Document omKDVjmyRRZzKZZK29Rn870Bo

*vr-- ' - 9? S'. Industrial Hygiene Digest ) Hiteiatule Gbshacts * MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL -- decisions and trends tfniusfaial Health Tlews ' -cl *. 4 Utwd My INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENU1 PITTSBURGH (13). PA. -V " y .IV ' . ; i-'Vst /< LtlVWttt* I'Vfll* V FACTS March, 1944 liFoundation Pact* ! monthly newsletter to Induetrtat ooneema holding momborohlp In tnduotrlal Hygtona Foundation. The Foundation it a non-profit aoaoclation of induttrla* for tho advancamont of healthful working conditions. No. 3. Annual Meeting Proceedings Published The Proceedings for the Foundation* s Eighth Annual Meeting, containing much ^practical dots on manpower maintenance in industry, was mailed to members recently. The subjects covered in the publication fall into four main groups: 1. Medical 2. Engineering 3. Industrial Relations 4. Legal *' 3? ; 3i The panel, "Putting the Disabled Veteran Back to Work," a highpolnt of the annual meeting of members, was published separately from the Proceedings to expedite circulation. Additional copies of this panel discussion are available upon request. The annual meeting of members is one of the most valuable services of Foundation mem bership, Accordingly, the Proceedings should be examined carefully and routed to all interested persons within each member* a organ! zation. New Members and Subscribers Latest additions to the Foundation* s membership list are: American Optical . Company, Van Cleef Bros., and Vanadium Corporation of America. New subscribers are: Fairfield Air Service Command, Ohio; Medical Supply Officer, Ft. Mason, Cal.; Ministers Santa & B.E. Social hygiene, Quebec, Canada; Netherland Government Commission, ftxf Scientific Documentation, and tho Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry. Seen in the News & DETROIT, March 11 (UP) - R.J. Thomas, President, United Automobile Workers (CIO) today declared that his union "'was no longer satisfied" to bargain for wages . and hours only and announced the union would negotiate clauses containing health stamd'j^ rdj^ for-workers.... He said, "The health of our workers in the shop is an immediate -problem, and it must be met and solved through collective bargaining." ^ Sacramento, Calif. -- Women workers who repair bullet-proof airplane gaso line tanks at Mather Field are equipped with oxygen masks and officials say this ime*; ~ ration.cuts repair time-at least in half. The patching is done by small women who crawl..through a narrow opening in the tank. Formerly they had to come out every four or five minutes or risk suffocation from fimies. Practical Procedures A plant manager, studying jobs in his shop that disabled veterans might pejv form, observed: "When I see a man running a machine with one hand In his pocket Z ' i make a mentalvnote that he poi^Ld probably operate another machine and a one-armed \l veteran;couldddo that joh.5 V.P. Ahearn,- Executive Secretary, National Industrial. Sand Association and ;Secrethrjr of thevloundation* a Board: of trustees, has been appointed an Industry ** her bf the National War Labor Board. .... .Industrial Hygiene Helps Maintain Manpowert ee WlAL. HVOrCNK FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUC IUWOH (im). PA. industrial Hygiene Digest - 17 ca3 nblorohydrosarbon Solvents. E.V;. McGovern. Ind. Eng. Chem., 35, 1230-1239 {December, 1943). Included in r. comprehensive paper on tho properties of chlorohydrocarbon solvents is a section on toxicity. The toxicities of a number of the solvents in thanselves are of the same order of magnitude, but carbon tetrachloride and ethylene dichloride are practically more toxic than other liquids of somewhat higher molecular weight on account of their higher yapor pressures. Methyl and ethyl chlorides have low toxicities, but, being gases at ordinary temperatures, the effect of leakage is a high concentration of the vapors with increased fire and health hazards. Chloroform, beta-trichlorethane, and especially tetrachlorethane possess high toxicities, and must be used with precautions although their yapor pressures are low. In general, human beings should not be exposed to atmospheres in which tho odors of chlorohydrocarbons are detectable. However, they may be all rendered sgfe by the use of proporly designed equipment. Danger in skin con tact and decomposition at higher temperatures with formation of more toxic sub stances are discussed briefly, as are also methods of detection. ^.-4 Bagasse Disease of the Lung. W.A. Sodeman and H.L. Pullen. New Orleans Med. & Surg. J., 9, 558-560 {June, 1943). A case of bagasse disease of the lung is reported together with the findings at biopsy in an involved area of the lung. The picture appears to be that of an organic pneumoconiosis. It is evident that particles of bagasse may enter the alveolar regions and produce this reaction. The mechanism of the changes, and the nature of the stimulus set up by the bagasse dust to produce the cellular reaction, remain obscure. jsb Pnettioconiosis and Working Conditions in Coal Mines. Brit. Med. J. No. 4316, 395-396 (September. 25, 1943), . The Committee on Industrial Pulmonary Disease has been unable to draw final con clusions on causation or differences in incidence of pneumoconiosis in the South bales coalfield. Anthracite dust is more dangerous than that of bituminous nines. The most important measure in prevention is the reduction of dust breathed by the miners. To this end, the committee advocates a series of procedures which are discussed in this article: (1) maintenance of adequate ventilation, tS) use of water to prevent dust dispersion, (3) allaying of dust in roadways and at loading points, (4) reduction of shot-firing to a minimum, with fewest possible men exposed, (5) regulation of ripping processes, and (6) prevention of chill during spake journeys. -Sc Liquefaction Necrosis in Bilateral Symmetrical Conglomerate Lesions of Anthracosilicosis of Lung: Report of Case. B.J, McCloskey. Am. J. Roentgenol., 50, 42-45 (July, 1943). It is the intention of the author to shov/ that the correct interpretation of the roentgen appearance of necrosis and cavitation in the conglomerate lesions of anthracosilicoeis may be very difficult. A case is reported, showing these le sions, uncomplicated by tuberculosis. The only known exposure to silica was when the man worked as a pick miner in a soft coal mine for a period of 12 years and there was no exposure for a period of 44 years before his death. The roentgen ologic appearance of the necrotic areas was that of consolidation or pleural thickening.-. At sutopsy each cavity was found to contain thick, .black, viscid fluid, which showed no free silica on examination. Examination of the cavity wall and surrounding lung tissue showed a content of 0.25 per cent silica. A New Radiologic-Social Classification of Pulmonary Silicosis. R,Lorca and others. Bol. de la oficina^ sanitaria panomericana. 22 . 976-981 (November. 1943). (Spanish), The authors review the principal systems of classification of silicosis, includ ing that of Irvine and that adopted at the International Conference in 1930. They Industrial Hygiene Digest - 18 then propose the following classification, reducing the eight groups to five: (1) exposed but showing no silicosis; (a) suspicious; (?) confirmed pha3e No. 1, initial nodular fibrosis; (4) confirmed phase Ko. 2, marked nodular fribrosis; (5) confirmed phase No. 3, confluent nodular fibrosis. 2$q Asbestos!s and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. R. Desmeules and others. Laval med., 8_, 17 (March, 1943). (Fi'ench). Asbestosis is an occupational disease caused oy the inhalation of asbestos dust. It is diagnosed by the presence of asbestos bodies in the sputum, and is charac- ' terized by the transformation of normal lung tissue into fibrous tissue. Symp toms appear usually five to seven years after the beginning of exposure. Both asbestosis and tuberculosis were seen in 8 workers exposed to asbestos dust for 20 years. In three of these cases asbestosis was masked by tuberculosis. 239 Asbestosis and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. R. Desraeules and M. Giroux. Laval Med., 8, 27 (March,; 1943). (French). The case history of a 44 yehr old man is given who had worked for 20 years in an asbestos mill. After 10 years he had developed productive cough which increased gradually. Shortly before he was admitted to the hospital he started to run fever and had pains in the chest.- The clinical diagnosis of ulcero-fibrous tuberculosis and asbestosis was Confirmed by the autopsy. Diffuse peribronchial and perialveolar'sclerosis was-also seen. It is believed that the first symptoms of asbestosis appeared ten years before the symptoms of tuberculosis, but the matter could not be decided radiologically and pathologically. 290 Asbestosis Bodies. M. Giroux. Laval Med., 8_, 239 (March, 1943). (French) . The "curious bodies" found in the sputum of patients suffering from pulmonary asbestosis usually measure 24 to 50 mu by 12 to 24 mu but can be as large as 250 mu. They consist of a central fiber of asbestos which is covered by a goldenyellow substance containing iron. Rabbits, guinea pigs and one dog were exposed to inhalation of asbestos dust. Asbestosis did not develop in the rabbits nor in the dog. The guinea pigs showed, after several weeks, macrophages with asbes tos fibers in their alveoli. Erythrocytes appeared in the alveoli, and hemoglo bin derivatives containing iron could be found on asbestos fibers two to three months after the beginning of the inhalation of the asbestos dust. Whoa a sus pension of asbestos in olive oil was injected subcutaneously or into the testi- . cles of guinea pigs no asbestos bodies were formed. However, if first one cc. of blood was injected and then the asbestos dust through the same needle, asbes tos bodies could.be found one month later.: The presence of asbestos bodies in the sputum is believed, to be a definite sign of pulmonary asbestosis. :'91 Coincidence of Primary Carcinoma of the Lungs and Pulmonary Asbestosis. F.Hamburger. Am. j. Rath., 19_, 797-807 (September, 1943). In the medical literature there arc now at least 19 known cases of asbestosis associated with primary pulmonary carcinoma. In 4137 autopsies at the pathology laboratory at Yale University School of Medicine, there were 45 cases of pulmon ary carcinoma in the years from 1918 to 1938. Asbestosis was diagnosed 8 times, silicosis 17 times. Pulmonary carcinoma was found in 4 of the 3 cases of asbes tosis and twice in the 17 silicotic cases. Despite the high correlation of the foreign body asbestosis in the lungs vath primary pulmonary carcinoma, this is a small series of cases and the value of: these data is limited. Three cases are given in detail. The diagnosis of pulmonary asbestosis was diagnosed according to the following criteria: (l) fibrosis of the lung and (2) presence of asbes tosis bodies. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 19 rog Pulmonary Asbestosis, L. Rousseau, Lavr.l Med., , 233 (Iflcrch, 1943), (French). The radiological picture of pulmonary asbestosis is not characteristic; it is usually similar to that of tuberculous fibrosis. The diagnosis is, therefore, often made only after asbestos bodies have been found in the sputum. Asbestos fibers may be seen in the sputa of individuals who do not suffer from asbestosis; asbestos bodies are due to a pathologic tissue reaction. Microscopical examina tion of the lungs of patients who have died from .an intercurrent disease may show asbestosis, which had not been found op X-ray examination. The case history of s 42 year old man with asbestosis without tuberculosis is given. The patient had been working in the asbestos industry for 18 years. For 2 years the patient had been suffering from increasing cough, expectoration and dyspnea. Roentgenological examination showed mottling of both lungs. Sputa and gastric examinations were negative for tubercle bacilli. Asbestos bodies were found in the sputum. Methods of Detection and Determination ;-2 The" Quantitativedetermination of Cyanide in Air. D. Lester. J, Ind. Hyg, it Toi., 26, 61-63 (February,-1944)... ... The author describes a method for cyanide determination based upon the colori- ' metric measurement -of cyanide derivative formed from methemoglobin exposed to air containing cyanide. An air. sample of .1..liter is sufficient for determining a "concentration as low-as 1 part per million, with an error of 0.1 parts per million, higher concentrations to 2$> accuracy. The colorimetric measurement de pends upon the change'in light absorption of methemoglobin at wave length 635 milli-nicrons, which decreases with the conversion in accordance with the Beers- Lambert law. Full details of collection and determination procedures are given. 54 Sampling and"'Analysis of Air Contaminants. F.H, Goldman. Ind.Med., 13, 100-103 (January, 1944). . -- . . The analysis of air for various contaminants especially substances produced for .< military use, is described briefly. The standard impinger and midget impinger may be used for the collection of ammonium picrate, dinitrotoluene, tetryl, TNT, nitroglycerine, mercury fulminate, tracer bullet mixtures, fluorides, metal fumes, chlorinated hydrocarbons and war gases. The tests after collection are indicated very briefly.1 The Shepherd bottle is used for collecting substances suciTas nitrogen oxides or benzene, as one type of a grab sampler. The electro static precipitator and the benzol indicator arc discussed briefly, with mention of other special methods. ; :95 Analysis of Atmospheric Contaminants Containing.Nitrate Groupings. H. Yagoda and F.H. Goldman. J. Ind. Hyg. 4t Tox., 25, 440-444 (December, 1943). Methods are described for the estimation of nitroglycerine, PETN (pentaerythritol tCtranitrate) , nitrous fumes; and'ombnium; nitrate: ir. atmospheres arising from manufacturing processes'. The analyses'are based on the nitration of m-xylenol .in -62.5$ sUlfuric acid and the colorimetric determination of the nitro-xylenol isolated, by simple 'steam 'distillation". --` Authors* summary. -96 Bust Measurement. W.Grundmanri. Arch.tech.Mcssen Lfg. 126. T.152,2 (1941).(German) Dust measurement ,is, possible with the Tyndallometbr by determination of the in tensity of the scattered light of tho dusty atmosphere. Calibration curves for the various sorts of dust must be made because the effects of size, form and op tical surface effects of the dust particles must be eliminated to secure an accurate measurement of the dust concentration. Industrial Ejgl*a9 foundation (initial 4 Forward) . t Tjlii jaalsttj -M-tt INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION ' . v 4400 nrra avnro* mcwjtaaajj.vjL.. Industrial Hygiene Digest .. .. . / INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 nrm avww Fill WJ Mil OJ>, M. j<i|i __MfWUOTKO*Hk MliVnIC 7ol. 5, FOUNDATION FACTS ifarch. 1944 Pit4tti*n Fict< i i nw*.r#ti*)* 'uu * iiKuitflii eanetm* tntfW'HU MyfftiM i* * h m.mtrvt<p .* Th* run<Utf*n W Inductrlx Ur t*. # iMaltfiftil wartUny Mngitlon*. No. 3. Amual Meeting Proceedings Published The Proceedings for the Joundo: practical data oa manpower maintenance, The sublaota covered la the puhlicat * a Eighth Annual Meeting, containing ouch uatry, was mailed to members recently. Into four main groups:. _cCSi\ Industrial Halations Legal - The annual meeting, circulation* The ann bershi; lute: the Elsafiled Veteran Back to irork^ bjjhifcfpoiat of the licked separately from the ftWne^ings to expedite fthis panel discussions## aiq^ahle upon request* of -the most ti.uey^^Jutftices of Foundation mam.s should he oxa^^pdjairefully snd routed to all s orgaaita'i ' . * i-* : -v-*, I ' Latest addition* Company,. Van & Bro*>'and Fairfield Air Serricm Santa & B** Social ityrgft Scientific Bocusentatio: f asmharshlp list are: American Optical ijioxt of America* Seat subacribers are: .? Officer, It. Mason, Cal.; Ministers rland Government Cemlssion for ,t of Labor and Industry. March U fUPi -- fcJ\ United Automobile Workers id that kii talon "wan no 1c to bargain for wages and annotawed tfim union would /r^-frir+nfng' health stand- m.maK'**, health of ot shop is an immediate must he msdsad solved through colli '? g: ^ *:;v ? * lin1 g.**>. SscxnMnOo,. toman workers who raj et-proof airplane gaso line tanks: etr Mather TltldLmp* equipped with oxygen maskm^d official* say this inso- ration cut* seg^^^M^a|f^|iah in half. The patchhilnsgcis^&rhy UL weman who crawl thcoag^^ipQOTir^aatoii'in tin tank*: Formartythay out erary four >yigiXClA cTOCIWPIg ^ ^ 1 Jobs ln hif hCthat disahled weterane sight per- fhrn, observed; russiar nmacMhatwith one hand in He pocket I ma,--ke a m__a_n_t_e_l_n__o_t_*____ __,_etrahly.operate another aacftltte nH'n one-siffled ' veteran :* "*$**,r -: '-*.