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FILE NAME: TILO (TIL) DATE: 1936 DOC#: TIL007 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: CT Health Bulletins Connecticut Health Bulletin " For a Clean Sta te and a H ealthy People " Vol. 50 May, 1936 No. 5 3n IRecngmnn of its Hiftirtb nttiuBcaary Stanley H. Osborn, M. D,, C. P, H., Commissioner Issued Monthly by the State Department of Health HARTFORD Occupational Diseases R EPO R T FOR APRIL, 1936 A lkalis Derm atitis .................................... C a rb o n M o n o x id e P o iso n in g ...... Cause not definitely determ ined Derm atitis .................................... D ust-- B rass foundry Silicosis .......................................... D ust-- R edw ood Derm atitis .................................... D ust-- T obacco Dermatitis ..................................... Friction and Tension Sub-patella bursitis ................... Felon ............................................... M etal polish 2 Derm atitis ........................................ 1 1 Poisonous plants Ti Derm atitis ...................................... l :9 2 R esin s, S y n th e tic Molding '9 Derm atitis ...................................... l 11 1 S oap p o w d e r and solutions 1 Derm atitis ...................................... 2 2 S o lv e n ts (carbon tetra-chloride, ben 4 zene, etc., in spotting) System ic poisoning ..................... 1 & Solvents-- gasoline 1 1 Derm atitis ....................................... 1 -- Le T otal .................................. 21 It !hi Sf I S P R IN G HO USE C L E A N IN G A N O C C U P A T IO N A L DISEASE 1 P R E V E N T IV E 2 An im p o rta n t step in th e elim ination of d u st h a z a rd s in any industry p la n t is periodic an d effective house cleaning. This may be best ac com plished by m eans of in d u stria l vacuum cleaning. In this manner, dust accum ulations o ver a p erio d of tim e on beam s, rafters, girders, w alls, floors, and n e a r d u st producing m ach in es can be expeditiously rem oved w ithout undue e x p o su re to th e clean -u p crew. This cleaning should be done a t n ig h t o r over the w eek -en d so th at dust which is being d istu rb ed will n o t b e in h aled by all o f th e workers in the plant, , The clean -u p crew sh o uld be provided w ith respirators during the vacuum cleaning as th e y w ill be clim bing alo n g beam s and girdershav ing h e a v y dust accum ulations and will of cou rse disturb this dust. In m an y plants high p re ssu re a ir is som etim es used to clean benches. Jt dust produ cin g m achines, w alls and w indow s. W orkers even clean their clothes in this m anner, b e fo re leaving th e p la n t. Foremen should in- 1fit stru ct th e ir men to d isco ntinue th is practice. I t n o t only costs moneyto ^ com press air, but th e d islo d g ed dust is n o t rem o v ed from the working j;( enviro n m en t; it is blow n a b o u t and settles in a n o th e r part of the room t|,e| or plant. Som etim es flushing w ith w a te r is effective b u t machines have to be ^ covered to prevent th e m fro m rusting an d m an y times it is difficult to rem ove th e m uddy w a te r. In d u stria l vacuum clean in g is a most effective -'C means for plant house cleaning. ' > tb 120 Connecticut H ealth Bulletin " Fot a C itati State and a H ealthy People " Vol. 50 June, 1936 No. 6 SPECIAL ARTICLES United S tates P u b lic H ealth S erv ice a n d Co operative H ea lth W ork Bovine T uberculosis in Man Registered N urses A nd T ra in e d A tte n d a n ts Hospitals L icensed in C onnecticut Toxicity of C a rb o n T e tra c h lo rid e Successful M eetin g -- L ab o rato ry A sso ciatio n Stanley H. O sb o rn . M. D.. C. P. H.. C o m m issio n er Issued M onthly by the State Department of Health HARTFORD I health service. All public health workers, to use a common expression, arc a t present being placed upon the spot. A wonderful opportunity is at pres ent available to all public health adm inistrators to demonstrate what car now be accomplished by th e practical application of the principles of sani tary science and health. This opportunity carries along with it a grave responsibility, the success of fu tu re development will depend largely