Document om5q7bJk84ovKYdG7ee343bQg

FILE NAME: Oil Industry and American Petroleum Institute (API) DATE: 1956 Nov 12 DOC#: API037 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Minutes from API Medical Advisory Committee Meeting with Attachments t AMERICAN petroleum instituts Twenty-second Meeting November 12, 195 Conrad Hilton Hotel Chicago, Illinois L E. Curtis, M. D. Chairman V. C. 3aird, M. D., Vice Chairman F. D. Gassaway, M. D., Secretary W. 0. Armstrong, M. D. lamson 31aney, M. D. F. F. 3oys, M. D. Richard Call, M. I). Kieffer Davis, M. D. R. 2, Eckardt, M. D. m M. Frank, M. D. C . r i Hine, M. D. T. J. Kelly, M . D. E. K. Linder, M. D. B. S. Miller, M. D. C. R. Miller, M. D. T. H. Mitchell, M. D. M. N. Newquist, M. D. J. W. Osborn, M. D. 3. 5. Reeve, M. D. J. C. Ruddock, M. D. G. M. Saunders, M. D. R. Schneider, M. D. Leo. J. Wade, M. D. TECHNICAL ADVISORS PRESENT W. L. Avrett, Jr. R. D. Bent C. T. Brown R. C. Cole E. K. Daniels H. W. Gerarde, M. D. N. J. Gothard Paul D. Halley J. W. Hammond R. M. Landen L. Mittelman C. A. Neilson A. C. Pabst T. B. Rendel L. E. Renes F. E. Rosenstiehl Jack Spence OTHERS REGISTERED . N. W. Bolyard Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Philip Drinker Harvard University M. D. Gjerde Standard Oil Company (Indiana) R. Sarfeh, M. D. National Iranian Oil Co. V. E. Scovili Standard Oil Company (Ohio) D. V. Stroop American Petroleum Institute Norman Thompson Sun Oil Company John B. Tuttle Esso Standard Oil Company J. H. Yates Esso Standard Oil Company MEMBERS NOT REGISTERED Marshall Clinton, Mi D. J. W. Crookshank, M. D. K. R. Fourcher, M. D. E. P. Luongo, M. D. R. C. Page, M. D. R. J. Potts, M. D. API 07268 r / MINUTE; v voted to approve the minuses of the first Meaning as circularized by letter :ay 21, irfc. II SUBCCMMITTi: -. Operating Subcommittee - L. E. Curtis, M. D., Chairman Or. Curtis made a trief informal report on the subcommittee meeting which had been held on November 11, 1956. !. Program Subcommittee - 3. B. Reeve, M. D . , Chairman Dr. Reeve read his brief report which is attached to these minutes as Appendix A. ACTION: The committee accepted the report and voted to hold a public group session on Monday Morning, November 11, 1957, at the 37th Annual Meeting of the American Petroleum Institute in the Conrad Hilton Hotel, Chicago, Illinois. C . Subcommittee on Atmospheric Pollutants - John C. Ruddock, M. D . , Chairman Dr. Ruddock presented the subcommittee report with recommenda tions which is attached as Appendix B. ACTION: After adoption of tvo amendments the committee adopted the subcommittee recommendations as follows: 1. It is the opinion of the MAC that liaison with the Smoke and Fumes Committee should be continued and that each of these committees should be advised continuously concerning the findings and conclusions of the other concerning atmospheric pollutants. 2. It is recommended that all matters pertaining to effect of air pollutants on human health and welfare which are not technical or analytical in their nature be referred to the MAC for advice or for recommendations on study and research. 3 It is recommended that $20,000 1957-1958 "be allocated by the API for the use of the Subcommittee on At mospheric Pollutants of the MAC in order to activate a research project on clinical and physiological effects of air pollution. API 07269 I (a) To evaluate the direction and extent of current research new being carried on. (b) To determine the physiological significance, if any, of atmospheric pollutants resulting from the production, transportation, and use of petroleum products, the subject pol lutants to be determined by consultation with the appropriate technical committee of the API. U. It is recommended that the subcommittee on atmospheric pollutants review suitable research facilities and solicit experimental designs by which such studies may be undertaken. 5- It is recommended that the Smoke and Fumes Committee sponsor a research project, t;:e purposes of which would be: (a) To develop analytical methods for the quantitative analysis of 3-^ benzpyrene and ether polycyclic compounds in the exhaust of gasoline motors, Diesel engines and atmosphere. (b) To determine the stability of 3-^ benzpyrene under varying conditions of atmospheric ex posure . 6. It is recommended that the chairman of the Subcommittee on Atmospheric Pollutants should be instructed to es tablish liaison on specific work with members of or ganizations, such as the Association of American Rail roads and Automobile Manufacturers Association, on matters concerning medical research in atmospheric pollution. D. Subcommittee on Cq-Ci2 Aromatics - C. H. Sine, M. D., Chairman Dr. line presented the subcommittee report which is attached as Appendix C. ACTION: The committee voted to accept the report with its recommendation for the extension of the study through the fiscal year 1957-56 at an additional cost of $20,000. S . Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity - Robert S. Eckardt, M. D., Chairman Dr. Eckardt presented the subcommittee report which is attached as Appendix D. ACTION: The committee voted to accept the report. API 07270 0 4 7 , ~ 1::rr.nlttee or. Economic Poisons - J. ;rn, Ir. Csbcrn presented the subcommittee report which is a d a er.dix Z . -PTZZ17: The committee voted to accept the report. 