Document oLQyR8g0e7Or1e1V9GaR6G4D

n i T S UHUSD STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHS DISTRICT OF WEST TIRCHIA CHARLESTONt WEST VIRGINIA JAMS8 M. ADKINS, A d a in ie t r a t c r ) o f th e R otato o f Ralph K. A d itin e,) Deceased, a t a l, ) ) P la in tiffs, ) ) ) Ho. 81-2098 MONSANTO COMPANY, a Da la v a r a C orporation ) ) ) ) Dafo n d a n t. ) Depoi t ic o o f GERE L. JSS2E ta kan cn b e h a lf o f the P la in tiffs. *. < i R e p o r tsr : M. J o y S p r in g e r J ames M ay R e p o r t i n g S ervi ce CERTIFIED SHORTHAND REPORTERS B R 2 - B O X 65 ED W A R D S V ILLE. IL L IN O IS 62025 i 1 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA 2 CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA 3 4 JAMES M. ADKINS, A d m in is tr a to r ) o f the E sta te o f Ralph E. A d k in s, ) 5 Deceased, e t a l, ) ) 6 P la in tiffs, ) 7 vs. ) 8 MONSANTO COMPANY, a D elaw are ) ) C orporation, ) 9) D efen d an t. ) 10 ) No.81-2098 11 APPEARANCES : 12 M e ssr s. C a lw e ll, McCormick & 13 P e y to n , by W. S tu a r t C a lw e ll, J r .,E s q . For P la in t if f s , 14 M essrs. B ow les, McDavid, G raff & 15 L o v e , by P. M ichael P lesk a , Esq. 16 and Deborah A. Sink 17 and John Woods, E sq. 18 For D efendant. 19 20 IT IS STIPULATED AND AGREED by and betw een 21 c o u n s e l f o r th e p l a i n t i f f s and c o u n s e l f o r th e d e fe n d a n t 22 t h a t th e d e p o s it io n o f GENE L. JESS EE may be taken pur 23 su a n t to Rule 2 6 (a ) o f the F ed er a l R ules o f C iv il Pro 24 c e d u r e , on J u ly 1 1 , 1 9 8 3 , a t th e R a d isso n H o t e l, Room 25 215, 9th S tr e e t and C onvention P la z a , S t . L o u is, M isso u r i, J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E 1 b e fo r e M. JOY SPRINGER, a N o ta ry P u b lic w ith in and f o r -V 2 the County o f M adison, S ta te o f I l l i n o i s ; th at the 3 * issu a n c e o f n o tic e and dedlmus is w aived , and th a t t h is 4 d e p o s it io n may be taken w ith th e same f o r c e and e f f e c t 5 as i f a l l F ed eral r u le s and s ta tu to r y requirem ents had 6 been com plied w ith . 7 IT IS FURTHER STIPULATED AND AGREED t h a t an y 8 and a l l o b je c tio n s to a l l or any part o f th is d e p o s itio n , 9 e x ce p t o b je c tio n s as to form o f the q ieg tio n s a sk ed or 10 an sw ers g iv e n , a r e h ereb y r e s e r v e d and may be r a is e d 11 on th e t r i a l o f t h i s c a u s e ; and t h a t th e s ig n a t u r e o f 12 th e d ep o n en t i s n o t w a i v e d . 13 14 15 16 GENE L. JESSEE 17 p ro d u ced , sworn and exam ined on b e h a lf o f th e p l a i n t i f f s , 18 d e p o s e s and s a y s a s f o llo w s : 19 EXAMINATION 20 BY MR. CALWELL: 21 (Whereupon th e r e p o r t e r narked P la in 22 t i f f s ' D e p o sitio n E x h ib it #304 (Monsanto 23 #232571 through 232574) c o n s is t in g o f 4 24 pages; and E x h ib it #305 (Monsanto #233618 25 and #233619) c o n sistin g o f 2 pages, fo r the J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E V V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 purposes of id e n tific a tio n ,) Q (By Mr. C alve 11) Would you s t a t e your name 9pl e a s t . A Gene Lee J e s s e e . Q And y o u 'r e em ployed by the M onsanto Company? A Yes. Q Here in S t . L ouis? A Yes. Q What i s your a d d r e ss? A The M onsanto a d d r e ss? Q No. Your r e s id e n c e a d d r e ss. A 447 Magna C a r ta , i t ' s two w ord s, S t . L ouis, M issouri, 63140. Company? Q What i s your p o s i t i o n w ith M onsanto A I'm D ir e c to r o f R egu latory Management on the C orp orate E n v iro n m en ta l P o li c y S t a f f . Q And what i s your e d u c a tio n ? A I have a Bachelor of S cien ce Degree in Chemical E n gin eerin g. Q What s c h o o l d id you go to? A U n iv ersity o f Houston. Q Did you do any p o st-g ra d u a te work? A Yes. JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 1 I H H IH U ' ; ^E- " ^7 1 q Did you g e t a Degree? * / t r 2 A No. 3 Q What d id you do in p o s t-g r a d u a te work? 4 A Chemical E n gin eerin g. 5 Q I s th a t th e same p la c e ? 6 A No. W ashington U n iv e r sity , S t. L ou is. 7 Q When d id you s t a r t t o work fo r M onsanto? 8 A October, 1953. 9 Q Wps t h a t s h o r t l y a f t e r you g ra d u a ted 10 from c o lle g a ? 11 A No. T h a t' s a f t e r I g o t ou t o f s e r v i c e . 12 Q Did you work f o r a n y o th e r c h e m ic a l 13 company b e s id e s M onsanto? 14 A No. 15 Q And where d id you go to work f o r M onsanto? 16 A A t what was then M onsanto, I l l i n o i s . 17 Q S au get? 18 A Yeah, S a u g e t. 19 Q Did you go to work a s a c h e m ic a l e n g in e e r ? 20 A Y e s . 