Document oM74bv3gnD1LqmOqKV80VOp4D
AR&RE -- 0713
BIODEGRADATION (OECD 301E)
TEST SUBSTANCE
Identity: A mixture containing perfluorooctanesulfonate, which may also be
referred to as PFOS, FC-95, or as a component of FC-203. (1Octanesulfonic acid) (CAS # 2795-39-3).
Remarks: The 3M production lot numbers were Antwerp, Belgium 9/82 and US 3072. The test sample is FC-203 produced in Antwerp, Belgium. Current information indicates FC-203 is a mixture of 1.34% PFOS, 35%
diethylene glycol butyl ether, 37.85% water, 20% ethylene glycol, 2.66 %
Sultone foamer, 3% sodium octyl sulfate, 0.1% sodium lauryl sulfate, and 0.05% tolyltriazole.
The following summary applies to a mixture with incompletely characterized concentrationsof impurities. Data maynot accurately
reflect degradation potential of the fluorochemical component of the test sample.
METHOD
Method: Modified OECD Screening Test, OECD 301E, with DOC Analysis
Test type: Ready Biodegradability
GLP: No
Year Completed: 1983 Analytical monitoring: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC)
Statistical methods: Results were determined by calculationofthe % DOC
removal and graphic interpretation.
Test organism source: A 50:50 mix of soil extract and secondary effluent.
Fresh sandy loam agricultural soils from Ramsey and Washington Counties,
MN. Secondary effluent, supernatant of activated sludge mixed liquor
aeration basin, obtained from Metrow Wastewater Treatment Plant, St. Paul,
MN.
Test condition:
-
Dilution water: Deionized water
Mineral Nutrient Medium: OECD medium using yeast extract, OECD
medium using synthetic vitamin solution and OECD medium with
reduced nitrogen content but using yeast extract.
Reference and test solution preparation: Test and reference
solutions were prepared for eachofthe three mineral nutrient
mediums, except US 3072 only in OECD with yeast extract. Solutions
were split into aliquots and put into Eflenmeyer flasks. Test materials -- -
prepared to give final test concentration of 40 mg DOCI/L, reference
standards at 20 mg DOC/L and 15 mg DOC/L for sodium benzoate
and LAS respectively. Test vessels: One L Erlenmeyer flasks containing 500 mL test solution and capped with foam plugs.
v
000458
Incubation conditions: Continuous dark conditions
Temperature: 23.5 - 24C
Agitation: Continuous
Numberof concentrations: One plus references and blank, all in
Idunpolciucaltuemfcoronedaicthionuntroinenttemsetdiniiutimattiyopne:. Not taken. Element Basis: Decrease in dissolved organic carbon compared to blanks. Test substance flasks conditions: Not recorded.
RESULTS
Nominal concentrations: Test materials at ~40 mg DOCIL, sodium
benzoate at ~20 mg DOCIL, LAS at ~15 mg DOC/L and Blank controls.
Element values:
~
FC-203 Antwerp 9/82
28-Day Degradation = 94% mean DOC removal (yeast)
28-Day Degradation = 89% mean DOC removal (vitamin)
28-Day Degradation = 35% mean DOC removal (low nitrogen)
FC-203 US 3072 28-Day Degradation = 97% mean DOC removal (yeast)
Remarks: Testing was conducted on the mixture as described in the Test Substance Remarks field. The values reported applyto that mixture and not
the fluorochemical proportion alone.
CONCLUSIONS
--
fFrCo-m20335%Afnotrwtehrep 9l/o8w2,nimteroagnendesegrriaedsattioo9n4b%asfoerdtohne yDeOasCtrseermioevsa,lwirtahng8e9d%
mean DOC removal for the vitamin series after 28 days.
FC-203 US 3072, degradation based on DOC removal was 97% after 28
days.
-
Submitter: 3M Company, Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 33331, St.
Paul, Minnesota, 55133
batAQuALtY
0000
Reliability: Kiimisch ranking = 2. This study meets the criteria for quality
testing. However, the sample purities were not properly characterized and ~ -
tprhoepsotrutdioynliancktsheansaollyuttiiocna.l confirmationofthe amoo ffluu orocn hemit cal
000479
REFERENCES
The studies were 3M Lab Request
ncuomnbdeucrt9e6d11b,y
t1h9e833.M
Company,
Environmental
Laboratory,
OTHER
Last changed: 6/26/00
00480
ramererio
TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMARY
TO: TECHNICAL COMMUNICATIONS CENTER -- 201.2612
:
{important Ifreportsprintedon both sides ofpaper, send two copie to TCC.) Guideolnirnoveerssa side.