3 . Subcommittee on Physical Agents - lanscr. Blar.ey, M. D., Chairman Dr. Biar.ey presented the subcommittee report which is attached as Appendix F. ACTION: The committee voted to accept the report. H. Subcommittee on Toxicological Reviews - H. W. Gerarde, M. D., Chairman Dr. Gerarde presented the subcommittee recommendations which are attached as Appendix G. ACTION: The committee voted to accept the recommendations as presented. Z . Subcommittee on Industrial Hygiene - P. D. Halley, Chairman Mr. Halley presented the subcommittee report which is attached as Appendix H. ACTION: The committee voted to accept the subcommittee report. Note: Without objection, Chairman Curtis requested the Subcommittee on Industrial Hygiene to review and report on a mono graph which had been referred to him by the M. W. Kellogg Company. J. Subcommittee on Dermatology - Leo J. Wade, M. D., Chairman Dr. Wade presented the report dated October 2 h which had been sent to members. ACTION: The committee voted to accept the subcommittee report. . Ill Philip Drinker Philip Drinker discussed subjects and developments of interest to members of the committee. IV REPORTS BY LIAISON MEMBERS Brief informal reports were made by or on behalf of all liaison members of r.'ne Medical Advisory Committee. API 07271 T * J mxlc.-.vn -rt' - leiical Advisory Committee reviewed the 1.957-56 budget '.t &*5S a:; fellows: irsity cf Cincinnati - MC - 1 rsity cf Texas - MC - 2 A. Nau, M. D. - MC - 2 Services .? Drinker - Retainer " " - Toxicological Reviews Committee on Noise in Industry Kerosine Project (Treatment) Miscellaneous Expense 1U,0C0.C0 6,000.00 3,000.00 6,0C0.0C 5.000. CO 5.000. CO 3C0.C0 $77,5CO.CC ACTION: The committee voted to recommend the budget to the Medical and Health Committee for approval and for authorization for the solicitation cf oil company contributions in 1957 in the same amounts as those made in 1956 which, in the aggregate amounted to $7 9 ,7 5 0 .0 0 . 3 Subcommittee Assignments ACTION: The committee' voted to delegate responsibility c? supervision of the American Standard Associa tion projects and committee assignments to the Subcommittee on Industrie! Hygiene. C. Twenty-third Medical .Advisory Committee Meeting ACTION: The committee voted to hold its 23rd Meeting on April 20, 21, 22 at St. Louis, Mo., immediately preceding the meeting of the Industrial Medical Association. VI ADJOURNMENT There being nc further business before the committee, the meeting was adjourned. Approved by: L. E. Curtis, M. D. H / 3 0 / 5 6 Chairman. F. D. Gassaway, M. D. Secretary API 07272 T 4 TiZ PROGRAM 5UBCCMMITTZZ 3. B. Reeve, Chairman The Program Subcommittee prepared the Medical and Health Prc:--.n ..'hi:h you heard ohis morning. We want to thank the speakers for their fine oreser.oatior.s. 'he have prepared for the A.P.I. Medical Advisory Committee pro-r^n for tomorrow, which is to be held in Private Dining Room #3 Every one has been sent a copy of the program. The Committee hopes every member will be present and participate in this discussional meeting. Ve are looking for suggestions as to how we can improve these meetings. Already we have obtained some suggestions that will be dis cussed at the meeting. The Program Subcommittee proposes that a decision be obtained from the A.P.I. Medical Advisory Committee at this time as to whether r.other open meeting should be held, in order that the oncoming Program ubcommittee can begin planning. The Program Subcommittee wishes to thank the members of the Medical Advisory Committee for their help in developing the programs for this year. B. B. Reeve, Chairman Cjj ya lamson Blaney, M.D. F. D. Gassaway, M.D. I. K. Linder, M.D. J. W. Osborn, M.D. G. M. Saunders, M.D. API 07273 * 4 f\ r--.'il>--A To Minutes of 22nd MAC 'Mating REPORT CF THE R-JBCCMMITTEE CN ATMOSPHERIC FCLLITA-TTS CF THE JZDICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE _______TO THE AMERICAN PETROIEUM INSTITUTE__________ J. C. Ruddock, iM. D., Chairman The duties of the Subcommittee on Atmospheric Pollutants are: 1. To keep the Medical Advisory Committee continuously informed of the status of research which has been - completed or is contemplated which concerns direct ly or indirectly the effects of atmospheric pollu tants on the health and welfare of human beings. 2. To establish liaison with the Smoke and Fumes Com mittee of the Division of Refining, and especially its Technical Advisory Committee, in order to keep the Medical Advisory Committee informed of the tech nical findings of this committee; to become cognizant cf analytical tools of research; and further, to ad vise the Smoke and Fumes Committee (and especially its Technical Advisory Committee) concerning the aspects of the Medical Advisory Committee's interest which may affect the recommendations and conclusions of the Technical Advisory Committee. Under the present administrative setup, the chairman of the Subcommittee on Atmospheric Pollutants acts as liaison with the Smoke and Fumes Committee of the Division of Refining. Following a proposal of the Medical Advisory Committee at its meeting in April, 1956, the chairman of the MAC, Dr. Curtis, attended a meeting of the Smoke and Fumes Committee in Montreal in May, 1956. Dr. Curtis was given the privilege of the floor and made a request that $20,000 be given for