21 Q When you w ere a t M onsanto, I l l i n o i s , 22 now S a u g e t P la n t , d id you work w ith a n y h e r b ic id a s ? 23 A Y es. 24 Q Via8 th a t in '53? 25 A No, i t w a s n 't in '5 3 . O ff and on betw een J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E 1 '53 and 61. 2 Q What h e r b ic id e s d id you work w ith ? 3 A 2,4-D . 4 Q What w ere you d o in g w ith 2 ,4 -D ? 5 A The f i r s t t h in g I d id was I se r v e d a s 6 a r e l i e f foreman in the P roduction Department fo r a 7 summer. The seco n d tim e around I was A s s i s t a n t E n g in e e r 8 ing Su perin ten dent in the T ech n ical S ervice Departm ent, 9 and the p rocess improvement work in th a t area came . 10 under my grou p . 11 Q P r o c e ss im provem ent, th a t was T e h n ic a l 12 S e r v ic e s t h a t to o k c a r e o f t h a t s o r t o f th in g ? 13 A Y e s . 14 Q Did you do any work w ith 2 ,4 ,5 -T ? 15 A No. 16 Q I s t h a t m a n u fa ctu rin g f a c i l i t y known 17 a s S au get? 18 A N o. I t ' s th e W. G. Krummrich P la n t . 19 Q How lo n g w ere you a t the Krummrich P la n t? 20 From O ctober o f '53 u n t i l O ctober o f *60. 21 Q Now, d u rin g t h a t tim e p e r io d d id you 22 do any work a t the Krummrich P la n t t h a t was r e la t e d to 23 th e N it r o , West V ir g in ia , m an u factu rin g f a c i l i t y in 24 co n n ectio n w ith any h e r b ic id e s? 25 A N ot to my k n o w led g e, n o . J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E 1 Q Do you know i f some work was done a t 2 the Krumartch P lan t in co n n ectio n w ith the m anufacture 3 o f h e r b ic id e s , p a r tic u la r ly , 2 ,4 ,5 -T th a t was being 4 produced a t the N itro f a c ilit y ? 5 A No. 6 Q A f t e r you l e f t th e Krummrich P la n t in 7 1960, right? 8 A Yes. 9 Q Where d id you go? .. 10 A I waj r e a s s ig n e d to the C h o co la te Bayou 11 P la n t in A l v i n , T e x a s. 12 Q What w ere you d o in g th e re ? 13 A I w ent th e r e a s a s t a r t u p s u p e r v is o r 14 fo r a new u n it th a t was b ein g b u i l t th e r e . 15 Q Is th a t in th e h e r b ic id e , p e s t i c i d e ? 16 A No, i t w asn ' t . 17 Q Do an y work w it h p h o sp h a te s? 18 A N ot t h e r e . 19 Q Did you a t th e Krummrich P lan t? 20 A No, I d o n 't r e c a ll th a t. 21 q A t the Krummrich d id you work w it h t r i 22 c h lo ro p h en o l? 23 24 y e s. A Y e s. There was some a s s o c i a t i o n th e r e , 25 Q Was t h a t c o n n e c te d w it h th e N it r o P la n t? J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E 1 ':'S * I 2 A N ot to my k n ow led ge. Q What kind o f work w ere you d o in g w it h 3 V tr ic h lo r o p h e n o l a t the Krummrich P lan t? 4 A That was p a r t o f th a t same p r o c ess 5 improvement type th in g , the ch lo ro p h en o l u n it. 6 Q In c o n n e c tio n w ith th a t p ro cess im 7 provement u n d ertak in g, did you a ls o work w ith o rth o ch lo ro 8 phenol? 9 A I d o n 't remember. ;; 10 Q Pentachlorophenol? ^ 11 A Y e s . 12 Q I s o r th o c h lo r o p h e n o l cru de a p r e - s t e p 13 or an in te r m e d ia te to th e d ev elo p m en t o f p e n ta c h lo r o p h e n o l? 14 A I d o n ' t remember. I t ' s been so lo n g a g o . 15 Q You s a id you worked w ith t r ic h lo r o p h e n o l, 16 i s t h a t r ig h t ? Was the t r ic h lo r o p h e n o l p r o c e s s you w ere 17 g o in g to improve co n n ected w ith th e 2 ,4 ,5 - T p r o c e s s , as 18 fa r a s you know? 19 A I d o n 't knew. I d o n 't remember. 20 Q How a b o u t was i t c o n n e c te d w ith th e 21 2 ,4 - D p r o c e s s ? 22 A I d o n ' t r e c a l l , b eca u se we were d e a lin g 23 w ith a b u ild in g th a t had a number o f d i f f e r e n t u n it s in i t . 24 Some th in g s were done in some p l a c e s , some in o t h e r s . 25 I d o n ' t remember j u s t how th e y a l l f i t t o g e t h e r . J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E 7 -- > - - -- V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 11 --1 1 Q Was th e p e n ta c h lo r o p h e n o l im provem ent w ork c o n n e c te d w it h - - w hat was i t -- Santophen R? A There were a s e r ie s o f trad e names o f S a n to p h e n s, some o f w h ich had p e n ta c h lo r o in i t . CJ Now, what a b o u t t h e s e c h lo r o p h e n o l p r o c e sse s you were tr y in g to im prove, what was the problem? A I th in k th e t h in g s we w ere w ork in g w it h was to tr y to improve th e b r iq u e ttin g o f some o f the m aterials. ' *'<. Q The b r iq u e t t in g ? '' - A Y es. Q What i s th a t? A I t ' s takin g a sem i-d ried m aterial and making a p i l l o u t o f i t , p r e s s in g i t i n t o a p i l l . We had some g r a n u la r m a t e r ia l t h a t we w ere t r y in g to im prove the p e lle t siz e or th e -p a r tic le s iz e , u n iform ity, pro- d u c t i v i t y , s to p th e equipm ent from p lu g g in g up and ch a t k in d o f s t u f f . T h at' s the l a s t th in g I remember on i t . Q And how lo n g d id you work in t h a t u n d e r ta k in g , tr y in g to im prove or work on the c h lo r o - phenol processes? A Oh, I g u e s s , p r o b a b ly no more than s i x m onths, maybe. Q And you know w hat yea r t h a t w ould have been in? JAM ES MAY REPORTING SERVICE - l 1 A I th in k i t was in T6 0 . 