Document om81qn9ryJakyRDZNJaz55eKR

FEBRUARY *1934 * HELP WANTED Yese are magic words to the man who has endured the phys ical and mental suffering of months.of unemployment- The employment office- is the gate.'Va y to o pportumty. He is ea go r to work and willing to (earn Never will a man be more receptive to instruction in company policies than when applying for work. The impressions.received at the employment office will in fluence his future attitudes, ft is here that his safety training should start. 'LJ' Y w -- r i as m YOUR WORKERS mm* keow miiit .... and si/to* "YOU AND R TOR'JL t qJP V,.' " Ill - [Mar booklet. - r t;!'8 x (><), -nrhe-. will till u definite niae. in your safety firopratn hi making safety imdersfood and accepted by ymir worker'! It piv-.-ni- in fuK.itiatint! story style it wealth of safety instruction. You will Utni "You and i our job" to he an excellent .sup pieruen! in haekinji up your own safety instruction to vour workers! Sample and prire schedule will he sent upon reqttet). WE DO OUR PART I Popular with Workmen ... it- h comfortable Preferred by Employers , . . for dependable protection Simple, Adjustable Chain Bridge In UuH I i'ir the rMljUsti'ihlt' < liatn l<Hiiyy.nut touch the titiM1, Quick mi- j..sirmuit. is uhtmuned |y n-iunGny the w row rinsr 1 ** unlnck the hook whirli: Gum links Gi<lo ever. My hoiidmijr, tin* hnuk up w!iirhTliji, ihc chum run in:? returned so the link u>.`ccs> iry tt. obtain enrreef ml.pun mem :m ! did mer it. Press funds bark into s-hn ;unl i pUiro eu onmi1. The Willson Bull Dog enjoys workman popularity and em ployer confidence because <>f its several features not dupli cated in any other composition cup goggle. The depth of its anatomical cups, coupled with the fact that they are well ventilated, permits continuous wear for long periods without fogging or heating up--even these hot August days. Willson Super-tough lenses, fifty millimeters in diameter, are free from waves or striae and furnish the wearer wide, dear, un distorted vision. Xo wonder workmen like them--why not give your men a chance to try the .Bull Dog-.their opinion of it would be worth mure t" you than anything said here. As to their doing a good job of protection-- the Willson Bull Dog Goggle exceeds every requirement of the rigid Id S. Federal Specifications (diG-G-SUl. iPrirc-d ffiBCIO, Jirown i. ompoMUon v'upst $1.75 each TA WIQ, Black T-aniposition Cup>, $1.60 ra<_h Tlicj't.i. is also a Bull Dog Weld mm > yggio with Willson-A cid Lvu.m,- ^ amt. indirect ventilating ports. The complete line of Willson Goggles includes metal cup, ami over--pectade types- a goggle for everv purpose. WILLSON PRODUCTS, Inc. :: Reading, Pa. Rypreicmt*.'.! i.!i I 3 western states by L H Bullard C;:-., 2?5 Etpmn Streak San Francises, with convenient oranches T-a>roseumd in- Caoaoa by Satety S^oofy (...emoony"...feyranro, fvVgryreal and Branches Tiw* NVl'IOVM. \H''TV S'KVVSJ i* nublOftpa rmuublv uy tur Wiiimti OttOv youwoiU pn Vwi.h Wu-io-i Utttt, f 11, V.-Wiy mUmprum Crum ,0 '"o V-uunw- F.MIX, kumh.'r J.t Knlvce.l ji> ..ohm matter .Sum* 1, hi21.... u tin* puatutDcrs ,a ( hmafi'o, ni(m.O uniM' thw Aet id Mnreh ,,i, )*Tf mdMu toil etitn *( i*t im-Hm. .lUchlpats, FEBRUARY, 1934 TAKE A CLEAR. KEEN look f> Most automobiles are sedans. They have eight glass surfaces. Safety Glass i n oniv one of those eight places . . . the windshield . . . does not provide the greatest available protection against broken, flying glass. It otters no protec tion at all when a WINDUP breaks. If von recognize how illogical it is to expect the wind shield to give any protection to those in back, lend a hand in making the public realize it. too. You can help spread the information that Saietv Glass all-around is essential and that it costs practically nothing compared to the sense of securitv it gives and the misery and suffering it mav save. Anything you do along this line is surely in the interest of public safety. t *,r information and on *S.aiety (Bass, oidhliH,*! > Kdi>lrilmtor lifted in the W here-TuBuy-k .-erfion of voctr Iru-aS teirfihnmoim-rdon t Rl LIB BEY OWENS m > I! I) i a, ASS COUBWV. T<H.i- in i. otl.to ....... ................................ 'T* _________ i__ .. ... Libbey- Owens Ford SAFETY GLAS S NATIONAL SAFETY NEV 3 A $50,000 machine that effects savings of $ 15,000 a year is a good investment EYE PROTECTION that SAVED united states METALS REFINING COMPANY $50,000 in one year was also a good investment -- and it COST only a FEW HUNDRED DOLLARS AT DO Oil# PAST Based on his Company*s compensation records Robert, Winters. Superin tendent of Industrial Relations of the United Metals Relining Company, estimates that VO Safety goggles used in conjunction with a capable and aggressive ac cident prevention campaign saves his company better than $50,000 a year. The cost is trifling compared to the savings made. . . . American Optical Company makes comfortable, efficient goggles for every type of worker in every class of work. AO experience with eye accident prevention is immediately available to manufacturers for the development and installation of eye safety programs that will produce profitable results . . . Ask us to show your Company how to cut production costs with eye protection. There will be no obligation on your part. A M E RIC A N OPTIC A L CO M P A N Y Factories in Southbridge. Massachusetts N VTION-W IDK S EKY I CK--Branches in all Principal Industrial Uenters Jtr I itnmlu By t lie* i amsoiiiLUrtl Op l inti i <.,, f.tri. FEBRUARY. 1934 National Safety News Published monthly in the interest of accident prevention and the health of industrial workers VOL. XXIX,. No. 2 CONTENTS for FEBRUARY, 1034 Outside Troubles Make Unsafe Workers--}. J. Logie ................. 7 What Does a Re-emploved Worker Think About?--Harold S. Hulbert, M.D.. 9 Controls Can Be Safe--j. V. Alfriend, Jr. ....................................................... 10 What Happened in the Safety World in 1933--William H. Cameron........ .. 13 Try Cleanliness First--W. R. Redden, M.D............... 15 Foremen as Teachers--W. Dean Keefer........................... ..................................... 18 The Biggest Industrial Safety Job Ever Attempted--Carman T. Fish............ .19 Hazards Lurk in Rural Scenes--C. E. Libby........................................................ ,21 Pipe Lines in the Plant--C. V. Becker............................. ..23 Trailers in Highway Transport--R. E. Onviek -------- ..................... 25 Reorganizing Safety Work--Alvin Viir .................................... .......... 27 The Treasurer's- Report ................................................. ............................... 29 Health Education--John H. Holzbog ................................................................ 34 Man Lifts--Industrial Data Sheet No. 1).---Gen. 2.............................. ............ . 88 Regular Departments Fditonal ------- -------- --------------------------------- .... 6 The M.maumu DtrectoiS Pa.ec -------- ---------- & Ounuite Fvmts .. . ................ -- i-S Sdiety instructiuu i .aids ........................ ......... '*tJ Industrial Health.....................-......................... * The Bulletin Bwu:J ... ............................. lit The Safety Kxchamre ........................................ The* Satciv Fihrarv ............................... ''',l Personals .............................................................. T The Honoi Rail .......................-.......... ......... ...... i VTith the Manufacture! ................ -..... AW The Accident Barometer .... ............. ................ c i Carman T. Fish, Editor G. M. Briggs, Associate Editor Stanley H. Kershaw, Poster Editor C. H. Miller, Advertising Manager Copyright 1933 by National Safety Oouiuul, I no. Printed in U.S.A, Published monthly, i'lnti ii's .mi-einiH:-- matter Jnm* i, la'.'l, at. tn* I'ost titties At. Ch iH., under tin* si* ? of March d, .1 S7T Additional entry at St, Joseph, Mich, The j-ubseription price to members for extra copies of the .NATIONAL SAFiSTV NEWF si> $4,0(1 per yfii.r, Birurie copies, id cents. Heuueed quantity ntice* fur y^i+riy suhserih- tiona and siuixle copies nti request., Subscriptions at> :t voiin hb* utily to members of the xatimml Bafety Council. Member Audit Bureau of i 'irculacion. This magazine is indexed in the industrial Arts index. Statements ami opinions advanced in Mamed articles are to be understood as individual repressions *f flini authors, tint' those <.f f fu* National Pfit'ety Omror-H, National Safety Council, Ine* ( Cooperative..-S'vn-Commercial--S'vn-Politicai--S^tt-Sectarinnj 2(i North Waeker Drive. Chicago, t*. S. A. New York Office. 9 East 41 ?t Street Office of the Education Division. 1 Park Ave., New York City 4 National Safety Council Officers, 1933-1934 John B, Lung, President Robert L Catlin, Vice-President for Public Safety L B. Culuney, Vice-President for Bngi- iteering T. Hellmuth, Vice-President for Fi nance C. W. Sunn, Vice-President for Admin istration Few K. Palmer, Vice-President for Safe ty Councils H. T, Solknrten, Vice - President for Membership Br;om;E H. Warfel, Vice-President for Industrial Safety Dr, Cassius H. Watson. Vice-President for ,roiJth Albert W, Whitnev, Vice-President for Education Wtu.iam K. Worth, Treasurer W. H. Cameron, Secretary and Mnmuitu-' Director Executive Committee Members at Large Tm: ui-fiokhs and: Howard N, Fonda, liurrotighs-Wellcniw* & Co, UJ.S.A.L Inc, Utho M, craves. General Crushed .stone Curp. Harry A. Schultz, tU* S. Steel Corp. Hahrv CrauERT, The Pullman Co. W. D. James, James Mamuacturma C. Albert S. Uiwttu,- industrial Helation*. Counsellors, Inc. Cj-OROE K. Sanford, General Kiectrir <. Lester D, .Slv.vtoutl American Atr\xn\* Inc, Arthur M, Took, Consulting Mm'im* |L.- e4 i lieor Representing Safety Council- 0.1fforh Urns, Memphis. Trim, 1), li, luvNNDJ.. Chicago, 111. Donald A, Pinkbeineh, Toledo, O. Franklin M, Kreml, Evanston, III, Henry ,1. Minfur, Elizabeth, N. .1. John Kussmll, Jr., Newark, N. H, L. Kisioxds, New Haven, Culm. Representing Sections Lou, K. Blank, Metals Harold L Holo man, Street and lipsiiw Traffic M. J. .Uclarthy, Automotive ,ud M chine Simp Urr.Lc W. Nlat, Accident Pn-vftttnv equipment -Manufacturers F, M, Pepper, Public utilities Major LTiaru-.s H. Kuth, Dellvnrv. Tj*x aih & Bus S. E, Whiting, ASSE-Enginecrim*. I'ast Presidents llom.Br W, ilxMimELi.,. Attrnr'R T. Moruv 1. rw li. Palmer llAvrn Van Schaacic* Balth C, Hicharus* Charles P. `I or.man Arthur H. Voung Maru.us A. Dow Lewis A, DeBi.ois Carl K. Al'el Charles B. Scott Walter C. King IIomi r 1C Ntl-Sj'6 Hr.-Col, Henry A. Heninger C, l.roEN s. Pettibonr CpARl W, Hergquist fAMEs I. Banasu flonorarv Members Hubert SV <Ampuell \ssoi faiion mJ Iron Cngineers Arthur Williams Steel Kiecirk a a Hate of infection for wounds of the Hands--26' < Records show that 7 out of every HI injuries in industrial plants occur to hands and fingers--that the rate of infection for such injuries is iff ! How much lost time in your plant is due to infections of hands and fingers? What are the best steps to take to reduce the number of these infections? Workers cannot avoid scratches and minor wounds to their hands. Nor is there any way to keep their hands from getting dirty. But you can greatly reduce hand in fection risk by seeing that workers use Lava Soap. Lava, in the first place, is effective against such common bacteria as t.he deadly bacilli diphtheria, meningococcus, and streptococcus -- 5 fo 10 times as germicidal as car bolic acid. Lava, in the second place, helps to prevent infection by getting hands cleaner than any ordinary soap or paste can hope to do. It gets even the grimiest hands clean in less than a minute. Companies now supplying workers with Lava find they save money because Lava outlasts ordinary soaps 3 to 1. Works equally well in any kind of water--hot or cold, hard or soft. Investigate the use of Lava now--find out about this safe, economical method of reducing the amount of lost time from preventable infections. REE # * * Lava Safely Posters idufefy Directors of lending industrial plants m all part'? of the muntrv h-iv? o-quested thewr pusters and are now on om mmling hsf. A new of posters IS mailed out every two months. They are yours merely bv hiling out ami mailing this coupon to Procter tx Gamble Co., Dept. LNS- Box iaoi, Cincinnati, Ohio- '' ' FEBRUARY. 1934 Wftiriri />*> i nrrrw-: cm 6 National Safety Mews Published by National Safety Council, Inc. FEBRUAKV. J 93 I Vol. XXIX, No. 2 Tools "f 'HE dub who has never broken a hundred feels confident A. he could win the U. S. Open with that new set of matched clubs he has been admiring in the pro's shop. But when he finally gets them, he still slices into the rough with the same regularity. What he really needed was more lessons and more practice. Mechanical perfection cannot compensate for what is lacking in the human element. The value of good tools cannot be denied, but there is a tendency to overestimate their importance in achieving the result. With the same tools one man might make an artistic carving while another would simply spoil a good block of wood. Good tools enhance a worker's skill and give him increased confidence, but there is a very definite limit to what can be built into a tool. That applies also in the field of safety. In accident prevention work there still seems to be a prevalent belief in magic-..the magic of some method or some form of organization which will take care of the acci dent problem with the minimum of thought and effort, just as the thermostat on the furnace keeps the house comfortable.This hope persists in spite of the generally recognized fact that safety work is concerned with human beings who can never be depended upon to do the expected thing-. There is no substitute for- thought, study and resourceful ness. The safety man who tries to adopt a ready-made pro gram intact is like the editor who depends upon the shears. He should, however, keep in dose touch with his fellow safety men and borrow' as many of their ideas as can be adapted to his own organization. But he must use the tools himself. An Employment Service HEX 1'resident Roosevelt decided to place tour mil lion men at work on the OVA program, the Adminis tration rightly made a place in this gigantic undertaking for the prevention of injuries to men on these jobs. The National Safety Council's employment service was instrumental in placing in this activity a number of experienced safety men who were temporarily unemployed. This service, maintained for the placement of competent unemployed safety men, has been most helpful on many occasions. The benefits accrue to the employer as well as to the man who is looking for a job. Of course, no fee is charged for this service. If you know of some unemployed safety engineer who is not registered with the National Safety Council, why not tell him to drop a line to headquarters so that his name may be placed on the records-' ff yon know of some company seeking the services of n safety engineer, .-.tiggesi that application he made to the Council for a list of qualified men. The Council serves as a contact between the employee and the employer in an effort to render a service to each. t T 4' j- i j- O SINGLE phase of our operations receives more earnXI est consideration from our board of directors than does accident prevention, for accidents mean wastage, high cost, and a retarded growth.--C, .4. Higgins, Vice-President, Hercules Powder Company. In This Issue ISTUBBED minds can be just as dangerous as un guarded gears, and they are much more difficult to detect and remedy. When a worker can tell his troubles in confidence to somebody in authority, he has a safety valve for emotions that might result in a mental lapse and conse quent injury. (Page 7.) And here are some more thoughts on mental hazards by a noted psychologist and psychiatrist, whose lectures and writings are well known in the safety movement. Dr. Hulbert discusses the mental states of the men who are now returning to work after months of involuntary idleness. ( Page 9.) Last year the managing director's annual report bore the rather dubious title. `T932 Might Have Been Worse." For 19,33, however, the National Safety Council is happy to report the events of a year in which conditions have taken a decided turn for the bettter. (Page 13.) Soap and water seem to be too simple a remedy for the prevention of dermatitis. People are likely to put more faith in fancy cures, but Dr, Redden reminds us that the cause of many a case of dermatitis is merely dirt and the remedy personal and environmental cleanliness. (Page 15.) Industry is a vast school and its foremen are the teachers. Have your foremen the knack of imparting knowledge and the patience to give the same thorough instruction .in ele mentary details to each new man? (Page iSc)' When the (XYA program was launched by the federal government in December, the .National Safety Council was called upon to aid in the organization of safety work for the protection of four million workers. Appeals were sent to members in all parts of the country to participate in the work locally, and their response made it possible to start the pro gram immediately. (Page 19.) A safety man can't forget hazards--even while on vaca tion. E. Libby, who edits the News-Letter of the Power Press Section, found plenty of opportunities for safety edu cation on the farm. (Pace 21. > NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 1 Outside Troubles Make Unsafe Workers By j. J. LOGIE* Even trivial disturbances off the job may pave the way for an accident THERE are still many problems in this world about which we know very little, `There are still others about which we possess some knowledge, but. not enough for efficient control. Man falls into this latter class. We have had him with us for thousands of years, but our knowledge of the factors that inspire and control his activities is very limited. In man there are still dark spots into which we are unable to probe with meth ods now available. Man is a creature of the heart rather than of the mind. His conduct is in fluenced more by his feelings and emo tions than by his reason. Psychologists assert that our efficiency is below normal some 30 per cent of the time due to the influence of some crisis in our emotional state. The sources of these crises are in many cases only trivial things. Imagine a man being below normal efficiency because rain interfered with a coif match planned for that afternoon. Or a young man doing inferior work be cause his girl would not go to the dance with him the night before. Another fel low's production falls below par because his foreman had reprimanded him about poor quality work. These and many other things disturb our emotional state. For instance, in one of the National Safety Council Posters entitled "Anger" (No, 449.5) is this quo tation: "When you get. sore at your neighbor, yourself or your job, look out -you'll be ripe for an accident." in other words, crises that aggravate our feelings reduce our efficiency, and hence we become "accident prone." Thus we have "the effect of outside conditions on accidents." I will give you a few ex amples of injury cases that were influ enced directly by outside conditions. Take the case of Mr. A: This man laid been for several years a steady, dependable employee. He worked as a sort ot .cine boss over a , rew of general laborers whose duty it was to do all types of (leaning up. dismantling t ihui* .*r Kmplm-irtffti ttrui AatVt.y, f'L1 h-mI n-,t.-ij Tir.1 j ml [JuhL.'p iNiinptiuy. Akron, and moving. His personal accident record was perfect until a certain day when he received a badly-contused finger while handling an I-beam and it was necessary to amputate the finger at the first joint. After about one week, we allowed him to return to work as he could act as a leader for his gang and at the same time favor the injured member. On the second day after his return to work, I happened to drop in the hospital for a casual visit, which I frequently do. There sat my friend soaking an injured foot. 1 asked Mm a few simple questions to determine the cause of the accident and injury and noticed that he was consider ably embarrassed at having received a second injury so soon after the first, f invited him to come to my office after he had received treatment. Together in my office, A and i had a complete under standing. To put him at ease, I immediately ex plained that he was not called into be bawled out and that my whole purpose was to try to help him. I said, "A, T have known you for a long time. You have been a dependable fellow and I M When you o'et 'sore" at your neiglibor your job or yourself-Look Out / you'll be ripe for an accident NATIONAL p t r r < o u n c t t N.S.C. Po-ter No. 4193 have had confidence in you and still have. Lately you have been working under some sort of handicap and if pos sible T would like to learn what it is." At first he was reluctant to talk, but gradually he opened up and told me this story: Some weeks previous he had been out with the boys and came home late, with too many drinks under his Mr. His wife made the mistake of scolding him while he was in this condition. They quarreled and he slapped her. In the morning, he found that his wife had left for her home in the south and had taken their only child with her. She wrote him after a few days and asked him to come and bring her back, explaining also that she had not revealed their troubles to her people. The letter had been written about two weeks earlier, but A, although remorseful, was too stubborn to reply. Naturally, I ad vised him to do the manly thing and go and bring his wife back. 1 pointed out to him how considerate his wife had been in not telling her relatives. The injury to his foot was not serious and within two days he was able to drive his car. so his pay was advanced to him and he made the trip. Like most stories, (his one has the usual happy ending. You can readily see how this crisis in As life reduced his efficiency and was the direct cause of two personal injuries in less than two weeks. Another case that comes to my mind concerns a man whom we will rail B. Like A. he had to his credit several years' service with the company, and was recognized by his boss as a good worker, which type Is the pride and joy of any foreman. B was a widower of middle age and "stepped out" occasionally. On a certain .Monday morning he re ported for work and. about one hour after starting, his hand was caught be tween two solid tire liases, causing a fracture of second, third and fourth metacarpal bones. This man made a slow recovery and eventually suffered a permanent partial loss of function of the hand. X-Rays, light treatments, doctor f Please turn to page 32) FEBRUARY. 1931 8 The Managing Director's Page This Crazy World h Getting Better $ HOSE pioneers definitely waging war for safety must have been exhilarated by the proposed changes in the status of the worker under the "new deal." For centuries his lot had been one of unsafe and unhealthful working con ditions, excessively long working hours, and inadequate wages. Year in and year out. these and other problems have heen agitated with but a meager prospect of fair and reasonable protection. Many enlightened employers have indeed made remarkable progress in promoting the health, safety and well-being of their workers. In every age there have always been a few in positions of authority who felt a responsibility for those under them, but they were in ad vance of their time, it has only been within the present century that a well developed public conscience has begun to exert a widespread influence on industrial relationships. Only a few decades factory inspection was practically unknown. The worker sold his services at the current rates of pay and assumed the risks of his employment. He took working conditions as he found them, sanitary or unsanitary, dangerous or safe. There was little or no compensation for the man who was injured at his employment. Privation for him and his family was the all too frequent result. The sweatshop operated unchecked bv either law or public opinion. Women and children were exploited shamelessly and there was little protection for them. Tuberculosis claimed a heavy toll. Drunkenness was a problem of much concern to employers who wanted efficient workers as well as to those who were more concerned with its moral aspects. INTERESTING ITEMS CINCE my report in the January issue the Civil Works Administration has invited the .National Safety Council to s&taip a safety program to protect the four million recently acquired new em ployees. Sidney J. Williams of the Council's staff has Been appointed the Federal Safety Director under the CWA program. State Safety Directors have been appointed to work under the State FWA Administrators ami very active programs are now in progress. It is possible that permission will he given to use unemployed persons in traffic surveys. The !TU Inter-City National Safety Contest has been an nounced; applications and printed booklets sent to mayors of cities and governors of state*.; a new pamphlet "Accidents Can Be Prevented**' presenting programs of activities* has been distributed to till of the contest cities. The enrollments by both cities and -tates have exceeded the number of participants in the 1933 Contest. .Many activities arc going on eon-farifiy m expand the Council's activities and improve its administration methods. One recent example U contained in the report of a committee on "Procedure in Making Researches:*' the continual revision of many standard publications. mii'Ii a> die Safe Practices Pamphlets, Public Safety Memos, and similar documents. Tin* financial report and the managing director's annual report will show a -light improvement of the Council's business -situation. Important activities are being carried on and the prospect* for 1931 are better than they have been for several years. Xnw we are beginning to realize that alcoholism is merely a symptom of a disease--of the social structure as well as of the individual Our cities today present many a distressing picture but who would turn time back half a century? True, traffic accidents were comparatively infrequent then but many of the scourges now brought under control by medical science took a heavy toll of child life. A journey by railroad or steamship was undertaken with considerable apprehension, and not without reason. Many a factory bore the unpleasant appellation of ``slaughter house." We have no adequate picture of home accidents during the pre-safety period, but it is not too much to believe that they were even more fre quent than they are today. And nobody believed that any thing could be done about it. Fifty years ago there were no tenement house laws. Any body could build any kind of a building that would bring in the biggest return on the smallest investment. Our metro politan areas, and many smaller communities, too, were un clean, poorly policed, and often infested with an alliance of vice and corrupt politics. The "ragged individualism" that pushed back the frontiers was not conducive to the development of finer traits uf character. 'The leader who had graduated from the hard school of farm or factory was apt to despise the refinements of living. And many worthy people had a secret feeling that indulging even in wholesome recreation softened the moral fibre and encouraged laziness. There was charity, of course, but alms were regarded more as an aid to personal salvation than as a means of helping one's fellow men. Our modern attitude toward sociological problems, imperfect as it still is, represents a great advance. Xow under the auspices of the "new deal" we seein to be taking a-mighty step forward. It is an experiment, and a daring one, but the objectives justify a departure from some of our outworn ideas. Part of the anticipated gains ought to help in solving the particular problem in which the mem bers of the National Safety Council are so greatly concerned. The continuing improvement in working conditions and the growing conviction that accident prevention is real economy, are noticeable on all sides. Xo. never tell me that the world is growing worse, or even standing still. It grows always better. Not swiftly, not with a steady motion of progress, not as impatient men desire it to improve. Still it grows better. It is immensely better than it was fifty years ago. There is more kindness, more interest in the other man's welfare, more impulse toward justice, mure perception of the fundamental truths of human existence and fellowship. As we open up the year 1934 to the opportunities of saving the fives of the workers and protecting their families from avoidable accidents, let: us understand that nothing pays so well as movement for betterment like that which is tied up in the whole problem of accident prevention. NATIONAL SAFETY YETS Wlial Does a Re-Employe<l Worker Think About? Bv HAROLD S. HULBERT, M.D., F.A.C.P. II IS generally recognized that the re-employed workman is more wrought up emotionally than when he was first taken on or employed. It is generally recognized that while un employed he has become addicted to thinking idly. Formerly he was not out of work for very long periods, and when first employed on a job, he would take the work as a matter of course. His interests then were mainly about himself and about ordinary affairs, thus leaving him with sufficient excess interest to be attentive fo mastering this job in all its phases, including the prevention of acci dents. Nowadays, after prolonged unemploy ment there is an unwarranted attitude on the re-employed workman's part that he knows all about safety and that he himself is a safe man. Really he has an insufficient amount of unpledged interest to be much concerned with it. Scientists realize that any individual has only a limited budget of interest or emotion tu spend each day, and that if his interest is deeply centered upon himself he is not going to lie much interested in safety. If he is worried about conditions at home (because worry is intense interest or emotion ) he will have still less concern for anything, including safety. While unemployed his thinking be came idle and hazy, and he did not have an opportunity to keep in practice in the use of judgment. Consequently he is not now sharp-witted, nor is his judgment very reliable, especially in matters concerning himself. His reac tions to hazy ideas are slow and not in cisive: he appears lazy although actually he is just not keen. To meet this situation two things seem very obvious. First, he needs ex plicit orders, as from the foreman and supervisors, and he needs an endless He appears lazy, although actually he is just not keen. What a job for a former sergeant of the Marines! repetition of orders until he has estab lished non-thinking but good habits of safety practices. The second thing is e.verr more im portant. in regard to emotion or interest in adequate amount, he has it not. but we ( must) have it for him. I am reminded of a method used by one commanding officer during the war. He was a quiet, well spoken, keen mind ed, rather pastoral gentleman. He made the decisions as to policy. Among others on his staff were two men in particular. One of them was bright and genteel and more or less of a `yes" man. If the chief approved of an idea presented to him by someone who had come to confer with him, he would refer his visitor to Cap tain Smith, who would amicably work out the details of the plan prior to its execution. The other of the two men under discussion was, upon occasion, the ''no'' man. Fie was loud and boister ous and dynamic and impressive, and could appear very rough and uncouth. X.i >me ever argued with Captain Mur phy: he could shout anyone down. One never forgot what hr said. It took me some time to realize that each of these i Please turn to pate ho t FEBRUARY. 1934 10 Controls Can Be Safe Even When tiie Atmosphere Isn't By J. V. ALFRIEND, jr. LRHAPS the most spectacular Faccident in industry is the explo sion of gases ignited by electric sparks. Such an explosion can wreck a plant and kill or maim dozens of men. The production of films, cellophane, al cohol and petroleum derivatives are typical processes where motor drives must operate in explosive gas mixtures. To remove this hazard the explosiun re sisting motor was developed. Such a motor must be enclosed to prevent the ignition of a gas mixture outside the case from an explosion inside the case. Three constructions are available: tot ally enclosed; totally enclosed, fan cool ed; totally enclosed, pipe ventilated. The first is practical in small and slow speed ratings but becomes prohibitive in cost in medium sizes, and impossible to build in the larger ratings. The last is applicable in relatively few cases and then only when few units are installed. The fan-cooled construction is practi cal for medium size motors of 2 h.p. up to .500 h.p. Built in accordance with the specifications of the National Board of Fire Underwriters and approved by them for Class 1 Group D atmospheres, this motor insures adequate protection under ail conditions coming under that classi fication , This motor in a most desirable oper ating form is shown in Figure i. This is called the heat exchanger or dual venti lated construction. By circulating die internal air through the ducts in the frame adjacent to ducts for the external `Industrial Hnsmceu t i n tr h o u s* Electric &. Aiamifm-turirm Company, Pittsburgh, P.i Kicure I. An motor of the heat exchanger or dual ventilated construction. Figure 3. A small circuit breaker for lighting circuits. air, the rotor heat is disposed of without large temperature gradients and with complete elimination of hot spots. The gases escaping after an explosion within the motor must escape through the bear ings or through the ground metal fit of the brackets to the frame. The cooling thus obtained has teen proved by actual test in Underwriters Laboratories to pre vent ignition of the atmosphere outside the motor. With the hazard removed from the motor, the next step was to build explo sion resisting starters and push-buttons. Figure 2 shows a linestarter of explosion resisting construction suitable for (.'lass 1 Group D atmospheres. Where the ex plosive gases are non-corrosive and dean this is eminently satisfactory. Where the gases are corrosive or dirty, it is necessary to use an oil-immersed con struction. Probably the second most common hazard is that ut fires originating from the operation of circuit interrupting de vice', virice the discovery of the De-ion principle of current interruption, air cir cuit. breakers have been developed to tpply to all feeder and power . irruits, removing the hazards of older types of `(instruction. The X'ofuze switch unit shown in Figure 5 is a small De-ion circuit breaker for lighting circuits. There is no temp tation to wire around the device wher, a refill is not handy: one has simply t.c reclose the circuit breaker to make i: operative. If the fault has not clearer: there will be no burned lingers: the de vice is trip free in all positions. Further more, accidents are prevented by the short time necessary to restore lighting service. The position of the handle shows which switch has operated. Move ment of the handle to the "off" positiot resets the device then to the "on" posi tion, and service is restored in less firm than it takes to tell about it. The ABI De-ion circuit breaker ha; been developed for industrial feede: circuits. This switch has opened shor circuits of 10.000 and 20,000 amperes m 440 volts without setting fire to the .