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FILE NAME Manville JMA DATE 1950-1956 DOC JMA164 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Diatomaceous Earth Studies with Memos Minutes Letters & Report Re . oO fees Y 3 o! woes ~ } Went : wey . WILTSH Hal 73 M M.D. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... __ ... AprilApril 29 1952 SNe gs | 1008 Dey He M... e ... 1010164 1010164 1010164 Fad aware At esee 125 ** * WO 10387A des 10387A 10387A 10387A PLAINTIFFS 36 Qugefen (20008. ~ Nite SCH 11-11-79 SCH SCH 11-11-79 11-11-79 11-11-79 11-11-79 Cw: Dr. Anthony Lanza Medical Consultant Johns Manville Corporation 22 East Fortieth Strasb Strasb New York 16 New York oo , ; . ; Dear Dr. Lenze - . _ - . F ' At Dr. Smart's sanding monthly bulletin which has been Health As you can see not routine request I an restinaly restinaly distributed the subject matter of you a copy of a by our Bureau of this issus is Adult so i e called partially Distribution had already been partially made before this was had the attention of the Division Office Office and althougah lthough we I temporarily discontinued distribution distribution think think think we shalshlall look less uous if we send out the rest Had we seen the the draftin this office office I think we would have postponed a discussion of this subject untuntil il some future thing isdadtoene Certainlyw,e would have done some editing however the i : , Sincarely _ Sincarely yours SO MK Chief Assistert Frederi~ NKriete N.D. Assistert Division of ta Preventive Medical Services | a ones SND Oo ate eee ee ~ nae oe em _? | a pad . }c > on. . ; nw cae:Y) Great Lakes Carbon Corporation Corporation Han 18 EAST 48TH STREET NEW YORK 17 N. CABLE ADDRESS PETROCARBO NEW YORK TELEPHONE ELDORADO 5-6200 August 28 1951 Manville Corporation Twenty East Fortieth Street | New York 16 New York Dear Page He Diatomaceous Earth Pneumoconiosis Investigations Shortly after our visit to Saranac Lake I forwarded samples of the diatomaceous earth quarried and processed at Terrebonne Oregon and Basalt Nevada to Dr. Vorwald Since that time I have on several occasions telephoned or written him and asked that at his earliest con- venience he finish his analyses To date I have heard nothing ray findings There are four employees at Terrebonne who have had positive One is a positive TB two are possible l's and one is a probable - There are no employees at Basalt who have had posi- , tive chests I have asked Dr. Vorwald and Dr. Smart to give me their opinions have further on this subject and I asked our laboratory to run a complete materials analysis on all three i.e. , calcined flux calcined and natural earth from Terrebonne and Palos Verdes and the natural earth from Basalt Nevada re ee | e A [e DRT bk Sincerely 7 -- Donald R. Tellefsen Copies sent to A. S. Elsenbast 9-6-51 A. B. Cummins Manville Research A. J. Lanza M. D. ie e 3 htei iC Sey hee 2 1. Elsenbast af He 7 References on Dusts Silion and Silicosia we sent you they are available Woodard which you requested Weare sending toyou A number of copies of literature references on the above being complete complete duplicate set of these references original sent Whiwce hwere to obtain have not been received items to as soon The list references folm Exper M. Purdy Brit L. PurdPuyrdy M. J. Poisonous Properties of Colloidal #ilion Brit J. Exper 1924 pp 238 50 2. Gardner L. U. and Cummings D. .: The Reatc o Fitne i andoMedn ium Oxide Farticles | and Aluminum Am J. Path 1993 751-63 .: 751 Interstitial Caused Various Kettle by 3. a E. Reactions Their Influence on Tuberculous Infections J. Path & Path Bact b Haldane8.1 Tr Inst Min Eng 551265451264 1917 h Prevention * 4. Denny J.JRobson W. D. Irvin D. .: The 11 Canad 2" cosis by Metallic Aluminum M. A. J. 4012131939 Dusts and 351395 1932 of 8ili- pp 213 ' 38 Silicosia Indust * 5. Gardner L.V. Silicosia Dworski M. and Delahant A. B. Aluminum Therapy in 5 J. Hyg & Toxicol 261211 1944 pp 211 23 Experimental * 6. 7 589 95 Silicosis Mining 7. Brauner F. Antidotal Rosks and 1939 pp | Canad J. 601589 Haynes .: Dust Inhalation in Guinea Pigs J. Hygiane B. * 8. Belt T. H. and King B. J. Failure of Alumimm to Prevent Experimenu tal Silicosis J. Path & Bast 55169 1943 pp 69-77 9. Goralewski G. Clinical and Animal Experimental Studies and the Ques tion of Aluminum DustLamg Arch f Gewerbepath u Gewerbehyg 91676 the 1939 The Symptomatology of the Aluminum Dust , ibid 384 1940 , 1941 Clinical Study of the Aluminum Lang ibid 11 10 Dernehl C. U. NauC. A. Frank T. M. and Neidhardt H. .: Experi- mental Studies on the Action of Silica Gel Catalyst Administered to Pathological Physiological J. Balt 12. King E. and Physiol T. .: The and Aspects King B. J. 321426 MeGeorge .: The Solution and Excretion of Silion Hygiene 14. JohnstoneR. .: Occupational Medicine and Industrial G. V. MosbyCompany 1948 p 382 St. Louis MoGeorge Depression of J.Roman in King E. Solubility W. and M 1 The Silica Body Fluids by Minerals Dusts Proceedings of the Inter- National Conference on Silicosis International Labour Offies Studies and ReportsSeries F Industrial Hygiene no 17 Geneva 1938 * 16. King Pulmonary B.J. Chronie Disease in South Studies B. The Solubility of Wales Dusts Coalminers ; from South Wales ExperMiamjeentsatly's Stationery London His Office 1945 | one Agape GREAT LAKES CARBON CORPORATION 48th Street 18 East t New York 17 N. Y. August28 1951 Mr. J. P. Woodard oo Manville Corporation Corporation ' a Twenty East Fortieth Street ,- : arn & ray findings . : is a probable P that time I have on several and asked that at his earliest Terrebonne who have had positive two employees are possiblehave and one analysis natural earth from Basalt Palos materials calcined flux calcined and Palos Verdes and thenatural earth | ae Coples P. .: Sincerely DRT . . for A.S.Elsenbast ~~ A. B.Cummins Manville Research // Donald R.Tellefsen Donald R. Tellefsen os : ^' : | . nn) This letter Mr. Tellefsen isin connection with ABC'sletter to me ra i of July 20 asking if we have answer Perhaps the second paragraph ~ implies that this material also causes chest changes J. Woodard - 9-6-51 c4 wd . AY : * Angust 21 1951 Dr. A. J. Verwald Directer - The Saranac Laboratory PnsumeEd arto h n Pni sumo edn onii ons is Program for Testing Powdered Alum- ! In answer to my letter of October 25 1950 de you letter of November 11 1950 said there would 6 | - sss | final report on this test on diatomaceous earth vain , vould also constitute Interin Progress Report le, 4, vhen the project is completed about August 1951 I wonder if you would tell me what the status Of this program is at the moment and who ve my expect the " Youre very truly J. P. Woodard Odi. De. J. J. Lansa 5 oF } ~ n~wes PTT tonal Cooper Mr. Laurence O. MaIntyre Mine Schumacher Ontario Canada Dear Larry pisture when we were there and very kindly a substantial mount entire alumimm alumim the work that has been done 7 change I recall alearly the practice being followed there in the clothes- atmosphere from sach of certain amount corners almim powder just dispersed the men came one to change clothes . As I remember it abo 70u 0 mt en changed clothes in this one large room counting those who were coming on shift and those who were going off 1. What are the dimensions of the room itself or what is the cubic footage of the ream 2. How much aliimm powder is in each of the mall cans in grammoer in whatever weight moemrements you use My recollection 3. How many cans are dispersed in the atmosphere each time is that one was dispersed at each corner though there might have been more Roughlywhtahtan one 4. is the particle sine of the alumimm powder that is dispersed 5. What is the approximate concentration of aluminum particles in the room atmosphere after the contents of the can have been dispersed in the atmosphere in milliointst of partiales per cubic foot or in whatever terms you usually exprene , probably I feel mare that all of this information is mong the data that you much gave me but I have been unable to locate it and I hope it will not be too much trouble for you to give me the answers to these five questions which you know without even looking looking them up . hope all going I is in yourday activities well with these you and tthiatmeysou are having much pleasure 2 in troublous re vary With best wishes . h . 7 8 . ge be Rta. J. P. Woodard = | bo # M. Jackson hn oe ARSED REcee EERE ArsCe oe : sre. if ates SV 14 August 1951 Institute of Industrial Medicine Center New York University Medical 477 First Avenue New York 16 New York pneumoconiosis Attached matter with me which in the rough draft of covers your slant on the and alumimm therapy the memorandum that you left of diatomaceous earth es I think it is concise and clear and that it should have : the effect of bringing some order out of chaos I have made two or three notes in blue pencil which are explanatory On the top of page 4 you mentioned experience in Canada and the U. S. and in the case of each country spoke of about 19,000 . knowledge individuals I havneo tion this because of the fact knowledgethathetrhee as to same the figures but only men- number of individuals in each country seemed odd and thought perhaps it might be a typographical feel mure the people in the other compa innoy ur industry will have the sme reaction to your memorandum which I hope you Received a 4 aS, rote third Dr. VorwalVorwal me not second The but did clear my points and the attached memorandum from Dr. Lanza cover this pIanreafgfercatphsstates that there is no ) of proof excess tuberculosis tuberculosis tuberculosis at thing paragraph the covers on first page of Dr. Lansa's attached memorandum Dr. Lanus further stated that cortisone treatment on animals will not tell the story that a try on people only will tell it the proper function for company tel promote he questions whether it is a in Holland was about Dr. Vorwald's statement as to the damage that been cases cases that were reppeopleortberdeaatthitnhge metallic meeting ianluAmuisnturmaldiuasst and referred to paragraph says damage by The first paragraph he that covers / In _ thissignificant not on thetop of 2 of Dr. Langa's memorandum huge mounts of alumimm dust is The next question wwaass about the testontuberculin tuberculin treated pige ed ? hicsouldlentotterwawiats ftoorcmovoehr tleosntg period to give antdold Vorwald poison the general general given of men have will I the men exposed to ca ee fies the action of cristobalite It not cristobalite In pure cristobalite because apparently one combination show a distinct reaction different It is probable that the relationshiopf this infeptiiosn less emphasis than in the case of crystalline on the fact that if the action of diatomaceous earth silien with respect to the incidence of tuberculosis rock mining camp where there is great exposure to With respect cortisone it | devlopment devlopment of connective tise )ted that while cortisone inhibitthee 4 injections that not procedure the staed powder Dr.Vervald tthhaatt he had value as he felt this particular nn Re factor cannot answer to this particular techniquebecause you again RIF cannot factor factor possiblyoverwhelming overwhelming dosage which tendts o mar the results SR oy gen ge Sre crem SR penwr ae fe Ee z giertpeStaic io a ee pe keet mo So .. wen . os July 12 1951 x wrote wrote you on June sugesting and enclosed a copy of letter from art writing discussed apologise today now You will recall that the first thought was to do meither the - injection test which was to cost 2,000 nor the more extended test which cots o ct ost 20,000 Finally we decided to do the intratracheal infection test to try to settle the point raised by Reg Smart I have read art's letter again and see that ve have missed one point which I think is important namely he says it will take 12 months { to get an anmier for the injection test costing 2,000 | . to the it in going to take that long do you not think we could go It is understood and still agreed that we should skip the 20,000 \ test that was to take 18 months and I am not raising a question about this bes H. M. Jackson WooP.dWaoordadrd aghty aghty aghty aghty by phone Fu 7/30 Ju12l1y 951 - last camentration next paragraph mentioned camentration ratio ratio alumnimm : solubitlriteyatments setcoamapalrable thwaenderwinognderinrgesults , Capy tes is Ay 8. Minsahnat eta Bre 4, 3. Taman be H. M. Jackson J. P. Weedard J. P. Woodard July 10 1951 - Aluminum Therapy . Your letter June 19 Because only the range of particle size was given and not the median the conversion of milligrams per cubic centimeter to particles - per cubic foot is somewhat arbitrary I have an . assumed even distribution of particle size within the range and on this basis the concen. 300 milligram tration at 30 milligrams per cubic meter m _ is 400 mppcf at 60 milligrams per cubic meter 750 mppef and at the concentra- tion experienced at the surges is 4000 mppcf All of these levels are extremely high and it certainly is not unexpected in my opinion that lung impairment should result Bs | HMJ PO'H PO'H NEW YORK ~ - NEW J^ RK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL LATER LATER UNIVERSITY GRADUATE MEDICAL 477 FIRST AVENUE NEW YORK 16 N.Y. SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF - OREGON 9-3200 July 10 1951 Manville Corporation 22 East 40th Street New York 16 New York Dear Page day Dr. Vorwald On the 28th of June I spent a good portion of the with at Saranac discussing the questions outlined in your two letters to me dated June 21st i phases question general incidence With respect incidence to the : bade tuberculosis oa f nd subject aretwo of this 1 the give There of tuberculosis in Lompoc and the surrounding community and 2 the incidence of tubercu- losis among the employees of M I don't know whether there has ever been an ray survey of the community as a whole I have only the opinion given to me by the former County Health Officer at Santa Barbara that the incidenes of tuberculosis in the general commmity in the Lompoc area was extremely low latter of the incidence of tuberculosis among the employees at M is 7 imple to determine There are in Dr. Anderson's collection of rays a , I think of practically everybody in the plant A good many of these which show extensivelung pathology nevertheless are not easy to ose from the standpoint of tuberculosis I would say subject to etion by Dr. Anderson that there is very little open tuberculosis the employees To what extent hidden tuberculosis may be factor in levelopment levelopment of pneumoconiosis diatomaceous earth workers is prob- everything into consideration both from the clinical and ) Itgenological Itgenological aspects it seems fairly certain that the diatomaceous earth workers do not have the hazard of high susceptibility to tuberculosis mat characterizes those exposed to crystalline silica Whether the incidence employees saberculosis among N is higher than that of the general com' nity remains to be shown and it may be diffitocdu o tlht is With respect to the use of cortisone Dr. Vorwald says he has written to you I gather from my discussion with him that there is some basis for the belief that cortisone may be of value in early cases of pneumoconiosis I feel that this is a complicated subject and perhaps we cannot find out much about it pneumoconiosis unless the cortisone treatment can be tried with every precaution on a small select group of individuals with a, TE With respect to the report of the meeting in Australia Dr. Vorwald states . that he has sent you two copies of this We went over together that portion of the report which dealt with cases of aluminum umoconiosis in Scandinavia I think it was in Sweden Dr. Forssman I told Dr. Vorwald that I did not think this was conclusive and I did not think it was germane to the general question of aluminum prophylaxis The physician in his daily practice uses many drugs which are highly toxic he does not hesitate to use digitalis in heart disease although digitalis may be a dangerous poison if too much is given The fact that the Swedish workers and if I remember correctly there were only six developed pneumoconiosis with disabling symptoms following exposure to overwhelming quantities of aluminum is not a bar to the therapeutic use of aluminum Again I fall back on the fact that some thousands of men have been treated with aluminum therapeutically and as far as is known no harm has resulted Any material which gets into the lung in excessive quantities will cause disability and even death including water 0 : * With respect to your question on tuberculin pigs together with diatomaceous earth and aluminum Dr. Vorwald says he has written to you about this and has outlined a program for your consideration oot +7areperse In the course our discussion a number of items developed which apply more wdenit er less to what has been said above Guinea pigs exposed to diatomaceous earth plus attenuated tubercle bacilli show the same result as those which had been exposed to crystalline silica Dr. Vorwald feels very strongly that men exposed to calcined diatomaceous earth almost certainly have an incidence of tuberculosis lf higher than normal But here again we come up against a complex picture because Brin the men exposed to calcined diatomaceous earth are also exposed to natural earth and the natural earth he feels modifies the action of cristobalite It is not possible to experiment on animals with pure cristobalite because apparently one ad sannot procure pure cristobalite In any event the animals exposed to cristo- ---- ---- -- -- alite and diatomaceous earth in combination show a distinct reaction different -_- from that of crystalline silica It is probable that the relationship of this eaction to tubercle infection is less emphatic than in the case of crystalline - silica Again I fall back on the fact that if the action of diatomaceous earth were analogous to crystalline silica with respect to the incidence of tuberculosis we would see in Lompoc the same general picture of a very high tuberculosis incidence that we see in any hard rock mining camp where there is great exposure to --,---- crystalline silica ee With respect to cortisone it should be noted that while cortisone inhibits the ae eS development of connective tissue it has an adverse effect in the presence of the tubercle bacillus Where guinea pigs were exposed for half an hour daily to the inhalation of metallic aluminum .88 ng./cu.ft no harmful effect was noted Such exposure is many times greater than would On the other hand where guinea pigs were be involved in exposed a half a, any therapeutic treatment hourdailtyo .88 i and then exposed seven and a half hours daily to the inhalation of quartz dust A eighteen months the guinea pigs showed little evidence of protection Here again - however the factor of the dosage of silica as against the dosage of aluminum is not clear With respect to the question of injections of diatomaceous earth mixture with aluminum powder Dr. Vorwald stated that he had not tried the intra- peritoneal injections as he felt that this particular procedure had little or no value because in order to get a reaction it was necessary to use relatively large doses that the evidence intratracheal feels With respect to intratracheal injections from Aupportive only out he He is not secured He feels stronglythat thinks about this particular answer in technique Weight cannobte given to this particular technique because you again have the factor of possibly overwhelming dosage which tends marthe results effortshould made Dr. Vorwald still feels very strongly that no aluminum in the treatment of employees until inhalation be his be to use xperiments xperiments feels : feels have during 4 during oy parfod F maning maning parfod re : bons Sincerely yours AJL A.J. Lanza M.D. P. CHO cer Woodard 1 A. S. Elsenbast DHQ B. R. Willians 1925 8 11 951 BellevueHiversity Yark problemy also laattateperrpreciate appears & aluse present problgeemtsting problems Sufficient to bestthese shoad A. B. : be Insulation Contecer of the Bar Yosk Association : 27 Ms . CAUGHLINCAUGHLIN BAZLEY BAZLE,Y TRUHLATORS : JOINS AENSTRONG + 3. A. L : CONA & * R.A. KEASBEY KEASBEY CONSTRUCTION - : MUNDET CONSTRUCTION - ROCHESTEN . JOHNS MARVELLE of ^' nounced purpose Asociation sting was to set up & coba en retoihicbica N wk 1.2006 * laziolmaziom GoatractorS So o s persons persons persons persons persons mastingmasting wasthrownopen open for asked forthe clarification Minorrevisions asbore inter when made ^ vote wwhhenen bby y Carl Carl CarlCarl Co. SEAtaTr:y  th was proposedand accepted that the annual meeting of this associationassociation was to be held the last week of Seftember in Syracuse and the semi annual meeting the first week of in April The nominating committee reported the following slate of offic : * 7 President oe ~ B. B. Mullen Harville Allanp AcecVice President + = ~~ K. Braun - Nias Asbestos Corp. President Contenting 7. * - W. Harvey Armstrong Contenting & Supply Supply 2 _ ~ Treasurer oa -* +2E. Orlino - Mundet Cork New York City nction was made by A. P. Keechey ity and seconded by L. B. Face that multi oo be clew motion was there upon made byR. Braun and seconded by2. Downing that the vote forthe slate : It ag therefore recorded that the New York State nanimously voted intobeing andthe first slate of SSER TRUDAK 231JACKSONBUILDING 220 DELAWARE AVENUE UFFALO & NEW YORK | Contractors Meeting _ : January 27th and R.A.Keasbey Co. Keasbey Co. Minor Contracting : Armstrong ASDITOS & INSULATION CONTRACTOR CONTRACTOR * 15731 15731 Gey A. 014 oe ca 2 . @ Bill Martins 9 : | J.A. Hebert " Rochester Y. Sten Stachelack Roch InsulatioIn nsulation Dist . Rocheste . N. Buffalo This meeting |was calledfor bythe Buffalo Asbestos & Insulation _ meeting Contractors& DistributorsAssociation ed concerning the suretybond . The It was principally call- Harvey of ArmstrongCork who acted was arrangedby antemporaray ntemporary Chairman Bill - Fridaynight exception City The problems contractors met with to New York - who had not arrived and discussed many of the mutual problems It seemed to be the consensus of opinion that we could best serve - our companies and our customers -by a state organization For a a period from about 10:00 in the evening to 3:00 in themorningconstitu- many of the were h^mmered out and a temporary constitu- h^mmered tion and bylaws drafted May which preventedprevented this - problems _. association from relieved being formed . a Aa. the past were considered and | a. . formally Saturday opened | | at 10:30 and with e. great deal discussion the state associationwas formed- officerselected at 12:33 The state associationwill bear .- the nameoftheNew YorkState Insulation ContractorAssociation 790 Central Avenue Albany 6 N. Y. The following officers were Braun . President B. Mullen . oo |. Executive Vice President - R. ~ _ Vice President -BillHarvey . Treasurer B. Orlino : a te he, , The Secretary which isappointedappointed by thePresident Presidentwas Don 3DetrickDetrick attendance The above listwhich showsthose in - the asterisks a _ - indicatethevotingmember fromthat city Bach association has oa alternats twoalong with withone indicated with thedot ; leg aa ite abt eat wee Contributions tfoormthe stateassociationwereaccepted : from $ Contributions expect- EfeloAlbanyof nob association association each 100.00 = ed to make a contribution toto the formation formation of theassociation and the tors Yoo? time prior toSeptember = OF? tors woulddiscussand in- Syracuse kept Novey utesutes oFThebank accoun accountors in Mi al establish Novey will will this New York UniverMs edii calt Ceny ter 477 First Avamer Dear Tany Just so our record hare will be complete with respect to the in trial lygiome work on diatomassous earth at Saree I am noting below the plan Atlantic mentioned the other day following your conversation with Reg Smart :You said you were going to get information from Serante on the 1. Intraperitonnal infections of distemos earth mixed with almin a What if any harm is caused by such infections b To what extent are there signs of protection omised by the aluminumn 2. Intratracheal injections - use the same mixtures and determine You said that if this proved to be harmless Reg Smart is thes of the opinion that we could safely start aluminum therapy at Lampes You mentioned that Dr. Shepard is held in high regard by the State Health people in California and that he could readily deal with them in comme tion with the results of these tests You said that you would get the results of these tests in writing so that all of us could have this information as a matter of record Sincerely yours bo H. M. Jackson J. P. Woodard November 7 1950 . J. P. Woodard is ReturnedReturned herewith Dr. Vorwald's proposal October6 entitled Powdered Aluminum Hydroxide in Diatomaceous Earth Pneumoconiosis of an I have only the following comments experiment 1. The proposal suggests a experiment with possible bearing mice to determinedetermine anypossible relationship between diatomaceous earth- _ pneumoconiosis and pulmonary cancer be mice would either a thosealreadyalready afflicted to in with cancer or b the type referred one of Dr. Gardner's interim reportosn asbestosia - that fail have had to see how predisposition predisposition predisposition predisposition to cancer i produce t the experimentsexperiments would produce ont any valid results 2. It is noted that before publication publication of any of ine the results we would merely have have an opportunity. to review the manuscript This far cry | from the commitment Dr. Gardner formerly made- that nothing would be published without our consent However as a practicalpractical matter Dr. Gardner's undertakingundertaking because he let the matter Symposia or as paragraphs articles dealing with the proved ineffective dribble out at or footnotes footnotes in generalgeneral subject of pneumoconiosis VB Enc cc A. 9. Elsenbast A. R. Fisher Vandiver Brown ao AR, . Nae lady ONTHAL ian - tg 7 : of Seidnt ne7 red nered into very seriou seriou atusion atusion of the surity Ges "gs ag on 55 WAS Aistri Le SOS RD eee which which a 75 iedcus 4 RDG Weta tx thay W intent and the WON as the . ie 4% to record purpose this road it would be all of this opinions Seidnt be instructed instructed t it was dec AAA sibtut candtects candtectsoffice for the prophas prophas of ving ving with Plowing aye 3the above question Plowing sit the asting question asting SLR 6 would take Plowing this information information A calles information alices Shes Ue asting will be the pro om ye pe. alices alices in order PA 7 plan of action of the sociation to oo possiblypossibly struction as as "/ " made ver~ made or het or til til ichich ab ab the the the % hhiirirnginghirinhg iringof of of 2 struction struction Lustry legal legal Lustry Lustry commuiting commuiting commuiting Tans was 4 + : Fy ont, yore 2 Oe i Vee Rly: ^' Me wt . Sale mR ON, . Setef lt ig . . . : t ts 160 160 Secretary Secretary Secretary : | ' te . ^' a - . & . . ae - ~~ - +. . - on = Sei et e v ~ is ve a _ - at . THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION file i. file DMH DMH FOR THE CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PULMONARY DISEASE ! SARANAC LABORATORY TRUDEAU LABORATORY TRUDEAU SCHOOL OFFICE OF Director O. BOX 881 Saranac Lake N.Y. DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY June 18 1951 Mr. J. P. Woodard Manville Corporation Twenty East Fortieth Street New York 16 New York Dear Page Re Incidence of Tuberculosis in Diatomaceous Earth Workers Question Question Question # ' letter ' The clinical evidence in the files of The Saranac Laboratory pertains to mortem specimens of lungs of twelve individuals who had been exposed to diatomaceous earth These specimens have past been forwarded to us for study from time to time for the twelve or thirteen years 5/14 JPW AJV . AJV To ae complicated With respect to the incidence of tuberculosis two cases are complicated by a tuberculous process atypical in one and miliary in the other Two other cases are questionable since the infection is considerable modified and thus cannot be identified specifically as tuberculous The tissue from still another case was in a very poor state of preservation There are therefore seven of the twelve cases without evidence of infection number In opinion the of cases is much too small for statistical evaluation concerning the incidence of tuberculosis in diatomaceous earth workers Furthermore you will appreciate that , the cases are selected ones and thus do not represent a valid sam- pling of the entire working population It is obvious that reliable evidence regarding the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in indi- viduals exposed to diatomaceous earth dust must be based upon a olinical study of a large number of those workers Such a study should be compared with a similar study of the incidence of tuber- culosis in the exposed population from the same geographical area Both Doctor Smart and Doctor Anderson are in a position to investigate this problem and I would rely upon their judgment concerning the matter The experimental results with guinea pigs furnish incontrovertible | Right of The at LomponLompon ! That and ----gunst a so eee % ed aye Mr. J. P. Woodard -20 June 18 1951 evidence that diatomaceous earth products including the the regular caloined and the special oalcined adverse influence upon a tuberculous infection natural have an With every good wish Sincerely yours _Sr Arthur J. Vorwald M. D. Director The Trudeau Foundation and The Saranac Laboratory AJV oo, 008 Mr. A. S. Elsenbast Extracts from Third International Conference of Experts on Pneumoconiosis Sydney Australia March 1 1950 Professor S. Forsman I should like to deal with Sweden on pneumoconiosis produced by the inhalation of inorganic dust te Our experiences of silicosis are written in the reports that have already been presented to the Conference and therefore it will not be necessary for me to deal with that here We have had four problems on pneumoconiosis The presented material is small but I think the results are of principal interest interest The process industrial is and hammered hammer mills pellets cast into powder cle of size between that you have almost in two microns microns to The 99.6 % which with parti- exposure in this tthirthy irtsy tew plant heavy being per airat usual work milligrams milligrams stew ~~ aii per fi auble mauble ante wy mante $e raise per cubic metre There were only nine men exposed We started our investigation in 1947 when they all had been rayed -- ---- and examined There were then two with ray changes and two were suspi- cious In a mass investigation in miniature ray in the surroundings previously we discovered another case which was found to have been in this plant employed In 1949 we discovered two new cases These four men employed in the plant were exposed to aluminium dust The lubricant used was solid paraffin and the final product contained between half per cent and two per cent of solid paraffin The men in question were between 25 and 49 years of age and they usually got their symptoms after a few years exposure These cases are presented by courtesy of Dr. O. Nordenfelt oo Case No. 1 The man in question is 49 years of age and was subjected slight to 13 years exposure The first symptoms dyspnoea at effort were noticed after twelve years exposure His symptoms are only and fine modulation the upper lung the of the function is normal lung ray shows modulation lobes Case No. 2-1 years some signs symptoms were noticed after years 2 This is The first impaired impaired lung the case function of a man 25 but normal function years of age exposed for He has residual quotient ray shows nodulation of mostly mostly the upper parts of the lung nodulation Case No. 3 This deals with a man 35 years of age for years and after that time he got some symptoms symptoms of dyspnoea at effort Extracts -2- After those three years he was transferred to another job where he was not subjected to dust exposure Lung function was normal ray shows nodulation mostly of the upper parts of the lungs ray of the same man three years later shows about the same picture Case No. 4 A man years old exposed for years The first symptoms were dyspoena at offort four years ray shows nodula- tion of the upper and emphysema of the lower part of the lungs He was taken away from the exposure after 4-1 years and at the end of another three years he was rayed which shows some progression of the emphysema The man still had some symptoms and showed now signs of impaired lung function ; These men have not previously heen exposed to any other dust The concentration of silica probably as silicate in the dust was very low and would not cause pneumoconiosis neither would the lubricant be of any significant importance Thus this pneumoconiosis was probably produced by inhalation of aluminium dust Koelsch of Munich Koelsch describes what the authors consider a definite characteristic an poisoning atmosphere | consist finely divided silica stabbing ? lessened vital capacity of The symptoms breath pains in the chest slight cough and expectoration The special features all note is the youth of the victims older men are less susceptible the shortness of exposure the rapid . course of the disease and the fact that the process may progress after exposure ceases Two cases of pneumothorax are described attributed to great increase of alveolar pressure the aluminum dust impeding expiration Two autopsies are described the findings in which agree strikingly extensive interstitial pneumonia with induration and shrink- ing The interstitial tissue had undergone collagenous degenera- tion One author speaks of a filtery metallic sheen on the out surface of the lung According to Koelsch there was an abnormal dust exposure in these factories caused by wartime conditions the lack of proper exhaust the obstructed windows necessitated by the blackout Ivanova M.G. and Ostrovskaya I.S. Action of Aluminum Dust on Animal Organism Gigiena i Sanit No. 4 21-27 1950 Russian In experiments with rats and rabbits involving either inhalation of aluminum dust its introduction into tracheae in physiological ND Extracts -3- suspensions or intravenous injections of such suspensions it was Aluminosis " remilta clearly shown that an this is a form of respiratory j| disease involving malformations in the respiratory organs which progress even after termination of administration of the dust Pathologic changes in the kidneys and occasionally in other organs were also found The use of aluminum dust against silicosis is therefore highly questionable to Mr. Westmonotn prophy anie Along with his letter is by attached a Russian article on this subject and a pamphlet Drs Brown and Van Winkle that is reprinted from the Journal American Medical AssociaJtuliyo1n3 1949 of the I have read the highlights of the Russian article and the I shall be interested in having any comments you wish to Sincerely yours J. P. Woodard of I In reviewing have the literature on aluminum prophylaxis succeeded in obtaining copies of the Russian article Action Alumimus Dust on Animal Organism by M. G. | iIvnaunmova in and I. S. Ostrovskaya the Therapy and and Present Status of Alum- W. Brown M.D. Prophylaxis and Walton Van of Silicosis by Ernest Winkle D. I believe every- one interested in this subject should read these two articles paying particular attention to the article by Brown and Van we have discussed at great length I will be glad to receive WHATS enc 2 A. S. Elsenbast - DHQ P. P. Woodard - GHQ W. M. Anderson D. Plant Physician  Rd fe ad 2 ? ' 8 oe we, Oto 477 First Avenue Bellevue Medical Center ate fee interest Skip's letter of May 31 to you written read Johannesburg sent to Mr. Westmont Dr. Smart Dr. Anderson and Dr. Cummins ys i = I shall be interested in seeing you soon and learning of your talks with Dr. Anderson and Dr. Smart at the AtlantCiitcy | Sincerely yours uf . TB we Payans N. E. Treasurer Great Lakes Carbon Corporation 18 East 45th Street no oy sey from oa We received today from Tradem Foundation Lake The Tradem Saramo duplicate to B. Y. a bill in billing us for their duplicate dated June dated 1 amounting servicesservices on powdered aluminum month cydroxide in diatermosos eeaarthrth pneumoconiosis for herewith month period February 15toMay15. am emslosing copy This attended discussed at the covered Tollefsen and vas byBarPa ropon salo of ' Ontes ber 6 1950 of which you receivedcopy except that it was later modified to include finely ground alurima exide contemplated well as the powdered aluminum this matter subsequent to developments keptinferned of all February in the meeting and have indicated pense by underwriting participate program two thirds which is your'a work was 10,500Accordingly to 7,000 Your quarterly payments . 875 and since the work did not start until 7 three of the paymienn1ts95w2ould fall die in the current year the fourth sometime Foundation faci payable It would Trudem H. X. instead ve will forward it with to 4 Foundation would make your bill to Saramas In : an , FILE COPY June 21 1951 Dr. A. J. Lansa Chairman Institute of Industrial Medicine New York University Medical 477 First Avemas New York 16 New York Center H At G 7/12 nothe nothe nothe ee Dear Tony These are the questions on which we are for m from Art Torweld We have followed these up but have not received any replies except for the attached copy of art's letter 18 which I presume is intended as an answer to the first does not prove a high incidence of tuberculosis at Lompoo 1 My letter of April 16 - What information is there that would indicate the high incidence of tuberculosis at Lompoc 2 My letter of April 16 - What program do you propose that we undertake to determine to what degree courtisone causes a resolution of lung fibrosis i.e. diatomaceous earth fibrosia aff aff aff wy be , aff 3 My letter of April 16 - When could you send me a couple of copies aff aff of the report on the meeting in Australis which listed the eight pe? stalin cases in Holland where there had been lung damage by aluminum \ 3 4 4 My letter of May treated pigs - What do you suggest determine whether or not us to tests on tuberculin-- alumimm therapy has any 4 effect on a superimposed diatomaceous earth powder condition Do mitre ~ You said that when you go up to Saranas next week you would dis-Tenco Tenco el cuss these questions with art We would be interested in knowing what the answers are 3incerely yours Enclosure be H. M. Jackson J. P. Woodard Aluminum introduced into the blood and under the tissue of animals, is being ex- urated by kidneys and intestines Dr. Rossiisky Skoorsor notes a very slow of similar pathological changes under the influence Skorsor aluminum Consequently there Most of these knots were placed by fibrous bodies in spots considerably thickened not only in spots where dust as collected but also beyond these limits = These first data obtained from the rough test of introduction of aluminum Questionsarcses What are the initial changes in lung tissue in air dusted with aluminum What cells and in what measure phagocyte aluminum dust What is the further fate of phagocytes dust Does dust more in lymphatic vessels in the lungs cares tration thickened interalveolar walls with hyalinosis in the dust area Thus rats in the aluminum dusted room and rata with aluminum introduced into the trachea showed absorption of aluminum dust by the walls of alveolar epithelium up to interalveolar walls which meant deep penetration of large amount of dust lutn he g luns gs Besides this in the beginning 15 days we phostases greatly obstructing the passage of dust by lymphae and pressed because of dust deposit in alveolas of bronchial epithelium which together with lumps of dust and with a lar of dust calls obstruct the lesser bronchi In conne wic th t thi e ao bon ve there were mostly under the pleura vast areas lung tissus with proliferation of alveolar epithelate and accur dust calls in narrowed alveoli and coagulation up to hyaline transformation This peculiar pathology of the substance of albumin of cellular protoplama and blood plasms as the result of chemical reaction of aluminum Easily soluble aluminum produces its tying effasea c rest ult of which we saw condensation coagulation and clotting of albumin masses This was confirmed by the absence of inflammatory process in the dust concentratairoena The development of fibrosis and hyalinosis was not the result of inflammation and the ensuing infiltration and exudation process These hystological changes indicate conclusively the characteristic pathological process of albumin coagulation under the specific chemical reaction of aluminum The resulting block in vessels and capillaries the emptying of interalveolar walls the fibrous thickening of vascular walls and bronchi lead to grave secondary changes in lungs which could be considered as a complication following aluminosis Buch are numerous lymphostases in early periods characteristic pneumonia often causing death in tested animals twenty Out of tested rats we noted in thirteen gradual loss of weight ending in cachexia at first visibly increased breathing anding by irregular and slower breathing At the autopsy in microscopical tests we noted localized hemorrhagic pneumonia of white pneumonia almost in the whole lung filling by its size the whole half of the chest It is clear that with such important changes in lungs we could expect to some extent changes in other organa due to the chemical reaction of aluminum Regardless of the method in most animals some pathological other organs but as a rule there of introduction of aluminum dust we observed changes in cidneys more seldom in the heart and was always damage to the connective tissue The most conclusive results were produced by the tests with intravenous injections of aluminum dust For those tests we used eight rabbits We injected to all of them daily into the ear lobe vein 0.05 g of aluminum dust in 4 cubic centimeters of physiolo ical solution ring a thirty day period total amount This amount injected into important changes progressing with by the endothelial system a rabbit time in during thirty days lead to very many organs in spite of dust absorption They underwent changes similar to lung phagocytes the became dense fuchsinophylic the calls of andothelial with each other became gigantic multinuclear cells cell protoplasES system fusing We lungs which progressing of aluminum think that the thickening of connective tissue in all organs and in was visible even where there was no trace of dust together with the process even after the end of the test indicates & chemical reaction dust on animal organism The process of thickening of paraplastic substance could be compared to the progress of sclerosis in old age measure to the heart condition It is a athological aging influenced by albumin This applies in equal of the whole organism s a result of tests conducted to determine the action of aluminum dust on animal organism rats and rabbits we came to the following conclusions regardless of the method of introduction of aluminum dust we established a quick appearance of pathological changes starting from the 15th day in lungs and ther organs Reportant changes in the structure of lung tissue and bronchial walls extended fibrosis with hyalinosis in connective tissue large amphysema bullous Deripheral emobysera hemorrhages are the background on which often appear abscessed bronchiectases and berorrhagic oneumoria These changes are the result of chemical colloidal action of aluminum causIn coagulation of albumin This is characteristic characteristic of the process atole ical changes in lungs specific and could be called a typtyepe of the theory of harmlessness of alumin up to now seemingly inquestioned that der the action of re alumirum dust are neuroconiosis-- This upsets for and al organisms and also the assertion there could could be no pneumoconiosis without & large quarts amount in the system The action of aluminum dust is not restricted to local damage of lung parenchyma To a certain extent the process of fibrous thickening with hyalinouis is distinct in blood vessels up to fibrous emptying in spots damage in kidneys starting with almost invisible thickening of capillary walls and connective tissue of kidneys and ending by the shrinking of these A small amount of dust was also found in the spleen in kupfer cells of the liver which indicates the possibility of spreading dust particles and formation of hydroxide of aluminum in a hematogenic way The fibrous thickening of connective tissue was found in differant degree in the heart tissue in vessels in the spleen in the liver and in the brain tissue pathological The most vivid picture of pathological changes was obtained in intravenous injections of aluminum dust We must stress that the fibrous thickening of conneo- tive tissue angeared angeared very early in the test on the 15th day and progressed even after its termination os, rf: Our conclusion follows considered among 1. Aluminosis produced by the action of pure metallic aluminum is a new type of pneumoconiosis which must be industrial diseases caused by ana Cando dust ye nT Sine fe 45 Cando Cando prophylactic with 2. The use of aluminum as a and therapeutic remedy against silicosis demands further careful and serious experimental and clinical study 3. It is necessary to organize a careful health observation and control of workers occupied in aluminum work '. . 