Document oxpQX73L1ng18wyDBKXvNn1R

'1 O'I-IPl' o [I r V t< ? i - ^rr- > H '`*4* ti- & jS& Wi*>' Wfc( to Dr. A. E. Ardis -4> FRONM^Virginig Pitts. > at Assonet AT New Haven surjsct pqlyvjnyl CHLORIDE - Current Awareness ) NHTIS 71-30 Supplement II Projecf^8625-001 iX^^y ~ (&fUp^.dLdk c^- ? " i:,/ KEY PtiiwHEu, Nl\ MVl* , / 4- -t 7-- DATEsQune 15, ]97T) corv to Goodman M. Lapkin (2) J. H. Ludes C. W. MacMullen R. E. Maizell M. A. Raymond \D. Ryker T. R. C. (4) OH /% ?C Attached Is our most recent collection of patents and articles on polyvinyl chloride. We have also included a few references on Toxicology problems in the vinyl chloride area. As in the past, we will obtain copies of abstracted articles or full copies of those in which only the first page has been included as you request them. Sources: British Plastics - March 1971 Flooring - April, May 1971 F&S Index of Corporations and Industries - March 2-May 4, 1971 Modern Plastics - April - May 1971 Plastics and Rubber Weekly - March - April 1971 Plastics Technology - April 1971 Plastics World - Aprll-May 1971 SPE Journal - April-May 1971 OLI 7615 WHY FILE THIS COPY! IF YOU MUST r?t`TAIN IT. PEClFV A DEFINITE RETENTION r^lCD, ONE YEAR,,. OTH1 A_____ ATTACHMENTS 1. F&S Index of Corporations and Industries May 4, 1971 April 6, 1971 March 2, 1971 2. Trends in End-Use Markets for Plastics May 1971 April 1971 March 1971 3. Chemical Abstracts References C.A. 74 74463 C.A. 7476768 C.A. 74 76789 C.A. 74 76813 C.A. 74 77023 C.A. 74 79213 C.A. 74 80947 4. Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter May 31,1971 May 24, 1971 May 17, 1971 May 10, 1971 4. Flooring May 1971 April 1971 5. Plastics Technology April 1971 6. European Chemical News April 2, 1971 7. Plastics World May 1971 8. British Plasti cs March 1971 9. SPE Journal May 1971 April 1971 OLI 7616 10. Modern Plastics May 1971 April 1971 Page 1 3 7 8 11 12 13 14 16. 20. 20 21 22. 24. 29 33 34. 37, Plastics & Rubber Weekly April 2, 1971 March 26, 1971 March 12, 1971 January 29, 1971 NBS Voluntary Product Standard 40 42 43 44 45 OLI 7617 Chemical Abstracts References II ABSTRACT NO. 074463 CA VOL. 74, NO. 15 SECTION 14 PROFILE C1L090141B POPQW, JERZY* (AKAD. MED., BIALYSTOK, POL). EFFECT. OF., POLY (VINYL CHLORIDE) (PVC) DUST ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF THE RAT. RG'CZ. AKAD. MED. B IAL YMSTOKU ( SUPP L. 24), 5-48, 1969. (AST.M CODEN: RJMBA). ORIG. LANG.: POL. INDEX TERMS: $CA014CCO$ TOXICITY PVC SEARCH TERMS PRESENT: TOXIC VINYL CHLORIDE WEIGHT FOR TH I S' CI TAT ION: 1 OLl 7618 V Flooring April 1971 Union Carbide Develops Vinyl Carps! Backing Union Carbide Corp. has an nounced development of the ULOK vinyl carpst-br.ckinq system, which --it is claimed--enables manufac turers to substantially reduce the cost of vinyl backing for carpet. The ULOK system involves a se ries of component chemicals and procedures for compounding them and applying them to carpet. Union Carbide says the reduced cost possible through the new sys tem makes vinyl backing competi tive with high density foam backing. Pound for pound, foamed vinyl backings are far stronger than rub ber foams, Union Carbide claims. Even at low densities, backings foamed with the ULOK system ex hibit excellent resistance to scuffing, shredding or tearing in heavy or wheeled traffic installations, the company reports. Union Carbide is providing tech nical assistance to carpet mills in adapting conventional latex equip ment to tire vinyl system. This adap tation can be readily achieved, the company says. 20 Plastics Technology April 1971 Comments on Disposal of PVC Scrap ...\Ve recognize that the burning'of'plastics, or any material for that matter, in a small plant incinerator is a problem. The addition of limestone will reduce"the amount of HC1, that will be evolved. However, it will however make burning more difficult and will in crease the weight of the ash to be hauled to tiie landfill. . . Currently...the most satisfactory technique is that of a properly supervised landfill operation. In cineration of plastic materials as part of municipal refuse is also satisfactory and perhaps a question and answer technique on this subject (below) would be a way of letting you know how we view this. What is the current level of PVC in municipal refuse? A survey made by the Battelle Memorial Institute in I960 showed that the total amount of plastic disposed of in municipal refuse was 3-Vs billion pounds or about 1.5% of the total