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Cy Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 2~, pp. 245-249, 1978 MMiinnnneessoottaa, MMiinniinngg aanndd MMaannuuffaaccttuurriinngg CCoommppaannyy''ss HHaazzaarrddoouuss WWaassttee PPrrooggrraamm bbyy HHuugghh JJ.. VVaann NNoooorrddwwyykk,, JJrr..** aanndd MMiicchhaaeell AA.. SSaannttoorroo** Thisaedus ie ressDard wtprogr of 3 Company (fitMig20d This paper discusses the present hazardous waste program of 3M Company (Minnesota Mining and ot de Ee Lis Manufacturing Company). 3M's definition of hazardous waste and the company's position on hazardous Re ir To caoi hk ot he Spo waste disposal are first considered. The company position is that wherever and whenever the disposal of a ee mis,oS ob etSas heSupt waste material threatens the environment or public safety, then that waste should he considered a te ta se hePh at ep sie hazardous waste and treated accordingly in terms of its handling and ultimate disposal. The generation of Be co i Es sr ert. hazardous wastes and the differentiation of "hazardous" and "nonhazardous" wastes are described next. TR fr hd Handling of hazardous wastes from their generation to their di~posul is then covered. This includes a ea tei ed pt i lo nd 7 cn definition of internal 3M terminology and a description of the hazard rating system used by the company. et Stpete osee a a te ofMor Finally, 3M disposal practices are presented. It is 3M's position that thermal destruction of b=7~rdous ee Se es er Satcp wastes, where appropriate, is the best method for their disposal. With this in mind, 3M has constructed i tesbet ot emt oe rt incineration facilities throughout the country. The rotary kiln incinerator at the 3M Chemolite plant in a at Ge Dot esBie eto ore ett Cottage Grove, Minnesota is briefly described. Disposal of certain hazardous wastes in controlled secure ney tom land disposal sites is then briefly discussed. i IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn PPrriioorr ttoo ddiissccuussssiinngg hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwaassttee ggeenneerraattiioonn 20 Sanding 293 Sopos wn t Cperarons and its handling and disposal within the operations Tat compe 34Company (inescta Mingand that comprise 3M Company (Minnesota Mining and MMaannufuafaccttuurriinngg CCoommppaannyy)),, it is neceesssary ttoo rreecogg-- met How Sh dai hapacdons wants. A. nize exactly how 3M defines hazardous waste. Ac- ccoorrddiinngg ttoo 33MM''ss ddeeffiinniittiioonn,, hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwaassttee iiss oorr ccaannbbee aannyy wwaassttee mmaatteerriiaall tthhaatt mmaayy pprreesseenntt aaccuuttee oorr Chrome hazards tnt would bam tn environmen: caahnndrdo//oonrricaahffffaeezccattrdppsuubtblhliiacct wssaaoffeuetltydy.. hTTayrymppiicctahalel eeexnxavammirpoplnleemsseoonftf Do hazardous waste that would fall within the scope of tion Tate mae saves, om this definition include flammable solvents, toxic Subsiances, oxdiing material cic. Generally: substances, oxidizing materials, etc. Generally, ppaappeerr wwaasstteess,, wwaasstteewwaatteerr,, aanndd aaiirr ccoonnttaammiinnaanntt Comeiarocnost hazardous wastes byIMTS defini emissions are not hazardous wastes by 3M's defini- titioonn.. CCoonnssiiddeerraabbllee ccoonnttrroovveerrssyy nnooww