Document omgk1QZv8841Zdo75yojpnLM3
FILE NAME: Z//E
DATE: DOC#: /E
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UST OF MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE ''1'0 STUDY HEALTH HAZARDS IN ASBESTOS INDUSTRY''
I. i\1 r. D.K. Bisw;is Director, Department of Environment, Govcrnmcnt of India, 1!1~aner 1lou~e. Shah Jahan Ro:1d, Nl'w Delhi-I 10 01 I
Dr. V.P. Gupta Director (Research), Central Labour Institute, Eastern Express Highway, Sion, Ilombay-400 022.
.1. Dr. B.B. Chatterjee Director, National Institute of Occupational Health, Maghani Nagar, Ahmedabad-380 016.
4. Dr. G.K. Pandey Principal Scientific Olficcr, Department of Environment, Government of India, Bikancr House, Shah Jahan Road, New Delhi- I I0 011.
5. Dr. G.G. Davay
E'< Medical Jmpccior of 1':1~111rio,
Govcrnmi:nt of Mahara~htra, 7,'72, Varma Nagar, Old N;1gardas Road, :\ndhcri (Ea~tl. Bnmba~-400 Ofi9.
Chairmau
Member
Member Member
Member
C1. Mr. G.S. li.:hhpurani DDG of Mines Safety. Southern Zone, I lydcrabad
7. Dr. S.K. Dave Asst. Director, National Institute of Occupational Health, Maghani Nagar, Ahmcdabad-380016.
o. Mr. B.K. Sharan
Director, Mines Safety,
Oim:toralc General of Mines Safety,
Dhanbad.
Member
Member
Member
SUl\lMAIW OF OBSERVATIONS AND HECOMMENDATIONS
Ob~l'rrntions
~ 1. Main observations arc :
I. I
Uncontrolled asbestos workers. Such exposur
usage
has
been
the
cause
of
heavy
and prolonged
exposures to
thelioma.
(P<ini
9
of
es to asbestos dust may result Report by Study Team 'A').
in
asbestosis,
lung
cancer
and
meso-
1.2 Tvhaleesnecediosefadseisseahsaeveatlo~nrngy latent periods, making it difficult to relate exposure to the pre-
given time. (Para 10 of Report by Study Team 'A').
1.3
There are increases
some reported in risk. A r
cases
of
low
exposures
in
the
past
that
resulted
in
no
appreciable
of
exposures
(SO
eport on the evaluation of risk fibre years) is estimated to have
to
miners
in
Canada
on
current levels
Report by Study Team 'A').' use of asbestos m
Such information enahbaleds ntohisunCaocmcempittatbelee troiskrse.com(Para 11
of
such places where it can be used under controlled and regulated
mend the conditions
so that workers.
the
benefits
of this
material
continue
to
be
exploited
without
any
undue
risks
to
the
\ 1.4 Tinhoerglaatneisct sficbireonutisfimc tahteinrikailns.g fa(Pvoaruars1t3heofcRonetproorlltebdyuSsetuodyf Tneoatmon'Aly').asbestos but also other Recommendations 2. General Environment
2.1
Various studies reveal that asbestos in any detectable increa
general
environment
has
not
been
found
to
caus
'A').
se in risk to the people at large. It is, however, prudent to control all asbes
(Para
21
of
Report
by
Study
e Team
national practices.
(Para
21
of
Report
by
tos realeases Study Team 'A')
into
environment
as
per
inter-
2.2
At this point of tune, studies on ingestion been atten,kd with negative
of
asbestos
fibres
through
drinking
water hav
results. (Para 22 of Report by Study Team 'A').
e
2.:3
State librc
Pollution Control Doan.ls should dust in the general enviro
make
emission
standards
for
the
control
of
asbestos
3. Legislative Regulations.
nment. (Para 16.10 of Report by Study Team 'B').
3.1 Factory Acts & Uulcs.
. 3.1.l Framing of rules according
concerned States is an
to
the
~
Schedule
XIV
and
Model
Rule 123A
by the
urgent requ,irement. (Para 16.2 of Re pore by Study Team B').