40 145 Tthe Tthe etait 4 It is necessary to improve technical and sanitary conditions and take measures against air dust for a successful fight against silicosis in mining and other industries nn Ae Translated by Mrs. Schneyeroff June 13 1951 A. S. Elsenbast Aluminum Therapy Inasmuch as Hugh Jackson has a letter of May 31 to Dr. Lanza for our record and sending you for your own use copy of Skip's I am using that the other copy that Tony send out the copies I have suggested the letter is in as recommended by you Since letter to him I thought some respects a personal he would like to do it enc J. P. Woodard checked have their Proposal of October 6 1950 and it shows that the total ee estimate for this work in 1951 was 10,50010,500 quarter of this would be 2,62 . In our budget for 1951 we included an item of 17,000 for Services of Non emple the bulk of which was for work to be done at Saranac both on powdered alumim to subsequent Foundation hydroxide in connection with Diatomaceous Earth and on Asbestos have funds cover this and bills from The Trudeau Accordingly a. In Minutes of a meeting held at GHQ February 13 1951 at which Mr. M. E. indicated Puyans was present the following recorded under Conclusions Mr. that Great Lakes Carbon Corporation would participate in the progr aluminum therapy progr if their consultant medical opinion was in agreement + Dr. Smart in a letter dated March 1 1951 to Dr. Lanza said I am very enthusiast about some qualified laboratory undertaking experiments with alumimum in combination calcined E. I do not find any acceptance in writing from Great Lakes Carbon of the proposal that they underwrite third of the aluminum therapy program to thirds but they have been participating in everything that has been done thus fa third of this bill would be 875 Some months ago Great Lakes Carbon sent us check made out to Trudeau Foundation which we forwarded to Trudeau with our own check ' on a 3rd - 3rds basis for continuation of the research program with Diatomaceous > Earth More recently however when we suggested they follow the same method in the bill for Dr. Lanza's expenses on the trip to California they made out a check for their share payable to M instead of making it payable to Dr. Lanza paying - direct : J.R.H. J.R.H. J.R.H. J.R.H. no THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION FOR THE CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PULMONARY DISEASE SARANAC LABORATORY TRUDEAU LABORATORY TRUDEAU SCHOOL June 1 19195511 DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY IN ACCOUNT WITH Johns - Manville Corporation 22 East 40th Street Attn Mr. J. P. Woodard Research services Powdered Aluminum Hydroxide in Diatomaceous Earth Pneumoconiosis for 1st quarter February 15 1951 to May 15 1951 per terms of proposal dated October 6 1950 and approved January 23 1951 at annual rate of 10,500 2,625.00 PLEASE REMIT TO THE E. L. TRUDEAU FOUNDATION FISCAL DEPARTMENT TRUDEAU NEW YORK FOR TRUDEAU LABORATORY TRUDEAU TRUDEAU SCHOOL TRUDEAU SCHOOL FOR FOUNDATION THE TRUDEAUEXPERIMENTAL FOUNDATION FOUNDATION FOUNDATION CLINICAL CLINICAL EXPERIMENTAL June June 1951 DISEASE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY Corporation tN ACCOUNT WITH 22 East Manville 22 New 40th Street New York 16 , Y. attnt Mr. Jeo Pe Woodard Hydroxide in Diatomaceous Pneumoconiosis Aluminum Hydroxide Pneumoconiosis February 15 1951 to Earth of proposal quarter 1951 October 1950 1950 May approved January January of proposal dated rate of 10,500 and approved 235 1951 at annual and approved January 2,625.00 NEW YORK YORK b. TRU DEAU FOUNDATION, FISCAL DEPARTMENT, PLEASE REMIT TO: THE & A. 8. Hingin Connaught Laboratory Dist Dist Earth Earth Me On May 21 I met with Drs J. G. Cunn F. Mi . Rn . Bug lmeh r ana d G.m Jephcott and Mr. Johnston of the Indu Hygs ient e Dir visi ion a of l the Department of Health Province of Ontario The following are the principal points of our discussion 1 The Cannought Laboratories are housed in the University of Torante buildings and are a part of the Public Health Scheel of that organisation The faculty is Department of Health Dr Cunningeht aaml are available to the Department of Health 2 The facilities for animal dusting are mall two or three years there has been university technician on the used the facilities for a portion staff of paper Solubility of Silics and Amming Amming neither the facilities norpersonel laboratory Johnstem in their There , however available for researcohf the type we are desirous of performed 3 material by Johnans d Jt oho nstn on 4 convinced of the alm of i alm mim mm , years would be necessary to properly evaluate it was the only one who was enthusiastic about aluminum background background incal numu berd ofe yeas rs work in Dr. Jephcott on the basis of his experimental work with our materials had come to the opinion that the calcined material was sufficiently toxio to warrant controls equivalent to those required for free silica exposure He requested that we advise him of the principal uses of this material in Ontaris in order that the Department of Industrial Hygiene might maks engineering recommendations for its control CO J. F. Woodard < C. W. Hite H. M. Jackson < June 5, 1951 aa Mr. Woodard is in New York today Trustees Dr. for a called called for a Trustees meeting next week several letters when when returns answer your to Saranac when he returns that on the chance He you be here this afterntooonreturn New chance that and expecta his way back about Monday Tuesday York on week and Saranac will Tuesday call of next next and if he has an opportunity opportunity opportunity you you then._ asthe ce 10:30 a.m. you Than | D. H is Flaw THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION FOR THE CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PULMONARY DISEASE Ba s SARANA^ LABORATORY _ TRUDEAU LABORATORY TRUDEAU SCHOOL OFFICE OF DIRECTOR O. BOX 501 SARANAC LAKE N.Y. DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY May 16 1951 4/5 Mr. P. Woodard Manville Corporation Twenty East Fortieth Street New York 10 New York Dear Mr. Woodard Your letter of May 14 to Doctor Vorwald has been received in his absence while attending the American Mining Congress in Cleveland and the NTA meetings in Cincinnati He will return to the Laboratory on Monday May 21 which is the last week of our Trudean School and which is to be devoted to Pneumoconiosis That will be a busy time for Doctor Vorwald as you will appreciate I am sure | J Your several letters will be brought Doctor Vorwald's attention and I know that he will answer them as soon as he has an opportunity Best wishes from all of us Sincerely yours / Lillian R. Blinn Mrs. A.B. Executive Secretary to Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director : 5/24 1914511 951 1 Wy latte of April incidens - What Information is there that would indicate high incidenes of ftuberculatoLsomiposn effect on a crimpound diatonascus curth powder condition I thought my listing theseseparately in this fashion might neke it easier for thought to listing listing listing then and give us some ANOVITS Yours sincerely bos H. M. Jackson J. P. Woodard A yo yoforg FILE COPY May 14 1951 4+, ? ySe ee > - FILTFILT JPY A.8. Elsenbast m Industrial Hygiene - Lampoc = You mentioned that O. B. Westmont would "Few York the week of May 7 and would be : Table for a meeting on Friday May 11 be in avail- As we agreed I checked with Dr. Lanza to see whether he would be agreeable to sittingin with the three of us for a brief discussion & Industrial hygiene problems at Lompoo acd Dr. Lansa will be available that day and said _he would plan to be here at my office at 3:30 on on Friday May 11 This afternoon so note is just to let you know about this that, that you can tell Westy when he gets here ae J. P. Woodard ^' 1 As 8. Essbast DHQ Box 91 Aluminum Therapy 4 Duringour discussion of this subject with Dr.Anderson |. you askemde to write to you regarding the addition of 4 TB infection tests in connection with the Aluminum treat ment program being carried out at Baranac ot It wasthat agreed that this work should bpereviously 0.0. B. B. ond Westen. t : : : ~ > 7 - pes a May 3 1951 The Sarance Laboratory P. O. Box 551 Saranac Lake New York Dear Art When Hr Klsenbast was recently in Lompoc it was agreed in a discussion which he Dr. Anderson and Mr. Westmont had that it would be helpful if there were sufficient tests an tubermulala : Copy to A. J. Lang M. D. A. S. Elsenbest Yours sincerely J. P. Woodard CC HMT 6/29/51 | Confidential 3 1951 Industrial Hygiene Yours of April 24 ' In order to refer to your letter more readily my comments below refer to paragraphs by mmber beginning with 1 as the paragraph starting out The writer advised the group .# ? Jim I with Paragraph 3 ~ checking to carry out the tests on tuberousdin Dr. Verwald to see how he would propose treated pigs to find out whether aluminum therapy has any effect on a superimposed powder condition Fu Fu Paragraph 4- There has up to now been no report published on the McIntyre project other than the information the MeIntyre people have for their own records The Province of Ontario has undertaken to write up the experience 4 for the Provinos as a whole This would include MeIntyre and other companies as well The various companies are presumably cooperating with the Province in supplying information for the publication The date of publication is not now known Paragraph 7 It is assumed Dr. Anderson after his discussion with Dr. Smart . will give all of us the information about the ray evidence at Terrebonne and the Basalt plant of GICO also the story on the Picher Elko Nevada - plant F.U. F.U. = I believe these notes cover the points in your letter that require some ' action on our part 001 Q. B. Westmont Lompos W. M. Anderson M. D. Lompos be A. J. Lanza M. D. AJL If you have any comments please let me hear from you JPW a AIR MAIL CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL Lompoc Plant Dr. Anderson Mr. Westmont Dr. Cummins and the writer reviewed the present status The writer advised the group of our recent discussion at Saranac which included the advice that we have asked Dr. Vorwald for an estimate and program for the use of cortisone in conjunction with aluminum therapy Ley The major item at issue was what Messrs Westmont and Anderson wanted to do about alumimum therapy here at the Plant Dr. Anderson emphasized the fact that he should be . consulted in the formulation of any research program on this subject and was assured that he was in position to submit any recommendations and items both Dr. Anderson and Mr. Westmont were assured that every any and all times and program to be carried out on this subject would be submitted to them for their approval recommendations eto In this connection on the program which is to be at therapy Dr. Anderson requests very definitely and we agree be included if there is not any sufficient testa on tuberculosis determine whether or not alumimum therapy has any dition We agreed that this should be done Trudeau on alumimum him that there should treated pigs to Dr. Anderson's attitude regarding aluminum was that he was not against it but he was not for it account of lack of sufficient technical information on the subject . Certainly we all agree that there is no background background for aluminum therapy as presently known with Diatomite I agreed we would definitely find whether or not there has been an interim report on the project since its inception published Dr. Anderson also and Williams who these men to find states there have been against exactly why are several authorities in this field ... Sanders aluminium therapy and he felt we should interview opposed to aluminum therapy Vorwald's opinion received on our April trip to Saranac that the less dangerous class than the flux calcined and special Dr. Anderson will discus with Dr. Smart the question brought up by Mr. Tellefsen on the status of rays individuals at Terrebonne where it is reported that no instances of any kind have occurred during the last fifteen year period likewise Dr. Anderson will further ascertain whether Dr. Smart has any information on the rays taken in the Great Lakes Basalt Plant as well as Eagle Picher Elko plant During the discussion Dr. Anderson stated that no new massive cases had occurred within last several years but that a progressive linear fibrosis had occurred in several cases He felt greatly concerned in regard to the susceptible than the normal and that such lung changes prevented treatment for such infection responding in the normal manner This was the opinion expressed by Dr. Smart in the case of Romero It was agreed that Messrs Westmont and Anderson would advise with us within the next several weeks just what they would like to do in the starting up of the alumimum therapy cc O. B. Westmont Lompoc A. S. Elsenbast File AE Wilton L. Halverson M. D. Director of Public Health April 19 19511951 ) Status of Aluminum in Silicosis and Diatomaceous Earth Pneumoconiosia - a Summary . 1. Metallic aluminum and aluminum oxide were first 1937 for the prophylaxis and therapy of suggested silicosis silicosis after it 2. On the basis of these reports aluminum inhalation was instituted for both prophylaxis and treatment of siliconia in a number of industries notably certain mines in Canada 3. All reports of beneficial results obtained in human to my beings , have been characterised by two features roentgen evidence of objective improvement as measured by pulmonary function or ray 4. In the one report of a controlled study of aluminum of which I am aware there was no difference in resulta demonstrated as between treated or control subjects 5. No statistical data have been published to my knowledge which would support the aolaim that aluminum prophylaxis has been effective There are known to be cases of miners with history of previous silica exposure who have shown roentogeno- logic progression despite aluminum administration 6. No evidence has been published in America to show that aluminum is in the amounts given for prophylaxis or therapy harmful to human beings However there have been European reports chiefly that aluminum German claiming dust inhalation causes & preumo- coniosis In Canada more recently Shaver's disease has come to attention This is a severe pneumoconiosis characterised by diffuse fibrosis and emphysema While the precise stiology is not yet certain the exposure involves high concentrations of alumimm and silica In tuberculous animals aluminum has been shown to be detri- mental and its use is therefore not advised in tuberculous persons ; - a 7. There has been stration may give a paion that the unproven aluminum admini / sense of secu andrrei sult t y in a roeflasxialticiaondiosfttpheroven fundamental environmental environmental controls a 8. So far as know aluminum has never been tried for the preven- . tion or treatment of diatomaceous earth pasunsconiosis in either a ~animathlast otrhemSaanranDarc.gArnotuhpoinny Lansa recently soon starting March 1951 informed or recently 7 started experimental animal work He stated it would probably it is proposed to use aluminum on subjects in Apparently on the of the belief ~ that diatomaceous diatomaceous beneficial beneficial Industry silicosis by inference for dicsosnavgeersdauteiotno other forms silica would ... ... 9. In my t...o wait ...the of a, with Dr. Lanza 3 stated want =S . results of animal experiments before instituting . He also did convinced aluminum advisability subjects 11/8 ... not seem d of the of setting up a control 8 advisability advisabilty better ; within the past two months In conversations with Dr. Reginald 11/8 a 10. first tried on . Smart consultant to the diatomaceous earth opposed to using aluminum unless it were , he wasS out animals He was also appreh aboe utnits s i posv sibe le toxic 1. Brown E.W. ! W Van Winkle and Siliosis of Status of Aluminum , J.A.M.A. 110 April 26 1951 Fayans X. E. Vice President & . Great Lakes Carbon Corporation - 18 East 48th Street . New York17 I. I. Treasurer continuation of Some months ago when we received a bill for ; the research program with diatomaceous earth at Saranae Laboratory the cost of which you previously had agreed to underwrite by third in order to facilitate matters you forwta o r us d a cehed ck made payable to the Trudeau Foundation for your share of the bill and we in turn forwarded it RI with our own check for the remaining thirds to Saranae ep In duceopurorccsedoeurue rse you received an acknowledgement direct from am wondering whether you want to follow them the procedure Dr. J. Lansa's trip to California representing a which he has sent | for hotel expenses In addition his round plane a nepy of for , representing his fee and paid in advance of the trip transportation New York Francisco so his total fee and expenses amounted andunting to that to 1607 If we split this on the same basis as the charges from Sarams it would be in order for you to send us your check payable to Dr. A. J. Lanus in amount of 535 and we would transmit it to his with our own check for 10a7 nd2 ask him to send an acknowledgement direct to you covering payment of your share of the expense It is our feeling which I believe is shared by Hr Tellefson that Dr. Lansa's trip to the Coasantd further check on our mutual problems was very wish while to our two companies trip his Dr. Hannon so far has not sent us any charges for to the Coast . Sincerely yours J. P. Woodard| seo - Lompoc Plant | > April 24 1951 . - gago gago CONFIDENTIAL Oo J.P. Woodard GHQ BOX 91 Dr. Anderson Mr. Westmont Dr. Cummins and the writer reviewed the present status gagogago included The writer advised the group of our recent discussion at Saranac which the ' advice that we have asked Dr. Vorwald for an estimate and program for the use of cortisone in conjunction conjunction with aluminum therapy \ ; The major item at issue was what Messrs Westmont and Anderson wanted do about aluminum therapy here at the Plant Dr. Anderson emphasized the fact that he should be consulted in the formulation of any research program on this subject and was assured that 1 The was in position to submit any recommendations and items at any and all times and WEN both Dr. Anderson and Mr. Westmont were assured every program be carried out on their approval this subject would be submitted to them for recommendations etc .. In this connection on the program which is to be carried out at Trudeau on aluminum Dr. Anderson requests very definitely and we agree with him that there should b therapyincluded if there is not any sufficient tests on tuberculosis treated pigs to determine wwhehtheer ther or not aluminum therapy has any effect on a superimposed powder condition We agreed that this should be done Dr. Anderson's attitude regarding aluminum therapy was that he was not against it but he | Certain- was not for it account of lack of sufficient technical information on the subject Certain- ly we all agree that there is no background for aluminum therapy presently known with . Diatomite I agreed that we would definitely find whether or there has been an interim , report McIntyre since npubloishedt 4 report the Anderson og project states there its inceptionpublished published _ ~ A in field ,f.e. interim ... authorities authorities in tthiiss fifeld ield f.e. Anderson Dr. also states that there are several in interview iand Williams who have been against aluminum therapy and he felt we should Sanders interview eSthese men to find exactly why they are opposed to aluminum therapy ny - I gave the group Dr. Vorwald's opinion received on our April trip to Saranac that the natural powder was in a much less class the flux calcined and special w& dangerous than B flux ccalcianed lcined powders GGiivevr er Giver Anderson Giver will Giver discuss with Dr. Smart the question brought up by Mr. Telofson on the / status of Rays on individuals at Terrebonne where it is reportedthat no instances of any kind have occurred during the last fifteen year period likewise Dr. Anderson will fur- GreatLakes _ ther ascertain whether Dr. Smart has any informationon the Rays taken inthe as | Plant EaglePitcher Elko plant Basalt as wellas ; owe. on maaerrereman rere as FR aa ames ee a 2 During the discussion massive last several years Dr. Anderson stated that no new but that a progressive fibrosis had cases had occurred within- occurred in several cases felt greatly concerned in regard to the suseptibility of individuals with lung changes to T.B. infection and gave his opinion . at the moment felt that individuals with marked changes appeared to be slightly more susceptible than the normal AOchanges prevented treatment for such infection responding in the opinion expressed normal the by Dr. Smart in the case of Romero and that manner such lunwgas This was Linear they starting would Linear It was agreed that Messrs Westmont and Anderson would advise with uswithin the next a several weeks just what like to do in the up of the aluminum therapy 5 0.B.Westmont0.B.Westmont0.B.Westmont a a aon aan Ce A. S. Linear W.H.Anderson Laompoc Elsenbast oe W.H.Anderson a ne April 23 1951 Dr. A. J. Lanza Chairmen Indu of s Indt ustrr ialiMea dicl ine New York UniverMs edici al t Ceny ter 177 First Avenue New York 16 Now Yark Dear Tony of. Quoted below is a letter just received from Dr. A. B. Cummins our Research Center wherein he gives certain information about the pl ae our Lampoa material and the titratable qualities Be . The pH of Lempos duate from natural earth and straight calcined products runs slightly on the said side of earth The dust from the flux products eined products runs somewhat on the alkaline side within the range of We have consi datd a ne ow orn ta he b pH l vale ues and titratable alka- prood f mu illc prot ducs ts but not very much on dusts themselves ques oftthi e qo uesn tiosns rai wes wile l md ake some tests us suggested awnedmsahyortly taoftegretmyinrettouurcnh fwriotmh tDrh.e WHeasntnoCnoaasstyotuhesuegagrleystpart of May I hope this answers the questions that Dr. Haan skedn of o you n and which questions I in turn pasos n te o Dd r. Cummins If there is further information needed may I suggest that Dr. Rannon write direct toi Dr. A. B. Cummins Research Canter Manville Corporation _ Manville New Jersey Yours sincerely 7. P. Woodard RIN TO M Mrr . .JD.onald Woodard R. Tellefso SUBJECT Report of trip to Lempos and Palos Verdes On Monday March 26 Mr. Page Woodard Mr. Hugh Jackson Mr. Donald Tellefsen and I met with Dr. Abrams at the California State Department of Health Dr. Abrams explained that Dr. Halverson the State Health Officer was ill and would not be Dr. Abrams is heaodf the Division of Adult Hygiene under which come industrial industrial bygiene activities He had with him Dr. Christine Kinert Dr. Leach the latter heading up the Tuberculosis Division of the State Depart and Dr. Health ment of : Aftera brief review of the whole question of occupational disease at Lampes and Palos Verdes the subject of aluminum prophylaxis was very thoroughly discu prosas ndecd an Dr. Abrams felt that it would be most desirable if the results of the animal experimente with aluminus and distommomeoaurtsh were prophylaxis was undertaken Dr. Hort felt if alumimm be vall and could prophylaxis supervised particularly if it could be correlated with pulmonary function tests that such an undertaking might prove of inestimable value not only to industry locally but to industry generally The attitude of State Health Department might be summed up in the statement that they would be glatdo reasio n annysreb asol nsbele endeavor and that they would supuspso upr pot rt if the whole project was adequataly supervised supervised Mr. " While in San Francisco Mr. Woodard Jaakson and I went to Redwood City went