eexxiissttss iinn bbootthh iinn-- due amd Government agencies on it how the dustry and government agencies on just how the orm ngardoen wis Sout 00 domed Mary term hazardous waste should be defined. Many Cra have boc developed (0 Tre ne a criteria have been developed to "fine tune" the Geina to what may of may Tot beclaseads definition as to what may or may not be classified as BE a hazardous waste. This inexactness of definition Fare IE position that wherever and has led to 3M's position that wherever and mTeo Goma. 5. Pal, Mise S55 * 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota 55133. Whenever the disposalof wast threatens the gayi whenever the disposal of a waste threatens the envi- rroonnmmeenntt oorr ppuubblliicc ssaaffeettyy,, tthheenn tthhaatt wwaassttee sshhoouulldd bbee ccoonnssiiddeerreedd aa "`h`haazzaarrddoouuss wwaassttee'" aanndd ttrreeaatteedd aacc-- sortie of ur ming od she cordingly in terms of its handling and ultimate dispomposal. " GGeenneerraattiioonn ooff HHaazzaarrddoouuss WWaasstteess WWiitthh ooppeerraattiioonnss iinn mmoossttoofftthhee UUnniitteedd SSttaatteess aanndd many Tough counties OM generates hazandons wmwasaatsnteye wwfhohirieccihhgnmmuucsosttubbneetrppirerosop,peer3rlMlyyddgiiessnppoeosrseaedted.s. PPrhroaopzpeaerrrdddoiisus-sSa ee ares posal means avoiding acute or chronic hazards that Donk i anSoonmens tor os pone would harm the environment and/or affect public sufly. Husardous whnon onginaing fom Mob. safety. Hazardous wastes originating from 3M op- ereartaitioonnss iinncclluuddee ssuucchhmmaattereiarlsaiassaddilrirtstyyssoollvveennttffrroomm coating operations. mother liquors from chemical coating operations, mother liquors from chemical rreeaaccttiioonnss,, ssppeenntt cclleeaanniinngg ssoolluuttiioonnss rreejjeecctt pprroodduuccttss,, nnoonnmmaarrkkeettaabbllee eexxppeerriimmeennttaall iitteemmss,, eettcc.. AR the ms oven pencred, 1determined At the time a waste is generated, it is determined Wheat te ae ember Or paar whether the waste is "nonhazardous" or "hazardoun DTW deerpnegon fs made bY ous" (Fig. 1). This determination is made by weighiog he potential egatee llcty of he waste weighing the potential negative effects of the waste on the environment and public safety if the waste is improperly GapToh dsekecrmidnai.on of bard: improperly disposed. The determination of hazardSe ont wo oe ous waste generation, in this context, not only inCoin eon of waste om exetig proseses cludes evaluation of waste from existing processes December 1978 December 1978 ERE 245 115522..00001 =] (eesor| vemosvon == === = mm=) hn s F257] his e--a--tt ce Flog,2Watsire, Bumbles120470m F]ou~u~ 1.3M Wastes differentiation. Purapablcs and nonpump- ables include both halogenated and nonhalogenated wastes. hes inceboth hlogesnad ntonkeaodg: Chlorine is the primary halogen of concern. ------ || &= 4 WWEETT SSCCRRAAPP| PuPmupmabplaeb/leC/hCiholroirinnaatteedd %.ER | ~AJOR CHEMICAL CONTENTS || FFIiGoUunRsE 22.. WWeett sap scrap llaibbeel.l. ooorrraootpopereryraaottfiiootnnhsse bbrueutsteaaallrsscooheiirnnccillnuuvddoeelssvettdhhaaittn fftrhroeomminttvhheeestillagabab--ottpiliroaoannnttooo.rffyMnnaoeefnwwtyhppertroiormddeeususcec,tatraffctoohrrtemmhrueulisnlaeatvtioipooolnvnisesn,,dtsooirnroffftrhrpoeormmoidnttuvhhceeetstppifiigollaoro--tt