Document oe7D5vejENXeGdexrrDVykndg

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY MIDLAND, Michigan June 24, 1969 DOW-1345 STO000315 warren, FSU #6, 189 Building ` . . Wood, FSU #11, 49 Building U Ahlich, FSU #2, 759 Building . .. - Vender Klip?, Distribution Department, 572 Building Madden, FSU #10, 222 Building Bradley, Plastic Prod. Maintenance, 433A Building 3 . B. Holder, M.D., Medical Department, 607 Building H. L. Gordon, K.D., Corp. Medical Department, 2030 ARC D. B- yorse, Safety Department, 401 Building c M. MacCuocheon, Safety and Loss Prevention, 2030 ARC R. J. House, Division Accounting, 256 Building REPORT BC T2.1-1-64: "A SURVEY AND EVALUATION OF PIPE COVZRERS * EXPOSURES TO DUSTS FROM ASBESTOS CONTAINING INSULATION MATERIALS ENCOUNTERED DURING ROUTINE PIPE . COVERING OPERATIONS WITHIN THE MIDLAND LOCATION OF THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY" . Please note the following corrections in the above report dated March 21, 1969, by R. A. DeGesero. Page 6: Line 5, change rappcf to 4.2 rappcf.. Page 7: Line 10, erase 0.037 under the last column entitled Time-weight Factor: Asbestos. rage 8: Line 7, erase 0.176 under the last column entitled Time-weight Factor: Asbestos. Line 14, erase 0.162 under the last column entitled Time-weight Factor: Asbestos. Line 22, change the last entry in the last column entitled Time-weight Factor: Asbestos, from 4.5 to 4.2 mppef. The above alterations in no way affect the conclusions or recommendations of ohis report. R. A. DeGesero Biochemical Research laboratory 1701 Building 6-4755 RAD:sjl Biochemical Research Laboratory The Dow Chemical Company A SURVEY AND EVALUATION OP PIPE COVERERS' EXPOSURES TO DUSTS PROM ASBESTOS CONTAINING INSULATION MATERIALS ENCOUNTERED DURING ROUTINE PIPE COVERING OPERATIONS WITHIN THE MIDLAND LOCATION OP THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY Pile: T2.1-1-64 Date: March 21, 1969 By: R. A. DeGesero Signed Checked Date Date --PRO7-B--L-E--M- Supervision requested that the Environmental Research Laboratory survey and evaluate c~ .-rent levels of pipe coverer's exposures to dusts from asbestos-containing Insulation materials commonly used within the Midland location CONCLUSIONS 1. The present Threshold Limit V^lue (TLV) for asbestos of 5 mppcf will remain in force until 1971* Barring Information to the contrary, the TLV will then be lowered to 2 mppcf (million particles per cubic foot). 2. Men are encountering time-weighted exposures to dusts from insulation materials containing asbestos approaching but not exceeding the present TLV of 5 mppcf. ST00003I 6 QCCmoTnrrcrs. , , 4 . u 4 1 ,. 2 3- Hen are encountering time-weighted exposures to dusts from Insulation materials containing asbestos exceeding the proposed TLV of 2 mppcf. 4. if exposures are to be reduced to wlthip tentatively accepted levels (2 mppcf) either the use of asbestos-containing insulation materials must cease, or pipe coverers must be protected through effective use of approved respiratory devices and/or local ventilation. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Pipe coverers should be educated to the true hazards associated with the several types pf Insulating materials they presently use. 2. Pipe coverers should be made aware of the several ways of protecting themselves during unavoidable, potential exposures to dusts containing substances known to be highly toxic, such as asbestos. 