through the plant and examined a number of films and discussed the subject of medical supervision in this plant The following day I went to the University of California Hospital and net with the manager of the Redwood City plant his assistant Dr. Zast the Company Physician in Redwood City and who has been treating one of the Redwood Gify employees with Dr. Glansiriouse cortisone On the evening of the 27th at the invitation of Dr. Abrams I attended a meeting of the Northern California Industrial Hygiene Association where I made a talk on the general topic of pasumoconioses of almimam nuAmlblerthe of this were beak On March 26th went to Lompes where we had series dis- our stay in Lompos we made talp to the plant and also spent some Dr. Mr.under way Wednesday I a of cussions with Anderson Westmont Mr. Legge Mr. Woodard and Mr. Jackson the It developed that Dr. Anderson had a of reservatiownitsh respent to . advisabil proi phyt laxy is angles discussed and forth and I fals that by the tiwm e he ad left so if m not e all of Br Anderson's had beam objections had been resolvweidth Ddri.atAonmdaecresoousn reaairstehdatnhdeaplouimntimtmhatOuthrerpeosition was no animal experimentation that such experimentation was and that the information available from all sources made it so worthwhile to try aluminum prophylaxis without having to wait a possibly two years the results of the animal experimenta- year or for tion which might or might not add materially to our present knowledge During a I time with z whe On Thursday the 29th Hr Woodard Mr. Jackson Hr Tellefsen and I had a long confermce with Dr. Smart in Los Angeles Dr. Quart also raised the question of the desirability of mimal experimentation before with aluminum prophylaxis and disc weuds iss cue ssd ed this back and forth for some time He raised the point that if the results of animal experimentation with diatomaceous might and aluminum were not available before prophylaxis was begun _ that it might create a detrimental legal situation in the event that any indivi- dual might had been injured suit against either of the companies alleging that his lungs by the aluminum The following day Friday March 30th we had another long discussion with Dr. Smart On Friday afternoon Hr Tellefsen Mr. Stockton and I called upon it Ives a prominent attorney in Los Angeles and legal consultant for the Great Lakes Carbon Company We raised the point , that Dr. Smart had made and Hr Ives gave it as his opinion that aluminum the hadr nowabep en uy sed for a mumber of years in thousands of instances and no untoward effects had ever been reporteandd no trouble had ever arisen as a result That inasmuch as diatomaceous earth was a siliceous dust and the companies concerned vere endeavoring to protect the health and being of their employees and were proposing to institute a prophylactic treatment that gave promise of value he did not feel that there was any danger of the com panies being charged with negligence This attitude on the part of Kr Ives semed to relieve Dr. Smart considerably On Saturday the 31st Mr. Tellefsom and I visited the plant of the Great Lakes Carbon Company a Palos Verdes where ve varevare metmet by Mr. Stockton Here again mich of the same items that had bem discussed in the previous - days were gone over again with Mr. Stockton After returning to Los Angeles on Saturday evening I had another con- vernation with Dr. Smart over the telephone As far as Dr. Smart is concerned I felt that his attitude was that he would very much like to try the aluminum prophylaxis provided that he did not become involved in medico diffimil ties by so doing While in Los Angeles I saw Dr. Rutherford Johnstone and inasmuch as he is now an official consultant to the State Health Department I felt that it vas most advisable to discuss our situation with him The chances are that sooner or later it will be brought to his official notice and if he is prepared it will be greatly to his advantage and to ours It should be appreciated that after each conference we had with the arious physicians Mr. Woodard Mr. Jackson Mr. Tellefsen and I met and thoroughly discu ths e s vare iod us opinai ndoponins ts of view that had been , We did this to adjust our own thinking and to make certain that we had not left any important points out I have the feeling and so do the others who accompanied me that this trip was immensely useful and only by sitting down with all concerned and thrashing out all the points involved could we ever hope to get a fair degree of unanimity among all the parties concerned Necessarily there would be divergent views expressed but I feel that these differences can be reconciled so as to permit of a harmonpiro ogurasm The following points arose during the course of our visit which were 3e of particular interest Dr. Abrams raised the matter of the reporting of occupational discuses He pointed out that the law was designed to cover acute illnesses and that it was difficult to interpret with respect to chronis cccupational disease and was most confusing He said to us that he felt we were in a better position to make maggestions as to how the regulation might be worded and he hoped that we give him some constructive criticism Later in Los Angeles Mr. Tellefson and I discussed this question with Mr. Ives Mr. Ives read over the procedure formulated by Mr. Woodard and Mr. Jackson and in use at Manville and he said that he was in completa agrommit with it and that there was no question in his mind but that that precedure met the legal requirements However he thought we should give serious consid^'rationto complying with Dr. Abrams suggestion Otherwise they might go ahead on their own initiative and draft the regulation in a for that might be quite objectionable While in San Francisco I had a visit with Dr. Shepard of the Metro- politan Life Insurance Company Dr. Shepard is the foremost public health authority on the West Coast He in a friend of the State Health Officer and he was appointed as a consultantto the State Department of Health in matters of industrial hygiene by the Governor Dr. Rutherford Johnstone of Los Angeles - has bem similarly appointed for the southern part of the State Dr. Shepard informed me that a new Medical Director of the State Industrial Commission had just been appointed namely Dr. John L. Barritt formerly of San Diego Dr. Nardo who is the County Health Officer of Santa Barbara County has expressed himself in opposition to aluminum therapy However I do not feel any particular apprehension on this score and have left the matter in Dr. Shepard'sShepard's hands who has stated he will gladly be of assistance Dr. Smart felt that the literature should be searched so that there would be no possibility of looking any reference to aluminum ther 'pyor aluminum prophylaxis that might contain an adverse opinion He has a competent research assistant on his staff who has already started this job and as soon as the preliminary part of it is finished he will inform MG Dr. Smart felt that it was desirable to know that aluminum in acubina / tion with diatomaceous earth does not develop toxic properties and thought that possibly intravenous or peritoneal injestions wight determine this in a relatively short period of time This will be discussed with Dr. Vorvald very shortly The matter of pulmonary function teste is of very great importunes a tealmique can be devised that is applicable to industrial work in contradistinction to a research laboratory On April 10th Dr. Bannon at my request came to New York to demonstrate a device of his for estimating pul- monary function were present Bellewe Dr. There at this demonstration of the State demonstration Dr. Amberson of Committee appointed by the cases and several other persons including non- Bellewe Dr.Edgar siliconia bere of my staff here I will make a separate report on this as soon as I have had a chance to discuss the subject with the other persons who were present who SUMMARY The following details are to be followed ups 1. Support of Industrial Commission of California 2. Drafting of regulation on reporting of pneumoconioses At least attempt should be made to do this 3. Follow of experimental work in Saranae If necessary visits to Barunas to find out what progress is being ande and what results are evident 4. Follow search of literature on aluminum April 11 1951 Lansa M.D. M.D. Confidential FILE COPY Hers Fu April 16 1951 15/115/1 A. S. Elsenbast Industrial Hygiene Diatomaceous Earth Attached is Dr. Lansa's memorandum covering our recent West Coast trip which is being given to you today so you will have a chance to study this and then review the subject with Westy and the others at Lompoc Sorry I do not have an extra copy but if you want to leave this with Westy do so for I have one left and can make copies from it In addition to the points for follow outlined by Dr. Lanza on page 4 of his memorandum to which we all agreed I suggest that inamuch as it appears likely the McIntyre type of powdered alumimm will be used 1. We have the mechanical job done of laying out at least in simple sketch the method by which we anticipate the aluminum will be administered to people We must of course first decide who is to be treated and it is my assumption that certainly all in the mill will be treated and possibly others except perhaps those in the office so as to avoid making the mill operation appear more hazardous than the operations in the rest of the plant 2 On the assumption that the use of aluminum will be undertaken set up the entire plan for the handling of this matter from the angle of personnel affected 3. We follow the obviously right course of continuing our dust abatement program realising that elimination of dust is the really sure way of eliminating all difficulties After you come back from Lampes I hope we can review this situation together and see what our program should be J. P. Woodard RENE Ace MENQRANDEM Revision Revision Revison Revision ; TO Mr. Page Woodard . Mr. R. Fellefson Mr. Donald Talla~ ion SUBJECT of trip to Lompos and Palos Verdes Page Woodard Health Health On Monday 26 Mr. Mr. Hugh Jackson at the California State Department of Dr. Abrams would not be and I met with Abrams that Dr. Malverson the State Health Officer was Division of Adult Hygiene and under which come explained Dr. Abrams is head of the present of the State Depart- the Tuberculosis Division and Dr. Bush the latter heading up of the diatomaceous earth were prophylaxis The attiitundeesotfima generally result anims al ment of Health of cupational disease at After a brief of the whole question prophylaxis was very thoroughly subject of aluximum be most desirable if the Lempos and Palos Verdes Dr. Abrams felt that it would discussed pro and con experiments and with aluminumDr. Einert felt that if aluminum was undertaken available before prophylaxis partisularly if it could be correlated could be well supervised supervised and partisularly night prove of function tests quch an undertaking with pulmonary they would to industry locally belt to industry that not valuone ly sued Ap statement Department might be in the the State Health andavor and that they would give us support be glad to cooperate in any reasonable andavor sed adequately if the whole project was superat Jackson and went to Redwood I in San While Francisco Hr Woodard of films and discussed the went through the plant and the examined a number following day I went to with City of medical supervision in this plant The of the Redwood City subject of California Hospital and met with the manager Redwood City and Upnliavnetrsihtiys assistant Dr. East the Compaonnye ofPhytshieciaRnediwnood City employees with Br Giansiriousa who has been treating ^' cortisone . *, invitation of Dr. Abrams I attended where I made On the evening of the 27th at the Association Hygiene Hygiene a meeting of the Northern California Industrial pneumoconioses a talk on the general topic of had a series of dis- we March 28th I went to Lompoc where Woodard and Mr. Jackson On Wednesday Mr. Westmont Mr. Legge Mr. m to the Dr. Anderson cussions with number of reservations respect It developed that Dr. Anderson had a All the angles of this vere discussed beak advisability of aluminum prophylaxis had left some if not all of Dr. Anderson's and forth andI felt that by the time we raised the point that there had been objections had been resolved Dr. Anderson earth and alumimum Our position was with diatomaceous experimentation no animal experimentation and that the information available from such experimentation that was under way experimentation aluminum prophylaxis without worthwhile to try of the animal without having experimenta- all sources made it seem for the results to wait a year or possibly two years to our present knowledge During which might or might not add materially and I also spent some tike with tion we made a trip to the plant our stay in Lompoc medical department Dr. Anderson in the plant had a long bonference with Dr. Smart in Los Angeles raias lsoe raid sed the question of the desirability of animal experimentation with aluminum prophylaxis and again ve disenssed this bick time He raised point that if the results of and alumimm were not available before prophylaxis was begun a detrimental legal situation the event that any indivi- against either of the companies alleging that his lungs had been injured by aluminum The following day Friday March 30th we had another long discussion with Dr. Smart On Friday afternoon Mr. Tellefsen and legal consultafnotr that Dr. Smart had made and therapy had now been used for ^ mumb ofeyer ars Aompany . his opinion that aluminum in thousands of instancaensd no untoward effects had ever reported and a result That inasmauscdiahtus companies concerned were endeavoring earth endeavoring to profeet the health and being of their employees and were proposingbe institute gave promise of value he did not feel panies being charged with negligence This attoi n tht e pu artd of e Mr. Ived seamed to relieve Dr. Smart considerably Great Lakes Carbon Company at Palos Verdus where ve vere not by Mr. Stockton Here again mch of the same items items that had been discussed in the previous days were gone over again with New Stockton \ After returning to Las ingeles on Saturday evening I had another con- the fa asr Dr. conc isecr onn cee rnd ed I felt that his attitude was prophylaxis provided that he much not become involved like to try the alumimm involved in medico difficul- ties by so doing While in Los Angeles I saw Dr. Rutherford Johnatone and inasmuch as he is now an official commultant commultant to the State Health Department was most advisable to discuss our situation with him The sooner or later it be brought to his official notice and to it will be greatly his advantage and to ours ; It should appreciated that after each conference we had various physicians physicans Mr. Woodard Mr. Jackson Mr. Tellefsen and discussed the various opinions and points of view that had been did this to adjust our own thinking and to make certain that we expressed bid not , important points out expressed We left any I have the feeling and so do the others who accompanied me this thrashing trip was of immensely useful and only by sitting down with all out all the points involved sould we ever hope to unanimity among all the parties concerned Necessarily divergnt divergent views so as to permit expressed but I of a harmonious feel that program these differences concerned get a fair degree there vould reconeiled can be reconeiled The following points arose during the course of our visit which were BAH HK interest Dr. Abrams raised the matter of the reporting of of particular out that the law was designed to cover occupational diseases He pointed difficult to interpret with respect to chronie acute illnesses and that it was felt we occupational disease and was most confusing He said to us that as to how the regulation regulation might were in a better position to make suggestions constructive criticism be worded and he hoped that we would givedihsicmussseom de thconistrsuctivequestion with Later in Los Angeles Mr. Tellefsen and I formulated by Mr. Woodard and Mr. Ives Mr. Ives read over the procedure and he said that he was in complete Mr. Jackson and in use at Manville was no question in his but that that agreement with it and that there However he thought we should give procedure met the legal requirementwsith Dr. Abrams suggestion Otherwise stehreiyoumsighcotnsgiodearhateia ondtothceoimrploywinnginitiative and draft the regulation in a form that might be quite objectionable / \ in San Francisco I had a visit with with Dr. Shepard of the Metro- While Dr. Shepard the foremost public health politan Life Insurance Company He is a great friend of the State Health Officer authority on the West Coast of Health in the State and he was appointed as a consultant to the Governor Department Dr. Eutherford Johnstone of matters of industrial hygiene by the southern part of the State Los Angeles has been similarly appointed of the State Industrial Dr. Shepard informed me that a nov within Director the last day namely Dr. Harde who Commission had just been appointed for the previous three months had County Health Officer in Santa Barbara and Dr. Nardo had expressed hiphelf in opposition to aluminum therapy County done unless the State Industrial Commission obviously of course nothing can modifies its views However I not feel any particular apprehension on this as I hear score and have left the matter in Dr. Shepard's hands and as soon all concerned further from him I will let know looking any reference Dr. Smart felt that the/ literature should be seatrochaeldumisonutmhatthetrhaepryeor would be no possibility of He has a coll- aluminum prophylaxis that might contain an adverse opinion started this job and research assistant on his staff who has already pasetesnoton as the preliminary part of it is finished he will inform me it was desirable to know that aluminum in combina- Dr. Smart felt that not develop toxic properties and thought with diatomaceous earth does determine this in a tion intravenous or peritoneal injections might that possibly This will be discussed with Dr. Vorwald very relatively short period of time shortly persons who function tests is of very great importance The matteorf pulmonary to industrial work in a technique can be devised that is applicable at provided research laboratory On April 10th Dr. Hannon my contradistinction to a device of his for estimating pul- request came to New York to demonstrate a Dr. Amberson of function There were present at this demonstration the monary Chairman of the State Committee apointed by Bellevue Dr. Edgar Mayer and several other persons including non- Governor rule on silicosis cases report on this as soon as I make bers of my staff here I will make a separate were present have had a chance to discuss the subject with the other - After report e in Dr. Shepard's tyned but before ian as as eet epee continue Meatcal new new Meatcal Meatcal distribution distribution Dr. Lanze Ph ar: as as not not pocurate pocurate learned that So So ffaar r es es Director Director bera Director Director will will County Shepard just be be instead instead instead instead of Mario of MarioMario Mario ~~ SUMMARY The following details are to be followed ups | \ \ California California 1. Support of Industrial Commission of 2 Drafting of regulation on reporting of pnsumgoonis At least attempt should be made to do this 3. Follow of experimental work in Saranae If necessary progress visits to Saranac to find out what and what results are evi, mt is being made i Follow search of literature on aluminum f Jf * 4 April 11 1951 , Ny % 5 %, an %, n \ t re i ! / , f Sy ^' Mg $ A.J Lansa M.D. ? t : \ x, yy %. X, s ; q f 2 g.com g.com a B th of " % , ; ; ca : / ~ \ \ ay, % iN \ \=z 4 Sy 4 N y . we een Bee 2 agreepeeleelibeneed BS ss 5 n Ps a April 16 1951 Dr. A. J. Varwald Director The Saranac Laboratory Saree Lake New York Dear Art Doubtless you made the note during our discussion last dence at Lompoc and let us know if you find anything tenon recall that you mentioned your impression that will ve had had quite a bit of it whereas we were not aware of this and you woyu ou l woud ld kn usoknw ow what if anything you could find will advise advise Elsenbest Elsenbest bc A. S. Elsenbast J. P. Woodard April 16 1951 A. S. Elsonbast Industrial Hygiene - Lampoo Here is a copy of Dr. J. W. G. Hannon's brief letter after his return from the Coast He is sing that we should first decide what people we want to treat before he goes ahead with doing further work on this Doubtless you will want to discuss this with Mr. Westmont J. P. Woodard ee sat TARA April 16 1951 Dr. A. J. Yorwald Director The Saranae Laboratory P. O. Box 551 Sure Lake New York Dear Art At our meeting last Friday you said that there had wwhheerree tthheerree hhaadd bbeess lluunngg ddaammaaggee bbrroouugghhtt aabboouut t by an aurped fit Informatio that of this other indivi and see what their reaction is Yours sincerely bas A. S. Elsenb st : ek 2 ARR, Mee ERY en ete fe meat ee ag Ey nite: April 16 1951 Dr. A. J. Lansa Chairman Instutute of Industrial Medicine N. Y. Bellevue Medical Center 477 First Aveme New York 16 New York Dear Tony Here is a copy of the notes I made of the discussion Mr. Elsenbast Hr Tellefson and I had at Serans with members of the Seranas Laboratory staff on Friday April 13 Yours sincerely Inclosure rn Apri1l6 1951 me i cb Your fter Hyziane Mea niamaagd % Avril on | The pH of Lempee dusts from natural aonwes alkaline side within the rangoef 7.5-8.5 7.5-8.5 7.5-8.5 wl oe ues and of mill titratable alkalinities pre- . ducts but not very much on dusts themselves nt fab of Because the questions raised we will make some testass suggested and shortly after xy return from the West Coast the early of May we may to get in with wish touch Dr. Hannon as you suggestwish A. B. oct A. S. Elsenbast - GHQ 4 R. Williams ~ Res Gen. the Confidential = a 4/18 Fu April 16 1951 / A. S. Elsenbart Diatomaceous Earth Pneumoconiosis When we not with the Sarance staff last week you will recall that Mr. Tellefson of Great Lakes Carbon said he had been given to und stand that no lung changes had occurred among verkers at the Basalt plant where natural powders are being handled and further that Dr. Smart had not even found any lung changes mang the workers at Terrebonne Oregon where calcined naterial is made At both lesstions fresh vater material is understood to be the type of deposit though this may not be significant It seemed no one in the group knew why there should be the difference between calcined at Oregen and at the California plant beesuse it had been assumed that chemically the two matewr ereiaa boul t ts he same Doubtless Dr. Cummins is familiar with this some significant difference in the material should be followed up and perhaps he knows of It would appear that this with Reg You might discuss this Smart himself if you get a chance er perhaps Dr. Lansa should check it with him ces A. J. Lanza D. A. B. Cummins Manville Research