mmhpualualsnlaattbt.ieiooMennnaoondrryepplrtraiooymcceedees,ssss, addanetedvvteheillenoosppesmmopeemnonetitn,,tcsaaannsoeeefsnnpttierirroleeidmuppircrnootacctfeeeodssr,ssdhdwuuaaessetbettoeo"enttwhhheediecpplhaootyteweenodntu,tiilaaadllndoobffeinppurrnsooowddimuuecceliidnncyggasieaans i""tehhslaaimhzzaaainnrrddadltooieuundssg, waannadIdslf/tooaerr"wddaiiswsstppheooiscisahsalld..wetoeurlmdinbeed utonwbeie"ldnyonihnaziatsrdhoaunsd,l"ingit isissanuuIisfstuuaaaalwrllylayysllltaaeannndiddfsftii'dldllell.eteeddrMiminoniraanennedeeantnnovdvibroeimnor"mnroeoennnthnmaoalelnzyahsnsraatadfzfoeaae,ur,lsdlle,eol"gguyaaisltl swwaaansstitteeassr,,yssuulaccnhhdfaaissll.ppooMllyyeoesrsteteerranff'iddlmm,m, hhoiirggehh nqqouuanalhliitatyyzappraadppoeeurr,s, 26 raaennuddscceoorrarrnuudggaartteeedcdlccaaamrraddtbbioooanarrddpraaorrgeerffaiinmndsdiinnwggittthhheeii3rrMww.aayyNoiinnntt-oo hcrheuaauszzssaaeerrdddaoownuuisdsthwwiraenascst3ltaMeem.ss aaatrrieoentteeprrmrmoeegddraddmrryys sswccirrtaahpp 3wwMhhe.ennNddoiinss--- cussed within 3M. IInntteerrnnaall HHaannddlliinngg ooff 33MM HHaazzaarrddoouuss WWaasstteess unIIdffeaargwwoaeassstteeaniiosstddheeetrteerdrmemtiiennreemddinttoaotbiboeen,hhaatzzhaaarrtddooiusu,ss,,whiittettthhheeenrn undergoes another determination, that is, whether Ee oe waste x aes acren or a oe. tttthrhraeaahthahtazhazaezarradwdraodosuoutssuesssiccswrrsaaatipspltl""eh(a(iFsFziiaggar..d"o11w))u..es""tbW Wustecertdtaopsse"ccsrrnoaaoprpt""apnmmree"esaeaenxnnsts- etedhnnuarooteuutsgghhheacwhhcaaaozzsraatdrereddidsttosoetxibbltleerhahhahaazannazddraldlreeoddduoswuwsibittuhhstcdttrhhoaeepe.seexxnWtoterrtaalppprserrocosrcecaenep--t dmmmauaatryyeelsbbyeeakchhncaaoonnwrdddllleeeeddddgeebbaxyybtrlppaeeehrraosszfooanntrnnhdeeeolluhwwsazhhasoocrrdaaasrrpec.ofnnWoowtatestaatssescsiinrnattaipiswmwscooaruutaleplldd.ybbTkeehnettohhwpeealppeceedkrragssgeooiannnbnngleeelalonwwdfhhtlohoeahhaabhnnaeddzllaloeerfideestxxnthtogrreafahhwwaaezaztasatrrseddcsooruuaaspss sssguucifvrffafeiispcc.eetssThheiinemn pepparnrocootktueeagccghttiiinninggngfaottnhrhdmeealtiianinbovvenoolilltnvvogeeddsoaffppeteehlrryessodowinnsnenpeteollssceaarnanopddf gnssueiuvccceehhssswwtahaaressytmtee1..0endNNoioouspgoaahsddedidnoiitftfiiooorsnnmuaaclalhtiiiownnanffsoottrroemm.asaatFtfiiieooglnnuyreiidss2isddpdeeeoeepsmiemceetoddsf aaenreattcytyeippsioisccnaasalrlyiwwntevoeottdlivssseccpdrroaasippen llohaaafbbneesdlullciuuhnssgeewddaansfftdooerr.diiFinnsittgpeeuorrsrnneiaanll2gccdoooefnnpsswiicieddtt-secisrcrfaariatpcip.oa.ntTsTihohiinnifssvotllheaalvbbeeewldlasppintrrooehvvaiainddndeedsslainsppsgeeocrraissanotodenndnedelilshpwwaoizistatihrhndgasa.nnofiddSweuecne-t tlliaafbbiceelalsstioaarrneeofffootrrhiiennttweerrannsaatlel uuasnseed aaannsddsonncooiattterreedqqhuuiairrzeeaddrdbbsyy. DDSuOOcTTh (t(DhDoeeuppgaahrrttmtmheeennttDOooffTTTr"raFannlssappmoomrrtatabatltiieoonnL))iqrrueeiggudul"laattliiaoobnnesls,, haaalls-- though the DOT "Flammable Liquid" label has been incorporated on some wet Scrap labels to fbfsaateccaieilnnlicitteaaisttne.e.coTDDrhpOOeorTTreatllaeiasbdbeealloiinnnsggersriroeeemqsqueuoiirfrweemesmiteexnnisttccsseraniipnnwelssaotobmmeseelcsriiatnnop-- llsraatababtenielnlcssge,s,stt.