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;8k FiuE COPY 0CT1 1948 B5TH NATIONAL SAFETY v VOLUME I Annncd Meeting, Banquet Women's Activities Tnrtftrr fo rrll Vnlmtio* mwl PLEASE RETURN TO i LIBRARY NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 20 NORTH WACKER DRIVE CHICAGO, ILL. AT1 ON A L SAFETY COUNCIL, IN Q . 0 NO. WACKER DRIVE CHICAGO 6, ILL. ray Foreword s? lT,HE Transactions of the 35th National Safety Congress and Exposition of the National Safety Council are pub lished in 29 volumes. Volume I includes the Annual Meeting, Banquet,. Women's Activities, Index to all volumes and List of Exhibitors. Volume II contains the ASSE Session and the Industrial Subject Sessions. Volume XXIX contains the Early Morning Sessions, "Psychology You Can Use.'* Each of the other volumes is devoted to the sessions of a single section or division of the Council. The transactions are a record of the proceedings of the Congress, condensed and edited for reference purposes. The complete original manuscripts, many of which contain dirts and illustrations which could not be reproduced here, are available in the files of the National Safety Council. The National Safety Council seeks to eliminate from discussiotrmatters not pertinent to the aims of the Council. However, it cannot accept responsibility for the views ex pressed at the Congress or in this record. . It is expected that the new format of these Transactions will permit wider and more effective use of the material re lating to various fields of safety. At the same time, the whole set provides a complete and indexed reference yrork on all phases of accident prevention. THE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL *20 North Wacher Drive Chicago 6, IQ. )IIV.t,jL ( . * K* :4i^ mm 35thNational Safety Congress Transactions . ' t Tffle VoL Annual Meeting, Banquet. Woman's Acthrifies. Index to <dl Volumes and Exhibitors. . . . ...........\ 1 Mvna*r*m grtr-Uty f Safety Erigfaieam and gnhUet Snwtnwi. 2 Aircraft Manufacturing Section.................... 3 Air-Transport Section.....'..................................... ....... ..... 4 Automottreand Modifaie Slop Section......................................5 Cement and Quarry Section.................... .. 6 Chemical Section............... 7 Coal Mining Section.......... ........... i................ ............... 8 Commercial Vehicle Section....................... .9 Construction Section........<,.......... .......... .......... ---.10 Food Section.............rTC......................... .................. .....11 Industrial Naming Section......... ......... ..................... .^ ,12 Maxine Secfion ..;..........1............... .......... . --13; Meat Pacttn& Tanning and Leather Industries Secfion..........14 Meted* Secfion........ ............. .........15 Mbdng Secfidn ........ .................*..................... 19 Paper and Pulp Secfion................ .17 Petroleum Secfion......... ............ 18 Power Press Secfion.............................................. ......... i.. .19 Public UfiBfies Secfion..................... 20 Bodbroad Secfion ................... . .^ ........................... ........--21 Robber Secfion ........... \.f...........;L............22 Texfllo Secfion . - <Sechet^> &:<.-.............. * .........23 TUJOfi Secfion ... *NfldnrwetV* *34 .Wood Products Secfion.........* * *25 Farm Safe*?............. ------------.............................f... ...28 Home SaMr ...:............ .Iff School and College Sessions.............. ........................28 foychoiogy You Can Use CEarly Morning Sesrions)... .--29 PBICES OF EXTRA COPIES OFINWVIDDAL VOLUMES . VOLUME STTt. TO MEMBERS ' i tog copies zo toggcopies zoo togggcopies ioooot more Less than *4 pages--$ aoea. $ .15 ea. 141501. JRea..;. 14 to 48 pages-- 45' " ' 4 " . - ' 4 ' '40 ** - 49 to 96 pages-- over 96 pages-- .35 " .50 " .. -S " 45 ~ 3** -45 *3 " -45 Complete set of Transactions (*9 volumes)--$5joo . NON-MEMBER prices are double member prices. 4 Nationa Safety ( National Safety CounciL Inc. OFFICERS Chairman, Board of Directors: Cleo F. Grab:, Vice-President, Amer ican Telephone and Telegraph Company, New Yprk, N. Y. President: Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chi cago, HI. .^ Vice-President for Farms: Guv L. .Noble, Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, 111. Vice-President for Finance and Treasurer: O. Guesses, Vice-President and Comptroller, Commonwealth Edison Company, Chicago, HI. Vice-President for Homes: Dr. D. B. Armstrong, Second Vice-President, >. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, N. Y, Vice-President for Industry: Geouse A. Jaooby, Director of Personnel' Services, General Motors -Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Vice-President, far Local Safety Organizations: Kenneth EL.Coluan, Seattle, Wash. Vice-President for Membership: E. W. Kempton, Assistant Vice-Presi dent, United States Steel Corporation of Delaware, Pittsburgh, Pa. Vice-President for Public Information/W. Earl Hall, Managing Edi tor, Mason City GIobe-GazetteTKlason City, la. Vice-President for Schools and Colleges: Dr. H. T. Heald, President, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 111. ^ Vice-President for Traffic and Transportation: Ijsssse. J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer, City of Chicago, Chicago, 111. Vice-President for Women's Activities: Mrs. L. K. Nicholson, National Safety Chairman, National Congress of Parents and Teachers, Salt Lake City, Utah Secretary: R- L. Forney, General Secretary, National Safety Council, Chicago, HL Assistant Treasurer. B. B. McCulloch, President, Bureau of Safety, Inc, Chicago, I1L Assistant Treasurer: H. H. Gubwais, Director, Accounting Division, National Safety Council, Chicago, Hi. (Note: The lists here printed of Officers, Trustees and Board of Directors indude those ejected at the 1947 National Safety Congress add in the case of the Trustees, certain members previously elected for a two or three year term.) National Safety Council, Inc. TRUSTEES-- Chairman of the Trustees'. William A. Iiivm, Member, Executive Com* mittee, .United States Sted Carp., New York, N. Y. Vice-Chhirman of the Trustees-.. Robert C. Stanley, President. Inter national Nickel Company of Canada. Ltd, New York, N. Y. Secretary of the Trustees: Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, m. Treasurer of the Trustees: Thomas W. Lamont, Chatman of the Board, J. P. Morgan and Company, New York. N. Y.____ , \Members Winthkop W. Aldkich, Chairman, Board of Birectoxs,-The Chase .National Bank, New York, N. Y. A Melvin H. Bases, President, National Gypsum l Company, Buffalo, N. Y. _ :\ Lawrence D. km. President, Bell Aircraft Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y. James' B. Black, President, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Francisco, Calif. ' S. Bruce Black, President, Liberty Mptual Insurance Company, Boston, Mass. Morgan B. Brainard, President, Aetna Life Insurance Company, Hart* ford. Conn. . Cason J. Callaway, Hamilton, Ga. John W. Carpenter, President, Texas Power and Light Company, Dallas, Test Thomas I. Cassen, Chairman, Railway Labor Executives' Association, . Washington, D. C. WnxxAM G. Chandler, President, Scripps-Howard Supply Company, New York. N.Y. ` Kenneth B. Colman, Seattle, Wash. Howard Coonley, Chairman of the Executive Committee, American Standards Association. New York, N. Y. <Vrr> F. Craig, Vice-President, American Telephone & Telegraph Co, New York, N.Y. (Ex-Officio) Frederick C. Crawford,' President, Thompson Products, Inc. Cleve* land, Ohio Walter J. CumjIincs, Chairman of.the Board, Continental Illinois National Bank and TrustCbmpany, Chicago,' HL Ned H. Dearborn/ President, National Safety Council, Chicago, HL (Ex-Officio) : Richard R. Deoesee, President, Procter and Gamble Company, On-; dnnati, Ohio Beniamin F. Fairless, President, United States Steel Corporation, Pitts- ?r.~ National Safety Council, Inc. Francis J. "Gavin, President, Great Northern Railway Company, St. Paul, Minn. Watte* S. GnTOXBr-President, American Telephone and Telegraph Co, New York; N. % WnxiAM Gkhi, pendent, American Federation of Labor, Washing ton, 1). C. `~"r E. Round Hauuhan, Brown Brothers Harriman and Company, New York, N. Y. WnxiAM A. Ikvin, Member, Executive Committee, United States Steel Corporation, New York, N. Y. WnxiAM M. Jefteks, Vice Chairman of the Board,. Union Pacific Rail road Company, North Hollywood, Calif. ^ Houa P. Liversidce, President, Philadelphia Electric Company, Phil adelphia, Pa. Gustave Meizman, President, New York Central. System, New York Central Building, New York, N. Y. Thomas A. Mokan, Chairman, The Sperry Corporation, New York, N. Y. . Pmup Mukkay, President, Congress of Industrial Organizations, Wasfai- ingion, D. C. Benjamin O'Shea, Member, Board of Directors, Union Carbide and Carbon Corp, New York, N. Y. . "i Thomas I. Fajuunson, President, Equitable Life Assurance Society of a* Unitrt Sola, fta, Yort. N. Y. . \ * W. S. S. Roogeks, Chairman, The Texas Company, New York, N. Y. WnxiAM A. Simpson, President, William Simpson Construction Com pany, Los Angeles, Calif, Herbert E. Surra, President, International Nickel Company of Canada LtL, New York, N. Y. . . John SrawEix, Vice-President, Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc, New York, N.L Joan ,T. Taute, President, Pan-American Airways System, New York, N. Y. Hmy C. Wiess, President, Humble OB and Refining Company, Hous ton, Tex. Chakj.es E. Wilson, President, General Electric Company, New York. N. Y. ' - ' C. . Wjeson, President, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Cbamb Deere Woman, President, Deere and Company, Moline; UL Robot. W. Woomtonr, Chairman, Executive Committee, The CocaCola Company, Atlanta, Georgia V` r. . National Safety Council, Inc. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman of the Board of Directors: Cleo F. Craig, Vice-President. American Telephone and Telegraph Company, New York.N. Y. Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors: Guy L. Noble, Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Woik. Chicago, 111. Members Da. D. B. Armstrong, Second Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insur ance Company, New York., N. Y. Carroll W. Ashby, President, K&I Terminal Railroad, Louisville. Ky. J. I. Banash. Consulting Engineer, Chicago, 111. Wallace N. Barker, Executive Vice-President, Pullman Standard Car Manufacturing Co., Chicago, 111. L. J. Benson, Assistant to the President, Chicago, Milwaukee, St- Paul, and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, 111- C. W. Berquist, Western Springs, I1L L. A. Blanchard, Assistant to the General Chairman, Federal Inter departmental Safety Council, Washington. D. C. Harry H. Brainerd, Executive Manager, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council. Inc, Pittsburgh, Pa. Thomas E. Braniff. President, Braniff Airways, Incorporated, Dallas, Tex. Theo Brown, Director, Deere and Company, Moline, 111. W. F. Brown Safety Director, Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc, New York, N. Y. Mrs. J. F. Blair Buck, President, Genera) Federation of Women** Clubs, Washington, D. C. James B. Carey, Secretary-Treasurer, Congress of Industrial Organixa, tions, Washington, D. C. Ray Carr, Advertising Counsel, Portland, Ore. W. Graham Cole, Assistant Secretary, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, N. Y. Kenneth B. Colman, Seattle, Wash. M. C. Conics, Executive Partner, Main and CompanyrPitrsburgh. Pa. Dr. B. L. Corbett, Manager Milwaukee Safety Commission, Milwaukee. Wis. Cleo F. Craig, Vice-President, American Telephone & Telegraph Co., New York, N. Y. A. J. R. Curtis, Assistant Secretary & Safety Director/^orriand Cement Association, Chicago, 111. Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Clinton W. Dkeyer, Manager, East Bay Chapter,, National Safety * " u. National Safety Council, Inc. R. H. Ferguson, Manager of Safety, Republic Steel Corporation, Cleve land, O. Km Fox, Editor, Successful Farming Meredith Publications, Des Moines, la. Roy M. Godwin, Director of Safety, Philadelphia Electric Company, Philadelphia, Pa. O. Gressens, Vice-President and Comptroller, Commonwealth Edison Company, Chicago, 111. W. Earl Hall, Managing Editor, Mason City Globe Gazette, Mason City, la. Juuen H. Harvey, Manager, Accident Prevention Dept., Association of Casualty and Surety Companies, New York, N. Y. Dr, T. Lyle Hazlett, Medical Director, East Pittsburgh, Pa. .Dr. H. T. Heald, President, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 111 James W. Hodson, Assistant Western Counsel, Northern Pacific Rail way Company, Seattle, Wash. Reyburn Hoffman, Manager. The Safety Council of Greater St. Louis, St. Louis, Mo. Mrs. Hiram C. Houchton, Second Vice-President, General Federation of Women's Clubs, Red Oak, la. Dr. Herolo C. Hunt, General Superintendent of Schools, Chicago, 111. George A. Jacoby, Director of Personnel Services, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. FRank L. Jones, The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the U. S,, New York, N. Y. W. Dean Keefer, Second Vice-President, Lumbermens Mutual Casual ty Company, Chicago, 111. E. W. Kempton, Assistant Vice-President. United States Steel Corpora tion of Delaware, Pittsburgh, Pa. Carter Kendall, Assistant Chief Safety Engineer, Bethlehem. Steel Company, Inc., Bethlehem, Pa. Walter G. King, Safety Director, American Optical Company, New York, N. Y. J. O. Leslie, Director of Safety, Gilbert Associates, Inc.. Reading, Pa. Harold F. Limit Manager, Lansing Safety Counci], Lansing, Mich. John E. Long, Superintendent of Safety, The Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation, Albany, N. Y. George H. Lowe, Lowe and Huggins, Ogden, Utah A. E. Lyon, Executive Secretary, Railway Labor Executives' Associa tion, Washington, D. C. Thomas H. MacDonald, Commissioner, Public Roads Administration, Washington, D. C. Paul A. McGhee, Dean of The School of General Education, New York University, New York, N. Y. 9 ' -a / / National Safety CounciL Inc. 1. I. W. Millard, President, Industrial Gloves Company, Danville, 111. ' Erle S. Miner, Engineer, American Telephone and Telegraph Com }' pany, New York, N- Y. j f Harold L. Miner, Manager, Safety & Eire Prevention Division, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co,, Inc, Wilmington, DeL .!* J. Howard Myers, Director of Safety and Fire Prevention, The Atlantic Refining Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. L. K. Nicholson, National Safety Chairman, National Congress of Parents and Teachers, Salt Lake City, Utah Guy L. Noble, Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls dub Work. Chicago, HL :tr Henry . E. North, Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Com pany, San Francisco, Calif. C. E. Peitibone, Vice-President and Manager, Engineering Depart ment, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co. Boston, Mass. pi: R. J. Reigeujth, Treasurer, New Haven Trap Rode Company, New Haven, Conn. Herbert F. Reinhard, Consulting Engineer, Union Carbide & Carbon Corporation, New York, N. Y. Theodore S. Repflier, President, The Advertising Council, Inc. Wash ington, D. C. J. L. Ridinger, Safety Director. Inland Steel Company, Indiana Harbor Works, East Chicago, Ind. A. V. Rohweder, Superintendent of Safety- & Welfare, Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway Co. Duluth, Minn. Fred M. Rosseland, Executive Vice-President, New Jersey State Safety Council, Inc. Newark, N. J. Judge Lee E. Sxeel, Appellate Court, Cleveland, Ohio l De Wht Smith, Vice Chairman in Charge of Domestic Services, The American National Red Cross, Washington, D. C. . R. T. Solensten, . Vice-President, Elliott Service Company, Mount Vernon, N. Y. Leslie J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer, City of Chicago, Chicago, m. R. C. Stratton, Supervising Chemical Engineer, Travelers Insurance Companies, Hartford, Conn. >1: Paul F. Stricken, Executive Vice-President, Greater New York Safety Council, New York, N. Y. C. E. Wooltever, Director of Personnel, A. O. Smith Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis. Dm. William P. Yant, Director of Research & Development, Mine Safety Appliances Company Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pa. J. W. Young, Safety Director, International Harvester Company, Chi cago, m. An The 1947 Ant . National Safety Grand Ballroom ago, on Octobe born. President, Following the them, Preriden quorum present was voted to d the roll; also ti ofr~ the minute Sleeting. Mr. Dearborn Halrxy S. Tnima Dearborn "cmw National Safety they^will leave t to wage the me tack on accident "Records prove Truman, "that; state can achien dent rates by President Dea of the General h consisted of th< Heuser, Chain* Dickinson, C. E. Smith. Mr. Heuser r eral* Nominatln that the Consti mittee to name Trustees, to th< Executive Board office of Executi tions of the Co were reported tc seventy-five days properly annoui Council on Aug Mr. .Heuser th for Trustees of t a three-year tc James B. Black, / 11 Annual Meeting of Memoirs MONDAY MORNING SESSION October 6, 1947 Presiding: NED H. DEARBORN, President, National Safety Council, Inc. The 1917 Annual Council Meeting of the National Safety Council was held in the Grand Ballroom of the Stevens Hotel, Chi cago, on October 6, with Mr. Ned H. Dear born, President, presiding... Following the singing of the. national an them, President Dearborn announced a quorum present, in person or by proxy. It was voted to dispense with the calling of the roll; also to dispense with the reading ofr* the minutes of the previous Annual jSeeting. Mr. Dearborn read a letter from President Harry S. Truman in which he asked that Mr. Dearborn "convey to all those attending the National Safety Congress my earnest hope they^will leave this great meeting determined to wage the most successful nation-wide at tack on accidents this country has ever seen.** "Records prove again and again," said Mr. Truman, "that a factory, a community or a state can achieve amazing reductions in acci dent rates by united and persistent effort." President Dearborn called Cor the report of the General Nominating Commit^*-, which consisted of the following members: G -A. Heuser, Chairman, Ray CatT, Mrs. LaFell Dickinson, C. E. Pettibone, and Theodore F. Smith. Mr. Heuser reported in behalf of the Gen eral* Nominating Committer, pointing out that the Constitution authorizes the Com mittee to name candidates for election to the Trustees, to the Board of Directors, to the Executive Board, and to all offices except the office of Executive Vice-President. The selec tions of the Committee, Mr. Heuser stated, were reported to the Secretary of the Coundl seventy-five days before this meeting and were properly announced to all members of the Council on August 7, 1917. Mr. .Heuser then presented as the nominees for Trustees of the Council, to be elected for a three-year term: Winlhrop W. Aldrich, James B. Black, S. Bruce Blace Morgan B. Brainard, Kenneth B. Caiman, Walter J. Cummings, Francis J. Gavin, William M. Jeffers, William A. Simpson, Herbert E. Smith, Juan T. Trippe, C. E. Wilson, and Robert W. Woodruff. Of the above nomi nees, all but Mr. Woodruff were named in the Nominating Committee's report circulated to the Membership. Mr. Heuser said that Mr. Woodruff's *iann had been added fol lowing consideration by his Committee after the original announcement. (Secretary's Note: A complete list of the Trustees, including those elected at this meeting, as well as those continuing in office from previous elections, is given on pages 6 and 7 of this volume.) Mr. Heuser presented the nominations for Directors. In doing so he omitted the name of Mr. Ralph Hough who, along with the other nominees, bad been announced to members of the Council on August 1947. He explained that Mr. Hough had advised with regret that he would not be able to accept the office. Mr. Craig proposed the natpe of Mr. O. Gressens, of Chicago, to take Mr. Hough's place. Mr. Heuser presented the nominees for the Executive Board, stating that the recom mendations of the Executive Board Nominat ing Committee had been accepted in full, and that the list had been published to mem bers of the Council on August 7, 1947. Mr. Heuser presented nominees for Officers of the Council. He* pointed out that in his Committee's report to the Membership, dated August 7, 1947, no nomination was made for the office of Vice-President for Finance and Treasurer and that, to fill this position, bis Committee now desired to present the name of Mr. O. Gressens of Chicago. There were no nominations except those presented by Mr. Heuser, and the Secretary announced that the entire proxy vote, num bering 5,149, was cast in favor of the nominees proposed by the General Nominating Com mittee. Those at the meeting also voted without dissent in favor of the nominations presented. President Dearborn thereupon de clared the election of those proposed by the General Nominating Committee and intro duced those officers who were seated at the speakers cable. (Secretary's Note: Under the provisions of Section 19-a of the Constitution, as amended, the new Board of Directors is made up of those elected to the old Board of Directors, plus those elected to the old Execu tive Board. The complete list of the new Board will be found on pages 8, 9 and 10. A list of the newly elected Officers will be found on page 5.) Mr. Dearborn called for the report of the Committee on Constitution and By-Laws Re vision, which consisted of the following mem bers: Leslie J. Sorenson, Chairman, Wallace N. Barker, G. A. Heuser, Lee E. Skeel, and R. T. Solensten. _- In reporting for the Revisions Committee Mr. Sorenson referred to the fact that cadi member present at this meeting had been supplied with a printed leaflet, dated Au gust 7, 1947, and that this leaflet, containing proposed changes in the Constitution, had been distributed to all members of the Council on August 7. 1947. Prior to that time the proposed, changes had been ap proved by the Board of Directors at their meeting on July si, 1947. Mr. Sorenson explained that the proposed Constitutional changes will accomplish two major objectives: "first, an expansion of our Conference Plait, in such a way that every major activ ity of the Council will have the sponsor ship and support of a substantial and rep resentative technical group which is an official part of the organization. These various Conferences--on Industry, Traffic. School, Home, Farm, and other aspects of our work, will each be responsible for its own operation as a program developing body. "The second objective of the proposed changes is a simplification of our Board structure, through the consolidation of the Executive Board and the Board of Di rectors. This consolidation Is a natural re sult of the expansion of the Conference idea. Program development under the re vised Conferences would be better organized and better implemented than ever before. The new consolidated Board of Directors would then become a policy-making and general control body; leaving program de tails to the various Conferences." Mr. Sorenson's motion for the adoption of ' the Constitutional revisions was seconded and there was no discussion. The Secretary re ported that 5,147 proxy votes had been cast in favor of the adoption of the Constitutional amendments, and two votes against. Mr. Dear born called for an expression from those in attendance at the meeting, and there were no dissenting votes. He thereupon declared the Constitutional changes adopted. Mr. Sorenson further stated that his Com mittee had developed proposed changes in the By-Laws, to parallel the Constitutional changes, and that these By-Laws revisions would require passage by the Board of Di rectors. He suggested, however, that a vote be taken which would be in the nature of a recommendation bom the Annual Council Meeting to the Board of Directors, advocating app&val of the By-Laws changes. This action was taken without dissenting vote. Mr. Dearborn stated that Section 19-a of the Constitution, as amended, provides that for the year beginning October 6, 1947, the Board of Directors is to indude those elected to the Board of Directors and to the Execu tive Board for that year, under the provisions of the Constitution as in effect prior to the changes made at this meeting; Mr. Dearborn then announced that the first meeting of the new consolidated Board of Directors would be held at x:oo pan., Monday, October 6, in the Stevens Hotel. Mr. Dearborn stated that under Section ig-b of the Constitution, as amended, the Genera] Nominating. Committee is required, at this meeting; to nominate a Chairman of the Board of Directora te serve for the com ing year. He then called upon Mr. Heuser to report in behalf of the Committee. Mr. Heuser said his Committee wished to place in nomination for Chairman of the Board of Directors, Mr. Cleo F. Craig. There were no other nominations. The Secretary reported that the entire proxy vote, numbering 5.149, had been 'em in favor of Mr. Craig. Those present also vbted, without dissent, in favor of his election, whereupon Mr. Dearborn declared him elected. 