amount of refuse generated. The current level (1970) of plastic materials in municipal refuse is estimated to be 2%. This level is expected to reach 3% by 1976. About one-third of the total plastics in municipal refuse is PVC. Does this level of plastics in municipal refuse cause any problems? This same survey by Battelle showed very few references to problems created by plastics in municipal waste. It was felt that because plastics make up such a small portion of municipal wastes, their effects on disposal systems could not be measured. What are the combustion products from ,HC1 ? An extensive study of the combustion products from PVC was completed in 1909. This study was made at the School of Public Health at the University of Michigan under a Public Health Service Research Grant (HEW). In general, this research showed that IIC1, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were the major combustion products. Under conditions of incomplete combustion, small amounts of hydrocarbons are also produced. In this same study, it was also shown that phosgene and chlorine are not present in the com bustion study from PVC. How muchdoes PVC in municipal refuse contribute to our total air pollution problem? The current level of PVC in municipal refuse is not sufficient to create any air pollution problems. A study was made of this problem by the Royal Academy of Engineering Science in Sweden. It was their conclusion that the amount of pollution due to the burning of PVC was only 0.05% of the total air pollution problem in 1968. We are, nevertheless, much concerned about this small amount and are currently directing our research efforts toward the elimination of all air pollution that might occur from burning PVC. OLI 7619 1). L. Kent Technical Sales Mgr. B, F. Goodrich Chemical Co. Cleveland, Ohio PLASTICS Tl 'BBElt WEEKLY: January 29, 1971 . J > i.. .J L*_J k . - --.J V. t. J i--- i ,,.-J L~. AR;_ plastics a fire hazard? How cart the hazards be assessed? How can they be ameliorated? A good basis to start from is an article by Dr Helmut Birkner and Dr Klaus Dicbcl, in German, in the bouse journal of Chemische Werke Utils, called Der Liehtbogen. Tiio article begins from Lie viewpoint of plasms m building coast ruction, notes llie confusion--as in Britain -- m terminology arising Irom the lack of definition, and goes on to the German standard classification ni budding materials, in DIN HOH, which groups the com bustibles into three groups: difficult to burn, easy to born, and something be tween the two. 'the DIN test is described and it is noted that various materials fail into various groups. Far some building purposes, only the highest ".roup is permitted, 'difficult to burn wi bin the meaning of din no::1. Bather than translate the ,i nhiguous German into equal!/ ambiguous English, it : hoiter to begin at the. tiepin ning. All organic compounds hav ing carbon: carbon or car bon: hydrogen bonds arc i imln.sljbie; it is inherent in the molecule and dirters mainly in temperature. Thai may not be saying miu-h that is helpful when consider how com- austiblc even metals can be. iiut it does mean that there cm be no actual iucombus-' r.'bihty of organic polymers, '.`luilever trommem you give What is useful to remem ber about polymers is (hat (here is a wide range of combustibility, of ignition temperatures. of continuity of burning, of degree of self- by CHARLES JENNINGS ext ingimhinj;. Also, remem ber llial it lakes two to make a (ire: the substance that burns and the atmosphere it burns in. from these considerations has been devised a test, called the oxygen Index of in (Ian i inability, OH, which has proved to be one of the most precise and re- pindncible of the several in dices of (lainmabihly or com bustibility yet developed for polymeric materials. Essentially, the index is the percentage concentration of oxygen, in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, which will just sustain equilibrium burning of the material un der test. v In an article in Dor Liohlbogen, the authors call it the J' oxygen index andi quote figures like:-- plfc ............................. O.fla live .............................. 0.-15 pc .................................. 0.20 pp ............................. 0.17 pc .................................. 