(hhteeoTmmbhaeeajrjodoeririsititcsyyuosoafsfewwsdehhrliiiaccethhserhhoiaanfvveetsphipirxsreteeppperarinpiennrtwt)ee,eddthuhassazeczadrararidpdn rtcthahlteeoisnppugrrrsooepp(oeteonrr biiwdedeeetndntitsisicffciriuccasaapstt.ieiodonnoloaftfaearnndidn fftohorrisiinpnffaooprremmra)a,ttiiuoosnnedddiisisn-cplaocEEskxxuattrgrreaianhhogaanzzawaanrredddtoolsuuacssbreasslpccirn.raagppr,,eiiqnnuiaarddeddmiitetiinootnns ttfooormmeweeeetttiinnsgcgrttahhpee, piisssaocmaakllewawogaaniyyenssgwuuahnnnodddeelrirasbttkhehnleeionwccglooenrntedtrqgroouellairbeaalmnnedde//anoosrtrstssfouuopprteehwrrevveiihtssaiiszoocannrradoposf,f ttpshhooaasmttaeltthohpenereeeoxxcwtterrhdaaouhhraaeizszsaakrradndnoooduuwssrleessdqccgurraeiaparpbeppmlerreeenssateessnntttshos.a. vtSSheppeeebccheiiaaeazlnladdreiidssss--tttpaayobbpslleaioislshfhpeewrddoascbbteeeedyy.uoorHnneaddszawwarenedtdtsssrwccehrrqaaiuppcihrcceoowmnnoseusinilddtdeserrqahauttaaiilvooiennfssybeaffooewrrnattshehtisiesstacaysospuaaelnndoeefixxwnttcrralaasuhthdeaae.zzaHamrruaddtzooaauugrssednsssiccwcrrahaeppifcfhrreaacwttthhsoee,urrledttxhhqtaaurnneaaalmiefwwyefeatlt awssmccamrrsaaatp-ep cbbeoixiluaittlmyd,p,liooenrrsceeluxoxdpfpleleooxsmsitivvureeatahppgarrezoonappirecedrrotetuiifesefssecsooctfsfr,atthhpeeexatwwrraeeasmtsceteea..rfbTTloayymnppimitcceaaatl--l rersaapxcceahchmlilaooplrrliieddlsaeeb,,oeleef,ttehhsxyyitllmreeiannlheeaarzooaxtxoiridddteoeh,u,esaawnnseddctrnnasipitctrrroaaormpmeeeltctahhabaarenbnlesoe...n OpOtrnenotee-svvwpiaiddseeetcsseia.iilnnttleaerrbnneaall,l iisddieemnntitliiaffriicctaaottiiotohnneaannwddeiitnnsffocorrrmampaattliiaoobnneoolsnn, sspuurccohhcwaatBBsertgreeeo.araikkeiisnnggis wwaecetctomsspcclrriaaspphedddoowbwynndeiitnnettroomimmnoiornreegwsshppeeetccihiffeiircc ctthhaeetegwwoeerttiesssccirrsaaappcciioss mpppuulmmispphaaebbdlleebyoodrretnneoornnmppiuunmminppgaabwbllheeetaahnneddr EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall HHeeaalltthh PPeerrssppeeccttiivveess 11115522..00000022 halogenated or nonhalogenated (chlorine being the Table 1 for explanation of hazard ratings). The halogenated or nonhalogenated (chlorine being the primary halogenofconcern) (Fig. 1) Pumpabie wet. whit portion of the ourcolor diamond is reserved primary halogen of concern) (Fig. I) Pumpable wet Scrap consists of homo- or heterogenous hiquid So for special considerations of the waste: water reac: scrap consists of homo- or heterogenous liquid solutions and mixtures. Nonpumpable wet scrap 1 tivity. designated by the symbol W, and poly lutions and mixtures. Nonpumpable wet scrap is made up of contaminated flems such as used filler merizabilty. designated by the symbol P. made up of contaminated items such as used filter cartridges, gloves, aprons, off-spec products, tc., Generally speaking, waste having a composite cartridges, gloves, aprons, off-spec products, etc., and iso includes very viscous liquids. rating of greater than 23.0 health, fir, instability, and also includes very viscous liquids. Control of halogenated wastes is attempted by respectively) is considered to be cxtrahazardous Control of halogenated wastes is attempted by 33MM ttoo mmiinniimmiizzee ccoorrrroossiioonn eeffffeeccttss oonn ccoommppaannyy iinn-- cinerators and to minimize acid mists which result scrap" includes waste having a composite rating of fcfrrionomemratththoeersiinancnicndeirtoanteimornionaoifmtfttiihhzeeoessnaeecwiwdaasmstteeisss.t.sEEwxxthtrricaahhhaarzzeaasrruddl--t