14 35th National Safety Congress1947 ' Six Murderous Beliefs "\ By NED H. DEARBORN President, National {Safety Council I would like to advocate a purge of certain public enemies. These public enemies are not men. They are ideas and beliefs--ideas and beliefs which prevent safety and'pile up a huge and need less accident toll of human life and limb. They make the prevention of accidents ex tremely and unnecessarily difficult. And until we do purge this country of such concepts, the safety movement will fall far short of its goal. We are all susceptible to theinfluence of labels, slogans and verbal tags of various kinds. If they are wrong or misleading, their influence is bad; if correct and helpful, their influence Is good. The concepts I shall now state are bad. They lead to wrong labelslabels I brand as public enemies. l. THE "OTHER FELLOW" CONCEPT: Nearly everybody seems to assume that an accident will happen to the other fellow, but never to him. We seem to think we are smarter, or luckier, than the other fellow, and that accident victims must be dopes. Are we individually immune? Or worse, is there in us a lurking arrogant egotism which makes us fed that we are smarter or luckier than anyone else?--^ . x. TftE "YOUR NUMBER? UP" CON CEPT: An amuring number of people sub scribe to "the philosophy that an accident happens, or it doesn't--that "your number is up" or it isn't. In other words, that accidents are inevitable when the time is right. Isn't this merely an easy way out of explaining our carelessness and misfortune? Or' worse, do people really believe in fatalism to the point of predetermination? 3. THE "LAW OF AVERAGES" CON CEPT: Too many people shrug off accidental death or injury' as due to the law of averages. Is the factor of chance actually of such magni tude that we are doomed to destruction de spite reasonable precautions? Or worse, that a certain number of people are bound to be killed or hurt in proportion to the total ex posure? 4. THE "PRICE OF PROGRESS" CON CEPT: It is often said accidents are the nat ural price paid for progress. Must scientific advancement take place in some fields of human endeavor, and not in others? Or worse, is science a parasite that thrives on the blood of the very humanity it benefits? 5. THE "SPIRIT OF '76" CONCEPT: Some people hold that safety is inconsistent with the spirit of our. forefathers who took great risks to found our country--or, in other words, that safety is sissy! In our efforts to prevent accidents, are we being disloyal to our forefathers? Or worse, is actident preven tion actually cowardly, and therefore contntry to the true spirit of America? 6. THE "ACT OF GOD" CONCEPT: Fi nally, some folks who ate sincerely religious feel that* an accident is an act of God. Can there .really, be a supernatural carelessness? Or worse, can there be a ditine retribution for our sins which visits us and our loved ones through accidents? Adding it all up--is accident pretention impractical, sacrilegious and effeminate? And are accidents unavoidable; inevitable, a mat ter of luck, predetermined and the price for modem living? 1 don't believe so for a moment. But I do believe that unless we purge these-concepts-- these public enemies--and supplant them in the minds of our citizens with positive be liefs, we may as well give up the struggle. We are wasting our time, efforts and money! The basic question and an alarmingly prevalent one is, "Can accidents actually be prevented?" We who are working In any firfri r>F aeridenr prevention know the answer is ^Des^most of them can be prevented." Can the common misbeliefs be changed? Again we know the^answer is "Yes." One hundred'yeafa ago the idea of vaccina tion was intolerable, to a large portion of the population; twenty-five years ago, still strong objection; today, the idea is generally accepted. A similar change in attitudes to ward inoculations, surgery, and other forms of disease prevention and cures. Only a little more than a century ago even physicians predicted that trains traveling at fifteen miles an hour would bring fatal results to heart Annual Meeting of Members 15 aged? stina of , still eially es to- I forms l little 1 ijpaiH . "life* heart1 and.respiratory action. You and I can remem ber people saying, "The horse* and buggy is good enough for me," and now some still say, "The automobile is good enough for me." But tomorrow-a New Yorker will say, when he arises in the morning, "Let's wait until we arrive in San Francisco to bave our -break fast." And day after, tomorrow we will say, "Let's, take a cruise next weekend and see if what; they say about the Moon and Man is true." And on long weekends we will visit another universe just for a change. So we, the thousands in safety, must make it our No. t job to convert the millions in our population to a new Credo, new Articles oif Faith,-new Attitudes. It is an everlasting job--a job that can be done only if all the big and little guns of our great public in formation resources are kept constantly in action. If you and I don't believe it can be done and if we are not willing diligently and unceasingly to set ourselves to this gi gantic task,-let us fold our tents and silently steal away. Now that the questions are raised, it is appropriate to examine them analytically and constructivdy. Concept No. I--THE "OTHER FELLOW": Our slogan this year--"Be Careful, the Life You Save May Be Your Own"--is a dear rec ognition that you and I are not immune from acddents--that they do not always happen to the other, fellow. The Advertising Council is rendering invaluable assistance in driving that point home. The slogan has caught on, and it is being used over and over again, by people who write and talk about safety. Let's keep this one going! Who can rationally believe that some spe cial dispensation forever especially guards him against an accident and acts accordingly? The assumption is so obviously fallacious as to be absurd, and yet the very absurdity is the ghost that must -be laid. You as a person may so act as to prevent acddents and to protea yourself from acddents, but you can not with reason suppose for a moment that anyone else will so act for himself--or for you. One of our most kctive and influential safety lead en and his wife were crushed tcf'deS'lh in Chicago while window shopping. A motor vehicle out of control brought instant-death to bath of them. A mechanicki dcfect which proper maintenance might have prevented, or a driving fault which proper training might have forestalled can mean death to you. Or even worse, it could mearl a helpless, agoniz ing, crippled life that for all praaical pur poses spells uselessness. Add to that the bur den and grief to others and the accident be comes a' veritable nightmare. It can happen to you. That's gospel truth and you, along with every other human being, must never forget it! Concept No. a-'TOUR NUMBER'S UP": Fatalism is a complete denial of the efficacy of individual initiative. It is especially pro nounced among oriental peoples because of the character of thdr philosophies and relig ions. It is not entirely missing among Chris tian peoples. The emphasis in Christianity placed upon an all-knowing and all-powerful God is logically-followed by an emphasis on the subordination of individual man and his powers. However, leading Christian theolog ians do place responsibility on the individual and that in turn calls, for initiative. The western philosophies and religions do not uphold fatalism, and the point to be stressed here b that no fundamental ground can be found in the basic principles com monly accepted by our people in the United States for a belief in fatalism. War experi ences and isolated experiences in daily life ex plain the comment "when my number is up, 111 go," but the explanation for such com ment is psychological rather than philosoph ical or religious. For example, there is for some people a considerable degree of comfort in that thought when great danger or disas ter is faced. Since the misbelief is not basic in American thought, it can be reduced to harmless pro portions in.- superficial thought. . Fatalism would eliminate traffic lights and signs, safety guards on machinery, life guards at beaches, and any measures to eliminate or reduce ac cident hazards on our farms or in our homes. We really believe fatalism is fantastic. It should be flattened out in he minds of all Americans in whatever form or degree it exists. . Concept No. g--"THE LAW OF AVER AGES": The layt of averages, I suppose, as used by those who:take that defeatist point of view, has some-vague relationship to the normal curve of distribution. Anyone with even elementary knowledge of statistics knows that a distribution curve can be skewed by circumstances and--what * is even more im portant--it can be moved up or down the >.v ,*r X'.i. $M U */?* . Jiltyv. I'!;-.}:';1 mi a 16 35th National Safety Congress, 1947 scale of possibilities. So that doesn't hold water. The factor of chance must be accepted in any competent statistical calculation, but it is always a small part. The chance factor is dominant in at most, five per cent, and, more likely, only two per cent of all accidents. Thus the belief that chance dominates the fre quency and severity of accidents is another absurdity which must be dispelled. For my part, I believe the way to win at "Russian Roulette" is to stop pulling the trigger] Concept No. 4-THE "PRICE OF PROG RESS": Those who talk about progress and its inevitable price seldom know the mean ing of progress. They probably refer to sci entific advancement, especially in the last 75 years. They are doubtless thinking, too, of the constantly accelerating rate of advancement. Scientific discovery and invention are the ex pressions of that advancement in the public mind. So let's take a look at medical discovery in the prevention and cure of disease and at surgical advancement during the last 50 years --methods, instruments, facilities and training. The net result is control of such deadly hu man ailments as, for example, yellow fever, smallpox, diphtheria, malaria, polio, diabetes, and some heart conditions. Not only control, but prevention and reduction. Also increas ing life span. The fields of physical and chemical sciences have brought us the steam and electric rail roads, telephones, motion pictures, television, telegraphy, high speed water carriers, the au tomobile, and the airplanes. Only about onefifth of the fatal motor vehicle accidents, and one-fourth of the fatal train and scheduled air transport accidents, can be attributed to mechanical faults or failures. The same engineering genius that gave us the modern motorcar can give us complete mechanical safety; the manufacturers of fac tory machinery do produce proper safeguards; and the manufacturers of farnwnachinery and home furnishings do provide safety protec tion to the users. u Engineering genius would do more for us than it does if we would permit it to. We wouldn't tolerate a governor on our car, even if it was set at sixty miles an hour. We don't like to wear goggles in hazardous factory op erations; and we are proud of our highly polished floors and scatter rugs, which are always good for a quick take-off and a one point landing. No, the blame is not on scientific advance ment. The blame is mainly on human failure --nothing else. That can be corrected. So let's bury the "progress price" bogey too. Concept No. 5--THE "SPIRIT OF '76": The courage and daring of our forefathers in "risking all" for their ideals and purposes is an American tradition to be presaved. Yet that spirit itself can easily be misinter preted. An examination of the facts will re veal that our forefathers took risks, but not unnecessary rides. Our pioneer settlers, for example; soon learned in Indian warfare that open fighting was extremely unwise. So they fought the Indians Indian-style. Not accus tomed to the vicissitudes of the wilderness, our forefathers took immediate steps to build shelter that would protea them from the dimate and unfriendly neighbors. They plant ed grain, and vegetables to provide the foods necessary to their health, because wild game, berries and fruit were not enough. They used the best safety knowledge at band in feUingtrees and in hewing logs. They kept their guns at hand and their ammunition dry. They certainly were not sissies. Neither were they fools. They could turn their hacks on a -dare too, without loss of dignity or man hood. It's hard to imagine ope of them dar ing another to stick his head out of the stockade so an Indian might rake a pot shot at him. And yet that is what we do when we deliberately rake unnecessary risks and openly invite accidents. It's no fun to be hurt, and our young people, and their elders too, need to remember that their heroes of yesterday and today, who are no sissies, are proteaed from unnecessary dangers. Lindbergh, In 1317. flying alone across the Atlantic. The football player wearing nearly a hundred dollars worth of protective gear. The conditioned and skilled boxer. The trained soldier. No, there is nothing manly about carelessly stepping in front of a moving truck, need lessly losing an arm in a corn picker, foolishly falling down the cellar stairs, or bring in dangerous waters when you can't swim. A sissy is another animal. Let's forget him. But also let's remember that an accident fool is untrue to any American ideal. Concept No. 6--THE "ACT OF GOD": This theory of accidents is not supported in any religion commonly accepted in the west- Annual Meeting of Members 17 ie ern world. It is contrary to my concepts either sistent with my remarks a year ago about of Christianity or Judaism. Christianity, the accident prevention as a problem of public more common religion in America, preaches morality. Without an ethical base and a a God of compassion, not cruelty; of care, not moral code we cannot build a sound safety carelessness; of love, not lade of it. A God on faith. His throne in Heaven, ddiberatdy directing death and destruction, is inconceivable. Safety must be a promise. In my opinion For the some reasons, we may assume that the reason for the popular interest in atomic our ideas of a just God would deny that an power--which the popular mind cannot pos d- xe- ot innocent baby is smothered to punish the parents for their sins. It dosn*t make sense that retribution is visited upon an individual sibly understand--is that promise of atomic power--so glamorous, including as it does the possibility ot freedom from even time-and- or as such in the form of an accident which may space limitations that the possible threat ot at kill or destroy that which was created "in the atomic power is of no significance. American =y image of God." has always gone ahead believing the promise B- It may be suspected that either extreme and disregarding the' threat. The 'Dedaration SS. position is thoughtlessly used to explain some of Independence and the Constitution were Id thing not .fully understood. 