=* - %-- ^ ' ->.~^Jfe^^ggg^!&eoiiHrr Sacrat*rr, KkHvuI Xniustriel Stfsd'Asaoeiation and Secretary of the Ifraadation's %erd of Ttfaetaee^hs* been appointed an Zaduatry Mm- . b Mktipnat Igr "..f` 'V;; 'Z* *W -.&. -- ' ^ -- ~~ - ^.-^.tntfantrlal grglen*>lpa Maiataia Mannowerv.... ... l_---------------- : FOwadCTlflK7^^- s-v^r y^* *** tfp i i**Atu lUrch, 1944. Vol. Till. 3o. 3* 4400 fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. IHD05TRIAL [EKE DIGEST 220 Aluol <niirht^en* fSfcdj/jhmaber companies FeuSzatfcbn secured ThejJfaranac (N.T*) -founi tigetlona in this 'field*#^ alvasimm. therapy, the . 7. Gardner, Director, ps support Dr. Gardner*s lores. "I believe that al s definite possibilities as a preventive against a it will preven I tb&t in experimental animals /k and at u^the progression of silico 3i3. I t all sure that^ag>a t effect upon symptoms '^/ , .. ^. . . X am interested in seeing al tic agent It invariably 1gators bare indiused In as many different types of oxposure as possible ded'r&ftk Is sufficient control so that its offsets may be seicntlf evaluated. X be* Here that its greatest possibilities will be in treating aen who already bare early manifestations of silicosis <4^^iat they can continuethsir present work without danger of further ^p^resslon. X would not recommend Its use by any employer who Intends to rely upon aluminum as a preventive to the exclusion of recognized engin eering .methods for the control of a, silica duet hazard* * t -' Industrial HyEi*M Digest - 2 221 By Accidents. Asserting that only on# plant out of every sight has an adequate safety program, C.o. Cozzens, Vice President of the American Optical Company, announced that United'States industry is currently losing or repairing 200,000 ayes a year at an annual cost of 350,000,000. He said these industrial eye accidents are res ponsible for an annual loss of 6,000,000 man days* Emphasizing that eye acci dents can be prevented by ordinary safety precautions, he reported that 72?t of accidents occur on Jobs regarded as noa-hazardous to eyes* -- Cham. & Zog. News. January 23, 1944. 222 Hygiene and Kurslna. industrial physicians, industrial hygiez li St. Louis, Ho., Kay 8-14, at the Hrifbn jperrer- son. T rations ore (1) American AssociatJgKj^RiBlustrial Physici American Industrial Hygiene AssoKatiSft (3) Nation- al Conferen) sal Industrial pianists, and LA 4Wfaa Association of Induatri cal subjects to be presentWjimeXude veiling, noise, bi plants, maladjustment^^! JoV^nriroiaaent, women in ,________ ons on "Who Can Wptf^|^Ihe industrial hygienists " la the he. in the 3ynthafi4aTrqbiwr industry, radlxn, sol- 'toxicology o pohij#Wlitiee 0silica dust hazard from the inslra quartz cry* dust ft air ismpling in tpeclfie refer- nee to the collection /ond of lead fumee, and ha2arda ot expoaura to cadmium, las will conaider postwar planning for nursea and medical serric 223 Absenteeism Reduced. Absenteeism has bee&^ngpq' as tire measures, acecgdiimg"* R.C, Ohio, Klcfaigeiv<M^g^Btucjcy. In so: and in other^wcmwrs served on a ism was^rfdQ^e by setting up facilit mediesX^tfl. beauty treatments and bo 1943. in some war plants by various corrsc~ war Commission Director for e made certain improvements In another* case, absenteegasoline, tires, shoes, at the plant. -- Steel, zea Seduce Ahsenteel am. 'One company awards merit certificates to "Regular that Is, to esploy- ees who have not lost time during a pay period onal certificates for regular attendance for 3 months. After every pay a Jade-pot drawing is held for additional certificates, only the "Regular Pell' articlpating. The merit certificates are exchangeable for prizes that atalogued and displayed, The plan bos been very eucceesful. -- L Jt. Rhodes, in sting, Peb.,1944. 223 fow Magazine. ^ The British Medical Association announces the publication &?a British Journal of Industrial Medicine, a quarterly Journal. -- Chemical Trades J., Pebruary, 4, 1944. . '; '' ; 226 New Standards Croup to be Formed. Organization of an Allied Nations standards body was asnounsd at the silver aam'Ternary meeting of the American Standard! Association. Tbs objective of tbs' new body will bs maxima coordination of standards necessary for the war efforr~md the immediate postvar period. :A skeleton staff will have offices in London ul in either'New York or Washington. -- Heat, h Vent., Pebruary, 1944. Industrial Sygiene Digest * 3 Legal Developments 227 Scratches on Hands Received In Course of Bnplovmant as Portal of 2ntrv far Tetanus Bacilli. Although there waa ao witness who sairkhe decedent sustain the accidental injur ies to hi* hands* the facts that sqgnkl days prior to his illness as wall aa lataK tha employee showed varIgUflicgrtchss on his to his aothor, his,. wll^And ssverji fallow jloya^Sad stated that ha had received than on^n^ eledra^screy^dsaver ct ttfRtacwry where ha worked, and area la his ddjnnS*- mark "tt^/hja bi^tMr^l^mr^/statad that he reeoired the scratches ^^S^factory, aSkrth# fac^ttt^N.ajs employer did not show by any eTidenMg&aifc^ehe in juries wi^^shstaaMCjMewhare. there was evidence to subetaatielSSaflading that the sCTagay)^^^im to the subsequent tetanus and dgptlg^oee out of the cttploTOant<^BmrsonVftaSiture Co. . Butler. Arkansas ^jqyetfe Ct. 16*4-7218. January ~ 228 Lon of-Tubj .tion by Heat >urt affirms tUt Lo.n the defilfro^gorths SupresM Court where it held that the at: ui )ns which precipitated a lung hemorrhage In aa ampl 30 from tuberculosis In eltbsr a dbr- aaat or active state, Cficj sonstituts an industrial accident and compensable Injury since ^dent to the labor performed, whether ordinary or extraordinary, ^caspensahle accident. Cavanaugh r. Murttar Varnish Co* and Appeals. So* 26, October Torn, 1943* January 27, :hj, 229 re Sot Shown ^CaushrdfJCataract An employe that a chemical^ alcohol, other end di nitron * splashed into his course of his employment and the' a week to tea days the si erne blurred and continu- progressively worse until visloa in that eye. A of cataract was made with a ialike concurring, but _ >ne was able to state that there was single contact with such a chemical causing a cataract an known to be In good general physical condition, it was sot known if been a previous chronic eye disease, end the fact that, there was never or irritation of the eye indicates the probability of a secondary change phrenic uveitis. All the evidance pointing to a pre-existing chronic eye dl the failure to eetab- lish any caosal relation between the incident of the the cataract, the. loss of vision cannot he said to he a in the eye with t thereof. Carter v. Herculee Powder Co. Virginia Suprmw Ct. of Appeals. 754. January 24, 1944. (CCH). , ~ 230 Causal Provocative Connection Between Heat Proetration and Death* On June 19, 1941, the. employee was overcome by heat and ooks fumes in the course . of his employment and wee temporarily disabled for about three weeks when he re turned, to work.. On July ,25, 1941 he quit work on account of aa alleged illness cad disability, never again being <*ployed. Be died on April 29, 1942 as the result of e valvular cardiac lesion. Prior to the incident of the heat prostratioa, the employee had been troatedby thesamephyeician who attended him after the exposur* toheat hnd ccke fumea and continued to attend hia up to the time Industrial hygiene Digest - 4 of Ms death. Tii physician testified that prior to the incident of prostratlon, the employee's lungs and heart were in good condition and thereafter the lungs and bronchial tubes were irritated and congested causing a strain upon de cedent's heart. Since the evidence must be viewed in the light most favorable to-claimant and since there la evidence to support the finding of causal provoc ative connection, an award of compensation must bo affirmed. Combustion Zngl peer ing Co., Inc. v. Whatley. Tenncss.ee Supremo Ct. February 5, 1944. (CCH). 231 Aggravation of Pre-existing.Tubcrc s by Exposure to Inorganic Dust. Where an employee became disabl nine or tan years employment with ir, because of an active n&y tuberculosis, and tha report of t dlsea^^eforeos nevertheless it seems probable that paat^ ^a s, he has inhaled inorganic dusts wl " have b y and of such an irritant nature as an exciti in tha extent of his proeent lungwShrculosis," there was nee to find causal relation alncjjKiVgMir frequently been held of experts, that a relation prp^^Ircxists between two fact thero is such a ralatioi Case. Kassachd bo T Ct., 3uffolk. J (CCH). 232 y Due to Although there is vaatilation in the s the fabrics usod, was abling pulmonary- tuherc damages oust be affirmed, finding by the jury tha employee developed ployea failed to action is not E&f the one yo where there,4!h Itiauoua tort, s to provi^ exhaust fans until. of disability, which, In. ff.S. Circuit Ct. of 15, 1944. (CCH). as to whether or not the poor heavily lades with starch from rating causa of tha ployee' s disverdict awarding the employee 42,000 nd evidence to support that February 9, 1940, show that before that date and the ea st11 February 15, 1941, the tations, since in cases er'S failing in this instance tations does not begin to run J7, 1940. The Goodall ,t. Hot. 9431-9432. 233 Report of the Bureau of Industrial BsrKieqe {State of Connecticut).. A.3, Gray, Director. 57th Report of the Connecticut State Department of Health, ?p. 85 320. (1942). - . . . This routine report testifies to increasing activity in the mmher of field tripe* plants visited, laboratory determinations, etc., and variety of sub icts investigated, which include extensive studies of particular hazards preeen .d by benzene, lead, fluorides, lacquering solvents, electrolytic allcall cleaning, electroplating and degreasing, with a number of other hazards encountered on a smaller scale. . The amber of surveys of industrial conditions was 923, and 132 studies of specifichazards were conducted. Publicity features included 25 radio telfca. The woric In the- various fields, is tabulatod. Industrial Efgisa* Digest - 5 234 Aflaual_Beport of. the Chief Inspector of Factor!ei_for the Year 1942. Ministry of Labor ad National Service. Factory Dept. Cad. 6471, 1943. London: H.M. Stationery Office. . An increase of 66 per cent over tie 1941 figure in the number of accidents to women is due in part to the larger nutter anployed In dangerous and heavy indus tries. Fencing of machinery and weering of properly designed caps and other clothing are strongly advised for women. A safoty committee, with representatives of management and workers and onu or mpro trained safoty officers should function in every factory of considerable si Industrial lighting has been much i*. prove&. with many installations gf^tlui^fesceat tubular lighting. Ventilation stiljQpbor in sc^as^ factoriesjlur^fhe hours of blackouts. Public opinion< 1 and welfare departments in all works sine, in dermatitis dus to <B7T, totryl, ' nt mercury may be credited to the use of reconngMt^yrecau- tions, sickness and aniline poisoning casan2&&howed a de- clino. : To notifiable. Of 14 eases notlflgg,\&ttbe associated with Q7T lvents containing low projMrlfotreor benzene. Prac- tical me c enhanced risk of siUUuSl^wtt stool foundries are bet has baSrk tendency to rtdu^mCT&y hours of work for all teohd^yo multi pliedjflm^^Tn factories and on docks Lding sites.' 239 Absaateuiai: 'and J.7. Scott. Publication No.*29 of the Graduato School of^SQdlnepd^aaui&tratlottt George 7. Barker, Harvard University, Boston* DechS^4^^t7SSB np. Price 91*00. The authors made a systamatrc^jpady o^jHMentooism at three similar plants in the samo city, largalynrf^^Esg^S ^tonhjb^castiag departeeut of each plant be cause the abaenteo pnfcM^Ws maysRaeut<m)eMre. In their records each absence was counted, ^cgpflKlwg^of its lengths By^fSat method and by a comparison under similar condiufnwe^tEe effect of mahy$f tHS^Wtetors connsnly considered was Tonicized* iSta showed that thaf&^ u substantial percentage of employ$eJ5ltt3ye one or no absences par.-year^'as~khown in the plant employees as A$w^r In the casting shops of thw^iSpM P^sKHtx the percantagos with low facords was lower over the porlolra^^Janwn^, 1942 to March 1, 1943. itidns'were probably due to changes j^tm oiSwmk and other working con- Iftions caused by government regulations and <$w*ureNr?fcer work. However, in tht. plant designated C the absenteeism settled^acfc to>^^asonable figure after those disturbances, while in plant A it contlnue^j&rcjreajtng to the end of the study, plant B occupying an intermediate posltlon^^^ authors traced this var iation to difference# in labor policy. In plant A tyU^lAuel ploca work was the basis of. wages; in C the payment was on the basis of &wl work done by all shifts over a 24-bour period; in C the fo&aen rotetedi# in such a way that they were in oontact with all groups of workmen, and wor^nlisTsd of enough res ponsibility on mechanical work so that they could keep attaskance records and talk with the man about- absence.problms and complaints. Iff*general, intcliigeat consideration of the nuaaroue problems by the managmunt was the greatest factor In reducing absenteeism. The authors believe that in most discussions of absen teeism tho attitude of management is not given sufficient consideration. Industrial Hygiene Digest - $ Industrial Health Hazards and Thai? Effects 236 Sewer Gas - Hazards la Sewage Plants; C.S. McKinley. lad. Had., l, 804 (December, 1943) Hazards associated with this gas are: } poisonous gases, (2) inflammable gas- as that may cause explosion, and (3. cieney of oxygen. Attention is called to tJw^mzard of underground pisnp often found in sewage disposal plants*^/Methods ^jj^xpreventing^fat ies in pumping pits are summarized,^ Vyi 237 Testing the Dlesel^ljfceel (1942). (Go Liquid gas and the Carbon Monoxide ftp Process* Ternes. Gluclcauf. By choosing condensatld: ^tion of the mixture, adjusmftonrfPdf VJkdess of air, tto, Diesel end Diosol gag eagles, in particular with the mono: Tg*. . possible to countj^^^lhe danger of carbon " 238 In^ajaa yeldlag :?i> ' The Author, a welding o medical language* The ized iron; (2) stainless s 29, 46 , 49 (February,1944). Wjtng fiawe in non-techoicsl and non fig fuses are thoee from: (1) gallan ts) burning of lead-based paints; apd (4) aluainiA welding operatl uses la the galTnalzing of iron, the hazard Is metal fuse fever*, collect in the.lungs, as many welders believe, bht are >ing, of carbonated - bevorageareh^idvo c for ious fumes' oneduntwl^^p>^cine with<^ai Jed. Milk, warmth and avoidance ation of fume forer* The injurteal electrodes and welding eltsintm arc t^oae^uLTXuorine conpouad|^ Thd haust system^^i ^ffeussed very briefly^ entals of prevention by ex- ,D. Taran* Lavodskaya >787 (1940). (Russiasl. jposes a method for taking samples ses for analysis, -tractor pipes are used as electrodes* One1' 'the o'He&'Igs of the pipe is Teanod carefully; welded and covered with the cc investigation. The open ond of the pipe is conanected by means of d tubing to a pipet and a vacuum system. : The mhole system is washed with the aw^fg'~as "by means of a vacuum pump, tho welding process started and the gas passed topipet by means of a hydrostatic mereuxy p\*p. Approximately 200-300 cc. of electrode* Analyses are given of electric arc gas oh obtained from one various coatings of the electrodes* 240 Health Hazards from Arc Welding* Illinois Dept* of Labor, Industrial Hygiene Div,, factory Inspection Dir., 111. Labor Bull*, / 4-6,23 (August 31, 1943). Previous studies have shown that a great variety of poisonous, irritating or annoying dusts and gases may be found in welding ftaes: nitrous fume* carbon monoxide, fluorides, silicates, zinc fuse, lead fi*et lime, chromium, manganese, iron oxide, etc* ^Greateat ignorance is is the field of welding rod coetings. There arc. at least three important factors in the work and the eartromaent: (1) ventilation, (2) volvoe of work, and (3) position of the welder. The Illinois study investigated the significance fit dust counts from two angles: the relation to hazardous gases and ths relation to ventilating control. This study has shown that local exhaust ventilation is not only practical, but the only reliable method for controlling welding fvme. Ths way in which this local exhaust must Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7 be applied in various operations la discussed at length. In locations where ven tilation alone is inadequate, an efficient supplied air respirator is the solu tion. ' Because welding fume has been shown to contain a complex mixture of ha2ardous air contaminants, many of which give no warning of their presence, it is wise to control the fume at the source by positive means. Prevention is better than treatment or compensation. . 