3.1.2 All operations and plac.es purview of the Facto
where
asbestos
fibre
is.used should be brought
under
the
usage
ries Act and Rules, irrespective of electric power. (Para 16.8 of Report by
of the size of the workforce
or
3.1.3
Every process and
equipment
related
Study Team 'B'). to the milling
asbestos fibre should be process/equipm
studied
for
its
potential
of asbestos ore and processing of to create air-borne dust. 1n case a
ent
releases dust
that cannot
be
ny controlled to the desired limit by
engineering control methods, such of Report by Study T~am 'B').
process/equipment
should be prohibited.
(Para 16.5
3.1.4 aCt utirlreenptrepsreenstcrtiibmeed. lMevceml of 2f/cc as specified
in Model Rule 123A is considered adequate
mcnt of the air-borne asbebsrtnonsefiFbirletedruTste.c(hPnaiqraue16(M.l FoTf )RsehpoourltdbybeSutuseddy Tfoer~mth'eB'm).easure
f
\
I !
i i !
'
6
3.1.5 Mensurement of fibre dust levels is a complex subject and c.fforn should be made to obtain uniformity within industry and regulatory agencies (Para 16.3 of Report by
Study Team 'B').
3.1.6 Personal protective equipment should not be considered a permanent solution in place
of preventive engineering control measures. At best, this should be a contingency
5.J
measure. (Para 16.4 of Report by Study Team 'B' J.
3.1.7 Equipment used in the processing of asbestos should carry a certificate from the manufucturer that during normal usage as recommended, the equipment will not release fibre dust that will result in any workman being exposed to dust levels higher than the prescribed limit. (Para 16.6 of Report by Study Team 'B').
3.2 Mines Act; Regulations & Rules~~~
5.4
6. \kd (,.I
3.2) The regulations and rules made under the Mines Act 1952 need to be modified to bring
them upto the International Standards for the control of asbestos fibre dust during min in;;,
6.2
handling and milling of the ore.
3.2.2 Where applicable, the rules under the Mines Act should be modified so as to include the:
6.~
relevant provisions of Schedule XIV and Model Rule 123A m~de under the factories
Act so far as they relate to asbestos fibre dust control.
3.2.3 Asbestosis; lung cancer~and rnesothelioma when they are caused by asbestos should be
notified as occupational diseases under the Mines Act.
3.2.4 Specialised trained manpower and equipment arc to be provided to effectively monitor the
environmental exposures in mines and medical surveillance system of the mine workers.
- - 3.3 Ucencing.
(Para 16.9 of Report hy Study Team 'B').
For licencing/registration of new units, specific requirements of dust control to he met by them
should be listed out by the competent authority. Licence ~hould he issued by the competent
authority only after satisfying it~clf that such requirements have already heen included 1n
the project. (Paru 16.8 of Report by Study Team 'Ir).
6.4
I
\,
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I
7. (_'on,\' 7.1 h
/i
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7.2 ~
-&. Small Scale Industry.
Management and control of asbestos dust in the small scale sector of the industry need tu be tackled on priority basis. Major recommendations in this regard are :
f.!!22.'!..cial : Subsidy should be given for the purchase of equipment needed for the control of
dust, personal sampling etc. Capital assets under this category should not be counted for tlie capital investment clause which deti.:rmines classification for small scale sector. D1Ri11eeri11g : A technical cell in D.l.C. or other concerned agency should be directed to pool the technology for the suprression/control of asbestos dust and to heir the Small Scak Industry to select and install appropriat..: equipment.
Measurement am/ ffea1th Contr1J/ : The Small Scale lndu~try should b.; encouraged to pnol their resources llnd establish a centralised dust counting centre, as also a health survc:dlance centre under the sujicfvision of a competent qualified person.
\i'
I;~ )~1
I:l'~~
7 U;1
I
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!,
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7 . (
Cd11catio11 : Employees in this industry ~hould be made aware of the need for strict imple.
mentation of the asbestos regulations and the health hazards that might arne due to occupa-
tional exposure to asbesto~. tPa1a 16.7 of Report by Study Tc.:am '13').