ous scrap has no such further breakdown (i... dry scrap and extrahazardous scrap, waste is clas ous scrap has no such further breakdown (i.e., pumpable or nonpumpable, chlorinated or non sified&5 wet scrap. pumpable or nonpumpable, chlorinated or nonChlorinated) andis handied on a case-by-cbaassise. In addition to 1s own internal labeling system, chlorinated) and is handled on a case-by-case basis. Many of 3M's wel scrap sireams and some ex- 3M meets DOT requirements for labeling, marking. Many of 3M's wet scrap streams and some ex- ttrraahhaazzaarrddoouuss ssccrraapp ssttrreeaammss aarree nnooww bbeeiinngg rreeuusseedd oorr rreeccllaaiimmeedd.. SSiinnccee 11997744,, 33MM hhaass bbeenneeffiiteedd by mmoorre tthhaann ttwwoo mmiilllliioonn ddoollllaarrss aass tthhee rreessuulltt ooff hhaazzaarrddoouuss waste recovery operations waste recovery operations. IInn aaddddiittiioonn ttoo bbeeiinngg ddeessiiggnnaatteedd aass eeiitthheerr wweett ssccrraapp or extrahazardous scrap. 3M's hazardous wastes Wetscrapandextrahasczraaparrednoormualsly or extrahazardous scrap, 3M's hazardous wastes aallssoo rreecceeiivvee hhaazzaarrdd rraattiinnggss ((FFiigg.. 22)) ttoo aaiidd iinn tthheeiirr hhaannddlliinngg aanndd ddiissppoossaall.. TThheessee rraattiinnggss aarree hheellppffuull should an emergency situation arise thal requires disposal of fs own hazardous wastes. These in- should an emergency situation arise that requires quick action. They quitefrequentlyare used, how. cinerators are located on 3M manufacturing plant quick action. They quite frequently are used, howver, for considerations ofa long erm nature, 4s Sites at Brownwood, Texas: Cordova Tiiols: ever, for considerations of a long-term nature, as might be the case with environmental or public Cottage Grove, Minnesota; Decatur, Alabama; might be the case with environmental or public safety considerations.Hazardratings assigned toa Hartford City. Indiana; Nevada, Missouri; and safety considerations. Hazard ratings assigned to a hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwaasstteeaarreeffoorr eemmeerrggeennccyy hheeaalltthh,, ffiirree,, aanndd ~~ iinnssttaabbiilliittyy ccoonnssiiddeerraattiioonnss.. TThheesseerraattiinnggssaarre mmaarrked on a four-color diamond (bin, red. yellow, and sophisticated rotary kiln incineratorlocated at 3M's on a four-color diamond (blue, red, yellow, and white, respectively, for the above considerafions) Chemolite plant in Cottage Grove, Minnesota. IM white, respectively, for the above considerations) on cither the wet scrap (Fi. 2) or extrahazardous believes that thermal destruction of hazardous on either the wet scrap (Fig. 2) or extrahazardous Scrap labels. The ratings range from zero (0), the wastes, when appropriate. 1s the most environ- scrap labels. The ratings range from zero (0), the leleaassttsseevveree,trtoofefoou,urr ((44)),,tthhee mmoossttsseevveerree,, ddeeppeennddiinngg oonn tthhee eemmeerrggeennccyy ccoonnssiiddeerraattiioonnss ffoorr tthhaatt ssccrraapp ((sseeee Table 1 for explanation of hazard ratings). The white portion of the four-color diamond is reserved for special considerations of the waste: water reactivity, designated by the symbol W, and polymerizability, designated by the symbol P. Generally speaking, waste