241 Health Hazards in Welding. Ontario Apartment of Health, Division of Industrial Hygiene. Pamphlet, 8 pp. No dato.< .Thijfc^booklet describes briefly Jt&^S&Lth hazards encountered in welding and ssification of hazards is given and efal ventilation, for eye protection^ od for various types of work* 242 ilosiblllty of Metal Powders. Nagy and H.B. Minos, Report of Invest. (Octo- ber, 1943)< Dlv. of Information, 3.3. Mincs, ^ashing- ton, D. An u,vs*; loya of InflasEiabill. losibility of 14 metals oslon laboratory of the Tfiftoriental Coal ialluded: (1) mil ;Sectttn; ~ * ` ec. The teats mads usually minimal energy needed for igni- tion of dispersions aa< layers; 12) rolatlve inflammability with two different sox I (3) minima concentration required in a dispersion in air to pc: rise in small explosions^ r maximum pressure and rate of pressure cue a oxygen content of the air needed to prevent ignition; and J4 ' atmosphere on the powders. Most of the results are present^) in t simaary covers 3 pares, so only a few of the moei^rtTOkjng result's wi ' here. The wall tamperat'ore re- quired in ad22ttCfl3rnaca to igni >wda speraions in air varied from. 315 to 90QC. to the metal adl m A dispersion of zirconium $caetj^ Igj&tes at room temperature energy is required for igai- tiwCTO&spark. Maximum pressure attal ffcMHEof pressure rise vary widely. gives the highest figures for 72 ^gs^sper sq. in* and 3,000 lbs. sq. la. par second, respectively, v O.O&nsond was required to roach (he maxisum pressure. A large explosion ofK IntttHby would wreck a plant, and large relief vents would not prevent damage, NTho^s$als in decreasing trier of inflammability ere: (1) zirconium, magnesi ^ Its alloys, aluminum on: titanium; (2) reduced and carbonyl Iran, aangane' Lac, silicon, tin and :n:i- mony; and. t3) codmit*, copper, chromium, lead and iron. In diluting i:r with nitrogen, carbon dioxide and helium to reduce 11 .bllity, it was found that titanium, zirconium and magnesium and its alloys' ;e la pure earbon ii- oxide, wbethdr dispersed or in s quiescent layer, end 1j layer when heated sufficiently. Much work wains to be gea in a quiescent on the subject, and 9 fields for future investigation are listed. Members" terestld in metal powders should obtain tbs entire :report from the above address. 243 External Tram* end Papt^c Dleer - Analysis of Their Relationship. R.H. 7s*ler. In Med.. 12. S14- 632 (September. 1943). from the study of a large ntmber of ulcer cases the writer has found "tbs *-ddance of primary^ ulcers resulting from a single blunt traumatlm ascccc; *d with other severw coexisting Injuries" to be 0. t$. A mull group of phys: zs still deny the existence of traumatogenic peptic ulcer under any dramstan >. Roet-traumetlc neurosis may indirectly result In peptic ulcer, la which eas* *ze mechanism operates through psychic factors of emotional stress on a subclinical ulcer. The histories of nine litigated cases are reported. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 8 244 Deimntltls_from Exposure to Tear Gea. J.T. Ingram. Brit. J. Dermat., 54. 319 (December, 1942). ' !' ^ lagraa reports .a ease of deanntitls la an officer exposed to a fairly high con : ceatration of tear gas (chloraeetophenone) ia a confined space for three quarters of an hour. About seven hours later he noticed irritation of the skin, especial ly in the flexures, quickly followed by a morbillifom eruption which soon became blistered. Dhder simple treatmenttwith baths and calamine lotion the condition resolved in tm weeks and loft the'patieat with no ill-effocts. 249 Occupational Acne.. L Schwartz Pock. H.Y. State J. Med. 43, 1711-1 (Soptaoher 15, 1949). A liwpf chemicals that occupational acne is glvsn, including a occupiitfcms In^hlph t ^ st exposure. The chid cals include aradV^itrol- eua, ^luble ^ soluble cutting oils, coal tar and jtfmittqnJijfSterials, c hlorneph-raalsnoa phenyls, ohlordlphssyloxlde, and soli^5?enzols and chlo: iture and location of the ervptioan dnfs^sosewhat according the chemicals responsible. Derailgpere given by which 'he typegswSRsjfr'disti id. The article suggeetj^rev&tlve general and per- so ^r%i _ troataent. The hlsi^jc^&hgl studies given are of >^Lue, M>: 244 Troubles of Ms Operators and Scbwei shriller. Canad. Machinery. 54, 108-10 The effect of oil on, t -ly cutting oils, and preventive cere are discussed. 247 Cosmetics and Dezraatlti If cosmetics are pro nay even be benef the ers manufacturing beauty pitrlor an occasiona&SwftJfcf allergic dc avoided.^^m^utbreaks have occurred? testad<lwrqrir being placed on sale befSfiik_wacing thm on the market 'of cases which osy occur frou Perfuaer. 46. 45-46 {-?obruary,1944) they ore harmless as a class and may occur, however, among *rk, and the general public. Although cosmetics cannot be woro not properly cosmetic form-alas of minimizing the ri saioa of Bnariaeatal Contact A.M. Mon. Hav, Soo. Argentine Biol., 10. Blister fluid, from es axes of skin which bed b dinitrochlorbenzsaessvsral weeks previously, pro when Injected intradeznslly in another animal. Thi natous dermatitis upon application of the compound. Ballsstero and ah). ally sensitized to 2, 4 s locally sensitized area shown by a typical ecze- 249 Results of a Questionnaire on Patch Taste. Dermat. k 3yph., 48, 514-518 (Hovember; 1943). .... * In industrial contact dermatitis, properly executed patch tests are of inestimable, value in provention aM troatmant* Hypersensitive reactions of certain lndivid- ' uals can. also;be picked.up in this way, urban patch tests are used la cutaneous diseases la which they are hot indicated they often lead to fallacious decisions* They ere of valus ohly ih dermatitis vohenata had dermatitis medicamentosa in which the eruption is of thi eczematold' type; The site of testing most coamcnly r chosen by dermatologists'is of the flexor surface of the arm* It is unwise to ; tost during the acute stag*'of the eruption sad also as few patches as possible should he applied at one time. Eighty per cant of dermatologists questioned an swered "no" to the question "Should patch tssta be made by general practioaers?", Industrial Syrians Digest I 9 for routine patch tasting la of little value and any be dangerous. Pre-mploy- ment patch taata are not advised. Careful taking of the history, kiwledge of the patient1 a exposures, personal investigations and tha study of the various con tacts will reduce the necessity of patch tests, but when needed they will continue to be of distinct value in dezsnatology. 250 Prevention of Industrial Peinatltis. S. Horner. Proc. Roy. Soe. Med., 36, 633 (October, 1943J, ' ' Principles of prevention are: Selectl Protection, Inspection and Cleanliness, The selection of the right personae dermatitis hazards is to be attempted, despith proaent labor condltlonv^ art played by diet and vitamins in prewh>$on. and. cure of industrial titls baa yet to be determined. 251 Poison______ 373 ( l9t^ The autho: tis and - baa tivity the title o sens .da had' no "or so propbyl seventy when applied effective. J.8. Howell. Arch. Derm. various preventives rtcosaaended for^ooTm^lvy dermati- rally ineffective* for the pera^ji'j^Srwage sensi- soap and water will lessen tS^emrfrity of the derma- 5 or 10 minutes aftaj^lxpoaure. for an extremely r is ineffective only one minute, fer- latum spread^aM'^fection; sodium porborate had taasiu^Steh^nate, however, lessened, the &usba after exposure. . 252 A Study of Pnsuaonlain Industry. The Epidemiology and Manage* ment of 864 Caaea over in the Kaiser Riolaond Shipyards. M.f. Collan sad others. J.Iad 1-7 (January, 1944). The gross mortality of the hospital waa 8.20. The annual frequency rate of p 9.5 per 1000 workers, which ia not different than jyHMtetfHohcs pulatlon, so far as reliable ' data indicatp-^S&lBer does the t shown by evidence preaenc- ed, differ dmat lafit seen among- the Pceuaococcal pne'Xioma accounfee|5e37# of the cases/-'with t up one-third cf ^TheuBOhlea. factors that cannh^X effect the incidence of a are: (1) The length of time a in the region. (2) The of employment in the shipyard. (3} done in the shipyard, due of a low leukocyte count as a moaa flty of pneiaococcal pneumonia was affirmed. The relationship lobea involved end alb\Bisurla was emphasized, and age, number cf dBent of these patients with sulfadiazine and adjumnt thorapy-was phasi -- Condensed from Authors1 suaxyv 253 Tuberculosis in Worth Caroline Industry. T.f. festal. Kth Bull.,(North Carolina1 State Board of Health) .58. 7-11 (Deciber. 19431 Sfaployee* of 29 iadastrles were given chest X-ray exsmlnati|dl These industries are widely distributed over the state, and are located in 8 counties. Six iiffer- ent types of induatryare represented. Almost 42 thoueend peopls were examined. A. rats of 1.50 pulmonary tuberculosis was found. Cardiac and other pathology was also discovered. The greatest nusber of tuberculosis cases were found to be in the early stage. The next greatest amber was in the moderately advanced stage, and the noellest sas&her in the far advanced stage. This la the reverse of findings on admissions to sanatoria. -- Author's summary. 254 Sound-Proof Airplae H^tfly Test Chambers. -I.IXstel. I. Acoustical Soc. of Am. 114-115- (October, 1943) i - The noise df an airplane during' testing is not only a danger for the crews but is an annoyance to the neighborhood* Tbs author describes the two main types of air plane motor test-chambers andthe means taken to make thm nearly soundproof. -dustrial Hygien* Digest - 10 255 Prevention la Industry. I. Gray and M.M. Albert. Ind. Mad., 12. 801-505 (Decmaber, 1943). ' "Bronchial asttaa is an hereditary disease, which occurs only in predisposed in dividuals*- A past or preeent-history of allergic disease, rather than a pre placement physical examination, should be the criterion for determining maploy- ability in occupations where the incidence of asthma is known to be high (such as in the baking or fur industries). The study of 8 cases, which are cited in the article, calls forth several observations. In every case pre-asttmatlc symp toms were present, and the patients ajpuld k*7* been removed from their occupa tional enviroisnent* In most cases *Pns measure will terminate the astina; in othefs it may fail by reason of^Lffift that superimposed infection is SaVerfi cases demonstrated the oc^rrence of sensitivity to an occupation taci^dftar seveftik years^p^Sfcc sure to a potent allergen. ' 256 63, 153-1 Rheumatism rhetaatl (4) r . ^ i v v-/y in 'valuable, irophylaxis of r. of housing, (2) iapro (4) facilities for sfcll (6) a need for suitable meats* S.A. Underwood. J, Inst., 9 used to cover four groups es: (1) acute joint rhsum&ttn, (3) ar rheunatisa, and umatio diseases Ible for a greet deal ou* causative f discussed. Prophylaxis f concern Ida* Important factors improved standard of living and 3} correction of toxic influences, more active and early treatment, and arapy and adequate rehabilitation amange- 257 Spirochetal Jaundice en and 1.3. Suavely. J.A.K.A. 123, 419-524 (October^JQf In a strikingl>r4t#ve article, th*\aut int out that spirochetal jaua- dice has beAaow^fboked in the pasf^ahd ease in jMrejSSpr'of differential dialogs ze certain features of the dis rate, as well as field mice^<6*. Tigs, foxes and horses, boring leptospira. Sxamin- fine water and suck has recent tosplras morphologically uishable from leptospira ictero 14 human cases of spirochetal Jaundid a single mine in Alabama n-pethogenic saprophy- leptospira occur in natural waters all tory has usually been present in the . reported cog' An occupational hisory of moist, damp cr wet environment is obtainable* Occupations c ncountered in the disease 'are those of sewer workers* trapped coal miners, workers, fish vrorkers, rice-field workers and can# cutters* The clinical of diagnostic sign ficance are (1) an acute Infectious disease with acut , fever, headache and prostration* (2) Severe myalgia appearing spou end on pressure In the thigh, calves and back* (3) Signs of liver damage, Igas of kidney lem age. (5) Leucocytosit. (6) Epidemiologic information - ^ on, occupation, Leptospiras; can be found In the blood in the first stage (7- days), laauns bodies between the 12th and 17th day and increasing in concentration, and organ- ,isae; in the urine after the 2nd or 3rd week* Salient feature# of 15 cases ob served at the Charity Ssspital over,a period of two and one-holt years are pre sented, and the differential diagnosis discussed* A Ugh incidence of gastro intestinal symptom* and abdominal ^crises. existed* Bronchopulmonary, central ner vous 'system, 'cardiac and BCG foatures are prasanted along with mention of haaorr- .haglQ 'diathesis* the similarity of spirochetal jaundice to pneumonia makes it possible for the'"condition W be mistaken for hepatitis secondary to pneimonia or sulfonmide therapy* In the article two cases of leptospira canicola infec tion are discussed with a review of previous studies* ' Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11 238 Brucellosis. la Paclrinm-lifauae Vorkers. M.G. Levine. J\Ind*3yg. &Tox., 25. 451.2 lOtcb, 1943J* " Because of its prevalence among packing-house workers, Brucellosis is considered an occupational disease. It nay be :preed among the general population by in gestion, but observers believe that iontact Infection occurs la slaugbter-lxsuse workers. The finding that packing-house workers eat partially cooked aeat- offers a new approach to-the epidemiology .of Brucellosis. Tha practical importance in dustrially sad sociologically of eradicating this diseasa is obnoua. Proper education of slaughter-house workers jll help to eliminate this hazard. 259 Eftalgi of Wet Garments on Body tUS^sa at High Envlroacental Tamnercturai N. li^son and Viaachar. I .&2jHyg. kTox., 23, 434-9 l Decwater, 19-43"] Expa determine the value of the practice of ' clot, n in especially bet situations, sun rooms tsoperat below 25%, white sales served as subjects At a mean temperature of UQOP. feted, to -simulate roughly those jnaeatal live hxoidity *fcany deserts, the weight was 174 g* per hr. and a 309 g. per hr. At a a and a relative of conditions select- tropical seas tfcflftraSPavert 76 g. at rest and t&l tmapermtu^^rf-Tbutable to the wet cloth- ndltiops^nRSurhigher temperature, the aver- pulse rate was ,utel^R rest in the wet garments thu m the nude* for applicat ations it is believed that fur- ther isrostigatlons sho 260 Light. Temperature, he Working Snviroaaent* A.H. Baetjer. : Ind. Mted.ff 13, Subjects diseussed/gni?^cute Refects and Low Tperatures; Effects of Temperature on Besistsnca to sej Halation of Temperature to Work and Aecid&gp* optimum Conditi^pFsf ture, Himidity and Air Uoveneat; Preventi(8S&pes; and Effects of H$$yant Ultra-violet, Visible and Infra^fm^watlon. c Carbon Monoid* Poisoning. :943r.~ " ~ -- A.M.A. ig2, 1018 {August engineering survey carried on in Vest Virj that in many homes ono or more gas appliances discharged carbon aonozid^ .to "tttie rooms, sema of them in large quantities* Clinical studies revealed red general health, servoua- ness, ill-temper, eta*r due to prolonged repeated sure to m*m*1 amounts of -carbon aoaoxide. In a field survey of the health Saving conditions of 279 -persons who lived at home or worked in shops where na^gr^L gas was oonsvmad for cooking or .heating, 137 gave histories suggestive of cajrhMt monoxide anoxoaia. It is to bei .noted that milder forms of carbon monoxide p^mlng do not present any distinctive clinical picture, the manifestations beiagFwaaeatially subjective, in suspected cased the definitive diagnosis will require proper chemical examin ations of the blood of the patient, as wall as of the air he has been breathing. 