> sorbent cotton with which the case tv: wrapped for the experiment. Figure shows a group of these switches. And the father of them all is the ty U De-ion circuit breaker. Different appearance and construction but 11. same in principle of arc extinction, the.circuit breakers open power faults Figure 2. A line starter suitable for use in Class 1 Group D atmospheres. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW: 11 one-half million to one million arc kv-a. in less than three cycles after the occur rence of the fault. With no oil to throw during the tremendous electrical stresses involved there is no possibility of setting fire to the station. The hazard of fatal shock from work ers coming in contact with live circuits Figure 4. A group of ABI De-ion i-it- i*uit breakers for industrial feeder circuits. is a serious one. This type of hazard falls into two classes: (1) Accidental contact with known live circuits: (2) Contact with a supposedly dead circuit. The first form of hazard is eliminated by the use of "dead front" control and switchboards. All power circuits are be hind the board, and all operating handles are "dead." Not even deliberate suicide is possible from the front of the board. 'The supposedly dead circuit may be guarded by one of the forms of rnetaiclad switchgear known as "lift up" or "roll out." in the former the circuit breaker is lowered from engagement with stationary contacts (possible only with the circuit breaker in the open position) and the unit removed from its compart ment where it may be worked on with all possible safety. \V> one can dose these disconnects while the operator is working on the breaker for the discon nects are the terminals of the breaker. The ``roll out" equipment is similar except that as the term implies the move ment of the unit to disengage the sta rionary rout,arts is horizontal instead of vertical. Figure 6 shows a "lift up'' oil circuit breaker installation with one of the units removed from file compartment and Figure 7 shows a roll out carbon circuit breaker installation. It will be noted that these compartments are of the dead front type. The liability of transformer fires re sulting from lightning disturbances has recently been reduced to the minimum by the development of surge-proof trans formers. This design is capable of with standing direct strokes of lightning with out puncturing the insulation, in this design the insulation of the windings is correlated with the insulation of the terminal bushing or with a special form of lightning arrester in the transformer so that the surge will jump across the terminal bushing to ground or across the arrester before it will puncture the in sulation. In order to improve the trans former insulation to this extent creepage paths had practically to be eliminated because strange as it may seem increased creepage distance does not. increase the resistance to surge voltage in anything like the ratio encountered in the less steep wave fronts of 60 cycle voltages. 1'he most fool-proof equipment that the manufacturer can devise can be made death traps by faulty installation. Many a control board has been installed on the rotational center-line of the driving or driven equipment or where a broken belt might kill or injure the operator. Oper ating and control stations should be placed in the most secure of positions considering the mechanical, electrical and fire hazard. In other words, the control equipment should be located at a place where men in danger will natur ally run to rather than run from. This is made possible only with electrically operated devices such as circuit breakers and contactors. Main circuits must be kept close to the equipment but control circuits for the operation of these de vices may be conveniently and economic ally run almost anywhere. The use of a multiplicity of stop stations is most advantageous. A foot or body operated emergency stop push-button should be located at a machine which is liable to entangle an operator's hands. A second stop station should be close by the machine but safe from it. A third stop station should be located at the supervisor's desk which should be protected from the operating room by safety glass. Here also should be located an emergency switch to shut down the entire plant. In some rare instances it is necessary to place the entire control in a room separate from and protected from the hazards of the operating room. Such a control station must have a dear view of every operating equipment and must be capable of complete control of each individual item. The use of such simple contrivances as door switches seems hardly worth mentioning, yet I doubt if there is a plant in the country where one or more could not be used to eliminate a serious hazard. Any section, compartment or bin where electrical power must be re moved for the operator's safety should not be protected by disconnect switches and a sign warning against the closure Figure iNt lorn deliberate niiiriile i- pn-i-iide from the front of a "dead front"' -witchboard. FEBRUARY. 1934 12 in most instances indicate that it is the average driver who usually comes to grief. As there are more "average ' drivers than exceptionally good or ex ceptionally poor drivers on the road, it is probabiv safe to assume that the ma jority contributes its share to the acci dent total. Therefore, let us direct our efforts in his direction and provide a simple plan of procedure. ft will not be necessary to engage in a very extensive plan nor will it be necessary to set up any elaborate ma chinery. This has already been done for us. The National Safety Council, the insurance companies, and other organizations have long been studying the problem and offer suggestions based upon their findings. From the ideas obtained from the assembled data have come the various traffic ordinances. Local ordinances vary only in minor details. They are Figure 6. A "lift up" oil rirruit breaker installation with one of the units removed from the compartment. really directions for safe driving; they are not difficult to understand, and may be obtained with little cost by the public. A few actual cases may illustrate the point. A traffic rule states that all drivers must drive on the right hand side of the road except while passing another vehicle, and then only when the wav ahead is clear. A recent case--a dear violation of this rule--resulted in the death of the innocent driver. The offending driver was proceeding in the outside lane of traffic, which was moving two abreast. He became impatient, [Hilled out to pass the car ahead and in traveling in the outside right hand, lane of approaching traffic he collided head oti with another car. Of course the Figure \ "roll out" carbon rirruit breaker installation. offending driver was arrested and severe ly punished. Another rule which is frequently dt the switch. The door to such an ettiiwiic should be wired with a low-volt age 'outrol circuit so that while that tioor is open tto circuit breaker or linestarter or other switch may be closed, and that door may not be closed without the kt-v which is in the possession of the man in the compartment. There tire many types of this sort of protection. just a- it is the unloaded pistol that does the must damage, it is the "dead" - ircuit that causes the most deaths. In plants with hundreds of feeders in one of the many forms of networks to im prove regulation, it is difficult to prevent sneak circuits with certain combinations of open and dosed switches. Sad to re late. the unlucky lomliination does not alwars occur on the test at the comple tion of the new installation. Id avoid ;s. 'Y ::v. ce o-cnul'se , ai't'Ull careful workmanship. An aid to this end violated is fhe one which states that all is the purchase of factory assembled traffic must come to a full stop at a combinations of control. The savings in through street and proceed into the inter space anci installation cost are more than section only after observing traffic in all sufficient to pay for the higher price ot directions. A young man swung around such units. the corner from a stop street without -topping and was run into by a truck, The "Aventre" Driver Is An Accident Maker traveling in the fame direction on a through street, Considerable property damage resulted. Hv k. M. KAKtt' Lutting in and out of traffic, which \KKCEXT analysis of automobile accidents in a certain large city , vim's under the head of reckless driving, contributes its share. A truck driver was forced into a protected safety zone indicates understanding (hat the drivers involved of the apparently inno jahcvk another driver and was badly cut when he went through the windshield. cent acts that often end disastrously. some authorities claim that it is the The list is without end. Possibly only minority which contributes most of the .die lolation in ten results in an acci accident frequency, However, a casual dent. but even though the ratio be much investigation of the drivers involved will higher, the effort to obey is certainly .'.drill while. We never know when the wiring diagrams, carefully checked, and 1 in ml v '`oimMiH. i.Ainu. lightning will strike close to fhe fireside. \ VriOA A1. S A V KTY M-'AVF L3 What Happened In the Safety World in 1933 Bv WILLIAM H. CAMERON The Annual Report of the Managing Director, National Safety Council WISH it were possible to condense into an epigram, as did the friends and relatives of the western cowboy, the essence of our Council family life in 1933. You will remember that the epitaph curved on this westerner's tomb stone was "He never licked his mother." If our joint accomplishments were dis tilled into one phrase 1 would say "we never batted an eye- - we kept plugging up hill." I could till the space allotted to this report by enumerating the activities of the Council for any one typical day dur ing the year. The pace is rapid; the momentum exhilarates; every individual out of a cemetery is subject to accidents twenty-tour hours a day. Our task Is to work together to protect them from accident hazards. With the depression continuing most of the year unabated, gripping and sacrificing production and the normal work of many people, it has been difficult to carry on constructive,, protective anti altruistic enterprises. We have been confronted with this attitude, \\Y must first provide bread, t iothing and belter: we will risk possible acci dents." However, it will always be one of our tountry's glorious achievements that while struggling with economic problems, so many of its good citizens have per sisted in their efforts to protect life from accidents. All during 1933, ,354 nonpaid, big-hearted, intelligent committee men served the membership of the Na tional Safety Council, and through the activities of the Council, our large popu lation. Credit goes to them for their un selfish and humanitarian interest in pro tecting the lives of little children; in pre serving the breadwinner to his family; in lessening the horror and grief that might have been caused by more accidents: yes, in effecting economic savings too. The 1.933 record will show another reduction in accidents; not in all direc tions, because the uncontrolled automo bile driver, pedestrian, and the thought less person in the home are still slow to learn the safety lesson, but we have the comfort of knowing that slowly but surely safety is being accepted as feas ible; dangerous conditions and modes of living are being corrected; life is being protected as never before. Let us get down to detail. What did the National Safety Council do in 1933 that is worth ten minutes nf your time to scan: 1, Progress or achievement of any kind is the sum total of millions of efforts. And like the standards of our home life that are being made by millions of mothers, the approved working con ditions everywhere are due to the pain staking efforts of thousands upon thou sands of the men on the job. But what was the spectacular new activity fur safety in 1933? Probably the recog nition by the Federal Government of the need for protecting the four million workers employed under the CWA pro gram. The Federal Government has not established in its budget or working program the modern safety organization recognized as an integral parr nf opera tions by comparable large industrial organizations. Your Council has bom barded a dozen of the leading Federal Governmental departments in Washing ton for the past six months with little results, but the CWA will prove to President Roosevelt the need for organ izing definite safety activities, for setting up separate budget items to ascertain the costs of accidents to governmental employees for unearthing the causes of these, accidents, and then for finding the means for their eradication.. The Fed eral Government must be an example to every employer anti employee. The concern and protection of the lives and welfare of mir people surely should be manifested under direct employment conditions. 2. Every activity undertaken by the Council benefits American industries directly or indirectly. From an indus trial standpoint, however, it seems par ticularly important to emphasize the increasing values of the National Safety News, the Safe Worker, the monthly News-Letters of our 20 indus trial sections and of the ASSE-Engineering Section, the Safety Calendar, the 63 safety posters distributed each month, not. only the new but also the revised pamphlets in our Safe Practices and Health Practices series, the established annual repor t known as "Accident Facts." and the separate statistical studies for 52 major industries. Six na tional trade safety contests, as well as the Steam Railroad Contest, accompa nied by the "Green Book" were carried on. In all. 46 trophies and 105 certifi cates were a.warded to the winners in these contests, and hundreds of medals were presented to persons saving lives through the prone pressure method of resuscitation. The industrial health services have been maintained and much time given to a consideration of techni cal research, study, and publication of results. Work on safety codes, as well as cooperation with the American Stand ards Association, with trade associations, and with engineering colleges have been continued. 5. Our publicity services were contin ued and strengthened. The recognition of the accident problem by the news papers and magazines was helpful. Many new services; hundreds of special arti cles and stories were sent to the editors. Radio broadcasting, material for ad dresses, interpretive data were sent to many members and people of influence. Trade journals carried special stories on accident prevention, some of them run ning series of articles. 4. Because highway accidents con stitute our greatest accident problem today, the Council is ever alert to its responsibilities in this field. All of the general services established over years uf trial and experiment have been msin- FEBRUARY. 1934 14 tain-ai including the regular publication and distribution of Public Safety. There was constant attention to the problem of drivers' license laws; essential statistics were broadcast at the end of each month; the commercial fleet con test and similar activities were main tained. The Second Annual Inter-City Safety Contest grew in interest and ac complishment. Awards were made at public ceremonies in seventy cities, where prizes were awarded for first, second and third places in each group, and there were 49 honorable mentions. These ceremonies were held simultan eously and all joined together through the radio broadcasting hook-up. Con tinued cooperation was given the Na tional Conference on Street and High way Safety. And special engineering studies, important annual and regional conferences and contacts were main tained throughout the year. 5. The school safety program, fi nanced by the National Bureau of Cas ualty and Surety Underwriters, has brought about a steady reduction in child accidents. The school safety prob lem is getting more and more into the consciousness of the state educational leaders. Contacts were maintained with the National Congress of Parents and Teachers, and similar cooperating insti tutions. 6. The Community Safety Councils have suffered grievously from the de pression, but new Councils were organ ized during the year and continued service rendered those operating by cor respondence, conference and personal contact. The Annual Conference of the Managers, the Monthly News - Letter and similar services were maintained. 7. Our New York office has contin ued. through many committee activities, to serve the members in the New York and Atlantic (.'oast area. There have been district meetings, a greater New York Safety Conference, special activi ties through new study committees, con tact with Washington departments: per sonal services to the Safety Councils operating on the Eastern Seaboard; out standing accomplishments through the .Metropolitan Chapter of the ASSEEngineering Section; through the organ ization of representatives of motor vehicle fleets, and in other ways, S. Twenty-two regional safety con ferences were consummated between the Washington and Chicago Congresses. Full time services were given to our Na tional Government, by the director of our Public Safety Division ami by the director of our Publicity Division; and part-time service by the manager of our New York office. In addition to the hundreds of speeches made by voluntary committeemen and members during the year the staff also made many speeches and were in constant attendance upon the members at the various committee meetings. Services were rendered to our Pacific Coast members through the State of California Safety Convention and a number of speeches. The Annual Con gress in Chicago was planned and exe cuted on the same scale as previous an nual conventions, and the attendance this year was larger than at the 1932 Congress in Washington. 9, Among the new services instituted in 1933 were our new publications "School Buses;" "Safety Instruction Cards;" "You and Your Job;" "Safe Driving Pays;" "Safer Cities;" the new "Service Guide;" the jig-saw type of puzzle picture; the new booklet "What is the National Safety Council?" a num ber of Public Safety Memos and Indus trial Data Sheets: new Safe Practices pamphlets, and revised and reconstruct ed pamphlets; "Safe Driving Hints," and a number nf others of more or less importance. In spite of a reduction in income and the necessity for living a hand-to-mouth existence, every essential activity of the Council has been carried on: every call for service met promptly; every request for cooperation and service promptly filled....The requests for sample publica tions from many parts of the world, given freely, are opportunities the Coun cil welcomes. The really outstanding accomplish ment in 1933 was the maintenance of interest and activities among the mem bers of the Council and among the many cooperating institutions joining hands in this national undertaking. This page could well be filled with a list of activi ties bv state and local governmental departments, insurance companies, rail roads, various associations, and others interested specifically and directly in the safety problem. The safety move ment fared better than many other wel fare or humanitarian activities. By dem onstrating the practicability of stopping accidents in many groups from play grounds to organized plants, all of us have helped to set the example of long time no-accident, records. Such records convince us that accident prevention must be made a part of our mode nf liv ing; it must be made as natural as the maintenance of sanitation and protective health measures. The ups and downs of our economic lives may limit the rapid ity of our success, but the justice and reasonableness of preserving lives will never be questioned. Leadership and Money How many times have we said to one another that the Council has all of the problems of the typical business organ ization, plus the difficult task of meet ing the demands made upon it out of current income. A letter, or even a tele phone call, costs money. As the Council grows older and bigger the public as sumes that the Council must be a Santa Claus, a public library, or a municipal bathing beach, where everything is given free. Our leading committees know how difficult it is to spend our comparatively small income for the best interests of our members, and yet at the same time stretch out a helping hand to many others. The Council naturally follows wise business methods. It lives within its income and still maintains its pledged activities, ft has no capital, reserves, or endowments. Yet in 1933 the Coun cil lived within its income and stretched every dollar to the utmost. The depression has taught us that a successful continuing institution must have a foundation of money to assure continued activity without abatements. Experiments were started in 1933 to test out how responsive our members would be to a plan of building up a fund which could be used not only to expand the program of activities but also to relieve your officers and committees of the worry and struggle for economic ex istence. Our safety progress depends up on leadership and money. Enough is now known about the technique of safety to put the Council as a whole in a posi tion where it can give the answer to al most every accident problem, but we cannot adequately publicize the prescrip tion without larger money resources. We cannot serve adequately, we cannot grow us we should without adequate funds to pay the accident prevention bill. Among the changing leadership and sponsorship of the Council, there were several deaths during the year that will mean a loss to the safety movement for years to come. Among these should be mentioned Mr. Elisha Lee, vice-presi dent of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com pany. and ;t mem Iter of the Advisory Committee of the Council; Mr. Edwin Pltdxc turn t<i page ia NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 15 f? Before experimenting with fancy methods for the pre vention of occupational der matoses. why not try simple methods of personal and e n v i r o mnental cleanliness ? Try Cleanliness First W By W. R. REDDEN, M. D. {\ , ;:S ANY employees suiter from skin ; H affections because of contact " ' with cutting oils, dust and other irritants. In fact, industrial dermatoses head the lists of industrial diseases when ever reported. Yet the real trouble may Le dirt--both the ordinary dirt that we recognize as "dirty" and the general kind that is merely "matter out of place." My own study and the experience of numerous industries convinces me that in many cases the best preventive is keeping clean. Personal and environ mental cleanliness has definitely cut down the number of cases of dermatitis sskin inflammation! with only simple and inexpensive measures based on soap and water. Of course, many circumstances give rise to skin irritations (dermatoses) but they are all subject to similar principles of origin and control. For instance, many young persons of adolescent age sutler embarrassment and distress be cause of greasy skin, blackheads and pimples. These skin conditions are the result of radical rhanges going on with in the body as the child develops into an adult. An examination of more than a million * Dircf'tur, KMrst Aid. X`*w York <'mutty * "h;i inAmuriiNin Keri c1rn<j=. FEBRUARY. 1934 persons from 14 to it) years of age in England during the period 1922-25--as these boys and girls came up for certifi cates of fitness for work- shows that for every 100 reasons given for condi tional and definite rejection, .54.71 were for skin disease. A large number of these adolescents reach adult life with a skin particularly sensitive to external and internal reactions. !.n other words, there is an individual variation and sus ceptibility to skin reactions, irrespective of the cause. Skin irritation and skin diseases are nmmon to all who rub in dirt, grime, or other foreign materials. After years of traveling, we, who have a normally clear skin, find that we have many blackheads about the nose after a whole day on a train, especially in warm weather. After a number of years of observation, we find that the ordinary dust and dirt which is stirred up in train travel lodges on the face. We rub it in a hit - and the dirt clogs the oil gland openings. This causes itching. Ini reused rubbing or even scratching on our part almost invariably results in a i rop of blackheads and pimples about the nose, \s surgeon to the hotels at Yellow time Park for a number of seasons, we had occasion to treat 300 nr 400 patients with boils during a four months' sum mer season each year - chiefly among bus drivers and the group of 85 or 90 motorcycle patrols who regulated traffic. We were well aware of the fact that these boils had no relation to bad blood, since years before it had been demon strated that boils were an infection of hair follicles. This infection was due chiefly to dirt and bacteria that had been ground or rubbed into the open ings of hair follicles where they caused an irritation which was relieved by scratching with finger nails or by the part of the garment in contact with that part of the skin. What are some of the factors in the development of industrial dermatosesr1 Anything from hot water and mild soap, which are harmless, to pitch, tar, and arsenic, which are definitely poison ous. may cause a skin irritation with resultant inflammation if these materials come in contact with the skin in suffi cient quantities over a sufficient length of time. It is well known in medicine that if ,t person is exposed to certain substances repeatedly, at first nothing may happen to the skin or to the body in general, oui gradually or even rapidly this re peated contact may make the skin or body sensitive to the material and result 16 in a dermatosis or even a general body reaction. This might well be the case with workers in sugar, gardeners who handle hyacinth bulbs, or even house wives who fondle the beautiful blooms of the Japanese primrose. We are speak ing of specific cases which have been personally observed. It is quite possible that certain persons who suffer from "rubber itch." "bakers' itch." etc., might fall under this group, even though we know that at least the hexamethylenetetramin used in the rubber industry is of itself toxic. Individual Susceptibility Season, temperature and humidity, working conditions, and kind of skin piav an important part. It has been observed that when workers in industries in which cutting oils or dust of various kinds are found, become soaked with perspiration, there is an increase in dermatoses; and that dry-skinned per sons and persons troubled with excessive oil 'seborrheal are more susceptible than normally oily - skinned persons. Probably part of the answer in regard to heat and perspiration lies in the fact that more dirt is taken up by the perspi ration; that the person in an attempt to keep the sweat out of eyes and off the hands, brushes his hands and arms acros> each other, across the forehead and the hark of the neck, thus rubbing in the dirt. If the substance is toxic in itself, so much the worse. Moreover, if work clothes are filled with dust and dirt, then become soaked with perspira tion or oil. every movement of the body us well as the rubbing with the hands grinds in the grime and irritating sub stances. Apparently the oil on the skin is the first line of defense against irritants and other dermatoses producers. I fence, if the natural skin oil is frequently removed by gasoline, benzine, kerosene and other grease solvents, the skin becomes dry, harsh, and cracked, and the first barrier to dermatosis is destroyed. The same holds true when pumice, harsh and abra sive cleaners, and stiff brushes are used. That this natural skin fat is an important factor in the prevention of cancer is indicated by the following: 1,.molin applications to the skin alternated with synthetic tar delayed tumor development. Where hmntm was applied twite as utter., cancer did not appear. The -ivnthetir tar used was many times mure potent than sh.de oil, the most dangerous com mercial ml. f'he occupational dermatoses are not primari ly caused hv iiifmmri uf the skin, when the skin becomes irritated, when haetem from the skin are carried bv dirt, grease, uori-poisonuus or poisonous substances in the openings about the hairs, the way is open for infection. When itching causes scratching with bacteria-iaden finger nails, ut rubbing with dirty hands, arms, or clothing, the skin is broken and germs find an open door to a fine incubator. SVhen the skin is wiped with coarse burlap, waste, or cloths which contain minute particles of dirt and metai, or when a skin covered with oil and dirt is rubbed with clean waste or dean cloths, the surface is broken and the greatest defense of the skin against infection is destroyed. With these preliminary statements we are now ready to consider the preven tion of dermatoses and their control in industry. Obviously, for materials like acids and alkalis, including chromium, which destroy the skin oil and skin, there are two answers: provide closed equipment wherever possible: provide workers with adequate protective covering. In other words--keep these skin destroyers off the skin. Require a pre-employment physical examination for every applicant and a periodic examination of all employees when there is to Ire an exposure to a known toxic substance. Exclude those with skin disease. In the case of paraffin workers, there should Ire a daily skin examination. Do a patch skin test on all who are to be exposed to toxic materials and also on all who develop 'a dermatosis during employment. The skin patch test is simple. Soak a piece of sterile gauze about one inch square in a solution of the substance to be tested: apply this to the skin of the inner surface, of the forearm and hold it in place with adhe sive and allow it to remain 24 to 4S hours. Redness at the end of this time indicates a positive reaction. I crop of small blisters indicates a more positive reac tion. N'o special change is a negative. Avoiding Contact Whenever it is evident that a worker has it susceptible skin, whether this is due to a systemic condition, to a natural dryness of the skin, or to sensitization of the skin following repeated exposure, the person should he transferred to a non-exposure task. In addition, it is important to keep as much of this toxic material as possible away from contact with the worker. This is done by use of a dosed process as far as this is possible and by the use of protective materials such as gloves, aprons, snug fitting clothes tight at neck, wrists, waist and ankle. ft is just as important to remove these substances as rapidly and as effectively as possible from the skin. An illustra tion of how the American Cyanamid Company solves its problem will help. It was found that the most satisfactory results were obtained as follows: 1. Workers change from street clothes into dean work clothes at the beginning of the day. 2. They bathe thoroughly before leaving the plant. :>, They make a complete change of work clothes from the skin out after the wash-up. 4. Men unloading cars of evanamid are fur nished with dean underwear and outer clothing. 3. Soap dispensers were installed in the locker rooms containing the following solution: Glycerine ..............................96u grams Alcohol ................................ 69 J grams .Salicylic Acid ...................... >40 grams This solution is applied to the face, neck, wrists and hands after bathing and seems to keep the skin soft and pliable. 6. Plant hospital records showed 221 cases of dermatitis treated during 1920. During the next year, after the above system was put into effect, only 29 cases were treated, and these fell within the first five months. Fungus Infection Fungus infection has claimed more and more attention during the past few years, because of publicity given to cures for so-called "athletes foot". This has been helpful to industry because it has unearthed cases of dermatitis due to fungi. Since the United States Public Health Service estimates that as high ns SO million people in the United States have this ringworm infection each year, it is obvious that many of these wises must appear in industry. Recently it was recognized that ,i person with ringworm infection in one part. like the toes, may develop a derm atitis elsewhere without spread of the infecting agent to that part. In . it her words. a toxic substance may cause this distant dermatitis. Fungus forms of dematitis have not been studied suffi ciently to warrant further discussion at this time, but this form should be kept in mind when dermatoses are considered. Before you try any of the innumerable methods for the prevention of industrial dermatoses, give the simple methods of personal and environmental cleanliness a thorough trial under adequate super vision. Then add to these the proper handling of oils for re-use. For cutting oils and compounds, then, the primary preventive measure rests squarely upon supervised washing with a mild soap, a soft individual scrubbing brush, running hot water, and the use .if a personal towel. To this we add, wear leather aprons to prevent abdominal irritation and wear a simple, clean band about the forehead ,->uch as is used by tennis players to keep perspiration from pouring down into the eyes and to prevent contact of the arm NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 17 or soiled hand to wipe away this pers piration. Such a procedure calls for plenty of clean protectors made of old. soft doth. Keep ail work clothes dean and dry. The frequency of washing the clothing will depend upon the amount of contact with dirt, oil, or perspiration. Some groups have found it pays to set up a laundry equipment to handle under clothes and outside work clothes and the towels of the employees. Washing Facilities ( ertain it is that work clothes should always be changed for street clothes, etc., and should be kept in locker rooms where they will thoroughly air and dry. The re-used oil should be freed from metallic materials and should be steri lized. The workers should be taught never to use waste to wipe oils from the hands because waste contains bits of metal and dirt which may break the skin and open the way tor infection. It has been found that a magnet will pick up plenty of such particles when the skin is wiped with waste. The workers should be taught to rinse off the oil, etc., under running hot water with the use of mild soap rather than to use the tutting compounds for cleansing purposes. This holds true for the use of kerosene, gasoline, etc. as be fore mentioned. Dr. Gray.* Director of the Bureau of Industrial Hygiene of ( onnecticut, says. "We feel that if proper washing-facilities are provided and someone of authority be delegated to see that they are used, that oil dermatitis can be readily con trolled. "Dr. Taylor. Director of the Medical Department of the General Electric Plant of Bridgeport, has eliminated oil dermatitis from the plant by insisting on proper washing and banishing harsh cleaners and abrasives from the wash ing rooms." The purely mechanical action in plug ging skin openings, causing a backing up of skin oil with distension of the oil ducts and subsequent irritation is well illustrated by zinc oxide. This non - toxic, non - irritating sub stance causes what is known in the in dustry as "zinc pox". Just as with other dust that is rubbed into the skin open ings, zinc oxide causes itching and as the dust is rubbed into the gland ducts it carries with it body dirt, waste and bacteria. The itching results in scratching with *!>r, Albert S `Srav, t-Vh KI. -onal GGnmiunK'Htion, FEBRUARY. 