a program to review the literature to date concerning the effects cf atmospheric pollutants on human beings and particularly those pollutants which may emanate from the production, manufacture or use of petroleum products. The Smoke and Fumes Committee denied the request of the MAC on the grounds that they do not wish to be required to judge the merit of requests on matters outside their scope. Further, they were unwilling to act as a collection agency for the MAC and requested that any items proposed by the MAC be presented to the Board via the chairman of the Medical and Health Com mittee rather than to the Smoke and Fumes Committee. This matter was pre sented to all members of the Smoke and Fumes Committee by ballot letter vote, and all members approved of the action denying our request. API 07274 r n I o a than at the tine of the action 'ey the Sr.cke and 3 confusion in relation tc instructions of the e API and apparently sene confusion of comnur.ica- esired procedural directives. This natter was then taken up by the Executive Committee of the Ecard at a nesting at White Sulphur Springs on September 2o, 19to, with the follow ing resuitir.e recommendations: 1. The Medical Advisory Committee serves as a service group to the four API operating divisions. 2. Medical aspects of operating problems, regardless of origin, should be considered jointly by interested di visional committees and medical committees. 3. If such problems involve expenditures, budgetary requests should be referred to the interested operating division for endorsement and inclusion in its budget with the understanding that the Medical Advisory Committee shall be responsible for the expenditure cf such funds. Almost immediately following this meeting, the chairman of the Subccmccmmittee or. Atmospheric Pollutants met with the Technical Advisory Subcom mittee cf the Smoke and Fumes Committee in New York City. This subcommittee approved cf the manner in which we were approaching the subject of our pro ject and felt that our request was reasonable. All present agreed that some 320,0C0 should be allocated to us but that the manner in which it was re quested must be left up to the Smoke and Fumes Committee as a whole. Ex cellent liaison was effected at this meeting, and it is hoped that their re commendations of approval of the manner in which we approached our project will be helpful. Liaison will be continued with the Smoke and Fumes Com mittee at their next meeting in November, 195&, in Chicago. NEED FCR FURTHER LIAISON. It is evident that money spent on the meticulous unraveling of the chemistry of atmospheric pollutants, the identification of the elements of atmospheric pollution and the determination of analytical methods for re search and identification has yielded much essential information concerning the chemical reactions to the diffusion of pollutants. When these elements are discovered and identified, what are we going to do with the information? Certainly the sources of the constituents of air pollution are important if we are to eliminate pollution at the source. There is much that we can do to alleviate the situation, given proper information; we cannot of course change certain meteorological phenomena or the direction of the wind, and we cannot move mountains nor, as yet, change inversion layers that are so intimately related to the rays of the sun. When the Technical Advisory Subcommittee can report identification of pollutants in xhe atmosphere, it is hoped that information will be given as to the quantity and density of "Substance X" as it is found under all condi tions of weather, population density, geographical location, seasonal changes, etc., and the lengths of time it is present under these various API 07275 y r. reconvenced hat this incrmaricr. ce given ir. search "ce ende tajeen te determine whether cr net dous or only a nuisance to the human beir.e. .here are many poisonous and r.cxicus fumes which only become noxious 'her. chev exceed a certain density and are either rescired or ingested-cct or.ce cut continuously ever a certain period cf time. The human being cay withstand the effects of a relatively large dose for a relatively short timea 'V.irtitlhe"ut harmf1 spiraticr.r cf the csubstance for a long teriod cf time. It is therefore necessary that cev not based on as sum; which she human be: The XAC does not have any specific problem of research to recommend at this time except that we be allowed to keep abreast of work in progress or projected which 'will give us a base of attack on problems when further study is indicated. Attention is called to Air Pollution Abatement Manual b y E . M. Adams, published by Manufacturing Chemists1 Association, Inc., Washington, D. C., 1551. In his chapter on physiological effects, Adams states; "Regardless cf the nature of the problem, the causal relationship is to be proved by establishing these four points; 1. A toxic effect has occurred. 2. A pollutant capable of causing this effect is (has been) present. 