having a composite rating of greater than 2-3-0 (health, f'u'e, instability, respectively) is considered to be extrahazardous ssccrraapp rreeqquuiirriinngg ssppeecciiaall hhaannddlliinngg aanndd ddiissppoossaall.. "**DDrryy lsleecssrssaptth"haainnnc11l--u22-d-00e..s BBweeattswwteeeeehnnavttihhneeg ccaoocmmoppomospsioittseeitreraattriainntgignssgffooorrf dry scrap and extrahazardous scrap, waste is classifted as wet scrap. In addition to its own internal labeling system, 3M meets DOT requirements for labeling, marking, aanndd ppaacckkaaggiinngg hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwaasstteess aass ppaarrttooftf thhee ccoomm-ppaannyy''ss hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwaassttee pprrooggrraamm.. DDiissppoossaall ooff HHaazzaarrddoouuss WWaasstteess Wet scrap and extrahazardous scrap are normally ddiissppoosseedd ooff bbyy 33MM vviiaa iinncciinneerraattiioonn.. 33MM ooppeerraatteess sseevveenn iinncciinneerraattoorrss tthhrroouugghhoouutt tthhee ccoouunnttrryy ffoorr tthhee disposal of its own hazardous wastes. These incinerators are located on 3M manufacturing plant sites at Brownwood, Texas; Cordova, Illinois; Cottage Grove, Minnesota; Decatur, Alabama; Hartford City, Indiana; Nevada, Missouri; and W Whhiittee CCiittyy,, OOrreeggoonn.. TThheessee iinncciinneerraattoorrss rraannggee ffrroomm ssiimmppllee oonnee--cchhaammbbeerr sstaattiioonnaarryy iinnciinnerators ttoo a sophisticated rotary kiln incinerator located at 3M's Chemolite plant in Cottage Grove, Minnesota. 3M believes that thermal destruction of hazardous wastes, when appropriate, is the most environ- mmeennttaallllyy ssoouunndd mmeetthhoodd ooff ddiissppoossaall,, pprresenntts tthhe ffeewweesstt aanndd sshhoorrtteesstt--lliivveedd eennvviirroonnmmeennttaall pprroobblleemmss,, BeClass HealtlP FieFire Insti Instability Tae~1. 3 bard rings Rating 4 Bum ai omer 4 3 SEV haanun special praca coing 3 3 Haran he wlSedmak or spec venation 2 i ae 1 0 . Extremely dangerousfi ad xpi bard 4 3 Fi a pi vad er pers 3 3 Ni be ebeted shove TE 0 un 2 i Mt be prebested shove 207 tahu 1 . Vi:fom 0 ` Extreme explosion har:Vacatearenmater 4 3 Soerttexloroion aed 3 3 Vin me change possible 2 i Uns ses I o Nom sani 0 Table 1.3M hazard ratings: Definition Extreme hazard: do not enter vapor or liquid Severe hazard: use special protective clothing Hazardous: use self-contained mask or special ventilation Tk ona Irritating Like ordinary teil material Extremely dangerous fire and explosion hazard Fire and explosion hazard at normal temperatures Must be preheated above 100F to burn Must be preheated above 200F to burn Will not burn Extreme explosion hazard: Vacate area if materials are exposed to f~re Severe explosion hazard Violent chemical change possible Unstable if heated Normally stable Hehaar es any Sneed Somat of een fo sor From 3M Safety Memo 138, Safety Engineering Department, 1969. Health hazard refers only to concentrated contact or inhalation for a short ime.time. December 1978 December 1978 7 247 11115522..00000033 ififaannyy,, aanndd eelliimmiinnaatteess mmoosstt hhaazzaarrddss aassssoocciiaatteedd wwiitthh Hin on com teat Cons OL 5 rn such wastes. he Si Smaller incinerators, other than the Show: atench Ehanber, Vemar sciuber, and 8 The six smaller incinerators, other than