Document omZ6mKnR3jXZNKdjzgvd0gNYr

American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1932 Table 4. Commercial Standard Fuel Oil Specifications A : Detailed Requirements for Domestic Fuel Oils Grade of Oil Approx. B.t.u. PER Gal. Flash Point, Min. Max. Water and Sediment. Maximum Pour Point. Maximum Distillation Test Viscosity Maximum No. I Light Domestic Fuel Oil A light distillate oil for use in burners requir ing a high grade fuel. 139.000 110F 165F or legal 0.05% I5F. 10% point. End point, maximum maximum 420F 600F No. 2 Medium Domestic . Fuel Oil . A medium distil late oil for use in burners re quiring a high grade fuel. 141.000 125F 190F or legal 0.05% ' 15F 10% point, 90% point, maximum maximum 440F 620F No. 3 . Heavy Domestic Fuel Oil A distillate fuel oil for use in burners where a low viscosity oil is required. 143.400 150F 200F or legal 0.1% 15F 10% point, 90% point, Saybolt maximum maximum Universal at 100F 460F * 675F 55 seconds Lower or higher poor points may be specified whenever required by conditions of storage and use. However, these specifications shall not require a pour point less than 0 deg. fahr. under any conditions. B. Detailed Requirements for Industrial Fuel Oils Grade of Oil Approx. B.t.u. per Gal. Flash Point, Min. Max. Water AND Sediment, Maximum Pour Point, Maximum No. 4. Light Industrial Fuel Oil An oil known to the trade as a light fuel 144.500 oil for use in burners where a low vis cosity industrial fuel oil is required. 150F. Sec Note b 1.0% See Note No. 5 Medium Industrial Fuel Oil Same as Federal Specifications Board Specification for Bunker Oil "B" for burners adapted to the use of indus trial fuel oil of medium viscosity. 146,000 No. 6 Heavy Industrial Fuel Oil 150F i.o% Water sediment Same as Federal Specifications Board 150,000 Specification for Bunker Oil "C" for burners adapted to oil of high viscosity. 150F 1.75% 0.25% Viscosity, Maximum . Saybolt Universal at 100F 125 seconds Saybolt Furol at J22F 100 seconds Saybolt Furol at 122F 300 seconds ^Whenever required, as for example in burners with automatic ignition, a maximum flash point may be specified. However, these specifications shall not require a flash point less than 250 deg. fahr. under any conditions. cPour point may be specified whenever required by conditions of storage, and use. However, these specifications shall not require a pour point less than 15 deg. fahr. under any conditions. 262 Chapter 16--Fuels monly of. 550-gal, 1000-gal and 1500-gal capacities, and the proper size is largely a matter of local conditions. Usually liquid fuel can be bought in 500-gal dumps or 1000-gal dumps at a saving of l/2^ to Iff over the price for deliveries of lots under 500 gal. The annual saving easily can be estimated and can be used to determine the desirability of the larger and more expensive tank. Another factor is the ease with which oil can be obtained. In and near the larger centers oil trucks are passing many homes daily, and there is not the necessity for maintaining a large reserve that exists where the home is in a rural district with the possibility of material delay due to distance from fuel station or road conditions. Copper tubing, varying in diameter from Yi in. to 1 in. is coming into use for connecting the burner and tank. The essential advantage is that a single length can be used, practically eliminating the possibility of air or oil leakage, the former perhaps, of more importance than the latter. Newly developed and extremely rugged compression fittings are used at the ends of the tubing. The cost of using this tubing is approximately the same as where iron pipe is used, the difference in material cost of the copper being neutralized by the reduced labor cost. Oil Burners For information on oil burners, refer to Chapter 18. GASEOUS FUELS Gas is a desirable fuel because of the ease with which it can be handled and controlled, but its use has been limited on account of its higher cost. Gaseous fuels are broadly divided into natural and manufactured. When gas is burned a large amount of water vapor is produced as one of the products of combustion. This ordinarily escapes up the chimney, carrying away with it a certain amount of heat. However, when the heat value of gas is determined in an ordinary calorimeter, this water vapor is condensed and the latent heat of vaporization that is given up during the condensation is reported as a portion of the heat value of the gas. The heat value so determined is termed the gross or higher heat value and this is what is ordinarily meant when the heat value of gas is specified. The heat that is reclaimed by the condensation of the water vapor amounts to about 10 per cent of the total heat value. It is impractical to utilize the entire higher heat value of the gas in any house-heating appliance, because to do so it would be necessary to cool the products of combustion down below their dew-point, which is ordinarily in the neighborhood of 130 F. Natural Gas is becoming increasingly available, and is also being used to enrich manufactured gas, with or without undergoing treatment to render it best suited for that purpose. Table 5 shows typical values for the three main fields, although that from any one field varies materially. Manufactured Gas. Table 5 also lists the more common manufactured gas as made by various processes. Manufactured gas as distributed is usually a combination of certain proportions of gases produced by two or more processes and is often designated as-city gas. Most states have legislation which controls the distribution and fixes a minimum limit to the heat content. This gross or high calorific value usually ranges between 263