upoi. the conduct of the present day public health workers. Every public health worker, regardless of his or her status, has definite duties to performand if these duties are not perform ed properly, the whole public health pro gram will be correspondingly retarded. Therefore, it is hoped that every public health worker in th is state will realize fully his or her responsibility and will perform the duties assigned w ith such diligence and enthusiasm th at those who made this opportunity possible may veritably acclaim. "Wei: done, thou good and fa ith fu l servant." Let everyone be constantly imbuee with the idea that honest public health effort is never futile and ultimately will achieve worthwhile results. HEALTH R A D IO TALKS-- JU L Y AND AUGUST CONNECTICUT S T A T E D E PA R T M E N T OF HEALTH Station W TIC -- Thursdays, 2 :1 5 -2 :20 (DST) Ju ly 2-- Keep Food Cold-- E arle K. Borm an, Asst. Director, Bureauof Laboratories 9-- W hat Goes on a t a Summer Round-up-- A. Elizabeth Ingraham 16-- First Aid in C ase of Need-- M illard Knowlton 23-- Clean Food fo r th e Public-- W arren J. Scott 30-- Raw vs. Cooked Food-- Elizabeth C. Nickerson Aug. 6-- Midsummer M adness-- Jam es M. Cunningham 13-- The Public H e a lth Nurse in V acation Time--Elizabeth S. Tay lor 20-- By All M anners and Means-- W illiam C. Welling 27-- Industrial V entilation-- B. F. Postm an, Industrial Hygiet; Engineer, B ureau of Occupational Diseases W1WJ.I-LW l' .t rTir' Connecticut Health Bulletin "For a Clean State and a H ealthy People " Voi. 50 July, 1936 No. 7 SPECIAL ARTICLES Accidental D eath s in C onnecticut in 1935 Progress a n d Deficiencies in S e w a g e T re a t ment in C onnecticut Connecticut S ta te Cancer P ro g ra m The Typhoid C a rrie r P roblem in C o n n ecticu t Committee on P u b lic H ea lth o f th e C onnecti cut State M edical Society-- S ta te m e n t on Sanitary D istricts The Public H e a lth N urse a n d H e r B oard Member Person P ra cticin g Illegally C o n v icte d Sub-registrars in Connecticut Physicians L icensed to P ra c tic e M e d icin e and Surgery Dust Control E q u ip m e n t R e q u ires A tte n tio n Laboratory L acks Sufficient F u n d s f o r M ail ing R eports Chart--S tate C a n c e r P ro g ram Stanley H. Osborn, M. D.. C. P. H.. Commissioner Issued Monthly by the State Department of Health HARTFORD R E P O R T FO R JU N E , 193S A lkalis Derm atitis ......................................... B en zene System ic Poisoning ....................... C ause not definitely know n Clothes sorting D erm atitis....................................... Paint manufacturing D erm atitis....................................... Printing D erm atitis....................................... C hem icals Poisoning ........................................... C hem icals-- Hair dressin g so lu tio n Dermatitis ......................................... C u ttin g Oils and com pounds Derm atitis ......................................... C yanide-- Case hardening D e rm a titis........................................... D ust, foundry Silicosis .............................................. . G rinding O peraticns (w e t) D erm a titis.......................................... I n fe c tio u s Organisms Anthrax ....................................... Im petigo ....................................... M ercury System ic Poisoning Instrument Manufacturing..... H at or Hatters' fur manufac turing .................................. P oisonou s Plants D e rm a titis......................................... R esin s an d moisture Paper Manufacturing D erm atitis.............................. . Soap Solutions D e rm a titis.................................... ; S o lv en ts-- Gasoline D e rm a titis.................................... T em p e ra tu r e Extremes F rost bite .................................... 