J. P. Woodard Copy of draft of Dr. L. a's report MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM April 11 1951 Subject Report of trip to Lompoc and Palos Verdes . On Monday March 26 Nr Page Woodard Ir Hugh Jackson and Mr. Donald mellefsen and I met with Dr. Abrams at at the the the CalifoCranliafornia California California State Department of Health Dr. Abrams explained that that DrDr.. HHalverson alverson the State Health Officer was ill and would not be present Dr. Abrams is head of the Division Adult Hygiene under which come industrial hygiene activities He had with him Christine Einert and a few other doctors from his staff After a brief review of the whole question occupational occupational disease at Lompoc and Palos Verdes the subject of discussed pro and con Dr. Einert felt that if aluminum prophylaxis could be well supervised and particularly correlated with pulmonary function tests that such an undertaking might prove of inestimable value not only The attitude of the State Health that they would be glad to cooperate in and that they would give is support if the whole project mat Ir Noclard Mr. Jackson and I went to Redwood examined a number of films and discussed the City Redwood Redwood in City aand nd Dr. Dr. GiaGianpircusa npiricusa Gianpiricusa Gianpiricusa Gianpiricusa who has has been been treating treating one of the the Redwood Redwood Redwood City City employes employees wwiith twihth cortisone cortisone On the evening of the 27th at the invitation of Dr. Abrams I attended meeting of the Northern California California California Industrial Industrial Evgiene Evgiene where association association where I made made a talk on the general topic of pneumoconioses On Wednesday March 28th I went to Lompoc where we had a series of discussions with Dr. Anderson Mr. Westmont Mr. Legge Mr. Woodard and Mr. Jackson It developed that Dr. Anderson had a number of reservations with respect to the advisability of aluminum prophylaxis All the angles of this were discussed back and forth and I felt that by the time we had left some if not all of Dr. Anderson's objections had been resolved Dr. Anderson raised the point that there had been no animal experimentation with diatomaceous earth and aluminum . Our position was that such experimentation was under way and that information available from all sources made it seem worth while to try aluminum prophylaxis which might or might not add materially present knowledge During our Dr. Anderson in the plant medical On Thursday the 29th , Mr. Jackson Mr. Tellefsen and I had a long conference with Los Angeles Dr. Smart also raised the question of desirability of animal experimentation before proceeding with earth and aluminum were available before prophylaxis was begun that it might create e detrimental legal situation in the event that any individual might bring suit against either of the companies alleging that his lungs had been injured by the aluminun The following day Friday March 30th we had another long dis- cussion with Dr. Smart On Friday afternoon Mr. Tellefsen Fr. Stockton and I I called upon Mr. Ives a prominent attorney in Los Angeles and legal consultant for the Great Lakes Carbon Company We raised the point that Dr. Smart had made TT EE ' Ye -3- and Mr. Ives gave it as his opinion that aluminum therapy had now been used in for a number of years thousands of instances and no untoward effects had and ever been reported no trouble had ever arisen as a result That inasmuch a siliceous dust and the companies concerned were as diatomaceous earth was the health and being of their employees and endeavoring endeavoring to protect treatment that gave promise of value posing to institute a prophylactic were that did not feel that there was any danger of the companies being being charged with prohe negligence This attitude on the part of Mr. Ives seemed relieve Dr. Smart considerably On Saturday Mr. Tellefsen and Carbon Company at Palos Verdes where we were Mr. Stockton Here again I felt that his attitude prophylaxis provided provided that he Saturday evening I had another conAs far as Dr. Smart is concerned . would very much like to try the aluminum did not become involved in medico difficulties by so doing While in Los Angeles I saw Dr. Rutherford Johnstone and inasmuch as he official consultant to the State Health Department I felt that it was is now an most advisable to discuss our situation with him The chances are that sooner to his official notice and if he is prepared it will be or later it will be brought greatly to his advantage and I have the feeling to ours and so did the others who accompanied me that this with all concerned and thrashtrip was immensely useful and only by sitting down ing out all the unanimity among points involved all the parties could we ever hope to get a fair degree concerned Recessarily there would be of divergent views expressed but I feel that these differences can be reconciled so as to permit of a harmonious program The following points arose during the course of our visit which were of particular interest Dr. Abrams raised the matter of the reporting of occupational diseases He pointed out that the law was designed to cover acute illnesses and that it was difficult to interpret with respect to chronic occupational disease and was most confusing He said to is that he felt we were in a better position to make suggestions as to how the regulation might be worded and he hoped that we would give him some constructive criticism Later in Los Angeles Mr. Tellefsen and I discussed this question with Mr. Ives Mr. over the procedure his mind but that that procedure met the legal requirements However he thought we should give Otherwise they might go ahead complying with Dr. Abrams suggestion initiative and draft the regulation visit with Dr. Shepard of the Metropolitan Life authority on the West Coast He is he was appointed as a consultant to the industrial hygiene by the Governor therford Johnstone of Los Angeles has been similarly appointed for the La, southern art of the State Dr. Shepard informed informed that a new Medical Director of the State Industrial Commission had just been appointed within the last day namely Officer Dr. Nardo who for for the previous three months had been County Health in Santa Barbara County himself in Dr. Nemdo had expressed himself in opposition eer be done unless the State to aluminum therapy and obviously of course nothing Industrial Commission modifies its views However I do not feel any particular accretension on this score and have let the matter in Dr. Sheperd's hands and as I soon as I hear further from him shall let all concerned know Dr. Smart felt that the literature should be searched so that there would be no possibility of overlooking any reference to aluminum therapy or aluminum prophylaxis that might contain an adverse opinion He has a competent research assistant on his staff who has already started this job job and as soon as the preliminary part of it is finished he will will inform me tion with Dr. Smart felt that it was desirable to know that aluminum in combina- diatomaceous earth does not develop toxic properties and thought that possibly intravenous or peritoneal injections might determine short period of time 4 This will be discussed with Dr. this in a relatively very shortly The matter of pulmonary function of very great importance provided a technique can be devised that applicable to industrial work in contradistinction to a research laboratory request came to New York to demonstrate pulmonary function There wer On April 10th Dr. Hannon at my device of his for estimating demonstration Dr. Amberson of Bellevue Dr. Edgar Mayer Chairman Governor to rule on of my staff here I will chance to discuss the make subject Committee appointed by the other persons including members separate report on this as soon as I have had with the other persons who were present SUMMARY SUMMARY The The following details are to be followed followed up 1. 2 2. . Jupport Jupport of of IndustrialIndustrial Industrial Commission Commission of of California California California Drafting Drafting Drafting of of regulation regulation regulation on reporting reporting reporting reporting pneumoconioses pneumoconioses pneumoconioses of pneumoconioses At least least 3. Follow of experimental work in SSaaSrraanencecaranec If necessary visits to Saranac to find out what progress is being mamadede and what results are evident 4. Follow search of literature on aluminum Confidential A. S. Elsenbast Industrial Hygiene - Lampos Two or three points were made by Dr. Hannon after his return from the West Coast in conversation with Dr. Lange and the following are some that sean worth passing on at the moment 1 He suggested that we determine the pH of the serial dust in the mill i.e. the dust that would likely be taken into the lungs 2 If the pH is high then try to reduce it in whatever way seems feasible 3 Determine the titratable alkalinity of the dust Dr. Hannon's belief is that the adverse effect of the dust may be nate- rially greater than it otherwise would be because of the alkalinity of the dust I don't know on what he bases this theory but Dr. Langa semed to be impressed by it My knowledge of chemistry is very limited but I am sure these points will , be of greater meaning to you and Dr. Cummins I wonder if it will be practicable and feasible to make the determination that Dr. Hannon suggests Will Dr. Cummins please answer this question and sug whatg mige ht bs e dt one It might be well if Dr. Cummins would him- self explore this with Dr. Hannon by writing to him His address is J. W. G. Hannon M. D. McIntyre Research Foundation 628 Washington Trust Building Washington Pennsylvania 001 A. B. Cummins Manville Research Ie IS E RE EAT ^' TARA OID OER RATE ER NE TN IT CS AOD Ee ee eee D.H.Q. D.H.Q. April 11 1951 Dr. A. Cummins ~~ Manville Identification of Alumimm Hydrate Films of Importance in Silicosis Prevention" L.H. Germer and K.H. Storks Bell Telephone Laboratories E.Y.C. The above article vas reprinted from Analytical Edition of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry US 1939 Vol 11 Page 583 November 15 ~~ ee low US Referring to the above I think it would be well worth your while or that of one of your men to have a discussion with the people who vrete this paper to see if they have any further ideas on this alui film silica coating day es compared to their observations at the time the above paper was written With present day equipment and the information obtained within people the last ten years these helpful to us might be very a iv ce J.P. Woodard H.M. Jackson Arthur Elsenbast o / TF SRNR re RRR RTT ARS EE TONNE ON ERNE RT RTE POWDERED ALEMIJN HEIROFIE IN DIATOMAGEOUS EARTH PHEUNDCOHIOSTE to wills Corporation How York New York Submitted by Arthur J. Vorwald D. Director The Saranae Laboratory and The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation October 6 1990 In furtherance of a discussion held in Saranae Lake New York on June 29 1950 by Mr. Arthur ElsenbesMrt. Page Wooda andrDd y. A. B. Cummins of the Navills Corporation New York City and represoe f tn he t Saraant te i Labv ere ates ry and in respotn o s sue b- sequent requests from Mr. Elsenbest and Mr. Woodard a proposal is submitted herewith envering the methods time ters in connection with an experimental study of and other fee- ienian The Perdered Hydroxide is a product developed and pre- parbyetd he Saranas Laboratory It has been used by us during the past eight years in a large series of experimental studies which warrant the following conclusions 1. Experiments by injection and inhalation showed no evidence of any toxicity or any chronic change that appeared to affect the health of the animals 3. When used therapeutically vis given after the of a sili proc cese s tht e pi rodc uct was very effective in preventing progression of | silli esic onss in t thei luc ngs The actiown as - limited however to the lungs with little or no evidence of prevention in the tracheobron- chial lymph nodes In consequence of these results we believe the Powdered it is impossible to know whether that combination will stimulate in the lung a disease process much more severe than that due to Diate- maceous Earth alone Study of pulmontaisrsuye from Diatomaceous Earth workers and from experimental animals exposed to the calcined product re- tisastiu sse ue reaction with persistent celluler fibrosis The development of nature fibrosis with hyalinization is long delayed and seldom reaches the intensity typical of the reaction to free crys silt ios a in tl he fl ormi of n quae rts It is highly probable that the amorphous silios present in Diatomosous Earth sccounts for this difference In any event the fact that the tissue re- sponse remains more cellular leads to the conjecture that Powdered Almimm Hydroxide may be even more effective with Diatomaceoms Earth type of fibrosis than with the less type For that reason we propose both a prophylactic therapeutic expto e ts he e fldu because that product is than is the Natural Earth product within enclosed studies it must be needed that the Natural agent However if the Hydrazsihoduled against the more injurious salained product there is every reason to believe that it would act similarly against the Natural Earth In submitting the proposal we have debated the introduction of a second room for exposure of animals to the inhalation of equal atmospheric concentrations of the calcined product but without the Hydroxide Thus contral animals could be studied we However -3- PERLE EET GT PE ep eleated not to set up the control room because the character and extent of tissue reaction at intervals of exposure to the salained product is known from previous experience Also introduction of the control room would more than double the cost of the experiment and occasion we believe unnecessary expense to the Manville Carporation atmospheric concentration of the powder would be maintained a levelwhich we have as identif effiece tid ve against in the form of quarts Animals would be sacrificed at intervals during the course of the experiment while others would remain in the dust until its termination The lungs of these animals would be analysed chemically and petrographically for the presence of silica and aluminum They and other tissue would also be studied histologically to determine the character and extent of the pathology present It will be noted that a room has been substituted for a chauber in the experiment This is believed advisable not only becautshee room allows a greater mmber of animals but also because it affords more space for the technical phase of the study necessitating two dispersion units one for the Diatomaceous Earth and one for the Powdered Alumimm Hydroxide In addition since more space would be available it would be possible if desired to of pos miss s for i study b of anyl possie ble relationship Diatomaceous Earth purosoniosis and believe might be accomplisihneads . Thiswe at the script will termination of the experiment Before publication the namS be submitted to Manville for review The use of a room will eliminate the expense of a new chamber Thus all of the financial support can be directed to the immediate problem with space enough for a signivf ali id c mama bernoftanl imay ls and for an extension of the program to pulmonary cancer 5 one ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE MEST AND POWDERED METALLIC ALUMINUM NaINTYRE IN DIATOMACHOUS EARTH PREUMOCONIOSIS Substituting Page 6 Proposal dated October 6 1950 The budgetary requirements for pursuing an cerning the use of two forms of alumimm in telegram dated December 13 1950 signed * Corporation are as follows 1. Perefoq r Pu ereaqul al Pathologist industrial Hygienist chemist technicians \ secretarial assistance 2. Capital Equiment / 3. 500 200 4. Maintenance of two dust chambers 5 TOTAL 900 400 1.500 10,500 submitted December 15 1950 SEN PEP FT Pre EES Ee EER. STE ap Sane neem de! Jai tiationof bxperiness The room will be available on November 1 - at which time the experiment can be started should Manville Corporation vish the Saranac Laboratory to pursue the investigation AJY be 7. On Tuesday night March 27 Hugh Jackson and I went to Lampos 8. You went to Lempos on Wednesday morning March 28 There was a meeting on that date with Plant Manager Vestment Dr. Anderson E. and T. Legge Dr. Anderson shied away from the alumimm therapy and disclosed a letter from Dr. Murde that said more proof was needed 9. In Los Angeles you Don Tellefsen Hugh Jackson and I met with think six months tests at Sarante with the high concentrati should show this part afti er tc he fu irstl ania malsr havl e by een c Dr. Smart wonders whether or not diatomaceous earth and alumin in combination are toxis He suggests venous and peritoneal injections be tried out to determine this It is thought that Saranac is running such tests anyway d Dr. Smart suggests that Dr. Hannon take his machine to Kotleiys 10. You went to see Dr. Johnstone and were to plant at Falos Verdes You also saw their legal expert Mr. Ives and discussed the matter of when reports should be made in the case of ray pneumoof cpnoen umi ocoonsioisiss a 2 x s t April 10 1951 Dr. A. J. Varvald Director The Saranac Laboratory P. O. Box 551 Saranac Lake New York Dear Art Recently I have been fortunate in being able to spend like to come up some time and we agreed that we would within wefe ew k wees ks tha e dayr thee re Our being there would not require a great deal of your time nor that of any of your specialists who we know are very busy like be there at a time you would conand I wonder if you would please give me a few days two to four weeks hence when it would be convenient for us to Yours sincerely J. P. Woodard April 10 1951 management groups the subject of the use of aluminm dust with diatomaceous earth to determine whether the use of almimm therapy should be initiated and if so in generwaheln in what manner and what people would be given the treatment etc. 1. You Hugh Jackson Don Tellefsen and I met in San Francisco on March 26 with Dr. Abrams and some of his staff consisting of Drs Bush Finert and Leach to review with these State Health authorities the subject of alumimm therapy and our present thinking about its use in our two com panies in order first to get their reactions 2. My notes say that they appreciated our attitude in reviewing the subject with than that they confessed some lack of information and experience on the subject but that they felt we ware right in going ahead with a controlled program 3. Dr. W. L. Halverson head of the State Health Department was ill and did not meet with the group 4. You later visited at the invitation of Dr. Abrams the new Industrial Hygiene Laboratory in Berkeley 5. Late Monday afternoon March 26 we all went to Redwood City to inspect the plant and talk with the local management particularly about the two sabestosis Palomar disabled and receiving compensation and Lesby supposedly ill but still working and coming back on the job a few days after we were there 6. It will be recalled that Leahy is taking cortisons and you met with Dr. East and others Lewa ithh Leay hy at the hospoi n Tt uea sdl ay March 27 to discuss this matter I believe you said Leahy said he felt better but no one could quite see why he should Dr. A. J. Lansa New York University Medical Center April 10 1951 Page3 I. Follow up on the search of literature to get as promptly as possible refeonrale umin mmc the eras py II Push Serame to see that we get all possible information as quickly as we can from the work that they are doing Den Tellefsen told me yesterday he just heard Seranse has only now started on the run which is a surprise to me > by III Lay out our plans as to just how alumimm will be administered assuming that it is to be and how we expect to handle the personnal matter of telling the men about it The purop f do oins g te hese two things now would be in order that we might have had a to think the thing through and discuss it from all and be in a position to move promptly when we decide to do so IV Contime to carry out our dust abatement program with all energy we can command realizing that elimination of dust sure way of preventing illnesses caused by dust the is the You said we would get together on your report and I hope you will give me a ring when you get at it I am sorry I didn't get this in the nail to you on Monday Yours sincerely J. P. Woodard FILE FILE COPY COPY April 10 1951 450 DTrh.e A. J. VerwaVld erwald Director 55 Hax2 552 Sarane Lake New York Dear Arts In your letter of February 14 which was 1 reply to nine of January 23 you said you were t ending with wagid ans connection with the in diatonnesque the diatonnesque diatonnesque On sp ben and assuming siddia of Febrancy ben you vrete it on for emne sath Questions have been raised at times about just what will result in these tests with diatomaceous earth which have not heretafore been run and that is the reason for my writing you shout this I wonder if you will let me know about this as econ os yu ee el Yours sincerely J. P. Woodard H. M. Jackson General Headquarters April 10 1951 0. B. Westmont - Lompoc Industrial Hygiene - Lompoc You will recall it was mentioned when we were was no copy there of the Saranac Proposal for running on aluminum and diatomaceous earth there at Lompoc that there the experiment they are Attached is a copy of the Saranac Proposal entitled Powdered Alumin in Diatomaceous Earth Pneumoconiosis dated October 6 1950 Hydroxide which I believe were only the This was to be followed with some changes following 1 One chamber was to use MaIntyre powdered alumimm and another the powdered aluminum hydroxide as originally proposed by Saranas 2. The matter of whether 500 p.p.e.f. will be used or whether that quantity is too high is not yet definitely determined Dr. Vorwald now says this is a far lower concentration than that which killed the animals in the other experiment This will be checked with him 3 It was understood that interim reports would be issued at intervals not greater than four months 4. There was some consideration given to running tests on cancerbearing mice but it was decided not to do this onc 00 A. S. Elsenbast J. F. Woodard AEE EPPA SEER enc aR en tN at a, MINUTES MINUTES Industrial Hygiene Meeting Tuesday February 13 1951 Tuesday February N. K. Puyang B. H. Anglia J. W. O. Hannon M.D. A. S. Elsenbast A. J. Lansa H.D. H. M. Jackson Headquarters February 20 1951 1. Saranac Program Diatomaceous Earth particular lir Lansa reviewed the background background of aluminus therapy and in development by Maintyre Research Foundation its ; Mr. Boodard reviewed the Saranac proposal for animal experimentation using the McIntyre aluminum and the Saranas aluminum hydroxide The program will take about a years time and will cost 10,500 General discussion clarified several questions and in conclusion Mr. Puyans stated that Great Lakes Carton was very much interested in the program and parti tocpi arp tia cit pae te in it on the samse basis as th hade iny the previous diatomaceous