the CChheemmoloilittee iinncciinneerraattoorr,, wweerree ddeessiiggnneedd pprriinncciippaallllyy ffoorr tthhee ddiissppoossaall ooff ppuummppaabbllee hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwaasstteess.. HHoowweveveerr,, iinnccoorrppoorraattiioonn ooff ssppeecciiaall eeqquuiippmmeenntt oorr procedduurres has resuulltteed iinn tthhe aabbiillittyy ooffh hala fooffl tthefse it hcrmors i dest sod huardous ware, sohcre small incinerators to destroy solid hazardous waste, wweett ssccrraapp aanndd eexxttrraahhaazzaarrddoouuss ssccrraapp aalliikkee.. `TThhee 33MM CChheemmoloilittee iinncciinneerraattoorr iiss,, aass pprreevviioouussllyy meionch, a sory i miner wih eng coped seein und GPO hee. Thest are mentioned, a rotary kiln incinerator with a design `hheeaatt llooaadd ooff 9900 mmiilllliioonn BBTTUU//hhrr ((2266 MMWW)) ((FFiigg.. 33)).. puget aban 8 pup Smee dig pe dod This heat load is divided between the rotary kiln ppoorrttiioonn ((tthhee pprriimmaarryy ccoommbbuussttiioonn cchhaammbbeerr)) aanndd tthhee sseeccoonnddaarryy ccoommbbuussttiioonn cchhaammbbeerraatt aarraattiioo ooff 22::11 oorr oo BTUhe 18 My ao 30 mion BUN posed: ecauaeofhr chemical or physical nature, 60 million BTU/hr (18 MW) and 30 million BTU/hr (9 MMWW),), reesppeeccttiivveellyy.. TThhee aavveerraaggee bbaasseelliinnee pera empesatnes ae HOE (B00) in he Parlof avs mets compound. operating temperatures are l l00F (590C) in the priimmary chammbbeerr and 1600F ((887700CC)) iinn tthhee sseeccoonn-danrdy `cchhaammbbeerr.. BBootthh cchhaammbbeerrss aarree rreeffrraaccttoorryy lliinneedd.. emo to nth theml shoromment of Total retention time in the thermal environment of tthhee iinncciinneerraattoorr,, wwhhiicchh iinncclluuddeess tthhee pprriimmaarryy aanndd eon chambers and vig hameer beeen 9Mhas devloped a systematic and logical proce secondary chambers and a mixing chamber between he Comoston chamber. bo 0 thr seconds dupefo dean wih shards wines Hom th the combustion chambers, is up to three seconds Be rE i ae depending on the combustion air flow. The mixing Or semen Bore aloes spmtmion By Fok Sen 1 esogmiEne, Bastrdoms aves om chamber assures more effective combustion by TE rani mixing the gases prior to their entry into the seconRm dary chamber. Resultant inorganic ashes and those oe dram, Wh be dropped ough te fod ows sens rit enhanced by the rent metal drums which are dropped through the feed i ot the ray Minar Eoecied th cod of om of sh wise i wet scrap nd exabazard chute into the rotary kiln are collected at the end of Tp the kiln by means of a continuous ash removal sys-- aa, tem. SII cop doug pt 4 Air pollution control equipment following the ckandany omboSion hemes ooues (atthe Svea dog padre an diposl operations. secondary combustion chamber insures that the in- cciinneerraattoorr''ss eemmiissssiioonnss ccoommppllyy wwiitthh tthhee MMiinnnneessoottaa eh Pollution Control Agency's limit of 0.1 grain of parDE Td on oie ticulate matter per dry standard cubic foot ((00..22 gg//mm?3)),, ccoorrrreecctteeddttoo 1122%% ccaarrbboonn ddiiooxxiiddee..TThheeaiairr pollution control equipment consists of a quench elbow, quench chamber, Venturi scrubber, and a mmiisstt eelliimmiinnaattoorr.. TThhee rreessuullttaanntt ggaasseess ffoolllloowwiinngg tthhee aaiirr ppoolllluuttiioonn