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NMtl 'I IT 25.2h Mafaaaa3 Safety a* S3 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, Inc. ATLANTIC CITY, NEW JERSEY OCTOBER 5 to OCTOBER 9, 1936 Ambassador, Chelsea, Ritx-Carlton Hotels and Atlantic City Auditorium .1 ^ ---- 1 ^^4 ^ai ^^ ^ Ia 5v 2 31 3 S 2-S W J3 1 > w* 21 e v s e- " SJii =fl * '5 I * : 3 I2*5!5 * * * -I .s ? .5 v 3 2 3 id id U. f- 5 * - * id ^ S i|PiO a. 2 a S & V 2 1 5 | *2 '5 ^ s I I 5 -I a 3 i" i* i * - v I ii t u 3 - 3 > 1 *i i r .sv j*j i" is 3-^50 50 50 40* "40 4"0 52 e O .2 -- CO s 3 '2 .2 b 0 .5 O = i; -2 3 32-. CO - w " t2 r -3 s 3*3 a. a s 3 40 <0 ,, ^ .2 "55 a* a l' 5 * id? as w = 5: .?? 5 * - I s i s0 0 e S "a s 4U U < < 40 3 ; a5 < < o u u Cb 5 SUii Xxi &X X N A T IO N A L SAFETY COUNCIL, I n c . 1 *1 > Ha l 1 i > 5 3 o gj 2 '| 2 ? *" "i *** j5 --" J* 2 i ^5 5 i - >* r o-- s ^ ;= v b ' 7i b :5 2 <* S *. b _ i. ---Sbr ^ 5 ? o' = Oi M-H " /> _o_ -- a - 2 * 3 C-- c= o .5 L> *- -= - ^; 5 V 2 Ob'? T5 *= y. _ -- ** tt _ o 5L. V _ 5-5 X /r u.1 o - "* t2S* '/-, "n: o i o C > ' 2 !'1i:ss2,i<=-vv3b b=.z= 2iJu2.^2 3 ii: ~ " T3 V woc to OS ouuccu- az < to os UwJ 5 - =3 <^ --* --a -o _ 1 1 I**0 -Z 3* a a r* X ^ ; 5 " V3 w U " ^ 5Z 23 5V ~ a!/! yi .5 - s - 25 = ; -- s -3 < a .' - >. _v 5 a r; ^ a >. . s -- i %02 5o *. S I ^ X3 ^>> '--1V A>- > 1 2 VI ; . 2 2 ~ 1 ** i S - | > ^ ; -- Js ~ 'n - - - o S 4 = s' ' J1 -Si = u 2Z ! v! 5 * " KJ OS o H- -*.- wi r ^ UJ OS z< S'* *s* -^ iai o -ai J - O 4 2 1 2 z'^ - 3 5 < ^ =~ w _S1 * 5 - 2 - -* SJI ! j -'-s - 5. ~i 5w v" ji ~! M is3 - 3 ^ ^; * : i ; ? 3 - c<3 a i < * -< *--^ j5 ^ * Xr ' `i* 2 == * ; > * > X* K -I 7! "Zo SSi -- > t > < *5*5 S J2 u * H. * X 5< r- a * a S U j > < - . < - 3 aj J .y He; **! = 5 s -; ->2 * 5 ; i S* x ui a (J ow .w "* 3 aj o 2 <5 w <> <3 ail v) 3 = :/3 - v-- * :Z - s 2 -52 `X. ma-* *J- M M< % "=5 G * . * * *s:s .<*s < C -c (J - * i * ^ . C -i - "** r * < ^ i < < -!5 j 1 =. l! i s ^ ^a z* - 2 - = 7: *J 25. : W 3-3 ^. :-J ;* .w> J h. . u o< < - < </ os UJ w "0 w 3 _e ~e 0 u OT* cc o H" UJ ce Q Z < cn OS UJ u o OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Continued Hakky A. zc'I'.'.tz. 3:-:e< Sice: Corp. E.ml 3- Shmtztr. U:-ca 5aic:v Cjuncii Gts. Jo it x H. SnraacaxF. .Ms<acnu>cui Safety CjumcjI Dk L A. S'iouov, 3ctiilehcm Steel Co. Csnkst L. St'tovns. New Haven Safety Council Cars. L. Smith. Cleveland Saicty Counei C. W. Smith, Stannary OH O ln<( , owiv C. smith. Blacvittvic a!>' safer;. Cm:,,c:\V \L75ii Dr\? Smith. Delaware safety Council W. A. Sxow. Camtruction Section R. T. SotiNsrcv. Elliott Service Co. P. Earl Spitzra. Contra Costa County Saicty Council E. C. Spring, Lanstialc, Pa. GRORCt R. Stuphcns. Saicty Bureau. Buffalo Chamber of Commerce Arthur M/ Toor. Consulting Marine Engineer Karols M. Toombs. Refrigeration Section Geo. G. Thavk*. Chicago Safctv Council W. \V. Tsrxcit. ScheiTeetady Safetv Council W. D. TuattrvtttR. San Antonio Saicty Council Roornr R. W.u.laCR. Worcester Safety Council Dr. C. H. Watson. American Telephone & Telegraph Co. Harry M. Wriinr.R, Retired .. . .......... E. T. Wuitcr. Western Pennsylvania Safety Council -- '\S. E. WmrtNC. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. A. W WiiiTNf.Y. National Cureau of Casualty & Surety Underwriters T. A. Willson, Accident Prevention ftmipinent Manufacturers' Sec* tion T. A. Wilson. Textile Section '-\V. H. WtVAN'j. Union Carbide A Carbon Corporation E. W. Wiittt. Rochester Safety Council Harry Wisr. Sr.. Chattatwosa Safety Council }. M. Wot.w, Youngstown Sheet oc Tube Co. \V. W. Wooo, Steam Railroad Section - \V. E. Worth. International Harvester Co. E. J. Zauvt. Safety Bureau. Duluth Giamiicr ot Commerce Earl \V. Zimmerman. Safety Div. Syracuse Chamber of Commerce G. I- Z'vtcK. St. Joseph Safety Council 3 vnnon '.o statu'ctiy; Get itnu- ' >how you where causes it. ou can stimulate t. because beep man -.cnejtly be- od as somebody aw it. e -vesting ;s u- Occupational Discuses FRIDAY MORNING SESSION October 9, 1936 T'.