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t X * dfa. This- effect was not csll^ivision. MC, which iselMith 9-aminoacridine s in the SCE induction nts. However, the differlould be taken into conatt leucocyte test system ndly supplying the acril analysis of the results, for her technical assis- onal Cancer Programme Mutation Research, 67 (1979) 97--100 Elsevier/North-Holland Biomecbciil Press Short Communication COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE FREQUENCY OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS AND THE SCE NUMBERS IN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES OF WORKERS OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO VINYL CHLORIDE MONOMER M. KUCEROVA, Z. POLIVKOVA and J. BATORA * Pediatric Department of Postgraduate Medical Institute, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Prague, Srobarova 4S (Czechoslovakia) (Received 31 March 1978) (Revision received 15 November 1978) (Accepted 23 November 1978) t sensitivities o( sub*populations iin the first Gl-prophase of the on with PHA. Hum. Genet., 35 tberration yields in the human E frequency and cell kinetics In cycle time in culture measured 3-465. imor compounds, XII. Biologic mnoacridines, Arch. Immunol. I K, Onoszko, A search for antiw l*nitro*9-amlnoacridines and tng of sister chromatids. Nature ige and chromosome aberration tl. Cancer Inst., 9 (1977) 289- sensitivity of phytnhaemaR&lu7 (1973) 367-376. romatid exchanges of restricted 4. 3--201. tumour inhibiting compounds, ,nlki Chem,, 51 (1977) 1725-- U There are now available plenty of authorative data on the carcinogenic [ 1--1, 13] and mutagenic [1,2,10] activity of vinyl chloride monomer. Increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations detectable in peripheral lymphocytes of chronically exposed workers has been reported by numerous authors [4--6, 11,12], We have repeatedly analysed, using routine cytogenetic techniques [8], 3 blood samples from each of 9 workers occupationally exposed for 10--27 years to relatively high mean annual doses of vinyl chloride monomer (about 20--150 ppm of air). In the third blood sample series we also used the SCE technique [14] and compared the frequency of detected chromosomal aberrations with the number of SCEs in each sample. The blood samples from 8 healthy persons were used as controls and were collected with the 3rd blood sampling from the vinyl chloride (VC) workers. The control persons were matched for age and sex and they were not exposed to known mutagens during 3 months before Lhe time of blood collection. The results are summarized in three tables. Tables 1 and 2 show the instabil ity and non-homogeneity in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations over a period of two years. Mostly chromatid and chromosome breaks were detected; chromatid and chromosome exchanges occurred only sporadically. Table 2 compares the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and the num ber of SCE per cell in 7 blood samples. There is an apparent increase in both parameters in comparison with control levels. The mathematical evaluation of our results was calculated only for the 3rd collection. Conventional aberrations m VC workers were non-homogeneous. SL 041587 * District Hv&jenic Station, Prievidza. l. This effect was not .'II division. MC, which c ( m,n,: ,,, Mutal.un fiescort :: {/,' | ] l)7<> j [*"] im I >.At rfi* O \ UWMII| 98 TABLE ] CHROMOSOMAL ANALYSES Ol 9 WORKERS Of t, IP ATION A LLY EXPOSE!) I O V in \ L CM Et> HIDE (TYPES OF ABERRATION) Ex posure (v cars) Abei ram .vlb r-> I- 11 25-1*7 1 2 3 J.P l 1 i rt 2 3 KK 15 17 1 2 3 AH 14 - Hi 1 2 3 M.M. 13-15 1 2 3 EJ 12-14 1 2 3 .I.K . 