earth research 2. Lompoc Program Under Consideration Dr. Lanza reviewed the clinical clinical experience experience at the Lompoc location and pointed out that Doeters Irwin and forwald ware of the opinion that aluminum therapy might prove even more effective for this type of pneumoconiosis than for silicosis Dr. Hannon reviewed the methods of initiating a program program of aluminum therapy and stressed the importance of personal contact and an honest straightforward approach to the employee lie advised that in approximately approximately 75 installations he had experienced no difficulty or interference from the local union It was agreed that it would be iesirable to keep suite health authorities informed on the fram and its progress 3. Conclusions A. Mr. Puyans indicated mit Great Great Lakes Carbon Corp. would participate in the aluminum therapy program if their consultant medical opinion was in agreement B. Or Hannon is to advise how soon he can .ake a trip to the West Coast for the purpose oft SAREE TS OPA MPFR 2 i Page2 Febru20ar 19y 51 a surveying the Great Lakes Carbon Corp. and l facilities and con tacting plant managements b consulting with medical personnal Dr. Smart and Dr. Anderson c consulting with our legal advisors Herlihy and Herlihy C. Dpr.rHo anncaonfewpd irlou lcerr deupe roert the findings and recommend types of equipment and B. Dr. Lase will meet with the California State Health Authorities to acquaint them with the details of the program H. M. Jackson FILE COPY Febru19ar19y91 of the *@ which tant w. Great Lakes Carben Corporation CorpoCorporation rTaretaigmoenr Great Lakes Carben 18 Bush 40th Street New York 17 T Street of all interia you send then to us reporte anf ether commmicstions of this type, gust os bei J. P. We ElsenbasDt . ~oseye Jamuary 26 1951 Dr. A.B. Cummins - Manville Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine Volume 1 - Number 3 March 1950 Confirming our conversation regarding the Jephcott Johnston article on solubilitys This is of intense interest again confirming the emount of information available on this subject I note that these people were sent samples 505 and give credit to our Company for our selected Ww who these particular products for A particular particular we ee of our Snow assistance them ~~ Floss Super Floss and I wonder who it was ~ oo cristobale pattern Snow It also is very interesting to note the various products that these people tested including Santocal and the various silicas available from the aluminum industry I particularly noted the diffraction patterns pictured on Page 327 showing no on Floss Confirming our conversation I would references shown in this article and articles of pertinent interest suggest that you review all of the footnote obtain for our files copies of all these You will notice that there was work along this line as early as 1917 The references to the catalyst and silics gel products are of int^,rst I also note on Page 325 that footnote 13 shows that experimental studies on the action of silica gel administered to guiona pigs were worked on by this group You will recall when we discussed this subject previously that it appeared there was nobody else in the U.S. could do work of this kind or Canada other than the Trudeau Laboratory that Possibly there are other places that could do work for us It would certainly appear that Messrs Woodard and Jackson should make themselves acquainted with Messrs John ans d Jt oho nstn on in the Department of Health of Ontario Division of Industrial Hygiene they seem to have a great deal of in formation on this whole subject I am sending this volume to Mr. Woodard for his information cc O.B. Westmont - Loapee H.M. Jackson - wo Arthur Elsenbest wood , , Confidential January 26 1951 : Industrial Hygiene - Lampoo | It was learned today that 1 - Dr. Hannon has commitments here and in Canada but can go to Lompoc in connection with the aluminum therapy work almost any time after February 15 2 Dr. Lanza will be here up until Febru- ary 15 at which time he expects to - out of town and will not be back go ; until March 1 He feels that he should not consider a trip to the West Coast before about the middle of March _ 00 A. R. Fisher A. S. Elsenbast H. M. Jackson , J. P. Woodard i 7 cane AR, . O.B. Westmont ~ Lompoc Aluminum Therapy Research - Saranae I have noted with interest copy of Dr. Anderson's letter to you dated January 9 on the above I was particularly anxious to have Dr. Irwin visit Lompoc so that Dr. Anderson Mr. Legge and yourself could have a firsthand chance to discuss this subject with him Certainly all of us are making every effort to provide a healthful setup for our employees Our efforts are continuing as actively as possible in the prevention of dust conditions and you further have a medical program to keep you advised and to assist you with present information on the handling and treat- ment of any disabilities and we are all interested in any additional method of improving the health and protection of our employees Our information and advice until this past Summer on the subject of alumimm therapy was that the treatment or protective use of the system did not have sufficient background to enable our medical consultants to properly advise us on its officiency This Summer when we visited Saranac Laboratories for the first time Dr. Vorwald and his associates stated definitely that aluminum powder therapy on their experi- mental animals with silica dusts was a definite protective agent This item was covered in my memorandum to you dated |..- me 30 1950. We were advised at that time that Dr. Vorweld had a aluminum hydrate compound which he felt was even more effective than the called metallio alumimam powder and that on checking the effects of this product not only in the laboratory but in the field proved this to be 80. After some discussion it was arranged that Dr. Vorwald would give us an estimate of treating experimental animals with this alumimum therapy and Mosers Woodard Cummins and the writer were immediately interested in such a program Meanwhile Dr. Lanza was making a trip to the Coast and on his return gave us a confidential memorandum on the condition of certain of our men at Lompoc Other then removing men from the presence of the dust at the plant there was no further recommendation made The subject of removing men from Lompoc was discussed with you and Dr. Anderson and it was decided on my trip in September that this would be in most cases at this time a detrimental proposition During the discussion in New York with Dr. Lanza after his trip and the above above report the writer having in mind the discussion with Dr. Vorwald in June on alumimum therapy questioned Dr. Lanza directly as whether or not Dr. Lanza believed that alumima therapy would be helpful at Lompoc Dr. Lansa in the meantime had discussed this sub- ject with Dr. Schoeppers who had spent considerable time at the McIntyre Porcupine Mines in Canada studying aluminum therapy Dr. Schoeppes had advised Dr. Lansa that he felt that a treatment of this type had merit and that he planned to intro- duce it in So. Africa The writer questioned Dr. Lansa to whether or not the Aluminum Company of America had ever had any difficulty with any of their own men from alumimme powder Dr. Langa thereupon stated that he was well acquainted with Dr. Irwin of the Alumimum Company of America who likewise was fully acquainted with the whole subject of aluminum therapy and that he would have a conversation with Dr. Irwin to not only obtain his advice and information on the effect of aluminum powder on the Al Company employees but that he would get additional information from Dr. Irwin on the subject of aluminum therapy ^ sa result of the information obtained above Messrs Jackson Woodard and the writer visited the McIntyre Porcupine Mines and obtained the entire story so far as it was possible from Mr. Ennis at the McIntyre Mines The final outcome of all of the above which included an additional trip by Mr. Jackson to the McIntyre Mines and further consultations with Drs Lanse Irwin and Hannon was the effect that the solubility tests should be run on alumimu hudrate as compered to the McIntyre aluminum powder and that we should use the product which showed the greatest silica insolubility In the meantime we had asked for a definite program from Dr. also received a firsthand story from Dr. Irwin and Dr. Hannon application of aluminum therapy in the plants Vorwald We had on the practical The analytical tests are proceeding and Dr. Cummins telephoned me Friday the very startling preliminary information that the black alumimm McIntyre powder pre- duced an almost insoluble condition of diatomite Super Floss Grade in the pre- liminary experiments are planning to test at Manville Hyflo Filter Snow Floss 505 and Super Floss to run the entire range of particle sise and calcined condition of our products Messrs Woodard and the writer have been discussing the subject of Dr. Vorwald's program and what we should actually do even though we received the bove preliminary information from Dr. Cummins As the matter stands so ras the application of alumimum therapy is concerned there is a very decided satisfactory backlog of experience on the use of the McIntyre alusimua powder We have no information clinically on the results of the alumimum hydrate Neither Drs Lansa Irwin or Hannon see any reason why the application of the McIntyre powder should be other than helpful So far as we can determine Dr. Vorwald has never prepared other than on a small scale the product which he is favoring Our testa as carried out at Saranac have taken so long to complete that if we follow Dr. Vorwald's advice and wait for the animal dusting powder experiments to be completed with his aluminum hydrate we will be able to do nothing until 1954 In the meantime unless we run at the McIntyre powder we will have than the other the same time in his no information as to animal testing experiments whether one was better In view of all of the above I wrote Mr. Woodard under date of January 4 advising that our program at Saranac should include the testing of both products I ex- pressed myself further on the subject of the cancer bearing mice in that same letter I am reviewing all of the above so that you can discuss this subject with Dr. Anderson and so that he will know just exactly what we are thinking If Dr. Anderson has any ideas on the whole subject we welcome and solicit his views and we would likewise wish this information as quickly as possible ag FE ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA Pittsburgh 19 Pa : January 2 1951 i rem Mr. A.S. Elsenbest Manville Corporation rime 22 East 40th Street ce New York N.Y. Dear Mr. Elsenbast I have been tardy in telling you how much I enjoyed meeting you and confreres in New York at the luncheon meeting on December 19 and my quent visit to your mining operations at Lompoc your subse- Unfortunately my stay at Lompoc had to be limited to a long half day but due to the personal guidance and hospitality of Messrs Westmont and Legge ! I was able to cover the operations Both the deposits and operations are : extensive and obviously are here to stay Your company is to be congratulated on the effectiveness of the Lompoc dust control program present and future Although so much has been and question will be accomplished in this regard I measures alone will solve this problem whether practical dust control It was a pleasure to see Dr. Anderson again and have him review the medical program which is comprehensive I came away from Lompoc with the thought that as a second line of defense to your present dust control and medical programs aluminum treatment and preven- tion should be worthwhile With such efforts I feel that five years hence the Lompoc hasard will be greatly lessened if not completely eradicated The minutes of the New York conference arrived and set forth my understanding manner With personal regards I am prepared by Mr. of that meeting B.M. in a Jackson have just clear and concise cct Dr. Dr. A.J. Lanza J.V.G. Hannon Very truly yours Dudley A. Irwin M.D. Medical Director ; signed A.R. Fisher J.P. Woodard H.M. Jackson O.B. Westmont - - Lompoc CHART NO 1 Table No. 1 30 25 NEW CASES SILICOSIS AS DIAGNOSED IN VARIOUS YEARS 1925 ~ 1948 STATUS WHEN DIAGNOSED Ante Primary 20 clinical Disability Minus 25% PRIMARY Disability 25 to 50 SECONDARY Disability 50 of 100 Number in block is McIntyre file number for the case A = No claim filed 10 g 8 7 6 5 Canes fi" fi fi 4. of 3 Number fi" fi fi fi" fi fi 131480443141451 AMANATEEM 39137 34953431 134804314 51 fi" fi fi 1 fi" fi fi fi" fi fi fi" fi fi SOLE BAI UTE SIERODANS TES DEIR 9G ATT YP or TERN THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION FOR ' THE CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PULMONARY DISEASE ee AT SARANAC LAKE N.Y. THE SARANAC LABORATORY THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION THE TRUDEAU SCHOOL OFFICE OF DirectoR P.O. SOX 551 Saranac Lake N.Y. AT TRUDEAU N.Y. THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY THE DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY THE TRUDEAU LABORATORY Novembe3r 1960 W. K. Andersen M.D. Plant Physician Manville Products Lampos California Corp. Dear Andys A letft roe m tr he head office in New York tellmse that a copy of our last progrr epoe rts sos ncerning diatomaceous earth has been forwarded to you This report I believe will answer your questions We are considering the use of colloidal aluminum hydroxide as a prophylactic measure against diatomaceous earth pneumoconiosis At the moment our thoughts emcern only an experimental study to deter- , mine whether or not the measure would be effective Until that study is completed we are definitely ad- >|| verse to using aluminum with human subjects As always Sincerely yours Arthur J. Vorwald H.D. Directer AJV1bw AJV1bw 001 Mr. J. P. Woodard - New York a 091/14 091/14 091/14 September itine Page 2 F. Tahdeequbaatseiccornetarsooln that the might be alminus therapy process maintained over its was patented was in order that this method includess usage An agrefe orm the e un se t of 1. an assurance that all possible dust control methods are being used and maintained 2. that materials and dispersing methods conform to the requirements of the McIntyre Research Foundation 30 aThpeayUm.enSt. orfat1e.00 per year per man exposed is made to the Foundation night vary slightly from this Canadian rate 4. Dr. Hannon of Washington Pennsylvania is the U. 8. representative through which installation arrangements will have to be cleared G. The U. S. and Canadian patents covering this therapeutical method are Both patents expire during the year 1952. No decision has yet been made as te what action the Maintyre Foundation will take at the time of expiration H. Mr. Ennis provided us with numerous papers and literature concerning the and results of aluminum therapy An additional reference is to HWJ : PO'H H. M. Jackson &- Tg Confident . FCC FCC FCC Septembe2r5 1950 |e A. B. Cummins - Research Center Industrial Hygiene - Lampoo Aluminum Therapy As mLeanntisoanetdalaktedowuirthmeeting here on September 18 Dr. Dr. Dudley Irvin about his experience in the aluminum therapy field and asked if we could get the information from him with to certain analytical techniques respect Dr. Irvin said he could be seen any time this week- Roam 1930 Gulf Building Pittsburgh Pennsylvania It was the consensus among the Mesurs Fisher Elsenbast Vandiver Brown Cummins Lansa Woodard and Jackson the services of a research would be required to get the necessary information and it was requested that you ask for the help of such an individual from Research I have told you of our brief meeting with the at McIntyre Mines in northern Ontario and that we have quite a bit of information from them and samples to be passed over to you when you come in It is suggested that the individual whom you would choose to go to Pittsburgh nake direct contact and arrangements with Dr. Irvin The Septoe f m Sepbteembr er 19 by H. M. Jackson cover our meeting of Septemb1e8r J. P. Woodard bc H. M. Jackson 10-4-50 ks, Ne UN a ao . ^' i CF Karel Head~-marteys ptembe1r9 1950 Industrial Hygiene Lempos Disenssion September 18 A. R. Fisher A. S. Elsembest V. Brown Dr. A. B. Cumming Dr. A. J. Lansa _ J. P. Woodard- H. M. Jackson 1. Dr. Lanna reported on his conversation pertaining to al theypy pith Verwald's opinion A. In Dr. because of the linear pathology involved in diatomesous earth pneumoconiosis aluminum therapy might produce se faversble results with it then it has with silicssis He recomtmhae t anntdaleded termine B. Dr. Irwin agrowoitdh the thinking that alumina therapy might prove more beneficial with diatomaceous earth passosomiasia but in his opinion animal experimentation was not necessary prior to adminisadmint stratiflJ ar dministrata iflJ Pt ITiIONafltJ C. Although wall controlled experiments and statistifcacatls are inching there is indication that sikiessis in the Prevines of Ontario has been appreciably diminished through the use of alumimm therapy Dr. Shoppers of South Africa is convinced that aluminum therapy is largely responsible for this result D. Dr. Irwin recomte hatnad lumeind um Sufficient be tried at Lempos motallie alusimma bear them that of a of aluminum and there is a possibility favorable response In his opinion a is the aluminum hydrate but he recommended = we concret tests to determine which form ofaluminum was more affective in the greater capacity for this would be the one which he would recommend In a general discussion the following points were brought out 1 Aluminum dust is not toxic Considerable proof has been established that there is no roblem in the manufacture of aluminum 2 The experience at MacIntyre indicates that with alumimus therapy the progression to the P3 stage takes a longer period of time and in many cases it does not progress to that extent 3. In Dr. Irwin's opinion alumimam therapy for our P3's would de no harm and might pessibly do some good 40 Dr. Lansa indicated that Dr. Irwin would be glad to discuss the problem with us and in addition review the details of analytical techniques with our gasearch J. P. Woodard AK January 25 1951 I have noted the recommendations in your letter of ati Janua22rtyo Mr. Fisher accord with them and am entirely in Mee Leaked at teas aa! ibe re wen 5. sods h ee e nda cet A. R. Fisher ve Vandiver Brown . ty A. S. Misembast C. W. Hite H. M Jackson as well as with the proper State officials Lempos has been the plan Now that it decided to go ahead with of using therapy explaining carot help this to but feel that there is a job to be donien sure Dr. Lansa tbeheofemployees at Lompoc by the proper people | na this work is can important enmoautgehrifaolr hyoeultpo aIccwomopualndy tDhri.nkLta han t tsha e na ce Vandiver Brown L.G.HartH.M.Jackson i & S. Elsenbast V. Brown ; J. P. Woodard C. W. Hite Recem8b1e95r0 Alumim Therapy On Novembe,r the following items were discussed with Dr. Rebeam of the Maintyre Foundationt Foundationt 1. Dr. Robson presented the background of the MaIntyre Aluminum Therapy Program and covered much the same points as Mr. Ennis presented in our earlier visit 2. He reviewed the original data on their experiments with with centrul of seluhi~ity seluhi~ity Most of these faste are presented in The Prevention of silicosia by Alumimm an article included in the material which was given us by itr Eands Their research indicated that the solubility of various types of quarta mde other types of materials was reduced in varying degrees by almuimam powder and the the effect on NaIntyre quarts of the Mintyre aluminum Sarmas X1010 alumimmm hydroxide powder they found that black powdermilligra the McIntyre aluminum resulted in an 87 reduction of solubilistolubiylity and 10 iligrams of the 11010 brought about only a 59.9 reduction in solubility conclusion was of course that for their dust the McIntyre aluminum powder was considerably more efficient 3. In Dr. Robson's opinion the alumima therapy had contributetdo the contral of silicosis but he was unable to indicated to what degree For specific cases of control or improvement of silicosis he referred to Dr. Kannon's work in Pennsylvania 4. Dr. Robson permitted me to borrow and review his copy of the report of a Provincial Committee whose responsibility is the development of medical . statistics on silicosis This Committee was appointed in 1948 and the report covers their proposals for obtaining the statisties necessary to evaluate the silicosis problem The report covers primarily the clerical procedares and mechanical methods for such fact accumulation In March 1950 a Medical Statistics Unit was set up under the Workmen's Compensation Board However it will probably be several years before any data is available and until such time there is no other source of information concerning the silicosis problem 5. Dr. Robson also permitted me to review a report developed by their own Organization The attached charts are excerpts from this report In interpreting date it should be recalled that the introduction of aluminum therapy fa | the 2 aeTable ilists the new cases diagnosed from 1941 to 1948 and shows th krogroef s ths eseico asn es Note that there are no new cases in 1947 or 1948. There is no such marked change however in the progression data B. Chart fl lists the new cases and status in the years when diagnosis was made Note that there were no new cases from 1947 to 1950 to date A. 8. Klacubast V. J. P. Woodard C. W. Hite Page 2 Decembe8r 1958 6. Table 3 summarises the cases diagnosed from 1925 to 1948 and indicates their status as of January 1 1949. There does not appear to be any raesmacrokmapbalreedretoductthioosne ppriroriorratteoof pro.gression on cases from 19hh to 1948 D. Table #k is a graphic represenofttahetBirio tin sh silicssis experience It begins with the year 1937 compulsory ventilation control program by the Forkeum's Compensation Board began In 19h4 compulsory eAlurmaitnhuemr ntotahbleerapy alsoin , was introduced inte all You Nin is evident From additional data in the report I attempted to make a comparison of members of cases and their progression in the five year period 1939 to 1943 prior to and the five year period 19hh to 1949 following the introduction of alumimm therapy This is labeled - Table fl and indicates a reduction in new cases but fails to show a prog ofr die seass e s proi greo ssin on While the responsibility for the lack of statistical data is frequently laid te the inactivity of the Previnsial Compensation Commission in my opinion that which the McIntyre Organisation has shown us of their own experience is quite inadequate a They offered no data pertaining to the relationship of length of exposure and progression of dissASE b No indication of the relationship of numbers of disease cases diagnosed to total men exposed has been presented without such the absolute talliss may have more or less signif thai n c coma parn isc on e of the raw data might indicate indicate c They have presented no comparison of experience prier or