1934 dirty finger nails or rough, soiled cloth ing. Frequently, a purely mechanical irritation is turned into a secondary in fection. The gland ducts plugged with dirt and skin waste offer a splendid chance for bacterial development in an incubator with automatic control. When the tops of the pimples are sc ratched off and the material is squeezed out, itching is relieved. The condition is found most frequently in the pubic region, scrotum, and inner surface of the thighs; that is, where there is continuous exposure of the body and clothing to zinc oxide during work periods. This is aided by free perspira tion (greater in parts of skin rubbed together). The prevention of this type of derma tosis is simple: 1. Exclusion of zinc oxide dust by using a dosed system as far as pessihle. 2. Use of special work clothes--close weave, snug neck, wrist, waist and ankles. Frequent cleaning of work clothes. 4. Thorough washing of muslin and collect ing bags before they are mended. Provision of adequate and suitable bathing facilities so that workers sail bathe at the said of the work day. ft. Instruction ot the workers m personal hy giene which reallv amounts to instruction, in personal cleanliness. 7'his matter of personal cleanliness is the prime factor in prevention, for even the workmen themselves say that the disease depends entirely' upon personal cleanli ness, and that tt they take a datlv hath there is no trouble. ", Reporting of the skin disease should he made compulsory. Bathing should he under supervision ami a serious attempt should be made to develop an esprit de corps among the workers that will automatically swing new workers into line ami keep old workers in lint*. General Preventive Measures Because dermatoses form such a large proportion of all occupational diseases and are often disabling, one should be familiar with at least the more important occupations that are exposed to skin irritants. Complete lists are almost impossible because almost any foreign substance can become a skin irritant if it is in continuous contact with the skin. But it is always possible to have in chart form a complete listing of all chemicals used in your plant. To this list should be added a complete chemical analysis of all new materials as they are intro duced into old or new processes. Against, such a list, it is then possible to < heck up on the substances that are known irritants or that are known to tause dermatoses. Substitute a non irritating substance for a known irritant wherever possible. Give the worker every possible pro tection against contact with a known irritating substance. In addition to the use of protective clothing, the length of time of exposure each day should be reduced by a system of alternation of work wherever this is possible. Provide for cleaning down machines, walls, benches, and other surfaces. Make this cleaning frequent enough to keep the equipment and the air as free as possible front scatterable dust and to re duce to a minimum the contact of the worker with oils, dyes, and other sub stances used in the operations. Make floors impermeable and keep them clean. Paint walls so they will show up dirt and so they can be thoroughly cleaned and have them cleaned regularly. Wherever possible, have machinery painted to show up oil and dirt, and keep it clean. Put the workers in washable uniforms provided by the company and laundered by either the worker or the company. The American Rolling Mill Company tried this out with men handling sheer metal- -and found it paid. Have adequate handwashing and other toilet facilities readily available in com fortable places and provide ample shower heads to take care of peak loads. Either supply soap and towels, or provide a routine whereby each worker has his own. If a scrubbing brush is indicated, make it a part of required equipment but be sure brushes are not harsh. Supervise handwashing, bathing, arid the change from street clothes into work s lotlies ,md work clothes into street clothes. Put. all toilets, washrooms, and locker moms in charge of a cleaner who does nothing but keep equipment and rooms i lean. Many plants have used for years a "worker scrubber" who handles humans as laundry instead of clothing. These -i rubbers scour the skin of workers who have been exposed to dirt, dust, or oils during the work day. Give the workers sufficient time for the routine dean-up on company time; you will find it does not take long once a system is established. You will find that reduction in lost time will more than pay for the effort. Before you try fancy methods for the prevention of industrial or occupational dermatoses, try the simple methods of persona! and environmental cleanliness, for there is no industrial disease that can be prevented and even cured to a higher degree by this simple method. 18 Foremen As Teaeliers By W. DEAN KEEFER" Fhe successful foreman causes his men to learn correct habits, and to think EVERY worker who conies into an industrial organization to per form a job which he has not been doing regularly in that plant presents a problem which must ire solved by that man's foreman. Not only must, the fore man teach the new man how to do his rob efficiently, but he tnust also teach him how to do it. without injury to him self or to others nearby. before starting the teaching process, however, there tire several important things which the foreman will want to check. First: Is the right equipment available for the job? For instance, if the man is to truck i .tilings from the foundry to the machine shop, is the right type of truck available? second: Is the equipment guarded and in a safe condition? If the new man is to operate a lathe, are the gears guard ed, is the starting and stopping device in good condition, i.-> there suitable illum ination, is the floor in goud condition, is there enough "elbow mom" for the operator, and are the goggles suitable for this job? Third: Is the method of operation corrects The foreman must be absolute ly sure in kenhing a new man to do his job, that ne is teaching him the efficient and sate method of operation. Other wise. the quality am) quantity of pro duction are hound to suffer, and in addi tion. the man .sooner or later is sure to tie injured. After these three preliminaries have been checked, the foreman is then ready to take the new man and start the real business ot teaching. This involves at least four -tops: l [ ell him. T chow him. T Have hint practice. Y Watch and < hoi k him (supervi sion i. it is never -ufficient. simply to tell a man how to do a new job. .Most ot us forget a great portion of those things vve hear, telling, therefore, should be supiiienirtited hv -bowing, tor after all, im- 1 nr. Industrial I'ivisiuu, Xtfional FMunoii, pressions gained through the eye are much more lasting than those which come through the ear. It has often been said that experience is the best teacher. Certainly in work such as this, the teacher should use this method of letting the student practice the job, thus clinching in his mind the things he has heard and seen. This step serves as a check on both the foreman and the man. If the man does the job correctly, the lesson has been well pre sented; if he cannot, the lesson has tailed to register. Watching and re-checking the man through careful supervision constitutes the tinul step in teaching a man a newjob. This step is never-ending and is necessary not only to make sure the man remembers what he has learned, but also to see that he does not get into trouble either through experimentation or through an effort to establish short-cut methods. t"nfortunately, many foremen who are successful in every other re-pect, fre quently fail as teachers -- particularly when two or more new men cume into their departments at the same time. Quite often, a foreman will succeed with the first man in each group, but when he gets to the second man ur to the third or fhe tenth, he becomes tired of hts lines." He hates to repeat what he ha? already raid and done. In other words, he is a poor actor. He has lost sight of the fact that success as a teacher. like that of an .actor, depends upon one's ubility to be just as .unvincing in the second or tenth performance as in the first, A Teacher's Qualifications Psychologists agree that the best teaching is done hv those who present their subjects from the positive rather than from the negative point-of - view. That is. the best teachers place the great est emphasis on "what to do." 1 f at any time it is necessary or desirable to ex plain "what nnr to do." the teacher -.houid be unusually careful to give the reasons '.ofty certain things should not he done, Many foremen do not realize how easv it i- h.r the superintendent or mana ger to check up their ability as teachers, Most accidents result either from unsafe conditions or unsafe practices. And every rime a foreman states that "the man was injured through his own carelessness m thoughtlessness." he, the foreman, con demns himself as a teacher. The success ful teacher or foreman causes hi? "stu dent" to learn correct and safe habit.and to think. So if a worker is injure through carelessness or thoughtlessness isn't it obvious that that man did ndevelop the safe habits which the fore man tried to teach him? Tine thing more: what qualificationshould the foreman have if he is to be . good teacher? Here is a list of answer recentiv suggested by a group of foreme: themseives: 1. Knowledge of the subject. T Tactfulness. A Ability to command the respei" his tm*n. 4, Patience. 'incero interest in the workets. n. Ability as an "actor," :-'uc< essful foremen are no; bos.-tfhey were in the so-called good nld da of .'ii nr del years ago. Instead, they i eade r> --a n ri t eac hers. Coming Event.* t If Interest to Safety Men Mar. 6-7. New York City Firm Annual Urcater New York SdUTv < fvtviKc- Itilien H. Harvey, inamu'cc Voric Offn'r. .\.itu>nal Sitety C<>uitc.tL 1 F 41 st Mreet, New \ uric Citv Oct, -9-Nov. A Atlantic City, N. J. \M-r; H-tli tr.'N ASSuCiatfon, .SlV'erUth ( 'nrivtriuum. Alexander Fonvani, niarutr diicaor. *4!) lexifiRtun Aw., New V u;k C y May 14-18, Atlantic City, N. j. Annual MeeSinc. National Fire Protect . 'V--uklariou. Franklin H. ''XVntworth mix director, N.F.P.A., 60 Bafterynwrh B<vso io. Mass, Sept, J-6, Pasadena. Calif. \mencan Public Health Actuation, Six'.* third Annual Meetinc. Executive Scv't-t;.' [.) He.idall Fnieruin. 4'-u V\.-nth Act A Y.uh f itv. Oct. 1-5, Cleveland, O. A 4 AAT r TY COUNCIL, 'j Venrv-th.: Annual Aitetv Con crew. Manamnc Direr** vXr, H, Cameron, r) North Warker Dr'-, rhicaeo. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW- The IBiggest Industrial Safety Job Ever Attempted \9 By ("ARMAM T. FISH No private enterprise has yet equalled the task of protecting the 4.000.00(1 men on WA jobs PI. TTIXU. four million men at work on useful jobs in less than one month ranks among the great accomplishments of all time. The Fed eral Civil Works Administration might be called a triumph of organization, in genuity and hard work, (.ionsidering the slowness with which large organiza tions are expected to function, particu larly governmental bodies, the speed of the < WA has (teen amazing--even in an age which is becoming accustomed to rapid changes. f 'WA is by far the largest employer on this i eminent, its workers far out number those of United States Steel Corporation. Ueneral Motors, and a dozen other mammoth corporations com bined, The < 'WA was organized to meet an emrtgency situation, to provide gain ful employment where it wan urgently needed and with the least possible delay, .-fate, i minty and local administrators have received the warmest praise front the heads of the administration for their loyal ami energetic work . Flic preliminary organization work had scarcely been launched when the UWA realized that it. was confronted with a staggering problem- -the protec tion of these four million workers. With at least one billion man-hours to be worked there would probably be between bOu anri 500 fatalities, while non-fatal injuries of varying severity might run into the thousands. And. because of the hasty organization of this vast force with comparatively little training and super vision, any estimates based on industrial averages might easily be exceeded. Here both the economic and human itarian motives for preventing accidents were to he found in even greater degree than in industry, i'he ( WA had the obligation to provide the maximum of employment from the appropriated funds and luttld ill afford heavy com pensation and medical costs. The men employed on * 'WA jobs were in urgent need of the income, and disabling injury might make the depression a permanent condition for the victim. The govern- meat had the same dear cut responsi bility for its workers that has been ac cepted by private industry1. In looking for a solution for this vast problem, the Administration turned to the National Safety Council for help in organizing its forces for accident pre vention. In December, at the request of Harry L. Hopkins, federal director of the UWA. the Council contributed the services of Sidney j. Williams, director if the Public Safety Division, to launch the safety organization--the biggest in dustrial safety job ever attempted. The administration realized at the -tart that the job was much too big for any man or arty group of men in Wash ington. Hence the iirst step was to de centralize it, just as the UWA is decen tralized into state, county and local units which are very largely autonomous Time was short. The entire < 'WA program tumid be completed and the working forces demobilized by the time safety work would ordinarily be just starting to function, I'he whole hope for the success of the program depended un getting the immediate support, of the state administrators. The first step, therefore, was to wire each state adminis trator to pick out the best, safety man ! AUTION AND ! COOPERATION I -- , - WILLGIVEUS Work . WITHOUT I Accidents ,! j Federal.Civil Works Administration j C.W.A. jobs are SAFE jobs he could find and appoint him as state safety director for UWA. If a compe tent man. unemployed at the time, was available, the administrator could hire him. If the man he wanted was em ployed, he was to borrow him. The Uoundl furnished lists of qualified men iti all parts of the country. I'he response to this appeal has been splendid. .Men who were already busy with their regular jobs were loaned to the UWA for the emergency. Other ex perienced safety directors accepted these positions at salaries far below their normal earning power. There was no time to prepare elabor ate plans and instructions, since the original plans of the government called for the completion of the work by Febru ary 15. At Washington it was not even known just what kinds of work were in progress in the different states. The ini tial safety program was mimeographed m ;t single sheet of paper. Briefly, it included; daily inspections of the job, with a part or full - time inspector on every job employing ten or more men: correction of physical hazards in com pliance with existing codes; placing men on jobs suited to their physical and mental powers; instruction of new men by foremen; the provision of adequate lirst-aid facilities on every job. and the immediate reporting of accidents to the -rate safety director. Since then the federal administration ttas issued a dozen bulletins and letters explaining various parts of the program anri ottering practical advice on prevent ing the various types of accidents that might be expected. Mr. Williams has held meetings in Chicago, Boston, New Vork. Washington and Birmingham, conferring with the state safety directors and strengthening the organization 'brotigh interchange of experience. "Our main reliance is on the exper ience, initiative anri energy of our state directors." says Mr, Williams. "1 have -aid to every mie of them. Here are a >me suggestions as to what you might do. but don't take them too seriously. FEBRUARY. 1Q34 211 Meeting of -tuti- -iitety directors, CAT A. lielrl at National Safety Council headquarters. Percmber 2t. 1*133. Mantling: H. j. Hranimeier, Missouri: \T. :l. t .ameron, Net : S). F. McCauley, Nebraska: Siiiuey J. Williams, NSC. federal director of safety, CW A: Arthur F. Ihinnebaekc, Michigan; Huger C, kerchnff. VTiscmisiti; i). T. McMurchy. Ohio; \V. Dean Keefer, NSC. Seated: C, W. McFarland, Iowa; A, E. Holsteilt, Illi nois S. M. Oamlerdale. Arkansas; K. D. Murphey. Oklahoma; VP. Fierce MacC.oy, Indiana; Robert i.. Schmitt, Kentucky. Your job is to go out and stop accidents in your state, and i don't care how you do it.' " Most of the state directors of safety also felt that their first problem was organization. Many of them have al ready employed from half a dozen to thirty or forty competent safety engi neers to go out into the field, interest the county and local administrators and the job supervisors, size up the situation and jive specific instructions. They' have also distributed copies of the one poster issued to date by the * AVA, which is reproduced herewith. Eighty thousand of these posters have been printed, half in the large and half in the small size. These are sent out only as requested by the state directors to avoid having them lie around unused. The second poster, which urges first aid for all injuries, has k'<-n purchased from the National Safety 1 ouncil and ds.noit copies are being dis tributed. First aid tor minor injuries is mie cif the important items of the pro gram. A i, otnpetent first aid man on every job has been the aim of the ad ministration but some jobs have gone still further and provided a nurse to handle one group or a combination of groups. Many of the states and local units are purchasing simple first-aid kits. Prompt and accurate accident report ing is another fundamental which has been stres-ed. The states are now begin ning to furnish Washington with reports which present a < learer picture of the problems involved. The outstanding problems are those which arise from in experience and lack of supervision. For example, seireral men have been killed while digging in gravel pits when the bank has fallen in on them. This would not have occurred with expert supervi sion. The transportation of men to and from work in trucks has tilso involved several accidents, and serious hazards have been encountered in using explo sives and in ditch digging. The use of hand tools, as in private industry, has been accompanied by numerous minor injuries. The federal administration has under taken this ambitious safety program not only to hold down compensation costs, which would otherwise lie enormous, hut also to make them better and Alter workers when they return to regular employment. The t'AVA is endeavoring ro establish a new standard of safety in the 1 'niteci Mates, and it is putting safety on the map in many districts and among groups where it was unknown before. * >f the four million workers employed, com paratively few ever received any previous instruction in accident prevention. Other plans now being formulated by the f AYA are also contributing to public welfare, as well as putting men bark to work. For years traffic engineers have tomplained about the lack of definite information about traffic. Traffic re search projects, carefully planned and unquestionably needed have been post poned because the men and money ro ..trry them out were not available. Now it has been made possible to carry out these plans. ->\eral progressive cities have taken advantage of the opportuni ty and have used (AVA yvurkers to con duct traffic surveys anil studies of other traffic problems. Unfortunately, many cities have not been able to supply the necessary technical talent to direct surveys because falling revenues had crippled their own police and engineer ing departments. Consequently a big traffic survey project is now being plan ned in which the local ( WA offices will supply the men and the federal office will borrow or employ an adequate traffic engineering staff to give technical advice and supervision to the various cities. Plans have been discussed with the American Automobile Association, the National Bureau of (`asualty and Surety Underwriters and the National Safety ' ounril. The success of such a project would require not only the cooperation of these bodies but also the activre par ticipation of traffic men in cities all over the country;. The experience acquired by the Na tional Safety Council in more than twenty years of service to humanity has proved invaluable to the country in the present emergency, and the Council wel comed the opportunity ro put across .. safety program among four million men. most of yvhom had never before been exposed to any safety instruction. Che i 'ouncii had not, only the technical know ledge but also the loyal support of hun dreds of safety men yvho had the yvork o the safety movement in broadest sense a heart. Because of long experience in working together, these leaders in the safety movement have been able to star right in and do the job yvith the minimum of preliminary planning and discussion Had the federal administration not beer able to call upon these experienced men any effective -afety work in the limit*" time would have been almost hopeless " Che administration is gratified at the way these men and their employers hay < "operated.' says Mr. Williams. "Met; who have been very much needed o, their jobs have been loaned for the wor-because their companies recognized real emergency and a real opportunity "The statement carried on our posters t AVA Jobs Are Sale jobs .Ire Safe jobs, is perhaps an ideal rather than a tar but an ideal which we are hound to a> omplish." The following rate -afety direetc.:. have been appointed: Alabama--W. K, Loyd Arizona--Thomas ( `iwperthwaite Arkansas--'-, M. Lauderdale California R, E. Donovan olorado- A. A. Klinge Connecticut -II. .V. Heinrich (Please turn tn page f.4 i NATION, AT. S A FETA' \ F\y - 2i Hazards Lark in Rural Scenes By (H. LIBBY A vacation oil the farm showed that the city had no accident monopoly THObE of us whose work is so constantly related to accident prevention as to make us "hazard coliseums" in every waking hour (and sinif of our deeping hours! become acutely aware of conditions and prac tices which invite injury. The writer's vacation on the farms, in rite dairies and at the tables of friends wa< not in ;my degree marred by the lack <>! a "safety program.'' or even an evident ignorance of the industrially known tart that 05 per cent of accidents are preventable. Hut the ten days of the blessed two weeks spent in a rural community brought out vividly the |xisohility of injury and disaster in the country. Here is the diary. As the bus dropped us at the oiuntry store 1 lerks and cus tomers were expressing sympathy for a neighbor who had just been carried into his home a quarter of a mile away with a broken rib. He had fallen from his low hung manure spreader while operat ing it in the field. His -ide struck a wheel ora 'tone. Later it was found a second rib was fractured and the subsequent < onMiltatiun rendered a verdict of a putu tured lung. When we left for home and the job the doctor was trying to -a\e the man from pneumonia. That evening more than passing com ment was aroused by the paper's account of the violent death of a four year old girl in a neighboring town. The little one had been allowed to wander within reach of a mettlesome horse in the barn yard. A horse just bought not used to thildren. The animal's hoofs fractured the skull of the curly haired youngster. Generations <>f experience, much ob servation and a limited water supply, coupled with the urgent advice of insur ance agents have made intelligent farm ers sate smokers about their barns. There seemed to he an unwritten law that smoking in the barns should be confined rn the dairies where the floors are of concrete. And that only pipes should he smoked. < hie noticed every match used was extinguished, broken arid placed in a pocket or jumper or over alls, never dropped on the floor. One Ualarnity After Another Our host was one of those who raise the famous ( utskiil Mountain cauli flower which reaches the \>w \i>rk market less than twenty-four hours after it is cut. August requires extra-help for handling this crop; and at times a force harvesting and shipping which would compare with the most hei tic whedule known to an industrial production man ager. (fine of the extra hands, a close mouth ed boy of eighteen, became somewhat confidential about the third day. On inquiry as to whether his father was farming, he told of the following events. In 1029 their barn was burned. Cause thought to be spontaneous ignition from tilling mows with hay not properly cured. In 1020 their house burned, cause un determined. In 1021 the lad's father was killed when forced off the highway by another car. And the boy exhibited it scar from an axe wound in 1932 which had severed the principal tendon of the left thumb. < 'ause was insecure footing. Very skillful surgery had saved the mem ber from any degree of permanent disa bility. f'he rain which had made opportunity for our conversation ceased and as the young man left the barn a buyer of live veal tame in with the farmer. At the caff pen. he leaned heavily on the 1 x 4 which formed the top rail of the pen. receiving a badly scratched arm from one of the seven nails which my friend had driven half way home in a pattern ar ranged to hold his axe firmly when he wanted to file the edge. Sunday dinner was with one who rem inisced about the activities of the local church. He told of the locked door in the parsonage, opening directly on the cellar stairs, which looked just like an .adjacent door leading to the kitchen, and of the wife of a visiting clergyman, who opened the wrong door, fell against the cellar wall and died a few hours later. Mental characteristics offer just as great opportunity for study in the country as elsewhere. The attitude of two neighboring farmers as shown in 1 heir respective methods of handling their bulls was revealing. Especially when compared to their viewpoints toward other things. They will remind safety directors of similar personalities met in the offices anti shops of industry. .Mr, A keeps a (tedigreed hull, is a member of a row resting association, has one silo and if the price of milk becomes stabilized .it a reasonable figure will build another. lie whitewashes his dairy twice a year when once would meet re quirements. Within the barn the hull has an ample stall of two inch plank well braced with .1 top rail of heavy pipe. Planks are so spaced at his head that after the gate of the pen is opened behind him his owner can remove the 1 hain from the nose ring without enter ing the pen. Soon as the bull turns the man is hack by the open gate with a word of command and a gentle prick on the Hank with a pitch fork. The animal is trained to exit at once to his exercise FEBRUARY. 19134 0*1 enclosure, thirty by fifteen feet with feed waiting at the far end. The gate here is immediately swung to behind him. One side of this enclosure is the foundation wail of the barn. The fence and gate are of three-inch planks bolted for cross bracing to two by fours and at the ends bolted to posts set thirty inches in the ground. While in this run the bull is fed and watered from outside the fence. This bull has always been gentie. Mr. if. is an older man with more available capital, inherited and not made originally and directly from the soil. He thinks cow testing associations are fool ishness, and frets about the requirements imposed which include an annual white washing of the herd's domicile. This man also has a pedigreed bull. This bull is penned within the barn and rather loosely held by an ordinary old fashioned tieup chain, whose clank ing keeps the bull reminded of his fetter ed state. This animal has not had any nose ring fitted. At intervals he too is turned out of his {ten of one inch boards into the barn yard with the same un concern and lack of precaution as the Farmerettes lieeume extremely skill ful in trimmine cauliflower heads but it makes a \ isitor nervous to watch tiie tla-hing blade. cows are turned out. This bull has never been anything hut gentle. Our friend the. farmerette did the These two men must have their trimming and the supervising. In beach methods of handling bulls mirrored in pajamas wielding a blade fourteen by the light of this fact. Ft is very doubt two inches with a razor edge, and with ful if one can read the papers circulating the truck driver waiting for his load, in any block of ten dairy counties, with safety seemed to take a back seat for out finding cm the average of once a speed. month the account of a fatal or at least Two strokes of that cleaver for each an attempted goring and trampling by head. One ro square the stem which a. bull "which has always been gentle." in the held had been severed with a diag To go back to the cauliflower crop. onal stroke, another to cut the leaves As intimated above, everything else waits off within a quarter of an inch of the on the necessity of getting this luscious flat head of the cauliflower, without vegetable to the New York market in making it unmarketable by the slightest prime condition. The speed of its growth shaving of t.he head itself. Wry quickly and its quality is determined by the the pile of slippery leaves grew, It hav weather day by day after the heads are ing rained the night before, the lady's -et. < tur hostess not only thought it her footing seemed none too secure: yet the duty to become one of the cauliflower flashing of the blade never slowed, and crew on shipping days but apparently at times she was trimming live heads liked her part "f the labor, ( think every two minutes. 1 thought fearfully she was also conscious of her ability in that what, had not happened in -i:< years supervising the others engaged in the of < auliflower harvesting might happen task of shipping, ( auliflower heads are in the next six seconds. U didn't hut it .-ut from the stalks in the field, trucked eventually will unless she and others take to the shed or that section of the ham warning and give thought. srt aside for the purpose and stacked Drowning and "hooting victims in with (leads forward. the country .ire mostly visitors or new indoor operations are trimming, pick omers. Traffic accident- involving ing and washing, packing; and the color people on the farms arc of the stine de ed '.trines with which the leaves have gree of >rverity and of the on- relative been tied up to keep the light from the frequency as those which happen to city maturing head, must be retrieved from folks. h>- leaves after they are cut tiff, both for To meet die :< stent hazards, which use again and to be sure the leaves are are inherent in farming operations one free from them before being fed to the wishes some sustained effort could be oock. made. \nd to one who has an intimate acquaintance with farmers, a deep per sonal affection for many whose lives are on the land, accurate knowledge of the organizations serving farmers and the literature entering their homes; coupled with a growing appreciation of the work of the National Safety Council, there can come only one wish. Perhaps not a conviction that the Council should assume some measure of responsibility, but at least a wish that the beautiful five pointed star of Industrial Safety. School Safety, Home Safety, Safety in Travel and Public Safety might take tr. itself one more point--that of Safety or, the Farm. N.F.P.A. Creates Organization for Volunteer Firemen DURING the past year the lire losses in the larger cities of the county have shown a material reduction bu the losses in the smaller cities and towns and in the rurai districts have been in creasing. Because of this fact the Na tional Fire Protection Association during the past few months has organized . Volunteer Firemen's Section which ' designed to provide helpful informatics and assistance to the volunteer tire de partments throughout the United Stateand Canada. All of the small towns an some cities and towns of fairly large sU depend upon volunteer fire department or departments with only a few paid me: for their fire protection. There are approximately 12,000 v unteer fire departments in the Unite States and Canada and the NT.F.P.A. halotnmunicated with every' one of the; departments, inviting them to join this national movement. The volunteehave shown widespread interest ate cordial response to the organization .. this new section. During the past thre months over 1200 volunteer firemen ha: affiliated with the section. The tie section has received the endorsement the state firemen's associations in No. York. Pennsylvania, Nebraska, fllinoikhode Island and Utah and has in*-*endorsed hv state fire marshals in Illinob Iowa, Texas. Maryland. Minnesota Mississippi. Montana. Nebraska. Wash, ineton and Wisconsin. The Nation Fire Protection Association is puhlishin.. a monthly journal especially written for volunteer firemen about prohlems wir. whirh they come iti contact. The n' of membership for the section provide-that each individual volunteer tirenw affiliated receives a copy of the month/ bulletin and that the fire company reives at its headquarters all of the reg ular literature issued by the Nation::: Fire Protection Association. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Pipe Lines in the Plant By C. V. BECKER* Safe procedure in the operation of steam, air and gas lines involves problems of design, installation and maintenance sarily large and heavy. It is not unusual for the weight of the flanges and fittings in a large run of steam plant piping to total considerably more than the weight of the pipe itself. This entails the BASICALLY, safe practices in the operation of pipe lines conveying steam, compressed air and gas are, in the author's opinion, dependent on certain fundamentals of design, installa tion and maintenance: 1. Ail pipe lines .houlii be designed to con form with sound euKineeang practice, special care being taken to eliminate unnecessary friction, and to make adequate allowance for expansion and contraction. 2. All piping should be installed in a workmanlike manner, using the proper ma terials for tiie function the pipe line is to per form. y Adequate inspection and maintenance must be provided. 