M ;-.;,
. l'.'.
5. Compliuncc of Regulation~.
or 5.1 Packinl! raw asbestos fibre should he. in impermeable bags and should be handi-'d :1., unitiscd load~ as far as it is practicable. ISi may be requested to bring out the Cod.: or Practice for packing, hnndling, trnmpnrtation and use or asbestos libre. (Para 16 11 of
Report hy Study Team 'B').
7
5.~ Flkctivc steps to implement the Rules must be taken by providing all facilities to the stati: n:gulatory agencies. These include dust monitoring equipment and specialised trained mnn power in order to produce accurate and reproducible results.' (Para 16.3 of Report by Study
1!irc:
Team in.
5.3 The industry should paiodically monitor d1,1st levels to ensure the effectiveness or the engineering controls. (Para 9.2 of Report by Study Team 'B').
SA Go\ernmcnt should be liberal in allowing the import of equipment required for the use in
du~t m~rn1toring & medical surveillance. (Para 16.13 of Report by Study Team '13').
the' f
6.
Medical Survcill:rncc.
6.1 All the workers likely to be exposed to asbestos fibres should be covered by n well defined nll:<lical surveillance plan with no cost to the employee. (Para 27.2 of Report by Study
rrng
IUbo
I !
Lh.: ~
tIic~ r:.
Team 'A'J. 6.2 Hcallh education of workers is an important object of medical surveillance programme.
(Para 28.1.2 of Report by Sti1dy Team 'A'). 6.3 Frequency of periodical medical examination should take into account agc, service of
employee and his exposure profile which includes his exposure level in relation to action
kvel. (Par:i 29.3 of Report by Study Tean:_i 'A').
bc'
6.4 Medical records along with periodic exposure profiles should be maintained for 40 years after
employment or 10 years nfter cessation of employment.~ (Para 32.2 or Report by Study
the
Team 'A').
4
\'Ill l
I'
Ill'.
Ill
of l
.,.1
..
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7. _Compensation. 7. I The employees covered under the ESI Act should also be eligible for compensation after cessation of ESI coverage, us is the case in. Workmen's. Compensation Act. (Para 16.12 of Report by Study Team 'B'). Employees not covered under the ESI Act should be covered under general insurance, at no cost to them. (Para 14.6 of Report by Study Team 'B'). 1:2 Clear criteria for the diagnosis of asbestos related diseases. should be specified and should be uniformly followed. (Para 14.2 of Report by Study '.Team 'B'). Criteria for diagnosis for asbestosis is included in this report for the purpose of determining eligibility for compensa. tion. (Pam 24. \.6 of Report bo Study Team 'A'). Criteria for confirming asbestos as ca us ntivc foct9r for lung cancer and mesothelioma is also include~ in .this. repot for the purpose of determining eligibility for compensation. (Paras 25.7 and 26.8 of Report by Study
Team 'A)'. 7.3 The Committee recognises the need to designate an agency that possesses specialised training,
expertise, competence and facilities to decide the cases entitled to compensation arising out of :is bcstos-relatc<l diseases. (Para 16.12 of Report by Study Team 'B'). 7.4 Regional medical panels should be constituted to act as referal bodies in case of asbeslosrdatcd diseases to determine eligibility for compensation. (Para 34 of Report by Study
Team '/\'). 7.5 Panel should have specialists, preferably with knowledge of asbestos-related diseases. (Para
34 of Rcpo1t by Study Team 'A') . M. National Standards/Codes of Practice.
ISi may bc requested to expedite formulation of:
Srnndard for the measurement of airborne fibrous dust. Codi: nf practice for thi: packing, handling transportation, and use ol' asbestos in the factory,
or mine and other placc~.
Code of practice for the use of asbestos containing products. (\idc practice for disposal of asbestos waste materials, including tailings.
(Para 16.14 of Report by Study Team 'B').