'When natural hardly more than glamorous promises, when be itds causes are obscure or unknown in relation to they were conceived, in an ugly threatening effects, it is always easy to find an explana world. Therefore, safety and a safety creed ie. tion in a divine source. But the process doesn't must partake of promise rather than threat, ed stand scrutiny in the light of reason. a positive promise of something bigger, better ng* It will be no disservice to religion, and and more glorious than we have had before ar should be no affront to the religious, if these or have now. ler is n- misbeliefs in"Acts of God" and."Divine retri bution** are replaced by beliefs founded on the true ethics and morals of religion. But What does safety promise? Just as preven tive medicine has given us freedom from the fear of c^tsSB^, so safety can give us freedom tr- t does require a positive program of public from the, fear ]pf accidents. Safety and health be Education to that end. go hand in Jiand- Safety makes worth, baring lOt The main problem, "Can accidents be pre the health which preventive medicine bas tie ily nd ed sented?", is dear. The questions have been lised, analyzed and answered, and the gi>antic task and our responsibilities laid on given. Safety can promise *0,000 children a year'a chance to live and have fun, a chance to grow op and become men and women. !ay he line. Safety can promise freedom from-a large ed America has won other battles and wars; amount of unnecessaty worry, anxiety and *7. he has solved other problems. She can win grief. Safety can life an enormous economic an he war against accidents and she can solve burden from the hades of 3310001000 Ameri in ied he safety problem. But only, let me repeat, can families. Safety ran put money in the is we, the leaders in safety, vigorously and pockets of every man, woman and child in sly si iearly take the first step--constant public this country. Safety can contribute to our duration to r^jlace common misbeliefs with national strength, aye, even to world strength. illy rmstructive and positive faith in word and My dosing comment is a plea to each of in leed. you safety specialists, each of you safety lead A What has just been said is no denial of the ers, each of you humanitarians to help build tut is mportance of enforcement and of engineer in America a new safety faith that our great ing. Education transcends them in order of work may continue to add and to add more mportance and makes them possible of im- speedily, to the happiness and welfare of all in st novement. mankind. Ours is a glorious opportunity, a What has just been said is thoroughly con tremendous challenge, a solemn duty. -I 'm ,fei 3c> * m 18 35th National Safety Congress, 1947 The "New Look" in Safety By MRS. GEORGE W. j\qUA "This is all very nay be thinking, what these women Safely Chairman. General Federation of Women's Clubs dent prcventton. PI 111 be glad to. Le We hear a lot these days about "the New first word. In witness thereof, kindly note' my women can do for h Look" in women's fashions. Well. I think place on the program this morning! it's about time we fomen had a "New Look" I firmly believe that the time has come- i. They can do a of helping to oiga in safety! and, indeed, is long overdue--for the woman round!, lending th What do I mean by that? Just this: For to be given "the New Look'' in safety--and is badly needed. y, too many years. In too many places, in too many fields of service, women have been kept out of the starting lineup and used only when in many.other fields of public service. It is time to stopjust "including" women in our governing boards and to give them active a. They can enli a continuingsafety one else, by carryin and persons men cs the game was hopelessly lost, or the masculine leadership and specific tasks, with the full stars had become a little punch-drunk from and sincere expectation that they will'assume 5- They can mak to be practical ab |t being thrown for a loss^ln the fidd-bf safety, their responsibilities and deliver the goods. able, in the grace St 'K for example^ the rugged individual who for I think I can promise-you that yotr will be shop, at the hatidn many years insisted that woman's place is in surprised and delighted at! what happens! wheel of a car. 11\ 1 the home is still too much indined to believe I know bom perianal experience that that woman's place is in the home section-- women--thousands of them all over the 4. Most of all, ch practices and habits and nowhere else! country--are willing and eager to do a lot personal example a ti:' *t The "New Look" in women's safety fash of. the more active jobs that men are con ions that I am. talking about is a look of stantly saying they want women to do--and their homes. I have talked a! s! emancipation from the token recognition too never give them a chance to do. women's safety fast if often accorded a woman here and a woman Of course, the woman will need specific of giving the worn |} l .1 there as a mere sop to her sex. The "New Look" would see her garbed in a modish mantle of authority and doaked with power to take active'leadership in formulating the strategy in the war on accidents. direction to begin with. Bat given authority to do the job, and permitted to use this au thority, I am perfectly willing to stick my neck out and say positively that you will get results you never have obtained before. live part.in safety we also can give s by making It rho "thing to do" And can do more than I Perhaps some of you gentlemen nay have wondered why so many women vice-presidents or vice-chairmen have failed to show up for these high-powered meetings and conferences you periodically arrange. 1 can explain that, it is because these ladies have become a little weary of attending these important affairs and just sitting and listening and listening and sitting. Gentlemen, you should know by this time that no woman likes to just sit and listen! Believe me, there is no sadder sight than to see a female vice-president limp off the rostrum after one of these sessions, suffering from saddle bums acquired from riding a hard, bumpy chair for hour after* hour'with no relief except for the one glorious moment when she is magnanimously called upon by Up to now, women have been so circum scribed in their participation in the more Im portant functions of many public service cam paigns that some of them havoi*l learned the knack of starting under their own power. You may have to crank them a little. But once under way, they can take It from there And they soon will become self starters! Take the field of safety, for example. Once women in general know the goals and pur poses of the safety movement, and are shown how to start for those goals,- they'll start all right--and you'll get dependable and subfactory performance. You know, many a woman fa a back-seat driver only because she has never been invited to ride up boot. Likewise, many a woman has taken a back seat in safety only because she has never I firmly believe tl can make it positi less, and definitely needles* accident. To begin with) ' subconscious feetin almost everyone e in a preventable ac glow of pride and fed when we undo age person feds a t sdf consdotnness 1 He feds a little sill jury isn't serious c dent b undignified things about a mil of explaining it to Selling, then, uj an indulgent and conscience-stricken chair man to "stand up and take a bow!" Gentlemen, you who are married--and even you who are not--must know that a woman likes to have a word now and thpn. if she doesn't have the last word, she wants the been asked to sit np front! We women don't demand the "five-fifty" third-row seats at the safety show; button the other hand, we don't particularly relish the idea of being per petually assigned to *be `"one-ten" seats in the last three rows of he second balcony! /' of embarrassment, mine leadership, la Uniting campaign 1 of awkwardness, r and to make safety 'ailing fashion? Aft Annual Meeting of Members 19 "This is all vary touching," some of you caution, courtesy and common sense. Is there may be thinking. "But please tell us just anything unstylish about that? what these women actually can do in acci One thing 1 know; while it is .true that dent prevention/Please get down to cases." women today are submitting to a "New Look" Ill be glad to. Let's Ifc a few specific things women can do Cor safety: i. They can do a thorough and efficient job of helping to organize a community safety rouncil, lending their influence at a time it is badly heeded. a. They can enlist community support Cor a continuing safety campaign better than any- ' one else, by carrying the campaign to groups and persons men can't always influence. 3. They can it stylish and fashionable to be practical about safety over the card able, ha the grocery store and the butcher shop, at the hairdresser's--yes, and behind the wheel of a car. 4. Most of all, they can influence the safety practices and habits of their families, both by personal example and by the way they keep their homes. .. I have talked about- the "New Look" in women's safety fashions ftpm the standpoint of giving the women a bigger and more ac tive part.in safety leadership. But I believe we also can give safety itself a "New Look'' by making it more stylish and more the "thing to do." And in this, women certainly can do more than anyone else. I firmly believe that with feminine help, we can make it positively unstylish to be care less, and definitely a little stupid to have a needless aeddent. in feminine fashions that many of us do not personally acclaim, no woman wants to appear in an off-the-face bandage, or an armhole sling, or an ankle-length castl They are defi* nitely unflattering, and we women will do everything we can to make them unfashlonablel "Is that so?" some male skeptic may ask. "Well, then, why don't some of you women drivers start making it stylish to behave a little better in traffic?" Now that brings up a touchy subject; For while I am sure that none of you gentle men here today have ever thought of in dulging in such a pasttime, there are. men who seem to make a career out of inferring that women are--well, not entirely flawless in their traffic behavior. 