4. The undents ..,f pipe lines should he designated hv painted hands ur color at such intervals along piping as to permit ready tracing of lines. In addition, porcelain enamel signs should he used near the color band stating plumlv the nature of the contents. for illustration, consider the removal of accident hazards in the high pressure steam line by the application of engi neering design and installation. The line described is 12 inches in diameter ex tending from the boiler headers through a tunnel and then into the manufactur ing buildings, a total length of onO feet. The steam pressure is ISO pounds per square inch, the equivalent temperature of the steam is J66 degrees F, One of the greatest -.nurves of high maintenance cost and safety hazards due to leaks, is the pipe joint. .Pipe joints may he divided into three general i lasses: screwed, flanged, and welded. All three are in general use on steam lines, Screwed or threaded fittings have their most extensive use in small diame ter piping, (A inches or less): occasion ally they are used on larger diameters, where only low pressures are carried. The initial cost of a screwed joint is rela tively low for these small sizes. This type of fitting performs quite satis factorily when new, but in a short period Works ''tiiiizu-f'M1, 0<nv, rk. ,\\ J i>tm- of time, losses through leaks and main tenance costs soon enter into the calcu lations. Sooner or later, leaks will develop in the threaded joints of a pipe line. This is particularly true of lines carrying high pressures or subject to extreme tempera ture changes. Slight inaccuracy of threads allows a slight relative movement between pipe and coupling as a result of expansion and contraction stresses due to temperature changes. Eventually, this tends to produce a leaky joint, re gardless of the use of white lead, litharge or other caulking material. When threads are cut an the end of a pipe, a large percentage of the pipe strength is lost. Since the pipe is cut to a depth of as much as 50 per cent of the pipe wall thickness in some sizes of standard pipe, the threads usually extend two or more turns beyond the end of the coupling. The extra threads are exposed and it is at this point that corrosion almost in variably begins. (rackets Deteriorate It is a well-known fact that nicking or notching a joint makes it much easier to break. The exposed pipe threads have the same effect and materially reduce the strength of the pipe at the joint, in large size pipes carrying high pressure, this constitutes a definite hazard. It has been a common practice during past years to use flanged joints in the installation of steam pipe lines. Some types of these are variations of the threaded joint since the flange is screwed to the body of the pipe. F'langes of this type necessitate the use of gaskets. These gaskets are subject to deteriora tion, resulting in the loss of pressure or materials, in addition to constituting an accident hazard, The cost of mainten ance is also higher, as gaskets demand continual care and attention with fre quent renewal to maintain the line in proper working condition. Flanges and flange fittings are neces fabrication of heavy pipe supports to relieve the flanges from excessive bend ing stresses. Even then, difficulties are often encountered, especially in a con tinuous steam line passing over a number of supports, with a flanged joint midway between supports. Unless supports are near enough together and are bearing equally, the strain set up at the joint due to unequal stress at the top and bottom may be enough to break the flange or at [east to start a serious leak. Elbows Create Hazards Another source of danger in operation of a high pressure steam line is the 90cast iron elbow. The engineer should bear in mind these fundamental facts: !. That the strev. hue to buratim? ;vr>,ui is very definitely concentrated at the throat or inner radius of an elbow, 2. That the mechanical stres, imposed upon a piping 1 vsiern due to expansion and con traction is very definitely concentrated upon the elbows, and this movement m the piping causes a breathing action in the elbow. It is merely necessary to consider the number of cycles of expansion and con traction to which an average installation is subjected in the course of its lifetime, and to visualize the repeated breathing action at the elbow, to realize that at this point there is grave danger of a serious 'ireident due lo breakage of the elbow joint, without warning, m any time while the line is in operation. After considering the disadvantages of the various factors enumerated, it was decided to design the new steam pipe line so as to eliminate all accident hazards, disadvantages of operation and effect economies by the installation of the pipe line so that it: would be practically free from mechanical or threaded joints. This was accomplished in the following manner: All joints, that under previous prac tices during past years had been con nected by means of threaded couplings or flanges, were eliminated and butt ty pe welded joints were provided by means of FEBRUARY, 1934 24 nxy-acetylene welding whereby the joint was made entirely permanent and en tirely free from leaks as demonstrated by a hydrostatic and hammer pressure test. Experiments on sections of pipe proved that this joint was stronger than the original pipe itself. This resulted in the removal of accident hazards, decreasing the lost of installation, and practically eliminating maintenance cost. VII east iron elbows were eliminated from consideration in this layout by the substitution of extra long radius easy bends which were also welded perma nently into the steam line. All piping was suspended from hangers equipped with rollers so that the breathing action of the pipe line in operation, caused by the contraction and expansion of metal due lo temperature changes, was entirely compensated for in a safe manner. "T" bends were placed in the center >f the longest lines of pipe to compensate for expansion not otherwise provided for. This line has been in continuous opera tion t'or ti period in excess of 5 years, without any repairs being necessary. Compressed \ ir Distribution main piping for the con veying of compressed air at a pressure of 100 pounds per square inch, has since been installed in practically the same manner as the steam main just described. There are, however, several innovations which may be of interest. hour sections of steel pipe 6 inches in diameter ami 20 feet long were welded together in position on the tloor and then hoisted in place by means of electrically operated stacking machines where the pipe was firmly bolted to the hangers, vo slings or hoisting apparatus was necessary, and practically all the work of fabrication was done at n floor work ing level. No threaded tees or elbow's were used in the entire air line, approxi mately 1400 feet in length. in the tapping off of distribution branch lines from the main header, a very simple procedure was established by welding a nipple to the main header at any point where it was necessary to furnish air for process work to the ma chine operations. This practice elimi nated the use of any screwed fittings or tees of any type, and aiso provided for future changes in location of equipment to be furnished witii air, or for. future, expansion of additional machines, as it is a Ample operation to weld in a nipple wherever required, up to the total ca pacity of the main air header. Air is supplied to this line by motor-driven compressors having a capacity of ap proximately 1,000 cubic feet of free air per minute, in order to avoid hazards due to the presence of cylinder lubricating oil or moisture from the atmosphere, or con densation from the cooling air in the dis charge pipes leaving the compressor, both discharge lines were connected to tank receivers and from there to an aftercooler, then through a series of filters to a drip pocket. To the top of this drip pocket, the compressed air main was connected. in establishing a safe procedure of operation, a blow-off valve was located at the bottom of each tank receiver, and any oil or moisture was blown out every morning before starting in operation. The same practice applied to the bottom of the drip pocket to which the main line was attached. in addition to the unloading device on each air compressor to maintain a con stant pressure of 100 pounds per square inch, there was also provided a safety valve on each of the air receivers and the aftercooler, conforming to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers < 'ode for Unfired Pressure Vessels. This pipe line has also been in opera tion for more than 5 years, and as there are no threaded joints in the entire dis tributing main, no leaks have occurred and no maintenance has been necessary. Pipe Lines Conveying Acids In order to design new pipe lines nr modernize old pipe lines now in service for the < onveying of various acids, the first factor to he considered should be the selection of the proper metal for the pipe lines. Development of corrosion-resistant metals has made rapid strides in the past few years. Some of these ma terials have a broad field of application, others are adaptable to highly specialized . onditions, but wherever waste due to corrosion is serious, use to which the merai is to be put should be studied. For example, in chemical, bleach and dye plants, oil refineries, packing plants, creameries, dairies and paper mills, the new 18-X chrome nickel steel has a broad range of application, and frequently can be made to pay for itself in a comparfivelv short, time, Rehabilitation >>f sulphite digester relief lines in paper mills is an excellent illustration. 'These pipe lines were formerly made of bronze and replaced even,- n tr> 0 months. In one particular installation where these lines were replaced by 18-8 chrome nickel steel, they have been in continuous serv ice for more than 3 years, and still appear to be in good condition. In the average metal working plant o; today, a great many operations require the use of various kinds of acids, such as chrome, nickel, copper and cadmium plating baths, also the pickling of ferrou.anri non-ferrous metals. Sulphuric Acid The add most commonly used ir plants of this type is .sulphuric acid usually used in a dilute solution of fron ts to 12 per cent. It has been ronimo; practice to handle concentrated sulphur, add in iron piping from the tank cars the storage tanks at the plant withoc, danger of excessive corrosion. Flow-eve: it is dangerous and costly tn use in piping, valves or fittings to convey we solutions of sulphuric add, as the av. solution will attack and disintegrate tb iron piping and valves. In a case rm-t, iy reported, an iron gate valve locan- in a cast, iron pipe line conveying we sulphuric acid was the cause of an < plosion which wrecked the valve. 1 . weak sulphuric acid attacked the iron, forming hydrogen gas which, heir, lighter than the liquid lodged in tr valve chamber or bonnet above the gj,. valve. When the valve was closed tf i hamher due to packing around the v.-i. seem, became gas tight and the preset, of the hydrogen gas could he reiiev'- only by the explosion which occurred. The term "weak sulphuric add" used in this article means acid below - strength of TO per mu. Concent rah- cotnmerrial sulphuric add is sen. more than 95 per rent strength, n~ dents have occurred through th-* use last iron pipe, there seems to be lit: reason for the use of cast iron or sirmi, metals for the storage, pumping or pipic, >f sulphuric acid in the modern plan' it is suggested that antitnoniai lead safer, more dependable and cheaper nv a period of years. 1, ir iv lesurmuendeJ that .mr.iire MnK. lined with 0 per cent anbmniu.d au-ei tsreterablv s id in. tn thiVhnrv.. J The pumps n-quiicd .hnitij N- -c centrifugal type made of b pet Cent "!!). lead with tin acid resisting impeller beanchart of Hvf-nlur m1 equal. V Tlu* piping should be double A or trip A fi per Cent antimnnial lend, ehmin,trine elbows by means of easy radios fiends. s If possible, there should hr but "o. , , in tiie system, and this valve should merely i i.oniotl shaped antitnoniai lead plus v*" lead covered rod long enough so rhat the pr.. sen be inserted in the bottom outlet -*r tank which leads to the suction side or fne piv ot the gravity static head feed to the distribute -vstem as the case may be. ; Please turn to paste yg . NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 25, Traitors in Highway Transport By K. E. OHWICK Their use involves precautions common to all vehicle operation, plus a few special problems TRAILERS used in conjunction with automotive transportation may be divided into four gener al classes; >1) Semi-trailers: (1) Fourwheel trailers; (3) Drag or carryall trailers--rither semi, four or six wheel: (4) i'ole trailers. Their uses may be classified accord ing to the service in which they are employed, such as: interplant hauling, local city delivery and pick-up services, and intercity or interstate work, com monly aided "long distance hauling.'' To facilitate discussion, let us separate our subject into three phases: selection or purchase, operation, and inspection and maintenance. Selection of Equipment in the selection of trailer equipment, extreme care should be exercised tn make sure that a unit of ample capacity is obtained. Trailers are normally ex pected to function for at least ten years, and unless overloaded, this is a very conservative expectancy. Unfortunate ly. there is a tendency among trailer a.iiemen to undersize, but this responsi bility rests mostly with the buyer who wants the lightest possible vehicle to carry the largest possible pay load, and, uf course, to keep the initial investment ,tt a minimum. In determining correct specifications, it is sate to follow tire manufacturers' specifications. But this alone is not. enough. Axles, wheels, bearings, springs, frames, gussetting. etc., should he of the proper kind and size to insure long life and freedom from breakage. Special attention is directed toward the braking equipment. The truck or tractor pulling unit should not he ex pected to stop the trailer vehicle and its load. Exceptions are the slow-moving units, such us drags or poie trailers, whose speed does not exceed 1.0 nr 12 miles an hour. Trailer manufacturers will equip your trailers with any one of several types if brakes: hydraulic or mechanical with vacuum assister, mechanical with com pressed air assister. or mechanical with * f'TPsiiittnt, Tn i Into hi U> C<>m- iTUiv, f Ah-Htrart ur a jiapc-r h**- tv.rv the FU" D SuftpriiittMidput s Oivisiun, iriafoty I'ounril i FEBRUARY. 1934 electrical assister. Any of these types will stop vehicles under high speeds or heavy loads when correct sizes are ap plied. The local inter-plant or inter-station work where couplings and uncouplings are frequent t commonly called shuttle work) brakes [)lay an important part, in the prevention of accidents. For this t lass of work, the fully automatic semi trailer not only gives greater economy Suit is inure desirable generally. It is much safer to operate because the driver does not leave his seat in the cab to hook up or uncouple. The brakes apply automatically when uncoupling and re lease automatically when coupling, elim inating the hazards involved in blocking the wheels as a substitute for brakes. Power brakes have been successfully developed to work in conjunction with automatic brakes without the necessity of coupling or uncoupling hose connec tions. It was found in local work that the driver would very often neglect tn make these connections manually. This method increases safety by automatic ally furnishing additional power brakes at all times. By adhering to the manu facturer's rating on axle capacities, ade quate braking capacities will be obtain ed. Attention ts also called to the fact that fully automatic semi - trailers are best suited for this type of work from the safety angle bo ause the support legs are moved farther forward when un coupled than is possible with the com mercial type of manually operated leg support that is hinged to the frame. !n Uasc> of Fire it is also apparent that many hazards present in the type where tt is necessary to hand crank the leg supports to the ground are fully eliminated in the type where the driver does not leave the cab. This same attribute of being able to uncouple without leaving the driver s .-cat in case of fire to either the tractor or semi-trailer unit has often resulted in saving the menaced equipment. One large marine company s ovenng cargo insur ance has a lower premium rate where fully automatic trailers are used. In the case of the semi or pole txailer the size and design of the king pin should be i arefullv considered. The methods of attaching and sus pending the semi-trailer on the tractor should be canvassed most carefully to insure freedom from accidental uncoup ling and weaving or swaying in operation. *. are should be exercised to make certain that design has provided proper rocking or universal action between tractor and semi - trailer when varying angles and planes are encountered. Proper location of the fifth wheel on the tractor is important, and it is essen tial that it be so securely fastened to the tractor frame that even the most severe shock will not dislocate it but transfer the shock to some less vital point. Care ful attention should be given to the fifth wheel design in both upper and lower fifth wheel to obtain that design which provides the greatest possible safety be tween king pin and coupler jaws and locks. \v oitl Overloading Body sizes that will minimize the pos sibility of overloading should be selected. Loads should always be carried as near to the ground as practicable. For long distance hauling under high speeds the underslung or drop frame type minimizes weaving and swaying, and more import ant. tipping on curves or turns, ft is always important to keep the .enter of gravity as low as possible. When selecting a four-wheel trailer, the drawbar design and the method of it< application to the main dolly frame ,-hould be carefully . onsiriered. 'The pintle hook design and safety auxiliary drawbar chains seldom receive the at tention their importance justifies. Proper lighting facilities, including front, rear and side, clearance light and markers, will reduce the risks of acci dent, Well equipped vehicles will not limit their lighting to mere statutory requirements. In long distance hauling mad hares -hould always lie part of the equipment, spot lights properly in stalled on the tractor should be standard equipment. They will prevent many an accident on curves and at rums. When these factors are considered in Perhaps the most important is tire the selection of trailer equipment failure will rarely Ire chargeable to the vehicle FOREMAN inspection to prevent blowouts <n route. Proper inflation or deflation of tires is itself. Safety in Operation 'j&k says to tk BILL important for both economy in opera tion and prevention of accidents. Light ing equipment should have daily inspec tion, including light bulbs and battery. Before sending a driver out on the Brake mechanism should receive at streets and highways with a trailer, give tention to avoid leaks in the power lines, him sufficient time in a vacant lot to By W . W. WILLIAMS* to insure lining renewal when needed, become thoroughly familiar with its and shoe adjustments to keep the time operation. He should be instructed as to the functions of the coupling mechanism, BACK on the job and rarin' to go, eh Bill? Well, it's good to have required for application at the minimum. A quick brake is even more necessary leg supports and braking mechanism. you back, and if you're rarin' to go safeth, an a quick motor, and a positive brake The trailer is a simple machine and the we'll start with a clean slate. more essential than high speed. driver should know how each part of it Been brushing tip on safety? Well, Regular attention to the wheel bolts functions. our safety rules don't impose any hard and nuts to prevent the loss of a wheel Most of the precautions in the use ot ship but their violations will. while traveling. Body damps should trailers are those that apply to ail com Yes. 1 could have fired you six months be tightened regularly to prevent weav mercial vehicle operation. The driver ago, but we're not passing the buck for ing and swaying. Coupler jaws and locks who is alert seldom has an accident. teaching our men to some other con and king pins should be examined to Tests to determine tills faculty when cern; we can do the job right here. It make sure that the units will not separ assignments are made will eliminate would have given you a jolt and you ate while on the road. many unsafe drivers. might have been more careful on the It should not be necessary to stress Routing and dispatching should al next job. Rut you got a joit, all right, the importance of lubrication other than ways provide adequate rest periods for and so did everybody else. Besides, it to mention that lack of oiling and greas the driver. Contraction of the eye costs money to break in n. new man, and ing eventually results in failures and muscles from too long a focus, and ten it's always a gamble how he will turn thereby the introduction of accident sion of other muscles from motor vibra out. hazards. tion, or cramped positions result in a Bill, it takes years to build up a good bad reflex action and increased accident workman and he may be lost in a mom risk. In long distance hauling it has ent. Yes, your accident cost us plenty, Life Insurance See* Hazards been found valuable to establish regular directly and indirectly. in Liquor Dispensing points for gassing where the driver is able to leave the cab and relax. In some fleets arrangements have been made with You know. Bill, we have S'-me people around here who think that safety is all THAT the manutacture and -a.e >: intoxicating liquor is hazardous in the station attendant to make certain one sided--just a company scheme to the health of those employed in the in inspections of both driver and equip save money. They just can't see that dustry. would seem tn he indicated by ment. This practice has been credited they profit, too. the occupational ratings imposed by life with a definite reduction in accidents by We can't afford the double loss of a insurance companies, according to The the fleets. man's -nervines and his i o inpen sat ion. i-jtsfrnt i 'mil ni't itiv. h-vv classifications Whenever possible, the driver should Why, the hidden or indirect cost of your are being handled at u-mriarri risks, be so scheduled that he will sleep in his accident will be tour or rive times wna; -iim-1, nmpanie.' w;l! not cram -itch !:cne- own bed. Where it is necessary tor the we paid in compensation and medical. tits as waiver of premium and double driver to be away on alternate days a And accidents cost an injured man more indemnity to those engaged in the douor check nf sleeping quarters has been found than money c.m pay for. and that isn't industry. Proprietor? md manage:" : advisable to insure sufficient rest before half of it. istilleries. breweries, hotels, and whole the return trip. With so many accident nf course you suffered, although the sale houses are accepted by some com causes having their origin in conditions doctor's hypodermic relieved your pain. panies at standard rates. In some > a-es outside employment, the employer can Rut no doctor could administer an anes disability benefits will he allowed. Kven not lie indifferent to the environment of thetic to your wife's heart and feelings. these rvlected occupations vdl ant the driver in his off time. She did the real suffering, its your loved considered a? standard risks if there is Drivers' reports covering the condition ones who pay the price - - a price you any < onnection with the retail dispens of equipment, as well as road and traffic can't reckon in dollars and cents. ing of liquor. conditions, can help in preventing acci There goes the whistle. Remember. Many companies will not accr-pt ,,.;r- dents. 'They should be encouraged. The Bill, i have faith in you. and I'm betting tenders at all. and' one company rates driver can be of great assistance if you im you. them at twelve years. Waiters, salesmen will give particular attention to his re and collectors come in for raring of eight ports. * \ - s i mi r tn fii.> i id-n r (* Jfistir.-itn1*' > rimsi, K . t [; - '.'tty Mo. years each because of their close contact with the actual dispensing of liquor. Inspection am! Maintenance .St present, companies have only their lively little attention. An adjustment pre-prohibition experience, and >his is Variations in operation demand just of hrakes at scheduled periods comprises not considered as representative of pres as varied a program of inspection and `t'l- principal item. idtiis operating ent. day conditions. Nunc authorities upkeep, Trailers in city or interplant many miles a day at high speeds and feel that the bootlegging industry will work, used only a few miles daily and during the night should have daily in iv- a factor in liquor traffic for some rime in the daylight hours, require compara- spection and maintenance. to come. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Reorganizing Safety Work By ALVIN VITZ* Much of the success of the program will depend on the man who heads the department WITH the renewal of industrial activity, a great increase in the number of injuries can be expected. Even though many safety de partments were disbanded during the de pression, unusual safety records were established. This was probably due to a low rate of labor turnover which resulted that his safety engineer considered acci dent prevention too important and some times forgot that production was the major purpose of his factory. However, the physical condition of workers is sure ly a production problem just as the maintenance of equipment, and too much interest and enthusiasm is better xtudy of safe piactices u inspection of mechanical hazards ", investigation of current injuries S. installation and follow-up .if safety committee system There are several good books available on safety methods such as ' The Manual or Industrial Safety" by y. J. Williams in men becoming thoroughly familiar than too little. and "industrial Accident Prevention" with the hazards of their work. With the increase of production, departments will have to be reorganized and new equipment installed. Men who have been out of work for long periods of time have lost many of their safety habits and will have to be retrained. This new era will severely test the methods of accident prevention used in the past. As soon as the first ilurrv of recovery is over, the question of organizing safety work will again come to the front. The selection of a man to head the safety de partment is most important as a first step in developing a program. The fol lowing qualifications should he con sidered: There is sometimes a tendency to for get the human side of industrial acci dents. A man who is sympathetic with those who are injured, who appreciates their physical and mental suffering, is stimulated to prevent such occurrences. Many of the serious injuries and catastrophes in industry result from con ditions that are obvious after the acci dent but were passed over beforehand. (ias-uir mixtures may have occurred in a process tor years without ignition, when suddenly (he unusual happens and an explosion results. A successful safety engineer recognizes potential hazards and should be able to suggest wot liable preventive measures. The safety engi by H. IV. Heinrich. These should be read for their possible application to the factory in question. The current litera ture will point out what other men are doing and should aid the new safety engi neer in developing enthusiasm for his work. For the details of prevention methods there is no better source of in formation than the Safe Practice Pamph lets of the National Safety Council. A study should also be made of the rulings of the compensation law and the specific requirements of the state and munici pality covering physical conditions in the factory. Reading on safety should be done gradually as training progresses. Assignments may be given to investigate I, Personality neer must have an inquisitive, analytical certain phases nt accident prevention A HrithUMUsin V Analytical mind 4, Experience and education mind that will search behind the tank wall or into the details of processes. pertinent to the factory. This will make the study of the-literature less routine and more purposeful. A safety engineer deals primarily with men, His success depends largely upon his ability to enlist >. woperation both from the management and the workers. This cooperation results from presenting ideas in a convincing though openminded manner, it an opportune time. He must know how to compromise. One who gets the reputation of being uncom promising will create among his associ ates an opposition which will handicap his efforts. Safety engineers must often point out unpleasant possibilities and perhaps get the reputation of being calamity howlers. A friendly personality will tend to overcome this. With the stress placed on costs, quali ty and production, operating men have many things to think of and much of the enthusiasm of safety work must he sup plied by the safety engineer. He should A. Safety Man's Background What should be the educational back ground of a safety engineer? Aptitude and knowledge in mechanics and chemistry aid him in understanding the equipment and process hazard? of hi? factory. Operating experience gives ;m appreciation of operating problems and makes his suggestions more acceptable to production men, The above points probably describe briefly the characteristics of an ideal safety engineer. In evsry plant there should be several men who have held supervisory positions whose character istics approximate these .and who, it enthusiasm were sufficient, would be successful in safety work. The training of a safety engineer may be divided into eight sections. Mo?t factories have a file of injury reports covering several years' experi ence. These can be read to advantage to obtain Mime idea of what happened in the past. Pitch facts, when assembled, are often a revelation to production men who sometimes forget the injuries that have occurred. A break-down of the data according to departments and operations will locate any high accident procedures. The <ost> involved can be f-tteaively presented to the management in i he support of preventive measures. < Inssifying injuries according to "'han dling objects" or "falls from elevations," tc,. is of questionable value as the classifications are too general and do not reach the fundamental causes. The actual injury reports will more easily point, out some common specific cause such as insufficient training, improper be a man who shows great interest in any 1. Srudv and literature on s.ttesv method-. discipline, or unsatisfactory guarding of problem to which he is assigned. An op erating superintendent once remarked d-i-jtTfv KmriruM-r Tht* ''uitinanv, i'-orvrinif 1 *niu, <v -isunblf* 2. Study and analysis of injury reports. : fl,inferences eh factory superintendent 4. Interviews with supervisors ,md their fore-men to discuss piocessc:. .aid ituurv hazards equipment. Hose contact should be maintained with the executive immediately in charge uf the factory and problems and ques- FEBRUARY. 1934 tions referred to him. A weekly confer ence is rei omrnended at which the activi ties of the week would be discussed and training projects explained and assigned, such an arrangement with the superin tendent forces the new safety engineer to organize his material and keeps him on the top of his job. interviews should be held with each of the supervisors and their foreman to dis cuss prot esses and to draw out their ideas on the safety problem. Later there will be ample time for the safety engi neer to present his ideas when they are better formulated. A letter from the superintendent to his supervisors, ex plaining the program, will give the neces sary official sanction. Safety regulations may not be in existence: in many eases they are only verbal instructions from the foreman. The safety engineer should work with the supervisors and foremen in development and recording safe practices. These may be divided into two sections, the first covering general regulations for all operations and the second specific opera tions only. In any such procedure, it should be remembered that the safety engineer has no authority in most organi zations and acts only in an advisory capacity. He must sell and not force his ideas. \ guarding program must be practical and recognize economic requirements. Few companies would spend thousands of dollars cm guarding questionable hazards where occurrence of injury is verv improbable. The money available for guards should he spent as wisely a= possible where it will do the must good, With these thoughts in mind the safety engineer should inspect the departments and list the equipment hazards. They should be discussed with the foreman and .a method of prevention, worked out. In the detailed design of guards, it is much better to work with the mechanical department rather than to supply them with complete working drawings. idle investigation of current injuries may be divided into three parts. I. What happened f Win but it happen." - What can he dune to ptcvrnl cecunencea The greatest difficulty will probably be in convincing the foreman of the real cause or in injure', especially when he is to blame. :-urh situations require the utmost tart ami diplomacy. In diffi cult wises it is well to have a meeting of the superintendent, the foreman and the safety engineer to discuss the details of t h<* al c iuont. The safety committee system which parallels the line organization is gaining favor. In this svstem the foreman meets 1933 from the Standpoint of Finance DURING the trying year just past and until the October elections at and unless we specially commended to our membership the unflagging loyalty, the Congress. Mr. Car! W. Bergquiszteal and attention to < ouncil work served as < "hairman of the Finance Com maintained by all members of the Head mittee. In spite of the fact that Mr. quarters Staff. Bergquist had acted in the arduous role of President of the Council, both in 1931 and 1932. he most unselfishly consented to guide the Finance Committee through the difficult times of 1933, The results of the Finance Committee labors, as shown by the accompanying Annual Re port of the Treasurer, are such as to be a source of pride to us all who had any part in the work. The Council has completed the twelve months of 1933 with a sound financial position, and during that time there has been no harmful curtailment, in the scope of its activities and work. It would not be possible to make an adequate or fair survey of our year's business experience unless special men tion was made of the ability and re sourcefulness shown throughout the year by our managing director, Will Cameron, Really, to the faithful and interested member, the best picture of the financial accomplishments and situation for the year is obtained by poring over the Treasurer's Report. As you study the comparative balance sheets you will find two adjustments that should be explained. To show the Council's assets and liabilities on more of a cash, current basis, the auditors have suggested the following: First, the writing down of the book keeping value of our equipment and printing machinery equivalent to two normal years and charging that amount against the surplus account. This write down is in addition to the 1933 deprecia tion shown in the statement of revenue and expenditures. A year ago (see re port in the February, 1933. \kwsi equipment and machinery were carried with his men. the supervisor with ins foremen, and the superintendent with his supervisors. The details of the plan can he modified according to local con ditions. in some factories the workers' meetings are held at specific intervals, in others they may lie dependent on the number of minor injuries that occur, dis regard of safe practices by the work men or some special program. Any im portant material coming up in the work ers' meetings is passed on by the foreman to his supervisor and by the supervisor to the superintendent. The safety engi neer submits to the production organiza tion data which can be used in the meet ings anti keeps a record of the meetings shat are being held, fie should remain in the background, allowing the line organization to provide the leadership. Accident prevention work is filled with uncertainties: a plan may he progressing smoothly when a serious injury suddenly oia urs. Every accident is potentially serious, the severity of the results often being a matter of chance, uf seconds and inches. Analyses of data covering a great number of cases show that minor and serious injuries tend to occur in some what definite proportions. Fur these reasons and in fairness to the new safety engineer, the success of a safety pro at 330,463.44. The two year special write off reduces this in 310,570.74. After 1933 depreciation in written oft the equipment and machinery are now carried at 310.371.To. We feel this to be :: very reasonable valuation. Their second suggestion was to show our bond investments at their market value as of December ?1, 1933, instead of at the purchase price. This repre sents a write-off against reserve for future service to members of S34.921.2S, While this does not represent an actual loss, athe bonds are held as a long-time invest ment. it does give ,t better current pic ture when considering the real cash ne. worth of the ( ouncii. It is interesting that the market value of these bonds m the time of writing this review i januar. 