3- In the future, pipe coverers should be educated to the true hazards associated with any new types of insulation materials to be used, prior to use. S700003 I 7 3 /' PRESENTATION OF DATA Indoor pipe covering operations were surveyed from 12/24/68 to 1/22/69. Outdoor pipe covering operations were surveyed from 2/20/69 to 3/5/69- Air samples to account for "miscellaneous" portions of the pipe covering functions were obtained from 3/1/69 to 3/5/69- Sampling and Analysis A total of 141.breathing zone samples were collected in midget impihgers and^analyfc-. mployin^standard light field microscopy techniques for determining dust concentrations from insulating materials containing asbestos. Concentrations found In samples were expressed in terms of millions of particles per cubic foot of air (mppcf), according to the following formula.* moDcf (mean particles/quarter field) x 4 x 1000 x sample volume *-t-r-3 (pump flow) x minutes x 3*51 x 10~^ min. liter ST00003I8 *Patty, F. A., INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY, Vol. I. Second Revised Edition, p. 198.  The means and ranges of concentrations found during sampling are listed in Table 1. Job Analysis and Description " An environmental Job analysis provides an estimate of the frequency and duration of men's exposures to dust concentrations surveyed. The Job analysis expresses as per cent of the day ( day) the probable time distribution of pipe covering operations, averaged over several months. On any given day the pipe coverer's routines can be expected to var. om the estimate. The Job analysis reconciled input from discussions with pipe coverers and supervision, observations during sampling, estimates provided by an Industrial engineering time study, and a questionnaire filled out by the pipe coverers. A sample questionnaire is found on page 1 of the Appendix. The questionnaire requested that men estimate the per cent of time per day they spent working with the most common insulating materials. Men's averages were converted into ratios of time spent day) per operation and material, and are listed in Table 1. Thirty-two per cent (26 men) of the Midland coverers responded. Responses concerning rarely used materials (e.g., cork, styrofoam, some putty adhesives, etc.) were set aside. Other Information furnished by the coverers Included: 61 00001S 5 Average age: Years covering within Dow: Years covering outside Dow: Wear respirator? Which materlal(s) are the dustiest? UO years 16 0 Yes: 17 men ; No: 9 men Kaylo: Plberglas: High temp.: Superpower: Mag oxide: Aircell: 16 men 14 men 11 men 6 men 2 men 2 men ST 0000320 Time-Weighting Exposures Men's exposures to dusts from asbestos-containing Insulation materials were e: *' i.-d by "time-weighting." The exposure frequency and duration (* day) to each material is multiplied by the mean concentration in air of each material, giving a set of "time-weighted factors." The "factors" (product of * day x mean concentration) are then added up for the eight hour day: 100$ Time-Weighted Exposure - E 1*0 % day x concentration 100* or,- * (time-weight factors) 1-0 6 Table 1 lists the % day, mean concentrations found, time-weighted factors and ranges for each material encountered In the listed operations. The time-weighted exposures to dusts from asbestos containing materials were 4.9 mppcf (Indoor operations) and 4.5 mppcf (outdoor operations). rv 7 Table 1. TIME-WEIGHTED EXPOSURES OP PIPE COVERERS TO DUSTS