-.e session was cailed. to order by t!:e ba:r*nan, Dr. Hart Z. richer, Vicc-Presiieru for Health, National Safety Council. and CIsief Surgeon. Chicago Rapid Transit Co., Chicago. wno presided, ivro'.jc.rg the speakers. The Lesser Known Facts About Common Occupational Diseases By OR. ROBERT B. HUNT ' Medical Advisor, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co.. Boston Probably the leader in the parade of industrial diseases is an acute or chronic inflammation of the skin which we call dermatitis. This disease may present it self in any type of shop, factory or foun dry. Any paste, powder, gas y liquid which comes in contact with the em ployee's skin, even the water supplied l>y the town in which he lives oe works, may be the potential cause of such a skin disturbance. The wide diversity of causes together with the varying susceptibility of differ ent individuals makes the problem of control difficult. Much investigation is under way to determine why one person may be sus ceptible to a certain substance while an other is not. It has been proved many times that a poisonous substance iormed within the body has been able to prolong the action started by some external influ ence. A printer developed a marked dermatitis from ink which persisted for two years. Finally food tests were made and showed that he was susceptible to lettuce, which, when removed from his diet cleared the skin. He returned to his usual occupation without a return of symptoms. The poisoning of allergic substances is usually an accumulative process. It takes time to produce a manifestation of dis ease. but let any other substance cause the disease, and (lie irritating food may be of sufficient strength to magnify its action. All cases of dermatitis cannot be cured by eliminating offending roods, hut fur ther investigation along these lines may give us a clue with which to lessen the loss of time from work and the discom fort now produced by industrial derma titis. Uud Metal* The distribution of lead poisoning ij quite extensive. The skin of the body is a protective covering, and as long as a remains in tact it does a good job except ir. :ue ease of tetraethyl lead, which is used in blend ing gasoline and whieh is readily absorbed through the skin, having a tendency to create changes in the nervous -vstem. The effect of other forms of '.cad. tnrougii that avenue of entrance, is practically nil. whieh explains the extremely low poisoning rate in typesetters, painters and others who continually come m contact with metallic lead. Lead in any form, introduced through the mouth, acts rather slowly when com pared with the inhalation of lead dust or fumes. However, no matter what the portal of entry may be. lead is acted upon by the body fluids and so converted that it may eventually be deposited with in tiie bones. . Those bony safe deposit vaults may retain their lead contents for ays or for years, and if the exposure :s removed, may also free the employee of all signs 117 * iH ? =5 1 -j, -1 ? V-- 2 ; *5 U: V w /-- si-:?: : s 5 :.. 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S - > S' --------- ->->- I'Trif'flsrflr, w&miii* nn vl'M iuihHn ?32`,a-5"'S3='=:~_.s-> ,;:un -is "ri ! | " 2 ; 3.5.5-3-a sf. i-5 2 * : ' =2 1Cl i " ia I mIIi a s* * 3 ,, s s. i -' i;'_2. ? 