17 i was 33.O0O.UO greater than the figungiven on this statement. Your Executive Committee, at its Jan uary 13 meeting, approved the above adjustments. One word more before F close; the latter halt of the \eur saw improve ment in every phase of our work. The general response to the strengthening of the nation's business pulse, was ; quick and so gratifying in its extent a;to lend encouragement to all members of our Committee, gram should be gaged by the number of Ci. T. Hellmcth, injuries rather than by their cost. Vice-president for Finance NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS !9 Annual Report of the Treasurer National Safety Council COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEETS---DECEMBER 31, 1933 AND DECEMBER, 3), 1932 Assets A* at As at Ore. 3i. 1933 fic. 31, 1932 Increase Decrease (.t'BKFNT Assets: Cash .................................... ..S 6, VO.4 { S a vyu I $ 5,989. 50 Accounts Receivable < Including Billings 1 n December t o l January Dues 1 ...... .. 63,72 UH "0,617.62 6,9115, 4H inventory of Supplies.. .. 2p8.tr 28,368.67 1,0 V0.60 -------------- .. --------------- -------- --------- - - $3,989,30 $ "9^4.18 r-;;~ :TJL- Total Current Assets S oo.-soxsa StOMDmm) % -,,084.88 National Safety Coun- ..d Reserve Fund InvestmiTits- .-Mar- ket Value at De- cumber si, !\H5, `.nod ;md $3,100 l Fledged to St- cuicd Indebtedness to Bank, $26,644}... Cash m Closed Banks.. umcr Furniture and Equipment, Less Depreciation ........... Priming Machinery Less Depreciation.... Deterred < barges ... >0, "09.00 no.3o _W8". 19 . >K l 20 i A44.y! 6"\0y2AU [9.840.70 t0.62i.6S \U8I.05 no. 3u Ui, 58 sAO 16.HV3.30 1,2 W.ir'i 1,7 so, 12 $ 119.30 So 1,906.16 5142. sill.31 5204j8/..r' Sol ,K"6.H6 Liabilities current Liabilities: As at I'jtc, 31. 19 $3 A 9 at line, U, 1932 Sncrflase Decrease Notes Pavahle- - secured by Collateral....3 18,637,14 $18.047,"K S ou9.3t* Unsecured ..................... 888,00 6,282.4 5 $ 5,594.45 Accounts Payable ......... ",225.10 2To".21 5u,447.l 1 Accrued Expenses ........ 29 M2 292,10 1,22 -- ------- ------ - ------------------ -- ' '-------- S 610.58 $25,841.54 Total Current Inabilities ...............$ 27,063.S< Deterred Income ............S 14.682.52 Reserve for Future Service to Members - -i.ess, at Decern- her 31, BUT Dc~ preuation >*n Se- OM84.UU surplus ............................ 15,180.6 5 There is a contingent Uabtl 11v ot $25.487.28 tor reducItem of lent for rears 1932 and 1933, dependent upon icnewal of Sease in l *J s V > S2.294.S2 $12,258.32 09,867.60 S2.424.00 $25,2 50,96 '4,485.50 4,586.40 $2,424.00 $64,500.86 5142,Mo si >w'04,18".4m ?61,876-86 STATEMENT OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURES For the Tear Ended December 51, 1933 Revenue Industrial Safety Division ami N.dmn.ii Natctv \r,v, Public Satetv Divtstnu - ........................... Poster Department . -........ .................. ..... *....... MisarlLmemix Sales, mrii as booklets. Bulletin Beards, '"ate VNukei, t.-dcndai. Congress au<l rransacfinm ................................. Films and Slides ................................................ - ........................ Printing Department Guiges f<- Other Departments .... .. .. ......Si6,68H,xr i'hditcl: Expense-, <n Printing DcpaiUucui ...... ;'!,Aon N2.HX MK-U2 ~ t B>,432.0; i.-r interest -.,\H Excess nt Expenditure- to Surplus Account . Rco.-tme transferred (,2O,0j l.DON 2 n.ol 2.0 AW4 ns", -a Expenditures industrial sate tv Division and National Satetv IVv-.- St KS6.US Public Safetv Division .........-...................................................... \ 29,608.63 Poster Department ......... ..........................--.................................. on,; V1.X2 Miscellaneous Expenditures for Booklets, Bulletin Boards. "Abe Worker, ' Calendar, etc. .............. . .......................... "A 040.92 *' uogress and Ttausactums .... . ................. . ................. PNn.Hs Films and Slides ...... ........... .... ......................... -......... UH4.US $404.6,37.30 'A'r have examined the .;u.'*vmts ot the \-iUunal Satetv 1 turned tor the year ended December si, loss. in out opinion, based upon the examination whu.h we have made, 'he above Balance sheet as at December -d, 19s s and the accompanying Statement ot Revenue and Expenditure tairlv present tire fuuucnd posnmn ot the National Salctv G. uned as at Decembei `I, 1 s s ,md the icsult ot its operations for the vr-ai ended on that date. Chicago, Illinois human I \ O'O. ARTHUR YOUNG & COMPANY, Certified Public Accountants. I EBRL 4RY. K>U SAFETY INSTRUCTION CARDS Practical Safety Information for the Man on the Job THESE cards are intended for in dividual distribution. They may be carried in the pocket conven iently: they will slide into most payenvelopes easily, if tacked on the wall over a work bench or machine they will not tear <m when a little wind strikes them: >t*verai of them can be displayed in a small space and they will fit. in a standard card tile. The same information is not put on posters. ;ts many members have sussested, because in a vast majority of in stances workers do nor have the time to study i> when presented in this way. I'n-ters serve most effectively when they iitf used to transmit messages that can be lead and understood quickly. Et should be remembered that each card is intended primarily for individual in struction on a specific job. Where data appearing on the cards is needed for permanent posting and the cards do not seem to be quite large enough for the purpose, or it is desirable to include it with operating instructions issued on standard letter size paper, the cards may ne photographed or ptanographett, The following alphabetical index of Safety Instruction < 'ards issued to date has been prepared to aid members in lokrim.*1 1tu1r*d*s which apply to their own particular operations. Reproductions of tite-e . ards have been published in pre vious ii-.-ues "f the u'ionai. s.vnrrv Ltt - MtlUlM't \o. Acid ain, 'tHi--i'- /upe rhinuou ,. id m rifts repatnim Jilt -- ! . i MM . lines, ''if^iuMU' ........................................ i 1 * ............... ............;24 : - , ; ti'di`f * H r f ' - hit f ' n ................................. ........... U- Hi'i 11 hi T" Pelt pul. i-iidth'i- . ,t Lft- Brick > j :,t - .................................... 1 pul ho ............... ................. 113 - < 18 r W hroft*. , 'f . ...................................r > *'Mblo -Ir.rr.T- -----..... -..................... ----- Mi Crt ri*-iir--* r- .......... ....................... i Marrying lor-L mu. t.<ms. i< -,ti rhouiders.....:i" ' ` i VC II I P r .rt \V "ooe ttt' ................................ . . " 1 ' A.. - . S h lU-'-s,'- ; !, i u: .h-TC.' i'MUF "! IW*- ' ...... Chains, sib hb-Mis ;or ..................... .... *- : Ohernicuie, iifoietEdii ng-Musi .............. ....... L ' '(ort tittiL' .ii. * : i>f t'l........................ ('lathine mrc ................. ........ ..................... '7 I 'lothimr womeu ................... ..................... . ; .'Inf n in:v ' * > [ < mi ? ______ _ Modi . f'tiv,.; .Hirer "! puiii-n bend, W'oiif'' hup.- Wr ............... ............................... 2V '.'uipiingy link nmi pm .... ............ ................... H '``iTtnc* m-i: w ti|n-nrftrR advice To ..... W These "Safety Instruction Cards" are printed on white card 3 by " inches, dightiv heavier titan govern ment postcards. In any quantity the price is one cent per card (all of one kind or a selectioni uith a minimum order of cents. Thi- minimum charge is necessary to cover the cost of handling, mailing, etc. Stamps or cadi may he sent ith order, nr an invoice will be rendered. The order should specify ".Safety instruction ranis," and give the num bers of the cards selected. r ,'ra oh t-t e na if? ... ...................................... 5 CrH'-PuM! hands. avoiding ................ -..... 6ii E u^rnuntiing rotted or defective pules.... brill pros-- operators ............. ............. *7 Waving king rods ................................ m Mrurns, handling............... ...... ...... 44, 132 KhM-trio .mv welders ... ......................... tis Klrotne 111;t- "%orJc. , > t e f y linear for ...... :**> Electric motors, Marring..................... . oil Klectric m ires, -We -ariving capacity,... i3 KicVi ricians, plniit .......... 12S Rlevf-iiiimm-cUcmi and repair ... ....lh4 tllevatm- operators, dvice <* . .. ...... 11 K.WV, -'.IP! ft ................................... hhvpiosivfS '> ora ge . ,, Ill* .............ilii l '-t-i f-miijr pUttid- fft ex ten sum (`.iph .... 2G e'in extinguisher, tn opetaie i-oda-aent IT ft'il'e > ihe Uisher, i-1 a pc: :i 1 ..[Liari pump tvpe .............. ................... i.\ h`ir<-, svitar to <).' m msi- .......... ....122 ini--c:,t imn inoriuxidc* ............il ,j i-p-nii tMfi--and ami t.ipsiir burner .........73 t-'lCSt ,p--- - .Hiub* f M tl -! f.) Ili't ... i`.i <i,t lu'-f Pit Itti v ............ ........ . >.2 m 'i test tor a if-i m hr til ......... tbts *-id i r I Sli-- - ' I I t(ll !*: ........ ............. 'J!t ip^olllif lln\N loiThi's .... ................. 7ft rrJtviiiM- r- - r -ic punrih^iMI ............ ..... ........................................... . iii niulifiLr whfej-, iunimtintr on spindle 7u < iriiMtmu n ii<j**K4 iSmij-M- i|imfnsiim. i T.vpfiU fl nut tJisror infltl ft.'.mi ff, po` m i mi i fi j ................... .......................... ftft ``rrif'Hiiti'j ibiiisj't1 -iinieiiUHii' - r .1 rif tM-.i \vh*o<!>, t.rntu to abib'l fT u*-I` muititf-i .................................................................... 3x `.Srinciiuw \vh*art' op>-ritKin ............ .....iu2 ijniHhiiw H-lioeP,maktns.' riiur ffst ...lUS Wnr- , --*"u,ft( ........... . ... y H:vmiiiiT litmusnmni'T ''' ft fh,tm:iror hints llfiixt ......................................................... 31 dis. - r'm- .. lift FTand ImoR-s ......................................... H-'ind tuni-i ......... .............................. 71 .................. fki d.....................' ' t-.M H.-inii n-ufjo, t 'Vn-v\ h*u*i ............ ....12:5 ................ 126 'Mo-lit ft w > in'' M yii res-. .j-,t tnpw ................... Hi H-m.*1 ...................... ........... .....125 HI"-.! 1 * ' k 1 tiusoion .................. ..... 57 K'-ir<- nsnfi fi-jja ........................ ......... ..............i 09 11 thih j.qw- inuuTti,-,ii hst ......................... 2u FTow !- ijfr ___ _____ _____________ _ 55 jmm i i nf.i n w n a yn ri'H ......... ........................... juV .iili-ft.-' n 1*' tl-ll- .if ...................... ......................... .lanji.ifiv, 1 yv*~*iper-s and rlorniotu ............... i`>\ Kite ilyin................ ........................................... 41/ Knives ............*.................................................144 Knot, underwriters ...................................... ... > Ladders, safe angles for .................................: Ladders, vlimbinpr ..................................... ..... . 5 Lathe operators, ^ruerai Rutcirestion* for all purpose metal-working- lathes ............. ................................... ........ ....... ?. - r^ad poiaouing, protection ...................... lift Loading: tank '-..-.rs t tiammablti iiquiasi fiinemerLs climbers, to sharpen .....*........... 2^ Manila rape ......................................................... K Manila iopt\ e,,i.re when not m use ........ 1 * MamJa. rofn1, s ar*'- o ..................................... .*.i+- Maintenatire and repair men. general MtKgestiotis ............. V Making eafetv suggestions ........................ij iflotormen iind conductors, suggestions for ............ New employee, helping* Office ..evident causes ............................... ..... ' till storage tanks, cleaning ........................ , ' filers, advice to ........................ ........................ 7 < filing machinery ................ .................. . 14 Idling materials, ^r-ncrai suggestions ...i l Pipe lines, blanking oif .................... ............!" Piping ?>*stems. identiticariori of ......... . 2 Pneumatic hammers and chisels ........... . Poison ivy ........ ..... ............ ....................................... ; Poison oak and poison sumac.......... ........... ft. power trucks, operation of ........... . .... 1 Power press *prators, advice to .......... * Portable Meetnc tools ................................. Portnhlft extension lamps ..... .................. posture .................... - Push tools tor jointers and circular ;?\vs ......... ........................................................... Poll scraper ifor cleaning power- driven mllsl ................................................... Kope bitches and Minor. ....................... kope. protecting from chemicals: .............. Hope *nd block .......................... .......... kones, sate ircius for............................. , Ituldier gloves, to test tor lenfts -iffold hbmks. identifvne* ................ ff<>iri planks -are Uvtds P-r .......... _.:w c-'-iifoid planks, how tn t--E ___ __ ... jfolds, f-uspemied .......... ..... ........ Skidding cylindrical objects ............. yUriirs, imw .'I riQ'lev. Mter cfirrviiisr apacitv ........................................................ ^tacking cvhnrirlcal objects .......... ............ stacking pipe ird round .... Mr\!r\vavs, ramps 'ind nve.1 i.MP.!er*i! ., .. :-d-s irvvavs, now to usse ............................. ; 'fttoreronrus ;i.nd stockrooms ___ ': <unstrn'ke ....................................... ....................... Swing cut-on saw ......... ............................. " 4- Tank carer, opening dome c.iv*>n: .......... `I'n ft Ic, lifting Mip.K'itv of 1 fvniifif1 -hell {docks with mnmta rope 1 ...a, 1, *c Tackle, lifting capacity r.f (steej sheP {dock? with wire rope) ........................vft, ' 7'ank cars. lending i rhnnmn Mo 1 irjuid- I'ank cars, unin.ifiinr -suipfiuric and oiiycd acids, cMniprcsseii .)j-r method' Tank cars, unloading <rla.mrriahie liquids) ...................................................... ...... 1" " Thawing frozen pipes .....................................i.;: 'i'lmhers, setting m mines, . ................................ 2" ('edkeepers ... .......................................i . Warning signs, colors ro use .......... Warning Mgris, :-tvle .f lettering 'A`atchrr.en. miggevtions far .................. Weights <*f mareria Is drv materials) vV*inflow cleaning, h-Hrt.y belts ........... Window cleaning, from lad<|er,a ........... \Pire rope, flow to InhrfeatA ....... ........ Wire rope uncoiling and unreeling Wtre rope, when to discard ................... Working 'nenearh n ear ............... ........................ 'Worrv ......................................... ............... ........... '.drenches, use of ......... ................................... NATIONAL SAFETY NEW? PRACTICAL FIRST AID 'iVhi're ip Apply Pressure* to Stop Bleodtnq - r'^Ws. r-Jit (*.( I O vPvt Iti 'VFU $ * ''6 1 Ml '"iWWll i-t '<TH A* pO.df NO 4Vt-anne>yt Itl**Se (mJ.prall- trhel*v*rlldin<f.j ^Urr tjfiww snrsuid b* f-flcuijn 1o slop the bnifiorrtnrtIroiKfnft.i'd fe onai VAHtr cOuKCu Ho. 149 YOUR HEALTH Headaches H A D A C H E is. one of A nature s warning signs fhat fell us when something has gone wrong. Powders, pills and tablets are usually useless drugging unless you know Iht? cause of the headache. It you suffer from headaches, talk your doctor about it. Let him discover the cause and recom mend the remedy. Perhaps a simpie change in your living habits is all that will be necessary. A|, $.t RptV rr-i No, 152 CARRYING WINDOW GLASS \v\ p" `1-- ip( ripm ll. h- Mf " ; N AL SA^TT COUNt.il, Ho. 15$ USE OF GUARDS fyO you v*r slip, tKron* your Imm out to ctch ^ voursnlf And Hnd it rstmg on * qurird Around iom erne# oF mAcfiirutry? If you fuv* bd th;$ Fppn to you. just tbink Tnr momAnt wflAt mii^tit ti4* li*ppnd to your ti4nd >f inmnann t>4r i*ft *h* gu*rd out oF pUc*. T^uArds sr* rn*d to 14. limbs And *n |Ust such Ev*y second a quniti <s Wt r?ft of mnr'binAfy th*t is t motion tb*rn ddngvr ot jornnon* bing injured. Accidents seldom tAke moi-e tbn a second to causa injuries tliAt cAn crrppie person for life. Too mAv be uuick end aIW nd you mey know your job better then Anyone else. You mey have worked far yeers w,tbout ft,# sfigktnst kind of an m|ury, cut etw*ys remember that you only beve t& be off your guard for a fraction of second to meet wiib 4 serious accident- If you don't bet #e this ask any pn*e fighter' It rfttts money to install guards. They at* there veur protection. If you know of any that are not satisfactory, report them so they cart be changed, but whatever you do. don't remove them while machinnry is in motion at leave them out of olaee atter repairing oiling or adjusting >, It u n.it always the other fallow who gets insured fn m accdent ana, anyway, no one wants th* other i'llaw' tn be minted either- NATIONAL SAFtTYCOUNCfi No, 1 50 HOW TO START A NAIL , d ' l 4 HON 41, viff'f f;01 -i Nt,.-' No. 153 HAND TRUCKS T-our vVbAf'l Push Trucks LJAND Iri.Kkl whether they f,vl > wF#ief( of * ''AUS'I .4<` *r.rt do rufg> mnr 4 < Jh*p .w vnoutd `ufU p*iubt- F 4d,nil rh*m rruthsd und*r by ro i fyib#d b*- ih* uck bodi* A'itl <i*4rby ob{"-U 4(id L'ctwff*'i .Mid m*tnri4l m Fntr>- Fenemt .i1 wi.r* ri.E ..mo fey m drif<-#<} trucks 4nd MiWl t#H bdAt trucks WD V.AU.IiOi'w/yvi, it you u trucks youcao pr*M* |,| tK*tf n+ 4cr>Hnpfi fevtjHna pr*. 144 bnfh.t .1 rnqp.ng t'^iiv4fi <"4\(Htluc.rmtl i jtar, l# 'l`5'fC POtiiU'4 MlMqr.JH C i JOpliACh t"i rSrtS*! NAT'tlNAl. SAf-fTY COUNCU. No, 156 SAFE USE OF CHAINS RbMfcMBkft that ql<i sayinq A chain s only as strong *t its weakest Imt," Remember also that sometimes every link in a eham * weakened by .'Kloadinrj <r ether abuse. Ute oniy r.baons you know are sate tar the work .- hind end lets m mind tb following' Don t overload a chain. Know the safe capacities of lh* rfum you use. When 4 >finq chain it used *a it forms * "io* angle > it leaves the hook, the it much goMter than when it forms 4 narrow angle. Al- .ay* stop to think of thit before making lift. Allowable tote load varies this way. i Don't apply 4 ioad to chain suddenly. 4 0on> fasten chains over sharp co.nnrs or dqet without padding them, i Dent cross sham tw.st it at put a kink in it. I; Don t ha 4 knot in chain or bait it to shorten nr lengthen it, ? Don t use chain <f tnspectinn shows a fl#w. in secure weld, crack fracture, or any othor deIm.f Put ct to on* side anfj tag it rfertger^-on not use " Don't use a chm that has been strained by irerioading. V'jj jj,1 NATIONAL SAFETYCOUNClf, No, 151 "HORSEPLAY" HILE work is serious busi Wness, we do not ask you to take life too seriously. You know as well as we do when a joke Is a joke and when It may become a serious menace. Practical joking may create a lot of laughs, but when a joke sends a fellow employee to th* hospital or to the morgue -- the fellow who did it is goinq to pay with a life-time ot regret for one moment of laughter, .'Jjj; 4AfiONAJ.SAPtTVCOUNCL No. 154 1 HANDLING EXPLOSIVES DROPPING OYNAMUf CASES t'K.rt nor do tt* tJA'ig*r?ul t.t 4ftv *.d ni.*r rft,I*. * -. / i .-`'Ci / u'>UCJ'-vFi) 3 ij Jfc N4),.C>N4!, 1>AF-!Y CnsiNCil No. 157 32 GOING TO AND FROM WORK THERE it no quirting time tor safety. Your chances of being injured by accident are at least twice as great away from work as they are on the job. We don't want to lose your services be cause of an accident and you can't afford to lose your pay. If you have to cross railroad tracts, al ways look both ways before crossing. If you don't have to cross them, don't us them as a short cut. The risk is too great. If you ride a bicycle, always carry a light after dark, and remember it is not easy tor an automobile driver to see you at dusk or in the dark. If you have to walk along a highway, al ways walk on the left side facing the on coming traffic, and at dusk or attar dark carry a light or wear something white so you can be seen easily. However you travel to and from work, please WATCH YOUR STEP. No.(ijjf) NATIONAL lAKTY COUNCIL 158 SLING CHAIN HOOKS Cl IN<? chat" h<seti g#n*r*Hy Uml * nuch heavier ^ *Sn chain fh#t they would Hand *11 sorts jT Abuse, but this a not set. H*r* are trrl ways in which hoots are either broken <jr md* unsafe* --fStUM-jWlstttaHnOtoHOuIKx mi sway AuVt SQS.uaTOHrISixW*H*Vt) Never me hoot yuu know is unsafe or you are *t doubt nbout Put it on* ini* *nd mark or law U OANCfftOUS. DO NOT USF. NATIONAL SAFfTY COUNCIL No. 159 WARNING SIGNS Location ^VMRNING sign is * waste or effort and money if it cannot fee seen easily or if it ii airher too far or toe close to the real point of danger. Since a person walling is most apt to lee ob lasts that ere at or below the level of hit eyes, there is just one conclusion as to the best heights at which to place warning signs; name ly ei or below eye level and, generally, not too low. There are always eteeptions to such rules but this one applies in a great majority of Invtanr.es, S eot out tor the danger of confusing lurinundlngi and backgrounds A warning sign '.hogfd stand out in strong contrast to a simple background whenever possible- Otherwise it may be Inst in the contusion- There is no simple rule a* to h.> Hose or how far to place a warning iron from a point of danger but it is wise ta allow ample space tor a person to react to the wammo before h* juiu into the danger and very unwise to place the sign to far away that ha may think he has actually passed the danger before <*-* crimes to it 3) H^nONALSAffTYCOUNOl No. 160 The Safety World in 19H3 {Continued from page 14) \V. Kopf, statistician, .Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and vice-chairman of the Statistics section of the Council; and Ur. A. D. Risteen of the Travelers Insurance Company, who for many years was a valued member of the technical research committee. We may thus sum up the outstanding accomplishments of 1933 as follows: 1. The inacuMiig strength and progress of lire safely mmi-ment m spite of the depression. This was evidenced hv the motive expended, ativitics: expanded and maintained and the results obtained. 2. The significant reductions m accident u-cords, particularly in industry and in the commercial fleets ot trucks, buses and taxicabs, The value of safety contests proved that prac tically all accidents can hr eliminated where there is .luection and control of the individual. SprutK contetns and individual plant records have improved anti justify the synonym ot highest accomplishment--V Acaiitet. v An expanding safety k.uieiship not only through industrial members and cooperating institutions but in public life, ansi especially through the press. As we intensify our accident preven tion efforts, year upon year, we know that our success must, he measured by <>ur real interest in stopping the .undents. The resources of the * ouncti are the good will, the services, the enterprise, the rapacity of its members and rnoperators to have the vision and will to esta blish safety as a recognized principle ot living. \t ridents are unnei essary, ex tremely cosily in physical and mental suffering and a financial loss. It i now known that if our safety processes ate deep enough and broad enough, the time will come when we can sty that all of rmr lives will he adjusted to the precarious hazards of modern existence, and every protection will be given to those under our care in the factories, in the mines, on the railroads, on the streets and highways, and in our homes. Outside Troubles (Continued from page pi bills, and the loss of mobility, cost the company a large sum of money. Within ten minutes after the accident, we got the story indicating the muse of this man's troubles. B had spent the week-end celebrating in the usual man ner. He had lost all sense of time and location and woke that morning to find himself in a low dive, fie came directly from this joint to the plant, changed his clothes and started to work. I have al ready explained what followed. A third rase in point happened in the curing room, and I will designate this man as T. He was operating an air hoist and one day while shifting molds from the conveyer to the heater, lie failed to properly loop the chain around the lugs on two sides of the mold, The chain slipped off the lugs on the side nearest to him and when he hoisted the mold, it tilted toward him anti fell off the < onveyer onto his toot. It was necessary to amputate the great toe. This accident cost the company plenty and caused him Su per cent loss of func tion of his foot. Now C, a guild pit man and a middle-aged bachelor - was keeping company with a married woman. Her husband, quite naturally, did not approve of < A hanging around. He armed himself with a gun and started to hum for the man who was wrecking his home. C heard of this and it affected his peace of mind until he neglected to do Ids work safely. He now hobbles around minus a great toe. Clearly, C's accident and injury were directly caused by out side conditions. ! could go on for a long time quoting cases of this kind. For instance, one man received a broken leg, and when we called to notify his wife, she informed us that he had left home a week earlier and she had not seen him since. Another one received injuries that resulted in his death. We found he had deserted his wife and family and was living with an other woman. I think these stories are sufficient to prove my point. The facts I have given vmi present accident prevention as t very complex problem, and naturally you will ask the question. "What can we do about it?" Each of the cases L have cited could have been prevented. Men usually re lieve the pressure by telling their troubles to someone else. Fellow workers knew these stories before the injuries ocutrred, mi the whole responsibility re verts to the foreman, just as it is his duty to know machines and materials, so he must also know the persons who are in his charge. He must gain their confi dence by a sympathetic attitude. It is not necessary for him to baby the help -- just an earnest effort to understand their problems, A friendly inquiry or a word of ad vice or encouragement now and then will accomplish this. It is a wise foreman who treats his help in this manner, as he will know in advance when there are outside conditions liable to cause acci dents in his department. MATIONAL SAFETY YEWS 33 and WHITE FACEPIECE HERE, ai last, is a gas mask that speaks for itself.,, trans mits speech naturally and without distortion ... a boon to every user of masks . , . assures adequate speaking facility between men in gas or smoke filled air. . . permits dear speech over telephone or through speaking tubes . . . equipped with an ingenious diaphragm of micarta that is impervious to acid, heat or corrosive fumes . , . deflector tube is of aluminum . . . facepiece is available in black or white rubber and is interchangeable with any other type of MSA Facepiece Mask . . . truly the greatest improve ment in gas mask construction in a decade. These new facepieces are available in white rubber for the regular line of MSA masks. Write for full information and prices. MINE SAFETY IP APPLIANCES CO. General Offices: Braddock. Thomas and Meade Sts., Pittsburgh, Pa., District Representatives in Principal Cities M.S.A, Equipment includesBteathme Apparatus.,. Inhalators ,,. Masks of All Types , . - Gas Indicators , , . Eye and Head Protectors . , . Edison Electric Cap Lamps , , . Safety Clothing <., First Aid Equipment,., Descriptive Bulletins will be sent on request. FEBRUARY, 1934 34 Industrial Health A I\on-Technical Symposium for Physicians and Laymen Health Education prime factors in bringing industrial health to the attention of employers. By JOHN H. HOLZBOG** IX establishing a program of indus trial health there are two groups to whom the program must really be sold... the management and the em ployees. Recently 1 sent a letter to some twenty firms requesting information about their health programs, and from this survey it is evident that the majority ui employers are not yet sufficiently sold on the idea of industrial health to make any real investment in a well defined health program. I do not mean that employers are wholly indifferent to the problems of in dustrial health. We find that a great many of our larger employers have esta blished complete medical programs and are doing a real job. However, these large plants are in the minority, and there are vast numbers of smaller esta blishments with between ten and 1000 employees which have either no program at all or one which is very limited. There seem to be three reasons for this lack of progress', t 1) Lack of detailed in formation with regard to organizing such a program; (2) lack of definite knowledge of its economic value; (5) lack of some promotional agency to push the thing into action. It is quite evident, therefore, that in the majority of rases our health educa tion must begin with the management. Many employer* are still under the im pression that a worker's health is his own personal problem and that, the employer need not concern himself about it. Most of these employers do nor fully realize how important a worker's health is to the organization until one of their key men is suddenly incapacitated and they find themselves in an awkward situation. Even then. I dare say that ninny of them would complacently lay the misfortune at the door of Providence. Responsibility i* a very peculiar thine, spee'rtllv when ' tiipiie- m i,ir<eive*. * [n<111*1. rt:i} U > I n t i 11 u s -.''ha in [H`lt t bt ui pa t. v. Ahhvnnk*'*., ?vis, How many individuals will readily ac cept the responsibility for their own health? Most medical men will agree that one should have a physical exami nation at least once a year. Vet even in a group composed almost, entirely of doctors, nurses, and people who are vital ly interested in health work, how many of them can honestly say that they have a physical check-up regularly once a tear? When accident prevention work came into its own, it was the cost of accidents that made employers realize that the ac cident prevention problem demanded at tention and it was then that they started to work on it with real concentration. The compensation law and similar legis lation in our various slates was largely responsible for placing the responsibility for an injury on the employer. Now. 1 do not want to advocate that we need legislation to make us realize that the health problem belongs to industry, but it does seem that unless these problems actually cost us money in visible dollars ami rents we are very apt to disregard them. Costly Cases in Wisconsin, for example, we have had this fact brought home very forcibly through the medium of a new code on dusts, fumes, vapors and gases, and the recognition of silicosis as an occupational disease. 1 am most familiar with the part of the code dealing with dusts, office the code has been in effect, about one year, 1 venture to say that there is scarcely a foundry in the state rhat he* not had at least one silicosis case and some of them have had ten or twenty. When we con sider that these cases cost anywhere from 'TOGO to "TO.000 each, there is little wonder that management becomes vitaii,. interested. The u, .-upationn! disease problem is, therefore, one factor which is now and will continue to be one of the A few of our larger institutions have attempted to determine the costs of sick ness to industry and it is now possible to obtain considerable authoritative in formation on this subject, several years ago in our own plant when there was not so much absence due to lack of work, we maintained a chart for a period of some months contrasting the time lost due to injury with the time lost due to sickness. We found that the curve plotted on nonoccupational lost time stayed consistent ly above the curve plotted for occupa tional lost time, and i would say that the difference was approximately three to one. In other words, if we lose money when a man is off duty due to injury, the intangible costs amount to just three times as much when the man is off due to sickness, according to the figures ob tained from this study. It has been es timated that there is an .average loss of nine days per worker per year due to illness. Start with Management As a consequence, it would seem to me that health education should start with he management. They must In* sold on the idea that a health program is an rionomic investment just as they have pretty well generally conceded that safe ty work is a guud investment. It is ab solutely essential, ton, that any plan or program of this n.ature must have the whole-hearted support of the manage ment in order to succeed. Hut to get down to the subject of health education for the workers, which is the important point to consider here, hu us first consider just what it is we wish to reach these workers. Do we want to attempt to teach them all about the .irious diseases, their prevention and lire-, etc? That is not our object. We are not trying to reach them to he tnedii ,d experts but simply to teach them the liest way to live. If we do a good job of this, we will not have rn worry =o much about diseases and their cures. From my observations, it would seem to me that this problem of proper living is NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 4 ' an .iiicuvs1 l i'i ')i m m n-'iis i mi ni\ic in bounds r in-i-n m mwiirai ini* mi, . `vars r \ ) l.i-inl.Mi i'Ci1: i 'rr ,t i'>''n .........;n '.fiiMuiiiiifii jil_i i is .