Modified OECD eening Test on FC=203, FC=203A, and FC-00
#003
secuiryy 0pm=Rasorts summary OoClClomdRupor-Opunsurmay|3SCR HEMI RbOI it Kosemwhaamoiscastmraree senerimanees:
Twoewonos ~~ [cTunoRentTeoswteeTtihveer repeatability of the modified OECD Screening
Test in measuring the biodegradability of Light Water
Otter Keopmors
products.
LL]
E[RmEPoORnT ARBAGS.TRACT Tos souac narmation s Gevio5ue1hd TechicalCommunicationsContr 1 Sr Ser 10
TthoisevasltuuadtyeagtaheinbiusoeddegrtahedabmioldiiftiyedofOEACnDtweSrcpreeLniignhgt WTaetsetr
wperroeducFtCs-.203,TheFC-p2r0o3ducNtFsP s(teuqduiievdaleinntthtiosFCs-e2t03oAf),.tesatnsd
tFCh-e6s0e0.prodAulcstos,tesFtCe-d203wasNFPU,.S.wasFC-a2l0s3o Liontclu30d7e2d. inOnteheof
ptreesvtiionguswesreet cofonstiessttsentdonweithinpr1e98v0i.ousThOeECDresSuclrtesenionfgthis
TiensdticastteuditehsatonallL-iogfht tWheatetrestperdodupcrtosd.uctsTheareresruelatdsily
biodegradable.
=
cc: DR..LR..BRoihcokne-r2-12-3ppW--1085-10 DLW. Kent-236-pA-04
iyTy
-- oo0as3:t
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MODIFIED OECD SCREENING TEST ON FC-203, FC-203A, AND FC-600
INTRODUCTION
LThiigshtsWtautdeyrwa(sL/Wu)ndeprrotdaukcetns,to PdCe-6m0o0nstarnadteFC-t2h0e3,bioudsienggradtahbei)lity of two tienstteirnngatwiaosnalrleyquersetceodgnzbiyed34MGodeirfmiaendy bOEeCcDausSecreoefniinngcoTnessitstenc!). y Tihnisthe results of past biodegradation tests done on these products.
MLoadbiofriaetdoryOECsDhowSecdreetnhiantg tThersetesLc/oWndpurcotdeudctsinwe1r9e80hbiyghltyhebi3odegErnavdiarbloen'm)e.psgl TFhCe-20p6r,oduacntdsFCt-e3s0t1e7d w(eFrCe-20F6C-2f0re3eAze(pprreovtieocutseldy).ideGnrteiafiteedr atshanFC-902%03ofNFPt)h,e dtihesso1l9v8e0dteosrtgianngi.c caSreebonTab(lDeOC)1 offorthaesseumm3arpyrodoufcttshewsaesrerseumlotvse.d during
Table 1
Results of 1980 Testing on Light Water Products
Product
7
pry % Degr2a1dation at27Day: 7s
FcC--220036 w,ep}
1233
8950
9934
9913
9932
Hcy-d3r01o7q2uinone
8397
9924
9%97
9946
9935
Footnotes:
51 FPCCc--220033A.NFP is nonfreeze protected FC-203 and is equivalent to
2 EFyCd-r30o1q7uiniosnefrweaesze tpherotreecfteerdencFeC-2p0r6o.duct.
pe
v.
These 1980 results contradict those of H. Hellmann apg,p. Muller() who
TuOseCd (atotsailmiloarrgantiecstcamrebtohno)d, tetshte TrOeCsulDtesg,rahdoawteivoenr,Tesatr'e')a.n exHceelpltmiaonnn'sfrom
annodrma6%llyToCobtraeimnoevdal refsourltEsC.-206Hisin ftihnedin2g1-odfay8%loTnOgCTOrCemoDveaglradfaotrioFnC-T30e1s7t
c(oBnODt)radriecstulthsisweorwen B50O8D5ya/nCdOD4d0%atao.f thHeisc5h-emdiacyalbioocxhyegmeincadlemaonxdyge(nCODd)emaonfd
dEeCg-r30a1d7atiaonnd FfoCr-20a6,5-rdaeyspeBcOtDivteelsyt.. TThhiesse isoppaossiitgenifriecsaunlttslewvietlhinofhis
own paper clearly are an inexplicable discrepancy.