3 . There is (has been) an excessive exposure to the pollutant. *4-. Other causes of the toxic effect do not exist. "Ey 'toxic effect1 is meant real injuries which are self-evident or readily demonstrable by an appropriate medical examination." These four precepts which have been proposed by Adams, correspond to like precepts established by Koch, which are known as Koch's postulate, and which are still used in identifying positively the effects of bacterial in ifs i on 3 ,4 Benzpyrene together with several other polycyclic hydrocarbons have been identified in the air of cities both in the United States and abroad. It has been suggested that these substances may result from the combustion of a variety of organic substances including fuels derived from petroleum. The significance of these subsmances in the production of human lung cancer has not been established, but certain epidermiological evidence suggests that regions of high atmospheric pollution show an increased fre quency of pulmonary cancer. Though certain data are available which proport to describe concentra tions of 3 -k benzpyrene in 'urban air and in the exhaust of gasoline engines API 07276 y c C. ~he y * ^ esn r/:de that the products of partial oxidates of petrc- ero:i:is itoxides and coonides) are also suspect cf '"tile the evidence presented to support this assumption e the physiological effects of these compounds are worthy C SVUCV. o r1 ___ s.rv and Recommendations. 1. It is the opinion cf the MAC thet liaison with the Smoke and 7uces Committee should he continued and that each of these committees should he advised continuously concerning the findings and conclusions of the other concerning atmospheric pollutants. 2. It is recommended that all matters pertaining to effect of air pollutants on human health and welfare which are not technical or analytical in their nature he referred to the MAC for ad vice or for recommendations on study and research. 3. It is recommended that $20,000 1957-1958 he allocated hy the API for the use of the Subcommittee on Atmospheric Pollutants of the MAC in order to activate a research project on clinical and physiological effects of air pollution. (a) To evaluate the direction and extent of current re search now being carried or.. (h) To determine the physiological significance of atmospheric pollutants resulting from the pro duction, transportation, processing and use of petroleum products. k. It is recommended that the subcommittee on atmospheric pollutants review suitable research facilities and solicit experimental designs by which such studies may be undertaken. 5 It is recommended that the Smoke and Fumes Committee sponsor a research project, the purposes of which would be: (a) to develop analytical methods for the quantitative analysis of 3-^ benzpyrene and other polycyclic com pounds in the exhaust of gasoline motors, Diesel en gines and atmosphere. (b) to determine the stability of 3-^ benzpyrene under varying conditions of atmospheric exposure. API 07277 APPENDIX C Tc Minutes of 22r.d MAC Meeting Report cf the Subcommittee cn C q - C t o Aromatics C. H. Hine, M.D., Chairman Since the previous report, three additional exposure chambers have been activated, and animals are currently being exposed to the follow ing materials: 10C0 ppm benzene 2000 ppm benzene , 2000 ppm C^-C^q 1000 ppm C^-C]_Q 500 ppm C n - C i 2 1000 ppm N-decane (^10) Monitoring of the chambers by ultraviolet and infrared spectro metry has indicated a satisfactory reduplication of nominal exposures con centration with little daily variation. From the general toxicity stand point, exposure to 500 ppm of Produces the greatest effect and mortality. Rats exposed to 1000 ppm of benzene show no unusual reaction. Rats exposed to 2000 ppm show some depression. Rats exposed to 1000 ppm of C^-C]_o show irritation and depression; when exposed to 2000 ppm C^-C^q , severe depression is noted, followed later by tolerance. Rats exposed tc 1000 ppm of n-decane show some stimulation. Hematological study of exposed rats has determined hemoglobin, hematocrit, and counts of the RBC, WBC, differential and reticulocytes. The principal investigator concludes that both stimulation and depression of the hematopoietic system has resulted. Study of the bone marrow is re ported to reveal significant increases in the following cells: megaloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes and monocytes. Desoxyribosenucleic acid assay of the bone marrow of a limited number of animals indicated that no changes occurred in rats exposed to 1000 ppm of benzene but that there was a lowering of the level in animals exposed to 2000 ppm of benzene. Exposure to 2000 ppm of C9-C10 also lowered the DNA level. Slight stimulation was noticed in animals exposed to n-decane. Other findings were equivocal. Red blood cell counts have been made on mice exposed to the same series of compounds. A reduction in the number of red blood cells occurred with most materials. It would appear from this preliminary observation that C9-C10 and Cij__Ci2 fractions have effects on the red blood count of mice similar to that of benzene. Irritation studies have been carried out utilizing the eyes of rabbits. The greatest irritation appeared to occur with 500 ppm of Cj j Cl2* Painting experiments on mice have resulted in a marked systemic effect, indicating toxicity from percutaneous absorption as well as irrita tion. API 07278 r _o. From the preliminary data presented, it appeared desirable tc sacrifice significant numbers cf animals at stated tine intervals so that statistical comparison night be made betveen groups, While certain trends have been noted in the