(( i,im,ii in- tin* unm on I'lir.nivu'.t inn i iif *i: \.nc'-ii,iin uciiirai . _ .issuciiuion. i'J iim^i \ i in In***, ain* i*ns ..ini miior voiinii^ in iv ` 1 i i onu* tiii lit (i. he (im it) \|t i < uroi hroiix > ,ui trnponanr prownim* mri-*urt\ more and more becoming recognized as Feriodic check-ups give us an opportuni Other methods of health education, .u our`biggest health problem. ty to remind these employees of advice a more or iess impersonal nature, include As to the means of educating our workers on how to take care of them selves, there axe undoubtedly a great many ways of doing this. It seems to me that the logical place to begin educa tion of any sort is with the newcomer. Experience has proved that in any pro gram we attempt to get across in our various organizations, it is much easier to get new employees to accept the new ideas than to get old employees to change their ways. The new man will regard given previously and to see that they are really following suggestions made. Also, it is much more iikeiy that the man will act on the suggestions from the doctor if he knows that in six months or a year he will face that same doctor again. Where we do not have doctor's serv ices available, almost all of the smaller plants at least have a nurse or someone else who is trained in first aid work. In such cases it is possible to carry on our health education through these people. such mediums as employee publications, rule books, and bulletin board displays. The National Safety Council has pub lished a small booklet on health which is a very fine piece of work. One other phase of the health program concerns sanitation and ventilation. Ah the advice and instruction we can give will have very little effect unless w<suppiement it with a work place that ; clean, well ventilated and generally con ducive to good health. rules, regulations, systems and other methods in use as standard procedures and in his attempt to become acclimated We must lie careful, however, that these people do not attempt to in any way till the place of a regular physician. They New De-icer Overcomes See Danger to Planes and to make a good impression in his new surroundings, he is not inclined to question the order of lining things. can. however, be of invaluable service in offering advice and help on the ordi nary health questions, where a physi AVIATION" engineers have demon strated the effectiveness of an im proved type airplane de-icer that mav cian's advice is not necessary. Visiting enable air transportation to overcome Physical Examinations The initial physical examination has proved of particular value in introducing the new employee to the company and its human relation policies. To secure the fullest value of this opportunity, the physician must impress the individual with the sincerity of his interest in hint as an individual. Whatever impressions are made upon the new employee at this time determine his attitude and reactions to a great extent in later contacts with his foreman and fellow workmen, 'litis is also true of the new employee and the hospital personnel. Here he makes tip his mind, perhaps subconsciously, whether he will come to the hospital should he meet with a minor injury nr feel the need for advice, ur whether this G a place to be religiously avoided in the future. Workmen are quick to recognize genuine interest and are eager to place confidence in those they appraise uS incere. .Many people have a great tear of ex aminations. a fear that perhaps they will find out that, they are afflicted with some dreaded disease, or a fear that they will be disqualified for a jub because- ot it. They should be made to realize that these examinations are to their own ad vantage. as they are conducted in order to fit the individual to a job commen surate with his physical characteristics, .mb not to discriminate against him. H is absolutely essential to gain the new man's i ontuience and encourage him to ome to the medical department at any time for counsel and advice. Of course, if we have anlv >he orelimtnary examination and do not follow it up with periodical re-examinations, the First impression may gradually wear off. nurses are also used, and provide an ex cellent contact. Further efforts aiong the lines of health education through personal con tact can very well be made through our safety mmmittees. This can be done whether or not we have a physician in the plant, in the case where we do have a full-time physician, the safety t ommittee ' an be used to help popularize the medical department and encourage the use uf its facilities to the fullest ex tent. In the case where no regular medi cal department is maintained, they can then be taught to disseminate health propaganda of a genera! nature and to encourage their fellow workers to check up on their own health from time to time. Another way of educating our work ers along health lines if through the me dium of conferences and lectures. < in ferences. of course, are feasible only with small groups such as safety and sanita tion committees, or small groups ot workmen. Lectures and short health pro grams, however, can he carried on in larger groups, and they can be made to serve a real purpose. In Milwaukee the Association of ( ommerce has for about ten years organized and managed a yearly school of first aid and health. This school has for its ob ject primary instruction in three sub jects. There are usually five bi-weekly meetings which are held in a large audi torium in the renter uf the city, and during the last few years the enrollment has averaged between two and three thousand persons. Members of the school are recruited from the various in dustries of the city. The instruction given is uf a rather general nature but 1 believe that some important results have been obtained through this school. the obstacle of icing conditions along airways. With almost unnoticeable "sleeves" balloon silk drawn over the front of cwings and tail surfaces, a three-mile--minute twin-engined transport, earryir,. aeronautical engineers of Ended A: Lines and the 1L F. Goodrich t 'nmpam took off from a sweltering airport artclimbed to id.OOu feet to seek ice-form ing conditions. When ice begun to appear on the lea ing edge of the wing of the .Jl-me1 plane, the piiot of the plane turned valve on an air pump. The sieevswelled up, and the ice cracked and hieoff in the air stream. The air transport i ontpany will ror rinue exhaustive service tests of the ir proved device, probably preceding 1 stallation of the de-icers on all I'm:planes. The original type of "overshoe" icer consisted of rubber sheets: mount-' over the leading edges of the wing? ir. tail surfaces. When ice formed on :~ front of the wing, the rubber sheets wintlated by air pressure. Disadvantagof this type were excessive weight bulk, the installation for ,t transprplane being 1 SO pounds. By substituting balloon silk for ru her in tin ingenious manner, weight the de-icer was slashed to 45 pounds make it feasible for use on tdr liner? Strips of balloon silk -own to form series of tubes are placed over the free: edge of the wings, their elastic ruble edges being cemented to the wing -t.: faces. Air is pumped through conduc leading to the silk tubes and it initatr the sleeves to cause the removal of :bv t hanging the contour of the win. When the tur is expelled, the cGe-flattens out against the curve of the wing NATIONAL SAFETY NEW- National Safety Council Pamphlets on Industrial Safety and Health These pamphlets are issued in three series: (i) the General Safe Practices series, discussing accident problems common to practically all industries; (2) the Special Industries series, each pamphlet of which discusses the accident problems of a specific industry; and (3) the Health Practices series, discussing health problems encountered in industry. Title KT JCIJA Number Accident Statistics, Commercial Vehicle....LM Accident. Statistics, lndustnal--4fow to Analyze <imi Us** Them.................. S6 A'1* ident Statistics, Industrial--How to C<-llect and Tabulate Them..,.................. lil Amds ,*rhi Caustics ............................. -............ -25 [ The following is an alpha betical list of all the pamphlets in these three series. Pamphlets in the General series are numbered from 1 to 99; ail Bakery Operations, Safety in.... ........ Belt Shifters and Belt Shippers....................... 5 Belts ami Belt Guards .... ....................... .,........ 7 Benzol ........................................................... H.P. 14 Blast Furnaces .............................................. ,,Me-2 numbers with the prefix "HP" indicate pamphlets in the Health series; all others are in the Special Industries series. 'Ruilers, Marine, Safe Operation of.......Mar-2 Biiler>, Equipment and Operation..49 .Boilers, Steam. Sate Operation of.................. 2 1 Title Number Bm-k Making:, Safe Practice# tn......... ......OP-I Burns, Chemical, Their Nature and Treatment ................................................ Chem-3 foment, Storing, Packing: ami Ship ping ................................................................Cem-n t.'hiiiM, Hoisting, Use MiniPare nt................... 98 O'uupaiiiP. Industrial Safety, Planning.......51 chlorine, Safe Handling of..................... n C-indi 'horoiate ana C,<vt:i Manufao- Chromium .....................................................H.P, 1 tur' Safety m......................... FT' -Tothmg. Protective .................... ,..,.,.16 Parboil Monoxide ..................... ................. H.P. 7 j f'Vil, Bunker, Safe Practices m Han Ooiu-nt Mill Shops, h.ife practices m ...Cem-4 dling .............................................................Mar-2 !>ruent Mill Yards and Railroads......... Cem-h j tVil Systems, Pulverized, Safe Opera- p.-nient Rock Quarrying and Crusmng..0em-i ! - Uver j | Title Number f Committees, Safety .............................................. 72 Compressed Air Machinery and Equip- Cotnuressed Gases. Safe Practices m Handling .......... ............................................. ..... 25 Construction Work. Safe Practices on....Con-1 I Contests, Safety ........-..... ....... ...........................74 *Vmveyors ............. ..... ......................... ................. Ci'dues. Overhead Traveling...............................4 Cutting <dls and Emulsions, Safe Use of....14 Driver, Commercial, Mon-Trainc Hazaras Drivers for Commercial Vehicles. fVdeet- Orivers for Commercial Vehicles. Train- Drums and Barrels, Handling, Cleaning and Filling .................................................... PeM Prv Cleaning mid Dyeing Establish ments. Safety m............. .L-l Dust .................................................................H.P. 4 Electric Railway Rolling Block, jAtfe Maintenance of..... ............... ER-l Electrical Equipment in Industrial Plants..:# Elevator Accidents ami Their Prevention . 13 Engine Guarding and Engine Btops.............. Q FEBRUARY, 1934 LIST--Continued Title Number Engineering, A Factor in Accident Pre vention ............. .................................................... 79 Excavation Work, Safety in...... .............. Con-3 Exhaust Systems ........................... 22 Exits, Fire Alarms and Fire Drills............. ..19 Explosion Hazards, Industrial...................... ,..34 Explosions, Commercial ...................... ...... Eye Hazards, Industrial .................. ........ H.P. 8 Falls of Workers--Their Causes and f*revontion ................ ...... ..... ............ .............. ..99 Fatigue, Practical Methods of Reducing....50 Fire Brigades .............................................. 36 Fire Causes and Prevention............................. 31 Fire Extinguishment ................. ...................... 24 First Aid, Training for..... ............. Floors and Flooring......................... S3 11 Food Preserving and Canning, Safety in..F-l Forging and Hot Metal Stamping, Safe Practices in .................. 35 Foundries, Cleaning and Finishing Rooms in ....... ..Me-1 Foundries, Safety in....................... 73 Fuel Handling, Storing and Firing................46 Fume Poisoning from Nitric and Mixed Acids .......... Chexrt-2 Fumigating Ships, Hazards in..................Mar-1 Gases and Vapors......................................... H.P. 9 Gasoline Service Stations, Safety in Op eration .............. Pot-2 Goggles ............................................. 14 Grinding Wheels .............................. 13 Grounding Practices ..................................... PU-2 Guards, Machinery, Construction of.......... ...58 Handling Material (Hand ami Truck)......... 54 Handling Material (Mechanical Equip- Health Service Policies............................ H.P 12 Health Supervision in Industry........ .....H.P. 5 Heat Treating, Safe Practices m............... Au-I Hoisting Apparatus ......... 33 Hospitals, Safety in............................_..... ....L`E-3 Hotels, Safety in....... ............................. CE-3 Housekeeping, Industrial ............ .................... 45 Ice, Safe Practices in Delivery................. Ref-1 Infected Wounds .........................................H.P. K Injured Workers, Caring for......................... S3 Inspections, Safety ........ 75 Investigation of Accidents................................. 36 Knots, Bends, Hitches and Blings....... ............6 laboratories, Chemical ..................................... 60 Title Number Title Number Ladders .. --...-...................-----.--....... .. -1 Lead ......... .......... ........... -- ......H.P. Z Leather Tanneries, Safety in............................. 1 Lighting, Industrial Shop................................22 Lumber Yards, Commercial, Safe Prac tices in operating............................ -....... .W-2 Macaroni Plants, Safety in..... ....... ............... F-5 Machine Shop Machinery..............-.............. _..39 Respirators, Gas Masks, Hose Masks and i Breathing Apparatus ____________________ 64 | Rod Mills __ _____________ ___ __________ ___Me-4 ! Rope, Manila and Wire.....................-............ 26 | Rubber Industry, Compounding Mate- i rials Used in the........................ Ru-1 I Rubber Protective Equipment, Line| mens. Testing, Careand Use *f...............PTT-3 Rules, Safety--Their Formulation and Enforcement ................... ................................. :ni Maintaining Interest in Safety.......... 67 Safety Man in Industry....................................84 Maintenance and Repair Men, Safe Prac- ^ Mathematical Tables and Data for the Safety Engineer ......... ................ .............. ....... 78 Medium-Sized Plant, Safety in the..... ....... ..87 Meetings, Safety ..................... ........ .................... 77 Meetings, Safety, Topics for.... ........... .......... 93 Scaffolds ............... ................ ..................................12 Shafting, Couplings, Pulleys, Gears, Sprockets and Chains......................... .............. Signs, Warning--Their Use nuri Main tenance .........L........... ................. .................... M Skin Affections .......................................... ILF. if) Spray Coating ...... 91 Stairs and Stairways............................................ 2 Mercantile Establishments, Accident and Health Hazards ............ -............................ CE-1 Milk Bottling Plants, Safety in................... F-4 Mine Rescue Work ............... ......... ................. M-2 Motion Pictures in Educational Work......... 62 New Employees, Teaching Safety to............65 State Safety Requirements mIndustry......... lu Static Electricity ...........................................52 Stills, Petroleum, Safe Practices m Cleaning ....................................................... Pet-6 Structural and Sheet Metal Fabrication. Safety in ........... ..... -......... .... ................. --Me-; Suggestion Systems ...... ..................................... f * Nursing service in industry.,.................H.P. 11 Oil Field Pumper, Safety for.......... .......... Pet-7 Oiling Devices and Oilers.............. ............... 10 Tank Cars (Gasoline), Safe Practices in Loading ......................... ....... .................Pet Tanks, Storage, for Oils, Acids and Dry Materials ....................................... ...................Li Organizing a Complete Industrial Safety Tools, Hand ................................. *.......................:: Program ............42 j Tools, Hand, Portable Electrical--.............. 7s Personnel and Health Work................... H.P.15 , Track Cars, Motor, Hand and Push, Use Paper and Pulp Mills....... ........................ .....PP-1 Paper Box Manufacturing, Safety in.......l'P-2 Physical Defects ......-- ................... ..H.P. 13 Physical Examination in Industry,.,.....H.P. 2 Pipe Lines and Tanks as Causes of Accidents ....--... .............. Chem-1 Pipe, Safe Practices in Handling and Laying ...................... ..... .............. ...... ,,....... Pet-4 Piping Systems, Identification of................. 38 Pljins ^ and Specifications, Checking for Posters, Safety and Bulletin Boards...........38 Power Depariments, Industrial*....................36 | Truck Driving (Sales), Safe......................Pet-5 Trucks and Wheelbarrows ............................. 20 Tunnel and Caisson Work, Safety md Health in ..................... Con-2 Vehicle Accidents, Preventing...................I.- Ventiiation, Industrial .............. ........................ Warehouses and Shipping Rooms................: Water, Drinking, Wash and Locker Rooms and Toilet Facilities........................2 Welding, Gas and Electric............................. L. Wood Furniture Manufacture, Safety in .VV- Woodworking Machinery .... .. ........................ 2" Yards ...................................................................... L Presses, Power ................... 18 Pressure Vessels (PT-15 lAir Receivers and Hot Water Tanks)...................... b'6 Pressure Vessels fPT-2) iSteam jacketed Vessels, Digesters, Stills!----------- -------------68 PAMPHLETS FOR SPECIAL INDUSTRIES Public, Protection of, .......... PU-l Members purchasing the lomplete set Pulling Wells, Safe Practices in...,......... Pet-1 Radio ...______ _____ General Safe Practices Pamphlets ina PS-1 j Railroads in Industrial Plants.........................48 select pamphlets from the Special Indus Rayon Manufacture. Safety in,,............. Chem-4 i tries Series to he included with general Refrigeration, Mechanical ....................... el 1 at no additional cost. GENERAL SAFE PRACTICES A complete set of the General Safe Prac tices Pamphlets, bound in a loose leaf binder and indexed, A(.taal,y Worth se.uu niav he pr urchased bv members. Each pur Ps> ri.ce 12chaser receives auto- dj *-fli matkally, a copy of even new pamphlet, AA JF W as issued, thus keeping the set up-to-date. ` inriUGU'C "IMriVl HEALTH PRACTICES PAMPHLETS A series of Pamphlets which take the status of a reference "Handbook of Indus trial Health"---valuable for quick reference pur poses. Order a set now and as new Pamphlets are issued they will he forwarded to you auto Price 600dj *t /I matically. prtre ft!.!'; ic "tnder EXTRA COPIES Any single pamphlet listed on this she. is available to members at the foliowu._ rates: No, of Copies* l to !0.... 11 to A * 25 to 49.... 50 to ns... 100 to 499.... 500 to 99`J.... 1,000 to 1,999=.... 2,000 or more... P*>* F'-i : __ i- 2VAnONAL SAFETY COUNCIL <NCO*PO*ATE0Civic Opera Bldq.~~20M WackcrDrive Chicago NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 39 Mail Lifts industrial Data Sheet Ao. D--Gen. 2 A. Problem: Safety of riders on man-lifts, B. Hazards: The principal hazards in the oper ation and use of man-lifts are the possibilities of severe injuries should the rider be carried past the top floor or should he he unable to stop the lift at any time in case of emergency. <1. Discussion: 1. Factor of Safety: A factoi' of stfety of not less than 6 for all materials should be used in the construction of man-lifts, 2. Steps. Steps of man-lifts should be placed at right tingles to the belt, not less than 10 feet apart and should be made of or covered with non-slip material. They should he not less than 12 inches deep, measured from the face of the belt to the far edge of the step. The steps should he designed to safe ly carry a load of not less titan let) pounds per step. 3. Hand-Holds: A hand-hold securely fastened to the holt and about waist-high should lie provided above every step. There should never he a step without a corresponding hand-hold, nor a hand-hold without a corresponding step. 4. Stopping Devices: .HI man-lifts -huttkl be provide! with a stop, mechanically or electri cally operated, so arranged as to automatically cut ott the. power and stop the belt when a rider reaches the top landing. This stop should be positive in action and must eliminate all possibility of a rider being carried `'over the top" ..f the man-lift belt. A manually-operated stopping de vice should he provided at the side of the belt for use in case of emerg ence. This device should be readily accessible throughout the entire travel of the belt, and so arranged that a rider may instantly stop the man-lift by a pull on the device in the direction of belt travel. 5. Floor Openings: Moor openings for man-lifts should he circular or semi-circular, and not less than 30 inches in diam eter. Standard guard rails and toe boards should be provided around all floor openings. Such railing should be f.o placed so as to allow a landing space of not less than two feet wide at each landing. This land ing space should be made oi or covered with non-slip material. Opening's in guard rails should not lie opposite floor openings. The mini mum distance between the edge of any step and an opening in the floor, measured at right angles to the plane of the belt, should be 14 inches. The door space adjoining man-lift open ings should be kept free from mater ial and well lighted at all times. 6. Emergency Landings: When the highest point <<f licit travel is more than five feet above the top landing, an emergency plat form provided with a permanent ladder or stairs to the landing should be installed on one side of the uptravel itif the belt. The emergency platform should be three feet below tile highest point of licit trawl, 7. Overhead Clearance: The minimum clearance between the head pulley and the roof or other obstruction should be four feet, 8. Shear Plates: hear plate- ,o an angle of not less than 0U degrees with the horizontal should be provided at every point if travel at which there is a projec tion which may form a shear hazard to the rider while on a step. 9. Carrying Objects: No large objects .should be carried by any rider on a man-lift. If hand tools or other small objects are car ried, they should be in a container or fastened to the rider's belt in such manner as to afford no hazard to the carrier or to riders on steps below. 10. Guarding of Machinery: All machinery of any man-lift should be guarded in s.uch manner as to prevent injury by accidental contact with any parts. 11. Speed: The maximum -.peed of a man-lift licit should not exceed ft) feet per minute, or that allowed bv state or local requirements. f 2. Signs : >11111- carrying instructions tor use if man-lift should be displayed at each landing. 13. General: l'n some -tates when existing manlifts become damaged or deteriorated more than 50 per cent of their orig inal value they must be discontinued from service and cannot be replaced by new niau-litts. Tlto.-e states alsu 'prohibit new installations of manlifts and dn not allow existing manSifts where u-ed a- permanent install ation to be re-erected in new loca tions. Many states classify man-lifts with pas-enger elevators and require that regular periodic inspections he made of each man-lift by approved inspectors who must tile copies of their reports with the. -late authori ties. FEBRUARY. 1934 National Safety Council. Ine. 20 North \\ acker Drive. Chicago. Illinois 40 The Bulletin Board A page lor those who maintain the Show Windows of Safety Conducted by STAN KERSHAW A Novel Method of Displaying Posters and Publications SPEAKING of the many uses for safety posters, here is a novel method of displaying them and it offers the addi tional advantage of a convenient method of keeping safety magazines, house organs and pamphlets before plant workers. The combination four-sided illumin ated bulletin board, reading lamp and magazine stand shown in the accompany ing illustration is the idea referred to. If you attended the Annual Safety t 'on- gress last October you will remember one of these stands was on display in the Council's poster exhibit in the Kx- hibit Hall. The materials necessary to build the stand consist merely of some scrap lum ber, a sheet or two of M-inch plywood or stout wall board, some cardboard, an electric light socket and attachments and some bright colored paints or enamel. The construction is so simple that it is unnecessary to go into details. The four-sided lamp shade may he made of cardboard, wood or metal. The ;>osters are fastened inside the openings with scotch <ir adhesive tape so they can lie t hanged easily and if Council posters are used you will find the paper on which they are printed is just about the right weight for the light t<> shine through them when a 100 watt bulb is the length of the following list. We were when we discovered the numerous us-s to which the members have put the posters issued by the Council. You might find it well worth while to review the list and see what methods you haven't used that would he well worth considering. used in the socket. Here they are: This makes an excellent display for reception rooms, rest rooms, waiting rooms, reading moms and company restaurants. 1 < >n bulletin boards, of Cuinst. Mailing topics tn du* home* tit winters. Posting tn company buses and other con- o'vauccs '.slier!' employees may read as tbev i idc. Twenty-Five Uses for Safety I. Placing them in the windows of local onrr-v restaurants and hanks where workers Posters uni their families may we them. This helps THE v,i\' in which posters may be used to interest workers mid the to build up a community sifetv spirit T Placing them m company display al lows. public in safety are worthy of special 6 inserting oipies in house means with mention. There is a great tendency for special mention of them m the tesrt. most of us to think of the use of posters only in terms of the bulletin hoard, but in reality this h only one of the many ways of putting them to work. You will probably be astonished at (thing ngt copies of special posters as hind bills h-ik'H drives jit heme made on po.'i.il oibietts. 2 Mounting Copies of special posters on i udbo.mi and lacquering m varnishing them for perm ment posting. V Unclosing first aid posters of aa risrnn. five nature in first aid kits. 10. Posting general posters m passc-nee elevators toward front of car so passem;.-: may read as they ndc. If. Posting general posters on the sides . electric and gasoline tractors used about t!v plant and plant yard. 12. Suspending traveling bulletin im.irs from overhead parts conveyors, as m autoira five plants, and putting posters on them. I 3. Posting in depot waiting rooms. 14, Putting special sets of postern in ,i tractive binders and placing them in re. cptuu and waiting looms, such as m mam offices employment offices and first aid stations dispensaries. Also in rest rooms and club ream mg rooms, 15, Distributing copies of first aid post.; to the members of first aid classes for use mg the classes anti for home study. 16, Posting copies mside doors of m... vidual toilet booths and near the wash star:, m locker and wash rooms. l'h 'selecting Copies of posters ,-spcuu.. suitable tor children and donating supplies them to local schools for use m class -m1 A fine public spirited thing to do and not w out its leturns in indirectly reaching the wor. through his family). !H. Posting good general appeal poster-; the exterior of company trucks, V aeons buses as a means of aiding tn budding community interest m safety. IV, Posters having strong general u-t-. and vehicle tvpe posters placed in I K.il arr ears. buses and railroad coaches. 20, Displaying Copies m company looms ami cafeterias. 21, There are occasional special posic:-, ;.... lelate to the use of the products of a comru:r These make good enclosures fo e,'ed packages with such products. 22, Reproducing specially .Itclca in miniature m company house oieans, 2;i. (.'bug miniature icproductums of pus: eis as pay envelope enclosmes. b Lkiing miniature leproductions of ,, able posters as stickers to put on mter-depj-mental correspondence, mb orders, etc. 2'2 Making a-Tllv v!e.-.:.i : in nuking up senes of lantern slides ! t ing at safety meetings. You will probably not be able to mak use of oil of the ideas hut this list p: viries a good opportunity to determir.< whether or not you have some as far :: you might in your efforts to make Ur of this powerful educational medium the safety poster. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ;,;r;i^;l'ii: :^: "D'^::.'i'pj^llppsff:^', if".: ;:^p;Si 1,1 ecpfS? HE UNEXPECTED WHILE i DRIVING N A r i c N a 1. STV C O U NC lL SSiff.f|':- 5pi,e,,,,,, ,:.,'JSX:J#W Irf Think of each ACCIDENT 1-- lhou<'h il hod iiciuiiniccl loxou PCARELtSS MAN FOOLS , ,:; || NOBODY BUT HIMSELR AND ilp 1JL/*/y Ji U, THE.N ONLY UNTIL HE. GETS ||||1 hffVe prevented *H U R Til a? HATtQNAt $ j& F T V COUNCIL 1 / #' Y M ' r Ll USE ELECTRICITY SAFELY 'iSi HERE and ut HOME N A T t -i N A t Js A 6 T 'i C (.) V N C t L `SIM-B I7ii:2i liMlieir^ :v 'Sl5t||: ; SfSI-B ifi.facte 4nn.it* MAYBE YOU i CAN'T AFFORD 1 SOME THINGS X\s BUT YOU CERTAINLY [AN AFFORD TO BE CAREFUL I AM DANGEROUS WHEN I LOSE MY HEAD SiLpfiiij-:; S A YiSJfcfc o re ou i UAIRS L FIT ,at the BidofEach Wnvbitofj thnr 1 WATCH OUT TOR YOUI AA' IMtt ( MI Si 0 21000 III UIK i' | IP" as l "Mum III ( I IIIIM lUllU ,'M % Sl Ml'A ' /> y N f t 70,1VioAdults //w/Glasses have you had your e> es examined reieiitK ? ; .lists, tecfiw' . 2 tlftlt* ,,, 4#5cl- ft4J? ttwilw* mit ijt/TAiMV men wave had their hand: badly lacerated by broken wires amt loose ends at splices. Mar: 21 Im LEARN F H 0 M T II E EXPEKIEMiE OF OTHERS r c OI'MIU nr virtm* -i *|>r *** >4^ Iwrit* tiisi.rr.* Si t li--' *;-( fir Mi ti* Uir ll--ir St n Ui'l K >'i H Jim. own I \ KF tSt I HI M. M'.OlMl IH.FKOOtHl !> UMFUthllFtF Mm1t0 wmififSPfS :M - alC'SZ'ji f < ' / ,/ 'Vf ,tr-> *: lA "t 8M4;" Z'Z 1 ^SM*';2 ...| 'iUWi i i (i j> tut [ > t < * * >o x t tiij. t i ( Hu 1 ,,rt { t> N A 1 8 A f KT' Hi, S'ilONM 1 t skin " 11 MS, IS IT SHOULD BE ^ YOUR FIRST :< i ` 9 THOUGHT BEFORE CLIMBING 'Sfy'-t A LADDER NA" I O N A L jA x!2 fHciie*TMs j A NICE KITE YOU HAVE THERE SONNY BUT BE CAREFUL NOT TO FLY IT NEAR, 1----- *--------"t-. tLECTRIC WIRES - 'AND I DON'T USE WIRE FOR A ; KITE STRING i NATIONAL PETY COUNCIL ... WHAT AH Bt DOPE TO 1? mwfEMT ACClDEiiTS UICC.THIS? NATIONAL S A F tT Y CO U N C tt fillilftits fart*r' (TF'.-'tf ^* 1 ^ you should never walk on tarpaulin ff?cb ve re d hatch e S' .ss A T f O N A {. Aff 1 "lliIK "f*fS Iftctw*' ! unit >s THE UNSEEN KILLER THAT LURKS IN I ---------------- MOTOR EXHAUST GAS ................. IT MAY 6ET INTO A CLOSED TRUCK CAB \ r. ........... ........ .. -t OR W' f$ V his mm u>mwi a mm on mum BROKEN TOOLSmun- sa *0>f A CLOSED AUTOMOBILE IT IS DEADLY IN CLOSED GARAGES WITH MOTORS running- KIU IT WITH FRESH AIR , .. B EFORE )T KILLS YOU I f , ; > ; ", unci h AT I O N A L S A f t rY C <> U N C i L MU ' `**12 turiwmj in \ i* ti f'v":s .............. '" W# gfilfff';'TM0 .... ^ V'T^'(\ r ' v'ul ril' $$S'; Mi* Ut* ,^ fW\V piai; ; Tv R RESPONSIBILITY QSs^l S *.... ; Abb' /*" J -V \ W. ;>i i J%ssMhzz. YOU WOULDNT 00 THIS- BUT TO REACH IMTO MOVING MACHINERY IS JUST AS DANGEROUS ft r I O N A V v A . f_ t v c; >..t .( N ,,, . ." fs:lf;lHc:li.... Ilili (< A f 8 <5 N A U , A f K T V ft* 12 tn*lm CRUNCH. 1 f\ 4-v:;J\ vif** -4' .. - v \3$* liitT1' His iliMifrerous pranks make trouble and cause accidents. IVjje him to stop his horse-play. M AT . O N A L ,, A . t. F . C O U N Cl l WiSfig , felflncliet' t twsSt SAD but TRUE SMALLEST aSnLamIVssEmR/MSjm .V. It takes* AIN ACCIDENT- * TO TEACH SOME PEOPLE SAFETY ----- - ,, . hA|| o N A t > A [ t r y' C (/ U N C U ilc# <tifi|tichw i aiiii- wmh .4?;;^ i i t twt^t national. V A Ct.fr 1UE*V .....k,3? C O O M O It I unit w MW j I V\ >-!./ V> WHERE YOU iARE GOING ji In this day oS close competition, a good safety record may be the difference betwe failur Our ]obs depend upon the way our company meets this competition. ( To, Let's all accept our part in this responsibility. n &, r i o n . ilft I |i < .tn l.es I unit $Mt* k at ttt Jm> |Mfn ft W j l^,,, . thp 'istSst'- I ijBit;, - have the en-j t tire responsibility1 for back in" sour vehicle j safely. When you a re isure the way is dear back I ; slowly and with caution, j 'UNCI. s " I ,110'M: i:tt sew* i)j f2 'll'iclwi El'i'jjiIf'M*- EliliJadlsr .ailif;,:. (fill! I 1f Ji IH 'H GOOD SHOULDERS + GOOD SHORING BEING CAREFUL it's Better n sips report icicles M. deffiu, 2 gpin than accide " a;, HELP TO MAKE THE JOB SAFE (MAYBE) BEING LUCKY don't I someone ei.se to do it :5! I-telte.Aggg i unit 4Sf2 iH ipf;te i '*ii lllilf MORE THAN llS ill V.)']LO)(0)) \ PliSi; PEOPLE AM RULED jpp& RY jlMli strain means pain fur the chap who overlifts Ufa > a f e t v <; o n C < i r""TM" N A Y t O N A C. '> A t f. f Y .'mi ftstil teeter' ts.ll IhsIim You Wouldn't Shoot Mndfoided hi- It Pays to keep your eyes open on the job telz Inches it m* : lifar&Ate' pm# 1 >* . t.! ; ut.i' a, a .........-i-am* ttetirteetel te;:'iitels: :J4'| liifS.S,:|r ssVllttA :tet/M :me.' fell' Inches i eJt sfiltf DRESSING BELTS feilf IfHhfr*! riaift '"'501+'' axis trtdus I sh?K SMS feU ttulws ' tffft vi WATTAMESS For safety's sake keep your workplace clean b in qoocl order IflC'I Wyi i, trait ;,t,t4/ lit! Itclsd ifMy:''tI^Ts' i IV'Jif' |fI? 1i;:,s :'h 48 The Safety Exchange ......................--`A ROUND TABLE IN PRINT"---------- nrHE IDEAS presented here have proved help ful. If you have developed a useful device or method send in a description, illus trated with a sketch, blue print or photograph, if possible Hinged Block is a Perfect Paper Roll Uhock Formerly the big paper rolls, some times left on the roll platform without a proper chock, rolled off. with conse quent injury to the paper if not also to an unwary workman. In the plant of the Mead Corporation, a neat device insisting of a simple hinged block nit out of the end of the roll platform and folded up and back, now keeps the roll securely in place. When it is desired to remove the roll of paper, the chock is merely allowed to swing back into the depression, leaving a smuoth track for the roll. r ^ ^fr" Hard Rubber Company, of College Point, N. V. Each day the name of one employee was drawn from a "Contest Barrel" and posted on the board; on the following day, if all employees worked without accident, this employee drew the prize. The wording on the bottom of the board reads: 'Would you like to win a cigar, or pack of cigarettes, or candy? Here are the simple rules. Every day at noon the name of an em ployee will he drawn and the name placed on (he board for the next day. For every day the factory operates with out a lost-time accident, the person holding that day will win that day the choice of prizes offered. Work safely every flay--somebody will win--maybe .-on--who knows." New Safety Guy Hook Has Clever Usage When linemen climb poles for the purpose of attaching guy ropes, serious falls sometimes occur because >u the decayed condition of the poles. The Appalachian Electric Power Co., of Bluefield. W. Va., has designed a special guy hook, however, which has completely eliminated the necessity for men to limb poles for this purpose. : Note the accompanying drawing showing dimen sions.) The guv honk is mode u inch round steel stock. The hook slipped under a sliding loop that has the any ropes attached, a pike pole i- in serted in the eye of the hook and hoisted to the desired point on the pole, the guy ropes are then tightened and the pike pole remover!, SAFETY SWEEPSTAKES august ........ fflWi afanMBH 8oM6miv4wn\ 1 SltlfiWUDLat I. * . " ' , ' 5-Wv 'f m. rH*r*d -t 't i svftMi *3,-1 >fi t ViP .ft- \ 1...! ,r* *"t U.ti t ` " J .. j t j, tr< .Novel Bulletin Board Usts Prizes for Safety This bulletin board shows a long list if employees who won in the safety contest conducted by the American 'V NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Safe Scaffold for the Men on High Stacks; A safe type of scaffold. using the ratchet- drum type hanger with steel table, for working on the inside or out side of smokestacks, hits been designed and built by the construction dfpartmen t of the Xew York Edison Company ami the Cnited Electric Light and -19 there is heavy pressure, is shown in the accompanying picture supplied from the Bureau of Mines. Ordinary rigid ma teriai such its concrete or masonry walls would very likely be ruptured. In such a case, this stopping is made lift mostly of timber wedged lightly into place. Salamander Protected with (biard Rail Salamanders are still used, although perhaps not the best means of providing (No Hazards in Lifting; Car Wheels Here is an interesting wheel crane Imilt in the Richmond, California, shops of the Pullman Company. 