1 am now going to startle you a bit by ad mitting. frankly that the average woman driver is far from perfect. She is apt to. stop quite suddenly and unpredictably in the middle of the block and wave a dainty hand, not to indicate a turn, as you might think, but to point out to a companion a perfectly devastating bonnet in the shop across the street. When she does indicate a right turn, she is sometimes apt to make a left tum or perhaps no turn at all. In fact, there are times when the driver behind her--always a man, of course--can be sure of'nothing except that there's a window To begin with, we have in our favor the open on the lady's left! subconscious feeling of embarrassment that almost everyone experiences when involved in a preventable accident. Unlike the definite glow of pride and achievement most of us fed when we undergo an operation, the aver age person feds a twinge of awkwardness and rdf consciousness when he has an accident. He feds a little silly-esperially when the in jury isn't serious or the nature of the acci Now, all this is very annoying, and if you . gentlemen weren't such perfect gentlemen, you might occasionally show your annoy- ancel But gentlemen--have you ever seen yourselves drive a car? Have you ever seen a woman who could, or who would even try, to thread a car through heavy traffic at a show-off speed, swerving madly from lane to lane with an adolescent attitude of "Look, dent is undignified. In feet, one of the worse no handsl" as so many of you men so often things about a minor accident is the ordeal do? Have you ever--but need I go further? of explaining it to your friendsl No, gentlemen, the women of America are Seizing, then, upon this universal feeling just as safety minded as you men. And they of embarrassment, why can't we, with fern- j are ready and willing, I am sure, , to .do not inine leadership, launch a vigorous and con only the safety job you want them to do, tinuing campaign to make accidents a mark but go far beyond your current conception of awkwardness, rudeness and ineptitude-- of what they can do in bringing about a re and to make safety a social grace and a pre duction in the aeddent toll. vailing fashion? After all. safety depends upon Please do not infer from my comments this V & 20 35th National Safety Congress, 1947 morning that I think women have been scorned or completely ignored in ?he safety movement. Far from itt They are being asked to do more and more, and I well know and applaud the earnest and sincere policy of. the NationaTSafety Council and other safety organizations to have women play an increas ingly active and important part in accident prevention. What I am asking today is that we here and now redouble and speed our efforts to recruit the women of America into the war on accidents just as the Army and Navy re cruited Wacs and Waves in the war on the Axis--and to let the women be colonels and generals as well.as privates and sergeants! Women are extremely sensitive to suffering and tragedy and bloodshed and the other horrible results of accidents. They instinc tively wapt to do everything they can to pre vent such things. On behalf of these Women. I earnestly ask--please let us work together to wage this war on accidents more than we have ever done before. Together, let us win itl Advertising Saves laves By JOHN C. STERLING Publisher, THIS WEEK, Director and Chairman of The Industrial Relations Committee, The Advertising Council, Tne. This talk could not have been given xo years ago in this country, and right now it could not be given at all in any other coun try--for it deals with a newly awakened kind of public mindedness on the part of business that is not only peculiar to the last few yean in this country, but is non-existent in other countries. You have heard a lot and read a lot about our standards of living in this great country --standards known to be the highest in the world. But this talk is going to be about our even higher standards of public thinking. It is nothing new for business to be so pro gressive as to do many things .for the welfare of its employees or its local community or for the advantage of its customers. Business has always contributed generously to. local philanthropic projects. It has belonged to association^, for the promotion of the good of a special industry. For many years, the National Safety Coun cil has promoted campaigns to prevent in dustrial accidents. While that progressive pro gram on the part of the members was, of course, in varying degrees humanitarian, fundamentally it was enlightened self-interest with tangible results. Tweqty yean ago you extended your work in ihe'miblic interest to indude the prevention of traffic accidents. But the sypport of your campaigns to reduce accidents on the road has necessarily largdy come from those who have at a partial podeetbook reason for wanting to.see acci dents reduced. As progressive as that think ing was, it was still short of the step which 1 am about to describe--the advanced thinking that was boro in America during the war. / Expressed in capsule fofm, all business came interested in the welfare of the i as a whole, instead of sections of business being interested only in their own particular industry problems and obligations. The think ing which nurtured this idea and the mech anism which implemented the idea caused the formation of The Advertising Council. The difference between the present time and the pre-war past lies in the fact that up to the time of the last war, you were de pendent for support mainly on those en lightened companies who had the imagina tion to see that the nature of their business created the obligation to prevent accidents. During the war and now, through the new enlightenment of many companies, your proj ects are being supported by bottlers, canners, bakers and many another industry that .has no apparent direct interest in stopping acci dents. Since 1943 the National Safety Council and The Advertising Council have worked dosdy tsfeether. This is a typical year. Let's, look at it. Studying your problems together,; there was produced a basic Campaign Guide or handbook for advertisers. 10,000 of these Campaign Guides < safety were dlstribu and to advertising three phases of the dally newspapers. I were prepared ant works. To the ind sheets from whid their own announ cards were prepai work was contribi of The Advertising cam, Chicago, ge services of profea copywriters, artists men. Mr. Wesley 1 ager of the Stand diana, was desigr means of this set Council pays abo printing, etc, and sional creative worn at the rate of abot What has been ties expressed in-te taken place? Because many automatically cont of their commerd assign many annou of traffic accidents, this year there ha' impressions. Tkus I the Hooper Ratinf which the message pfessive figure is i Red Cross. In add traffic accidents as air program. Also took np the them meats or as part c grams. In tnagarin national advertise the safety theme i have beat orderec last year. 3,000 t by newspapers in Jane 4,000'mats' for by the nerap lives up to last/ of newspaper your In addition, man' displayed; and 01 your own device Annual Meeting of Members 21 fjmptgn Guide* on traffic,' farm and home safety were distributed to national advertisers and to advertising agencies. Proof sheets on three phases of the campaign were sent to all daily newspapers. Radio spot announcements were prepared and distributed to the net* works. To the individual stations went fact sheets from which stations could prepare their own announanents. Posters and carcards were prepared. All this professional work was contributed free. At the request of The Advertising Council, Young & Rubicam, Chicago, generously contributed the services of professional advertising men-- copywriters, artists, research men and plans men. Mr. Wesley I. Nunn, Advertising Manager of the Standard Oil Company of In diana, was designated as coordinator. By means of this set-up, the National Safety Council pays about $20,000 for typesetting, printing, etc, and is receiving free profes sional creative work and advertising support at the rate of aboura million dollars a year. What has been the result of these activi ties expressed in-terms of advertising that has taken place? Because many network radio advertisers automatically contribute a certain percentage of their commercial-time, it was possible to assign many announcements to the preventi6n of traffic accidents. In the first six months of this year there have been 853,550,000 listener impressions. This figure is arrived at by using the Hooper Rating for.the programs through which the messages were broadcast. This im pressive figure is second only to that of the Red Crass. In addition, some advertisers used traffic accidents as a part of the body of an air program. Also, many individual stations took up the theme either as spot announce ments or as part of their own sustaining pro grams. In magazines, so far this year, over 32 national advertisers are known to have used the safety theme Mats for use by newspapers have bear ordered at about the same rate as last year. 3^000 traffic mam were requested by newspapers in the months of May and June. 4,ooo*mab\on farm safety were sent Cor by the newspapers in July. If this year lives up to lasyyrar, some 6 million fines of newspaper space will have appeared on your threcLcampalgns before the year is over. In addition, many window posters are being displayed; and on top of an that, through your own devices there will be many out door posters. Through all this, safety mes sages are being repeated over and over again. What has been the result of all this ad vertising in terms of saving lives? Naturally, it is impossible to give even an approximate accounting; because of the feet that advertising was only a part of your total effort. It merely backed the many angles of your own efforts. You have been fortunate in having major articles in major publications tell your story for you--the big one of course was "And Sudden Death," which appeared in the Read er's Digest in 1935 and was often reprinted. The most recent article, "License to Kill," pub lished in the Saturday Evening Post, was one of the very best. Who knows how far that article will go to help the cause--by making driving licenses harder to get? Then, prob ably the most important work of all is your on-the-spot education program. For, in the final analysis, it will be people and organiza tion that will stop accidents. Workers will make the program tick. During the war, the war bond program couldn't have succeeded without the 5 million local workers. The fet salvage program ticked because grocers and butchers put up little signs that said, in effect, 'Tats make ballets." Individual effort can put life into your slogan, "The life you save may be your own ' That means the in dividual work of judges, legislators, city of ficials, prosecutors, the police, traffic engineers and teachers. However, in spite of the Importance of the many other activities, advertising surely has played enough of a part in reducing accidents so that it is justified in sitting around the table with the rest of your services and shar ing part of the credit for whatever has been accomplished. We all saw the mileage death rate go steadily down over a period of years until the time of the war. It could then rea sonably have been expected that the rate would go up because of older vehicles on the road, and certainly one could have expected that, after the war, there would be not only a sharp rise in the number of deaths, but an increase in the mileage death rate. While, of course, the number of deaths has gone up, the mileage rate has continued to go down, both during the war and after. This has been a major accomplishment--one in which it is entirely proper to take pride. 