2 Q Was th a t a l l th e lo n g e r t h i s jo b was 3 r e la t e d t o th e c h lo r o p h e n o ls, or was th a t j u s t your 4 a sso c ia tio n w ith it? 5 A T h a t^ j u s t mine, 6 Q You d o n ?t know how lo n g i t had b een 7 goin g on b efore? 8 A No. 9 Q A fter you l e f t the ch lo ro p h en o l;p r o je c t, V- 10 where d id you go? -K'* ' 11 A W e ll, I was j u s t moved i n t o the. T ech-.*-. i -* 12 n i c a l S e r v ic e s D epartm ent in a n o th e r a r e a w h er ein X had 13 o th e r p r o c e s s e s in my e n g in e e r in g group. 14 Q Did th o se p r o c e s s e s in v o lv e c h lo ro p h e n o ls? 15 A Y eah, t h a t ! s where I g o t ' i n t o t h a t 16 b u s i n e s s , p ic k e d up th e p r o c e s s e s f o r th e 2 ,4 - D . 17 Q I u n d ersta n d t h a t . A l l r i g h t . That 18 was a f t e r you s p e n t th e dLx months w ork in g on t r i c h l o r o - 19 p h en o l, p e a ta ch lo ro p h e n o l an d , p erh a p s, o r th o ch lo ro p h e n o l 20 cru d e, th a t six-m onth period? 21 A R ig h t. 22 Q Then a f t e r th a t you w ent to work in 23 a n o th er p art o f th e o p e r a tio n th ere? 24 A I g o t promoted to A s s is t a n t E n g in eerin g 25 S u p e r in te n d e n t JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE W T$ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Q O.K. And th en d id you c o n tin u e your work w ith the chlorophanols a fte r that? A to the 2,4-D . Yes, in terms o f th e ir being r e la te d Q O.K A The d ic h lo r o came over f o r - - Q D ichloro, right? A R ight. Q So th e re were two d i s t i n c t in q u ir ie s b e in g made? One s e c t i o n o f th e o p e r a tio n was co n cern ed w ith the trich lo ro p h en o ls and, perhaps, the p en tach loro- p h e n o ls, and you moved to a n o th e r a r ea th a t was i s o l a t i n g the d ich lo ro p h en o is in the 2 ,4 ,5 -T process? A As a raw m a te r ia l fo r t h a t , r i g h t . Q Did you have any r e s p o n s i b i l i t y fo r the c h lo r o p h e n o ls a t the Krummrich P la n t betw een 1950 and 1960, any o f them, tr ic h lo r o p h e n o l, p e n ta -, d i-? A J u st th a t p rocess improvement work. Q That was the f i r s t tim e? A Yes. Q A ll r ig h t. P rior to th a t what were you w orking on a t th e Krummrich P la n t? A I sp e n t most o f my tim e th e r e w orking on the p h en o l p r o c e s s , both in E n g in e e r in g and P r o d u c tio n . Q A ll r ig h t. Phenol process connected JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 1 1 q D oesn't rin g a b ell? 2 'A No. 3 Q Did you e v e r hear o f a problem w ith 4 c h lo r a c n e th a t m ight be co n n ected w ith c h lo r o -d ib e n z o - 5 d io x in s or 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-TCDD? 6 A No. 7 Q Never have or ju s t recen tly? 8 A I say p r io r to w hatever you s a id . 9 Q P rio r to two to th ree years ago? .. 10 A I heard a b o u t i t r e c e n t l y . 11 Q You n e v e r heard a b o u t a n y problem o f 12 c h lo r a c n e a t the Krummrich P la n t w it h o r th o c h lo r o p h e a o l 13 crude or p e n ta c h lo r o p h e n o l? 14 A No. 15 Q O.K. In a b o u t e a r l y 1961 you s h i f t e d l t o a n o th e r a rea o f the Krumnrich o p e r a tio n and co n c en 17 t r a t e d on 2 ,4 - D . How lo n g d id t h a t jo b l a s t ? 18 A That d t d r 1 : l a s t but a b o u t s i x months 19 b e fo re I l e f t and was tr a n s fe r r e d to T exas. 20 Q And how lo n g w ere you in T exas? 21 A About tw o, two and a h a l f y e a r s . 22 Q Where d id you go then? 23 A To L u l l i n g , L o u is ia n a . 24 q What d id you work on th e r e ? 25 A A d ip ic a c id . I t ' s a p r e s e r v a tiv e t h a t 's JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE igp Qnp \ \ i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 used in J e llo and pickles and o liv e s. I t ' s a ls o used to make some resins m aterials. Q How l o n g were you t h e r e ? A About two, two and a h a l f y e a rs. Q Is t h a t a l l you worked on, a d i p i c a c id ? A No. Q You work w i t h a n y p h e n o l s o r a n y t h i n g there a t Lulling? A Yes. q ''ere you c h l o r i n a t i n g a n y p h e n o l s , anything like that? A No. W Any a g r i c u l t u r a l p ro d u cts th e re ? A Yes. one. Q What was that? A Rice herbicide. Q W'ha t wa s t h a t ca 11 ed ? A I t was c a l l e d M achete. Q Where d i d you go n e x t? A I came b a c k t o S t . L o u is a n d w e n t t o t h e p l a n t down on S o u t h Se cond S t r e e t . tendent. Q A What d i d you qo t h e r e ? I was G e n era l M a n u fa c tu rin g S u p e r in - Q Work on a n y h e r b i c i d e s ? J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E 1 A No. 2 Q VThat happened n e x t In your c a r e e r ? 