HBOeDl,lm/anCnO'DsmeTaOsCurDeemgernatdsatmiaodneTebsytthreesu3lMtsEnavrieronamlesnotailncLoanbsiosrtaetnotrywiatndh by otytpihcalilnydepsehnodwenBOtD,labvoarlauteosrietso ornang3e4 AbFeFtFweepnrod6u0c%tsa.nd S90u%chofrestuheltsCOD.AFFoFrFexparmopdluec,tsamacnoulffaSccttuiroendofbysu3cMh idsatsahowonn i3nU.TSa.blemil2.itary specification
000482
"
2
OPEagCeD 2Screening
July 9, 1894
-
Table 2
BOD, Carbonaceous BOD, and COD Data on Mil-Spec AFFF Product
Lab
mBgO/D.R8) c-(Bm0gD/.k8) (mgc/okpg) BO_cDoB c-BcooDp,2
PC-C2Lo0t 5301
EY
580,000 600,000 774300,,000000 79
.81
Pace
800,000% 730,000* 810,000
serco
440,000 440,000 773370,,000000 -60
.60
Gcaaplsburlaeith
651760,,000000 667210,,000000 - 797560,,405000 `769
``8665
Galibnroaciutlhum #1
670,000 641,000 776,4-50 .86
.82
inoculum #2
A S. Dv . erag57e855,,000000 59904,,000000 78820,,000000 a723
a725
* Calculated BOD's from different dilutions were very inconsistent.
am SPaecreco GCaaplsburlaeith Galibnroaciutlhum #1
inoculum #2
PC-2Lo0t6502
290,000 290,000 338600,,000000 0.78
0.78
325400,,000000 326700,,000000 347500,,000000 00..7685
00..7802
.
421660,,500000 431210,,000000 440170,,205000 01..6032 +301..7081 ;
395,500 374,000 407,250 97
92 Sd
sA.verD.age
32573,,000000 33"85,70,00000 3"339 ,000 6., "816100a 80 3 .
FC-7808 Lot 501
3m PSaecreco Capsule
240,000 230,000 333200,,000000 74
7
225100,,000000 222500,,000000 325807,,000000 773
771
240,000 230,000 360,000 67
64
As.verbpa. ge
21375,,000000 23"123,,000000 3"2298,,000000 0731
"7015
000483
OECD Screening
JPuagley 39, 1984
-
METHODS AND MATERIALS 1. Procedure
Tteessttiinngg wofascpheermfiocramlesdadinoptaecdcorMdaaync1e2, wi1t9h81t.he OECD Guidelines for 2. Chemicals
T(hCe,HrNeafOe,r)encFe.W.mat=er1i4a4l.s11usaendd wleirneearlabaolrkaytlobreynzegnreadesuslofodniautmebe(nLzAoS)a.te, hU.dS.EAnSvirdoonlmuetnitoanlusPerdotweacstioan5A.g68e%ncyactaisvea sreofleurteinocnesmuaptpelriieadlbyforthe wbeiroedegUr.Sa.datFiCo-n203tesLtoitng3.072ThperovLiidgehdt Wiante1r983(L/bWy) thteestCommamteericailasl used CAnhtewmeircpalsinD9iv/i8s2ioann,d FFCC--220033 aNnFdP pFrCo-v6i00dedsabmypleEs.T.pSr.oLv.ideidn b1y980E..T.S.L. A(nntownefrrpeezperovpirdoetdectneod)lotisneuqmubeirvsalewnitthtotheFiCr-20s3aAm.ples. FC-203 NFP PthreiorOECtoD ntuetstriinegn,t tshoelutLi/oWnanadndrebfreoruegnhctetmoattehreiaflosllwoewriengdiisnsiotliavled in nDgO/C1,conacnedntLr/aWtipornosd:uctssodaipupmroxbiemnaztoealtye 4200 mmgg//ll., LATSheapLp/rWoxTiOCmatwaesly 15 ehxipgehreirentcheanhatshatshuoswend thiantprLe/vWioauts40temsgt/ilng is(20nomtg/t1o)xicb.ecauAslesoouhrigher concentrations improve the accuracy of the TOC analysis. Fsoorurctehsisalsltuodwye,d nbuytrtiheentOECsoDluStciroenesninwgereTesptr,epayreeadstuseixntgracbtothandvitamin. vsiytnatmheitnicsovuirtceamianffescotleudtiotnh.e