262 Cadmium Poisoning* Ontario Dept, of Health, Dir* of Industrial Hygiene. Pamphlet pp* H6 Date* ` : ' Although the to^c properties of cadmium and its compound* have long been known, it is only recently that cadmium has disused importance as a source of industrial ''and domestic poisoning. Coincident with the increased use of dadsim there has been a sharp rise in the amber of cases and area deaths have occurred from this .source. Catalxmt sLsy entor the body either by ingestion or by inhalation, and produces different sets of symptoms according to the method of entry* Industrial Industrial ^ygisne Digest - 12 poisoning is practically always by initiation. Cadoiw dust or t-jaes nay be produced by grinding, burning or wilding of codaium-piated natal3, cadmium alloys and metals covered with cadmium-bearing paint* 263 Experimental Aroonla Gas Poisoning in Rabbits and Cats* 2.M. Boyd and others* J.Ind.Eyg. &Tox., 26, 29-34 (January, 1944). Experimental ammonia gas poisoning .in rabbits and cats was found to ba associat ed with : (a) An increased output ofrespiratory tract fluid, (b) No appreci able effedt upon the water content soothe tracheal, bronchial, and alveolar por-^ tions<\Of the respiratory tract. ^i^^X^increase in the iron content of the ^ .trosJfcL, bronchial and alveolarV^^lona of the respiratory tract an ciali^narked Anbieaae in_ gj^tracceal portion, (d) No change In the ci coateiU^- rease in blood hemoglobin above aormajef^pephning about 2' (f) No change in serum chloride. ^^gTsam^lncrease in plasma' tained tba mostly tha cholestorol fractions, HtaidESe was 0b-pharynx acted as a partial filtefc d^&nia, protect ihg the ant the mailer bxoncJj^ea^9$ffalveoli from the actio gas ,co being both ttstologtfSXand chmaical. In prelimfound to lower H^sw^ar mortality rate from nih4-/^f, injected aub^jfea^pbusly just before or just amLonia-gaasi 264 Toxicity of Lead Chromat 46-54 (February, 1944) 1 and others- X.Ind.Hyg. & Tox*, 26. It oust be concluded, chromate may exist in is true in the case of in the atmospheres Isad in the foxm of lead lead absorption than amount of lead allowable ase of this type of ccn- pound. Atmosp&raSc^&rtsrminatiohs op-Z^a# not substaiutefttejGeJ' other data*. Wblg>thi other inftfLurajh lead compounds which tha recognised possibility certain land compounds is ector has proved useful in this of investigation where accurate ftion are needed- Work completed several ; Ideation now, on the solubility of-several erroneous conclusions If ot pretend to cover way as lead chromate, standards should be a "packed tube" type should aid in similar baric lead coutami ri ng prepared for pub'n blood serum and lung fluid, indicates that those lead compound# are most Insoluble in such media would provide a margin of safety in the use compounds that does not exist with the relatively soluble compounds. T not mean to say that solubility is tbs only factor to be considered, but t is an important :ca- si deration* -- From Authors' simmurry and conclusions. 265 Load Poisoning as a Clinical Entity Purina the Recoct v-^n-^jfr'of Warships. T.Z. Hankins. C.S. Naval Had.' Hull., 41. 1785-1791 (November, 1943) * Lead poisoning occurs wlth greater rapidity and severity from inhalation of lead contaminated dusts andfuaat then from tbs ingestion of lead in various forms. Cases developed and. continued to develop among the paint removal crews worfci_cg . on the ships until effective ssosures were taken and aaforeed to keep the resyirad air .free from lead-laden 'du#t `mad fumes. This proved tobe the only effective control of pluhbiam. Dust control measures alone are not sufficient, but in addi tion adequate'respirators must be worn- Cleansing and clean habits era important. A list of suggested regulations is included. Industrial ^ygiens Digest . 13 256 Trsetasnt of Lead Poisoning. Conferences on Thsrapy. 1T.Y. State J. Mad., 43, 2099-2086 (Uovaaber l, 1943). -- The discussion emphasizes the facta that ingestad lead, espacially in : amounts* rarely causes poisoning because of poor absorption, and that tha greatar danger of lead poisoning exists when fumes are inhaled; thus Industry is the chief source of load poisoning. The prevention of poisoning is vary important. Control of exposure and proper industrial hygiene are .necessary, factors which control lead metaboliaa should he considered. The general state of health, and also nutrition, age, sex, and alcohpgfsa are all Important. Diagnosis of poisojj-' >*ay be difficult. Therapy, mssMiw^for puroly symptomatic treatment, is . on^jWievparallelism between thsn&fihita and lead streams. Lead is either ate^rjrom the b^s by a saW.uadeficient diet and drugs, and excreted^?oi is tlsxm/lji hxSp^od^h calcium and vitamin D diet. The fonaEShTs^ia the danger'xfif^splsod^irM^BCwto^Polsoning during treatment, while runs the dangs^oY t^i^Sgt^supply of lead remaining fixed in the SojgSbecoming mobilized and aftxtklntfeing episodes of acute poisoning, 267 The Pos .ty ^TSi id Alloys with a Lead-Tln. & Tox., 26, 22-28 ^ L944). ^ Its were usen$i a tcity of a lead-tin-antimony administered foitfc;^ _ containing 63*89 par cant lead, These rata, receiving jgB/part ^million of diet, proved to be qilte similar to the control g^o^fed bicel diet but no lead, with reapact to growth, concentration of 9in end the appearance of stippled cells as well as. with respect to' xl#ad stored in their carcasses. Rats fed an identical amount cont 300 parts of lead par sillion in the fora, of lead: aceS^CfcJteSIMt |lgns of lead poisoning; their car- cesses containedl^g\mounts concluded that ingested solder of the ccmpositictfn&'e^studled as a Is non-toxic for the rat. -- Authors* si C>) 268 ta in Soldering Opwre-einna Hazards Created by the 7ar- of Soldering end Practical Co Illinois Labor Bull., (October 31, 1943). production has required (1) an increase of solders as a tin "conservation measure from 30% to as* high as increase in ths us* of silver solder* Gas-heated soldering irons the danger of building up large quantities dross in their gas muffle; present a real lead hazard, The muriatic flux gives rise to irritating vapors exsatitis. Electrically- heated soldering irons use rosin which is an lrrltax&^^E^x. The soldering of condensers which hare beon treated with chlorinated vS|(gf^, esonta an added toxic vapor haxard* Sliver soldering may have heimful quantities of fluorides arise from the flux* Machine soldering Is used extsnaivsljti^ mskl ng tin cans. Tinning pots create a certain amount of irritating aoke bux?che control of the lead used by adequate exhaust will also eliminate tbs emoke nuisance. Also when solder Is removed in reclaiming motels by 'sweating,1' the lead in ths air la usually many times the mamma limit or 1.5 big* per 10 cu. m* Control measures in soldering operations come under the headings of good housekeeping proper hood ing and local exhaust,' and conscientious personal hygiene* 269 Carbon Tetrachloride - Part 2 of a Literature Study of Hanorts of Occupational Xajuries Attributed to Volatile Solvents* H.P. Quadland. Ind.Med., ^2, 821-829 (Decmtter, 1943). ... -- v * - In this paper both occupational injuries end othsr dsmages from earbon tetra chloride are reviewed. Brief mention la Bade of seme reports which are not in cluded in the table* ; .. Industrial QygLeae Digest - 14 270 Carbon tetrachloride Poiaoniw^ la a Parachute Plant. W.2. Doyle and C. Baker. lad. Mad., ^3, 184-192 (february, 1944). An outbreak of illness, involving 137 war workers occurrad la a plant manufactur ing nylon parachutes. The symptoms, aaael7, nausea, abdominal pains, vomiting, weakness, coughs, colds, headache, etc*, constitute the recognised symptoms of carbon tetrachloride poisoning la various stages* This cause was definitely es tablished after the elimination of other possibilities and an investigation into working conditions* It is believed probably that all the w&ployees are suffer ing from chronic or sub-clinical carboa2 tetrachloride poisoning. Raaedial meas ures advised are: (1) ImproveDen^f^uLtilatlon, which was inadequate because ^ of ffpwrts to conserve fuel; (2)<SidTny possible unnecessary soiling of and ^fcds limit tb&\use of cexfean tetrachloride; (3) Replace carbon tetragXLortd^" with nd^^b^c ble. (4) Provide containers for carbo^SiA^ chlorid#'4iliith ose when sot in use. (5) Persons wha id- ably expo^d chloride should: (a) Drink a quartdsFSa^ka day to increase t ib level, (b) Avoid greasy foode^s (m^VdTd the use of oily 1 .ever possible, rotate work to sral?prolong*d expo- sure. ( cohollc beverages. from Authors* nmTy 271 le Toxtclt^in I al Use, lad. Med., 12, 832-835 , 4943) . Jthiazole, an late: sulfathiaxole, may readily be absorbed by chemical m) amber of workmen exposed to air concentration ranging per eu. ft. (0.0036 to 0.11 mg. per liter} complained of eertail symptoms, ths commonest of which'were brown plantation of the nausea and vcsUting. A few woriccen, probably having develo] .fy, responded to ordinary exposure by a syndrome of sue iliog ser\B sickness, and consisting of severe itchina^fd^^red by severe lalns In ths joints which incapa- citated thcmfpr^mloda up to five ite recovery without residual folAdwse^ AuthorY s summary.'^. - .M f Inspired Radium ShLanation.^<?fr\^8aj< Schreuh and 3. Schraub. 30^ 489-492 (1942). (German). of experiments with mice, reports .o rations of conditions In pitchblende mine* sjylcate' mresults (Brit. X. Radiol., 12, 4, 1939) are appx^xtaat tB poisoning, and obRead and Mottraa's orrect. They are, however, untrustworthy because young instead of c were used, iasuffi cient mice were used for adequate periods, and. ts! conditions were in- adequataly contwlled. tbs toxic concentration of mice is.appyoxiSBtely 10*9 curie per cc. . % tion in aur fer 273 Intracellular Penetration of Bromide as a feature In ths e%t Alkyl Brcm- lda. D.P. Hlllr iM H. H^mrd. f.Ind.Hr.. . Tox.. 28~S^S-33 ID--c. ,1543; Methyl bromide is tydrolysed in the body with ths formation of inorganic bramie. In pert, this hydrolysis msy occur within ths intracellular fluid, resulting in a distribution of broaido different from that for brosUde given orally as sodium bromido. The systemic effects of matSyl bromide may thus be an unusual form cf bromidifli with intracellular penetration of bromide. A few experiments on ethyl bromide indicate tbsit it is less rapidly eliminated than methyl bromide and is also hydrolyzed .to a less: extant.; With the amounts administered there was no indication>ofan appreciable accumulation of bromide in ths intracellular water. The hydrolysis appeared to. occur predominantly in the extracellular fluids. - Authors' conclusions. ' Industrial I^rgisas Digest - IS 274 Dwflra of Methyl Chloride as Substitute for Freon. C.P, McCord and others. J.A.M.A., 124* 94 (January 8. 1944). Freon is ao longer available in any quantity for use as a refrigerant because of oilitory requirements. The best substitute for use in the same rose nanism is nethyl chloride. The following precautions should be observed when the- change must be made: (1) Methyl chloride is toxic and inflamable; (2} Do not use tethyl chloride where it will come in contact with aluminum or zinc; (3) Test the astern for leaks before charging wlthaethyl chloride; (4) Do not use a halide torch^when tosting for leaks after taPbystem has been filled with methyl chlor-^ idg^H^) Increase superheat settSSLof^Treon"-charged thermal expansion vsItj " to tSaxjimBg . (He4^orlflce max^e SMied to reduce capacity of valve); { 8) I^taf dxyer^liqul^l^e. 275 Toxicoloi (Methylene Chloride). I. Studies o DaUj^Ii_ ippel, P.A* Heal and others. J.Ind. 9-16 (Janu Several. rere exposed to 17 mg. per p.p.m.) of dl- chloi urs for 6 months. Then ao ^evidonco of toxic mac ..-3,., jurats' _ ;s, but a ret* wth rate of guinea a.ltered. , Mp .big_rpiflc_ lood .chang_es! in dogs or rabbits, anl in do^the arterial pfeiraiihs remained wlithhi!asao` S& limits, end no evidence of liver damage was givejfcjOy&of fiWp^teats. la another sorles of ex periments the .exposiff# 7$ weeks at 20 brs. per week. Two out of 4 dogs and 4 out developed liver injury, but none was sean in monkeys, rabbits orimKr^^ve^ of the effected animals died, appar ently from acute pulaonsso^M^|ionN^%)4dmaa. Repeated applications of di- chloromathama to tbrtbsad to hyperemia followed by scaly exfoliation. Datjm dr3^rwaehted5oncoace^rstioa of dichloremethene In the blood and urine of v^&ar^BimalSo Thasar^etoeri^ewe confirm other reports on tha comparatively^U^Kxiclty of dichlos^thane^^o data are available concerning the effa^^v^^kepeated exposures on Imn beifcw&Jbut from theso nnlmal exper- Imenps^^SuS tentatively suggested that^^yoaxiwm^llowable concentration for S^Boara^Kily exposure is 500 p.p.m. icolcgy of Djchlorcmethane (Methylene C Effect tJQftn Rim-ing Activity la the Male Rat L. A. Heppel and P ad. Byg. A Tox., 28. 17-21 (January, 1944). A concentration of 5,000 p.p.m. of!dichloromet, air causes a great dimiru tion In tha running activity of young male rats as in a standard type of revolving dn*. At this concentration the _ not show any depressant affects-by ordinary inspection. It is suggested that ^explication of perform ance testa might be a useful adjunct in determining permttMble concentrations of toadc solvent vapors*- -- Authors* suaaary. --^ 277 Petroleum Solvents and~ Trichlorethyiene. Part 3 of tha Literature Study of 5e- ports.of.Occupational Diseases Attributed to Tolatile Solvents. H.P. <uadlana. lad. Med.. 13. 45-51 (January. 1944). TM '..... ; The'case, study covers only inhalation cases, and therefore excludes cases that have' occurred through ingestion of petroleim distillates. Sc American cases :f trichlorytlylene prior to" 1937: could be found. .. 278 Effect of Trichlorethvlene on the Human. Rabbit Hectrocardlogrsa._ 3\P.Mallach and- others. Aa.-Esart 1. , 26. 377-384 11943). Ih dogs and rabbits thsrs was a marked slowing of the heart rate, ectopic beats and alterations In the P and T waves. No significant electrocardiographic and blood pressure changes in normal human subjects or patients with cardiovascular Industrial Hygisns Digest - 16 279 g*T-d of Tetrachlorethans on Shipboard. N.E. Jriedman. U.S. Naval Med gull 41, 1792-95 (Jfavwbsr, 1943). ' `' Sufficient quantities of tstrachlorethane may be absorbed through the sicln to produce complete necrosis. la the Navy, this substance is used &s a solvent for organic substances in the impregnation of gas protective clothing. It may be used with safety in properly designed and oaintainsd equijment if there is ade quate ventilation* avoidance of breathing the vapor or skin contact, and no in ternal use. The vapor is persistent in storage spaces, and thus ventilation nay 282 An TTnuenwi Ce of Tyiait-wptoluene (TOT) Polsoninm. W.D (ally. J. lad. Hyg * Tox. 26, 35 (January, 1944)* :; The author reports a case of TOT poisoning in which the exposure consisted at dust settling on exposed parts of the body*. Manifestations included yellow color, dermatitis, bleeding and running, ofthe nose, bronchitis, headache, uer- TOusness, fatigue, constipation and.hseorrhage under the akin of tbs dogs* which were not exposed* The mas* s condition returned, to noansi after rowral from ex posure. The saall aBmher of , csses of lOT; and_ tatryl poisoning is undoubtedly du#,to.:the excellent work of^ths industrial. hygienists end nedictl directors of the various plants* ' ..... . .... - . Industrial Selene Digest - 17 283 Chioro hydrocarbon Spirenta. E.w. McGovern. Ind. ng. Chem., 33, 1230-1239 (tecabtr. 1943). ' Included la a comprehensive paper oa the properties of chlorohydrocarbon solvents is a section on toxicity. The toxlcities of a nu&ber of the solvents in them selves are^of the same order of magnitude, but carbon tetrachloride and ethylene dichloride are practically more toxic than other liquids of somewhat higher molecular weight on account of their higher vapor pressures. Methyl and ethyl chlorides hare low toxlcities, but, bejng gases at ordinary temperatures, the effect of leakage is a high eoncentjjanwn, of the vapors with increased fire and .health hazards. Chloroform, betarfjrT&^orothane, and especially tetrachloret} ponders high toxlcities, sad must\M)u3ed with precautions although their vi ** Ia bsafM. beings should not be exposed to at in whim^tho odofs^Sf chijwjwjpko carbons are detectable. However, thSy^aa^oe all renitydd agfeugy)properly designed equipment. DaJM'$tL^ekin con tact ai^t&lo^posi3jCTfc^lK^ghr_ temperatures with fomatlon qfwdjsftorlc sub stances are^isi^av^^^sfiy, as are also methods of. detec 284 Sodsman and H.L. 'ew Orleans Med, it organic alveolar regions end. p: the nature of the stiaul reaction, remain obscure. lung is repo: r with the findings at lung.' The appears to be that of an of bagasse may enter the The oechanla of the changes, aid sgasse dust to produce the cellular 285 Pneunocondos!s and Work: Mines. Brit. Mad. J. No. 4316, 395-39 6 (September 2, The Committee onjamaj^jal Pulmonary Dis_ bean unable to draw final con- elusions oh cautt&tfnr differehces^f^, in of pneumoconiosis in the South Wales co^fifi^jJv^rothracite dust is^a/j. than that of bituminous mines, The mosts^ro^rent measure in prevent!^ ction of dust breathed by the To this end, the cceml ttee'^d^cat _ pries of procedures which ^ sed In this article: (1) aaint&sros of iuats ventilation, (2) use r to prevent dust dispersion, (3) *M^r^rg < in roadways and at w ng points, (4) reduction of shot-firingml with fewest possible men exposed, (5) regulation of ripping processes, veatlon of chill . during spake Journeys# : ' 286 liquefaction Kscroala In Bilateral S^mmetfit QwgldiisTate Lesions of Anthmcc- slllcoals of LuasK lbreott of Case. B.J. McCloakev. Roentgenol.. 