Document oeGQXMGzxY7xa9aKrdkdnNjeo

0007--SWP--040510 873 Handbook 0007-SWP--040511 0007-SWP-000123902 0007-SWP-040512 0007-SWP-000123903 mi; iJeSltJjtN JPigments scrupulous parties have used variousother substances, in whole or in part, as a substitute for Linseed Oil. Some of them have seemed at first to serve the purpose, but none have proved equal to the article they are imitating, and only result in reducing the actual value of the paint; therefore we must accept Linseed Oil as the chaef vehicle for carrying, the 4`coloring matter" (dry pigment) of the paint, and the only other liquids which should be used in connection with this aire such as assist in the propei spread ing, drying and hardening, to insure constant consistency , oi to adapt a sur face especially for subsequent special coata of |j?int or varnish, and none of the added liquids should be used in properJion- larger c'f smaller than are required it? eause'in some manner the complete mixture best to fulfill the purpose for which' if is intended. Now as ito the 4* coloring matter," which we shall; from custom term the pigmeitis, meaning ithe dry material be fore umtihg-to^thd'liquida.; Their pur pose is to `give body or consistency and color* to ihe prepared paint, and * it is very important' that as fax as possible thore pigments Should be used which re- roam >ou hfc -irorfece rto-which the paint is appUedas lung'sE*.-possible, .unbanned by cxp0fn2ire,,'.'Some^ofthe principal'pig-meD-te osecl a re'carbonate of lead., oxide ' j *;: of zinc, oxides of iron (yellow ochre. Venetian Red, umbers, etc.), and several others, oi both natural and artificial pxo-daction. The characteristics of these articles are very imperfectly understood by the public. Unfortunately, works on these subjects have not been published In any great numbers, nor have they been introduced in any of pur ordinary' schools', and -the indiscriminate use of paint pigment has been governed by the mercantile dassonly* So it is no wonder that the subject of paint m the scientific And chetrical relations of its elements are so little known by the public generally. But times are changing, progress is being made in all directions. Quite a revolu tion has taken place in the last genera tion in ' the knowledge and use pf the material we ate discussing. - Many, improvements have been made Jrnptove- and arebeiugrriadcin paints. The color minis of-a desired paint .bexngi decided upon, to select suoU fttiaterials as arc best suited ,to the ultimate:ends.Bnd the use, oi them 3n such proportions one to the other as .also secures.the faults, sphere the or. manipulator finds employment 4o% his best skill. The all important element, Linseed Oil, which has already, been fjtttfc, fully explained, beiag,^cy^ptcd .as^ibelli/e^jving element of the .pfixpt, ike of^tei should be to unite with the oilrSveh pigments in such pro- *5 M-ry. ;*w'- 07-SKp_ 040513 0007-SWP-000123904 portions as saitl lest withstand the infinesse/ brought to hear upon the painted surface, and prevent itfrom disintegrat ing andperishing, as every one knows it will, sooaer or later. On a surface in the best possible con* dition it i= desired and expected that the pigments and vehicles will remain united so as to wear out together. Now as most single p,gments are, from their natural qualities, not best suited to all require- m-rt-, pra-rtral exp*rVrut ha led uj b' sei't tihi md cr.en'-al l.njv.ledg; C` rr-s irL cla" n .-no n]-,^ , nJ L'ltinp sue pvn -r`. s a: --e.-ie ne p'lrwae *-'1 Nearly all tie lr,,.L Ino* i p, niertj h, ie .heir adv.vUje, an d ,ad an 'gse. Ta'-e for in>ta-ioe, the ae'i White e<td^o-n sr.h e t tie Lad It has iLl -d int in o/tr utlers if pii t[ fir ,-uvr or Cl vet-ng -- cr. but then it I _s a q u intace n th-t it re-ji-irer -,,;,c ol .t `tbrr.er.. g vtn su'fic'' ih-r '.`dees ,, ronir othe* -fn4e JiVir,*at., : r,j i r(i um y.j.'d d .icc,:" .... idl, >, ,vhci Jg-e, i d:--d"t atage i- th\t -he i used hloi" ir wood or -pv tiinii su-`acj, 'i it<: "he lhi-c> d oil h ir lost v- i-Iil i ,aty '.'I 1 nji mt w r i-iim d c-j.i.olctc divmg , 'I lea -s tJn- 1--,1 i.. ;hr { ,r,, . { m i > ju'r l' ; :i- n. 1'iT ph-t-.-p , . ft v i .i1 .11 r .i"': .u <; thet" 1,7' 'n. r 1-C1 f sto so. I ` I* I'Ms'Tidt1iic- i I i- c'-i ill* .