data obtained to date, there is considerable internal variation, and the need for utilizing sufficient numbers cf animals to pro vide a statistical basis of comparison is evident. From the experience to date, the rat appears to be fairly refractive to those effects of benzene which occasionally occur in exposed men; therefore, consideration will be given to finding a mere sensitive species. Or. Nau recommended that, at the present rate cf progress and anticipated work load, the project should continue for at least another year, commencing July 1957- ETCCy-EFnATICrS OF TEE SUBCOMMITTEE The Subcommittee recommends that the present study be extended through the fiscal year 19 57-58 and that additional monies in the amount of 120,000 be solicited for support. API 07279 R. E. Eckardt, M. D., Chairman FART 1 - API RESEARCH PROJECT MC-1 In respect tc the Subcommittee's report on the research activities at the Kettering Laboratories, "here is little additional to report beyond that was reported by the Subcommittee in April. Budget proposals were sub mitted at that time and need no revision other than that the Subcommittee ices net believe it will need Sl5 ,C00 for epidemiological studies in-19 5 7 1953. The Subcommittee submits without comment an interim report* from the Teetering Laboratory dated November 1, 1953. FART 2 - TOXICOLOGY of PETROLEUM WAX Recent newspaper publicity concerning the carcinogenicity of vax=s which cay be used on milk cartons, have lead the Subcommittee on Carcino genicity to consider it advisable to conduct biological testing which will help evaluate the carcinogenicity of waxes. In addition, it is the belief of the Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity that waxes, other than milk carton waxes which might also be used in the food industry, should also be included in this testing program in order to develop a more complete picture of the situation concerning waxes. In view of this, the subcommittee recommends the following courses of action to the Medical Advisory Committee: 1) A Survey of the types of waxes which are used in the food industry should be under taken in order that a complete understand ing of the types of waxes which come in contact with food can be had by the sub committee . 2) Following the above survey a selection of samples from these waxes should be made in order to provide a potential range of car cinogenic activity in the waxes sampled, which will be determined by the following factors: a) The crude source. b) The oil content. c) The degree and type of refining. *;;cte - Copies of the Interim Report were distributed to those in attendance at the 22nd MAC Meeting. Copies are available to other members of the Medical advisory Committee upon request to D. V. Stroop. 11-30-53 API 07280 usage, should be reviewed and iron then a selection of biological methods to be used ir. the testing program should be made, but these should probably include: a) Feeding. b) Skin applications. -) The Subcommittee be empowered to solicit, in addition to a proposal from the Kettering Laboratory which it has already reviewed, re search proposals or. the carcinogenicity of waxes from the following laboratories: a) The Hazleton Laboratories. b) The Institute of Industrial Medicine of Hew York University. c) The Department of Pharmacology of the University of Miami Medical School, under Dr. William Deichmann. d) The laboratories of Dr. Phillipe Shubik of the Chicago Medical Scnool. e) Industrial 3io-Test Laboratories, Incorporated, under the direction of Dr. Joseph Colandra in Chicago. f) Stanford Reseach Institute, Department of Biology, M. V. Velde, M. D., and G. N. Newell, Ph.D., Directors. g) UCLA, Department of Medicine, Dr. F. Bryan, Director. When these proposals have all been reviewed, the Subcommittee will make specific recommendations as to where these studies should be con ducted. It is expected that this can be completed by January, 1957 5) That the Medical Advisory Committee recommend to the Medical and Health Committee of the Board that $50,000 be made available through the appropriate API Division or Divisions Budget beginning July 1, 1957 to cover the costs of such ee.reir.ocer.ie testing of waxes, at a laboratory to be determined as in (h) above The Subcommittee believes that an equivalent amount of money will be needed each year for the next 3-1* years . in order to study the problem adequately. API 07281 > - 3 - ~ ) S-b.ject to rsviev and ccr.currsr.cs by API exscutivs cffleers and others concerned, that a letter similar to the attached be sent by the proper authority of the API. RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED, Members of the Subcommittee cr. Carcinogenicity R. E. Eckardt, M. D. - Chairman E. W. Adams C. H. Kine, M. D. E. K. Linder, M. D. R. C. Mithoff M. N. Nevquist, M. D. A. C. Pabst R. E. Eckardt, M. D./cjh Chairman, Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity November 5, 1956 Attachment - Proposed letter to Leroy E. Burney, Surgeon-General, September 13, 1956. API 07282 * Rough Draft ?1 September 13, 1956 R. Z. Zckardt, M. D./cjh I. Burney, M. D. n-General Futile Health Service Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Washington, D. C. Dear Dr. Burney: On Tuesday, August 21, 1956, a news report of a symposium of The International Union Against Cancer, held