0.17 it will be noticed that the earth's atmosphere -- with which wc are almost always concerned in cases of fire -- has a J figure of 0.21, so that pc will not just burn m air under ordinary con ditions, but pp and pc will. Those .1 figures are for the lincompoundcd polymers but they can be substantially raised by adding suitable `fireproofing' agenls. Birkner and Dicbcl discuss sorb agents, dividing them Inlo three classes: iTIlor ad ditives, reactive ingredients, and after-treatments. The reactive ingredients arc. broadly, (be most potent and the most popular, giving an in-built protection. When the three types arc looked at from Hie point of view of the essential require ments of a good fireproofing agent (reduction of burning, no deleterious effects on pro cessing or working, no degra dation of physical properties, and non - toxicity,) com promises arc often neces sary. Flame proofing agents, like halogen--, phosphorous--, and antimony containing compounds are considered in some detail by the authors who present an interesting table of the flame proofing substances referred to in recent patent specifications. Throe typos They are classified inlo three types: (I) organic ad ditives like chlorinated paraf fins, bromine compounds, and halogen phosphates, (2) in organics like antimony Irioxide, zinc and barium borates, (3) synergists like peroxides and hydrazine. Of course, proportions are crucial and the form of the polymer -- film, foam and block -- is important. An important part of the paper is devoted to test methods. Differcotia] thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TGA) give the most fundamental insight into what goes on during burning, but the more simplified and practical tests, generally imitative of Die special conditions of each situation, differ so widely m the conditions of testing and assessment of results that Iliils have' been forced to design their own test for (heir development work Even when the problems of measuring and improving the burning characteristics of plastics are fined down to the small area of a single material, polyurethane, and a singie form of that material, flexible foam, they seem to lie only a liltle easier to solve. That is the general mes sage of the paper by It. M. Pruitt in Journal of Cellular Elastics, Novetnbcr/Dccembcr 1970, pp. 2l>2-fi, on the selfexlmguishing characteristics of flexible urethane foam. in opening his paper, Ihe author thrashed about, over the same ground of am biguity and lack of definition, as worried the German authors, pointing out that 'of some fifty tests for ficxible foams, none con sistently correlate with foam in service conditions'. Pruitt also classifies fiameresistance treatments inlo three kinds: (1) in tumescent, .shielding materials, (2) dilut ing tillers, (3) chemical inter ference with the burning. The last has been the traditional approach, generally involving halogenand/or phosphorus-containing compounds. But Pruitt makes two valuable points not men tioned by the Germans. These are that bromine is more cfiicieni than chlorine ' and that both have a syner gistic effect with phosphorus. A large part of Uie paper is, in fact, devoted to examin ing the relationships between these three elements. Physical effects on the rale of burning must not be over looked. They arc very ob vious in urethane foam when comparing the results of using different types of iso cyanate, such us TDI and MDI. Each of these, used alone, produces foams which are not self-extinguishing, yet. used together, Ihe produce a foam which is selfextinguishing. The cause seems to be tbal the mixture produces a foam which, on ignition, melts and. Hows away but then chars and so insulates the foam from the heal of the fiame. This elTert leads on to the idea--an old one--of using incombustible, inorganic sub stances, incorporated by soaking the finished foam in a suitable solution or dis persion, followed by drying out. Pruitt recommends KgNIl.POi and the similar calcium salt, both of which are cheap and effective although expensive to in corporate. Pruitt concludes with an examination of how far practical burning lest -- small, uncovered cushion the foam, ignited by a sin of burning newspaper -- ci relates wilh Ihe Simula la bora liny test, A ST,Vi Did'. (ainvkttion w,,s indeed punr that Pruitt pointed remarks: `we musL ask m solves if we want to r< tinue playing the lest-passi game.' This final judgment m not be entirely aeceplal because the 'service test' self is not above suspicir being not really represeni live of what actually happe to an upholstered seat wh there is a fire in a room a vehicle. -vl O) M O