50. 42-45 (July> 1943). !" It la ths intention of the author to show that the correo$0}nterpretation of the sentges appearance of necrosis and cavitation in the cong^ov^ate lesions of anthracosilioosia may be vary difficult. A case la reports^? showing these le sions, uncomplicated by tuberculosis. The only know, exposure to silica was whan the man worked as a pick miner in a soft coal nine for a period of 12 years and there was no exposure for a period of 44 years before hie death. The roentgen ologic appearance of tbe necrotic areas was that of consolidation or pleural thickening. At sutopejr each cavity was found to contain thick,, black, viscid fluid, which 'showed no free allies on examination. Iranination of ths canty , wall and surrounding lung tissue showed a content of 0*25 par cant silica* 287 A'New Radldloaib-Soclal Classification of Pulmonary 3tliMsla. R.Lorce and others. Bol. da la oficlna sanitaria oansmsrlcana. 22. 976-861 (Nbvber. 1943).(Spanish . Ths authors review the principal systems of classification of silicosis, includ ing that of Irvins and that adopted at the International Conference in 1930. They Industrial Hygisoe Digest - 13 than propose the following classification, reducing tbs tight groups to firs: (l) expos^ but showing no silicosis; (2) suspicious; (3) confimsd phaas So. 1, initial nodular fibrosis; (4) 'confirmed phase No. 2, aarksd nodular fribrosis; (5) confirmed pbass Mo* 3, confluent nodular fibrosis. 236 Asbestosia and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. R. Desowules and other*. Laval med., a, 217"(March, 1943). (Trench). Asbestos!s is an occupational disease cauaed by the inhalation of asbestos dust, It is diagnosed by the presence of estos bodies in the sputum, and is charac- tericzed by tha transformation lung tissue into fibrous tissue, tc^^sThppear usually fire to se s after the beginning of exposure, asbSetpais ai^t^berculos^fE^tp in 8 workers exposed to asbestos^xatX 20 yei^s^ rn ases asbestosia was masked by tubercul^is^A 289 Loeis 'sad perialveolar of asbestosia appe matter could not be. R. Eesoeulea and M. GdwusSjHCa1val Med. nchl. i . /A Yg$ old man is given who had woffed^Por 20 years in an s he had developed preddfctive^ough which increased was admitted to tc^bwtal he started to run t. The dlnlpaJi^&at&sls of ulcers-fibrous confinsed^M^eifotopey. Diffuse peribronchial seeKrYCvTa believed that the fint symptoms ariM&djii''v symptoms of tuberculosis, but tbs 290 Asbestosia Bodies. , 8, 239 (Kerch, 1943). (french). The " curi^usbodies" patients suffering from.pulmonary .asbestosis usually !2 to 24 mu but can be as large as 250 Sri* They coasgs- bestos which is covered by a golden- yellow substaw^cSas^ning iron a pigs and one dog were exposed to inhalatjWhT^^rabestos dust. Asbestosis t develop in the rabbits cor in the guinea pigs showed," 2$Mgr sal weeks, macrophages with asbes- tos in their alveoli. Srythrodxjc^sap. > the alveoli, and heaoglo- ratives containing iron could bif-tfj ^ onfgsBmstos fibers two to three after the begimlng of the inhalat stoa dust. When a sus- sion of asbestos in olive oil was inject scutg$d0Ualy or into the testi "cles of guinea pigs no asbestos bodies were er, if first one cc. of blood was injected end then the asbestos the same needle, asbes tos bodies could be found one month later, tos of asbestos bodies in the Sputta 1* believed to be a definite sign of p asbestosis. 291 Coincidence of Primary Carcinara of the Lunas and Asbestosis. ?3bmbu?gerw As. X. Path. 1_9_ 797-807 ..(.S...e..p..t.e..m.. ber, 14-- In themedical literature there are now at least 19 known<^ee of asbestosis ; associated with primary pulmonary carcinoma. In 4137 autopsies at the pathology laboratory at Tale University School of Medicine, there were 45 cases of pulmon ary carcinoma in the years from 1918 to 1938. Asbestosis was diagnosed 8 times, silicosis 17 times. Pulmonary carcinoma was found in 4 of the 8 casts of asbes- : tosis and twice in the 17 silicotic cases. Despite the high correlation of the - foreign body asbestosis in the lungs with jprtmary pulmoasry-carcinoms, this is a small series of esses and the value of these date is limited. Three cases are given in detail. The diagnosis of pulmonary asbestosis was dlsgaosed according to the following criteria: (1) fibrosis of the lung and (2) presence of asbea- tosis bodies. Industrial hygiene Digest - 19 292 Asbeetoals. L. Rousseau. Laval Mad., Q, 233 (March, 1943). (french). The radiological ploture of pulmonary asbestosls is aot characteristic; it is * usually similar to that of tuberculous fibrosis. The diagnosis is, therefore, often made only after asbestos bodies have beon found In the sput\a. Asbestos fibers any be seen In the sputa of individuals who do not suffer from asbestosls; asbestos bodies are due to a pathologic tissue reaction. Microscopical examina tion of the lungs of patients who hare died from an intercurrent disease may show asbestosls, which bad not been found on X-ray examination. The case history of a 42 year old man with asbestosls without tuberculosis is given. The patient had been sorting in the asbestos. industsggfor 18 years, for 2 years tha patient had heen^&fferlng from Increasing cgd^h^fpectoration and dyspnea. Roentgenoloj ;lon showed;mottling of bot&Lungs* Sputa and gastric examinations " tdbeatoe bodies were found in the 293 Tox., 2, 61-63 (febru The author, describes a metric measurement air containing cyanide, a concentration, aa low million, higher coneen ~ upon the chan milll-oicrons, wbjfe decreases with Lambert law.^rasy itails of collect! Lester. X. Ind. Hyg. it 'termination based upon the colorifozmed from methanoglobin exposed to 1 liter is sufficient for determining with an error of 0.1 parts per The colorimetric measurement dethmooglobln at wave length 535 in accordance with the Beersnatlon procedures are gi7en. _r- of Ai-r Contamin Ind.Med., 13, 10C-103 sis of air for various coataninan rary use, is described briefly. The si substances produced for and midget impinger Cy be used for the collection of aomonlva plb^te, toluene, tetryl, UJT, nitroglycerine, morcury fulminate, tracer bullet uorldes, metal fumes, chlorinated hydrocarbons and war gases. ' sts after collection are indicated very briefly. The Shepherd bottle is usi collecting substances such as nitrogen oxides or benzene, as one type of ampler. The elactrc- static precipitator and the benzol indicator are disci -^briefly, with mention of other: special methods* 295 Analysis of Atmospheric Contaminants Containing Nitrate OrUufclaxs. S. Yagoda and ?.H, Goldman* J. Ind. Byg. * Tox. 25, 440-444 (Deceabef, 1943). Methods are described, for the estimation of nitroglycerine^ PXQf (pentaerythritol tetranltrate) , nitrous f\ms, and asimoniia nitrate in atmosphere* arising from manufacturing processes. The analyses are based on the nitration of m-xylenol in 62.5* sulfuric add and the colorimetric determination of the aitro-xylenol isolated by a simple steam distillation* -- Authors* sugary* 296 Dust Measurmunt^ l.flrgiAmm. Arch.techJCessen Lfg. T.152,2 (1941) .(Serman) Dust measurement lir'possible "wli&lt'bi'^Tyndaltometer by detealnation of the in tensity of the schttifbd light of the dusty atmosphere. Calibration curves for the various sorts of dust must be made because the effects of slse, foam and op tical surface effects of the dust particles must be eliminated to secure an ncetiyate wiwtrtTPweimt Industrial Sygiene digest - 20 297 m^-^w^ical Petaimlnatlon of Mareury, A, Stocfc. Mifcrochiie rer. Jtikrochia. Acta. ,128-136 (1941}. "" . . In determining less than one-tenth of a aicrogrsm of mercury, tbe author ftels that the presenee of mercury in the air is the principal causa of arror. Cc- Plata directions are given for getting the mercury in a sample into solution, precipitating with hydrogen sulfide .and carrying out the electrolytic detetmina- tioa recos&onded in previous papers. To remove excess chlorine it is best to beat with 20% bydrorylaoine hydrochloride solution. The presence of considerable hydrochloric acid in the electrolyte Jetfs no ham and the vol**e nay be as large as XOjJvml. Under proper conditionargCt^rosject to distilling off the mercury, restra*)accurate to one-tenth. nic^amaTcan. be obtained witimut the use of 1; air foe^oling^All reage^tSF^iaeo^should be carefully teated for narcujgrt ^ plifioc^g^ptiona^^r ca^^^^/out tha tests era described. Tbe prooWS&re^JWcom- nasded by^Mith and^JiaC&Yl^is no simpler than that recocs&esded bg^ic^ii.ihjor and is lee^kdcurahA^^&deterninlng quantities under one mic: 296 IaffpOk^^haa La >be? ha si'Vfe IJeveloped vicm indicate-that the borfiood of 20 p.pisu Ijaldahl reaction in. wtic' is aads strongly alkaline ing, the acrylonitrilris into a standard acid so ,ts of Acrylonitrile In Air 0^#jp*rtarsen and H.S. 53-&4(Jan ure of one type of It* method for air analy- tba U* 3. Public Health Serr acrylonitrile is in tba aeighthod depending upon a modified* lution containing tba'acrylonitrile with hydrogen perioxlde. Upon reflux- atiTely to onia, which is distilled and precautions era given. 299 Photoelectric P 5. SilTerman^^^^^sg. Ctea., Ann^. The autbor^iiSnfeftr an absorption p. ~ Tri-Per<AMy*r by 7.f. Sanson. In tl&^> utiiAg&i^&nb is sensitive for carbon df atmospheric constituents* Tbe 2 to 200 p.p.m* Tbs accuracy is approximately one minute. tba Atmosphere. September, 1943). same principle as tbe absorption band is affected appreciably range of concentre time of detexmiaa- Tbs fllargraob?. A Recording.Derice to facilitate___ Micrometry* 2*0. Paines. I. Ihd.--gyg. & Tox 2^. 64-67 tFebruary. 1944). 3y use of- thefilargraphesingleoperatorcea conreniS^Ly perform all tbe operations of fllar Bicrcmotry without tbo eyestrain or&tffirtly associated with this woric., Tha filargwm ls a conrenient, pentaaant inke^juMrd of aeasuranents which allows ona to separata particle measurements into size groups with ease and rapidity* ,, Tba time. required for a sarias of aaasui^fcants is reduced by at least two thirds.' Data , obtained - with the filargrapb ta in vary gsod agree- sent with,that obtained with the filer aicroaater aloBe. 301 the TTse of thsMlcroscop# in Particle Size Analysis- G*L* fairs* Chan, and Indust.. 62. 374^76 (0ctobag 2. 1943)T (Londonl . ...... * The.auther discussee in detail nieroscopicprocodurea for particle site analysis. One interesting detail is that.fact that sodiA Tapor light reduced eyestrain, and improved resolution, aadtherafore tbewritar used it. as * standard for bis meas urements# Results are compared with turbidimeter and pbotosadimantatlon appar atus* The turbidiaeter requires less tlom but is sot as satisfactory for parti cles between 0-10 mesons* * I&dustnal Rygiene Digest - 21 Control Methods 302 Control of 7/elding Fumes la Shipbull 13, 103-103-(January. 1944H ~ T. Rosenfeld. ind. Med., Tis/fcallowlng facts war* a result of air sampling and analyst iQor shipyjB'da; (1) Where\sS) control measures in the font of exhaus xl^T concentrations of aatallio fumes, piuSa ased from welding* operations on galvadlie^fieel. ungalvanized materials only ferri^^J^^iusta and A number of Illnesses of a respinato^sC&aracter were dea and carbon monoxide ware gftgjiaMrnegligible. (5) oxygen depletion. Control a2g3pefadvised are the equipment and air-\}pirfx ventilation. The latter arc welding on Respirators may be ly csposurqaartte*^ duration* 303 Gleim.' U,S. Bureau of 1 Briefly the conclusions a mine floor do not make not dependable; (3) ft tance of all ground the spring; .(3) ia^ >nenc* conductor shcyjf^xb* >nnected to Mines. ?*X. Griffith and f.J. , Mo. 3734. 13 pp. (Peckber,, 1943). work ares (1) metal parts resting on und; (2) a single peg or rod is track Is satisfactory; (4) the resls- tozmlned periodically, especially in f suitable conductor, a separate ctrode of known resistance. 304 Use andLAt f Flame Safety lamns.x U,S. Bureau of Mines, Inf. " 7271, 14 pp. (January, cal accidents are mentioned, acts or careless use of lamp. The historical development leap Is given briefly modern lamp and its proper operation Coal companies axe to ask# certain that all persons who s ranoroughly familiar with their construction, proper esscably and correct hod orInspection and testing; also to insist on proper training of all persons'^ duties require thee to test for. gal- Other precautions include pro hibiti< f smoking and carrying matches underground and employing only persofts with vision for gas testing. 303 Accidents Due to Misuse of Srploeives. 0. Barrington an^lH. Best, Jr. U. Bureau of Minest Cir, Mo. 7259 14 pp* (Motber, 194$) Fourteen-accidents, many fatal, at widely separate localitiot, and with varied causes, are described, as aamples of sob* of; the, foolish things that should not bo done when explosives are handled or used. Quoting from the etamaxy, "Ultimate ly rigid laws should be enacted requiring that all persona who engage in blast ing; shall havea certificate of competency!*sued by the State after the appli cant has passed a rigid examination embodying fundamental facts on the character istics and hazards of explosives." .. . .. r - - ; 306 Fire Control in \wa Voundriss. R.l* Thrjae. Am. Foundrymen1 # Assoc., Reprint 43-36, pp. 109-123 11943).. JU . . As a result of a series of' experiments and actual magnesii* fire ertinguishisg experience, the msgnesiist foundry, with which the author is connected, developed Industrial Sygiene Digest - 22 307 of Inflammability end Ignition Temperatures of Acetic Anhydride. g.w. Jones, ?.* Scott sad G.S. Scott. 0.3, Bur. of Hines, Kept. Invest., Ho. 3741 (December, 1943)* The tperaturea between which air saturated with acetic anhydride vapor forma inflammable mixtures were found to be 47.3 and 74.4 C. (117 and 166 ?.). These data correspond to concentrations of 2.67 and 10.13% by vol\se. All aixtures between these percentages at-the temperatures given above are inflammable. The flash point by the standard closed cup tester was found to be 124 ?. (51C.) Tho ignition temperatures were foundJp be 392 C. (738 7.) in air and 361 C. (6S2P,?.) in oxygen. -- Authors* 308 Signal Atmas and Bureau?? The ci warning occurred* yy*>ases. W.J. 7ene and 3.7. Weaver. r, 7262, 8 pp. (Sovmnber, 1943). alams and power releases which a u~ power when any interruption <inv 309 .eld l^^of quieting this recommendations ere for Airplane Bogin# D. 7itzxoy. 106-113 (October rpiaae engine yiug to the personnel of stance* The difficult prob- iaveetigation* findings and . 310 The Means for Seducing ___of the Quicksilver Vapors in the Air - of Working Rooms of Haaufa frucfrne Individ"** &, j,. Sklianskoya-Vasilievsk k^JfiSfch, Moscow, Boa. 1-2, 37-40 (1942). (Russian) In factories eng ets of surgical dressirgs it was found, that ..the shops contained concentration of mercury. This case from d _ _ ion of sublimate^j^iutio from dust arljing during the . cutting g# GSB^ ated gauze* The.c baa an affinity for chior- ins, jirarontth combines, during the sg and drying, and therefore set free; the iron free mercury is deposited at t Tom the autoclave rooms and the drying utodave acts in a similar nts of hot air eacapmercuxy vapor into ther shops. By enclosing the autoclave and and-by isolating-tha drying and autoclave shops cupboards in exhaust chambers, otwr'parts of the factory, great reduction was effeoted in the amount of me in the air. It was also found that the addition of sodim chloride to bichi' .e of aercury, to facill- tate solution, tended to force metallic mercury out f~t^e compound when the latter was heated; iodine compounds have only one-ten chloride in this respect*. The author suggeete that blc the effect of sodium could be dissolved in boiling water (in which It is readily soluble) Is an chmber, and that cooling should also take place in an exhaust chamber, e it is in theso processes that noxious vapor is likely to be given off* 311 ~ The Prevention of Lead goiao^nw in Bjaat-Turhaoe Operations* Bauer. Reicbsar- : beltsblatt 22* 1X1. Arbeitsschutz. 337-342 (1942). (German). Ordinarily the danger of lead.poisoning from this source is sot very serious; however, there is scaao danger with those furneces which produce special grades of iron that are made from raw material contemning lead* A typical case is the ..Duisburg Shchofeswerk which processes the so-called "Purpurerz," The lead con stant of the'iron dross was 0.8-0.9% originally; however, the use of a new alkali ' process which dissolved the lead by means of a concentrated eodli* chloride sol j' ^ tlon lowered the lead content of the iron, dross to 0.18-0.20%. This nsw process Industrial Hygieae Bigest - 23 increased tbs cases of lead poisoning which, was traced back to the fact that in tUi new process the lead la converted to volatile load chloride which exacpes partly into the- atmosphere* This danger was overcome by powerful mechanical ven tilation and the use of full instead of partial gas masks* 312 The Safe Handling and Storage of &rdrofluorlc Acid. C.M. Pehr. Chem. lads. 53, 505-510 (October, 1943). Pstrolevn Refiner 22 . 