eTxhtiesntwoasf dLo/nWedetgoraddeatteiromni.ne if the INOCULUM Tphreepairneodculiunmawcacsordaan5c0e/50wimtihxtOuErCeD opfrocseodiulreesx.tracTtheansdoils,ecownhdiacrhyweasffluent efxrtormacRtaemds,eywaasndaWmaisxhtiunrgetonofCofurensthi,essainndyMinlnoeasmotgaa.rdenThesoislesconodbtaariyned ~ esfafmlpuleenttaskeanmplferomwasanthaeerastuipoenrnabtaasnitn oaft atnheacStt.ivaPtaueld MselturdogeWmaisxteedwatleirquor TfrielattemrenptapePrlanptr,iorThteo cuosmagbei.ned inoculum was passed through Whatman 54 INSTRUMENT
Tlhiemitorgiasniacpprcoaxribomnatealnyaly2zemrg oufsedcarwbasonapeDrorhlmiatenr.DC-52A. Its sensitivity
0C0484
or OPaEgCeD S4creening July 9, 1984
5 -
SAMPLE HANDLING AND STORAGE
mTahneufsaacmtpulreerpreofsertvhaetioorngamniecthocdarbuosnedawnaaslztyheart. prescTrhiebemdethboydthienvolves abdrdiinnggs 1thedrospampoflescontcoenlterssatetdhanHCLpHpe2.r 1T0hemlsoafmplfeisltewreerde ssatmoprleed. unTdheirs risefrthiagteratthiiosnstionravgiealsmetwhiotdh acalnumiprneusmerfvoeil L/lWinecdontcaapisn.ingOusrampelxepserifeonrce fservoemratlhismonstthusdywiwtehreoutdonaeffewcittihnign tonhee wDeOCe.k ofAllitsDOCcomapnlaeltyisoens. on samples
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Tsaobdlieum3besnuzmomaatrei,zesthetherefreerseunlctes ocfomptohuinsd,stuwdays.neaTrhliys ctoamblpeletsehloywsdetghraatded g(r9e58a)terwitthhiann 870%dayTsO.C reEmvoevraylrweiptlhiicnatetheof2a8l-ldayoftethset Lpe/rWiopdr.oducStesvenshoowfed tthheante9n0%tTesOtC frleamsokvsal.contTahienianvgeratghee vDaOrCioruesmovLa/lW pforrodualcltsfsouhroweLd/Wgrperaotdeucrt was greater than 90%.
TThheeseresruelstusltsof artehisavetreasgteidn,g
are and
bsheocwanusegraofphitchaisl,lydoinnoFtigusrheosw
t1 haendact2u. al
pexaatmtpelren ogfradpehgroafda2ticounltuirnesthedegirnaddiivnigduatlhecuslatmuerpsr.oducFti,gurFeC-2303isNFaPn. It
rsahpoiwds, tbhuatt otnhcaet dtehegraldaagtipornioroftothitsheproondsuecttofbedgaengratdhaattioint wwaass vvaerriyable.
Tkhneownreansoornwafsor itthiesxpevcatreida.biliIttymabyetwheaevne bteheendudpuleictaotetheculftaucrtesthawtasthneot
cdeuglrtaudriensgretcheeivmeadjordifcfoemrpeonntentlseveofls tohfe vLiiagbhlteWmaitecrroporrgoadnuicstmss.cTahpuasb,letohfe v
cpuolptuulraetsionprioofrbatcotetrheiaonwsietth otfhesreapicdapa(beixlpiotnienetsiahla)d dteogrbaudialtdiounp. in the.
RteesvtiienwgofofthtehedaottaherinLT/aWblperod3ucitnsdiaclastoesvatrhiaetdrcesounlstisderofablryeplaticadtaeys 7,
1l4e,ngtahnd of21.the Aglaaign,phatsheis pvriaorriattioontheapponesaerts
otfo
bbieoddueegrapdraitmiaorni.ly
to the However,
dhuoew tloongthebiosdmealglradnautmiboenr ooff sianmdpilveisduatlakeLn/,W ocnoentafirneiqnugenctulyltucroeulsd tonookt tell
following the initial lag.
000485
Ch
!
