Document ogXmppMvD76ag4VkNbXo0N8

HEATINC VENTILATING AIR CONDITIONING GUIDE 1941 also employ copper tubing extensively. For refrigeration use where tubing absolutely free from scale and dirt is required, bright annealed copper tubing that has been deoxidized is used. This tubing is available in a variety of sizes and wall thicknesses. EXPANSION AND FLEXIBILITY The increase in temperature of a pipe from room temperature to an operating steam or water temperature 100 F or more above room tem perature results in an increase in length of the pipe for which provision must be made. The amount of linear expansion (or contraction in the Table 4. Nominal Weights of Welded Wrought-Iron Pipe Noun?u, Pips 8ox (Inches) H % % Yt M l m 2 2Y 3 3H 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 O. D. 16 O. D. 18 O. D. 20 O. D. SCHES. ScHZD. 10 20 Plain Plain Ends Ends _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ 36.0 41.3 46.S 44.8 51.4 57.9 77.0 SCHEDULE 30 Schedule 40 SCHEDULB ScHgDTTI.l 60 80 Plain Ends Threads and Couplings Plain Emin Threads and Couplings Plain Plain Ends .. ............ ............... ... _______ .. ______ __________ 24.7* 34.3* 43.8* 53.6 61.4 80.5 103.0 .............. __________ _______ ... __________ 25.0* 35.0* 4_5_._0_* 0.25* 0.43* 0.57* 0.86* 1.14* 1.68* 2.28* 2.72* 3.66* 5.80* 7.58* 9.11* 10.8* 14.7* 19.0* 28.6* 40.5* 53.6 62.2 81.2 103.0 115.0 0.25* 0.43* 0.57* 0.86* 1.14* 1.69* 2.29* 2.74* 3.68* 5.82* 7.62* 9.21* 10.9* 14.9* 19.2* 28.8* 41.2* 55..0.... ____ ____ ,__________ ____ __________ S.8* 73.2 87.6 111.0 136.0 0.32* 0.54* 0.74* 1.09* 1.48* 2.18* 3.00* 3.64* 5.03* 7.67* 10.3* 12.5* 15.0* 20.8* 28.6* 43.4* 54.4 88.6 104.0 Weights are given in pounds per linear foot and are for pipe with plain ends except for sizes which are commercially available with threads and couplings for which both weights are listed. Weights marked with an asterisk in Schedules 30 and 40 are identical with weights for standard-weight Eipe in former lists; those in Schedules 60 and 80 are identical with weights for extra-strong pipe in former sts. The Schedule Numbers indicate approximate values of the expression 1000 x P/S. case of refrigeration lines) per unit length of material per degree change in temperature is termed the coefficient of linear expansion of that material, or commonly, the coefficient of expansion. This coefficient varies with the material. The linear expansion of cast-iron, steel, wrought iron, and copper pipe, the materials most frequently used in heating and ventilating work, can be determined from Table 6. The elongation values in Table 6 were computed from the follbwing formula: 328 CHAPTER 17. PIPE, FITTINCS, WELDING t`-^[l + <w) + i(Lrar)!] where it = length at temperature / degrees Fahrenheit, feet; Lo = length at 32 F, feet. t = final temperature, degrees Fahrenheit. a and b are constants as given on the next page. Metal 0 0.005441 0.006212 0.006503 0.009278 b 0.001747 0.001623 0.001622 0.001244 The three methods by which the elongation due to thermal expansion may be taken care of are: 1. Expansion joints. 2. Swivel joints. 3. Inherent flexibility of the pipe itself utilized through pipe bends, right-angle turns, or offsets in the line. Table 5. Standard Dimensions, Weights, and Diameter and Wall Thickness Tolerances for Copper Water Tubes* (All Tolerances Plus and Minus) Permissible Nominal 6m, In. Actual Outside Diam eter, Variation in Mean Outside Diameter, In. In. Annealed Hard Drawn WALL THICKNESS, IN. Class K Class L Class M Per Per Per Nominal missible Varia Nominal missible Varia Nominal missible Varia tion tion tion Weight per Ft Lb Class Class Class K LM Vs 0.500 0.0025 0.001 0.049 0.004 0.035 0.0035 0.025 0.0025 0.269 0.198 0.144 Y 0.625 0.0025 0.001 0.049 0.004 0.040 0.0035 0.028 0.0025 0.344 0.285 0.203 H 0.875 0.003 0.001 0.065 0.0045 0.045 0.004 0.032 0.003 0.641 0.455 0.328 l 1.125 0.0035 0.0015 0.065 0.0045 0.050 0.004 0.035 0.0035 0.839 0.655 0.464 m 1.375 0.004 0.0015 0.065 0.0045 0.055 0.0045 0.042 0.0035 1.04 0.884 0.681 m 1.625 0.0045 0.002 0.072 0.005 0.060 0.0045 0.049 0.004 1.36 1.14 0.94 2 2.125 0.005 0.002 0.083 0.005 0.070 0.005 0.058 0.0045 2.06 1.75 1.46 2K 2.625 0.005 0.002 0.095 0.005 0.080 0.005 0.065 0.0045 2.92 2.48 2.03 3 3.125 0.005 0.002 0.109 0.005 0.090 0.005 0.072 0.0045 4.00 3.33 2.68 3M 3.625 0.005 0.002 0.120 0.005 0.100 0.005 0.083 0.005 5.12 4.29 3.58 4 4.125 0.005 0.002 0.134 0.006 0.110 0.005 0.095 0.005 6.51 5.38 4.66 5 5.125 0.005 0.002 0.160 0.006 0.125 0.006 0.109 0.005 9.67 7.61 6.65 6 6.125 0.005 0.002 0.192 0.006 0.140 0.006 0.122 0.005 13.87 10.20 8.91 From Standard Specifications for Copper Water Tube of the American Society for Testing Materials, AJi.T.M. Designation B8&-33. Expansion joints of the slip-sleeve, diaphragm, or corrugated types made of copper, rubber, or other gasket material are all used for taking up expansion, but generally only for low pressures or where the inherent flexibility of the pipe cannot readily be used as in underground steam or hot water distribution lines. 329