3 A In 1970 I became P la n t Manager o f 4 th e p la n t In Alabama . 5 q Anniston? 6 A Yes. 7 Q Niran f a c ilit y ? 8 A Yes. 9 Q f'Th a t e l s e th e y make down th e re ? * 10 A p c s ' s . ; ' n Q P olych lorin ated biphenyls? 12 A B ip h e n y ls . 13 Q V'e c a l l them b ip h e n y l in th e tra d e? 14 A And b ip h e n y l. And we c h lo r in a t e d 15 b ip h e n y l and we hydrD genated p a r s -p h e n y l and made p a r a - 16 n itr o p h e n o la t e and made e t h y l p a r a th io n and m eth y l par a 17 th io n , 18 Q Did you do a n y th in g e l s e down th e r e ? 19 A T h a t's enoujrh. 20 Q In your rrsanufacture o f PCB's d id you 21 le a r n a n y th in g a b o u t th e d io x in s or a n y th in g l i k e th a t? 22 A Not as I r e c a l l , 23 Q Nobody e v er .mentioned i t to you? 24 A Not th a t I r e c a l l . 25 Q Have you s in c e lea r n e d ab ou t th a t in JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 1 connection w ith PCB's? 2 A Not d io x in s in PCB's, no. 3 Q You work on an y d ib e n z o fu r a n s? 4 A Yes. 5 Q At that plant7 6 A No. 7 Q V/here? 8 A At Texas. 9 Q Is th at Chocolate? 10 A C h o c o la te Eayou 3 the name o f th e 11 p la n t . I t ' s n ea r a town c a l l e d A l v i n , A - l - v - i - n . 12 < j. E. V.'ha t ha ppene d n e x t in your c a r e e r ? 13 I 1978 I carne co S t . L ou is and the 14 E n v iro n m en ta l P o li c y i t a f f . 15 Anc i 'r-at*s v r e r e you a t - now? 16 A Yes . 17 Q In the- jo b you g o t ir. *78? 18 A J u s t ch a n g ed . 19 Q D i f f e r e n t oa r.-e or d i f f e r e n t - 20 A D i f f e r e n t f e d e r a l Law I lo o k a f t e r . 21 Q So you h ave been d o in g e s s e n t i a l l y th e 22 same k in d o f work s in c e 1973 fo r the -*1/ i f onm ental P o li c y 23 A - - S t a f f . 24 Q Is th a t a co rp orate 3 t a f f p o s itio n ? 25 A Y es. JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 1 Q Who i s y o u r s u p e r v i s o r ? 2 A Dr. C a rp e n te r. 3 Q I s he a n M.D. or Ph. B .? 4 A Ph. D. 5 Q Does he h a v e some k i n d of o f f i c i a l 6 t i t l e w ith the company? 7 A Yes. He's D irecto r of environm ental 8 Management. 9 Q O.K. Now, w h a t does t h e E n v i r o n m e n t a l 10 F o l i c y S t a f f d o? 11 A V/hat do t h e y do? 12 Q Yes. './hat i s i t s f u n c t i o n ? 13 A They s e t t h e p o l i c i e s , g u i d e l i n e s and 14 p r a c t i c e s at*1 p r o c e d u r e s and have c o r p o r a t e o v e r s i g h t 15 r e L a t i v e t o f e d e r a l e r - v i r onmer. ta 1 l a w s . 16 Q Doe-; iieaa you t r y to g et your 17 o p e r a t i o n s i n t o c o n p l ( a r:ce ? 18 A * e l l , i t s a y s t h a t v d f t h o s e o f us 19 who h an d le a g i v e n env iron-Tie a t ? 1 knowledgeable 20 enough o f t h a t law t h a t we s e e t h a t w h a t e v e r r e g u l a t i o n s 21 i m p le m e n t t h a t law a r e u n i f o r m l y u n d e r s t o o d , a s s i m i l a t e d 22 and a p p l i e d w i t h i n Monsanto on a corpora tew ide b a s i s . 23 Q So you f e l l o w s , you d i v i d e up t h e s e 24 law s, r i g h t ? 25 A Y e s. J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E $$ % 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 A Yes. Q O.K. What d io x in w ere you f i r s t made aware o f and when? A The f i r s t one I was made a w a r e -o f was 2 , 3 ,7 ,8 , and i t was In a s t a f f m eeting and somebody got to ta lk in g about som ething about d io x in s and t o x ic it y and th ey ta lk ed about a r e p o r t from S ev eso , I t a ly ,o r som ething lik e th a t, and th ey passed a thin g around and I read i t , and th a t's i t . Q And th a t w ould have been a b o u t 'IS", you think7 A No. I t was probably la te r than th a t. Q In co n n ectio n w ith your S o lid Waste A ct m o n ito rin g , you d id n 't become a cq u ain ted w ith or aware o f d ioxin s? A (Shakes head n e g a tiv e ly .) Q The s t a f f m e e tin g t h a t you had you th in k some tim e in 1979 was th e S ev eso in c id e n t the s u b je c t m a tter o f t h a t m e e tin g , or d id I t j u s t come up in fo r m a lly ? A I t j u s t came up in fo r m a lly in a roundr o b in type o f I n c id e n t a s opposed t o some typ e o f fo rm a l presen tation . Q You s a y you t h in k th e r e was some k in d o f handout? A Somebody had an a r t i c l e th a t was out JAM ES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 1 18 1 Q What k in d o f t h in g s were you i n s t r u c t e d 2 on? 3 A W ell, as I r e c a ll, in the operating 4 procedures or d e sc rip tio n s o f the various processes 5 you worked w ith , they would have in the running te x t th in gs r e la tiv e to s a fe ty p recau tion s and sa fe handling 7 and w hat to do in em ergency s i t u a t i o n s , g o t some on 8 you, g o t some in your e y e s , b re a th e so m e th in g , i f th a t 9 happened to be what you co u ld b r e a th e , th a t kind o f th in g . 10 Q And, in f a c t , on some o f th o s e o p era* . n tfons - 12 A What t o w ear a s p r o t e c t i v e eq u ip m en t. 13 <3 And th e r e was e v e n in some o f th o s e 14 o p e r a tin g m anuals a t o x i c i t y s e c t i o n , was th e r e n o t? 15 A I d o n 't remember w h eth er th e r e was l or n o t . 17 Q But i f you g o t any in s t r u c t io n a t a l l , 18 t h a t ' s where you g o t i t , a t M onsanto? 19 A We l l , in term s o f s a f e h a n d lin g o f 20 c h e m ic a ls , t h a t ' s th e o n ly p la c e I can remember g e t t in g 21 f a i r l y in d o c t r in a t e d a b o u t i t . 22 Q You remember g e t t i n g i t anyw here e l s e 23 a t Monsanto? 24 A N o, n o t *n t h a t fo r m a l o f c o n t e x t . 25 Q Any in fo rm a l kind o f th in g ? JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE $* V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 A No. Q Now, you had p r e t t y good e x p e r ie n c e , i t lo o k s l i k e , down in th e p la n ts ? A Yes. Q You w ere a fo rem a n , I th in k you s a i d . And you w ere a c t u a l l y o u t in th e s e o p e r a tin g - - You were P la n t Manager? A Yes. Q who had a c c e s s to th e o p e r a tin g manuals?- A vho has a c c e s s to them? Q Yeah. Down in th e p l a n t . A W ell, in a l l the operating co n tro l * rooms th ere are c o p ie s th ere the op era to rs cou ld lo o k a t , th e forem en. Anybody who w anted to w alk in th e re to look a t i t could look a t i t . Q I r e a l i z e , p erh ap s, anybody who was th e r e co u ld lo o k a t i t , b u t who v o i il i have o c c a sio n ? Was th e r e a p a r t i c u la r jo b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n t h a t would have occasion to look a t it? A Not th a t s p e c i f i c a l l y . I t was th ere fo r everybody's u se. Q So anyone a s s o c ia te d w ith a production u n i t , f o r e x a m p le, may have c a u se or o c c a s io n t o ta k e a look a t th e o p e r a tin g manual? A Could. JAM ES MAY REPORTING SERVICE | 7 Q In o p era tin g the process? ;J 2 jvA 3 Q Now# a s id e from the t o n i c i t y in fo rm a 4 tio n and the sa fe h an d lin g inform atio n th at you have 5 talked about th at appears in the operating n a r v a ls, do 6 you know o f -n y o ch er w r i t i n g th a t would have th a t kind 7 o f free a'.cecc th* o p era tio n s le-.rel? 8 *- No. The o o c r ^ c ir g I n s t r u c t io n s w ere 9 p r e t t y much the o f f i c i a l t h in g t h a t was th e r e w here we t r iq d 10 t.c put ^7.1 th e in fo r m a tio n : '"'.lJ about the p r o c e s s e s . 11 0 Dr. O-111" and D r. N e v er , you know 12 th o s e g en tlem en ? 13 A I know Dr. C al l i s . 14 ns lie has t e s t i f i e d t h a t th e r e != a 15 ;o 1 1c y t h<=t : : o n v i t o ha ; tha r pr iv i de s tFa t in f or ma t io n 16 t h a t tha M ed ic a l D e r a r tn e n t has c b o u t t o : * 'c it y r>u:5t be 77 com m unicated t o th e wor.-C'-. Apr vo*- ,- 'a r e o f t h a t o o lic y ? 78 A In a gen era 7* e n s e , "Ob . 79 Q Ho r e - t h r t tVin c era on 20 r e s p o n s ib le fo r 'U-'-t-Vr't-.f-io t V r ' * fnjr!*a`:ion 1 " 't r i b u - 21 te d I t by '-a 7 o f -i '!a 22 'no- '/h iit th a t is ? "l* T oty ^ h a e t, 70 23 A I ' n fa m il-l" -: -:ith th e docum ent, b u t 24 th e many -ay^ in w h ich i t ^ov.ld b*i u.-sed " ' m n o t . 