in Rome on August 10-15, 1956, appeared in THE NEW YORK TIMES, under the by-line of Arnaldo Cortesi, which said, in part, the following: "The report said certain mineral oils and paraffins used for coating milk cartons had produced cancer in man and experimental animals." Subsequently, in TIME MAGAZINE of August 27, 1956, there appeared the follow ing: "Among suspects (a6 cancer causing agents) certain paraffins used for coating milk cartons. As anticipated, these two news articles have precipitated a multitude of in quiries to our industry from container manufacturers, dairies, and even milk consumers. In essence, these inquiries have concerned themselves with the validity of these news releases. Ir. our attempt to develop the facts in this situation, Dr. Hueper has kindly provided a copy of the manuscript which he delivered at Rome, which was re ferred to in THE NEW YORK TIMES article, as well as a copy of the Report of the Symposium at Rome. After careful perusal of both of these documents, the only reference we could find which could have been misinterpreted by the news reporters is contained on page 22 of the Report of the Symposium and reads as follows: "U. Since various petroleum constituents including certain mineral oils and paraffin, have produced cancer in man and experimental animals, the presence of such chemicals in foods appears to be objectionable, particularly when such materials are subjected to too high temperatures." You will note that no specific reference is made to milk carton coatings. The petroleum industry has been aware of its responsibilities to its own em ployees, its customers, and the general public, in the field of carcinogenesis. In this respect, it has had a Subcommittee on Carcinogenicity of its Medical Advisory Committee for over 10 years. During the past 8 years, the Subcommittee API 07283 Arr^IujIX ^ To Minutes of 22nd MAC Meeting ?Z?CRT TP SUBCOMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC POISONS TO A.P.I., M.A.: J. V. Osborn, M. D., Chairman I. The Medical and Health Committee of the A.P.I. 3oard of Directors has cuxr.crized the Medical Advisory Committee and the Interdivisional Commixiee on labeling to co-operate with other A.P.I. Committees and other interested agencies in a program of parental education for the prevention of accidental poisoning of children through the ingestion of kerosine. To implement this charge the Subcommittee on Economic Poisons has taken the following steps: 1. Members of the Subcommittee submitted recommendations for procedure. 2. These recommendations were summarized and used as an agenda for discussion at a meeting in Cleveland on October 26 , 1956 with the following in attendance: Dr. J. W. Osborn, Chairman; Chairman of API, MAC Sub committee on Economic Poisons. Dr. Torald Sollmann, Chairman of Amer. Med. Assoc., Com mittee on Toxicology. ... Dr. Jay M. Arena, Chairman of Subcommittee on Kerosine Poisoning of AMA, C.O.T. Dr. Ralph C. Lohrey, Chairman of Child Safety Committee of Cleveland Academy of Medicine, representing Dr. George K. Starbuck, Chairman of American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Accident Prevention. Dr. Irving Sunshine, Ph.D., Toxicologist, Member of Dr. Lohrey's Child Safety Committee. Mr. Otto C. Haier, Manager of Safety, Standard Oil Co. .. (Ohio) and an M.A.C. Technical Advisor to Dr. Osborn. 3. Direct liaison with the Interdivisional Committee on Label ing in relation to the preparation of a suitable precaution- ary label for Kerosine. U. The full subcommittee met in Chicago on November 10, 1956 to review developments to date and to prepare this progress report to the M.A.C. Thirteen other M.A.C. members, tech nical advisers and guests were present. II. The Subcommittee submits the following comments and recommendations: API 07285  -2 - has sponsored research on carcinogenicity in the amount cf almost $7 5 0 ,000. jr. a considered review of potential carcinogenic problems, our Subcommittee has concluded that no hazard to the consumer or the general public, arises out of the use cf paraffin coated milk containers. In brief, its reasons for so believing have resulted from (1 ) a careful study of men in our in dustry exposed to the refined paraffin which is used in milk container ap plication. Such clinical and epidemiological studies have never revealed a case of human cancer which has resulted from exposure to the refined paraffin. (2) The painting of 5 refined paraffins, similar to those used in milk con tainer applications, on 15 0 nice for almost 500 days resulted in the pro duction of no skin or other cancers in these animals. We believe that this human epidemiological data and animal experimental data reduce the potential hazard to the minutest possibility. However, in our continuing and unrelenting efforts to discharge our responsi bilities to our customers and the general public, we are requesting of you an interpretation and clarification of the statements which appeared in THE NEW YORK TIMES and TIME MAGAZINE. ' Very truly yours, API 07284 1 . 7c implement an effective program ir. prevention of accidental '/.eresine poisoning, education should begin within the petroleum industry, as follows: ' ~ ~ a. The petroleum industry should carry out an active program of education to its employees and retail dealers. b. Use of precautionary labeling. c . Use of suitable containers to promote safe usage in the home. d. Active planning with other API Committees such as the Agricultural Committee and the Public Relations and/or Advertising Committee. 