239-44 (August, 1943), Oil and Gas J., 42, 39-40, 41-2 (Juljr^2, 1943). The principal properties of enbydroitiPcydrofluorlc acid are given, in their reii tionshlp to the problem of hendl^SL<Eraa boat materials for construction of. weH'found, by laboratory and pilot plant to be a thoroughly deoxidized steel* laboratory equipment* Copper is satierhdt^f? in silver and platinum may be amp^S&^kere con- atisfactory materials are also meatlaraV^&etalls con- pacity of shipping containers A JMKge vessels are rous hydrofluoric add uqt b^Ka^canpllshed either by an Inert gas or h&^Jqplt&V Types of piaps and use wherever possible of equipmehJ^'W^fiMnded safety practices in- cinpe: careful sel aepectloa of premises and equivalent, instructio use of certain articles of clothing made of or coat vlslos of water for washing tools and automatic safety sho first aid abody principles similar to those given above* All to be used only as naans of reducing injury and mitigating s the arrival of a physician fami- liar with the tfeatae 313 Safety Precaut News, 35 1943). ^ Safety o be used In storage tank pling and tasting are di Starr, Hat. Petrolaim cessing operations, loading ted Compounds Precautions In Handl lad. Med., 13, 110 ahuary, 1944) The precautions presented for handling chloro^&dpht&sl oro-dlphenyl, and related chlorinated compounds are applicable aisc^p op ions where analogous materials are oployed^ This .group of synthetic V has certain characteristic toxic properties, whose action causes a fozm.of ac oh is more widely dis tributed on the body then cosmos, acne* Preventive hes are classified as mechanical and hygienic* The former consist of good ^ taping throughout the plant, an enclosed type of equipment,. *ad Installation exhaust ventilation. Personal hygienic measures ore those generally obah" where dermatitis may result from exposure to toxic chtsicals* Claeses of 1 Lduals who should not be employed on this work are listed* . 3l5 Germicidal Aerosol's for Post tfar Air Conditioning? f.W. Hutchinson* Heat. k Vent* 4^, 58-60 (January, 1944). .' Present air codditionlag processes are hot noteworthy for their effectiveness in deiihlishing pure and Afresh* indoor atmospheres* One proposed method of im proving thls condition is through use of finely atomized mists of solutions hav ing pleasant odors and bactericidalpbwer* Development work on such germicidal Aerosols 'has' been accelerated as a consequence of the wer and there is now a distinct possibility that such aerosols may become a standard part of post war Air doadlttonlhg installations* -- Author's nxsoary* Industrial l^rglene Bigest - 24 31 ftfld_Atai05rhTlc Pollution. Dfense Ventilation and Air Condltin&ing Problmtf7 C*2, foglou,. Chairman. American Public Health Assoc., Report of Com mittee. Am. X. Pub. Health. 33. 859-561 {July* 1943). ?or nail workshops and factories that am ventilated by natural methods several types of blackout ventilators have been developed which obscure tha outward pas sage of light without obstructing the air flow too ouch. Air conditioning of gun turrets aboard fighting ships has speeded up the firing rate by removing powder fuses and.keeping the temperatures dog# Submarines and sick bays of surface ships $re now copied in tropical wjtiriuo overcome temperatures of 90 to 95*T- and ^kt^dities approaching the snS^tl&a point. Among the new development; -lad butea ducts, helcondults system of ventilation which ocitlea through, mull conduits instei ive centrifugal airwasher is being desyl^tT for decost cal war gases and mists by centri^ugfaqS^and counter* current -was wall and roo al solutions. Complete bouse including Addition to weather stripping,fmi| ve ss much as 50* of 317 U4-130U n's Assoc., Reprint Titleal characterise the ease with which it can ^a Therefore the' which magnesium dust may be formed must be provided with hull takas. The author describes such sys- terns Is some detail for use ipal stages of fabrication of magne- slum castings. Including bufflag and grinding, filing cf stands and flexible sh& ety precautions are rocounoended: (1) totally enclosed a&ibxj/s ) all equipment should be grounded; f 3) -a protecUvejjUvtt^saould pr unless the liquid flow is cor rect; (4) equipm^r^frr magnesium s ed for ferrous metals until cleaned; {5)/^p*rynT care should be eaee: cutting torches, the author Hj&roSe the question of oil v_, _ collecting medium, p6intttj^S& their relative advantages, one to tha exclusion, o^43\nyter, believing that the advantage*^ * t necessarily ;usti- tgp additional expense. (This position ticised in the discus _ s by C.C. Hermann, who considers the libe es when aagnesi-ja is torod under water a definite hazard, and insi Hectors ployisg water should be vented. > ~ . 313 Dirty Aprons and /loor Bust are 3gotfed as Silicosis Reuter. :eraa, Xnd., g>- 34* 37 .(4brunrrr 1944) . . . .. . . ... This: 1* a brltf account of the control of silicosis Co, At the beginning of the survey the employees and theJ that silicosis is no cause for discharge, and. that mild caai Buffalo Pottery OB were assured silicosis are not aggravated - by conditions controlled within an ecceptsble"minimi. After a thorough dust, yurv.ey,. steps were taken to remove the dust hazards, including: Uhfurnishing clean,apTona daily;. (2) '.daily scrubbing of floors; 13) machines to eliminate the hand batting-out operation; (4) wire gratings on finishing benches; (5) grated bench tope for special betting-out operations; (6) change of -speed in exhaust fane; nai A?) isolation of dusty processes.. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 25 Industrial Uadicol Practice 319 Occupational Disease - Tha Approaches to an Adequate Study. J.0. Townsend. lad. Usd., 13, 132-135 (February, 1944), The following are key points to occupational disease situations: In an approach to an adequate study of ,ve a sound workable program. (2) Be with all phases of wo plant. (3) Snow the occupational di; law ts^jpur j uri^diction. tAk Pa; . the proper diagnostic tests. {! data tftoZe ^the^hjhaact 1 (5) Record your observations. (?) Ret case, ^Bk#as co review the literature. (9) Coopera] list the ease probl ears and safety men in solving knot hall with, the local practitioner. - :lonal dlsrecapltu- latlon. ' 320 39-tfl|943 Sh hazards' these are car motor vehicles and solvents and cleaning and furfttrml), and dustry. ' , '' '' Wft-a--r-ti-m---e---I-n----S--w--o-d--e-n--. Ind. Safety Survey ths uss substitutes are discussed, of producer gas both in used as a fuel, substitute i, trichloroethylene, carbon disulfide .ture polishes and in the munitions, in- 321 Industrial Hygiene ^ Public Health. Service. 32 pp.{1943) This Is a book of ^ef^nhotographa, pamphlets, posters and films distgf&k&^y Public HealtS^erv^c^kv The photographs, dealing with silicosis hsfiu^p^bysical exaainatiatMj. pla^jrhpuaakseping, the fur felt hat iaduatry^aq<gA few other hazardous oaq^tionafk^e reproduced in the book, as are ,ar?PwJaf the posters. Led Woman Worker. Alabama State ranuary, 1944). . The absentee 'rate for women, which1 has been c is a problem.of. iaqportonce* A suggestion for tion of a maternal, health program." .Some recocme of such policies are outlined. Mod., 13, 94-93 gher than that fer men problem is ths adop ts to guide the formation 323 Factors in Seducing Industrial Absenteeism. E.O. Robesttss? Executives Sern; Bull. (Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.) 2^. 3-4 (Kovemhej^^943). Serval, Inc., when confronted with, absenteeism on converttu@to war production, adopted a plan which does not inflict penalties on abseateO^out rathsr plans incentives and awards for "presentees." The plan is substantially an attendance contest, with prizes to the individual with 6 months' and 1 year's perfect atten dance, record, and plaques to ths departsents with the best attendance. The success of the plan is evidenced, by the decrease in absentee rate from 10.C2* to 5.79JS from April to July. Nutrition and recreation progwm* have aided in bring ing about success... . . . . 324 Frequency and Duration of Disabilities Causing* Absence from boric Among the Ba- ployees of a Public Utility. 1956-1942. W.M. Gafsfsr. Pub.Health Septs., 58, 1554-1560 (October 15, 1943). ~ Absences on account of industrial injuries have increased during this period, while absences for non-industrial injuries have decreased. The armne! industrial Industrial Hygian* Digest - 26 injury rates for females art consistently lower than tht corresponding rates for males, while their non-industrial rates are consistently higher. The fire-year average for the number of days per sale absence on account of industrial injuries Is approximately 32 days, the corresponding average for famalea being 36. Hbniadustrial injuries show fire-year averages of 11 and 14 days for males and fe males respectively, Thera is also shown a positive correlation between the move ment of the reepiratory disease rate and the rat4 for all sideness. It appear* that for all the males as well as for t* females the digestive diseases contri bute least to the* average annual amber of days absent per p9rson; the respiratory group and tho non-respiretory-non-digewtive group, on the other hand, yield larger rate* .and are similar in magnituda^eSkoth sexes. 323 Workers. Thiyd Obiter of 1943. S. Public Health Service, (February, er absentee rates for 1943 with th^&g^^dnding few exceptions an increase for The longer on account of sickness foOn-industrial which Is an increase of tfSl jywr last year, greatest gain, and j&| diirftive the least. tory diseases reasing as it baa since ve. gains in diseases, diseases of tbs the tries, nephritis, bronchitis These Increases are attri- of youths and older workers! some excluded from the axaed forces. 326 Absentee!m of_Induatrl State Med. Soc., 4, TO? (^ptmber, 1943^v\\) ^ J : Court presents basW o: absenteeism saoeg indus- trial jerkers. ^^ilmg^th# increase has been in respiratory diagnoses, major elassifi about stable. From . 1939 throdgmasS; respiratory dime the aost frequent and the onlymajor cause of disabili? universal use of supple- and the wide avallablll does not seem to have meh. One of the charts shows men the time lost in from short tern sideness, serious sld tlonal accidents and Occupational accidents. The relative unim; st category is ob- vious. Recent public statements by poorly have exaggerated the importance of industrial accidents by 1,000 per c vre. Another chart compares the stable rat# of serious sickness among era, with a sharp increase In short tea absenteel mi fetors factory workhas occurred ancsg these workers* An analysis of this rapidly increasing term absenteeism shows that the workers themselves give personal sickness he reason for sou attendance in about two thirds of all cases, with sickness' _ ther members :f the family end other personal needs asking up the rmrslnrier.^ When this short term personal absence (alleged to: be mostly sickness) is analyzed day b7 day it Is found that It is heavily concentrated on Saturdays and Mondays. These days average about, twice the lost time rate that is shown on payday each week. Thus It appears that. the. type of! absentesisi which is currently most disturbing - that Is, short term absenteeism - is usually attributable to sickness which reaches epidemic proportions around., ths: week- end* Another striking fact about personal lost time is that abseuteeismis. concentrated osg a few worker* who compose a ? chronic .fringe having more than their share of time offs- One obvious character istic is the relative youth of the group.:.- Aplant physician may be able in an Industrial $rgixx digest - 27 important number of cases to help effect soma reorientation of the individual's understanding of his job or his boo* problems which will enable him to cope better with those temptations which load to excessive *weefc and sickness" and ral&tad types of absence* 327 gs_ychosqpatlc_ICediclne and tha General Practitioner* O.H. Stevonsoa. Caned, tted. Assoc, J., 49, 488-492 (December, 1943). Tha author classifies psychic features in disease as follows: (1) delirious states (psychoses) dua to toxemias affecting the brain; (2) delirious states due to organic brain disease; (3) .delirious states due to constitutional predisposi tion, acted on adversely by eavirorfcal stresses, and (4) mental factors com-* ?llc*?in6 or In part causing, aqt^fcl ps^sical disease. Each class is then sujr^s. diri4#^ with ao^t attentionmiveKib psychoncuioses which cose under tha tfSrfc'- class^^heir te$)meat cg^I^ps essssaenntially of finding and removing thh^c^Son- al fac '.......... " ntaeat of physical aspects, Psychot simple to be well must be developed in pa be arous persuasion, example and onco 328 The Psvc (Sept The turn to the current the factors which iafl have a bearing on his the psychiatrist will able adviser to those organization of the e al Organization, 100 . 286-287 bis part in activities. On the ad- fsal bo .ua his special contrlbu- ife* VIth a closer grasp of the industrial worker, and which and of solidarity with hie fellows. Us individual patient and a more valu es to mould the industrial end social 329 The Care of Mon-Qcca^g 13,129-130 (?tartd^l944) . When wnrtia^^pnnuions sake it access turn to tift^^Qatmedical .'dopartsent ment sg2nWjmfiee its industrial physic pmfe&clan-patlent relationship ady be rented to the physician for t time when the physician is not on duty whether treatment is part of industrial medic the physician* A. kcCauslaad. lad. lied., oyees and their families to personal illnesses nanageo treat patients on a pnof the plant medical errice should be given The question as to t be determined by 330 Health for Your Workers* A Yardstick for~keasurinaJklth Services in Your Plant. Committee on Industrial Health, Health Advisory Coiwsfri*)Chmti&er of Commerce of tha United States- 9 pp. Ho date* ^ .. This is an industrial self-evaluation form for the use ot^3)*iaee concerns that want to deteimina for themselves the adequacy of their h*a||$)care, or are plan ning to Inaugurate or expand their health progrmu. It is hot a questionnaire and Is not intended fox return* - A spect for yes', ao end remarks is provided for each question considered* For instance, the first point Is physician, full time, part time, or on call, yos or no for each* Sections A, Personnel and ^ B, Quarters and Equipment, ere not scored, but a score Is provided is Section c. Health Activities and Services* . . < . , 331 Precision Necessitates FitaeeaA Medical: and Surgical Service and a Vision Program. H.G* Gardiner and .0, Sappington* :lnd* Had*, 138-142 (Feb.,lS44>. The evolution of a-standard industrial medical and surgical service in a modern precision industry 1* described briefly, supplemented by illustrations of layout, equipment and forma, In this establishment, because of tba nature of the and the necessity fox- visual fitness, Jhe visual grografr devs^g^wltMn^ year. Industrial ifrgiana Digest - 28 332 An Industrial Medical Department - Organization and Atealatratiofl. M.HManson. lad* Med., i, 84ft-aea (D#cbr, 1943)* 7 ` Information is presented relative to the amount of floor space, equijaent and operating coats for a. medical office la a plant employing approximately 1500 >rortcora. The size of the industrial aadlcal staff dopands upon aararal factors, ariUcii era described* Tba phase of administration considered la the matter of selection of the director - whether*he should be a physician or a layman. The relationships of the industrial physician with management, employees, the legal department, the employment and safot^fpartmeats, and organized labor are also explained* . .. ^ 333 Pre-J Calif. int motions; . - Findings at Douglas Aircraft. ,64 (September, 1943). ' The examination oi !ant embraces a "strip" physical, exaoinati ed females. Smears are taken wl Special ey#^gaBGUtt?for visual acuity, Keystone testiuk ta^elor testing, using staa harts are performed. A routln{r2l4v*$late cheat X-ray is other areas where iadlca^g# Nwoutine Kahn blood **>j*m**%$# bioo> count is made. AnnSxwsls is complete for all be _ ordered on fce^uS^^Klifled and United m- has been sul$si&$ut< rejaction, <nj^*^$onse<iusat decrease in rejec- tiobS. Due;.eonsidsr$ftd3^is ifiha^^reeted by employing such an ia- dividual, am well am ifc'iccupatlon offers. General clidical observations are entsera upoiu It Is felt that this system con- tributes an important ng keep workers on the Job and to lessen tho hours of lost productioi 334 Records, the "Seal 1-33 (January, 19 The author disc cal records/ tails of t of use. The gaaar in two - "make the individual not Accuracy and simplicity ever, is in tba numerous reprod almost every industrial medical co W.J. Fulton. lad* Med., 13. standpoint and. in many daof the records is sunmarized ,* and "records to use Tbs chief value of the foxsM and records The Pre-Baployment Physical Bzaataatioa. State Med. X., 39 330 (April, 1H3). * ^ The plant physician must be thoroughly familiar wtrajgi. types of work done in the establishment, and with the physical roquirmwntSs^f^hese positions. By using a ccmplete form with special attention to those particularly apply- lag to a job. It is possible to place oployees in work oel^ suited to their .abilities and to reducra the number of unnecessary rojectl< 336 Pitfalls m: OoCttpee4<i^mi tHsease Diagnosis. P.A. Davis. Ohio State Med. X, 39/ 337-338 (April, 1943). ; - ' : The', greatest pltfallS in. diagzc'sls in occupational disease are found when there is absence of knowledge of the substances in question* In avoiding pitrails a differential' diagnosis must be made, and all data possible must be obtained to 'substantiate the diagnosis. The 'author discusses many of the newly developed bayards, aad induatriai causes of dermatitis, which is the occupational disease which seams' to lead in frequency, espocially in war industries* By following a definite procedure, such as the one auggeeted by the author, he feel* that pit* falla ia dtagaoeia aay be kept to a Industrial BygUM Digest. - 29 337 The Periodic Examination of Workt> la tfon-Toxio Chlcals. G.M. ITaidia. Ind. SJdTT^ ~~ ' Periodic examinations of wrkers in non-toxic chomicqls are an important feat-ora of any industrial medical program. The frequaacy and the procedures of these examinations are not subject to standardization, but the re thorough tha examin ation and tha laaa protractad tha interval batwaen examinations, tha graatar tha benefit to amployees and ployer* Tbs fruit of tba periodic examination is tha uaa made of ita findings. Ikployees should ba advised of tha reaulta of tha ex amination, and should bo urged to aacure nodical assistance in tha correction or tha improvement of physical defects^efisployees cannot ba paiaitted by their neglMt of their physical deficieodSk to jeopardize tha safety of their fall* -worJOwtn or bacon* hazardous to^Sksett^es or to their employers.