be provided upon request to employees, exposed, without regard to the use of ` designated representatives, and the respirators in excess of the permissible ! Assistant Seeretarv in accordance with exposure limit, each such employee shall. 29 CFR I9)0.20(a).(e) and (p)-(i). These records shall he provided upon request to the Director. Authorised personnel rosters shall also be provided upon request to ihe be notified in writing of the results of tlie exposure measurement and the steps 1 being taken to reduce the exposure to ; Assistant Secretary and the Director. within the permissible exposure limit. meeting the requirements of paragraph (Ic) tl) of this section, if the employer obtains a statement from the examining physician setting forth the alternative examinations and the rationale for sub [Section 19!0.1017(m)(2) amended at 43 FR 33212. May 23, 1980. effective August 21, 1980| (I) Monitoring and measuring records shall: [Section I910.93q (n)(3) amended at 39 FR ! 41848. December 3. 1974; Section 1910.93q ! was redesignated 1910,1017 at 40 FR 23072. ! May 28. 1973J stitution. This statement shall be avail able upon request for examination and copying to authorised representatives of the Assistant Secretary and the Director. (1) Signs and labels. (1) Entrances to regulated areas shall be posted with leg ible signs bearing thelegend: (Al State the date of such monitor ing and measuring and the concentra tions determined and identify the Instru ments and methods used: (B) Include any additional informa tion necessary to determine Individual employe* exposures where such expo (o) Effective dates. (II Until April t, : 1973, tb provisions currently set forth In Sec tion !910.93q of this Part shall apply. 1 (Editor's note: This paragraph refers lo Ihe emergency temporary standard published at i 39 FR 1234JJ CA2*m*scme|f Acext Aru AVTMORSO FaiSsVHIL OffLX I Section 1910.S3q (DU) amended at 39 FR 41148, December 3. 1974 and redesignated as 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072. May 29. 1973] (2) Areas containing hazardous oper ations or where an emergency currently exists shall be posted with legible signs sures are determined by means other than individual monitoring of employees; and (2) Effective April 1. 1978. the provisions , set forth In Section I9l0.93q of this Part shall ! apply. IC) Be maintained for not leas than 30 years. (it) [Revoked] (Section l!10.93q (a)(1) end (2) amended at [ 40 FR 13211. March 23. 1973; Section -t 1910.93q was redesignated 1510.101 fa: 40 FR (Section 1910.1017 (m)(2)(ii) revoked at 43 23072. May 23. 197S1 . bearing the legend: *- CA.-aa.Sunc: Acm in Tags Am PaonmnT EevsrscxxT Rtomxxn AC7X0XIXS PjOISOHKn. Onlt (Section I910.93q (11(2) amended at 39 FR 41348. December 3, 1974 and redesignated as 1510.1027 al 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1575] FR 49724, October 24, 1971, effective November 24. 1978) IxroaAiAnaM Wets required tt* under ptrcgrvplt | <Ui) Medical records shall be main tained for the duration of the employ ment of each employee plus 20 years, or 30 years, whichever is longer. th) tl) ol this section show cbno.-r-.*; lt.es. ( the teat* should be repeated as won as prae- i tlcable, preferably within 3 to 4 weeks If tests remain abnormal, consideration should he Given to withdrawal of the employee rrera (3) In ihe event that the employer contact- with vinyl chloride, while a mere (3) Containers of polyvinyl chloride ceases to do business and there is no suc comprehensive examination la made. *esin waste from reactors or other waste contaminated with vinyl chloride i.Tail be legiblylabeled: CWTAXISA cessor to receive and retain his records for the prescribed period, these records shall be transmitted by registered mail 10 (lie Director and each employee individual Additional test* whleh may he useful: "A. For kidney dyifun.-tlon: urine examina tion for albumin, red blood cells, and ex/ollativy abnormal cell*. B. Fulsonary'sy'tem: Forced vital capac VlXTfc CM CA_4csa-3cartal9ElMHBre [Section 1910.93q (IHSnMthderf at 39 FR 418(8, December 3, ISTfmif redesignated as ly notified in writing of this transfer. The ity, Forced expiratory volume at ! second, employer shall also comply with any additional requirements set forth in 29 CFR 1910.20(h). and chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior. 14 X IT Inches) . ' C. Additional serum test*: Lactic acid de hydrogenase. lactic scld dehycroger.asai 1910.1017 al 40 FR 23072. May 28, 1973J [Section I9IO.IOI7(m)(3) amended at 45 Isoenzyme, protein determination, end (4) Containers of polyvinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled; PSLTVINTI. CHlOatOC (os T-A3C NaMC) Contains vu*n Cmlordb Vjjcrfc Cjuorjdc JS a Ca^ctr-Sos^itot Accxr FR 35212, May 23. 19S0, effective August 21. 1980] [Section 1910.1017(m)(4) through (m)(6) revoked ai 45 FR 35212. May 23. 1930, effective August 21. 19S0J nroteln electrophoresis. O. Tor s more comprehensive a,oin*t:oid on repeated abnormal serum tests: Hepatitis S antigen, and liver scanning. (Sees. 4 and 8. 14 Stst. 1394. 1359 (29 U S C. 055. 037); Secretary of Labor's Order Me. ti-71. as rjt 8734) (5) Containers of vinyl chlorideVnall be legibly labeled either: Van. Cxdme ImrvBT Flammails Oas tJsBBa Paussi'ax GtMcxa-Sosrxcr Asm tn) Reports. (1) Not later than l month after the establishment of a reg ulated area, the following information shall be reported to the OSHA' Aren Di rector. Any changes to such information shall be reported within IS days. [Section 1910.93q added at 39 FR 12343. April 5, 1974. as emergency temporary sland-ard: issued as permanent standard at 39 FR 33898. October 4. 1974: Section 1910 93q was redesignated 1910.1017 at 40 FR 23072) May 28. 1973) or (11) In accordance with 49 CFR Parts 170-189. with (he additional legend: (The neat page i* 31: *331] [See. 1910.1017 (Appendix At) 6-19-80 Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC., WASHINGTON. D.C. 30037 81 AP00026495