ccoonnttrrooll eeqquuiippmmeenntt aarree tthheenn ppuulllleedd tthhrroouugghh aa 550000 hhoorrsseeppoowweerr ((337700 kkWW)) iinndduuccttiioonn ffaann,, foorcceedd uupp aa 220000--fftt ((6600 mm)) ssttaacckk,, aanndd eexxiitt ttoo tthhee aattmmoo-- sphere. AAlltthhoouugghh tthhee mmaajjoorriittyy ooff 33M M''ss hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwaasstteess aarree ddiissppoosseeddoofbf byy iinncciinneerraattiioonn,, ssoommeeooff tthheemm ggoo ttoo controlled secure land disposal sites. These are pprriimmaarriillyy hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwaasstteess wwhhiicchh aarree nnoott aammeennaa-- ble to disposal by. incineration due either to their iinnhheerreenntt cchheemmiiccaall oorr pphhyyssiiccaall pprrooppeerrttiieess.. TThhoossee hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwaasstteess nnoott iinncciinneerraatteedd,, bbuutt llaanndd ddiiss-- posed, because of their chemical or physical nature, ininvvoollvveeffoorrtthhee mmoossttppaarrtt tthhoosseewwasastteesswwhhiicchh ccoonnssiisstt partly of heavy metal compounds. SSuummmmaarryy 3M has developed a systematic and logical procedure for dealing with its hazardous wastes from the point of generation to their ultimate disposition. The first step is recognizing hazardous wastes from nonhazardous wastes. 3M has implemented criteria and guidelines to do this. 3M's handling of hazardous wastes is further enhanced by the differentiation of such wasies into wet scrap and extrahazardous scrap categories. Additionally, the hazard rating system employed by 3M enables the emergency considerations of the wastes to be immediately available during handling and disposal operations. 33M M''sspposoistitiioonntthhaatt tthheerrmmaall ddeessttrruuccttiioonn ooff hhaazzaarrdd-- ous waste, where appropriate, is the best method for the disposal of hazardous wastes points out the Pa SECONDARY a --- COMBUSTION Re os CHAMBER QUENCH r-'--I os [1 PUMPABLE plor.e) KA J ------ CHAblBER. =} ~ J STACK so rome -- | = 2 NON PUMPABLE ~I wl l HA S>o / QUENO~ ELBOff VENTURI ~ MIXING CHAMBER SCRUBBER MIST Pot. Comte mor he FIGURE 3. Chemolite incinerator schematic. ELIMINATOR us [-- Environmental Health Perspectives 11522..000004 ccdioosmmppopsaaanlny.y''ss3Mccoobnneccleeirrennvesffoorrthapptrroocppoeemrrplhheaatzzeaarrtddhooeuurssmawwlaasdstet-ee dsssttairsrfupuecctotytsiioaoplnn.roee3blliMilmmeimibnnsaaettlaeeisesssvommecosiosasttttheeeadnnt vvwciiiorrtomohnnpmmtlheeeentntetdaailtlshpaaeonnrsmdditappiluoubnbdllioeicc-f ttcshhaoiinfssetrtttyoyylpplpeeerdooo,bfflsweweamcasutssrete.ea.,ssDDloiaicssnippdaootsdesaiadsllpwooofsfiathhhlaazztshiaaterreddsd,ooiuuswssphowwesaniastsitioteennscsioniin-nf controlled, secure, land disposal sites, when incin- eterrhaaottriiooounngiihss nnioontvteffseetaaissgiiabbtllieeo,,noiissfpptrrhaaccettiiccseiedtdebbtyyo 33bMMe oounnslleyydaafafttneedrr tddwheaeotsteretorremumigwinnhiaatthtiiinoovtnnheesootffisgitttahhetee.ioccInootmmpiosapft3aittMhbi'beilsilisittiotyypeoiofntfotitohhnbeeethhhuaaaszzteaadirrnddaootnuuhdsse ffrwueuacttutsultrreyee rwmmeoioutrhsreeedtaahnonerddsrmmiteoeocr.lreeaItihhmiaaeszdza3afrrModdroo'suursesoupswwieana.sistoteensstwwhiailltll ibbnee tddhiie-- rectly reused or reclaimed for reuse. DDeecceemmbbeerr 11997788 22499 11115522..00000055