subsequent to the appli of c alua mint umi tho eran py Apparently the principal and only basis for evaluating the efficacy of almuimen therapy is the reduction in new cases is is generally conceded however improvements improved medical techniques and diagnostie procedures have had some part at least in the reduction of disease occurrence Although Dr. Robson felt that aluminum therapy was of definite value he admitted admitted that its evaluatiwoans difficult and his enthusiasm was not as vigorous as that of Hr Ennis However he was convinced that the program should be contimed and en He stated that Dr. Hannon had had experience with several cases that showed unusual contrel and improvement although he admitted that part of the effect psych beoplsyochgoi locgiacall Dr. Tayler of the Ontario Workmen's Compensation Board at Timmins was also con- tasted He repeated the fact that the Commission had no data concerning the effects of alumima therapy and was reltu o gic ve et vena a pn ersot nal opinoinoin ts value HMJ PO'H Att 3 The views expressed on carcinogenic properties on the dust is of immediate interest and in my estimation make it all the more important that the laboratory work be carried out if for no other reason than to determine the relation between the actual results so far observed at Lompoc as compared to what we will develop in the laboratory dusting procedure In this connection certainly the writer is not very happy about having to depend upon the animal testing as it has been carried out to date but we are in hopes that as time goes on procedures and condi- tions will be established for the laboratory work which will give helpful informa tion Regarding a copy of the proposed Research Program I see no reason why this should not be sent to you to obtain the added views of yourself and Dr. Anderson and I am comments your you kindly attaching the program for inspections Will return it Arthur Elsenbast ....... writing the above this subject has been discussed again with Mr. Woodard and I find that our medical advisers believe that the technique unsatisfactory unsatisfactory technique of making the carcinogenic test on the cancer bearing mice unsatisfactory at this time that they recommend strongly against such test We will therefore not proceed with that part of the at this time but are marking it up for review one year from program to date Mr. Woodard and I have discussed further the subject and will proceed with Dr. Verwald's program as presently laid out Anderson In addition Mr. Woodard is getting in touch with Dr. Hannoa and will make the preliminary and other arrangements necessary to start the aluminum therapy at Lompoc which undoubtedly will entail a visit by Dr. Hannon to survey and institute such setup You Dr. and your staff along with Dr. Hannon will have to discuss where and how the therapy can most properly and satisfactorily be applied A.S.E. A.P. to S. P. to S. HON 043 3472 OMHM HUNN 1214 0403 1214 1214 1214 HUNN 2727 1 a a A.P. to Deceased - other causes New Caseansd Unknown et A.P. JANUARYCannes Cancel 1927 33 YN tN , HM4176KMIHNAMORIME U Status N4nm AN 1930 N 2137A HM4176KINAMORE 121 12 HM4176KINAMORE 1933 VAIEONA N4nm 21327A ANAN 21327A 1 1 freed HM4176KIHNAMORE 1935 ov) TANO H HM4176KINAMORE HANtn ANIMN 10 HANANtn 1234 m 215 NA2 1943 1 oft TAME HM4 1 2 0 < "fi"fi 129 HM4176KINAORME 1948 8 I 14 A.P. - Primary Unknown Cancelled P. Primary Fatal - NUMBER OF CLANS 1937 10 2 ye | ce 70 | OG _~ me nr 7 MEERA OS Table # . W.C.B. VENTILCOA NTT ROLIBO EGN UN a A _oatiecladhs Seay a:) 19, A. P. - No progression to A. P. to S. A. P. to F. P. No progression P. to S. P. to F. No progression S. to F. 1939_13 | 3 1 1941-48 1941-48 a 2 13 Og 33 17 67 " 4 17 N | < NOTE Cases shown are those within the ye and progression is that which occurred within the five year period ss meeting N November 21 1950 - + NOTE FOR FILE Industrial Hygiene - Lompoc Aluminum Therapy Dr. Lanza to talk with Dr. Vorwald tonight . and discuss this subject - sy|. a, 1 If we want to use aluminum oxide as an agent ' at Lompoc we will need to work this through Dr. Hannon and hence will need to review this . with him Should this be done it would be well to have Dr. Hannon come to New York for a meeting when Dr. Irwin is here on December 7 2 If we are not going to use aluminum oxide but the material being produced by Saranac there would be no need for meeting with Dr. Hannon and possibly we wouldn't get into the business of carrying this out until after Saranac has completed their tests with aluminum hydroxide os 1 J. P. Woodard va PQS MPa ro ne mm at. THE CLINICAL THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION FOR AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PULMONARY DISEASE cr { hd : | be { AT TRUDEAU N.Y AT SARANAC LAKE N.Y. THE SARANAC LABORATORY THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION THE TRUDEAU SCHOOL OFFICE OF DIRECTOR P.O. BOX 981 SARANAC LAKE . N.Y. THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY AJV RH Sincerely yours Lf oF Arthur J. Vorwald M. D. Director THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION FOR \ THE CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PULMONARY DISEASE DMH DMH AT SARANAC LAKE N.Y. THE SARANAC LABORATORY THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION THE TRUDEAU SCHOOL \ ; ig We November 2 1950 AT TRUDEAU N.Y. THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY THE DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY THE TRUDEAU LABORATORY Mr. J. P. Woodard Manville Corporation 22 East 40th Street New York 16 New York i i ; - Re Diatomaceous Earth Pneumoconiosis - Proposed Program for Testing Powdered Aluminum Hydroxide Dear Page 25 1950 In answer to your letter of October posed may be answered as follows the questions o only 1 The 500 million concentration was suggested be- oe cause it would be a more severe test of the effect- evn iveness of the powdered aluminum This concentration von : ieasrlfayrpbaerltowoftthhaet ceurrxenpt e kir lli edmexpe erimentnat nimalsShoSuholuldd tthhee powdered aluminum be effective with the concentra- .". tion proposed there would be every reason to believe that it would act similarly in human subjects acci- dentally exposed to higher concentrations of dust than currently present in the plant 2. a Based upon our experimental work we consider the powdered hydroxide to be superior to the metallic aluminum powder McIntyre as a therapeutic agent For i example when quartz particles dispersed in a colloidal aluminum hydroxide suspension were injected into guinea t pigs the quartz failed to produce nodule formation or fibrosis when metallic aluminum powder was substitu- e ted for the hydroxide and the experiment repeated there was no protection and the nodular lesions typical a of silicosis developed It is conceivable that the ae difference in reaction may have been due principally the - to a better dispersion of the hydroxide in spend- : inhal tO - ing fluid However a limited series of experiments / r also tend to confirm the that the | 10 effective belief ee hydroxide is more than the metal Mr. J. P. Woodard -2- November 2 1950 b The aluminum hydroxide can be dispersed as a dry powder or as a suspension in liquid not a true solution In our experiments we disseminated the powder in the form of a dry divided powder Because of technical difficulties we prefer to dis- perse the material in the form of an aerosol derived from a colloidal suspension of the agent Thisis accomplished by passing the agent throughacritical orifice which will deliver the aerosol in the form of a mist containing submicroscopic particles which will remain suspended in the atmosphere We have not found a significant aggregation or coagulation of such particles c We have not experienced a humidity problem in ' experiments where dust suspended in a liquid is being disseminated as an aerosol This probably results from the fact that the volume of fluid dispersed is not high However the dry dust method could be substituted should humidity increase to an undesirable level We are looking forward to having you with us next Tuesday Sincerely Sincerely yours JV 008 Mr. A. S. Elsenbast Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION FOR THE CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PULMONARY DISEASE SARANAC LABORATORY TRUDEAU LABORATORY TRUDEAU SCHOOL OFFICE OF DIRECTOR P. O. BOX 81 Saranac LaKE N.Y. DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY October 6 1950 Manville Corporation 22 East 40th Street New York 16 New York Dear Page Be ph wa Since your last visit we have given a great deal of thought to that phase of our discussion concerning aluminum therapy for Diatomaceous Earth workers In fact I had occasion to refer to the subject in a recent letter to Mr. Elsenbast You will recall at the time of our discussion we expressed the view that because of the character of the tissue reaction to inhaled Diatomaceous Earth our Aluminum Hydroxide Powder atomized in the general plant area would be in all probability an effective prophylactic agent to prevent the development of Diatomaceous Earth pneumoconiosis In view of the cellular - . nature of the tissus response it is possible also that the ~~Aluminum Hydroxide Powder will retard the progression of an es Etablished disease and even cause it to regress These views are only tentative however since a very precise experimental study would be needed for verification Pending such a study we would hesitate to use the powder for workers exposed to the dust It is possible that the Aluminum Powder might alter adversely the capacity of one or more of the components of diatomaceous earth to produce tissue damage Furthermore atomisation of the powder in the general plant area night lead to a false sense of security The original estimate of 800 to 1000 was based only on the approximate cost of a chamber It would be impossible to conduct the study at that figure In this connection and in response to your request we are submitting for your consideration a proposal summarizing the investigation we discussed With kindest regards Sincerely yours ? AJV LB Encs 4 00 Mr. A. S. Elsenbast Director a Visit to MeIntyKrinee Septem20be - r21 A. S. Elsenbart N. N. Jackson Under the guidance of Mr. Larry Gosper of the KoIntere Kines observwa astmi ado e inn tas facilities for dispane d dr isps eri sinn g tg he altarem dust Dispersioins made in the house apapproximatelry oximately mimtes prior to the pre shift The cleater ATI pollets milled to satisfactory dimensions alulm inei d bn allu mim ll Partoi f sc uil tabe les sing than drum 5 revi moe namfactured in gram canefor shipment - 95 % sing than 5 revi moe moe Ennis reviewed for us the background and details the present program major J. poi of n thit s as res 90 / of 4 the oi Te erat 4 A. Dr. Robson in 1922 made the observation that variations in time for the ae 8 Irai of silicosis might be explained by the presence of antidotal rock Humbers off Miler. experimental animals were placed in various portions of the mine and Dr. g wo now Medical Director of the Aluminum Company of America did the pathological work The McIntyre Research Foundation was formed to carry on the experimenta work the result of which is the aluminum therapy method now employed by the Ontario =. B. The MeIntyre Mines has been administering the aluminus therapy for six years and at present there are more than 16,000 miners receiving treainttm he e Pron vint ce of Ontario There have been no cases in which the aluminum dosage has caused difficulty oan C. The normal dosage is one gras of the aluminum powder per one thousand cubic feet - This produces a concentration of thirty thousand particles per cubie centimeter This converted to our U. 8. unit of concentration is approximately nine hundred and forty million particles per cubic foot | D. It was estimated by Provincial authorities that there had been in the last thirty- five years approximately one thousand silicotics of which five hundred have received compensation at a rate of 14,000 per case There are twenty cases in the McIntyre Mines at present It has been the experience at McIntyre that continuance at work even if a job has to be created for them is considerably better than separation The men are happy in their work and are considerably better off financially than they would be receiving compensation It has been their experience that those man who de leave work die within a very short time The psychological effect seems to be the principal factor of life prelongation in these cases A special and individual method of administering aluminum dust to these cases in A \ sometimes used individual A theory which is being pursued by research concerning the variance in susceptibility to silicosia is the relationship of the acidity of the enviromment to the individual capacity for the absorption and elimination of silica through | the urine a THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION OFFICE OF DIRECTOR SAHANAC LAKE I.I. September 26 1950 Mr. Arthur Elsenbast Vice President Manville Corporation 22 East 40th Street New York 16 H.I. Dear Mr. Elsenbasts I am exseedingly sorry that I could not respond to your recent letter so that you night have some additional information for your discussion in Lompee There is very little that I can say at the moment concerning the use of alumin hydroxide as a prophylactic or therapeutic measure in diatomaceous earth pneumoconiosis In view of our experience with free crystalline silics and . since the fibrosing agent in diatomaceous earth pneumoconiosis appears to be the cristobalite content of the dust I would expect that the alumimm : would be effective as a prophylactic measure It may even be useful for treat- ment of workers already having fibrosis in the lungs In final analysis ha ever it is impossible to state categorically effective pending a very precise experimental the dust I would certainly hesitate to use tion with respect to the experimental results that alumimm hydroxide will be approach using animals exposed to it clinically until some informe- is at hand We are prepared to embark upon such an experiment the design of which would be similar to those already under way diatomaceous earth The results of those experiments will serve admirably as controls As mentioned during our discussion the experiment will necessitate an additional chamber with dual apparatus for dispersion of the diatomaceous earth and the alumimm hydroxide In consequence of that system the conduct of the experiment will require very careful supervision The investigation cannot be accomplished in less than twelve months time The chamber and the necessary instrumentation will cost roughly about 1500 That being the case we can undertake the investigation for approximately 4000 This is somewhat more than my original estimate of around 2500 to 3000 you embark the details If wish to upon the study I will be happy to develop a very precise proposal setting forthe of the program we have in mind With kindest personal regards Sincerely yours AJT LB Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. . Director NEW YORK UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL MEDICAL CENTER INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE 477 FIRST AVENUE NEW YORK 16. N.Y. . OREGON 9-3200 January 19 1951 MEMORANDUM TO Dr. V. N. Anderson SUBJECT For your info andr tom bria ng t you i up o to dn ate as to what has been going on with respect to the problem of dust in Lompoe After a great deal of discussion with the MeIntyre Research Mcintyre Research vill come to Foundation in Canada and the Sarunas Laboratory it has been decided to try inhalation of aluminum dust for prophylaxis and possible there peutic effects on selected employees in Lompos It is probable that Dr. Hammon of the Lompoe in the near future to discuss ways and means I have had a number of conversations on this subject both with Dr. Vorwald and also with Dr. Dudley Irvin As you say recollect Dr. Irvin was one of the original group of the Connaught Laboratory that worked under Banting You may also remember that sometime after he had produced insulin he was requested by the authorities in Ontario to investigate the subject of silicosis and he and his workers finally came through with the treatment based on the inhalation of aluminum dust While there has been a great deal of pro and con discussion on the subject of the use of aluminum dust and while it is true that there still remains much to be determined two things are clearly evident at the present time ) The incidence of silicosis in the Ontario gold mines has steadily decreased and this decrease cannot be ascribed to just control therefore it would seem that a certain amount of credit must be given to aluminum 2 Experience with the adminis tration of alumimum has not shown it to cause any barmful effects Both Dr. Vorwald and Dr. Irwin who is now Medical Director of the Aluminum Company of America feel that the type of pathology produced by diatomaceous earth might react more favorably and more rapidly to aluminum than does silica They admit that this is purely but it is an interesting comment because Dr. Irwin and aDr.suVpoprovsailtdiondo not always agree with respect to various essentials in pneumoconiosis the sise stration It is felt that the somewhat isolated position of Lompos and of the plant may possibly lend themselves to a control demonthat may be of very great benefit to the whole subject of pneumoconiosis There are many ties who work in this field and quite sure that all of us stand divergences of opinion among the authori probably there always will be but I feel to gain substantial knowledge As far as I know there are no other research projects stemming from Lampes that are under consideration at the present time I will endeavor to keep you informed as to what goes on IS there are any questions you have in mind do not hesitate to write to no With best regards and best wishes I n Sincerely yours AJL NEXORAX^ UN Page 2 Septem 19b1e95r0 Decisions . 1. Dr. Lanza will contact Dr. Irwin to determine when it will be convenient for our Res anae lysa t tor visc it hh im 2. After the analysis has been completed decision will be made as to whether alumximum or aluminum hydroxide will be used 3. A visit will be made to the MacIntyre group to observe their set and administrative problem ya : e POPOHH POH H. N. Jackson CONFIGITIAL CONFIGITIAL Ju1l 7 1y 950 MEMORANDOTNO A. S. Elsenbest A. B. Cummine J. P. Veederd Industrial Bygiams Lampes Seremes Program The following notes were unde when Mesure Kloombast Gu and Woodard were at Saranac on ThursJudnea2y9 Pratt Tom Durkin Mr. de le Hem, and Dr. A. J. Verveld three met with Ed Urb Dr. I. Dr. Verwald stated that mother Interin Report vould soon be issued giving date on the results of the program to date II Inhalation Tests A. Tests started maintaining an atmospheric contamination of about 500 million p.p.m.ft. for the three Calite materials being used 1.e. Regular Flux Calcined naterial Special Flux Calcined material and Filter This concentration seemed excessive in that very bad effects were - shown by some of the groups of minals it was considered the high to be a proper test attempts made to maintain a concentration in the neighborhood of 150 million p.p.m.ft. Tests of the atmosphere recently showed the following couts in the dust chambers Flux Calcined Special Flux Calcined Filter 169 million p.p.cu 156 * p.p.cu 151 * III fine particles It was stated that the median sise is an 11-2 mieres with no coarse material Tests on the materials showed the following results A. Calc Flui x Cnale cind ed the parent material showed Quarts Cristobalite 15 40 plus or mimes Tests on the fine materials caught from the air showed Quarts Cristobalite os 75 plus or nims 3. Special Flux Calcined the parent material showed Cristobalite 70 plus or nims Tests on the fine berne naterials showed Cristobalite Cristobalite 77h, plus a wise It will be noted that the Cristobalite content in the fines is very high and about the same from both parent materials Dr. Owin sane mented that this is not surprising The conci wous ldi beothn at borne naterial ther from ther parent material would be 17. order that they be we comparable plant night ene en a very dustyy after ve her counts ' mixt dustyy will e determine determine the This will be determine Rep periodic repa sevia the Y. A. Natural thealained mrth 1. Animals exposed to 500 million particles for i menthe. a There was a marked thicken of the nedoe. 2. Sane exposure with tuberculoasniimasls a The tubercvuesleo stisveites d. B. Calc Flui x Cn ale cind ed 1. Animals exposed to 500 million particles for 8 months s|e There was extensive image with much fibrosis The fibrotic the condition condition Natural estimated an above times 2 great 2. Sm exposure with tuberculomsinialse @. The condition of these animals was also considerably verse than in & above cmt -3- 6. CalFc lai x Cn alce ind ed 1. The remite ver in e all teate run with Special Fix Calcined 3a the in the e | * difficult test might be run with Regular Flux Calcined for An additional chamber We would be to J. P. W. AIR MAIL Lompoc Plant March 13 1951 Dr. J.h.G.Hannon J.h.G.Hannon McIntyre Research Foundation 6 South Main Street Washington Penn Visit to Lompoc Plant Dw Hannon called me on the telephone Saturday afternoon March 3 1951 from Sherwood Lake Thousand Oaks Los Angeles Calififornia Helad arrived in Los Angeles sometime Saturday morning I asked him about his plans and sug gested that he immediately call Dr. Smart Dr. Anderson went to Los Angeles the same March 4 day and he and Dr.Hannon had a meeting in Er Smart's office Sunday Dr. Hannon called me Monday and said he had planned to visit the Dicalite before coming to Lompoc but their Plant was shutdown for repairs and his to Lompoc would therefore be delayed from his original plans from wed to Friday March 9. he informed me later that the Dicalite Plant was not ing while he was there but he did see their packing operations Plant trip Mur 7 operat- I met him at Santa Barbara the Daylight train Friday morning and immediately returned to Lampoc I showed him our stripping and quarrying operations crushing plant Powder Mills sackroom N shops , Brick Plant and our wash and locker room During this trip I discussed all of the Dust Abatement projects that had been put in operation during the hat four years Mr. Legge was with us during the tour of the plant ke then returned to my office and discussed the'Aluminum Theraphy'program Theraphy'program of the McIntyre Research Foundation Dr. Hannon left some literature with ae part of which is to be returned to him He also requested prints showing the plane and elevation of our new locker room and also the new building that we plan to install for the quarries & Department I will send these prints to him today Mines Dr. Hannon stated that he planned to write a report of his visit here and to submit by week March 17visit his recommendations to you the end of this nate nA MIE TE aot oe aes | eeegener nnallieTALE A Anremimeyg rant pata NENG MAe AS Ha e Ae SS 4 : ine wea ee RE part Pris erate eS a 4 cc- J.P.Woodard J.P.Woodard Gi Box 1 Confidential file SUT 00060460 00060460 Department of Health Education and Welfare Publio Publio ~ em*> Service Bureau of 1 "ia Servitem IL RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT OF PROGRESS Date July 1956 DIVISION 2 ws BRANCH *e #@ PROGRAM 2 ww ee wae @#e 8' @ @ eee ee ve e e vseons e e * Special Health Services Occupational Health Occupational Health DIVISION PROJECT NUMBER .. 