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l: B4O. -MN-B-o-An--YC--e-me-n-t-A-sb-e-s-to-s--P-r-o-d-u-c-ts--F-a-ct-o-r-y~-:-2-6-.3-.-8-5. renoon of 26.3.85. This company manufacture!.
{ .
T:th:e~kSetulidnyinTgse/acmlutvcihsifteadcinthgiss (Ffraiccttoiorny minatertihaels),foCAF jointings, asbestos textile products, mill board
(a) Friction Materials/CAF Jointinf!s Plant.
aterials and CAF Jointing wcrc
l
The
manufacturing
processes
observed
in
the case of Friction arc fed into the
M mixer,
along
with
other
chemicals
'.,
I I
wet
processes
where
once the asbestos fibres fibres get encapsulated
with
wet
binder
used-wet
r~sins for friction ixers in wet
and
the wet binders, the rials and rubber solution
for
jointing
materials.
The
mixings
come ng of
out the
of the m linings/sheets
arc in
mate conditon
and
all
further
processing
including
forming and mouldi are baked to get the
~nal
form,
shape
and
size .
wet form.
The
materials
are
then
cured
and arc
fed
were
observed.
In
the
case
of the
Brake
Lining
,
.The
mixing
operations where asbestos fibres asbestos fibre bag is cut
manually
and
charged
into a bottom opening the raw materials
Plant, the pre-packed in along with other raw
materials,
including
the
binder.
This bin ficient
is raised negative
and pressure.
In
the
case
b are charged into the
mixer
body which
is provided with suf into the hoppers of the
mixers
with negative
suction
at
of CAF Plant,
the
asbestos fibres are fed which ensures negligible
dust
emission.
In
~oth
cases,
the fibres dust level res/cc level.
the feeding end itself, orded in these operations
(as
per
management
records)
is
well
within
the
2
fib urpose
grinding
rec inings
and
facings
so
produced,
are
then
machined
to
dimensions ms
in special p are provided
to
remove
swurf
L
es where adequate dust collection syste In the case
of jointings,
the sheets
are
machinet s/drrroildliuncgedmainchtihne machining operations.
involves only cutting to size
anddus cured in the
calendee,riwngheprreocpeossssiabnilditythoefsrueblesaesqeueonftdufsint iisshinneggligible. TdhuesTt ecaomlleoctbisoenrvesydsttehmats
walilth ssucbissseoqrugeunitlloftiinnishing operations were provided with eleborate
TwhheerTeveaermitthisennecveisssiaterdy. the Asbestos Textile Plant of this Factory. ! f'
IlI (b) Asbestos Textile Plant.
fferent grade of fibre are received in pressure packed
1
:
1 In
the
manufacture
of
Asbestos Textiles, cut manually and
di fed
into
blending
hoppers
with negative suction at r11c zone of the '
I bags. gTehnedseitbsaeglfs warheich does not allow any fibrous dust to
come into the breathing stem and the blended tibres are
1 1
1
feedin operators.
The
blending
operation
is
done
in
a
totally closed sy trolled suction conditions
at
the
b.tgging
Sl<~g~.
' j
Ii in polythene bags manually under con
machines which arc all maint
d
re-bagged
The
blended
fibres
are
then
fed
into
the
hoppers of the carding ade up of overlapping
plastic
strips.
ALlcqu.it~
I'
ained
in
total
enclosure
of flexible curtains m various carding machines.
Theo
perators
re~uired
to
work
ms1de i-n
tl 1 :. .,.11
1! Ji
su.;;tion
is pforor vimdaedintoennathnece and/or other work on the machines
are required to wear Or sure is done with
the
I enclosures
respirators. The
cleaning
of any fibre
droppings
inside
the
enclo
help of centralised vacuum collection system.
arried out using a totally encloscJ stripp
It was also noted that the card strippvienlgocoiptyerastuiocntioins ucnit.