1 Total D U ST C O N T R O L E Q U IP M E N T R E Q U IR E S ATTENTION Provision of local e x h a u st to rem ove d u st a t its source is one of :n? m o st im p o rtan t fa c to rs in th e pro tectio n o f th e health of those exposed to dusts. Excessive e x p o su re definitely affects health to the extent of conditions varying fro m a cu te or chronic effects of the upper respirator' tr a c t, systemic p o isoning an d p ath o lo g ical changes resulting in diabling lung fibrosis. In o rd er to be effective in keeping d u st concentrations at low level?, a ll ex h au st system s m u st be re g u larly in spected and maintained, k a d d itio n to this, th e re sh o u ld be a q u a rte rly , more meticulous inspect. A ssum ing th a t sp rin g h o u se cleaning is o v er and dust accumulation? e w alls, beams, g ird e rs a n d around m ach in es have been removed, ih; v ario u s sections of th e d u st handling eq u ip m en t should be inspected-- h o o d s over w heels, p ip in g , elbows, ju n c tio n points, fans, fan wheels, m o to rs, controls a n d b elts. Cyclone or cloth-screen type dust arrest sh o u ld not be used a s sto rag e space fo r collected materials. Effective a n d re g u la r disposal o f collected dust sh o u ld be intrusted to the atten tion of one or m ore specifically instructed individuals. A w ell designed, p ro p e rly m aintained d u st exhaust system is aninst an c e against th e d ev elo p m en t of occu p atio n al disease in those em p lo y ed in in d u strial p la n ts which are d u sty as a result of their partitas: p rocesses or have b ecom e so as a re su lt of poor housekeeping. F o r m ore d e ta ile d in fo rm atio n re la tiv e to medical, chemical or ven tila tio n factors p e rta in in g to preventive m easu res in occupational diseas co n tro l, com m unicate w ith th e B ureau of Occupational Diseases, Off neeticut State D ep artm en t of Health. 188 Connecticut Health Bulletin 44For a C lean S ta te a nd a H e a lth y P e o p le " Vol. 50 September, 1936 No. 9 SPECIAL ARTICLES The Narcotic D rug Problem In Connecticut Another T reatm ent Station For Syphilis Es tablished Attorney G eneral's Opinion on P racticin g the Healing A rts W hile Summering In Connec ticut Attorney General's Opinion on th e Use of the x-ray by Chiropractic Physicians Midsummer Madness (radio) Practitioners Licensed Regulations for W ells in New H aven Hartford Regulations for Cleansing o f Uten sils at Public Eating and D rinking Places Harvard Symposium on the Environm ent and its Effect on Man National Institute of H ealth to S tudy Fun gous Diseases Stanley H. Oaborn. M. D.t C. P. H.. Com missioner Issued Monthly by the State Department of Health HARTFORD .-sis i e !*> Connecticut H ealth B ulletin 1 " Fot a Clean Sfate a n d a H e a lth y People " 7 1 Si Voi. SO December, 1936 No. 12 I li4 11 1 SPECIAL A RTICLES 3 Progress R eport of B u rea u o f M ental H y giene Water W orks Em ergencies 13<41 Control of D ust E xposures in C onnecticut . li Populations, State, Counties a n d Tow ns as of 4 July, 1936 Lead Poisoning from D rin k in g W a te r Broadcasting Schedule fo r 1936-1937 Clinical T h erm o m eters L e g a l f o r S ale in Connecticut Undulant F ever C ontracted F a r A w ay From Home Control o f H e a lth H a z a r d s F ro m O rg an ic Solvents Evaluation of S rodiagnostic T ests for Syphilis Index of V olum e SO, 1936, M o n th ly H ea lth Bulletin Stanley H. 06faorn, M. D.t C. P. K .. C om m issioner Issued M onthly by the State Department of Health HARTFORD tod CONTROL O F DUST E X P O S U R E S IN C O N N E C T IC U T ery Up A lbert S. G ray , M. D. veil ard Exposure to dust of the type w hich p ro d u ces pneum oconiosis presents 'ith themost serious single occupational d isease h azard in th e state. The ;ers Bureau of Occupational Diseases, e a rly in its existence, classified Con necticut industry and listed the p o te n tia l h e alth h a z a rd s w hich may ist- occurin each. Of the 96 industrial classifications, 41 w ere found to in !ec- cludesuch dust exposures. the Based on a general knowledge of th e d u st problem , surveys were lies conducted in plants presenting th e m ost im p o rtan t problem s in point ials ofseverity and of num ber of w o rk ers exposed. D ust determ inations airs remade of operations and equip m en t w hich contributed to the dust ers. content of the working environm ent. F ro m this w ork m uch funda ion mental information was obtained on th e dust exposures in the in dustries of the state, and dust control m easu res w ere in stitu ted where, ted necessary. )lic Factors in Pneum