1. 2 011-2 PROJECT TITLE eo e0e ee .8 8 @# 6 # @ Health hasards in the diatomite producing industry INVES .T0I eeGwA e T eeO eR ee LOCATION OF PROJE 1 C 2 2 T 2 Lewis J. Cralley and W. Clark Cooper Lompoc and Walteria California Clark Nevada and Terrebonne Oregon STATUS oo Operational @#eee @ # e '@ @ @ # <8@ ' @e PARTICIPATING ORGANISATIONS PARTICIPATING PARTICIPATING - @ oe @ California Oregon and Nevada health departments PRIREN SULTC S .IHeP althA CaliforniaL California At the request of Dr. William Clark Bureau of Adult Health California State Department of Public Health a conference was held in Berkeley California February 9 1956 to discuss the Progress Report which was completed 1/1/55 covering the first two years of the diatomite study Representatives from the Great Lakes Carbon Corporation Manville Corporation State Department of Industrial Relations State Department of Public Health and our Occupational Health Program were in attendance Plans were dram up including covering letters for follow observations including periodic rays of designated persons both in and out of the industry and routine dust evaluations in the plants participating in the study Some of this material is already being received 1.0 rays on plant personnel and dust evaluation records LL Ory . The story of how the men and women of Manville have built an important and stable industry in the White Hills of California PRODUCED JM - 83 Servant to Man MEWHERE a doctor gives a new wonder drug to a sick feverish child Within a matter of hours the child is on the way to recovery An American water front a portable will not give him soldier serving abroad in the tropics draws drinking portable filter and knows that be clean and pure and tropical diseases A how ewife saves time and effort with a new polish which leaves her windows and silverware gleaming A highway maintenance man paints a white line down the middle of the road It will provide greater safety through being brighter by day and by night mechanic applies insulation to an industrial temperature Furnace which will produce metals to aid in national defense You help yourself from a bowl of pure white white sugar These may seem to be chance glimpses of everyday life But there is a strong common thread that binds them together That common thread is a mineral substance called diatomite the fossilized remains of microscopic plants known as diatoms Research over many years has found a thousand and one ways in which this little known material a pure form of silica can be made a servant to man Lompoc Highlights MANVILLE'S deposit of diatomite or Celite as M calls it at Lompoc is the world's largest purest and most uniform Almost pure silica chemically and with unique physical properties Celite products have proved of great service to mankind in a thousand and one ways Increasing demand for these products makes necessary continuing of operations at Lompoc Only recently equipment was added increasing production of many of the most important products by more than third In this largest diatomite diatomite mining and processing plant in the world a large number of men and women have built careers of many years with Manville M provides employment for about 650 members of the Lompoc Valley community The annual payroll is % million There is a continuing program to improve working conditions and to safeguard the health of employees The company has already spent $ million on improvement of working conditions and is spending substantially more the present rate of production the Gelite deposit will last perhaps a century Since the Celite deposit began to be worked more than half a century ago the population of Lompoc has grown from 1,000 to 6,500 Opposite page Aerial view of Manville's extensive diatomite quarries and mills at Lompoc 2 PRODUCED JM - 23 Aayiene oO eet . - on} paid the and tion, ground on Up The outskiets conic backed them. until livehodsof rapid Ht HE is inte a by fine rise sytem, The 1893 are the of devlopment Lompoc. products example another created moncy best can of of Francis grewt use of of the S$. lor transform Diatom . that ase how Californa hundres investors thought Balan Lampoc had to a Is beca they of and whe Celite exprimntao, Put mankid. industry. anmterial found were thousand operating deposit owned Celite seas of A the not And which of Lompoc Lompoc the deposit the is to deposit Celite exprimentaio resarch White another California industry the worth of athe is under a imagina- the men same the and values romance exprimentaion of how exprimentaion exprimentaion and exprimentaio Work investors tases Hils tine in of American American imagina- women. transform which use a material mankind material he on jobs the dic was to make fire lighters by fastening a wire to a chunk of it and soaking it in coal oil One of these fire lighters came into the hands of a San Francisco manufacturer of pipe and boiler insulations He became interested in the substance as possible insulation and 1893 ordered an experimental carload Two of Mr. Balaand's sons filled the order by digging the diatomite out a bluff with hand tools In the following years several thousand tons of the diatomite were quarried and shipped There was very little equipment to speed the operation Since there were no facilities to cope with heavy overburden locations were chosen where the crude material was near the surface The thin overburden was removed by a mule team and a scraper The crude was then taken out in chunks and piled in rows for drying in the sun to remove the heavy moisture content When ready for shipment was hauled to town by wagon and loaded into freight cars by hand The whole operation from quarrying to shipping was by hand In 1902 George B. Hansaman purchased a portion of the Dimock Dimock ranch to the north of the Balaam Balaam property and started mining operations there under the name of The Magne Company By 1905 the Magne Company had purchased adjoining ranches including the one owned by Balaam thus bringing under one ownership the major portion of the diatomite deposit In the same year the company built its first plant in Lompoc for producing diatomite in powder form Development of the deposit was very slow until 1912. when it was taken over and operated by the Kieselguhr Company of America In 1916 the name was changed to Gelite Products Company which later became the Gelite Company In 1928 Manville acquired the property from the Celite Conipany The next twenty years were the era of expansion and increased use of mechanized equipment to make work easier As an example in the quarries a type loader which in effect is a continuous shovel is capable of handling 1,200 cubic yards of diatomite per hour The largest power shovel previously use at Lompoc handled only 450 cubic yards per hour Research and diligent work of salesmen and sales engineers have 5 found more and more uses Gelite products and increased increased production bas been made necessary necesary by the increasing demand for the material Today Gelite is processed into powders aggregates bricks and ether formis and sizes which have countless uses These include filter aids for clarifying such materials as sugars beer and other beverages dry cleaning fluids oils and chemicals chemicals ; fillers for paints and varnishes soaps and polishes and high temperature insulations for industrial furnaces furnaces and kilns Portable water filters using Celite filter aids and weighing less than fifth as much as bulky equipment previously use were developed and used during World War II by the U. and British armies and navies They provided for the first time safe drinking water for amned forces in the field This new system of filtration with Celite filter aids is now used to protect the health and lives of U. and allied servicenten A rapidly growing and completely new use is in filter aids for clarification of the new wonder drugs --the sulfas and the antibiotics such as penicillin streptomycin terramycin and aureomycin which serve the public ses well in saving life and preserving health RFS TORT 0 ARON left Horse wagons and hand loading operations of 1903 left con- bast sharply with the mechanized equipment in today This special loader right can handle 1,200 cubic yards of diatomite an how It can load the huge dump truck shown in 29 seconds Cabs of both loader and truck are fully enclosed to prevent entrance of dust M's Operations Today N observer would see little similarity between two men working by band in 1893 and M's completely mucchanized operations today Present mining is done largely by open quarry methods Heavy duty bulldozers bulldozers power shovels loaders and trucks remove the overburden and carry the crude Gelite directly to storage glory holes which are also vertical shafts located directly over a main transportation transportation tunnel When needed the crude is drawn from the bottom of the glory holes and dropped directly directly into cars of underground underground electric railroad for hanlage to the mills The first step in processing is to crush and powder the soft crude rock in specia type of hammer mill which reduces it to powder with size lumps to more than inch in size The wet powder with moisture content rumming up to 55 then passes through a special drying system where is thrown into current of heated air and the moisture flashed off Moisture content is reduced to % and at the same time the material receives a milling which eliminates all lumps In the early days lumps of crude were piled by hand in long rows and drying was done by the sun The operation had to stop in the rainy season The present driers have provided year round quarry and mill operations and much more stable employment At this point the powder is ready either for further processing or for bagging and shipping to fill requirements requirements for the dried drie powdered mineral in its natural state The bulk of the natural powder is further processed by heating or calvining in huge rotary kilns to various temperatures up to 2,000 F. powder is then milled again and given classification to produce To make insulating brick for uses such as in steel mills certain grades of crushed crude are pressed pressed into bricks and special shapes shapes and burned in continuous tunnel kiln at 1,800 to 2,400 F. M's trade names for these products are Cr 22 Cel 16L and Cel Super Bricks The most recnt recent expansion is new calcining unit which raises productive capacity capacity for fast flow rate Celite filter aids and for fillers by more than third The heart of the new system is a large rotary kilu ten feet in diameter and 100 feet long This system is an entirely independent unit Like three other units at Lompoc it produces some twelve different grades of products varving in particle size and composition to meet the increased postwar demands of world industry Over the years millions of dollars representing the savings of thousands of individual shareholders in the company have been invested invested in the elaborate equipment required for efficient operation at Lompoc As producton of Celite has increased more and more jobs have been created From two met working the deposit more than half a century century age employment has risen to about 650. A large number of these men and F Two of the four huge rotary kilns in which diatomite is heat processed al temperatures temperatures up to 2,000 PED J-M83 women have built careers of many years with Johns Manville M's annual payroll at Lompoc is now about $ million Over the years the number and type of benefits available to cur ployees have also increased These extras include vacations and opportunity to participate in retirement group life insurance and hospital- medical surgical plans for which the company pays a substantial part of the cost These extras along with other programs of direct advantage to employees cost on the average about 450 each year for each employee over and above the amount paid for work performed In addition hundreds of dollars per year per employee is being put into improving working conditions conditions at the Lompor plant This chest Xoay machine is typ- typical of equipment in the clini M maintains at the Lompoc Lompoc plant It the best which has been developed Employees recrire regular examinations in the linic This mobile vacuum system used to dean dust from amchouse flocis and paved areas was des signed and created by folim Manville engineers since no equipment of this type is manufactioed by suppliers suppliers 10 Employee Health and Safety MANVILLE conducts a range health and safety program to safeguard the health of all its employers A complete date clinic is maintained at the plant under the supervision of a doctor who is a specialist in industrial hygiene With a time nurse in attendance the clinic is equipped for all normal hospital needs except for major surgery which is performed in hospital in Lompoc Thorough employment physical examinations examinations including chest rays are given all applicants for jobs Re examinations and medical advice are given annually or oftener to all employees An intensive safety program is in operation under the direction of a safety engineer bringing to the plant the most date safety techniques A new Blue Cross health plan towards which the company pays half the cost has been made available for the care of employees families as well as themselves A very important part of the general health program is the elimination of dusty conditions which are a problem here as in all naming naming operations At Lompoc the end products Celite powders are actually dusts themselves Until 1924 operations operations at Lompoc involved handling diatomite only its natural state There were no known cases of damage to health Since 1924 processes have been developed to make new products by caleining or heat processing the natural powders The heat treatment increases the content of crystalline silica the powders and the constituents are considered to be a source of a greater health bazard It a relatively recent to high concentrations of calcined health medical medical finding that continuous exposure calcined diatomite dust can be harmful to Manville proceeds under the principle that any dust is bad and its goal is to make operations Ventilating bag house where air from the ventilating system in the plant is discharged into fifty stockings such as shown here which collect dust just as does the bag on a home racuum cleaner There is a series of banks of these stockings at various locations throughout the plant oy e , A Clom part of the system of wet dust collectors which is one of the most important accomplishments in M's extensive program emg to contral dud thoughout its operations Fine residual particles of diatomite contained in combustion gases and steam from processing are here removed from the vapors as they pass through a curtain of water Heavier particles are first removed by settling in huge chamber excavated in the hill beneath the Clone 12 a continuing range dust elimination program on which million has been spent to date and substantially more is being spent to speed completion The best enginering services obtainable obtainable both from within the company and from outside program Measures taken under this program include use of elaborate Roto- Clones or wet dust collectors a special house at the end of proessing where the last powders are removed from exhaust gases by filtering through long cloth stockings other baghouses called called ventilating ventilating where air is pulled in from working working areas in the plant and mobile truck with specially designed vacmum equipment to from floors and to eliminate hand sweeping improved hand ling and bagging equipment in the mills fully enclosed filtered cabs on trucks bulldozers and other vehicles vehicles in the quarries continual watering of roads in the quarries and paving of plant For many years Manville has carried on intensive medical research on the effects of diatomite dust on health Investigations Investigations were started in 1936 at the Saranac Laboratory Laboratory of the Trudeau Foundation Foundation Saranac Saranac Y. to study the effects of Celite Celite powders on animals subjected to high concentrations much much higher than employees experience experience over long periods of time The work proceeds slowly because very long periods of time and excessive excessive exposures to the dust are required to produce pathological changes The fullest cooperaton is given to all agencies concerned with public 13 health to the end that medical knowledge on this subject may be expanded as rapidly as possible It a part of employee training to give instruction in good house- keeping for prevention of dust and dirt acumdation accumdation in working . Maintenance men are taught to make repairs and adjustment adjustment to prevent the escape of air containing diatomite from conveying lines packers and other machinery Employees are given instruction in wearing respirators and other protective devices devices where there are dusty conditions Diatomite powders affect the lungs only after long continuous exposure For this reason M must be and is careful to protect employees from such exposure Improvements in working conditions and dust control which have been or are being made should now eliminate almost completely any health hazard in the plant Extension medstores have been taken at bagging stations such as this to control and cany meay borne partides of diatomite which may escape as the finished materials are bagged for shipment Dust is carried awway through flexible vacuum tubes and through a ventilating system covered by the cork seen overhead overhead Employees must wear respirators wherever there may be dusty conditions 14 Manville and the Community WHILE the mining and processing of diatomiteis the largest single industry of a manufacturing nature in the Lompoc community the area is known for the quality of fruits and vegetables produced and shipped and is the nation's center of flower seed production Many of its present ranches were established during the days of Spanish reign During the past half century the city has grown from about 1000 persons to 6,500 Rapid growth of the city particularly since World War II has greatly stimulated the demand for housing To help meet this demand Manville has built a considerable number of houses for rent or sale to employees The company also encourages and assists others in providing homes Groundwork done by M enabled a contracting firm to begin construction in 1952 of a housing development of 172 units Most of Johns Manville's annual payroll of % million of course is spent in the community helping to support not only M employees and their families but also merchants and other businesmen businessmen who pro- vide livelihoods for their own employees and families In addition the plant spends about 2 million a year for services and supplies purchased locally and throughout the State Four other Manville plants in California also contribute to the economy of the State These four are in Los Angeles Watson Long Beach Red- City and Pittsburg Stability of the operations at Lompoc is greatly increased by the strong financial position of Manville and by the experienced sales and research research organizations provided by the company to encourage ex- 16 . . PRODE JM- 43 pansion of markets for Gelite products and development of new products Throughout the United States and Canada Manvilleem- em- ploys 21,000 persons at twenty mine and plant locations and in offices ^fin principal cities The company company manufactures more than 400 lines of products comprising more than 20,000 different items Company sales total about a quarter of a billion dollars yearly Looking towards Lompoc's future demand for Celite products is growing constantly M's Lompoc or White Hills deposit is valuable natural resource resource large enough to make possible continuance of operations here at the present rate for perhaps a century Virze of the Lompoc community from a hill south of the city JM - PRODUCED Grass of the Sea THE diatomite which forms Lompoc's White Hills is made up ol the fossilized remains of tiny marine plants that lived and died . millions of years ago These tiny plants are diatoms They are microscopic celled organisms They are characterized by the secretion of a shell consisting of two parts or valves of silica which enclose the living cell These valves differ widely in size shape structure and markings The diversity of forms and shapes intimate markings and figurations and the symmetry and beauty of design have intrigued and fascinated men since their discovery over threy centuries centuries ago when the Dutchman An- thony Van Leeuwenlinek known the Father of scientific microscopy first observed them through microscope of his own making To date some 8,000 to 10,000 forms have been identified It would take 2,000 of them laid end to end to measure an inch Diatoms serve as source of food for the higher and larger organisms The amocha and many other forms of aquatic life even up to the small fishes cat diatoms For these reasons they have been called the Grass of the Sea When a diatom dies it sinks to the bottom where if it escapes being caten the organic content decomposes leaving only the hard mineral valves These may form under favorable conditions a fossil sediment which if elevated above water at a later period becomes a deposit of diatomite These deposits are generally distributed throughout the world Most of them however are not commercially comercialy important because of small size 18 Jewel skeletons of diatoms which form the diatomite deposit al Lompoc are enlarged about 2,000 times in these photomicrographs photomicrographs impurities uniformity unsuitable form of diatoms or unfavorable location To date by far the largest purest and most uniform deposit ever discovered is the one Manville now owns and works at Lom- poc California This Lompoc deposit is of marine or salt water origin as differentiated differentiated from deposits formed in fresh water lakes was laid down in the Miocene period some fifteen million years ago Then the California coast line was in an active formative stage with a continuous rise of land levels Undoubtedly the peaks of the of islands which sheltered bays of relatively mountain ranges formed a group relatively low depth and quiet waters Here diatoms grew prolificly During a period of many thousands of years the diatomaceous sediment was building up on the bottom of the sheltered area slowly but persistently until it eventually reached the thickness of some 1,400 feet PRO PRO 19 Lo.