OPEaCgeD S5 creening
July 9, 1984
-
Table3
Biodegradation of LIGHT WATER Products and Refernce Materials
Product/vitanin Source
SSooddiiuumm BBeennzzooaattee//Yveeaasstt--g1,(,1) SSooddiiuumm BBeennzzooaattee//VViitt..--12
Mean FrcC--220033(/3Y)ea/svte-a2st-1 FFCC--220033//VViitt..--12
Mean UU..SS.. FFCC--220033//YYeeaasstt--12
Hean rFcC--220033a/(Y5e)a/svte-a2st-1
Mean FFCC--660000//Yveeaasstt--21
Mean LALSA/S/YYeeaasstt--21
Mean
I
Tm3 DOCIRemovalaAfter2X Daysom
9995..68
9834.46
95
219105.73209051 ----(4) 2287..40 os1ol.0 9925..31 22940.48 3828..66 --- 2907..27 9805..56 9853..26
92
2664..93 2950..18 =--
9709..72 9956..50 9967..55 97
1123.162 88.95.1 = 67.76 7150.055 ==
1851..10 9862.54 8976..20 92
(768.3) 8879..30 8984..82 91
252.9,8 87..88
2205..41 -3-0,8 4209..7F 35320.41 a3
Footnotes: ((33)) UUsseedd OyeEaCsDtseyxnttrheatcitcasvitvaimtianminsolsouutricoen. as vitamin source.
(3) (5)
1Fr7o-mdayAntswaemrpples19w82e.re
only
taken
for
LAS.
=
(8) sFarmompleAntcwoenrtpami1n9a8t0e.d, Orniotginuaseldl.y labelled FC-203 NFP.
000486
READY BIODEGRADABILITY: Modified Screening Test
-
OECD 301E -- Adopted 12 May 81
Environmental Lab Request No. 9611
2S | T | = he 0.
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READY BIODEGRADABILITY: Modified Screening Test OECD 301E --Adopted 12 May 81
Environ, mental Lab: Request No; . 9611
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READY BIODEGRADABILITY: Modified Screening Test
Co
OECD 301E -- Adopted 12 May 81
Envp ironmentalr LabRequest No. 9611
903
5"
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'STANDARD' NUTRIENT SOLUTION F--
CONTAINING YEASTEXTRACT.
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READY BIODEGRADABILITY: Modified Screening Test
:
OECD 301E -- Adopted 12 May 81
Environmental Lab Request No. 9611
1003- THIS SERIES WAS RUN USING
T
| C"OSNTTAANIDNAIRNDG NYEUATSRTIENEXTTRSAOCLTU.TION
ii
THE LAS REFERENCE WAS DILUTED
i
WITH FRESH NUTRIENT SOLUTION
T| T); 2 3 ON TEST AY 28 Ha S-ita gre. hi
cl / | sol |||
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a 33
DAYS
. f OPaEgCeD S9creening
July 9, 1984
in .
The modified substances.
LOE/CWDprSocdruecetnsi,ngonTestthe isothienrtenhdaendd, foarreusaequeoonussinsgolleutcihoenmsical
ctohanntai7n0i%nglosasmiofxtuDrOeC wofithcihnemi2c8aldsa.ys, Puarree crheegmaircdaelds,bywhtihcehOEhCavDe greater
grueiadcehledinewsithaisnbe10ingdayrseadofilythebioDdOCegrraedmaobvlael. EirAsltso,excteheidsinrgesu1l0t8. hasOnltyo be
one of second
OtEheCDrerpelqiuciarteemsentofofeac7h0%ofdegtrheadaftoiuornLw/iWthpirnodu1c0tsdaytsestofed fmiertst this
rreeaaclhiisntgica1l0%lydeagprpaldiactaibolne. toThLi/sW orrequoitrheemrenfto,rmuhloawetveedr,proisducntost
d(imfifxetruirensg).susc~Tehpeticbhielmiitciaelss wtiothbiinodmegirxatduarteisonw.ill Rfeardeiqluyentdleygrahdaaveble
cwhheimliecatlhecoonmspeotnenotfsdoefgrasducahtiopnrodoufctosthmeraychsetmairctaltso diengrtahdeese ipmrmoedduicatteslym,ay
rbeeadseolnaaybelde. forThumsi,xtduriessregofardcihnegmictahliss, stehceondrecsruilttesrisah,owwhtihcaht tishenmoitxture
obfiodcehgermaidcaabllec.omponents in each of these products is readily
CaulstluirgehstlytesltoewderwiltehveltheofsyDnOtCherteimcovevditatmhiann scoulltuutrieosn ushsoiwnegd,yeaonstaveexrtargaec,t
ayseasttheevxittraamcitn sisnocurecet.he
FsuytnutrheetiOcECDvitsacmrienenisnogluttieosnts isshmoourlde
thus use difficult
to
prepare and does not give improved degradation.