3 I - 5 * * " !' a -3 2 2 3 *' HisU^ = is-:H' "-2 i 2.* 5 - r?3 ' r!' 1 'S *2. - S'* .??=- i 5 i k- 2 - =' - Z i f i Sa^ i. S- " 3 1 S = a ._, 3 S' _. - -l * I tfiw S'* 5 3 s- 5 S| i.33 =i--5;ii| = ,i 2 :3ri-irsfl 'ri^fril -M' |!r ::* 3?S- M f 5`S S:s .Sra,*$S,4 iiUuiUU 3*2.5 2*3 2.3 ? 3* ru-in^s m?izm liKizili * * Mg *=% 1' < 126 Twcnt':-fifth Nnhnmtl .S>ijcl\ Ciuyrcs: tilacion. t iistcad. high % cIf'ctty ventilating C'tr. '.he engineer merested n iscer- apparatus should be installed. iutn.U''iiuig iaimtig nnt only exposure hut also effi as closely to the point of generation of ciency of control `hould realize control the harmful substance as is possible. cannot be fully effective nor the cificicncy _ Individual machines should he 50 of any protective device determined -A-nii- equipped if possible. HafTles may he in out scientific tests. Assumption, guess troduced to prevent air stream disturb work, unscientific procedure or apparatus ances or to increase the intake emoeitcy have no place in an engineering program. at the nozzle. Down-draft systems The engineer must test each >.iep unless -.t should he preferred for the collection oi bps be previously proved, careruily cal dust or gases of high specific gravity. culating hi advance to avoid raise protec Even after the installation of exhaust tion. systems, the engineer must study the He niu-t he 'atmiiar uith iu- ciiur.ptg. t\pe of maintenance required to keep iir s.iin;.itng. .mu chemical a:-aiv*i* -cen- them operating at peak efficiency. Noz iiiouc. having such determinations aoe zles should not l>e permuted to become by cstabii-iicH ami proper method*. [f covered nor moved out of proper posi .such tests are bcu-nd the eooe of ins tion. Exhaust piping must he kept dust ability or equipment ami ii 'he engineer tight. Slower efficiencies must he con consider* <"Ch tests absolutely essential, stantly checked to insure that intake ve then his executive* should permit him to locities are proper. The best ventilating obtain experts qualified to nuke *uch sur system is a false protection if it does not vey* as hi* problem may require. The function properly or if it is so poorly need for an accurate engineering approach ! i maintained that it falls below it*fdeigned to any control measure cannot be over rating. The engineer must exercise ex emphasized. treme care to provide a clean source of replacement air for the work place. He may find it necessary to install filtering and heating devices. The engineer must study the proper disposal of the collected or expeiied material to be positive it will not drift back into tiic work plaee. Employee Protection. While the pri Conclusion. Every engineer realizes control of any industrial disease expo sure is divided, pari of such control fall ing witltin the jurisdiction of die indus trial physician and part within his own engineering province. Medical knowledge is invaluable in die detection of early symptoms and in die administration of mary engineering means of protection suitable preventive treatment. The en against possible occupational diseases gineer should gladly obtain the services should be mechanical correction, the en of an industrial physician to make a gineer will find instances where even the study of the plant, to assist m the classi best systems must be supplemented by fication of the hazardous operations and individual protection. He must carefully working locations. By such coordination study such exposures to provide the high he will speed control of the exposure. est efficiency of protection, yet obtain a device easy for the operator to wear con tinuously. When the engineer has been successful in obtaining