12-14 1 2 3 b .M 1 11 13 2 3 A T, 10-1 2 1 2 3 H cuntrols (mejn) ii 0 n 4 2 2 2 7 3 1 1 b 0 1 7 3 fi I1 1 4 3 1 2 1 4 1 3 1.8 Numhet of chromatid breaks /1 00 cells 5 0 Ti 4 0 1 2 6 3 1 1 2 0 0 3 1 4 2 0 3 3 1 ] 1 > 0 0 1 Number of chromatid exchanges yiOO cells 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of chromosome breaks /10U cells Number of chromosome exchanges ;i00 cells 40 00 43 00 11 01 00 00 0 '0 00 00 40 00 01 40 0] 20 80 10 10 00 00 10 00 10 10 30 0.8 0,2 Number . despir.i 100 cvi|. I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1* 0 0 0 Tin* frequency of SCF.s was significantly higher in cells of VC workers in com parison with controls. The level of significance was P < 0.001, according to the f lest. The detailed control data are in Table 4. The medical histories, and the smoking and drinking habits of workers tested are presented in Table 3. Smok ing and other habits of workers appeared to have no effect on the frequency of any chromosomal changes. Our positive results arc contradictory to findings reported by Hansteen [7] who did not observe any increase either m the frequency of aberrations or in ilie >( 1. numbers Howevei, the subjects examined by tins author had been ' 111'"c 1 1" 'civ low doses ol \mvl chloride (0,1 ppm) and only for the lela- t'C-'v diori iviso -, ' ; v. o \ r TP i. , 11 e, .a-oi -u -i c i,-i n, ,> . t i, -e vni. TABLE 2 CHROMOSOMAL analyses of 9 W RIDE Exposure vears ppm 1st C' aberr (%>a X T E.H. J.P. K.K. A.H. M.M. E.J. .1 K F.M. A.T. 25 27 \ 5-17 14-16 13-1 5 1 2- 1 4 12-14 11--13 10-12 Mean 8 controls (mean) 20- 150 20- -80 1 5- 70 20 150 20-90 20-150 20 90 20- WO 20-90 11 4 2 1 0 3 1 1 4 a 100 cells were scored per sample, b 50 ci'Us were scored per sample. c Significantly increased in comparison w induced chromosomal changes the vinyl chloride monomer. Our results seem to lead to routine and SCE -- are equall mutagenicity in vivo. The incr The sensitivities of the two r about the same. SL 041588 TABLE 3 medical history, and smoking Diagnostic radiation Smo E.H. J.P. K.K. A.H. M.M. E,J. J.K F M. - - + - -- ^-- -- + t ~ -- -- + -- ++ AT 99 ilLh 2 'IDMOSOMAL W'Al.YShS OF 9 WOHKEHS OCCUPATIONALLY KXPOSED TO VINYL CHLO- \ POSH! l - ~ irs ppm -- 1 si collection rtbi'iiam cells (C) *' 2nd collection aberrant Cells <",,) < 3rd collect ion ------------ anerrant cell*. 27 1K I7 1 i* { 1 ;> !1 1} 1 .1 - 12 2 0. i ;>o 20 MO ') 70 20 i ;>u 2< OP 20 1 ro 2 i *o in 00 2 0 `.IO 1I l 2 1 0 :i l l 4 0 2 7 1 1 -4 2 1 tin j 11) >< oi m: 1 u ere m > pi i -v.1 i:,pli' i-p .(- *r< <1 !"! viinpl* mi h rii r- uvd it* < omiMnson with omtrol \ alucs 11 e 2 3 i> 7 `` 11 1 3 1 J o.2 ! 1,3 18 + 04 -- see'n il h -- ] 7 50 9 5ti 1 o 02 c 1 3 2li c 3 0 41 0 10.00 1 2 22 c 13 80 t 1.13 9 41 * 0 40 luted chromosomal changes depend both on dose and length of exposure to e vinyl chloride monomer. Out results seem to lead to a conclusion that the two cytogenetic methods -- uline and SCK are equally suitable for testing of high-dose vinyl chloride ulageuieiiy m vivo. The increase of SCKs m our results is more homogeneous. ie -.I'usiinaties of the two methods to detect mutagenic activity seem to be lout lIn mine III.i :i niC.M Ills I mn , AN1) SMOKING \ND UIUNKING HABITS OF WORKERS TESTED 1 )un in>sin r,ii',iti*>n Smoking Drinking Drugs 1 Mcnrohamat Pjpavcrin Chloramphenicol S> ntoph> lljn 11 Sntulan M lit ntophylim Ih'lhispon 4 Superp vrin 1 himpii^miii 6V 1 *I :v 1 K ,, , . fV r* H, , 4jir ?