*<, In Vi, CXw nrr i j)t>i *r*H- tion of this fact is frequent where exteriors of buildings have been covered with pure while lead paint, when say from a few* months to two or three years one may, by rubbing the hand over the surface, find the white powdery lead coming off like flour. Almost countless insian ces of this have come to our notice, where the house owner who had believed that pure white lead was the best paint to use and .so had taken pains to have it applied, seeing the result, in his ignoranceiof the real nature of the article has been ready to blame the manufacturer or the painter, believing the paint was not what was -represented. Now we may speak of the merits and zinc demerits of another white pigment, name ly, oxide of sine. This in its nature is quite the.opposite of'lead in the matter of its particles, they having: an affinity for each other, joining together and forming. -as it were, an almost imperviousii film, so that even after-the oil has: dried out, if -the 'Surface waff'in good condition the film still remains.' .Another advantage of this pigment is, :in Consequence of the -shape of Its particles, .j l given quantity will spread over a far greater surface than other -white *pigments.. Now what are -thedisadwmtagesv&fsiinc ?*The onlyione ^^jnportance--'is-`fek*a fault ,'whcn the surface on>whidrthe paint is used is in 'proper condition; but -when' applied to porous'surfaces after the oil has become S&gSp$ "aSMs-V**- ' 0007-SWP-040514 0007-SWP-000123905 ' V . . ,:.'4 . ... completely dry, heat and cold acting differently on the outside surface and in the structure back of the film of paint something must give way, and naturally the film of paint cracks and peels off in pieces instead of powder, as in the case of lead. The- reader should not con clude from this that all instances of paint peeling off result from the use of zinc, far from. it. There arc other "causes. Comparing the two pigments as above, we have fairly illustrated the charac teristics,of other pigments, and yet there are others that have certain merits over either the shove, but possessing other faults., or being of undesirable color, todcrive-beuelit from them .fire f/.must be used within -*.certain-*.limits, jSO.Jhat'jthfe jjiaai .result; will be'a positive(advantageTo./go on further .with illcstratioius ;;of pigment/ .would;: carry- us . intj ja, great variety -of color -pigments . beydnd * the Acope' of. this; sirticie^dnasmach-tas. when certain colons sire -demanded they'must ibciuaccl* fbecaulse.to change-theji:characf*r would, jdiange -the cotoftri.-AQer .the kdiote quite lengthy explahado*jpfrpause IsmcJ:effect3in the..-component iparts .of paint, Ernest. t V -pfoiavjj ftt>J ovem&f ihe .nazssfiny qi#al/zg)jA&'xcqutr ed- ip jffkz thcs&rieUri&ls tind-frum ike kxeuiiidgt*fsreffts<inith<tr.M{e, .put fieri together. iicirtiethifpTitp'ortia&s sstd-.ia itch aimannet i.-t/idl 'tfi'idhe durability6nd,leaisly_-ef.tke-.painted,,svr~ face will h all lhal is pastille in human peruser to accomplish. There are many reasons why paints Machinery prepared by machinery are better than us. hand paints prepared by hand. made Remember in paint miking, as in every other line of business, the world has progressed, and is progressing. Things have changed ; they have ad vanced ; they have improved. People not so long ago, used to grind Qanfoa their own com, spin their own yam. They used to bum candles and travel by stage coach. They don't now. When a woman spun her own yam, and ground her own com, she felt she could do this work better than it could be done for her by machinery. She had been doing it so long and had become so accustomed to it, she could not all at once, trust it to anybody else. It's the same with paint. Painters Painters have been so long mixing their own paint, in their own way, it?s hard for them to believe it can be done as well in any. other way. . . Habit is strong. But improvements p,,,,as always make their way. It's the world's * habit to progress--it's the survival of the fittest all the time. Prints prepared by machinery are. an improvement over paints prepared by band, sud_ ti;ey unjj .make their way-- just as sure as...die sun risedjijnji,.sets.. : -i.? 0007-SWP-040515 0007-SWP-000123906 *?:!