1'he con struction and operation are apparent from the two pictures. The crane hook is ittached to the wheel, and when air is applied the heavy wheel is easily lifted I iv one man. when formerly it required three men to lift the same wheel with serious hazards during the process. Power Company. The scaffold is made up of sections, joined together to form a tomplete t ircle around the stark. The stations are made of angle iron frames with rough spruce planking. 1'he frames are loosely bolted together ami by means of spacing blocks the affold can be made to lit the varying diameters of many stacks. (Mine Stoppings Resist Heavy Pressure \n effective method of building stop pings. to seal parts of the mine where jif. - _ .CCITs j, J heat in large buildings such ; steel null foundries and on construe tin jobs. Che illustration shows a guard rail around a salamander, as used by the Junes tv l.aughlin Steel ' otnpanv. Supporting; Portable Cable of Hand Tools T. avoid tripping hazards and ex essive wear on the portable cable of Keep the Cable offtheFlook Karo Wooo Jfs> Crane 1 v**?.*,,ir|1! r*~ 7EP ~ Uew Way /" / "'-- !d|\-UVOu/ rter 0 \ 0KJ ' `HC.,:'n Main t Trucking a/sle Tn 3AO , j' : Obstruction^ ^ < PORTA&L.C. . EC TR/C C -1BL E Sl/P &ORT. hand tools, the following suggestion is made in the Miiii'njan M ufimL Simp Man of May. !ct%where the accompanying diagtant also appears. The light jib crane is designed tn fold up for ease in transporting and storing. The installa tion of two screw eyes over every outlet on ket is the only permanent part of the equipment. FEBRUARY. 1934 50 KLEINS The Safety aru Jy ^ MARY M. WELLS Librarian N.S.C. -- Further information regarding publications listed here, can he obtained from the National Safety Council Library SAFETY 4 TOT. fin JOB, a dangerous job. ilL -- Hindu easier -- *afur !> Meins, Birblit* utility com- punies t'u'rvwhmi have standard- izftd on Klein equipmenUor linemen. Lineman thenisi*|\e> know the irnportnom of Kirin equipment on the job that eafN tor 'kill. otinum and caution. Klein equipment lias represented the minimum in qualit > and safety - Tinee A national rampawn fcnturinq uticfv for linemen is hewn , ntiducted by Mathias h h>in 4 Sans to assist in yellimi tin1 idea oj safety in linemen. Distributed Utmnr/h jot(her k Four pamphlets of J Ik' h' t:- interest to you if you i<re a Itnenmn or responsible lor m M ;jf the safety of line- fw men. Cheek the - |||J ones you want. Cl fiairt y lor the l'o[.* I `hmlver O `SpecUicatioiiKuu Lmt'itn-iV Bi-iisiml .-T'O .'ir.ijjs Die Ralety K.'ftor on iaiit'fnen ,* 9n.nl., f. j Pocket loot Oij.ti** KLEINMathias Lull.d-tfBjl & Sans Buffeton.! 3200 BELMONT AVE., CHICAGO BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Flammable Liquids: Suggested ordinance regulating the? use. handling, storage and sale of flammable liquids and the products thereof, including require ments for automobile gasoline service or tilling stations and Appendix on rooms, cabinets and outside houses for the storage of flammable liquids. Published by the National Fire Pro tection Association, 60 Battcrymarch St., Boston. Mass., 1033. Price 13c. IPamphlet ) Insecticides: ' Insecticides and spraying operations. Pub lished by the Retail Credit Co., Atlanta. Ga.. 1934. (Pamphlet) (Industry Report) Labor Legislation: Wisconsin Industrial Commission. Child Tabor laws. 1933, Published by the industrial Commission. Madison. SViv (Free j (Pam phlet) Occupational Diseases: U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: . Lnapa- tion hazards and diagnostic signs. A guide to impairments to be looked for in hazardous oc cupations. By Louis 1. Dublin and Robert j. Vane, L-'.G, For sale hv the Superintendent of Documents, Washington. D. C Price v. l Pamphlet! t Bulletin No. W2 i Silicosis: Workmen* compensation for Silicosis Re port of the Committee on Pncumonuo mioses uf the American Public Health Association, P>33, Printed hv the A-uciation of Casualty .md Surety Fxeeutues, f >ne Park Avenue. TYw dork Cnv. i Pamphlet) Workmen's Compensation: Medical relations undci workmens v>mpem '..ition. A report prepared bv the Bureau of Medical Economics. American Medical Associa tion, Published bv the American Medical Association, YD Dearborn >r,, Chicago. 111,. BP;, Price "x, (Pamphlet) PERIODICAL ARTICLES Asbestosis: Donnelly, j., Pulmonarv asbestosis In Amonwt lournai <d Public ifi.///T December. 1Vv\ p. I2~r'-I280. Carbon Tetrachloride: Mollcr, K Some > <>f eaibnn terra- 'blonde pitisounu' m >mn-< tmn vgb drv jiampoomu md drv cleaning with a sumo of the use and action of the substance. Fn ioNrn.u ' h{/.'. o,,i. /1'. f.vcc, ,Y>Isrnjhc-r, ) ; -, p. MR-M2. Fire Prevention and Protection: Like, Y., Preventing tires with blankets of gas. in yampf^ised Air Magazine, December 19 33, p. 4295-4399, Gas Industry: Doyle, F. F., Safety precautions during repair of high pressure gas mains. In American Gaj AisoctMion Monthly, December. DH3 p. 400. 300. Tomkins, S. b,, Gas detection instruments. In American Gas Association Month!\. Decem ber, 1933, p. 311-319. Industrial Accidents: Accidents in the manufacturing Industrie.'. 1926 to 1932. in U. S. Bureau of Labor Statis tics, Monthly Labor Renew, December. 1 ->' p. 1388-1.394, Labor Legislation: Labor Legislation of 193 3. In America*: Labor Legislation Review, December. 193 3. : pn.jnp Pedestrians: With or facing traffic' In Travelers Stand- od, Januaiv, LY-p p. 1-4, Radium: Ivrs. j. h. and others. Health aspects-- radium dial painting, ill: Measurements c: tadio activjtv in workers, in journal of InJu-iriM ihyieue, November, Ism3* p. 433-44' :xhvvartz, L. and others. Health aspects : radium dial painting. {V: Medical and dev:. . phases. fn Journal M htdun'na, H\ c,v`V November. 1933, p. cr-DY Silicosis: D.iIIk K. L. and dale, if IT T!u- monad:- tv-.peiu-iiLe of ,ni ocaipationai group r-vpox- , to silica dust, compared with that of die gene.- ai population and an occupation group r-xpoac.' to dust not containing silica. In journal . hunn/naj r{\ pteue, November, L4, p. 11 L D,udner. L. U., Pathology of s.j-c.dled acu.. ' ilicosis, fn American journal or Public He.ilic December, 193 3, p. 1240-1249. Timpxm, H. 1... Tire roentgenogram m s. - 'Acute' Mkosis. In Amt*'can jo urn.:, or Public Health, December. I9>s_ p, 123'"- ! 2 pa, Smith. A. R.. Review >*f Silicosis. Pt. VI In Ness YoN Department of Libor hniud^- ANA tin, A'.-niher,, 1933, p. 3llX-3l)V Smith. T. S. and \VikofT. H. L., The silic- ..ntent of the lung' of a group of tunne. v. i Tts. In A."/ct,'i i" !'>>> >! u Public - i'YivmKei', 1-'". p. |JmI-i.'s4 Workmen's Compensation: Maverv M, II., Time limitation m compv;..- - (tiou tor industrial disease^. In journal Hygiene, November, tQ33, p. 4oo- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Personals L. K, Calvert, has been appointed works engineer for the Westinghouse Lamp ompanv, according to an an nouncement by H. S. Black, manager of maintenance and engineering, Mr. C alvert succeeds to the position held by the late E. J. Smith tn whom he was assistant for a number of years. He also succeeds to the chairmanship of the managers policy committee on safety matters. This work is in line with what he has done for years as supervisor of safety activities for the Equipment and Development Division at Bloomfield. Mr, (.'alvert has long been a staunch supporter of industrial safety, and under his guidance the good safety records achieved under Mr. Smith are expected to lie maintained. Mr. Calvert's head quarters are to be in Bloomfield, and plant maintenance of all company manu facturing properties will come under his direct supervision. 51 I Dr. James FT. Greene, for the past four years manager of the Cooperative Department of the Studebaker Corpora tion. South Bend. Ind., has resigned to become executive secretary of the Mer chants' Association of Pittsburgh. Wal ter S. Gundeck, assistant manager of the < imperative Department., succeeds Dr, Greene as manager. Mr. Gundeck has tieen with the department since its organization iol9 and was in charge of employment before being appointed assistant manager. Jack V. >voit, fur the past four years in charge nf membership promotion at National Safety Council headquarters, resigned January 1 to become associated with the Quality Weaving Company. Philadelphia, AS f'.VE who can remember the old time saloon smelling of sour beer, limburger and men who believed that it was unhealthy to bathe on any other night but Saturday, the contemporary effort to sentimentalize the corner grog shop is just one more example of the invincible immaturity of the American mind. The fact is, of course, that the average old rime saloon was such an unpleasant place visually, audibly and olfai torilv* that the t ustorners had to j throw in two or three stiff hookers of whiskey as fas: as possible in order to make the environment tolerable. -Postage and The Mailbag. FEBRUARY, 1934 DRESSINGS BAyHESIVE attains maxi mum tenacity at body tempera ture -- a fact which has esta blished is popularity. And it is available in special forms of particular conven ience. Standard widths come in the dustproof, free-reeling BAY container that is handy to use and protects the plaster. Convenient eighth and quarter inch strips can be had on reels two inches wide. Readi-cut rolls for use in the new improved BAY wall rack facilitate han dling in clinics -- the closed rack is not marked by visible advertising insignia. BAY'S one-inch Readi-Bandages come in handy, profes sional packages of 100; the six-inch width is packed six to a box. Physicians who specify ''BAY'S" receive maximum efficiency and convenience-- at no increase in cost. THE BAY COMPANY O N N f C T 1 C tJ T PARKE, DAVIS & CO- THU HAY OniHW, BIUIH.UPORT, t 0\N\ i : iwndtv tin* a In*1 s.impir *T MoHisJ\r, i ompmu ...................................... ... ......................................... .................................. tTfiifiMitig.................. .. ...................... ..... Vtidrci^...................................................... ............... ............... .. Pipe Lines in the Plant (Continued from page 24) In the event of a break in the sulphuric Healthguard pipe lines, it is a simple matter to insert this plug in the tank outlet pipe, thereby stopping the flow of acid from the stor SAND BLAST MASK age tank at once. Should it become necessary to install a distribution manifold header with a valve to each tank or piece of equipment, do not consider the use of any type of When sand blasting, extra precaution must iron body gate valve. There are numer be taken to see that operators are fully protect ed against breathing harmful dusts. Sand blast ing is a major industrial hazard because if the ever-present dusts are taken into the lungs they cause grave complications and are a source of serious compensation claims. ous lead lined iron body plug valves on the market for this purpose. Aside from the elimination ot pos sible accidents which is the principa. factor to he considered, it actually is more economical to use lead pipe lines and fittings. Lead piping can be patched But sand blasters wearing the new CESCO HEALTHGUARD MASK are wholly safe guarded--they can't breathe these harmful dusts as this mask is (by laboratory rating) over 'i'1'. efficient as a barrier to dust entry. locally at the point of leakage by means in lead burning in a few minutes. In certain metal pickling operations, a dilute solution of from 8 to 12 per ceiv sulphuric acid is used to remove scale and foreign matter from the metal to be Not only is it nearly 100'., perfect in this re pickled. Tt is very often desirable to spect, but it is also comfortable to wear, being light in weight, affords good vision, is easily adjusted and quickly removed. speed up the time of pickling by heating the pickling bath. Heating the bath is usually accomplished by installing triple A weight 6 per cent antinionia! Protect the health of your workers by having lead pipe rc.ii in the tank, and the he;r. them use the CESCO HEALTHGUARD SAND BLAST MASK. It will save their health and save your money. Write for further details and new bulletin. required is furnished by live steam. However, it is well to remember that lead coils are not built to withstand more than 50 pounds per square inch and i is not good practice to carry steam a: higher pressures. When sand blasting, a hood ts H-orn over trunk* Air for breathing and ventilation comes from <;timpressed air < ti f* plv. CHICAGO EYE SHIELD 2300 Warren Blvd. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS CO. To insure a constant pressure, the to lowing precautions are absolutely neces sary: 1. install nn the -team line feeding tile c . in the Link, .1 it.i't.iiru' --live tar .1 ore-.:-, "t CS pi wild? per squaic- inch, then ,1 sumi.irc prcssure gage. then nearest to the u;ik :,inr:. line teed, a safety valve .if the standard ASM; approved type, set to release all pressure at - pounds per `quare inch. This ,r--tv vulvr should have a discharge capacity surticicnc to the size ,.f the supply pipe and the prey-m at which it is operated. Great rare should 8; taken to set- that this Is done, because : tt". discharge of the safety - dvr- .matter "i->- No More Accidents in This Shop! the capacity of the supply pipe, the .iirvrtlvr will art merely as an alarm, ami m,c. --or in ;tnv other where \ViESATAN S \EKTY PRESS GUARDS are installed on the power pie--. -. (he operating principle ABSOLUTELY PROTECTS THE OPERATOR without interfering with hi.- natural working movements. >itnple. i-a-v to attueh. for all types of pre.--e>. Made tor right or left hand -troke. ftotalU2 Wipsman Mfg. *. cot save the foil from a rupture ot rvpiosmiif pressure increases rapidly. In all casus outlets ot safety valve-, -tumid hi piped at such j distance that they will not h_ hazardous to workmen on anv floor or platform - I "nder normal steam plant operation, it : (aa'iiumiud to pipe the return condensate rr-` the steam cuds to process operations hiac the return feed line to boilers, Howeu-i < questionable econntnv to attempt to utilize condensate from a steam cod used to neai sulphuric pickling hath. Due n> the fact : a small pm hole leak m the lead cod will suck I .South St, Clair St. DAYTON. OHIO, U.S.A. through enough acid, at night when the -ic.i::. line is shut "it to destroy iron piping, boiitfeed pumps and even the boilers themselves, b is therefore, strongly recommended that all con- NATIOjYAT. safety yew? 53 k-asatt; trom steam uhU m sulplumc add picklinc baths should be drained to waste, and mu attempt wharever made tu onsetve the confciisate. In the event that it is desired to handle special acids where there are indi cations that lead is not suitable, no guess work should be employed. A thorough Mudy should be made to determine the resistant metal adaptable to the par ticular arid to be handled. As an aid to the selection of corrosion resistant metals, reference should be made to a set of tables entitled "Materials of Construc tion for Chemical Engineering Equip ment" (opyrighted and published by ('hcntkui and Metallurgical Engineering, N'evv York City. It may be well to mention that Monel metal is ideally adapted to resist the cor rosive action of all concentration of sul phuric arid, and has greater tensile strength than lead, h is, however, much higher in initial cost and it does not lend itself readily to patching and minor re pairs Protection plus genuine Comfort ...that's why men are glad to wear Designating Pipe Dine Contents In large power houses and on all ships of the i'nited States X.ivy it is custo mary to designate by colors the contents of the various pipe lines. Where plants are not so designated, few persons know the contents until an accident occurs. With a standard symbol ur color schedule it is easily possible to trace each pipe line and know the liquid or gas it ts conveying. f ine simple methud i- io paint a band of color Id inches lung at intervals along the line. For compressed air, the desig nating color is yellow. A black band 4 inches wide painted in the center of a ln-inrh \ellovv band would signify low pressure compressed air, while a white hand on ,1 yellow background would signify high pressure. The s utie principle '.an be applied to waier pipes, a red background with a black center band indicating low pressure water, and a white center band on a red background high pressure water. An aluminum band with a black center band would indicate low pressure steam, and an aluminum band with a white center hand high pressure steam. A diagrammatic sketch showing the pipe lines tnroughour the plant, with [heir designating Stands of color showing the cotilenis. and the center bands show ing whether they are high or low pres ure can easily lie prepared and put, into operation by the maintenance crew. This will insure freedom from delays in opera tion and also enable operators to dose valves without delay in case of a break in the lines affected. FEBRUARY. 034 Hy-Test Safety Shoes, with their entirely new design of" safety construction, put real comfort for the hrst time in a safety shoe. Its new comfort last, exclusive with Hy-Test, is roomier and prevents chafed, sore foes. Safety Directors wel come this new feature in Hy-Test Shoes because men like them and are glad to wear them as shown by the wide accept ance in every industry. In addition to comfort, Hy-Test offers more protection than ever before with its extra-gauge steel box toe. New flange construction of the box insures positive anchorage, prevents pinching the foot or tipping back. Special coating over the metal box insulates it against heat, cold and moisture. Hy-Test shoes are attrac tively priced due to the vast production of the world's largest shoe manufacturer. f> 'JAfgjfKTM*' jj AT'ATAf.ru1- hy-test safety shoes Designed and Manufactured Exclusively by INTERNATIONAL SHOE COMPANY, ST. LOUIS, MO. The World's Largest Shoe Manufacturer ---------- TH ,s COUPON BRINGS THE COMPLETE STO f?Y ---------------------- -------------------- -- -- Internationa! Shoe Company, Dept* HT- 13, St, Louis, Mo, We are interested in knowing more about your new design HV-TEST Safety Shoes without obl/gatfon on our part. Safety Director s Name......................... , ........... ......................................................... ..................................... ......... .. Perchasing Agent's Name................... .................. .. ..................... ...................... ............................... Piwn Name ................................. ........................Address . .............. ..................... ................... SAFE - QUICK - POSITIVE THE CAR DOOR OPENER' A ONE-MAN TOOL- ends THE STRUGGLE OF OPENING AND CLOSING BOX CAR DOORS STOPS-- FALLS, PINCHED FINGERS, STRAINS. OPERATES FROM PLATFORM OR GROUND ALL STEEL-- WEIGHT 11 LBS. Write for Bulletin THE MINING SAFETY DEVICE COMPANY BOWERSTON, OHIO MAKERS OF SAFETY DEVICES FOR 25 YEARS 54 Transportation Men Obituary Here's Your Shoe Designed for discriminating men to whom appearance and comfort, as well as safety, are essential. For while safety is a first consideration of practically all carrier corporations, your neat appearance also reflects the high quality of your service to the public and to the company. Rrainard Platt, assistant to the vicepresident nf the Louisville CourierJournal and Times, died suddenly on December 25. Mr. Platt was 61 years old, and apoplexy was the cause of death. For many years he had been one of the leaders in safety activities in Louisville, serving two terms as president of the Louisville Safety Council and also as a director of the National Safety Council. Mrs. Will J, French, wife of the former chairman of the < 'alifornia In dustrial Accident Commission, died December 7, 1033. Mrs. French was a devoted worker in the cause of safety not only as Mr. French's coadjutor dur ing the many years of his leadership of safety in California but also through the Berkeley Traffic Commission, Inc., which she served as secretary. No. 873--Gun metal Blucher Goodyear welt Steel toe box Leather vamp lining Wear-proof quarter lining Double oak A grade sole Leather storm welt Rubber heel Sizes: 5 to 12, E width Write for details and sample William Dun Armstrong, superin tendent of the Canada Cement Company plant at Exshaw, Alberta, died at Cal gary, September 8. Under his direction the plant had a no-accident year in 1923, and won the Portland Cement Associa tion Trophy for a no-accident year in 1928 and 1929. In 1924 he organized ;uid superintended the removal of over 6S.000 cubic yards of overburden from the mountain-side quarry at Exshaw. This successful piece hydraulic engineer ing work was accomplished at a cost of 13 renrs a cubic yard, removing a serious hazard and making the entire dope available for quarry operation. LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE CO., INC. 31-33 So. 7th Street Allentown, Penna. The Biggest industrial Safety Job Ever Attempted (Cmtiniwd tram paey .w SAFETY plus SERVICE WHEN YOUR LADDERS ARE EQUIPPED WITH A AT" OF THE NEWTON LINE of SAFETY SHOES THAT ARE SAFE For Dry. Wet. Greasy. Polished or ley Surfaces WE SPECIALIZE-- ..a the Best -- -- It Pays From lour Jobber nr Direct Newton Engineering Drafting Service Waukesha -- Wisconsin -- U. S. A. Delaware--j. H. Barnhalt District nf < olumbia- Lieut. K. E. 'Fork. Florida- k. B. Grove Georgia--J. E. Stott Illinois- A, E. Holstedt Indiana--W. Fierce McCoy Towa--C. W. McFarland Kansas- Carl <Campbell Kentucky--Robert L. Schmitt Louisiana- W, H. Senvard Maine--W. J. Brennan Maryland--Holger Jensen Massachusetts--Lewis E. MacRrayne NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 55 Michigan--Arthur F, Dunnehacke Minnesota--A, V. Rohvwler Missouri---Herbert J. Brammder Mississippi- George Parker Montana!--Joseph E. Watson Nebraska-- <". T. Bailey New Hampshire - John S. B. Davie New Jersey--Joseph Dorsey Xew Mexico--j, K. Richardson New York--W. Graham Cole North Carolina--E. G. .Padgett North Dakota- Roy G. Arnston Ohio--D. T. McJMurchy Oklahoma--E. D. Murphey Oregon- E. R. Brown Pennsylvania--John Campbell Rhode Island--Phillip E. Quinn Smith Carolina--J. Sumter Moore South Dakota--Guy j. Johnson Tennessee-- Paul F. Strieker Texas -C, j. Rutland Utah--B. P. Spry Vermont---G. E. Beirwirth Virginia--Col. Wm, M. Myers Washington--Ralph Nichols West Virginia- V, A. Bundick Wisconsin-- K. C. Salisbury Wyoming--Robert E. Carron Correspondence BAKELITE NOT AN IRRITANT IN ORDINARY USE W-'orcesut, Mau- In my paper, ' The Medi cal Control tit Accidents,'' published m the National Safety News, July, IV A A, l used "bakelite os ati illustration ,d *>nc ut the nu tating dusts oa:uinng m industry which pro duced dermatitis, l followed this with a series of suggestions tor the protection of the workman from irritating dusts. Mv attention has been tailed to tile fact that the article might suggest that bakelite m all its uses constituted a health hazard. Bakelite, m my esperiemt, ^ irritating us a dust in the mixing department of a grinding wheel factory. if is present there in the form of a tine powder. Some individuals appear to he particularly susceptible to the irritating effects on the d:in. while others arc immune. The irrimtinc chemical is piobablv hexamethyl-ena- irmic- Bakelite, however, r> apparently irritating only m its imelv powdered fresh state, and no protection is necessary m handling it in any other form. I irgtvt that in an effort to describe the profeiEinn of the worker against the irritating effects of a powdered chemical, } used au tlhistiafiou u sulistance which in most of its forms A not a skin m irmcnus membrane irri- wnL \\r UviNt, < LARK, M D.. v Cawpjtn SAFETY GUARDS A LARGE percentage of machine accidents can be eliminated by adequate guarding, and it is possi ble to accomplish this guarding without loss in the pro duction capacity of machines. In fact, production may he stepped up by increasing the confidence of ma chine operators through the elimination of hazard. The H&K guard accessories are suitable for all ma chine and belt guarding. (('rite for booklet The Harrington&KingPerforatingCo. 5645 Fillmore Street 114 Liberty St.. New York Chicago, 111. DUPOR Kelt. IT. s. Pat. Off. RUBBER RESPIRATOR Comfortable, Double Canaelty, Better \ ialon, Revrraible and Polriablr. Highly efflelent In nil IIuata. Paint Spray anti the lighter Paine* ami Price per doz., $18.00 $1.50 w! Ia*ordnerdecaenipnt osaf m*1p.5le0, ointe hwai*llobnelyfutrobe tried to be tipprecinied. E*trn felt puds, 4c each, H. S. COVER CHIPPEWA-A SOUTH BEND, XND. FEBRUARY. 1934 5ft The Lucky Lady InmiYoutlmummeRatn Prevent Fire and Explosion How about TOUT --Vour plant? -- Your employees? Are you talcing the fullest safety precautions against tires, explosions, acci dents and other danger risks? Are you using modem,convenient, ei&aent and approved safety appliances to store your waste, gaso line, benzine, kerosene, turpentine, naphtha, alcohol and other hazardous explosives and volatile liquids? Play safe-follow the example oi thousands of cautious plant executives -inwall the latest, improved JUSTRITE Safety Appliances lODAY. Insurance Companies Gladly Lower Rate Premiums to plants who Install approved, up-to-date safety appliances. JUSTRLTE Satecy Appliances are inspected and labeled bv the Underwriters, Inc., and the Associated Factories Mutual Fire Insurance Companies. Protect your plant--'vour employees-- install the latest improved JUSTRITE Safety Devices TODAY. See your dealers or write us tor interesting prices and literature. PERHAPS no more touching and beautiful chronicle of the exper iences of a person both blind and deaf who. through a miracle of modern science could suddenly see, and who, through another wave of the magic wand could hear, has been written than "The Lucky Lady" an article by Margaret Prescott Montague which appeared in the Sep tember. 10.53, issue of the Atlantic Monthly. I'he article has now been re printed by the Houghton Mifflin Com pany in a 06-page book, on sale for SI, Are you glad you can see? Do you delight in hearing? Perhaps you are no: conscious of these joys; but this article ran make you aware as you never have been of the great blessing of these gifts. In the new edition Miss Montague has inserted a grateful note of praise for the efforts being made in the United States for the prevention of accidents which results in so much destruction of both sight and hearing. She calls herself "The Lucky Lady because she lives in the present, and no: in any period of the past--the present the only age that could restore sight an,. Justrite Mfg. Co. CHlCAGO,P<ILtINOlS hearing to her. "in this day of depres sion", she writes, "which I am ready : concede has its difficult side, it may make SAFETY SHOES FOR LADDERS a little inward blaze .it which other; rn mmnjrsjnnmmimajmmmanmmn:::::: | warm the fingers of thought to read, i Look For The frankly set forth, how, through the bene ficence of the present time, one hunt.: DIAMOND being at least e-waped a life o-ntenr Why, if the present age let her <u>' may do the stme for mob he might > Haim." It is a. heartening book, t meer", book, and one that everybody and cspc ally safety men, ought to read. Office Buildings as well as thousands of manufacturing plants have equipped with Johnson Ladder Shoes. Order \mtrt today--vou7/ be our booster tomorrow! I-'e. pair tnr <J I EA 'rtratqht ladders ^ * Sit ol -t for "Hep Uducri 50c SAVE l \JURY A SO ACC WESTS! JOHNSON LADDER SHOE CO. Eau Claire, Wis. Dayton Power Lmployee \\ in Life Saving Medal E)R -uving the life of Edith Mncand. John Harris, an employee the Dayton Power and Light < omp.r: at. i'Mt.ntti'd .hut. 1'.'tin j was awarded The President's Medal the National Safety i 'nnncil. On fur: T\IAMOND Disc Respirators are uni- ! s J versally popular because thev ate j PM 5. Harris rescued Miss .-trickls. handy, efficient, and comfortable. Men will ' from drowning in the Miami river. :c wear them because of these features. A I applied the prone pressure method large filtering area is provided in the [ Diamond Disc pocket arrangement where resuscitation. Fur -.sifting in restiSv sponge is inserted for filtration purposes. , tation. > erritirates were (warden m ?. Valve action produced by pressure at ex- j other employees of the lompany: < halation makes respiration easy. Leading 1 industrial plants use the Diamond Disc. . Brumbaugh. William Smith. Ed Ehr- HiUUl'm/tUttf ><! Howard t'urtner and Harold Merry I file presentation-, were made on b The Hvgeta Respirator Co. '.ember .'0 before the annual industry, <08 hast 04th St. New "York City Sold hij All Sa/etu Xnpfiiu Houses mmmtssmttm safety school of the Dayton t naniber I 'nmmerce by Urban L, Moler. i.hairrr." of the Safety Division. NATIONAL SAFETY NEW 57 Honor Roll Details of' no-accident records in ewe-- of 400.000 man-hours, or 200 working days, are invited for this department SO SIMPLE Tn Reduce | American Can Co, vend notable iiu-Jauciciit rertmK have been .tportt-il hv plants or the American (.an Com pany j, ot November hi, 19w Following ue rile peruKis worked without injuries; Ciakland Plant, Oakland. Calif. No accident since October 3, PCu: : o.oj. i 1 man-hours. Philadelphia plant. \o accident between May Id. !`M, and March H 19*3; !,{!2i,6Vi 1 Mfl-llUII TN. < iwmuun Machine bliup. No accidents beSeptember 1V DHL .uni February <K i.vKhu'G man-hour.s. Illinois Plant. Chicago, NT accident since November 6, !.M*2; "'22,M 5 mun-bnurs. Eastman Kodak Co, An accident on December SO, KMT termin ated a no-acudent record in the Hmulsion ( oatuia Department ot Pa.stman Kodak Company, Rochester. N. V. The last previous accident i. s tifled April o. 1032, and in the meantime employees worked 1,210,050 hours with"if a disabling injury. Goodyear Tire Be Rubber Co. On December !. 193 A the plant uf the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company at New i 'lKinto, Ontario, had operated 2.262.319 manM.iurs without a disabling injury. No accident has been reported to date. Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Co, Gftenuich Point piant of the Pennsylvania Mit Manufacturing Company at Philadelphia bad opr rated 22 months at the close of |sM4 > uhuiit a disabling miurv. Dunne this petiod 'k; 915 r/nployees worked (vai.lVJ man-hours. St, Louis Gas & Coke Corp. s Louts Gas Si Coke ( oip. had, on Decem- hei {. 1933, operated -422T^" man-hours with out -i disabling injury. The record was still Deo -ft tile tune of repotting, December ti. Southwestern Bell Telephone Co. The last disabling miurv >fi the Kamis Cm* Mamtamancc organisation of the Southwestern Hell Telephone Company occurred September f *?"* Ahout 260 men are ernploved. The* .'asf disabling imurv occurred m the t entral Kansas Otv district. The* hasrern District in K tn.xas Cov has not had a disabling injury since May *>, 192", The Southern district holds the C"td m the SX'esfeiii Missouri and Kansas .ftea. with no lost-time a<cidem since October ; i`L'6, Die three districts, under the diieco>n of F F. Holmgren, division maimainence >ipei mtendent, have t<"> their credit approvin.ifclv hoo,ooo safe man-hours. Slipping Accidents \ WHY DELAY? V'A A MAN wearing non-slip GRO-CORD Soles and Heels is going to slip less Gro-C'ords Are Widely l hed in Dairies, Iron and Steel Foundries, Railroad Shops, often than when he wears ordinary soles-- Auto Factories, Gas and no matter what surface he's walking on. Electric Plants, Ice and Fuel That's common sense. Tests prove it. S tatio n s Stone Quarries, Mines, Sturdy cord tire cords embedded upright in live rubber grip floor at every step workman takes. Wear keeps cord ends bare--non slip to last day of wear. Workmen like GroCords because they're more comfortable-- because they cost less per mile of irear. Adopt Gro-CORDS now for safety of your workmen. A complete line of safety rubber footwear, Gro-Cord equipped, is now available. GroCords and Raw Cords can be attached easily to any shoe. The Lima Cord Sole 8i Heel Co. Dept. -!F Lima, Ohio h'liUtf hii i>iih`rit s, {mi ini hum went will he tivasi-euh'ri. Won^Stip SOLES aft cl HEELS PAT. SHIELD Continues the PROTECTION begun by the Guard itself Index to VoL XXIII Wanted A REQUEST has been received by the Nu- * 1 tional Safety Toumii from rhe Library *A 1 OH4MCS& for a tupy ot the Index to Tofmne V ! 11 of thr \ vrtONAi ''Ua'jY \ I \v. fanu- i v m June, No copies of this volume lie iiov. available at fVmnd! headquarters, and : ,<nv member has si copy nn longei- needed ,vill he thankfully received. Address Chief, Periodical Division, Library or t .ongiess, Wash ington, 1). C. V,.<iir opera tot cannot reach behind this shielo ituuv,,,"" protected by Lb S. patents) until the dance1 comt oassed. No other punch ores; auard has this catentea rhndn, D, X Id A ,* '"-v > *G all cunrL : tesse;- <., :'/ : .\,irNp cad. re t'ane entire./ ,jroo Icnnos mo .ted (escect the ouaro head', a>"i n,e low in price -- JlS.SO to iPo.OO. Ortier ,7 IK .9 U. .linn- iiiatir itiiuni for ,'M <i>ius FHKH trial. State mie (Uni tnohe uwi whether left In riqht r.r I'Ufht to ieft \ w i ji q iv iiHinteri, TAYLOR-SHANTZ CO. 486 ST. PAUL STREET ROCHESTER. N. Y. FEBRUARY. 1934 With the Manufacturer Manufacturers are invited to semi in announcements of new products, or improved special features, * Inly items which cun be considered as "news" to our readers will be published AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM i lie two best known principles of auto nut if lire alarm have just been combined in an electrically operated unit of the ap pliance type by The tiamewell Company, Newton, Mass. This new tire aiarm appliance known as the \ itaiarm Signal, contains a "rate of rise" thermostat that detects a lire with amazing speed--automatically sounding a loud alarm within two or three minutes following a rise ot la to dir F, a minute from the prevailing room temperature. Should the temperature rise more slowly than that from a very unusual type of fire, another device known as h "fixed" thermo stat will sound an alarm at 150'* Id Roth tire detector units ami an alarm howler are <umbined in the one attractiveappliance which operates on 110-120 volts, 60 cycles A.C, at a cost ot not more than three cents a month, the manufacturer states. It ,-an be installed individually or several can he booked up as a system and connected to uinunriatnrs and powerful extension alarm bells ,,r ; irons placed at strategic p.mits inside ot outside build ings. The v'italarm Signal furnishes ideal pro tection in -tornctr rooms, garages, el houses, boiler rooms, underneath stair ways and in warehouses, factories, offices, institutions, etc, even under severe loads, but n also has a smooth, tough surface which resists dam age from accidental cuts and is unattected by contact with creosote, paint, acid, oil, etc. Being rubberized it has low conduc tivity, and being woven it possesses uni formity of thickness and strength. "Klein-Kurd" has no appreciable -rretch in use and the smooth surface makes it im possible for dirt to penetrate and damage the fibre. Mathias Klein & Suns have issued a de scriptive booklet cm tins new strap which will be swat without charge or obligation, NEW gas mask, with speaking DIAPHRAGM AND WHITE FACEPIECE in the past, gas masked crews, working in smoke and fume filled locations, have been handicapped by the lack of quick and ready communication, the ordinary mask preventing the proper transmission ot the voice, (`his not only prevented the proper coordination between the men but has pre vented warnings of impending danger to firemen in smoke tilled rooms. commands direct or through held tele phones or speaking tubes aboard ships. In smoke tilled rooms, tire officers are also able to quickly direct firemen without signalling, misunderstanding or delay in execution of commands--the voice being directional allowing easy location of men. The facepiece of the new mask is availihle in either black or white rubber making it possible for an officer to issumr his proper identity with his men. In the petroleum industry the wuite ruiiber facepiece is particularly advantageous to men engaged in mixing ethyl gasoline or any spotting by the ethyl iiuid can lie readily distinguished. The mask is equipped with a detiecror tube of aluminum for best efficiency and a regulation time-tested flutter valve. The .peaking diaphragm is made of micarta which is impervious to acid or heat. Facepieces are available m white rubber for the regular line of MSA masks. APRA VIN (; EOITP-M ENT A new IbeYilbiss Flock Spray 'run ami a new Flock Spray Booth have nei-ti de veloped by The IffiVtllnss F'ompativ, T.,ledo, Ohio, manufacturers -pru-paint ing equipment. The Type GB 1 dm has m wemei;,wrde range of application. Body - q caw aluminum with a pistol grip handle end thumb button air valve control. Flock passes through the air cap without clog ging. 