25 Q I u n d e r s ta n d . He a l s o t e s t i f i e d t h e r e JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE & % V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 4; A Yeah, e v er y two y e a r s. Q And w ould t h a t u p d a tin g be th e e x press ion o f th a t gen eral p o lic y to inform people in th e w o rk p la ce what th e IS cd ica l D epartm ent knew a b o u t t o x ic it y and hazards? A I d o n 't remember th a t b ein g th e main reason for doing t. Q You know w h at the main r e a so n was? A Yes. Q `,,h at was i t ? A To have th e b e s t in fo r m a tio n a b o u t th a t p r o c ess ou t th e r e s o th a t p eo p le who needed t o lo o k som eth in g up co u ld fin d i t . Q And a s f a r a s you know, t h a t was th e p o lic y o f the company, w asn 't it? A Yes. Q And i f th e company g o t new and b e t t e r in fo rm a tio n than i t had the year b e fo r e , as fa r a s you know, i t was th e p o lic y oi: th e company to g e t th a t new in fo r m a tio n down th e r e in t h a t p o l i c y m anual s o t h e s e fe llo w s w orking w ith i t would be a d v ised what die problems were? A To g e t i t in t o w hat th e y c a l l th e op era tin g manual. Q As a P la n t Manager - - and sp eak in g JAM ES MAY REPORTING SERVICE nt p r a c tic a lly - - the op eratin g manual Is r e a lly where you would ex p ect a fe llo w to go to for Inform acin i f he had q u e stio n s about what was g oin g on? A Yes. q And th e p e r t i n e n t answ ers ou gh t t o be th ere, isir c that right? or that p articu larprocess, q A l l r i g h t . You f i r s t heard a b o u t 2 ,3 ,7 ,8 -I C D D in f o r m a lly a t a s t a f f m e e tin g in s o me tim e , you thiiiic, 1979, and i t was a s s o c ia t e d w ith th e in c id e n t a t S e v e s o , I t a l y . Now, su b seq u en t to t h a t d id you h ea r more a b o u t d io x in ? A How do you mean? Q In c o n n ectio n w ith your work. Did you fin d o u t a n y th in g more a b o u t d io x in ? A N ot in c o n n e c tio n w ith my work. Q T h a tf s tru e today?. A Y eah, to d a y i t 1s tr u e s i n c e my jo b c h a n g e d . What r e a l l y came t o mma was th e f e d e r a l government is tn in k in g about in clu d in g d io x in and furan compounds in the hazardous w aste r u le s and th ey have proposed as the Federar R e g ister , so , yeah. Q From the tim e in 1979 th a t you f i r s t heard, a b o u t i t , a o o u t a i o x i n , d id you hear an y more from your company? Were you b r i e f e d a n y on d i o x i n or JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 1 d id you fin d out an yth in g about i t in con n ection w ith 2 your work oth er than J u st t h is a r t i c le you r e fe r r e d to? 3 A N ot in c o n n e c tio n w ith my work. 4 Q Did you fin d out j u s t in fo r m a lly or 5 do any r ea d in g on i t y o u r s e lf? 6 A No. I t d id n 't have a n y th in g to do 7 w ith what I was d o in g , so I d id n 't need to know. 8 Q And you had no d i s c u s s i o n s a b o u t i t s 9 e f f e c t on man, t o x i c i t y or a n y th in g l i k e th a t? 10 A No. I t ' s n o t p a r t o f ray w ork, s o I 11 d i d n ' t have o c c a s io n t o . 12 Q J u s t s o I u n d e r s t a n d , t h e o n l y r e a l 13 c o n n e c t i o n o r i n f o r m a t i o n you had a b o u t d i o x i n - - a n d 14 I 'm s p e a k in g of 2,3,7,8-T C D D when I sa y d i o x i n - - in 15 c o n n e c t i o n w i t h your work was in t h a t i n f o r m a l s t a f f 16 m e e t i n g when ycu g o t t h a t l i t t l e a r t i c l e a b o u t S e v e so ? 17 A W e ll, t h a t ' s the f i r s t tim e I heard 18 a b o u t I t . Now, you c a n ' t h e lp but h e a r p e o p le t a l k 19 a b o u t i t and read ab o u t I t , so t h a t ' s h a p p en e d and t h i s 20 a l l g o t k in d o f mixed up in term s o f s p e c i f i c s b e ca u se 21 I d o n 't r e c a l l h a v in g been s p e c i f i c a l l y in v o lv e d in 22 a c t i v i t i e s w it h in M onsanto r e l a t e d t o my work t h a t I had 23 c a u se t o have to knew a n y th in g a b o u t d i o x i n . 24 Q You d i d n ' t have to a p p rove an y p o s i t i o n 25 th a t the company was g o in g to take in r e fe r e n c e to d io x in ? J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E 1 A No. 2 q And you w e r e n ' t on a n y d i s t r i b u t i o n 3 lis ts or anything to receive information about dioxin, 4 that so rt of thing? 5 A I d o n ' t know a b o u t t h a t b e c a u se a l o t 6 o f t h i n g s g e t d i s t r i b u t e d . I may o r may n o t h a v e . 7 Q Now, t h e y h ad you i n s o l i d w a s t e t h e r e 8 for a while? 9 A Ves. - 10 Q Did you l o o k a t t h e N i t r o P l a n t - in* 11 t e r m s o f s o l i d w a s t e ? 12 A Among o t h e r s . 13 Q The f i r s t tim e you d i d t h e r e , I g u e s s , 14 was in 1978, t h e b e g i n n i n g o f *78? 15 A Yean. L a t e ' 7 3 we s u r v e y e d M o n s a n t o . 16 Q Was t h a t i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t r y i n g 17 t o s t a y in c o m p lia n c e w i t h t h e S o l i d Waste A ct? 18 A No. 19 Q Why were you d o i n g t h a t ? 20 A To g e t r e a d y . 21 Q F o r w h a t ? 22 A F o r t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e A c t , 23 w h i c h we knew t h e r u l e s w e r e c o m i n g . 24 Q So you surveyed N itro ? 25 1 A T h a t '8 one p l a n t , one of s e v e r a l . J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E $ ft - .