22 35th NationalSafety Congress, 1947 The point of this talk is that there is a new public mindedness. To clarify that point, let's for contrast, go way back to World War I and see what business did through ad vertising to help, win that war. A study of the advertising copy in newspapers and 'magazines from 1915 through 1918 shows that business did nothing through advertising except in a very few cases where the national emergency created the possibility of direct benefit to an advertiser. The advertisements were full of pictures of soldiers-and sailors, but they were all put there to get attention and not to render a public service. The ex ceedingly few advertisements of that period which mentioned anything about national problems told us that there was a wheat shortage--and that story was told by those who had a substitute for bread. Also, they informed the public that there was a freight shortage--and we were apprized of this by the truck manufacturers. Aside from these two national troubles, little can be told from advertising pages about the war or condi tions at that time. The editorial columns, of course, were foil of the current problems, but the advertising columns were not. Between World War I and World War II, advertising came of age. It talked about peo ple's problems first and then fitted the prod uct into those problems. Soap copy, tar ex ample, began to think in toms of tender hands and whiter dothes and more time for rest. So, when World War II came, the tech nical side of advertising was ready. People were ready too. There was a higher degree of literacy. The all-out conception of winning the war had taken a firm hold. Advertising had readied such a new high moral and tech nical standard that it was read and heard' and believed by a substantial number of peo ple. All that was needed was advertising or ganization to use that readiness, and above all there was needed the 'support of business to supply the means of communication--space and time to carry messages to the-people in terms of the day to day problems. The Ad vertising Council was formed, and did a magnificent job of creative work and or ganization so that business could reach a new high standard of public thinking and accomplishment for the common good. When one reviews the advertising pages published during World War II, one gets a complete picture of the conditions and problems of the home front.' In some cases, particular industries--mainly by themselves--did selling jobs on projects that primarily concerned their own industry. Notable among these outstanding compaigtu were the achievements of soap manufacturen in promoting the salvage of fats. Notable also was' the achievement of the newspapers in promoting waste paper salvage. There was aho' an important result In scrap metal sal vage participated in by a number of indus tries. And-among the outstanding achieve ments was your own Stop Accidents campaign. While these were allied with The Advertis ing Council, they were not primarily Adver tising Council projects. Where The Council stepped in was in those many projects which had no organized natural allies in industry. For example. War Bonds, WAC and WAVE Recruiting, Merchant Marine Recruiting. Victory Gardens, V-Mail, Forest Fire Preven tion. Altogether, over 100 campaigns were created .by The Advertising Council and re ceived all or part of their space and time sponsorship through the fatalities of The Advertising CoundL tt was the step onward from enlightened self-interest to the new standard of public mindedness that was concaved at this time. Many an industry and nutfiyac&mpany which had no problem child of its own adopted one or more. The payoff lies-ia-theiact that most of the campaigns were outstandingly success ful. Many a company devoted its entire ap propriation toward the winning of the war. Many a company included a wartime mes sage in each of its printed advertisements. Many companies participated in the radio allocation plan, setting aside a regular time schedule for war messages. Advertising has been called "The Sword Arm of Business." In World War II it . was truly just exactly- that. Let's- look at the rec ord. In some of the war campaigns, advertis ing merely paced the efforts of millions of willing individual workers, but in other cases advertising was the major force. During the 43 months from January 15, 194a to August 14, 1945, 85 million different Americans bought small denomination bonds. Fifty mil lion Victory Gardens were planted. In the last year, home production accounted for 40 per cent of all the fresh vegetables consumed by civilians. Four muted to ease the in food plants. By the Bulge, one out was V-Mail, thus s: habit of the natiox overseas Christinas tober. In 1944, 95 gifts mailed were 01 1st deadline. 60,00 cruited each year fi In an emergency, cruited in 60 days; Technicians. The nutse requirements Millions of men am blood donors, nm police and firemen, in other voluntary Daring those cri million pounds of 23 million tons of million pounds of on top of all that, their quotas both t National War Fund space contributed, and a half yean, s billion dollars. What did all tl thing*--thaf the i sponsive and won' properly-told what meant that Ameri heart and soul, as meant one more skills of advertisin the public good. As you well kno editorial columns 1 ice. But Usually tha there is news. It isto go to the publi peat the story ove message from the it in'the privacy < glory ami lustre c lay in the fact th best informed com come the best ini mantjleering of an was the only conn a boast. When the war e ism for helping the Annual Meeting of Members 23 the by civilians. Four million workers were re disappear? The answer was that the new cruited to ease the labor pinch on farms and found public mlndpdn could apply to the nly in food plants. By the time of the Battle of problems of peace as well as to the problems sets the Bulge, one out of three overseas letters of war. And what has business been doing try. was V-Mail, thus saving vital cargo space. A about the problems of peace? Here, at last, gns habit of the nation was changed to mailing we come to the essence of this little talk. ns overseas Christmas gifts by the ist of Oc During the war, business bad proven that ilso tober. In 1944, 95 per cent of al) Christmas all it needed was a mechanism through which in gifts mailed were on the way by that October to express its public mindedness. It is now ms 1st deadline. 60,000 young ladies were re in the process of proving that all it needs is nl- cruited each year tor die Cadet Nurse Corps. organization in time of peace to continue to us- In an emergency, ixjooo WACs were re prove its new attitude. The Advertising Coun TC- cruited in 60 days as greatly needed Hospital cil is that organization. It is a non-profit, non g"tis- Technicians. The regular Army and Navy political organization, supported by the con nurse requirements were met without a draft- tributions of advertising agencies, advertis rer- Millions of men and women were recruited as ing media and general business. Some of the' idl blood donors, nurses* aids and auxiliary corporations which support the Council are icb police and firemen, ration board workers and advertisers' and some are not. That is as it try. in other voluntary civilian war jobs. should be, because the Advertising Council VE During those critical 43 war months, 538 is not a mechanism only of advertisers, but "gen- million pounds of waste fats were salvaged; of business as a whole. The work of The 23 million tons of paper were salvaged; 800 Advertising Council is divided into two parts: ere million pounds of tin were salvaged. And, first, the creating of campaigns, and second, re- on top of all that, the American public met the dissemination of copy and messages. me their quotas both on the Red Cross and the Advertising agencies give their services free Tie National War Funds. The estimated time and when called upon by The Council to make , space contributed, during a little over three such contributions. In many cases, the agen sed >lic and a half years, amounted to more than a cies not only contribute their expensive tal billion dollars. ent, but frequently contribute substantial out- ne. idi me What did all this mean? It meant three things--that the American public was re sponsive arid would do the right thing if properly told what was the right thing. It also of-pocket expense. To get these important messages to the public, there is set up an im portant mechanism which will probably sur prise you. It is contributed both by media and iosi meant that American business was big in by advertisers. Over one thousand magazines sss- heart and soul, as well as in body. And it contribute one page a month to advertising ap- meant one more thing--that the technical campaigns. This represents a circulation of rar. skills of advertising could be harnessed to 153 million pages of advertising per month. les- the public good. Currently, these pages are being used on Sav ats. As you well know, the news columns and ings Bonds to help finance the government, dio me editorial columns render a great public serv ice. But usually that support comes only when and at the same time helping to stem the in flation tide. Radio networks and individual there is news. It is-the function of advertising radio stations frequently contribute on sus 3rd to go to the public again and again; to re taining programs and free spots; the outdoor S2S peat the story over and over; to shout the posting industry contributes a minimum of ec- message from the housetop, and to whisper 2,500 posters per month; the car-card indus tis- it in'the privacy of millions of homes. The try contributes 70,000 canards per month; of glory aid lustre of all this accomplishment newspapers contribute generously in space ises lay in the fact that it was voluntary. The when The Advertising Council offers news the best informed country in the world had be paper mats on its various campaigns. So much yist come the best informed without the com for the important contribution of media. am mandeering of any fatalities whatsoever. It Now, as for advertisers themselves, many oil- was the only country that could make such corporations make a standard and regular the a boast. contribution of part of their commercial time 4 When the war ended, should the mechan on the air. In addition, many another com led ism Cor helping the people to help themselves pany is from time to time appealed to by j 24 35th National Safety Congress, 1947 i The Advertising Council's regular radio bul of the fact that sales of bonds through pay sotb, 60 per cer letin, and cooperates substantially. Many a rolls axe off 37 per cent from last year*.But 67 per cent said national advertiser indudes Advertising Coun individuals in cities and small communities 8th, 74 per cent 9 J> cil campaigns as a part of national copy, and on farms increased their purchases more either regularly or occasionally. And finally, chan enough to. offset that sales loss. To tell ca's promised 6 ports ready for si the local advertiser, who is such an important it all in a nutshell, sales to individuals are Hoover, "There part of thc.mcchanism, furnishes a very large up--up in spite of many adverse factors. In the program has bee volume of support. All this support by the na year 1946, 7 per cent of the country's money tional advertiser is largely obtained through a available for savings went into small denom dreds'of thousar lives." Capipaign Guide. This is a brochure.or ination bonds. In the first half of 1947, 17 The part that pamphlet that outlines the need, explains the per cent of this free money went into small steady decrease i best approach to the subject, and offers sam bonds for individuals. vindng story. W ple advertisements which can either be used Another outstanding example of the ef as written or can act as an inspiration to fectiveness of well organized advertising and ings of a little have told many Ifc original copy following the same theme. Lo the generosity of business and the responsive cal support comes as a result of proof sheets ness of the public happened last year. This b ful, And that ha showing advertisements ready for exact repro singled out because the campaign saved lives. duction and a mat service that makes oider You will recall that during last spring Europe ing easy. This is democracy at work. faced starvation on a large scale. Herbert Now, just what are the campaigns in which Hoover had been made Honorary Chairman The Advertising Coiindl is interested, and of the Famine Emergency Committee. At his what has been the success of those campaigns? request. The Advertising Council went to The Advertising Council in the past year work on a voluntary "share the wheat' pro has handled campaigns on the Importance of gram. The United States, like other grain World Trade, the Significance of Atomic En ergy; Student Nurse Recruitment, Forest Fire Prevention, U. S. O. Community Chest, Red Cross, Veterans' Housing, Interracial Toler ance, Reinstatement of G. I. Insurance, Fat producing nations, bad committed itself to proride grain to hunger stricken countries. Our commitment was 6 million tons, and we were lagging far behind. Salvage, Soil Conservation, Famine Emergency, The Advertising Council advised all ad U. S. Savings Bonds, and last, but not least. vertisers, agencies and media. Soon, mes Stop Accidents, New campaigns--either just sages began reaching the people through ev started or about to start--are on The Teacher ery advertising channel, supplementing a Crisis in Our Schools, Tuberculosis Control, heavy news and editorial coverage. American Heritage Campaign--spotlighted by the Freedom Train, and a large'new campaign about to start on the American Economic System. Many national advertisers ran special fam ine advertisements in magazines, newspapers, radio and other media. Newspapers through out the country carried Council-prepared ad Already, some of these peacetime projects vertisements. On commercial radio shows have furnished conclusive evidence that con alone* messages prepared from Council fact tributed advertising time and space can pro sheets accounted for 63s million .listener im duce a successful result. For example, in the pressions. Famine messages appeared in out campaign to induce people to buy U. S. Gov door advertising, in car cards, in window ernment Savings Bonds, we have seen an ac posters, store displays and many other media. complishment which must be credited