This arragement enables t11e card r:
1
Ii ing
attachment
connected to a high to be carried out
in
such
a
manner
where
dust
from
the main
cylinuc
'i l
stripping operation of the card are collected
into
a
bagging
unit
for
easy
disposal.
roller arJ angc
' carded sliver is then
spun on
spining frames
which are provided with wetting r0cessed is in reasonably
wet
stag
1 The
st emanation
is
contained. The frames
yarn so p at the time
of
doffing
yarn
arc
also
clcan;:d
mndenntostoptrhoantethtoe dreulease of dust. The spining
er, th~ processing like plaiting/r
i
I;
a any
spillages
with
the
centralised
vacuum
suction
system.
Furth
1 f
~
l'I
I i
41
"'c:.;iving arc carried out in wet condition. The finished product, viz, cloth and plaited packings are
dflun.Ji.lIl)'prdorcieedssbmefaocrheinpencwkoinrgk sintaptioolnysthveizn,e cwarrdaipnpers and water-proof packing paper. All the indivi-
"i1h
dust
collection
arrangements which
arc
g, weaving and/or plaiting have been provided r.onnected to the centralised dust collection
systems.
- (c) .\lcdlcal Suncillancc :
l he tompany maintains extensive records of health status of its employees over several years
wcluding prce1nploymcnt records. These records include pulmonary function tests. All the employees of the
clinical examinations, chest X-rays and
Company Medical Oflkcr.
company are periodically examined by the
~-.., tAdtonmcolal Surveillance :
01.nt ,level monitoring were also observed to be maintained by the Company at the various
_J!if<KUin& ilations. They w.uurcmcnt equipment.
were
also
found
to
be
well
equipped
in
the
areas
of
dust
monitoring
and
Tl!WbeleCtohemirpasntryeeptroavniddewsoerakcchlootfheitss seempaprlaotyeeleys. with the twin locker facility, spaced well, apart to ~~,~- Tntlle Plant : 26.3.85
TM TC'.-&m visilcd an Asbestos Textil~ Plant at Bombay in the afternoon of 26.3.85.
'_ '. : ,..:.; prc--packed asbestos bags are manually cut and fed into the Feed Hoppers of the blending
> ptq1 aod the blended fibres are conveyed pneumatically to the Card Hoppers. The exhaust JWovldcd at lhc hoppers appeared inadequate.
Ckacradinimg pmroavcehdinewsitahreprporpoevridoevderwlaitphs ptolaastviocidculretaakinageens.closures. The system of curtains could have
A pit underneath the carding machines is used to collect droppings from the cards which was having considerable droppings which are reported to be periodically cleaned. Such an operation should be performed with personal protective equipment.
Tbc Team also observed spinning and twisting operations where the yarn was being wetted before fOh:ring the spinning/doubling ftyer. The Company has installed centralised vacuum system to
~riodically clean the frames.
Some of the sections of the factory were not working. Other operations, such as, weaving, plaiting
cr1.c:. arc localed in another factory, which the Team could not visit.
.~
TM Te11m could
nol
sec any
medical
examination
facility
in
this
Company.
lbit i a 1mnll unit, with less than 150 workers.
lhe blending ~pcrntion is done in a totally enclosed system and the blended fibres are then fed
1n10 1hc hoppers of carding machine by pneumatic conveying system,
"
c~Alfll vacuum and dust extraction plant is installed on ~rngn h
a
German
dust
extraction
specialist
:win!( a system of pipe lines reaching all the working areas of the factory premises.
lh pie in 1he carding is equipped with devices to extract and transfer the dropping~ pnel~ma.ti
z ut;U<ynti1o0n 1dhuestc/feinbtrrealfrovmacuthuemmcailneacnyinligndeprlsanatn.d keTehpes dthuestfleoxotrr,acmtiaocnhi~nleasn,t cwleaallrss ceatrcd. sctlneapnpmogf
'lh.u. l1brc and droppings.
lu ftl.&nogemcnl mentioned that operntors are 'provided with Ori..nasal respirators.
tttriution :ire also provided wherever exigencies of work so demand.
Airline
~ M~ru arc proviJ~d with two sets of lockers away from workplace.
. '
., ..
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