PROM ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIALS Operations Materials % Day Concentrations (mppcf), Mean Range Time-weight Factor: Asbestos Remove MIX Cut Apply Air cell Kaylo Mag oxide Flberglas No. 1 Plus Armentite Superpower Air cell Kaylo Flberglas Others Air cell Kaylo Flberglas Others No. 1 Plus Armentite/ Superpower 1.2 1.6 0.2 2.0 1.6 0.1 .R 58.6 2.2 0.6 15.8 19-9 4.5 2.6 4.8 2.4 11.4 11.2 2.8 13-7 0.3-24.9 3.7-20.5 1.6-4.6 1.2-33.7 13-4 2.2-30.5 9.6 2.7-13-5 34.9 '19.6-6.14 3-0 U-7 1.7 0.6-6.2 4.9-23.I 0.8-2.6 --- 5.7 5-7 2.4 -- 9.6 2.1 0.2-16.4 0.4-22-3 1.2-3.8 -- 1.1-39.5 0.9-3.9 0.137 0.179 0.006 --- - 0.219 0.010 -- 0.177 1.030 0.037 -- 0.901 1.123 -- -- 0.461 0.050 Clean up removed covers Stocking ; get new covers Move to Job, set up Breaks, lavatory 3-0 2.0 5.0 15-0 8.5 2.4-24.6 1.0 0.1-2.3 2.0 1.4-2.9 1.4 0.1-3.9 0.255 0.020 0.100 0.201 Time-weighted exposure to asbestos containing dusts (indoor) In mppcf Z ^rn n n n i 6 Table 1. CONTINUED Operations Materials Remove Mix Cut Apply Air cell Kaylo Fiberglas Others No. 1 Plus Armentite Superpower Air cell Kaylo Fiberglas Others Air cell Kaylo Fiberglas Others No. 1 Plus A rmentite/ Superpower Clean up removed covers r.tocking; get new covers Move to Job, set up Breaks, lavatory 9*1 Concentrations (mppcf) Mean Range 1.2 5.2 5.1-5.2 1.6 9*0 3.6-14.0 2.0 10.0 5-5-20.2 0.2 -- -- 1.6 0.1 0.8 ep 0. c 2.2 0.6 9.6 17.0 21.3 2.5 9.4 2.5 5.9-12.5 14.1-21.6 13.1-25.4 0.9-3.4 6.3-7.4 I.4-3.8 -- 15-8 19.9 4.5 2.6 4.8 2.4 1.5 0.3-3.5 9.2 1.9-17.9 3.6 -- 1.6..-.6.7 1.4 0.3-2.3 5.2 3-5-7.9. Time-weight Factor: Asbestos 0.062 0.144 0.15^ 0.017 0.176 0.148 0.827 0.237 1.831 0. 162 0.067 0.125 3.0 2.0 5.0 15.0 8.5 2.4-24.6 1.0 0.1-2.3 2.0 1.4-2.9 1.4 0.1-3.9 0.255 0.020 0.100 0.210 Time-weighted exposure to asbestos containing dusts (outdoor) in mppcf ST OOO0323 (9 Threshold Limit Values (TLV) > A TLV describes that time-weighted concentration of a material to which men can be repeatedly exposed for eight hours with no adverse effects or- th. A TLV indicates a mean concentration which can be exceeded, provided there are corresponding exposures lower than the TLV. At present the TLV for dust containing asbestos is 5 mppcf using standard light microscopy techniques. Based on best current information, the proposed TLV of 2 mppcf would provide better protection. A two year trial per preceeds acceptance of proposed TLV's. In 1971, 2 mppcf will be the TLV for asbestos, unless better information during the interim casts doubt upon the proposed figure. This report evaluated current exposures using the proposed standard of 2 mppcf if the material in question had even trace (<;5%) asbestos content. Manufacturers were consulted regarding the composition of the Insulating product(s) found in common usage. The following table lists these materials and the per cent asbestos plus the appropriate TLV for thr material. c *iZ C n n n n I Sb. 38 a *o 6 jnoC s b0 o (M O o oin CVJ o o CM OJ o oin o CM o 00 o o o * VO gLO CNJ v~> Ov 6O. aW b c c ab c c o 2 CD CO OM $CD * $ *CD o as Ov s tv n 3 P> 001 <V0 O -H 2 oJJ 0 tro* E3 T3 -o iOnv Oj o h-- & E OO OB o *o> ctco b I in v s o * $ >in#. i w>4 >-i > B D B V B O B *o <<< B bV > oO Bb > oo 0U3 > o0 L03 4>1 O CJ u 2 a43 V cp% b 3 2 oos S ca 3 B 23 CM S H vo g to > C s I e c Sc W9 H0 c> >k a b oEo o0 > 2 o0 cino c bc o V a c X o 2P AV* 0b 2 8. Cb o E o > T3 C 2a OE o too r0-1 to b A --tco cb o0a1 c o Ho > 2