such a device, he must educate workers to ust it Sanitation. Clean washing facilities and toilets should be provided. Lunch rooms should be not only elean but also well lighted and attractive and should be un der the supervision of the plant physician. Each individual occupational disease exposure must be studied, analyzed, and controlled individually. While genera! data may be available upon common ex posures. the solution ean be found only in individual treatment. Such exposures cannot be compared to ordinary safety engineering efforts. A 'circular saw is a circular saw wherever it may be operat ing. but industrial disease exposure varies Scientific Testa. Up to this point the within plants and certainly varies between engineer has deduced that an exposure different manufacturing establishments, exists, and from accumulated data has even though they may produce a like devised his means of prevention. How- produet nr article. ADJOURNMENT Slearn Railroad Meeting WEDNESDAY MORNING SESSION October ?,_I936 The Steam Railroad Meeting of the National Safety Congress was called to order by Chairman W. \V, \Vod. Super intendent f Safety and Welfare, The lUItimore and Ohio Railroad Company, Baltimore. Md.. who presided, welcoming the delegates and introducing the speakers in turn. Safety in Construction and Maintenance From the Viewpoint * of a Chief Engineer By C. H. PARIS Chief Engineer, Chicago & Illinois Midland Railway Co., Springfield. 11L Acctdent'rUttUetin No. 103 ot the I. C C. reports, table No. 35. shows casualties by classes of employees and other persons for non-train accidents. For the 16-year period 1924.1034 the casualty rate for the maintenance of way department was greater than the rate for all employees on duty. For example, in 2930, this casualty rate was 11.07 while for all employees it was 9.3b. In 1934, for maintenance of way employee* it was 8.00 while for all employee* it was 7.04. In 1930. 70 roads out of 102 had rates in the maintenance of way department below the average for their group. In 1934, 62 roads out of 158 were below the average. This means that less titan one* half of the roads have casualty rate* in the maintenance of way department bet* ter than their rate* for all employees. In 1930 the spread between the lowest and the highest rate for the maintenance of way department was from 0 to 77.92. In 1934 the spread was from 0 to 89.U. This shows lack of. uniformity of results and it is plain that the maintenance of way department has a safety problem. Its casualty rate it too high and* this rate i too widely divergent as Itetwecn the dilferent carrier*. Now what about the nature of the ac cidents that go to make up the casualty rate? The four principal eauses of injury are: 1. Handling rail. tie*, tituher, etc. 3. Falls. 3. Using hand tnoU. jacks, etc. 4. Motor and hand car accidents. Why cannot employee* handle nil. ties, timber, etc. safely? Is it because of im proper methods, improper tools and c*<{u<pmet, poor duality of men, too much haste without regard to safety, or what? The majority of injuries are to hands and feet. Take the handling f creosote* treated ties for example. These ties may come loaded in flats, gondolas, box nr stock ear*. They are slippery if freshly treated, *o this haxard is added to that of picking them up and throwing them out of the ear. Tint elimination of injuries can only come through careful instruc tion* as to exactly how the tie* should be (licked up. the assignment of the correct number of men. and their proper place ment so they will not foul one another. This is true not only of the men in the car bnt alto those on the ground. 489