oconiosis ier- Four factors determine w hether a d u st exposure m ay produce pneu moconiosis: (1) the particle size, (2) th e composition of th e dust, lothchemical and m ineralogical, (3) th e concentration of th e dust in tieair and (4) the duration of exposure. ere. Inorder for dust to enter the in n er recesses of the lungs an d produce this disease, it must be sm aller th a n 10 m icrons (1/2500 inch) in its . longest dimension. In fact, most of th e d u st found in th e alveoli of .i lie lungs is less than 5 microns in size, th o u g h asbestos d u st seems to Jr uean exception as fibers even 300 m icrons in length p e n e tra te into . Itis portion of the lungs. , The dust which causes developm ent of silicosis, a ty p e of pneumo`osis, on shortest exposure is th a t con tain in g high percen tag es of tree silica in the form of quartz. A n u m b e r of exceptionally rapid ceseshaveresulted w here alkaline d u st h a s been mixed w ith th e quartz, kt this is a comparatively lim ited ex p o su re. Certain o th e r types of fir "liststhan those of high free silica c o n te n t m ay cause fibrosis of suf- ieient extent to lead to disability. A sbestos, which contains b u t little treesilica, is an example of such a dust. the lugeneral, the concentration of d u st n ecessary to cause silicosis is dependent upon its content of free silica. Extensive investigations of !heeffect of various concentrations of g ra n ite dust, fo r exam ple, indi te that this dust h a z a rd is well u n d e r co n tro l if the atm ospheric con- Kiiration is less than 9 million p articles p e r cubic foot. The duration of exposure required to p ro d u ce disabling silicosis deleniis nn the type of dust and the co n cen tratio n b reathed. I t usually requiresseveral years even under th e m o st severe conditions. Todetermine the extent of potential d u s t h a z a rd s in th e causation of silicosis, these four factors must be con sid ered . This re q u ire s more tan cursory inspection. F urtherm ore, co n tro l m easures w hich are to heinstituted must be based both on a g e n e ra l know ledge of th ese four `actorsand on specific inform ation co n cern in g them found a t th e par"-ealar operation or p la n t being in v e stig ated . 303 1 Dust Surveys By the B ureau During th e last few years, th e dust problem has assumed such impor tance th a t th e dust control activities of th e bureau have greatly in creased. As an indication of th e diversity of dust exposures investigated by the b ureau, fifty-four d ifferen t types of industries or operations have been surveyed. In th e fiscal year ending J u n e 1936, in addition to the many demands placed on th e bureau fo r a w ide variety of services in relation to haz ardous conditions in industry, some eighty-three surveys were made of dust exposures alone. In th e p resen t year, w ith somewhat augmented personnel, th e number of dust surveys will be m ore th an doubled. The survey of the foundry industry in the sta te which is at present in progress is an example of th e operating procedure of the bureau. Briefly, th e bureau first conducted a num ber of complete studies of foundry d u st conditions in o rd e r to become thoroughly familiar with the extent of the dust exposures presented by specific operations and types of equipm ent. The co n d u ct of such studies has been extended over the last three or four years. Plans w ere then made fo r a com plete survey of the entire foundry industry. A list was compiled of all foundries in th e state, both those operating as th e principal p a rt of th e business an d also those which are m erely one departm ent in connection w ith o th er manufacturing operations. Form s were p re p a re d containing item s on materials, equip ment, operations and general conditions which contributed to the dust exposure. This form was p red icated upon an extensive knowledge of the industry and its dust problem . Since dust control in th e fo u n d ry industry is prim arily a matter of provision o f dust collection equipm ent, institution o f good house-keep ing m easures, provision of ad eq u ate ventilation, affording proper re spiratory protection and the like-- all m easures w hich come under the responsibility of