-S- 'v. S-I. '" OS' ?- V Perfect Method A compari son wtik lead and Oil Hedies THEfollowing comparativetable shows the difference between the Lead and. Oil process sind Perfect Method, and gives ninb ol coats and number of days between each coat of each on bodies- 1.EAD AND OIL. r P` ERFECT METHOD. NO. > BOPiaS. i: PrEtnJnc 6 dayi 3; Patty 3; Soa Paper; . itlayi 4. <>ii Load 3 day! *. Putty S. 1% . . . i. >1 ddaayy 3. Coat Body Fillsr 1 day 4.. Coat Body Filter 1 day a day 'i'r x day 5. " V ` Filler 1 day fi. . 1. Filler * day jv t 4 ,.; Filler 3 day. i*i flab vat .'1. - wx ddaayy*. F. Guido Coat 5- Rub Oat ` 301 Let Stand ; ,, 1 a day ii Let Stand : . 13. lie-puny i! * i .i Re-putty ' 141. Sand for Color lid Sane for (Color tji lias Color i a day as. Flat Color a$. Colot.V'ntab- 3, days ii3*.CoUr V*iaU if. Hair off ii ; i. Clear RuWiiny 44. Hair off nvCIearKuItjbtnf 1 day i day 1 day ' 1 day jdays- so. Kali one ' |i I'ldivKab Out as. Fiaht!; / i;t Fiaish soOpentiona >1 *S da.yt 17 Operatsocii . jjday*- Undsp thf.Lead mod Oil System you will noiice`*'Ho v)%half and IialL.. This 3S. a.5^,of-.batf.Lwd -and ;h*l Hough Stiti'vhizh.fi used-by most painters in custom-shops, -takes the place, of a ccs.t of,Hough ^tuff. Some |>ainLers do- nox use a guide coat, where Ihcy not it is.not .necessary to use it with Perfect Method.;. j! `. .. . ft is barely.possible that some painters- will not give six. days for priming to dry with the Lead and Oil process, but more will give a Longer time. You will notice under No. is, in the Lead and Oil pro- cess we say "Rub out, two days'*; where, they wish, to rush tbe work they may let it stand only one day after the last coat of Rough Staff is! applied before rubbing out, but oftener they would let it stand longer. . We have endeavored in this table to be as conservative as possible., as to the length of time required to do a first-class job in a custom chop with Lead and Oil and we have not shortened the time nec essary to do a first-class job with Perfect Method.' It is customary in both meth ods bn Ijistom'work to give more than one coat of Clear Rubbing for a first-class job, but as'-`the time for these coats should be the Eame^ whether Lead; and Oil were used o l perfect Method we have taken so accountionL' ' We next a comparative table ?bowing lhc difference Itctwecn the Lead and' iDil JpKM'xsss `and Perfect Method, and giving the number of coats and num ber of daysTiecwcen each coat for each, 4M icnniog parts. 0007-STO-040516 0007-SWP-000123907 .Running parts LEA. AND OIL, PERFECT METHOD. KmWmG TAKTSi Kt'HMIKG MRtS. ii. Primiue 4. &y* s. Primuae sday 1U Pultv : day *. Putty or Glaure t day i|.i Band fiixi il : Oil LctlJ 3 : 3. Sand Paper day* [. Putty1 <)... Sana Paper y.\ Dead Lend a dayt 4. Gear filler 1 day (L Sandpaper I tiny : util Color Virfitih x dajri 5. Solid Rtifebinp 1 day ; 6 Hair off i:u Clear Rubb-n# a Cftjrs 7. Clear Rubbtoz x days. i;jd Rub Down 8- Rmb Down XdilStrims 7 c, Stnpe ' f ^" !; sis. Pinixh 1 day ye'Ope radons if days [so operations 7 days. Asitithe case of the table prepared for body work, we have eodeayored to. re duce die number of (lays required for tie lead and Oil procesfi} the fewest pos sible hmit necessary.foj;!good painting. Several of these 'opptations would be f;i/tn .longer time! ordinarily.. Some of tlem/might be shortened slightly on a. rush, .but we have tried hr be as fair as possible. ..The.table ;.| briefly to Brush rLead,. wlsiph ii ip|..K,i' 'with a- lirnsh. ..Pi. fra, lilieir ii`.np K'ih Lead, which Is dj.j.iieil uill! a r>su! then iobbed in n ilia V e Liu pI, 'might not use both a cm: o' < )i! I r.i :1 p-ii*. a < oat o Dead load, but would be obliged, in order to produce first-dess work, to give The Rub Lead right lor. ten days to dry, lim'd die labor of | applying 'one coat of Rub lead would hie equal, autd probably cost as much, el s to apply a coat of Oil $ Lead and Dead Lead with a brush, and the time would be even longer. We not only save time on each of the undercoats, such as primer and filler, but we save coats, and the labor of ap plying them, which constitutes our sav ing in cost. We do not claim that our Priming costs less than