'Three adjusting valves, one >. con trol main line air pressure, one to control type ot spray, and one to control ,ur enter ing the agitator, are easily operated by -he left hand without tilting the gun in any "v \F\V -i| | i'V STRAP Mathias Klein tv Sons, Chicago have developed a new fabric safety strap called "k lein-Kord," which is meeting with con siderable success in rite public utility and electrical fields. "kleiu-Kord" insists of four woven pivs inlcaniwd into a solid strap. Not only has it greater tensile strength than leather, which permits the use of the conventional tongue buckle without slitting the strap It is believed that greater mfe-ty and easier communication tor these gas masked crews has been made possible by the de velopment of the new MSA Speaking Diaphragm Facepiece lw the Aline S ifetv Appliances Company of Pittsburgh, Pa, This mask deiimteiv ruminates tin- mut uum cflct t of the regular facepiece when talking. ,> -peilaj diaphragm hemi' lutiit into the mask directly in front of the mouth, o cording to the manufacturers., speech is transmitted naturally anti with out uistoitiou and uitcit m-itssary, permits clear speech over a telephone or speaking tubes as in the i asc of .Army and Kavv officers whose duties require them to give I'he i ype XF bpray Booth ,f ,,al- \.mixed spivt <tcc*l with -tnuoth, merior and funnel shaped back leading to tinblower unit. Booths are available ;u two NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 59 or three feet width, with overall depth of j thirty-six inches and overall height of five feet. The door is thirty-three inches high ami the depth is eighteen inches. An im portant feature of the spray booth is the provision for reclaiming excess material. Trade Publications The reclaiming bag is ample in size and of a special dust-proof fabric. It is detach able from the blower for easy cleaning and for your removing of material. FAR DOOR OPF.XER SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIBRARY A new, one-man tool for opening and closing box car doors has been placed on the market by The Mining Safety Device f'ompany, Bowerston, Ohio, Safety Information on File Every Safety Executive should have for ready reference up-to-date informa tion on all types of equipment relating to safety and industrial health. We will gladly help you build your Safety Equipment Library. The publications listed below will be sent free and without obligation to readers of NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. Indicate the items you wish: fill out coupon and mail to us. I. For Safety Speed and Satisfac tion. Circular describes the Swaco Safety Hopper (Jar Wrench for opening drop-bottom cars. Safety Wrench Sc Appli ance Company. 7. Sure Footed Flooring. Folder shows method of applying :i non-slip colored surfacing for floors and stairs of wood, concrete, stone, marble, steel, slate, glass or tile. The Tremco Manufacturing Company. The car door opener consists of a 3/16mrh copper finished chain with hook and hand ring, cast steel sheave and case. The case is equipped with hook portion for at taching tool to handle of car door. To op erate. attach hook at end of chain to end of cat and draw chain tight by hand ring and pull near center of stretched chain out from car. taking up slack after each pull. With the chain at lull length approximate ly a otie-toii pull is exerted on the car door. The case is equipped with locking cam which holds the chain tight after slack has been taken up. 2. Accident Prevention Signs, r,, lustrated catalog in four colors de scribes hundreds of signs for use in prevent ing accidents. Signs lor almost every type of industrial hazard arc shown. Stonehousc Signs, Inc. 3. Health Guard Mask. Folder de scribes the new Ce&co No. 601 sand blast mask for use wherever harmful dusts are encountered. Details of laboratory tests on this mask arc also given. Chicago Eye Shield Company. 8. Standard First Aid Kits. Four- page circular describes general purpose first aid kit, airplane kit, and industrial first aid cabinets and kits to meet essential state requirements for industry. Bauer Sc Black. 9. A New Tool for Industry. Book- let illustrates many uses of the Spencer Central vacuum cleaning system for the fac tory. Also to remove rust, clean boiler flues, and remove excess material during process of manufacture. The Spencer Turbine Com pany. RTSTPROOl-KR IX COLORS A new nist-arre->ting and rust-prevent ing principle has been employed in a rustproofing material recently put on the mar ket by ,-tonhard Company, 401 North Broad Street. Philadelphia, This material comes in liquid form and can be either brushed or sprayed over new or rusted metal surfaces. When applied to a rusted surface, the action of the liquid auto matically welds this inert mass to the base metal and the rust action is stopped. Further, a uon-purous, moisture-proof, air tight coating is formed that protects the surface against the attack of further rust deposit, The original treatment can be made into a finish coat by a single application. Aluminum powder, powdered graphite, or dry red lead mav be mixed with this new rusr-proofer and applied to rusted metal surfaces for dual effect. Rust action is permanently checked and admixtures give treated surfaces decorative finish. Applied to new metal surfaces, it will prevent rust. Being transparent, all mark ings and identification 4gns remain visible. 4. Portable Emergency Lights. Folder describes the ^Half-MiLe-Ray" Bashlight of both portable storage battery land dry cell types. Portable Light Com pany, Inc. 10. New Finnell 100 Series. Folder announce* the new line of electric floor tcrubbing, waxing and polishing machines. A machine for every cleaning purpose. Fin nell System, Inc. 5. Machine Belt Guards. Handbook describes the more common type of ma chine guards and how to make them in your own shop. Harrington 8C King Perforating Company. I I. Here Is Your Extra Man. Folder describes the details of construction of the Newton Safety Shoe for ladders. Newton Engineering Drafting Service. 6. Industrial Eye Protection. Gog- gles for every industrial need. Well illus trated pamphlet with description and price, making it easy to select the specific goggle for every need. American Optical Company. 12. Car Door Opener. Folder gives pictorial directions how this device is used for closing box car doors. The Mining Safety Device Company. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, III. I Hsru.uy, \\K\\ Please have sent to me Hie publications 1 tiavf thpifcedi Name............ ................................... ................................................... Statements published on this page ere [ ]based on the claims of the manufac turer, While the National Safety News eannot guarantee these statements, they re believed to be accurate. Title........ Company Address.. FEBRUARY. 1934 till FR E E To officials interested in the safety of employees will lit- pleased V V to -fml you. tor your personal use. it 2 f.r. -i/f sample Saf-T1'op antiseptic applica tor in voiir choice of 5 -olutions- U.S.P, tinc ture of imline: half ireiigth imlinc: 2'.' nierehurohroinc: metiiphen or merthioiate. Saf-T-Top antiseptic applicators feed directly to the Hound without waste. One i- sufficient for hundreds of applications. Shock - proof wooden cases make Saf-T-Tops practically unhrcakahle. and they mav be car ried in the pocket, tool hag or first-aid kit with perfect safety. IVrite for your sample today, and see for yourself how handy and economical Saf-T- Top antiseptic applicators are. iPMftrainsisae X5X Anderson Ave. Rochester, N. Y. Re-employed Workers i < 'ontmued tram page ,-j) two men was acting in an assigned role. I'nker is a great game! There are countless men who will co operate with a vivid and impressive Murphy but not cooperate with a more intelligent but calm Smith. Without the cooperation of the workmen, in safety as in other efforts, there will not be success. They would cooperate with a Murphy not because they are afraid of him or in awe of him, but they will re member what hr says and will do what he says because he is personally colorful and dramatic. He is emotional, exces sively emotional. "The permanence in memory of an idea is proportional to the emotional intensity of that idea at the time it was impressed upon the nund." 1 recommend that the safety engineet seek to have someone, some .Murphy, put on his staff who can add the neces sary arid even the surplus amount of emotion to ideas of safety. Then after the safety engineer has instructed the re - employed workmen until they get management's idea of safety, let sume Murphy talk to the men as individuals or in small groups and vividly impress safety upon their minds. What a job for a former sergeant m the Marine ('orps! TALCOTT'S SAFETY BELT FASTENERS They are SAFE EASV TO APPLy LOW IN COST No wires, pins, or prongs to endanger the user. A FASTENER FOR EVERy BELT Send for Free Samples W. O. & M. W. TALCOTT, Inc, 92 Sabin Street Providence R. I. `WATCH HIS STEP" Slippery, accident* breeding walking sur faces are unnecessary. More *han that, they are costly. Plastic Fut-Sure will make any walkway or ip at-proof low cost. Suitable for new construction or re pairs. Easily applied and perma nently safe. Get the facts. GENERAL ABRASIVE CO. INC. f.tiitcqc Ave, Niagara Falls, N. Y. PLASTIC FUTSURE FOR SAFER WALKING SURFACES This Mule Was Tougher Than Most Autos j rF'TiF motorist invariably Joses in j -L ( ontact with a locomotive at a grade ` crossing, hut one instance is reported where a mule got the better of an m- (ottnter with a Northern Pacific train, | The mule, known locally by the name j of '`Missouri,'' aicorriing to Railway ' ,It>e, found it pasture to his liking along ` the Northern Pacific right-of-way near Walla Walla, Wash. White he was breaktasting in the middle of the track a train approached. The mule ignored the locomotive whistle and the engineer had no alternative but to run the animal down while, traveling at a speed of about j 25 miles an hour. After the abrupt contact between loco- ' motive pilot and the mule, things hap pened in quick succession. Tossed to one side, the mule struck a switch stand. The switch was thrown and. although the engine passed by safely, three cars were derailed and the track was torn up for ome distance. Witnesses report that the mule scrambled ro its feet and galloped away with a triumphant "hee haw." The Spencer Central Vacuum Cleaning System protects employees by removing in jurious dirt and dust at its source. It also saves in the cosr of cleaning, in reclamation of valuable materials and in keeping the finished product clean. Cleans any surface and is inexpensive, practical and dependable. I j Let Us Send You The Bulletin j THE SPENCER TURBINE CO. Hartford, Conn. S i CPENCFP CENTRAL CLEANING SYSTEM j NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS hi INDEX TO ADVERTISERS SHOULD THIS HAPPEN American Abrasive Metals Co.................... 61 American Optical Co................................ 3 Bay Company. The ..... ........................ ,51 Bernhard, Robert A........................................ 60 Ip h Chicago Eye Shield Co................................ 52 To Unprotected Feet -,i Inst time modern is almost sure to follow, if the injury is serious--a toe or two may be lost. Compensation can run into hundreds of dollars. s`unkey Foot Guards cost very little, yet they provide dependable protection against all kinds of foot accidents. Write hs hr tare taw have an atsidrnt Ellwood Safety Appliance Co. KUwood City Penna. Cover, H. S............................................. . ... 55 Ellwood Safety Appliance Co............ .. .61 Boiler Plate General Abrasive Co......................... .. .... .60 Harrington & King Perforating Co,... 55 Can Be Hygeia Respirator Co. .................................56 Hvnson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc. ...35 International Shoe Co. ................................ 53 j Johnson Ladder Shoe Co. ....................... 56 Justrite Manufacturing Co........................... 56 Klein & Sons, Mathias . .........................50 Lehigh Safety Shoe Co, ... ......................54 j Handled Safely BUi LKR piate van lie handled lately with Never Slip Safety Clamps. Old-fashioned chains hooks, which have a tendency to slip, cause accidents to turn. These nr Libbey-0wens-Ford Glass Co...................... 2 Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co............ .. .57 Mine Safety Appliances Co.........................33 Mining Safety Device Company .... S3 National Safety Council...........Inside Front Cover, 37, 38 Never Slip Safety ClampCo. .. .................. 61 .'lamps make carryinc: \\urk over the heads of workmen sate. X, tame lost in adjusting' the hold tormina- a balance. Made for horizontal and critical lift in,q-. Write for details Newton Engineering Drafting Service,.54 Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. Procter & Gamble Co.................................. S P, O. Box 448 Pulmosan Safety Equipment Grand Central Annex, New York City Corp. ... , . , Inside Back Cover PREVENT SLIPPING ACCIDENTS on Stairs and Other Walkways Pyroil Co........................................................... 61 Safety Equipment J Service Co, .................. . Back Cover Spencer Turbine Co........................ ... 60 W. O. & M. W. Talcott. Inc. ........... .60 Taylor-Shantz Co...................... ..................... 5 7 Wiesman Mfg. Co......................................... 52 Willson Products, Inc. . . .. t N. PYROIL l Sttn/i/tt (It Itl to Rotfulit 7 Oil ) \ \ ^Reduces * Feralun * Bronzalun * Alumniun * Nicalun Abrasive Metal Treads | For New and Worn Steps i ! Durability Proven in Severest j Service ^ Originators anti Developers j for 22 Years | Illustrated leaflets and Samples on Request American Abrasive Metals Co. Irvington. Mew Jersey Protection of Workers Exposed 1 FIRE to Chromium IX industrial work, exposuu* m chromium and its compounds through contact vuth flu* drv material, with sulutums. m with dust and vapor m the air, often aiu.xe* troublesome, though nut serums effects .r various types m workers. Because "t the mo easing use >r chromium and its luinpoumis. efforts have u- i bendy beoi renewed towards methods of pi >* tertion of exposed workers. j The Industrial Health Section ot the Metro- 1 pulitan Lite Insurance Company has completed I a study "f c-uises, effects and pteveohve l measuies svhirh li;is been published m tllus- I I'vtoit If l-' 1 il1 11<11<, -ItflpVI \ , pmtectlV* SllltaCr irtmli nil fnt-U<tt:u unit' >. If - tubneat i no in meraenctri Of nil failure <f lass. Greatly resis tant to wear < "is fru - . i. 113 or, i-it" > >t* 11 1 '' * 1 i; f-i t. re-, o 5 m n . On IT. I O' Hrri.mii>.-u.i*.'t bv UuUiM Tin1 rrcTPtUmts U'liraio, Ikcl riv o-.fi,rs t < 11 it k .'I'Mrtrt Or o-.-O -- .< 1. I),,!|!l<" ............. ,M.i litaili 1-juitsrr, dimply add Pvroil hv tfc mince to ivoulur Ittbrtcants ud. Mail e- "it" '*t for iaet*. \l iiititui-triri'tS [ VeiUr". Gh.U.tMl....I It V o *`f'* 1 1 ''"IIHUIP- W v K iihler. IVrv, ; t K.| t-"!ti'tle AVI* h* '.'Ms HAZARDS trated pamphlet form under the title. Protec- | turn uf Wuikt rs H.% post'd tn c hmimuiu and Us : b.ompoumls. This publication is a careful scientific .inalvsis nt the problem hut is phrased J m eYervday lanquae ahich will he uudetstood bv ruifi-technical kev men, Discussing preven- j five measures, the report states that "the harm- j fni effects from chromium compounds can he Pyroti Company. dU La Fotlcttc Av< La Crosv, Wis,, U, W a. eliminated or at least reduced to .1 minimum co that the nsk becomes ne^b^tble. The t**sponsthiUtv r. equallv divided hetween the Name. , Aililm*. management and the worker/ f FEBRUARY. 19,'H 02 The Buyers9 Service AU firms listed below are advertisers in this issue- See Advertisers9 Index Page 61 A Accident Prevention Service N'n'i*nai s-ttKj < rumen A m* mome t e es Mine sairfv A W'baure* C, Apron* t r, , Inf Equipment Mine Safety Appliances Co. >*iiirnnsJ4 Equipment < 'err- Safety I'Mimiww : -<-i-vu'c -*'o Arm Protectors Mavt Emt-rgeocv Equipment 'o. t inc. Mine Safety Appliance O. Huimojan safetr Equipment c*irp SaffM- PqinprneM service Ca A rrenters, Dust ft Badges and Buttons Mm* s&fMr Appliances Co. Beits--i yinemen's Mavis Emergeno Kquipment tv. Inc. .M atImis Klein Ar Sons Mine Safety Appliances Co. puimnaar Equipment ' `Tf Belt*--Safety Mavis Eniergu-' Kquipnma <' , Uic. Mftthm# Kloir, & Sous Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pulmoaan Safety Kquipniont Corp. Srttety Equipment Service CO, Beits--T 1 niiimers' Mtnr -jilerv AppUflr.rec K.. licit Fastener VV I* A M \\ ii.*' Belts....\Vmao *v *.`lf:anvra' Mine .c-n AppSun^'i-' '' Blackboards !t Inn ke t s-- F ire p co o f Mavis r.inertency Equipment *'<> irn Min* Suietv Appliance* i n. i m1mosati sa ie? y t>iuipment O'-rp. M|!CV ( 1; , pif.er,* Co IJiOITerH Blow Torckef* Manual Kie-ir A K-m* Box ( r Opener Mimm f ", e t . Brake*---ip, 1`owcr 11 ticket h-- H o i 5= t i n g Oav! Ktnerfren.-j Eq upmeur To _ |nc Bulletin Boards Pavla emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Mine Safety Appliance Co, Hulmosan Safety Equipment Cory, Safcfv Kquipment Service Cm C ( nr Bloekrrs SatVfv Equipment Service Co. I ar Blockers--Mine Mine Safety Appliance* Co, Car Movers Safety Equipment Service Gu K Elevator Safety Device* Han* Kmergwu'v Kquipment Cm, Inc. Emblem* Mine Safety Appliances Co. Eye Shades--Non- breakable h'hieaga Kye Sltif'M Co. fsyiv KmergRiu'y liqutpmrnt "m. Inc. Mine Safety AppUanew Co, Safety Equipment service co. Willson Product*. Inc. Expanded Metal Flooring Materials-- Safety American Abrasive Metal* Oo. inland Steel Co. General Abruitt Co, Flywheel Guard* Mavia Koiorgency equipment <'0., inc. Harrington & King Perforating Kq. Foot Guard* Mavis Bmergeocy Equipment ' 'o., Inc, Eliwood Safety Appliance Co Mine Safety Appliance Co. Safety Equipment Service co. Footwear--Rubber Mine Safety Appliances Co. Hats--Safety Mari* Emergency Equipment Go., Inc. Mine Safetv Appliance Mo Helmet* American Optical Go. hlcago Eve Hhletd Co. Ottvis Emergency S-.qulpmeu; Kt>. , fnc. Mine Safety Appliance o, rtj*lr'oorop.un Safety Equipment Safety Equipment Service K Wiibna i'roduct*. Inc. Rook*--Linemen's Belt Mavis Emergency Equipment To., Inc. Mine Sptv Appliance* Co. Safety Equipment Service '*, f ar Step Trend*--Safety American Abrasive Metals Co. Mavis Emergency equipment ''M . Lnc. carboy Inclinutors .Safety Kquipment Service Co. Carbon Monotide lietertars, Indicator* and Recorders Mine surety Appliance* Co t hain-- Factory chairs--Safety Boatswain Mina Safety Appliances t m Chip and Spnrk fiuarda 1 itvi* Kruergeiscv Kquipment `m, inc. Chicago Eve Shield Co. HafetT Kquipment Service Co, 4 lamp* and Sockets \V,t>r Sup Safety i lamp < CFeanlnfj Compound* t'`leaning? feywroms Spencer Turbine * o clothing tor industrial Worker*--Bee .Aprons, Gaps, Gloves, Hand feathers, Leadings, cversllst Shums. i 'lothiug--Weatherproof i 'ftvi* Kmeriiency Kquipment *>., Inc. Mine safety AppU&nras. <>, Safety Equipment service co, t 'olteoior*--I Mist * uspidors--Sanitary Paper n 1 Hh!nreetants and Deodorants Drinking Fountain* IIiihi Control STStemn ttxploaive >>utainer* Mavis Kmergency Kquipment * o., Inc. .instrita Mfg. Co. Minn Hofety Appliance* Co. safety Kquipment- Serrtr (.n F Fan*--Exhaust Films or .Slide* for Kent and Sale National SaOty council Ftuger Protector* chleaan Kv snh'ld f'o. Mavis Kmergeticy Kquipment co., Inc Mine safety Appliance Co. Safetv Kquipment Service t o. Fire A la rms Mine safety Appliance Co, Fire Detectors Fire Extinguishers Mine Safety Appliance On, Oiilmnsan Safety Kquipment ".irji. Fireproof Clothing lhlVa iPnerpeuev Kqtilpmetlt * v,. ill.-. Mine sar'etv Appliances Ou. Safety iA[Utpment Service n First Vid F<tiipmeBt rise Kay i n iihv** Kmentericr Kquipment < , inc, Itnliert *, isenifiard itvnson, Meetcctt & Uunninr Mine -'HiVfv -\pplisncee Co. I'ttlnv'ia.an Safety Kquipment i 'nrp. ;>aferv Kquipment service t'o. First Aid to Illness Floor Machines Flags--i tnnsrtrT* S.iret'- Kq-iipmcm Servu-e Co Flammable Capor Indicators Mavis KiiierRcncv Kquipment Inc. Mine safety Appliance '*, Fuse Fullers Mine Safety Appliances u Safety Equipment Seme Co. G Gas Detector* Maria Emergency Equipmeu: Co.. Inc. .Mine safety Appliance < *> Germicides Germicide--Cutting Oil Glass--.S-ifety 'hlcago Eye Shield <'r>, Kinrjvy-owena-Ford (Hass Co Mine Safety Appliance Co. tMImocan Safety Equipment Corp. Swictv Kquipment Servtc c. Willson Product*, inc. Uloves and Klttena ''hieago Eye Shield Co. 1'iavia Emergency Equipment t.`o,, lac. Mid safety Appliances r. i^ilmoun Safety Equipment Carp. Safety Equipment Service i> Hook*--Safety Hoisting V*?*r Slip Safety Clamp Ce. Hospital Kquipment tnvta Emergency Equipment K*)., inc. Mine Safery Appliance Co, Sifctv Kquipmeat Service fo I l uhaiarors Mavis Kmergeucy Equipment Cf>.. Inc. Vi me "afetv Appliances < I nsurance J Pointer Guard* Mavis Emergency Equipment < o . Inc. '4i>fy Equipment Herncjj <* I, {.adder*--Safety Mine s*r>?y Appi'an*-** c.j Goggle* American optical Ce. Chicago Aye Shield K-i Mavis Emergency Equipment Co,. Inc. Mine Safety Appliance* Ka Pulmoian Safety Equipment t'Vrp. Safety Equipment s.ervtce ' > Willj.in Froducta. Inc. I.adder Shoe* Mavt* Kmijrgencv f.ompnieat , me. hifinson Ladder siioe Co. Viine Safrttv Applianress i> :ai'cty Kquipment service e Lauip Hangers Gongs, Sirens. Horns and other signaling device* Mine Safetv Appliance c>. Guards-- Safety Mavis Emergency Equipment i"o,, Inc. Harrington St King Perforatuu .-afi?ty Equipment service < > H Rand Cream Mavta Emergency Kquipmeiif `n., Inc. Mine safety Appliance* < a Hand Leathers Mine f-.afnty Appuanms '<>. hilxnnaan Safety Equipment Kr.rp. `4f*ty Equipment Service iM, Lamp Look* 'jini* cjiici\ Appliance ' : l-11-/incent!it lraltirig Kquipment sesvim i Iiamps--i4.tt'ety Mavu Emergency Kq'npmit Km,, lnc. Lantern*--Carbide Lantern*-- Electric Mine Safety AppUaor* * lieisitrinor* Mavt* Emccgency Equipment f n inn. Mine Safety Appliance* k<> Kulmosan Safety FrfiulpntctttK.irp. satetv Equipment Service Go, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS a-iKhtiDK -Emergency ,National I'artndo ftdles Co. Linemen** Protector* o*vis l;rnr>?Mif\ Equipment ^ . tm*. Sitin' Apuliancen Vo, Dulmoftan s.ii'fty Equipment Corp, Equipment Service <'o. Linemen'* Tool Ba^s Davn Kmergeuey Equipment i'n., (nr FWelv Equipment service ( " Locker* and Handera fMr c'tntiiins Lubriention J*ymU Vo Lubriention Systems n Masks Vhtrsgo Kv*` Shield Co. Dims Emorntmcy Equipment <V.1( Inc. Min* Saffitv Apptiancw ('>. Fhilmwan Safety Equipment f'nrp. Hafctv Equipment Service Co, Willson Product*. Inc. Masks--Navy Type Mine safety Appliance* Vo Wll1on Product*, ii.c. Mats--.Standing, Safety I 'avis kmerpencv Equipment ' 'o , 1 no O Oil i nns -lustrite Mffr. l o Mine Safety Appliances Co, PiTtffftnsr-Hl Company Safety Equipment Sendee t o. oxygen Hrcathini; IpparatuN iiftfis Emergency Equipment Vn , Inc, Mine Safety Appliances C* P Puds--Kviee Mine Safety Appimneos Safety Equipment service Co fMtint Remover Perforatcii Metal Harrington & King Perforating tun; Emeiaoncv Equipment 4 o.. Inc. Hygeta Uciptratar Co. Mine Sstetv Appliances C> I'ulmosau Safety Equipment ` orp, equipment Service Co. Willson ITuducu, Inc. Kesuseltatlon Eilulpment Davis Kninrgeucy Equipment Co,, Inc, Mine Hifety Appliances Co, Rock Dusters Stine safety Appliances Co Rope-- Wire Pneumonia Tents Mine Safety Appliances i'o. Poster Service Power Pres* Guard* c htcago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency iwiuipmoui Vo,f Inc. '['ayior-Shautii 0>. 'Vtcmman Mfg. Co, S !*an- Safety iiaviis Hmergency Equipment Co, ine. Mine Safety Appliance# Co, .saw Guards Safetv Equipment Service Co, Scaffolding Prize Awards Mine Safety Appliance# Vo. Scrubbing Maclaines-- Electric Pyrotannie Defector Mine Safety Appliance# Co, R Rail Clamps Respirators American Optical Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. H, H. Cover shaper Guard* Shoe Soles--Non-Slip Davis Emergency Equipment t o,, Inc. Lima Cord Sole & Heel < a. Shoes--Factory and Foundry Davis Emergency Equipment Co., inc. International Shoe Co, t^uigh Safety Sh..* t o Mine Safety Appliance# Vo. Safety Equipment Service Co, Shoes---Wooden Bole Slffiia Mine Safety Appliance# Co. Safety Equipment Shvhmj Co Sirens and Signaia Slides--Lantern--Also see Films or glides Stiui^s--Safety Wire Rope Soap tne ITticter i: uauilUe < o Sterilizing; Equipment Straps--Safety Mathias Kictn & r-sen Surgical Dressings The Hay Co Davis Emergency Equipment OInc. Mins Hafetv Applum-^ , o T Tool*--L l nem e uf s Davis Erm'i-gency Equipment Co,, Inc. Mathias Klein dfe Sons Tools--Non-sparking Huimosan Safety Equipment Corp. S Towel fnbfnet#--Paper Traffic Starker* Safety Equipment Service Co. Treads--Safety American Abrasive Metals Co. Davvis*,, Einmce.rgency Equipment Trestles--,Safety Extension Trophies % eliding Machines--- Sanitary Ventilating Equipment W Washroom Equipment-- industrial Washers--Safety, for Grinding Wheels Waste Cans l>vbt Emnrgeticy Kquipment Co,, lac. .iqgtrite Mfg. to. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. PuUmisan Safety Equipment `,'orp. :;-ifety Equipment Kerrms to Water Coolers Welding Equipment Window Cleaner Wrenches--Flopper Oar Safety Equipment Servtrn Co. Industrial Safety Market A S a service to our readers, we endeavor to maintain a complete ' * list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalogs on mate rial to meet your requirements. National Safety News, 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago Please have forwarded to tne from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) Company Address , , Your Name FEBRUARY, 1934 64 The Accident Barometer A Monthly Review of Significant Trends in the Accident Situation Prepared by the Statistical Bureau, National Safety Council Occupational dtaths declined slightly from November to December, according to reports of Industrial Commissions in 14 states. The trend was not the same for all states, five showing an increase and two no change, while the remaining seven reported sizeable decreases. Com pared with the same month last year, the drop amounts to 23 per cent. The annual totals are all below the 1932 totals, the reductions ranging from 4 per cent in Minnesota to 29 per cent in Maine, and averaging 13 per rent in the states for which information is complete. ! lor, t 933 C N* I ! I'lU ft 1)1 Illinois .............. Indiana ............ L2 Kentuckv ...... `i .Maim* ........... . Mr ryland 1 ; Mictiman ...... MimiKsnta ...... .Missouri ...... N\-w Jorsfv . V*-w Vork ...... < ihin ......... i`i'Tii)8j Iva.nia TVv.i' -............ Virwmiit .. \V is<>oh> i n ft *> 14 it 1 Dm*, !9U1 4.". M4 t fi ;u> 'A in L'U Mi 14 ir1 Is K, ,1 1 Total tor vtar l `iX tVX'J, j. i 0 t; y 7 447 I fki i 111! IS J t 1 !U1 7`.4 i;.i 72 197 Liul 1 i:h im 74 i in 1 ", V 1 r i 7 `j s: i .Mia 9 Ml i i**4 - ^a l \\* 11: *\>iV. t I'.-i:; ;j ;> J . t _* Ui 7 l ' \ TV *; '\ st 11 'Phis si. 1 w x Wilon ji aths wto'c reported to industrial 'nmmi^fi'ns, not whim acoidonts urciiiTHl, Stair- total* art* not dlrertly onninarahlo *iu<* to differ- -m-fs in laws Sit. am railroad accidents in September resulted in 512 deaths and 2,402 persons injured, an increase of 18 per cent in deaths, but a reduction of 2 per cent in injuries from the record of September. 1932. Nearly all of the increase in deaths is classified as "trespassers''. "Struck or run over, not at public cross ings." Greater employment on the rail roads also led to increases in deaths and injuries of employees. Rates per million man-hours, however, show deaths ad vancing only from 0.21 in September, lot?, ro 0,2*1, while injuries declined from 7.77 to T.Sn. The nine-months' total of deaths is 3.749. against 3.535 for the same period last year. Persons injured decreased nearly y per cent from Jl.KSo to i 0,923. Matar-vrhidr deaths in November probably totaled about 3.000. according to the latest estimate. This is approxi mately 9 per icnt above the total for November, ly.2. The He-months total is estimated at 27,050. or 1,5 per rent over the 1932 total for the same months. The December reports of the following 10 cities indicate a reduction from the same month last year, but addi tional reports for smaller cities largely offset this drop and make it. appear that there will be little change from Decem ber. 1932. T \v*ilVti i li'Pe m Months 1933 IU3L* \u`.w l MTV Huitimoro .-- 19 Rost on Rurr'alo _____ s * Mnvela tin iu*4rott .ri'ia Milwaukee- .. a .\linuoaf>oiis . ...... 1 ; X-w Vork ... .... ioi Pittsburgh Xr, L-huh ...... V.i f s Vil 1 :-:r i: 1 (Hi t 77 11 ? Ii4 !* N Mi 1 l! 117 Xta O.X ;t 7 " n ' L t L* 1 nr. UKi7 \ US1 U \ IT l4n ia1 ivr ( hatiHt _ .:,4 -H cj *; * - a. * L`,4 - 1 t-l -- in. 14 - -i ' ,t. .. 4a r..ta Is L`-v'.( -- i 1 Commercial vehicle accidents reported in the National Fleet Safety ('ontest for .November numbered 2.37 per 100.000 vehicle-miles, an increase of 3 per cent over the October rate of 3,31, The November rate is even higher than that for November. 1932 (2.29). although the numbers and types of vehicles in volved were about the same in both months. However, the traffic of private passenger cars was considerably greater in November. 1933. thus increasing the possibility of collision. The following table gives the November and the cumu lative rates for the contest. X"\, J Mjs th-. r>. i'mn ::, ^ - Mlyr. pintits 1. in 1 [ntor-rttv truckim- .1,7*1 i'uhlir ufilltios .....". ,j 'j 1 '**tro|auin 1 intro's ' M:k nri*s V-, a t N**,1v,-'pup.'rs ...4. tin t i^DimniiMit stoi`i*s Tri f 'itv triifkintt ___ ... .... .....4 ;>-j i'ifv tins and taxi Moots < T>ul and ira ................. . t i t*-v 1 ..ttmdro-s .1 ^ 11,s 1 laiM 1. a i n {' u' IT 7 il - r" 11 b b.M ; s** f.ilN . j;. n *1, 1 -! (h'tupQi'wnni auidnus were brth less frequent and less ,-evere in November than in October, according to the ex perience of 321,000 employees in 844 plants entered in inter-plant contests of r ommuniry safety councils. The Novem ber frequency rate is 10.59, which is In per cent down from the October rate of 1 2.65. The severity rate is 0.65, a drop of 41 per cent from the October rate of 1.10. This decline in both rates makes the November experience unusually favorable. Rates for a similar group of plants in .November. 1932 were: fre quency, 10.21: severity, 0.89. Student act idenis in November aver aged 11.8 per 100.000 student-days, a drop of 1 per cent from the October record of 14,.5. This is about the same per cent decrease as occurred in Novem ber of previous years. It appears that the student accident situation is getting somewhat better, utter the poor showing in September and October. Aceidfatal deaths at all types rose 4 per cent from October to November in the 48 cities and counties reporting this information to the National Safety Gouncil. The November total is 21 per > ent above that for the same month last year, which makes the eleven mom ns total about the same as for last t ear. The decrease in deaths during the earl' part of to33 was offset by the rise the late summer and fall. Decemner may prove to he worst- than December 1932. for in the following 10 cities the rmal accidental deaths rose 7 per from 584 to h?7. oi-cu- Mi.it.-i pa t imi- 2-*- 'Pots } <11 Inni'- r *' I'.aitimmo i iustoti .-7 liuffalo ....... in [i-nvfi' ... . I Jl.TSoc tMlV ...n Kansas Kit a Mo.......... .. ... J*! NeWHl'k .... 7 7 .Now V11 rK* n-4 ii'KMIfKtt*!' .. > Xf. Lotus 21; . 7L 1 r, - V :4 .1 17 '( 17 17 *1 U i" M 147 :\v. 11 ' n 17 i'utals x:7 " . .i.'itinx unci,. -- 1' 1 Luokiny ahead........ Vs February is a chort month, (he following p-edicrionnre based on deaths per clay rather -hue on monthly totals. February autumnniie deaths will probably be about 1* ;*- ent fewer than '.inuary. due D-*w:y the seasonal slump in traffic, ratal fa;..-* will drop about 8 per cent. Deaths from burns and from asphyxiation and suffo cation will show a mall decrease ;i*-ihaps as much as 5 per cent. Other type>f .undental death may decline oieewhat, though the change is iikelv to he small. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS DEF the menace of ! PULMOSAN R-I10 Dustpruf Respirator Most popular for fine .lusts or paint spray mists. Weighs 2't <>/. Comfortable, a d j u s t a h ! e, easy breathing. Has flutter ex haust valve. Dustpruf RESPIRATORS . . . the only respirators with the PATENTED, nondnflated face cushion! 97.6% EFFICIENT against Silica Flour! ! mlrr the direction of a competent ititlioriry, the Pulmosan Dustpruf Respirator Kilters showed an effi cient-v of 97.Vr against Silica Flour -averatte size .1 microns and under at a normal breathing rate of i iiliic toot tier minute. FAUTION! He sms to buy PTTLStodAX Kilters to re-fill your res-tdritors, otherwise, this eltieieney will he hiiriimsheit. Pulmosan Dustpruf Respirators are scientifically designed to provide a high degree of safety and protection to workers exposed to dusts of any nature. In design and construction, they give the worker the utmost in wearing comfort, lightness and ease of breathing . , . yet are sturdy enough to withstand hard usage. They have been tested and approved by labor atories and industrial plants alike. As a result, they are standard in many leading plants. If any workers in your plant are exposed to dusts---or ANY breathing hazard--let Pulmo san prescribe the safest protection from its more than 30 types. INI20 Dustpruf Respirator Sami* as H-110, but with intake valve to prevent exhaling through litter, Racket! >u metal ease, with 12 extra biters. k HScND COUPON for detailed de scription and prices of entire line of Pulmosan Respirators. k-U>0 Dustpruf Respirator similar in construction to H-UO, but without exhaust " ;i IV' Pulmosan "safety Equipment t orp,. 170 Johnson sr., flronklyn, M, 1en t ienmn ; * Ujr hrearhtm*- tm/turii i> x.\ I EQUIPMENT CORP. 176 Johnson St., Brooklyn, N. V. Member: Ind. Safety Equip. Mfr't /tu'n Michigan Distr.: THE BOYER-CAMPBELL CO., Inc., Detroit ;-eini Hetjijnimemla t nn ami ..feraiis Kirm Sri rue t"i t at e, DREDNAUT GGC 1 c ' PROVIDE WHAT IT ; vK.vIQ ^i K* EYE SAFETY SAFETY. COMFORT. WIDE VISION--50 MM. EYE CUPS. EXTRAORDINARY VENTILATION. SELF ADJUSTING NOSE BRIDGE. WATER & FIRE-PROOF FRAME MATERIAL. RIGHT & LEFT EYE CUPS. RUST & CORROSION PROOF SIDE SCREENS. LENSES OF CLEAR WHITE OPTICAL GLASS. LENSES GROUND. POLISHED & SPECIALLY ANNEALED. FREE FROM ALL SURFACE & OPTICAL DEFECTS. A LOW INITIAL COST. A. LONG LIFE. PLUS A LIFE TIME GUARANTEE OF REPLACEMENT WITH OUT COST OF ANY DREDNAUT FRAME OR LENS BROKEN IN SERVICE. Both management and employees are protected by Drednaut Goggles. Send for a sample and specify Drednaut Goggles on your next requisition. 1228 St. Clair Ave. Buell W. Nutt, President Cleveland, Ohio