--Author* s 336 Tba ^rfafcclanh or Noh^Ocohnat "Wbenave^ usually iterated of tha group oi .clous anemia, they are not induatrl tba patlants nay parfo other workers* Tha ext location of tha plant of tho practicing phy )in Illness and Injury of Uncertain ( " J" . Nereim. Ind. Mad., 1J, 130-132 iyga.^944] ' doubt as to tha source of a d^jQA&gy, it is occupational in origin," is a princfe^a^Chted and re ference is aada to a claas of/&%?? who, because admitted Into industry IC^jy often come to tha aints that are thaica^pVof fear, apprehension and persona muet bMe$ized and treated judicious- ng chronie^Scdift and renal diseases, diabetes, tredfiM^^he induatrlal physician, though s^ftseases require close supervision that d sot become hazards to thamaalTas and atmant la given depends upon: Tha laa^^d personnel available; and tha assistance a. 339 Tha Periodic Ijegicals. L.B. Clinton. Ind. Med., 13, 124-126 ( The author^s^^des n nuaber of of ng physician's experience, caphas^d^3me improvement in habithsNnd at of tbs workers arising from confiuimfib in tha examiner* Tha benefit(&> t ner himself is a point not ntlcnad in. similar disctissionS^6^ attention to sorters and concern for their health, beyond examination, is necessary the physician's success* An Effective Preventive Medical Program at on ed Industrial Plant. S.Vf, Probst and L.D. Levis. Ind* Mad*. 1?. , 1944). Tha physiological effects of specific dmmicals o vlduels could not he followed because of rapid personnel transfers and operational changes, Using the Voulger system, excessive toxic exposures an discovered through abnormal scores* These discoveries led to Improvsmeni &)the working envircn- sent and manufacturing methods* Systsmle offsets bars beeff^volded by rsoonng Individuals developing abnormal blood pressure scores* - Ahore*` summary. 341 Tha Placa of Dentistry la Industrial Health Proarms* L.D. Seacock* Ind. Med., 12, 672-660 (October, 1943). The realization that aon-oecupatlonal diseases sad illnesses cause by far *.ne greater percentage of absentee!, with the consequent production and economic loss, is resulting in greater attention being paid to these conditions of tha writer's health* Many of the aon-oecupatlonal diseases and soma of the more serious nutritional deficiencies moy be recognized by their oral manifestations,^ and also ths industrial dentist must be qualified to recognize and record^** walla treat, mouth lesions resulting from over-exposure to industrisl hazards. *ncus- trial dental programs are discussed and methods suggested for providing dental services* - Industrial Ifygiene Digaat - 30 342 Progran for the_ Handicapped. R.W. finmona. Manpower Rev., 1^, 13-16 (Jan.,1944). The article relates the accomplishments of the O',3. Employment Service in oblo la placing handicapped workers. The total number placed la the first 11 souths of 19*3 was 12,016. Out of the total number of registranta for employment, 12% of tha salts tad 3% of the fmaales had scat physical lspalment. About one- fifth of theae were skilltd workers. With careful selection of the workers for the jobs, their work has been very .generally satisfactory. Their attendance records have been at least as good as jboae of other workers. A thorough search is being made for.possible additio dicapped workers who are not now regia- tered 343 Budd. Domestic Coaaerce. considerable mount of war tfpkttxZ produced Day Act directing PederaZ^eSftmenta to blind. In sewing, a safety/ATg^fkda from parta line' protects the operator* avSanf*om contact with /device can-probably ba^mndedto other machinery. ` .blind workers havromdPed seeing workers, coaitteo is in charge of *Ia being studied* - 344 Med.____ ' "' i ^Plovment. S.l.,Reed. lad* The study were hired hetman March 1 and July 1 at a plant 1: 291, more than 10%, were physi- cslly workers who were still on the job at the iut equal to' those for the entire group which- indl those t for scoe categories, are cap- able of perfo assigned, staying on the job. A discus- sion is gir bless associated tfaent of the various groups, with SB the importance of the of''medical directors in helping these ant of Physically p* (August, 19431* Lib#: ......... ones Co. Pamphlet, be-first section, entitled *TCeynot#a?,gives qfc ities showing the'desirability o .hiring .jphysici a number of authorpped workers* In a special note for aail plants, .it la pointed out th the small mmber of physically handicapped mployed.at a mall plant. can be bandied 3at- lsfactorlly by direct consultation with plant ssnsgaBehw&^ta men and outside medical adrloe where .needed* familiarity with coding syttfjia will be necessary. tJnder the heeding "Principles and Mechanics of the Plant mBaa," the word "placement" is used .instead of employment in connection witit^paalnatioas, etc. It is not of much assistance to prepare a list of jobs in advance, but each appli cant must be considered on an individual basis* A typlesl report fom is shown as a suggestion for handling clear-cut disability cases. Details of the use cf such forms especially for the placAtnt officer, are given*. Motes follow on the estimation of physics! defects taken Individually* In the discussion of "The Insurance Aspect," the employer' a fears for reepoasibllty for a second accident, are allayedby showing 'thst in Maaaachuaett* only 3 awards for such cases were made iaoneyear, sad that ho higherrata ischarged to cover such cases. In conclusion the' desirability of rehabilitation clinics In all industrial centers is urged. ............. Industrial Hygians Digest - 31 346 Jobs forJEandlcapped Vettrang. Anonymous. Kill & Factory, 33, 93-95, 2W-246 (October, 1943). Handicapped veterans returning from tbs war are being employed by many large Detroit plants, and there is evoxy rsason to believe that the nuabe? aaployad will ba au0u*ntad as tba supply increasas. With few exceptions tbay ara proving to be highly satisfactory employees. Out of their axperienbe thay bring to their work an attitude that has a salutary effect on the morale of fellow workers. No special consideration is given these sorters - they aro given real Jobs and are treated as regular eaployees. ~ 347 Penicillin and Propanidid in laiagtian of B^"*lytlc Streptococci Sts^^dlococcl. Clarknad o^&Sfs. Lancet, 6095 (MtUajyr I1S5, 1943). ~ hi! out that the predominant part played hn^heJjo- 5tO< aphylococcus in interfering with perfect means for preventing and infec- Sulfanllaaide is not quite the ide^fc>&Sat for this led ponicillia in the form of wtfp$o 54 bums and St! allng. In 41 of the iundd^^9%) the streptococci we: .nssnsi' fin appes ^ many of the did not reappear, IjfftNthe strains which promptly the sulfoaamidM^xQft were no cases In which .effect. Staptfloostecl also disappeared quickly toxic effects ware observed. Pxfcpaaidine was api _ , _ (0.1%) to 34 similar bums. T lytic streptococci disi _ days from 21 of the wounds (52%); They persisted in 8 casi nt with propamidine. Of these, 3 lost their streptococci proapi later treated with penicillin. Healing was not quite so rapid So toxic affects were observed. Cell- form bacilli, Proteus nas pyocyaaea, when present in the woundst were appert >r agent. 348 Conduct of >Aid Rocm in a St Sprague. Ind. Med., 13, 30-51 are given as to locate _ first aid rooms. Activitle chad upon. stock of medicines rellmitatlons of the nurse he Problem of Fractures with Associated nciples of Treatment. D.C. Bodenhsm. Proc. Hoy. Soc. Had., 36, 65 . 1943). 'The author presants some information collected % iyal Air Force for the benefit of shipyards and other industries, where a combination of injuries ma.y easil_y occur. Case__s s_h__o_uld b_e_r_a_p_id_ly trsnsp.o v a fully equipped hospi tal. For prevention of infection, sulfonamide (prefi y sulfathlazole) should be applied with firm pressure bandage. 350 Burns. C.C. Lund. Rhode Island Med. J.r 197-200 (Octti&r, 1943). The author discusses the fundamentals of first old and lat& treatment for bums .Ho recommends a simple bland ointment such as petrolatui or borle acid ointment :for first aid, and gives the four essatial requirements for treatment as pre vention of pain, prevention of Infection, opti* conditions for rapid healing, .and minlmim disability during and aftar treatment* A bibliography is included. 351 :Adequacy of Industrial Lunch and Use of Brewer's Yeast as % Supplement. C.A. Haller, C.M. McCoy aat C.B. Lyon. J. Hutxit., Q, 385-390 (October 11, 1943). The meals served workers In one cafeteria in the Brooklyn Havy Yard hare been, sampled for the datexmination of riboflavin, niacin and thiamine. The noon meal usually furalshsa at most only one-fourth of the day9s requirements for these Industrial Hfgiene pigest - 32 Yitaalna, and the morning meal cannot be expected to furnish, any more unless eat* lag habits ere much improved. Dry brewer's yeast has provided a satisfactory method of supplementing the supply of these vitamins, usually incorporated in the food in amounts small enough so that the taste was not detected. The yeast, in addition, affords antother good source of protein. * 352 A_Practical Program ft** Rain* Rehabilitation. H.A. Vonachen. Ind. Jfed., 12. 807-310 (December, 1943). 1110 'Tforla Pica* for rehabilitatiedslLth* civiliaa and military handicapped wasydrganizad by the Catarpilla^^wntfir Co. Aftor its success was assured, idea'^ns^jp: J^Tlany employers in the area have orj mads y handicapped. Some points of the (1) On acted ioaedletely before the disabled,wa^wpos re- turn. ( conslsts of cooperation betwge^dgjjlcal, Per- soanal, is required Divisiona, and Supervisors. (JiJ VK^jer?ey of Jobs ation of handicapped persons clarified, (3) Stat could be changed. (6) neuwais* eases,will It is tho experi*M^oMhe Caterpillar Tractor average. ^ 353 Better Nutrition in rabsentee r^c^^g&ths physically bandicapped f( M cBxtent Can the Industrial Medlfeal Department Contribute. Med. . 13. 128-129 (Jebruarv. 1944). Nuaerous surveys have s rage American working man and woman does not eat adequately. The hat the success or failure of the plant nutrition program depo: shown, by the medical department. In the plant with which tho nodical department inspects the cafeteria about o: sal of waste is checked, as are also the prope$r&jfefg<f of food iness. Cafoterle employees aro examinecb&grc^l year* Tho menui^. and nutritious foods are sug- gestsd.^^'A^>avi3ed that some refe to'dfk n pre-mnployaent examination. lead to correction of wro sf?fcpry ^ is. The physician should se the program of education ' US' tars, bulletins and ha Effect of Diet on Toxic Aments. Anosymo 425-426 (December, 1943). The effective protection against toxic agents'by'^Mfery constituents has been demonstrated for a variety of compounds. In a reeenbj^aper It has been shown that TOT poisoning is most severe in rata when the ase^s high in fat and less on a carbohydrate diet, while moderate aounta of TKC'vh&fee fed with a protein diet without any signs of illness. These results camotM^dlrectly related to man. but available reports show less Incidence of 1ST poiswC^f in the United States than In Soglond, and it is suggested that either Industrial hygienic condi tions are better here, or that the diet of Americans is more adequate, or both. 355 Grout Feeding in Pleats - Observations on Sbw and Why. F.J. Underwmod iad others. Ind. Med.. 1?. 160-170 February. 1944). The wisdom of providing food for employees is generally recognised by industrial management. A plan which oould be adapted to the needs of atelier plants is presented, step by step. 1) Provide a dean, cheerful space where msployeee aajr cat their lunches, (this space any also be utilised for group meetings, recrea tion, etc.). 2) Where convenient, vending machines may be used to aupplmaant *<be worker's lunchbox end to fill the requirmsents of supplentary feeding periods. 3) IMployment of a dietitian or home economist who has specialised in institu tional feeding. 4) The ostnblislBaat first of a canteen at one end of the lunch Industrial 5jrglnft Digest - 33 room which will progressively supplement and replace the worker's lunchbox. This service should grow in response to employee needs and requests, and is more like ly to auoeaad if developed in this Banner* 356 Diabetes and_lnjurr. W.A. Bishop. J.Ind.Hyg.ic Tox., 26, 33-60 (7ebruary,1944). tJnder present conditions serious considerations must be given to the question of employment of diabetics in industry. Diabetics should be employed if they can ba properly placed, controlled and auperTised. Uncontrolled diabetics are a menace to thamselvoa and others* BSpetes iJ due to decreased function of the, islands of Longerhand. DiabetedSbuiei caused by trnisa only when the rdv^ay degree, and this occurs very rerel1 ed by shock or eaotional strain except^ndnaa^n severe emotional, or psychic shock. /2K)p6&.a shed from diabetes, and presence of sfSiyw^'sugar does Glycosuria may result from head or nfwrSSJuries. Xn- ty may, by greatly reducing mused& wprbumlng power, worse, or assist latent di$heta^J<rbecome manifest. Infections do not qmadlaSetes, but frequently Often the diseasraurcge fully controlled to h&^nroction, and infection is controlled, the >etic state retnss^to ^t^ibrmer IsTahT^&fa drugs have no deleterious erfect on diabetics ua)cre ei/Wten^Ln^^^ntro^ infection as in no^dia- betics. -- Author's coi* 357 Electronics in the Study 17, 112-117, 338-340 PsycbophysiologlcalrfdegpJfi^^^ayoi indirect diagnosimwSNwea dam^gwHa elude use of WjSpiOTler amplification. d cults that/^nt^r constant amplitu^ tors' abstract. - C. Sheer end J.G. >yan. Electronics. vproftlslng electronic instrument for lion cases. Technical features in itiating circuits and trigger cirtiae-exis recording of 20 var- \/> let Radiation in tfr* fMaWiaci Cutting Oil. os. Xnd. Med., 13, SO (January, .