*>A. * , =" i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Q so lid vaste? And d id you h ave a d e f i n i t i o n o f A Not a t th a t tim e. q You m ust have had some id e a what i t was you were lo o k in g fo r a t th a t tim e. A We l l , w hat we w ere t r y in g to do i s j u s t g e t a volum e v a r i e t y count* on th e ty p e s o f p r o - cess w astes th a t were generated. q That were aver generated a t N itro? A No, That was b ein g c u r r e n tly g en era ted . q Did you s u r v e y a n y o ld dumps t h a t w ere n o longer being used? A N o, n o t t h a t we knew o f . < O.K. And t h i s w ould have b e e n , l i k e , e a r l y *79 or l a t e *73? A Oh, t h i s was Late '7 8 . Q So you were concerned a t th a t tim e w ith e x istin g - - A M onsanto's c u r re n t w aste management p ractices q And d id th e r e come a tim e when you had to be concerned w ith M onsanto's p a st w aste p r a c tic e s? A Uh huh ( y e s ) . q And when was th a t? A That was in '7 9 . JAM ES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 9f 1 Q And haw d id t h a t come abou t? 2 A Monsanto and f i f t y other com panies 3 p a r tic ip a te d in a su rvey o f th e major ch em ica l producers 4 under Congressman E ck h ard t's House O versigh t C onm ittee 5 work. 6 Q So th e E ckhardt Committee was formed 7 some tim e in 1979 or th e y u n d ertook t h is su r v e y some 8 tim e in ' 79? 9 10 Q M onsanto was one o f f i f t y p l a n t s , s o 11 w hat d id you do in c o n n e c tio n w it h t h a t u n d e r ta k in g 12 r e g a r d in g N itr o ? 13 A J u s t s e n t o u t some form s and the 14 i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r f i l l i n g o u t th e form s and g o t th e form 15 back w ith a l l th e r e s t o f th e form s and s e n t them in . 1 Q Were you th e f e l l o w who was r e s p o n s ib l e 17 fo r s e e in g to i t th e form g o t f i l l e d out? 18 A W e ll, n o t g o t f i l l e d o u t , b u t th e y 19 g o t a l l c o l l e c t e d c o r p o r a t e ly fo r M onsanto. 20 Q Then you to o k th e m a te r ia ls and g o t 21 th e in fo r m a tio n o u t o f th e m a t e r ia ls t h a t w ere s e n t t o 22 you and com p leted th e form s? 23 A Ho, 1 p rep a red , based on th e in s t r u c 24 t i o n s we g o t from E c k h a r d t's C om m ittee t e c h n i c a l s t a f f , 25 we p rep ared a s e t o f i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r p r e p a r a tio n o f th e JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE - 1 .' 1 s u r v e y fo rm s. We s e n t th e s u r v e y form s t o th e N l t r o 2 P la n t , Tha N lt r o P la n t f i l l e d o u t th e su r v e y fo r m s , 3 s e n t them hack t o me and I added t h a t t o th e s t a c k f o r 4 Monsanto and se n t I t In to the te c h n ic a l s t a f f fo r th e 5 Eckhardt C om nittee. 6 Q Did you have th e f i n a l a p p ro v a l on 7 that? I r e a liz e probably H anley had the u ltim a te sa y , 8 but in terms o f your job? 9 A Yeah, In terms o f g e ttin g the form s 10 back and lo o k in g th ro u g h t o s e e i f p e o p le had dana w hat 11 t h e y a r e su p p o sed t o d o , y e s . 12 Q You c o u ld s a y y e s or no t o th e s t u f f ? 13 In o th e r w o r d s, "We a r e g o in g t o sen d t h i s , we a r e n * t 14 se n d in g t h a t , i t * s n o t c o m p lete ," th a t kind o f th in g ? 15 A Yeah. l Q Now, a t th a t tim e d u rin g t h is p e r io d 17 o f tim e when you w ere r e q u ir e d to exam ine p a s t w a ste 18 d i s p o s a l a t N i t r o , d id you have a d e f i n i t i o n you w ere 19 w o rk in g w it h f o r s o l i d w a s te ? 20 A Yeah, you had a d e fin itio n o f s o lid w a ste. 21 Q Do you r e c a l l w h at i t was? 22 A No. I t ' s about th a t lon g. I t ' s what 23 ever* 8 in the law. 24 Q In a d d itio n to what was in tha law , d id 25 you id e n t if y oth er m a te r ia ls when you w ere d oin g t h is JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 1 survey? 2 . A Survey d id n 't have anyth ing to do 3 w ith th e, law . 4 Q You may have m isu n d e rsto o d my q u e s t io n . 5 The E ckhardt Conanittee ask ed th a t you perform a su r v e y a t the N itr o P la n t, among o th er p la n t s , to d eterm in e, 7 I g u e s s , th e l o c a t i o n o f dump s i t e s f o r s o l i d w a ste? S A No, That was o n ly part o f i t , 9 Q O.K. But p a r t o f i t was to i d e n t i f y 10 t h a t , r ig h t ? 11 A I n e v e r have b een s u r e . 12 Q Maybe you sh o u ld t e l l me w hat i t i s 13 you were lo o k in g f o r p u rsu an t t o th e E ckhardt r e q u e s t . 