2. To implement an effective program outside the petroleum industry, further developments are needed. The Subcommittee recommends that the following organizations be contacted to see which is willing and best prepared to organize a coordinated program of public education on the prevention of rerosine poisoning: American American American National National Public Health Association Medical Association Academy of Pediatrics Advertising Council Safety Council When this is determined and the program approved by the A.P.I., reasonable financial support should be given toward the pro gram by the A.P.I. 3. Treatment of kerosine poisoning should not be separated from prevention. Present methods of treatment used may actually be contributing to severity and death rates. Basic research is needed. The A.P.I. should expect to provide reasonable financial support to qualified basic research in this field, but only after any specific research proposal has been submitted to the M.A.C. and recommended by it to the Medical and Health Committee. The A.M.A. Committee on Toxicology and the American Academy of Fediatrics Committee on Child Accident Prevention are among those specifically interested in such support. The A.P.I. should be prepared to act in furnishing financial support in this field. k. On October 12, 1956 the American Medical Association's Board of Trustees announced publicly in the newspapers its authori zation for the A.M.A. Committee on Toxicology to draft a re commended "model" law on labeling of many possibly harmful chemicals not now so regulated. Among these are "heating and cooking fuels" and other materials containing petroleum dis tillates as vehicles or additives. The A.M.A. Committee plans to consult other organizations and individuals who are interested in this problem, such as the American Academy of Pediatrics, API 07286 I American rue lie Health Association, American ?harr.aceutical Asszciatior., national Safety Council, "leading trade asso ciations", and various state and national government regulat:--/ agencies. The Subcommittee on Economic Poisons recommends that the M.A.C. transmits this information to the Medical and Health Committee to be sure that the A.P.I. is cognizant of this proposed "model" law and will be thus alerted. 5. The subcommittee recommends that the M.A.C. specifically pro poses A.P.I. Funds in the amount of $10,000 for the fiscal year 1957-58 in anticipation of acting on specific Research and Educational proposals in the field of Kercsine Poison ing from agencies outside the petroleum industry, in the following manner and amounts: a. $5,000 on the MAC Budget, for subsidizing basic research in treatment. b. $5,000 on the Budget of the Operating Division or Divisions (presumably the Marketing Division) considered most suitable by the Medical and Health Committee, for subsidizing an Educational Program. These amounts are being asked for the first year with the probability that the Educational Program will require annual contributions for several years. III. Other activities of the Subcommittee continue to be collection and dissemination of information about economic poisons of a specific or general nature, including revised lists of active Poison Control Centers, thought to be of value to M.A.C. members and their technical advisors. IV. The Subcommittee requests that this report be accepted by the M.A.C. Respectfully submitted, Subcommittee Members approving: J. W. Osborn, M. D. Chairman, Subcommittee on Economic Poisons R. C. J. V. C. H. M. N. Ralph J. V. Cole Hammond Hine, M. D. Newquist, M. D. Schneider, M. D. Osborn, M. D. Subcommittee Members disapproving: Hone. API 07287 ?c Minutes cf 2nd P U G E T '? SUECC. M U TES ON -~HY5i:Al AGENTS .auson E ar.ey, M. D., Chairman The subcommittee met on the morning of November 11th, all members except -- 5 being present, and in addition, several visitors. The chairman reported upon information received up to the present time as the result of a preliminary noise urve'/ procedure made available in August to all members of the M.A.C. Six Companies deserted their findings which were for the most part confined to refinery studies. seventh made available the results of a survey by the Subcommittee on Noise in 'r.d-5try (American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology). Using an overall jur.i level of 95 db for a period of kO hours per week as a criteria for dangerous sxtesure approximately one to eight per cent of employees was found to be at risk. principal creas and trades concerned were shops, canning, power plants, ccm- -,,.,,oers, furnaces, utility plants, purnp rooms, automotive laboratories, control 1 .;cms, drum cleaning, heavy vehicle and crane operators, turbiners, chippers, :-.uikers, boiler makers end pneumatic tool operators. In discussing the findings the following points were made. The number of reasons involved would vary in a given refinery from year to year and between re fineries in accordance with the type of operation. Individuals would have varied exposure beceuse of job changes. The difficulty of determining the cause of a bearing loss in an individual case will remain until adequate continuous studies are made of the environment and the persons at risk. At least one company repre sented has e well rounded program cf noise control for individual and community protection and is utilizing ear defenders where necessary. Another organization has she impression that the incidence cf hearing loss among individuals with exposure a lower degree than that selected by the subcommittee in its survey is significant, is was pointed out that the number of potential compensation awards may be great. It was the consensus of the .