< > 5 f '1 An: i 1 CHROMOSOMAL ANAiA MS /1- KC ON I ROLS Ah> m ant evils 11 n> hCI /('I'M Smoking Dnnivinc Mk ,T h \Mt .) s h H, M.Ku 7y H^ Mean 3 0 3 3 1 1 2 1 18*04 10 88 8 Tl 10 30 10 1(1 10 -lh 8.2(1 7 UJ ** 02 0 41 + 0,40 +* ++ 4 * * - rf 100 cells -v ir>` scored ihj umiik1 50 cells c. ere stoud pi r Miiiplc, The controls v\ ere not exposed to Vris > and iinsjts at the time o f h I* **I c ollerti. -n References 1 Dart sell, ] I . C M.U.i \ ')!! and R Mon tosa:t` * 1{u mull , kit .t; i . I iiimiv In < min itm 1 e<I in u | ,i c'iiii i1 v > l \ ill v I chloride in s / \ ,o fi nun > tu nt M i ..ms In t (`(iin i * ,1 5 ( 1 u T 3) \ 2' I3 7 2 li-i rise h, 11, and R Mi'iUimiih, Miu.ip'itic ,i:id oiiu.ieiii'mi t t fed % .f \ m s i ehhnu! c, M u tut ion |( \ 32 (1975) 93 - 111 3 Oietfh .1 1- . and M \ lohnson. \ n pie arco :n u of '.he liver m the nn.ilul.n tore of polvvinsl chloride, J. Oi oil), Med .. 1 (> ( 1 i*7 4 130 1 *) 1 A DuidunAJi, V , K Ilirsi l.horn and J .1 Sdikoff, \ m\ 1 chl'ruh e' n->sut` and Muniaii rhiniTiuMime aber- rations. Mutation Km,. 31 (1 *j7*>> I *.3 I R't f> hunrs C'tdwolo, ! , H Lambert, ,1 Lindslen, 1, I h.-ennerp, \ I Sakna'an and S OsterniunRiolhur, Chronn isonic dhci'ratinns m ' \ others e pused o , m \ 1 chlond' , ! un . :, 1 i 1 l'T 3 > !,!, (> Hunsteen, 1 L , L Hlllcstad and ! Hms-I n Iisni, ( h>o;nns'nr. clothes in u*>rkrn e\pns0 t< \ i r i \ t chlondc. Mutation Res.. 38 < 1 9 7 it > 1 1 J 7 Huiislern, l I, , ('htiiiunviin' bre.ika^e 11 < <gumu \ ami msi< * eh ro*>i.itnh . ' < h,i i , in Pvt.' u . - id r rx two \iats aller exposure, A follow nip stufj\, \bstt.ul >| i> tn i n i i n.it i > *n..l ( li i on. os-im > (-.nf-Knei Melsink*, \upust 1 `J 7 7 H Hu n^er tm d I), A ,. 1 ,i`iihoc\ u s # u 1 n t. d fin'n s>u ,il1 m>i ja * t > h- de l>' . id , ml on ; n at l< >u o l note pll.iv r!imMinMii!i"ib' 11 oit Hi1 u! w 11 h h\po' uot h < 1, M ain I < . h m d H i ( 1 Rh 3> 333 1 ;S 1) I'.iiMhn.i M . CviocenetH ana! \ m s , -; n , tnall . n r < un ox. ,in. s , n> i Us . ,d . e * - i \ In i s( n i... i n.u .. I . . m l. ns) Mutation Res,, *1 l (l'lTh ) 1 23 MM U> 1 oprieim, \ K, Ilai.ih S R o on> . i!| ( ` |t., ( . limn/i'Ul \ ( a n i me] h n, . (. i i-jcn-in i, < ( * o (. liuMM. C Lcpuniti, R Men, \ M IImv {i 'st,.;n and tj I mh. I valuation of tin ,,.mt cf fee Is md in e d h \ i n v | i ld> > ride in'non i i v (_ M ) under ru an i in alia't m l.i l>o| i< and m \ i\ c* >1 ..dies Mu la i i> .n R < s J () ( ] li a, i K't U<i t iv a l>ol i ) U \ 111 11 purchase, I I I { , ( R u he 11 Non and I > \ nth' i son, ( h i um o ... in e1 an i il o on Ii.m l lethal f f t is f v m chioruie. L meet. 11 < \ * 7 ,`>) 110 III, 12 purt hasc, I t 11, t' Hu iuiilson and l) \nih |so;i, ( h o nil " a, a I . it. . is in p. i jphi ral I \ in |*ln u \ li pme Ro\ Sot Med , *>d (1 P7h) 2dn 2u 1 13 \ uda PL,, \ Humid mi! \ h a put o 1) n<u ..'e tuc i esi > ms. < i 1 a skm, Iuik.s .mil ln>n>-v t<> um 1 rhlii ride C .nicer Res., 3 I 1)071)510 522 14 Wolff, S and 1*. Pop , Di f fen nll.il (.i"ui.xa stauimtt "I sisd - 11 o un at id s ai id the stud \ of sislei clu o mat id e\t halites w ithovi t au ttu ad un:raph\ . I'lirumoxoma. t K i 17 t; :n 1 353 SL 041590