dLeASt,ergwehnitcsh, idsida nroetaddileygrabdieodefgurlaldyabulnederandthecsoemmotnelsyt ucsoendditsiuornfsa.ctanTthisin oocfcuDrOrCedcomipnarsepditetoofthethe40 fmagc/tl thOaft DOiCtsusceodncefnotrratthieonLiwgahst Woantlyer15 mg/l ptroodbuecttsh.at TLhAegcirnehasiobnitefdormitchreobsilaolw dreagteradofatiLoAnS batiodtehegratdeasttio7n appears ctoenstcenpterraitodi,onthe . re"mTaoincihnegck LAtShisconhtyapiotnhiensgist,estatcutlhetureensd owferethespl2i8t-daaynd hmaeldfia.wereAtditlhuitsedpoitnot,twitchee trhaetierofvolduemgeradwaitthionfreisnhthienodciulluatteedd ncuutlrtiuernets tiinmcereaosfeddilsuutbsitoanntwiaasllrye.moveSdevewnittyhinper1c5endtayso.f thReesuDlOtCsroefmaitnhiinsgwoartktohne LsAiSmilaarerlyshorwenpogrtreadphiacallolwyleivnelFiogfurebio4.degrAandoatthieornroefseaLrAcSheirn, thheasmodifi-ed OsEulCfDonsactree)enihnagd taeshta.lf lD.ifeLiouffo39unddaytsh.af.Marlon A (dodecylbenzene
CONCLUSIONS
TTehsetspreosnenLtighsttuWdaiteesrreppreoadtuectds tdhoenefibnydintghse o3fM pErnevviiroounsmeOntEaClD LSacbroereantionrgy. Bboitohdegsreatdsabolfe.t"estsInsahlolwedcastehsa,t Lt/heW apvreordaugcetsDaOrCe r"emroevaadlilyfor L/W pro-ducts dwaesgragdraebatleer thtahnan th9e0%vearfytercom28modnalyys.usedL/Wandpro"druecatdsilywerbeiomduecghradmaobrlee" surfactant, LAS.
000491
[ I.
b- = oPaogne g10ureentng
July 9, 1984
12 -
REFERENCES
1) oFrorganTiezsatitnigonofforCheEmciocnaolmsi,c CSoeocpteiroanti3o01n aE,ndReDaedvyeloBpimoednetg,radGaubiidleiltiynses Modified OECD Screening Test, May 12, 1981.
(2)
&6./80A,. R3eMinTeerc,hniBciaoldegRreapdoarttioNno.of40,"LDIeGpHtT. WA0T5E35R," 6/30/80.
PPrroodjuecctts 99i7n00O1E2C6D00T,est
(3) pErx.tinu.guiHsehlilnmgannFoaamndCoD.mpMouulnldesr,(U"nwEenlvtigreofnamherndtuanlg Idmupraccth of Fire WIFeosunterGsleorstmcahni-gethauunmtitoetefil.H)ydroTS lheogy t (Buwnu daessaCnd asrtraily etd fouurt by the gewasserkunde), April 18, 1979.
4) bTA.ebsbtamuutlOelrsegtrani~acndeMinaT.teVrTeiiratfltasihzreefrno,r zCu"orThmepPlrueTftOueCngDBeigvoordnaedgaOrtraigdaoanntbiioTsnecsht(eDn-erASTuObPCsrto=acnezsesnto `sBuf uVonlTsdtanedifsgoenraGbeTnwoalsossgeTrstkeuhnaoinsl,AbKbtoabul-eFnz, De7v.elFo.pedWaseart-utnhde ot Abwasser-Forschung (1979).
5) bohrman DC-52A Operating Manual, 4th Ed., 1978.
(6) M,arcpbe.lSwDieskhkeerr,, SIunrc.f,act1a9n70t: Biodegradation, pages 16-17 and 147,
(7) bB.lodLeiut,risotruadtyioonn B5,iodEedgirtaeddatbiyonT. ofA.,AOnxillienyeanadndS.MarBlaornryA,, 1983.
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