Lead Priming or our Filler im^r, less than chum that a coat of Lead; we save coats and but we do labor which st aving causes a vehicle painted with Perfect Method to cost no more, if as much, as though painted with Lead and Oil. Oil lead fa,a Lead containing little Turpentine ior, Japan,.and while not as dastic^as.an'Oil.Pritning.is more elastic than the Dead Lead, which fa generally made-,ffm-|the keg dead thinned with Turpeptine.and^Jittle Japan to make it dry-,.;';Cti!WjJiprtiiifertW <eiaployed in the Lead 'and ; Oil process;; .fa .either made frpjn }Qfg& RflbMRgi-nad Japan Color tiuimetinjdt>K0ijsjtil, .Turpentine which qapses rffdp febJe^fa^Uystic. thanClear Rubbing^Variifa^^M^plsp gt.is manufact ured by. the Varnish maker from Dry Color and CiMfbparnfah, It is not so Strong as the'SotiffTOTbmxig Varnish and FlatjColor. fally ,4!^j^BlW4f9>psecband*!first'prepa^of^aftVftdloriScdid. Rubbjng, 0007'SWP-040517 0007-SWP-000123908 tmr is tougher and more elastic than Color Varnish made from Japan Color or Color Varnish made by the average Var nish maker. Under Lead and Oil process, No, n means that the Color Varnish is nibbed .with curled hair, or moss, to clean off 3ic,y specks that may appear in the Color Varnish, or on lit; it also roughens the tiurface of the Varnish slightly, or rather removes the gloss, and produces a sur face over which the ' Clear Rubbing can toe used without; crawling, Under; the Lead and Oil process,- No. rg means that theClcai Rubbing Varnish is rubbed withj pulverized pumice stone and water so as to produce a'perfeetty smooth surface/* * - =- - ' Perfect Method Gear Filler-Aground o f fine as any Flat Color and r applied with a formalhafr brush." !,|t 66tuieijuenfly irequirfe no -sanding. * 1 br.. Running parts should be sknded with No', o Sand ^GoarferSamtl^aper elite1to5 'deeply!fend'i<rats Sown gather 1haa itMObths the surface Samples. ' SaihpleU should PcvfrWtWciiyticepi JRreesamples .wheri-tiMJiTusa -by'ttf? partftftetftchce tuVothe^Slreilih'sUmdfe fhif SR'lJohtMUise wil I lfc irfiadc W tthetn ftithounjchW, and br.'y fcafjrirnl j.-rn'Jo'mske'lKe neces sary tests or rift!,-flie'iinattdr'lo%e 'fol ia lowed up by inquiry, whether the sample has been used and with what result. Free offering of samples is hurtful and wasteful of our goods. Complaints regarding matching of special goods may be avoided if samples Savipln fa sent in conform to the following specifi- match cations. ` Disregard of them adds need lessly to the difficulties of the Manufac turing Department, and materially to the possibility of failure. First: The goods should be taken from bulk, in jthe form in which the goods are purchased, and should not be in tbei form in which they are used, un less used without change. Seconds Ther-sample! should be of sufficient size to permit of thorough in vestigation, - Never less than one-half pound of paste, or one-half pint of liquid gokjds. Third; Samples should be so plainly and ^distinctly labeled as to be easily identified* : . 'FokriK; 'Aj specific [-statement as to bow the goods are used; or what is ex pected of; tbem?j,-carefully written out in full, should accompany each sample. .......... *es.:x,... '. . KSi obda afepilt tfp regularly in sizes of paj:kflgfnriodioiipd/ih ithc :list. Other sires are only-putniptwhen '-very large t? 0007-SWP-040518 0007-SWP-000123909 Weights and Measures. -''-Weight of ijnseed: 02;'United States Standard,J 7yz ' lbs. '-tcf* thtf;gail&n Im perial, Canada, 9 lbsl:Tl'h^ v." V1' ? ? r Weight of Turps; TJflited*'States Stands 7 5 lbs. * to' the galldn;-''-Imperial, Can&da, R# lbs.' / 1 *- - ' Site of United States -Standird `gallon, 231 cubic inches, -- : ' < -.* Size of Imperialgallon! *1f cubic inches; "--v* * " Usual method of mixing Strictly Pure White Lead, as described in National Lead Co/s 1898 circular. 1 oolbs. White Lead inOil' 4 5 lbs, Tinting Color galls. Raw Linseed Oil . 1 pint Turpentine > Makes .about 6% tr. s.' 1 pint Japan As mixed at our 1898 Convention: iooIb;i. White. Leadin 0111 M . 4 galls. Raw Linseed Oil I , TI o y2 pint turpentine i pint Japan f '5L, ' ' J * * 1 gaLlon of U, S. Lead and Oil as ordinarily mixed by painter will cover 425 square feet, two coats. 63 0007-SWP-000123910