-sting that this brief survey should serve to alert all reibers of the M.A.C. to the potential problems of excessive noise exposure so that individual action might be taken for control. _ The subcommittee felt that its future activities in regards to noise should take the form of gathering and distributing to the M.A.C. information of significant value to its members on this subject. The matter of potential exposure to radio active materials and x-ray was then discussed. While isotopes supplied by the A.E.C. are adequately controlled at present because of regulations by that body, there may be a considerable number cf idiiticnal sources in refineries whose use is not strictly regulated. One situation as mentioned where injury was claimed but the employer had no adequate records to indicate whether this bad been possible or not. Many states have already taken action to see that sources of radiation are properly supervised and exposures are "corded. The regulations cover both industrial and medical equipment. Legislation '.os followed the lines suggested in the N.B.S. handbook number 6l in New York, 'ennsylvania, and Texas. Thro companies represented on the Subcommittee have ini tiated bread control procedures, while a third will do so in the near future. The importance of knowing the nature and degree of all potential radio active hazards ''os emphasized. The subcommittee proposes to conduct a brief survey similar to the -ns on noise exposure to gather together information which will indicate to what -xter.t a problem of control exists. API 07288 > '~ \ \Z) The subject of radiant heat exposure was then discussed briefly. It is recognized that selected acclimated groups of employees have been able to work under conditions which nay be considered extreme - ll+O^5 F - for the most part with few casualties. Among the companies represented by those members present no formal control measures were reported in use. However, it was agreed that it would pro bably be necessary to give this matter further consideration in the future as work ing conditions in general were improved. Respectfully submitted, Members of the Subcommittee on Physical Agents November 1 2 , 1956 Lamson Blaney, M.D., Keiffer Davis, M.D. J. W. Osborn, M.D. R. J. Potts, M.D. Paul D. Halley Nathan Van Hendricks Chairman API 07289 hat revisions of present Toxicological Reviews begin at once on: Benzene Toluene Xyler.e Cuner.e Kerosine Cyclohexane Methyl Cyclohexane Naphthenil Acids Copper Naphthenate Mesitylene Naphthalene Aromatic Solvent Butadiene Naphtha That the Toxicological Reviews not needing revision be appropriately stamped to show that no new information has become available since the Review was first issued. That the M.A.C. membership be circularized for new cpds for which a Toxicological Review should be prepared. That a decision should be reached on each review as received from Prof. Drinker as to 'whether or not it should be published as an official API publication. That $6,000 be made available to the Subcommittee for the year July 1, 1957 - June 30, 1958 for the continuation of the Subcommittee work. API 07290 Zz VLr.utes of 22r.i MAC Meeting pr 'V TCT ^'.n.r-rfr^r'T QJJ TIBUSTP.IAI. HYGIZiiZ TJ Hailey, Chairman On hsid. attendance v veneer l, 195&, the Subcommittee cn Industrial nesting at the Conrad Hi Iter. Hotel in Chicago. In P. D. Halley, Chairman Z. K. Daniels J. W. Hammond W. V. Hendricks L. E. Renes J. A. Spence In addition there were seven guests. Business consisted of defining the scope of the Subcommittee's activities and responsibilities. It was agreed that the Subcommittee be concerned with health protection problems common to the petroleum industry in general. It is recommended that its responsibilities be as follows: First, to advise concerning Industrial Hygiene matters related to those problems referred to it by the Medical Advisory Committee; Second, to seek 'cut and evaluate industry-wide environmental health problems referring to chose of significance to the Medical Advisory Committee with recommendations for handling when indicated; Third, develop and provide Industrial Hygiene practices and methods considered o f value in controlling environmental health hazards common to the petroleum industry. Several items were brought to the Subcommittee's attention for future consideration. Among these were the need for information on In dustrial Hygiene practices and for the possible study of metal carbonyls and catalysts such as cobalt-molybdenum. The Committee suggests that the Chairman of the Medical Advisory Committee appoint one or two physicians to the Committee. It is expected that this Subcommittee will be active prior to the April, 1957 meeting. Paul D. Halley, Chairman API 07291