management-- , it w as considered desirable to discuss the b ureau's program with th e foundrym en of th e state. The three-fold puvpose of th is survey was outlined before a meeting! of this group as follows: (1) to obtain com plete inform ation of d u st conditions in this industry, (2) to conduct an intensive educational program concerning the dust problem , and (3) to control the dust conditions which present health hazards. At the p resen t time more th a n h alf the foundries of the state have been com pletely surveyed. In addition to obtaining- the facts included in the survey form, the rep resen tativ es of this bureau have thoroughly discussed th e silicosis problem a t each of th e foundries surveyed and have pointed out those excessive d u st exposures w hich are evident on general observation. Recom m endations for control of such conditions are presented a t the time of the survey. At the conclusion of th e fo u n d ry survey th e fa c ts secured will be used for th e development of ad eq u ate control m easures. The most practicable control measures fo r each individual operation can then be applied to th e end th at the d u st problem in this industry will be met as rapidly an d economically as possible. It is an encouraging note that even before th e completion of th is survey, there is m uch activity among the foundries in clearing up dusty conditions w hich have been disclosed during the course of the survey. 304 In addition to necessary in v estig atio n s of health h a z a rd s in particular plants which th e bureau m ust c o n d u c t as a p a rt of its re g u la r program, surveys of o th e r entire in d u stries involving dust exposures will be un dertaken. I t is an ticip ated t h a t su ch an orderly, w ell balanced pro cedure will continue to be effective in th e fu rth er control of dust prob lems encountered in Connecticut. POPULATIONS STA TE, COUNTIES AND TOW NS, AS O F JU L Y 1, 1936 For many y ears the so-called "A rith m etic Method" has been used in Con necticut for estim ating the population. This method assum es th at any in crease or decrease between two census dates, reduced to an annual increase or decrease, is projected forw ard by th e annual am ount fro m year to year until the next census. This is called " extrapolation". This is the m ethod finally decided upon for estim ating the populations for 1936; but as another method of estim ation has been studied, and which yielded some interestin g results, a b rie f discussion of this other method is given. According to legislation passed a t th e 1935 session of the General Assem blyrelating to assistance for th e aged, a list of all persons between the ages of twenty-one and sixty, inclusive, residing in each town on the first day of October, shall be prepared each y e a r and lodged in the office of the town clerk. These lists, and the num bers indicated thereby, w ere studied as a method of population estimation. The procedure is described below for the state as a whole. 1930 Census, A pril 1, Connecticut Total Population Ages 21-60 Age Group 21-60, as P er Cent of T otal 1,606,903 834,222 51.9149 It is now assum ed th a t this p er cen t has remained constant since 1930 and is true in 1935. Referring now to the numbers reported in the tax lists, this number w as 894,231. This n u m ber is 51.9149 p er cent of 1,722,494, which might be considered as the population estimate not fo r 1935, but for 1936, as the ta x lists fo r 1935 receive additions up to A pril, 1936. The arithmetic m ethod gives 1,722,797 as the estimated population for 1935. This is only 303 m ore than the ta x lis t enumeration. I t rem ains to show why this should be carried over as th e 1936 estimate. After the census of 1920 was taken, it was necessary to estimate popu lations up to 1930. When the census of 1930 was taken it was a simple matter to discover the error in th e estim ate. The table below sets this forth: E stim ated Populations, 1 9 2 0 -1 9 3 0 , as o f July 1, in E ach Y ear Annual Increase 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 Subtract two annual increases 27,439 1,558,996 1.586,435 1,613.874 1,641,313 1,668,752 54,878 1,613,874 Actual census of 1930, as of Ju ly 1, 1930, 1,613,422. 305