-violet radiation in the treatment believed to be of value. Supplementary measures are also nt. * ,Tuberculosis Case 71ndlns: Probl* a in Induatri&rjj. Mials. lad. Med., 12 602-608 (September, 1943). The Queensboro Tuberculosis and Health AasociationS^jj Department of Health sf the City of 5ew Tork, and the Queens County Medical la an attempt to prevent rise of tuberculosis rate in this country, a plan to E-ray en tire industrial plants as a tuberculosis case finding A worker was to 1) act as a promotion agent, contacting management and 1 v 2) oaks *11 necess- ary technical arrangements with plant medical department and personnel heads as to fhcllltles seeded and educational measures of movies, lectures, and litera ture. A portable I-ray unit Is used taking 100 to 123 films per hour* All in dividuals whose paper X-ray reveals significant abnormal changes are referred to a consultation chest clinic. Through a chest specialist, recowndationa are made as to whether or not the individual should be permitted to continue marking. The fee for tbs paper X-ray is one dollar, consultation service is two dollars, and the entire aim is absorbed by the firs* It Is believed that a similar proce dure can be economically incorporated Into an already sound plant medical program, as a means of dsteainlng physical disabilities maong new and prospective aaploy- ees as wall as tbota already employed* Large industries have foimd that the in- vesmunt pays* Loss of time dua to illnssa is decreased, end tbs productiveness Industrial Hygiene Bigsst - 34 of the employees M a unit is increased. A complete program of tuberculosis c&aa finding* end it* proper aad just disposal between amployer tad pioyee.ia Kt carried out in flti plants* 360 asployability of the Tuberculous - A Yardstick for Iud.-rLaff Placement and Suner- nsioa. ~y*X. Sitter and J.ft'. Dugear. lad. Uadi*' 13. 37-36 (In-py.*-^ 1944) A classification of tuberculous lotactions is given* nay bo used as a stan dard in placing or rojacting applicants who are tuberculous. Special coasidera tions are given concerning amployees^jjfc wot* in an area where silica dust is present* Adequate medical super#g|3lt$m not to be neglected. 3a ac TTadec^forty-j W.3. Priest# Tbs two Cases are and atten change in t atop in scat coamoaly encountered under cussed, that workers suffering cardiac is; are honest ire time than the average for Icapped. A wopjoaen's compensation act i as a necessary of employer* to hire acar The writer suss up the then placement of com; cardiacs in industry is SO]______ intelligent ng and cooperative effort Loyer aad itrii ilcien " and the attending pfcysl- clahk? social agency slew (he A 362 N.S. Dori*. lad# Hed., 12, 738-39 Hmmber* 1543). It is stated that there it OM&fflr hr ekhqsure to- toxic chemicals in low coacen- tratloas that can be pod pressure* la the author* s opin- iont this sign is o effactive, and he attempts to jus- ttfy his stand. QiiWMfafftors w. blood pressure changes similar to those caused by<dBgoJrare to chemicals, e li^Jj** A "blood pressure score" and an "indax of^uroWnory balance" hsv. ea adWiaped to give semi-auantitative estiaates^lp^^ worker* s condition# scoragiwHjeatsd at sufficiently fre- *uent^6$SQaXa are of great significant are(eilved. to be essential if diseases are to bo prevented th aad abssnteeiaa are 'ducod to- a ainlara* Visual Problems in Modern Industry a Had. r., 2, 236-289 (October* 1943). Industry now demands an ophthalmologist who oa eat a pleat Bakes hlmsel f familiar with the different patterns of the vox** j spatial relationships* and sots up standards for solection aad placement of ess* He must find lines of activity where workmen more or less affected blindness can work efficiently with proper regard, for their safety and fi plant* Be has to study the nature of dose wosic* suet advantage of the tive condi tions* and must know how to rehabilitate inefficient workers*^He must also con sider glare factors and note when general conditions cause eye fatigue# Among other conditions the Caralttee on Industrie! Ophthalmology has agreed on acuity tests for appraising ths visual skill of ssployees as applied to the specific visual demands of each plant* The Committee's survey includes also distance acuity with aad without glasses* color discrimination, muscle balance for dis tance and near* stersopsis, and the determination at near points for the right and ths left eye and for both eyes together. 364 Zrs Manifestations of Head Injuries. O.J.Iyle* X.AJt*A* Jg3>873-79 (Dec.4,19431. The author discusses a number of foas of head injuria* and thstr sffsot oa, the eye, including concussion.* contusion* laosrstion* compression* end cerebral, hm~ orrhage. Industrial ^gisnm Digest - 38 368 toidmu garatoconiunctlTltis. a.J. Bedell. N.Y. State j. Med,* 43. 2049.3084 (Hovmtear 1* 1943)* The author describee the symptoms and course of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis with special pbasis and consideration of the corneal infiltrates and changes. Six cases are discussed. The opinion is stroogly expressed that this is not an occupational disease* and that it is found in industry only because there one has togother a large collection of individuals of varied susceptibility. No treat* asat has succeeded in preventing the comeal infiltrates. There is as yet no specific cure. During the acute stttlb th* Patient oust be kept from work both for ccupational hazards to igpause of temporarily impaired vision of exposure of ot irs. The end results may be in evld 366 gold At pros* junctinti casea has clans wl toco; ceq, f'i, frea 5 to 12 dayf*; cold compresses and 2.C. Bach. Wisconsin Med. J.* 1943). Milwaukee area ever a thousand, cas ratocon- t to realize that the source on in many ' irst-aid rooms in plants and Ices of physi- of this disease was Spldeaic kera- at, and usually ini ,ne eye only. It is char- n* swelling of. onal lymph nodes* and sub- cities Tho incubation period esns Mild treatment* including >ini give the beat results. (References.) 367 leirt--tipa 0f Percentage^ 15, 37-90 (October* 1943) Tho author presanta a medico-legal casts* can. Medical Assoc] H.A. Carter. J. Acoustical Soc. Am. * st] the percentage loss of hearing for by istereated sactlons of the Amexl- ln a Shipyard: >erience at the four Saiaer Rlch- mond Y Urlsonfald. ?e: re_?oi >n Med. Bull.* 1* 21-39 (Octo- berTISS\.v ^ cowers a period of 13 months slag burns of the exter- .tory canal which were treated, % ondary ortornal otitis, no poxoanent disability ensued in any c were the subject in 12% of tbs cases. Mlddls ear disease foil sudden and intense noise* and exposure to irritant inhalations or sure* or hinttdlty. Acoustic trauma if present of temperature* ??eslgalfleanfc degree will re- suit la occupational deafness. Therapy is not eff ~ve so long as exposure cca- tlnuaa. Bar plugs are an important measure in prer fhey eliminate the foreign body sad ateoephsrlc concussion hazard and excessive intensity of sound to izaoeuoua lerals. An ideal ear plug has ad been prepared, Tubotynpaaic catarrh, .which occurs with moderate frequen be prerented by avoiding excesslTe and rapid changes of t a shipyard* may ture; pressure* and huaidity and by instituting adequate suction ventilation systems which will eliminate irritant inhnlatlons. 369 Women in Industry: A Study of 133 Woman Work!am as Riveters In the Aircraft Is- duatries. W.C. Bradbury and C.B.S. Brans. Calif, k West. Med.* 52/ 119-121 (August* 1943). This is a preliminary report of a study of 135 riveters with peine -complaints. With the exception of 5 casee* there was definite evidence of previous pelvic pathology before employment as a rlvoter. The authors: believe that a good num ber of manpower hours can be conserved by. adequate pre-placmsent examination of women workers. This* however, has its obvious difficulties* though of good scientific merit. .. Industrial IQrgiens Digsst - 3d 330 Fart-Tias Baployaent of Wc--a In Wartime.- tf.S. Dapt, of Labor, Women* a Bureau Spacial Bull., No, 13. (Juno, 1943). * Part-time onpleyaant of woman is recooaonded os a measure of utilizing the ser vices of women sot available for full-time Jobs. It provides os answer to local labor shortages; a mass of increasing- production without extending the hours of the working week; a maana of meeting essential clTllian requirements; and a prac tical method of offsetting absenteeism Working conditions standards must be maintained, and the wage scale should be comparably maintained. Development of community facilities to meet thajEeSU of the employed woman, including adeq prp$Lrta for child care, laund^Seg^narketicg, shopping, and other house d^i^k, is reajtaundsd. aiaa ia^ratire necessity. . 371 Medlcdl Uhnn^WTO^af^^&DlttinnttSS ooff WWoommeenn iinn tthhee EggxpplloossiiVvoes* IIngdduucat t^^\^fi Varney, __ -124, (February, 1944). Satiefac with women workers is attributed cldfoW^le three factors: (1) The c and placement of workers. (2) jJwiji^KCtory working cou ditione, nts lighting, proper regeucf^!, correct seating, adj_______ _ 'f opb the worker and periods. (3) Adapting mdlTidual* Comn|93L^g&f workers ore related to causes, if ^ ^careful oongmragfDn is gives to these, with &d~ and treatment^' bagia, which many __ ' >slng msdbT^vha subject of occupational menorrhe caused by standing at work for long periods. The *utj opi^wi^^tEet these cases usually occur in women who here pre-existing pi or other types of disease. , zn Which Jobs for To aorv Standarde for the Aircraft Industry. U. 3. Department *of Pamphlet, 12 pp. INovember, 1943). Available on r thats^ureau* A generel cl discussio on of occupa suitability Mi; aircraft Industry is made, with a Tho obvious determining fac- tors aification are phyi yequirod, exposure to mechanical d chiaery and health ha: t For instance in welding 7 d 9 unsuitable Jobs axe y safe departments arc the and fuselage assembly, final 'radio, instrument asaambly and upholstery unsuitable include the dope room, draw-beneiTo log, degreasing, foundry, wood shops (where po ramps- There are exceptions to tho gonersl rul those factors. Among the wing, center section, packing, electrical occupations gensrally __ dlzlng, hast treatnery is used) and flight Munearly every department. For machine shop work, reference is made to Mo, ? of t&aame saries. Cere in the sel action ot supervisors for young persons, instruct^tof their foremen in the limitations of thalr work, end the wearing of distlnefra^badgs* are rtcossaeoded. 373 Problems of Wight Work. L. Teleky. Ind. iCed., 1$, TSe-T^Sovember, 1943). ' The huaan body undergoes a 24-hour cycle In osny functions, including temperature, pulse, hlood pressure, respiration, oxygen and carbon, dioxide exchange, blood picture, and others. Tbs tmaperature cycle is simplest to follow and is probably indicative of the complete biological cycle. Meet of the paper, deals with the . affect of changes in bourn of work on tbs body temperature cycle, including the authorrs experiments end thoee reported In the literature* In general tasking at other periods than TvrT*B*'1 daytime hours produce! an inversion of the cycle, i.e. a masdjna te^erature in the early aerating instead of late afternoon. Sowsvtr, the noma! cycles and changes in cycles vary greatly according to tho in dividual, the nature of the work and other factors. From the study of tempera ture cycles end demonstrated effects of night work, the author concludes that: (1) continuous night work is uahselthful and deoreasss production, (2) ehifta Industrial 3rd*ae Digest - 37 should ha rotated lus frequently thun weekly, at least at four week Intervals; (3) the sight shift should be arranged so that one shift covers the whole sight period# further research os the subject is an urgent need* 374 Toxicity of Tannic Acid: Experimental Iavastiaatloa. Cr.H. Ctteron, R.P.Miltoa and J.V. Allen, lancet. 2, 1^ lAugust 14, 1943). Ceneroa and his associates rsport an^foerlaental investigation into the toxicit; of tannic acid and the chances o<4&k*^8QrptlQa fn burned arena. ' atioaPabout the fate of tannic- daJJ^slter it teaches the circulation is with rabbi mic add. Experiment# have been ci and rats. 250 animals being used in aJ fferent firms, but one sample *m ' bis sample contained about 20% galli^ddH" The ital evidence that in animals tannin fikLa&s injurious axles and possible on thd banAnttrasC After the in- of tannic acid directly tajo twmood stream or the in. sous tissue $ri :tion of a r us tissues, oalmaMNsnr centrolobular necrosis pexneabtlit3L^*S$MKage of piam into the sad occmsiodUjr^ffo lungs* and leukocytosis, acid y^S^W^let^es, as by subeutaneoum In- Jaction, lead to coat ^ muats into the blood and a |er- ious intoxication. T ^.ce may also be followed by absorption of tannic add. With la; continuous bathing of the liver cells with blood containing t in damage and destruction of certain tisanes. The injurious itributed to gallic acid, which l< rapidly removed from crated in large amounts. Tha authors point out that t .tic! aid treanaent of burns comas from the experimentgiQtbi^'Caution must in applying to man without dis- crimination^daeaS^ons reached by oianls. They recognize that the ultiM(t(^|cision for or against method must coca from human axpesbrakq^ and they note that evident emulating which suggests tbs^aahdStor critical revision of this __ Disease Education in Industry. ,2 Cleveland. aaadian Fob. Health. I.. 43. 494.501 iSoTsmbe By sponsoring an Industrial Health Woek, tha Vane^rer Jh&or Board of Trade dis tributed over half a million ploces of litareturi^d* had 190,000 Mployed per sons receive booklets relative to venereal dlseaseTLJf the wall planned program of educating Industrial groups through public endors9fta, newspaper cements, posters, and publicity* it is hoped that seme lasting ^Bjfteaone and beneficial effects have oame about. - Bftorgencr 376 Sanitation Standards. 7.3. Public Hesl^^^ervice. Pub. Health Septs., 58,. 1793-1323 (December L0k 1943). These standards constitute the third sdition of tbs Sanitation Code for State or local Adoption. The use of the word eaergeaey in the present code takes account of the fact that under war conditions the best material mgr mot be obtainable. The Standards deal with nil phases of public sanitation, including as the main headings* water supplies; sewage ami industrial wastes and excrota disposal; milk and milk products; frozen desserts; eating and drinking ostablishsents; swimming and bathing pieces, refuse, garbage, rubbish and ashes; sanitation of habitable buildings; tourist and other camps. Absenteelx 323-323-326 mvag iobib workers 322 statistics Aaatifl anhydride 324 limits of flaxability 307 Air analysis acrylonitrile carbon disulfide cyanides Air disinf^tion fflpgT UUrchf 1944) Dermatitis 243 cocutica 247 from tear gas 244 humoral tranmaiseion248 oils 246 prevention 230 ultra-Tiolst treatment 356 Diabetes jury 356 Lead poisoning at blast furnaces In ship repairtreatment Light affects heat 2 tnaidity Magnesium dust control fire extinguishers Medical control . occupational dlseaj prevention Medical servit noa-ce 311 265 266 260 senation of 297 in surgical dressing manufacture Metal powders 310 flxaability and u plosibility Mfthyl hwmiSm *242 273 pneumoconiosis fro* 284 Methyl chloride * Benzene and its hcmologues substitute for freon274 toxicity 2&1 Blood pressure /^\ index of exposure us5$ ro^^gnosls 357 Mine fan signals 308 Minors in aircraft indus try. suitable jobs 372 Book reviews and noi 233-234-233 Brucallosia<Ct^\sy' 256 Burns^ xv ^ frac- 349 fillin and props- 347 330 Butadiene safe practices 313 Cadaix pnt.vmipy 262 industrially shipyard ^emprjtale loss aeasurxent Heart disease Job placm&ent Heat exposure Kitrate explosives determination of 295 Mbise control 309 Industrial " airplane motor test- 254 weight lose Spurs of labor ^ and toxic agents 354 health aspects 373 industrial plan 353 Srdrocarbons, chlorinated v-(^ull plants 355 Carbon disulphide toxicity ' 283 tional disease literature slaoe 1932 2sa Industrial health uruarx evaluation 330 sis r study 336 319 Carbon monoxide Industrial frydene educa Sweden 320 domestic appliances 261 tion 32t Cerboa tetrachloride Industrial aedicias in industry 363 . poisoning medical records 334 Partial# size measurwaonts epidfoie 270 review of Uterature209 Ceramic Industry Keratoconjunctivitis 363-366 Lead 301 the filargrapfc 300 dust control Chloro-waxes synthetic . Dentistry in industry 312 314 alloys, toxicity 267 chromate,toxicity 264 hazards, in soldering operations 268 limitations 249 Beetle ulcers end external traxa 243 P.trolM olrnt 341 . (Over) oeeuy*dls eases 277 InAax - 2 Physical wi nations tschniqua 337-939 Physician's rasnonalbilltv 338 ' Paannoconioais in coal olnas 285 Pnsumonia shipbuilding industry 252 Poiaoa ivy pravaatiTa'4^^-v 2p^^> Pre-aaployaaa^^gWlaa^C^ ~ tioaa Ng9^335 Psychiatry in industry Psychosomatic modi 327 Radium asani Safety laana in ninas 304 Sanitation standards 376 Sowaaa plants - gas hazards 236 Sillcosia radiologic classifica tion ' -- Salroc I in d 257 Tubarculoala casa finding in indus try employment factor industrial . Horth Carolina Vanaraal disaaaas Ventilation' " `la av faotorlaa ntminz loan in industry^ \ --dloal aaraCi) ^ 371 ,, tion of 2391 trol of 302 baalth hazards 240-241