to ad Through the cooperation of the National Re vertising. Beginning with the last year of the tail DryHoods Association, department stoics war; redemptions of small denomination devoted more than $500,000 worth of adver y bonds by individuals exceeded purchases. A tising space to the emergency. year ago, through The Advertising Council, Public Opinion polls showed a steadily a campaign was started to change that unfor increasing public awareness of the problem. tunate trend. The public has responded by The famed American Institute of Public buying more E and F Bonds during the first Opinion kept asking the public, "Is your fam 6 months of 1947 than were redeemed. This ily doing anything now to save food?" On is a remarkable achievement. This is in spite April 3rd, 53 per cent said "Yes"; on. April Annual Meeting of Members 25' soth, 60 per cent said "Yes"; on May isth, 67 per cent said "Yes"; and finally,, on June 8th, 74 per cent said "Yes". The last of Ameri ca's promised 6 million tons was at the ports ready for shipment in July. Said Herbert Hoover, "There is no question hut .that this program has been responsible for saying hundreds ol thousands -- perhaps millions -- of lives." The part that advertising has played in the steady decrease in loss by forest fires is a con vincing story. Walt Disney's marvelous draw ings of a little bear cub called "Smoky" have told many a forest motorist to be care ful, And that has'saved lives, too. So, back in your home towns, make use of the advertising materials that are available. Do it with confidence that the organized effort of all of us will save lives--on the highways, on the farms and in the homes. In conclusion, let me point out that it is sometimes as difficult to prove conclusively the case for advertising as it is to prove the case for education, or for honesty, or for diligence, or even for freedom. In the. world there are many skeptics, there are many donothings. But, on one platform you can surely stand. An old proverb says it well. It is this: "It is better to light a candle than to curse (he darkness.;' WEDNESDAY EVENING SESSION October 8, 1947 Presiding: CLEO F. CRAIG, Vice-President, American Telephone and Telegraph Company Values in the Safety Movement (Excerpts from Address) By DR. RALPH W. SOCEMAN Minister, Christ Church, New York City However we Americans may be divided on universal military training, we certainly can all unite on universal safety training. We remember that more lives were losl by acci dents in America during the war than on the battlefronts. The war .against accidents is- as real a challenge as ever was any foreign foe. Our safety campaign needs four E's--Engi neering, Education, Enforcement and Enlist ment. We have made tremendous strides in the engineering phase of safety. By and large, our industrial leaders are giving thenbest .brains to the business of accident pre vention. There b a lag, however, between-mechanical engineering and human engineering. Here occurs the waste of life and effort. On my visit to Europe this summer I found so many people forced to waste time conform ing to regulations imposed by the devasta tion of war. So many good people, who could be used otherwise, were spending effort in planning household economies and in meet ing various radon systems. We Americans do not have to spend horns on ration cards and queues. Our waste comes through speed and power with their trail of accidents and tragedies. Safety education must he brought home to the- individual more vividly. We of the modem day are so thrill-hardaied that al though we are shocked by spectacular fires and wholesale dnunatic destruction,, we do not sustain oar interest long enough to fol low through with'remedies. We must see the human bees behind the accident statistics. If we in America! do not voluntarily curb our carelessness and ohserve safety precau tions, the government will be forced to leg islate further on these lines. The test of free peoples is the willingness to obey the unen forceable. If we fail to restrain ourselves, we open the way for increasing governmental regimentation. That is the road to dictator ship. You cannot keep a country healthy and safe by police whistles and burdensome governmental overhead. Public safety is really a matter of personal morality. A man is not designed to be his brother's keeper in the sense of restricting another's liberty. But he b meant to be hb brother's brother, safeguarding the other's liberty by removing all possible hazards. If- we' acci dentally cause the death of a fellowman, the law may excuse us, but we cannot excuse ourselves. Good intentions do not remove the hell of remorse. We should .enlist in safety campaigns both locally and nationally. In. a time of world tension it b imperative that America con serve her manpower. - But national organiza tions will be ineffective without local units. When the world community Is. In disorder, it becomes ail the more important to keep local communities safe and orderly; During the war. every individual was made' to fed he could do something. The war effort was individualized to give a task to the least and last of us. So it must be with our peace effort and there b no more significant aspect of peace time citizenship than the promotion of public safety. In thb every one of ns can do something; every one of us must do something. Women's Activities >r WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 8, 1947 . Presiding: MRS. L. K. NICHOLSON, Vice-President for Women's Activities, N.S.C.; National Safety Chairman, National Congress of Parents and Teachers A Tangible Goal for Highway Safety By PAUL G. HOFFMAN Pres., Studebaker Corporation; Chairman of the Board, Automotive Safety Foundation . All great-movements depend on intelligent leadership and hard work. The safety move ment is no exception! Here in Chicago this week are gathered the men and women from ill parts of America whose efforts win de termine whether7 the war on accidents is to be won or lost. The fact that this luncheon is sponsored by the Women's Activities Committee gives the occasion a special significance. Women in America always have been in the vanguard of human betterment. This has been true in the fidds of education, social welfare, better dtia^nshlp, health and other important realms of activity. Certainly it has been true also of accident prevention; The outstanding contribution by women and by women's or ganizations Is an inspiring chapter and a most encouraging chapter In the history of safety in the United States. Examples are legion of worthwhile pro grams energized by women's organizations. Out in Wyoming, for example, some of the women1! groups this year staged a spirited campaign and are given a. large share of the . credit for the motor vehicle license law en-' acted In Wyoming. Recently I read in Life magazine about the Women! Club In Westport; Connecticut which'has been instrumental in providing the town with street signs, concrete sidewalks, all-night illumination and playgrounds. The president of that dub is a member, of the town traffic committee. Another development of great potential usefulness was the establishment recently by the Women Lawyers Association of a com mittee which will devote itself to the impor tant problem of uniformity in traffic laws. Women already have played a major part in the safety program, and they can be ex pected to occupy an even greater place in the future. From my own experience in Indiana, I can testify to their infinite capacity for get ting things done--especially the difficult things. The various women's-jorgaipzations represent a powerful ami mtifspehsable force for progress in the safety ` movement. In the field of highway safety, with which all of us must be deeply concerned, the sit uation calls today for a redoubling of effort,' not only by women's organizations, but also by every civic, business and professional group in the country. Highway accidents nat urally increase or decrease in number accord ing to the amount of travel. This year travel is incteasing. Moreover, today! passenger car travels on the average, something like 1,000 miles per year more than it did before the ' To detennine.whether the program is mak ing progress-or losing ground--we have to measure the accident toll in relation to the amount of travel. In other words, a mileage death rate; On that basis, there is evidence of substantial and encouiaging progress. A dozen years ago, there were approximatdy 18 fatalities on our streets and high, ways for every too million miles of travel. In 1941 that fatality rate had been forced down to ix, where it remained fairly constant during the war years. 1946 saw It shoved down again--to 98 and so for this year ft stands SO 35th National Safety Congress, 1947 at 8.1 for the fint six months indicating that high school driver iralning-is rapidly gain the downward trend it continuing. ing public Interest and attention this year, During the last to yean,, this reduction in and urgently heeds the active snpport of the fatality rate-faom 15 in 1937 to 9* in organized community groups. 1946--represented a saving of more than Today, only about one per cent of the 80,000 lives. That many more would have 15,000 high schools in the country are of died, had the 1937 rate continued. . fering behind-the-wheel training, which the Early In 1946, the President of the United States called to Washington some ajooo civic leaders and officials bom all parts of the country. Out of that conference came. the Action Program for highway safety--a tangi ble goal for highway safety. The 1945 fatality rate ,was 1a. The objective is a rednaknf of that figure, in .three years to six. Today- at the midway point in our three-year effort, we President's Conference described as vital' to highway safety. Vet each year, more than s million boys and girls reach driving age. Properly trained, they could and should be the world's best drivers. But most of them don't get that kind.of training. As a result, the driving Record of teen-agers is bad; five times worse than the adult age group be tween 45 and.5a have attained, half of the goal. The program This situation is all the more tragic when is proceeding oh schedule. < we see what high school driver training can But what- is even more important, we have demonstrated again, on a national scale, that there jh no mystery about accident preven tion. The Action Program,'if continuously accomplish. In one city, a study showed that the trained drivers have twice as good an accident record as school-age drivers who did not get the instruction. and intelligently put to work, will reduce We talk about highway safety largely in accidents. We know what it takes to do the terms of statistics. Uniform arid complete ac job. Today, as never before, it is true that cident `records are indispensable to a sound any community, or state, can have just as . program. But if we areto get the foil meas much safety as it is witling to work for and ure of public understanding and cooperation pay for. which is necessary to reach our goal, I think From now on, the going will be tougher. we mutt interpret these accident statistics in Each drop in the fatality rate makes a fur every way we can to bring out the human ther reduction that much more difficult. values involved. What we must have is a wider, more vigorous and continuous program, if we are to keep the fatality rate going down. At the progress conference in Washington this year, it was found that. the 13 states which in 1946 had done the most complete job of applying the-Action Program had a fatality rate si per cent lowo- than the 14 states which had applied only one fourth or less of the program. In the final analysis, highway safety is a community problem, rural This year, expectations are for a highway death toll of S&oori injuries to more than a million. They .stand for men, women and children. A million casualties in one year probably strikes personally--and hard--at family circles comprising bom five to six million Americans. Through vigorous, organized effort in rap port of the Action Program, we can reach the goal ahead. I believe we will succeed. Anri in or urban. The war on accidents must be doing it, we will be saving human life and fought on Main Street--in your town and preventing human suffering, the .kind of serv mine. ice to oar fellow man that makes every effort One important phase of that program-- worthwhile^ Alphabetical List of Exhibitors of Industrial and Public Safety Equipment Acme Protection Equipment Co., Chicago, EL Gas Masks. AH American Safety Equipment Co-, Chicago, EL Poorer and Kick Press Guards. American Abrasive Metals Co, Irvington, N. J. Safety Treads, Abrasive Paints. American Cord & Webbing Co, New York, N. Y. Acro-lyte Products, Befleetors and Fluorescent Webbing. Amezican-lAFrance-Poamltd Corp, Elmira, N. Y. Fire Protection Equipment. ^imiHmii Mat Carp, Toledo, O. Safety Mattinga. srmriMn Optical Co, Southbridge, Maas. Industrial 8afety Goggles, Bespiratory Devices and Protective Clothing. Ampco MetaL Inc, Milwaukee, Win. Beryllium-Copper Non-Sparking Safety Tools. Anmd Chemical Co, Marinette^ Wis. Fire Protection Equipment. Audio Development Co, Minneapolis, Minn. Hearing Testing Equipment. Batterson Distributing Co, Houston, Tex. Plastic Traffic Markers for Streets, Highways and Industry. Bausch A Lomb Optical Co, Bochester, N. Y. Safety Lenses and Goggles. Bear WMwfrfm<ng Co, Bock Tiand^ tti, Motor Yehiele Inspection and Correction Equipment; Static and Dynamic Balancing Machines. Behr-Maimfng Corp, Troy.N. Y. . Coated Abrasives. Benson and Associates, Inc, Chicago, EL General Safety Equipment. Bradley Waahfonntaln Co, Milwaukee, Wis. Group Washfountains and Multi-Stall Showers. John E Breck, Inc, Springfield, Mass. Protective Creams and Hand Cleaners. Stewart E Browne Mfg. Co, Inc, New York; N. Y. Flashlights and Extension Lights. Buckingham Mfg. Co, Inc, Binghampton, N. Y. Lineman's Accessories. Buffalo Tire Appliance Cup, Dayton, Ohio Fire Extinguishing Equipment B. H. Buhrke Co, Chicago, EL Safety Equipment and Allied Products for Construction and Maintenance Work. E. D. Bullard Co, San Francisco, CaL Everything in Safety. b Canfield Oil Co, Cleveland, Ohio Oil-Spnnj Absorbents. A. B. Chance Co, Centralia, Mo. Line Gonstrnction and Live Line Maintenance Equipment ~\ ) 34 35th National Safety Congress, 1947 P CheHo, 1Ac, New York, N. Y.. A Polaroid Color and Contrast Vectograph Displays, f ^ Chicago Bye Shield Co, Chicago, BL Head and Eye Protective Equipment, p: Colnmhia Fiat Alders, Chicago, HL ' : First Aid Supplies. ICkjlnmbns-McKlnnon Chain Ooxp, Tonawanda, N. Y. r,- Chain *d Chain Hoists. \ : O-O-Two Fire Equip. Co, Newark, N. J. * ,, . [.' Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers, Hose Units, Manual-Automatic Systems, Smoke Detecting Systems. M. B. Cunningham Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Marking Took. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Newark, N. 3. Beroiratory Protection; Combustible Gas Indicators; General Safety and First Aid Equipment. c xbi Divetaey Cotp, Chicago, X1L Oil and Grease Absorbents, Cleaning Compounds, Hand Cleaners. Dobbins Mfg, Go., Elkhart, Xnd. Portable Drinking Fountains and Accessories. Dockaon (tap* Detroit, Mich. Industrial Head and Eye Protection. 0. B. Dolge Co, Westport, Com. Fungicides, Protective Creams, Skin Cleaner, Catting Oil Germicides. Dunn Products, Chicago, BL Industrial Protective Clothing Made from Bubber, Asbestos Cloth and Leather. Duo-Safety Ladder Cup, Oshkosh, Wia. Safety and Fire Ladders, Ladder Shoes. E. L dn Tost do Nemours A Co, Die, Wilmington, DeL Hand Protective Creams, Industrial Hand Creams, Neoprene Products, Bayon Tarn. B. A. J. Manufacturing Co, Glendale, Calif. Besuscitator Inhalator and Aspirator Elliott Service Co, New York, N. Y. Foremanship Training Material, Bulletin Board Displays on Safety, Quality and Waste; Suggestion Systems. J. H. Emerson Co, Cambridge, Mass. Automatic Resuscitation and Bespiration Equipment Finnell System, Int, Elkhart, Ind. Floor-Care Machines and Floor Treatments. [3 Fyr-Fyter Co, Dayton, Ohio. Fire Extinguishing Equipment. General Detroit Corp,'Detroit, Midi. fire Extinguishers, Motor Fire Apparatus and Allied Products. Gxaubaxd's, Die, Newark, N. 3. Gro-Cord Bubber Co, Lima, Ohio. . Gro-Cord, Haw-Cord and Neo-Cord Soles, Heels and Tape. Haas Corporation, Mwiden, Mich. Optical Magnifiers.. Huley-Davldson Motor* Co, Milwaukee, Wia. HOd Floor Machine Co* Chicago, BL Electrically Operated Floor Scrubbing A Polishing Machines-- Portable Industrial Vacuum Machines. Hillyard Sales Companies, St Joseph, Mo. Floor Treatments, Building Maintenance, Sanitation Products, Equipment and materials. Holcomb Safety Garment Co, Chicago, EL Protective Clothing Made of Asbestos, Leather and Fire-Proofed Duck. Hospital Specialty Co, Cleveland, Ohio. Manufacturers and Distributors--GABD8, FEMS, TAMPAX--Sanitary Pads and Dispensers. HurttingtonLah Sanitary Snpi Macmnesj, I Hydro-Tex Coxj Industrial Ap Bunsen Wasted) Merenroehrom Indian Motorcy Industrial Glovt Protective Cli industrial Prodi Safety Equip! Industrial Safe! Insto-Gas Corp, Underwriters international B | Hy-Test Safe Inn Age Div,: 8afety Shoes: Jackson Prodtu Insulated El Junkla Safety Interlocking : Justrite Mannf Safety Cane, Karel First A* Industrial FI itw National I Safe Wiping Keystone view Industrial Vi Walter Kidds < fire Extingu Kimball Safety Protective 6 Welter G. Leg Non-Slip Flo Lehigh Safety Safety Shoec Lightfoot Seta Industrial Sc Maewfayte Con Wire Bope a Kagneetnm Co. Mageos Idgl General F ft ayer^ Insurance Bi InAmlm S8li Respirator f TboaMeAnS Safety Shoe) JuHan A. McE Warning am B. F. McDonal Mining and Medical Snppt First Aid K . Safety Exposition Exhibitors 35 Hrintinoton Laboratories. Tn- Hontiiurton. Ind. Sanitary Supplies, Liquid Soaps, Disinfectants, Floor Finishes and ; Machines, Insecticides. Hydro-Tax Corp, Chicago, HL Indnstrial Aprons. Hmson Waatcott A Droning, Inc* Baltimore, M4. Mercurochrome and Tbantis Lozenges. t^aih Motorcycle Co* Springfield, Mass. Indnstrial Gloves Co* Danville, DL Protective Clothing,' Gloves, Mittens, Headguards, Leggings, Flame-Proof Suits, mdnstrial Prodncta Co, Philadelphia, Pa. Safety Equipment for AH Industries. Indnstrial Safety Equipment Assn, New York, N. Y. Xnsto-Gas dorp* Detroit Midi. Underwriters Approved Torches and Furnaces. International Bnsfnaaa Machine Corp,, Chicago, EL International Shoe Co* High-Test Div., at. Louis, Mo. Hy-Teet Safety Shoes. Iron Ago Div* H. Ohilda A Co., Inc* Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Shoes; Jackson Prodncta, Warren, Mich. Insulated Electrode Holders, Cable Connectors, Face 8hields and Goggles. JmUn Safety Appliance Co* Inc* Louisville, Ky. Interlocking Barrier Gate and Swinging Die Closure Guards. Jnstrtte Manufacturing Co, Chicago, DL Safety Cana, Safety flashlights, Electric Lanterns. Hard First Aid Supply Co* Chicago, DL Industrial First-Aid Supplies and Equipment. Max National Service, New York, N. Y. KaSyasfteonWa iVpiinegw Materials. Co* MeedviUe, Pa. Industrial Visual Testing Equipment Walter Kidds A Co* be* Belleville, N. J. Fire Extinguishing Equipment Kimball Safety Prodncta Co* Cleveland, O. Protective Clothing, Gloves and Goggles. Walter 6. Lena Co, Inc* New York, N. Y. Non-Slip Floor Polishes and Treatments, Non-Sparking Floor Treatment Lehigh Safety Shoe Co, Lae* Allentown, Pa. Safety Shoes'and Bubber Boots. Xdghtfoot Schotts Co* New York, N. Y. Indnstrial Soaps--Powdered, Bar, Paste andHEjjand Lotion. Mscwhyte Company, Kenosha, Win. ^^ Wire Bope and Wire 81ings. / MagDeafnm Co. of America, Chicago, HL Mageoa Light Weight Magnesium1 Dockboards, Pallets, Barrel Skids, General Fabrication. Marsh A McLennan, Die, Chicago, DL Insurance Brokers and Agents. Electric Co* Lakewood, Ohio. Bespirator for Non-Toxic Dusts, Electrical Testing Instruments. Thom McAn Safety Shoe Co* New York, N. Y. Safety Shoes. JnHtn a, McDermott Cory, Corona, New York. Warning and Safety Lights for Municipal, Industrial and Utility Use. B. F. McDonald Co* Lot Angelos, CaL Mining and Indnstrial Safety Appliances. Medical Snpply Co, Chicago, DL Pint Aid Kite--All Purposes. Melflex Pzodnets Co, Akron, Ohio. Flooring Materials, Treads and Standing Mats. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co, Hew York, H. Y. Accident Prevention Educational Materials for Industry, Home and Traffic Safety. Milbum Company, Detroit, Mich. Protective Skin Creams and Plastic Coated Safety Clothing. XL X Idler, Equipment Co, Franklin, Pa. Linemen'b Equipment and Plastic Specialties. |L-" Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. ns Safely Equipment for Personal and Plant Protection. Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co., St. Paul Minn. \Fi " Reflective Sign Material and Non-Skid Floor Surfacing. r; ? Motorola, Inc, Chicago, HL National Assoc, of Insecticide and Disinfectant Mfrs, Inc, Hew York, H. Y. Household and Industrial Insecticides, Disinfectants and Allied Products, if.- national Safety Council, Inc, Chicago HL H's? Services and Material for Safety Education, national Society for the Prevention of Blindness, Hew York, N; Y. Conservation and Utilization of Eyesight in Industry. Occupational Hazards, Inc, Cleveland, Ohio Publishers. Oll-Dii Co. of America, Chicago, HL Oil and Grease Absorbent. Onox, Inc, San Francisco, CaL Athlete's Foot Preventive. G. H. Packwood Mfg. Co, St. Louis, Mo. Skin Cleansers, Soap Dispensers, Cleansing Cream. Patent Scaffolding Co, Chicago, HL Safety Ladders, Scaffolding and Work Stands. Peda Spray Co, Inc, Hew York, H.Y. Products for the Prevention of Athlete's Foot. Phlster Mfg. Co, Cincinnati, Ohio. Maintained Air Pressure Liquid lire Extinguishers. Positive Safety Manufacturing Co, Cleveland, Ohio Power Press Guards. __ Pressed Steel Car Co, .Die,' Chicago, HL Protectoseal Co, Chicago, HL Safety Devices for Hazardous Liquids. Pulmoseh Safety Equipment Corp, Brooklyn, H.Y. Industrial Safety Equipment. Pyrene Manufacturing Co, Hewaik, H. J. Fire Extinguishers, Compounds, and Systems of Various Types. ' Bandolph Laboratories, Inc, Chicago, HL lire Extinguishers---Carbon Dioxide. Bobbins Co, Attleboro, Mass. Safety Emblems and Awards. Bose Mfg. Co, Denver; Colo. Industrial Safety Equipment. Safely Clothing & Equipment Co, Cleveland, O. Industrial Safety Equipment. ' Safety Engineering, Hew York; H. Y. Publishers, Safety Engineering Magazine. Safety First Shoe Co, 'Holliston, Mass. Safety Shoes. Sager Glove Co, Chicago, HL Safety Apparel for Industrial Use. W. H. Salisbury Co, Chicago, HL Linemen's Rubber Protective Equipment--Rubber Gloves, Aprons, Boots and Clothing. A. Schrader's Son, Brooklyn, H. Y. Pneumatic Press Controls, Valves, Cylinders & Associated Products. Safety Exposition Exhibitors 37 Scott Aviation Corp, Lancaster, Iff. T. Safety- Equipment and Safety Breathing Equipment. The Scott Air-Pak. Scully Signal Co, Cambridge, Mass. FDl Signals and Petroleum Safety Equipment. Sellstrom Mfg. Co, Chicago, HL Faee and Eye Protective Equipment. Southern Aircraft Co, Garland, Tex. School Bus Bodies. Spencer Turbine Co, Hartford, Conn. Industrial Vacuum Cleaners and Bust Collecting Equipment. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Chicago, HL Personal Safety Protective Equipment. Steel Scaffolding Co, Lie, Brooklyn, Iff. T. "Trouble Saver'' Steel Scaffolding. Stepan Chemical Co, Chicago, HL Skin Cleanser. Stephenson Corp, Bed Bank, Iff. J. Resuscitation Equipment. Stonehouse Signs, Inc, Denver, Colo. Accident Prevention Signs. Sugar Beets Products Co, Saginaw, Mich Skin Cleanser and Cleaner. Surty Mfg. Co, Inc, Chicago, DL Safety Appliances for Machines and Underfoot Hazards. S. G. Taylor Chain Co, Hammond, Ind. Iron and Steel Welded Chain of all Descriptions. G. H. Tennant Co, Minneapolis, Minn. floor Cleaning Machines, Floor Seal and Floor Wax Titan Safety Shoe Co, Boston, Mass. "AUV*' Safety Shoes for Distribution Direct to Industrv. Traffic Control Corp, Chicago, HL Tdmont Mfg Co, Boxhuxy (Boston), Mam Forged 8teel Safety Tools. - Trinal, Incorporated, Chicago, HL Complete Foot Protection. United States Safety Service Co, Kansas City, Mo. Complete Line of Safety Equipment. Walsh Press & Die Co, Chicago, HL Safety Devices and Punch Presses, Watcbemoket Optical Co, Inc, Providence, B. L Industrial Safety Goggles. Waverly Petroleum Products Co, Philadelphia, Pa. Oil Absorption Material. Weaver Mfg. Co, Springfield, HL Automatic Brake Testers "Safety Lanes." Welsh Manufacturing Co, Providence, B. L Industrial Eye Protection Products. West Disinfecting Co, Long Island City, Iff. T. x--- Disinfectants, Deodorants--Products for the Promotion of Sanitation. JF. H. Wheeler Mfg, Co, Chicago, HL Industrial Clothing made from Asbestos, Duck, Leather, Twills and Wool. Wlesman Manufacturing Co, Dayton, Ohio Power Press Guards; Guide Pin Cover. Wilkins Company, Cortland, N. Y. K-LEN8-M Products--Dispenser Cabinets, Lens Cleaner and Tissues. Williams Jewelry A Mfg Co, Chicago, HL Safety Awards, Badges and Trophies. Willson Products, Inc, Beading Fa. Industrial Goggles, Gas Masks, Helmets and Respirators, and Allied Safety Devices. Wyandotte Chemical Corp, Wyandotte, Mich. Absorbents. Microfilmed < BY GREAT LAKES MICROFILM COMPANY r CHICAGO, ILLINOIS national Safety Council Nam of Company 425 No. Michigan Ave. Street Chicago, Illinois City , State DESCRIPTION of RECORDS INDEXING Chronological_Order FURTHER REPRODUCTION IS PROHIBITED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF COPYRIGHT HOLDER