14 A C ongressm an E c k h a r d t1s Subcom m ittee 15 a sk e d t o th e b e s t o f a n y b o d y 's a b i l i t y f o r them t o t r y l to r e c o n str u c t what th ey had done w ith th e ir ch em ical 17 m a n u fa ctu rin g p r o c e ss w a ste s in c e 1 9 50. 18 Q O.K, So t h a t was w hat you u n d erto o k 19 t o do a t th e N it r o P la n t? 20 Yeah, fo r th a t form . T h at's what the 21 form was su p p o sed t o d o , 22 Q Were p r o c e s s w a s te s t o be d e f i n e d , 23 were th e y d e fin e d a t a l l ? 24 A W e ll, th e y j u s t s a id from your Indus- 25 t r i a l p r o c e sse s. JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 06 \ i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 *i --Jl ' Q For examp l a , i f you were m anu factu ring a h e r b ic id e a t N itr o , did you sim p ly sa y i t wea a h e r b i- c id e or d id you sa y , w e ll, i t was 2 ,4 ,5 -tr ic h lo r o p h e n o x y - a c e t ic a c id ? Did you break i t dmm th a t fa r? A No. They were J u st in te r e s te d in the p ro cess w aste from the p la n t. Q And i s a p r o c e s s w a s te , i s t h a t some k in d o f term o f a r t? Does t h a t mean so m eth in g s p e c i a l to the chem ical engineer? : A Yes. .. . Q What d oes i t mean? A I t means som eth in g th a t i s no lo n g e r o f comm ercial value to th a t p a r tic u la r process as i t is when i t ' s withdrawn from th e p r o c e s s . Q Would t h a t in c lu d e b yp rod u cts? A No. Byproduct s t i l l has v a lu e . This i s som ething you take out o f the process and tr a d itio n a lly i t h a s n ' t had a n y v a l u e . You may some day d is c o v e r you cou ld g e t som ething out o f i t , but tr a d itio n a lly i t 's som ething you withdraw w ith the p rocess and has no further value. Q And i t ' s th e p r o c e ss w a ste th a t th e Eckhardt Committee was in te r e s te d in? A Yes. Q Not a product? JAM ES MAY REPORTING SERVICE * $ \ V1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 *i J1 T hat's r ig h t. - Q A contam inant would be a p rocess w aste? A A contam inant what? (J I f you had a p r o d u c t t h a t had c o n - tam inant th a t you cou ld e x tr a c t and o b v io u sly i t would have no, as you sa y , value in terms o f nobody wanted to buy i t , then th a t would be a p rocess w aste? A I f you a c tu a lly did i t . I f you l e f t i t in the product, i t ' s not a w aste. Q I w ant t o make su r e w hat you mean when you say p rocess w aste - - A You go th rou gh you r p u r i f i c a t i o n - - You're ta lk in g a b o u t, lik e , p u r ifIc a tio n ? Q Sure. A I f you p u r ify som ething and the im- p u r itie s th at you p u ll o u t, i f you have n o .fu rth er use fo r th o s e , th ose w i l l be c a lle d p ro cess w a ste . In the in d u s tr ia l le x ic o n th a t's what th a t means. Q And. t h a t ' s w h at you to o k the E ck h a rd t C o m m itta ls r eq u e st p e r ta in in g to p ro cess w aste to mean, th at d efin ition ? A Yes. Q And d id you l o c a t e some p r o c e s s w a s te dump s i t e s a t th e M onsanto N I tr o f a c i l i t y ? A Yes. JAM ES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 4% 1 Q Did you id e n t if y what were then th o se 2 process w aste dump s i t e s ? 3 A In a very general way. 4 Q I assume th e y want to know, l i k e , 5 s i n c e 1 9 5 0 , s o how w ould you d e te r m in e what was in a 6 p r o c e s s w a ste dump s i t e ? 7 A T a lk in g t o p e o p le , lo n g s e r v i c e em 8 p lo y e e s , goin g back to w hatever record s m ight be s t i l l 9 around. 10 Q So you t a lk e d to o ld tim e r s ? -V ` " ' 11 A Yeah. 12 Q And lo o k e d a t w h a tev er r e c o r d s you 13 m igh t fin d ? 14 A Y es. 15 Q what kind o f r e c o r d s would th a t be? 16 A I d o n 't know w hat th e y w ere. 17 Q Did you lo o k a t them? 18 A No. 19 Q Do you have a n y i d e a , w ould th e y b e , 20 l i k e , la b r e p o r ts? 21 A I d o n ' t know. 22 Q You have no id e a ? 23 A I d o n 't knew w hat th e y u s e d . 24 Q You're presuming th ey looked a t record s? 25 A W ell, the in s tr u c t io n s from the E ckhardt JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE t 1 t e c h n ic a l s t a f f was to do the b e s t Job you can , h ere a r e - , 2 the p o s sib le so u rc es, and so I enumerated the so r ts 3 of sources. 4 Q Told your people that? 5 A R ig h t , we s a i d t h a t sounds r e a s o n a b le , 6 h e r e a r e th e p o s s i b l e s o u r c e s . Don' t go make a c a r e e r 7 o u t o f t h i s , b u t do th e b e s t you c a n , we have d e a d lin e s 8 to m eet. 9 Q You t a lk e d t o j e o p l e and lo o k e d a t 10 w h atever documents n ig h t have been in e x is t e n c e . D id 11 you do a n y t e s t in g ? 12 A N o. 13 Q D id you s u b s e q u e n t ly do a n y t e s t i n g 14 a t th o s e s i t e s a f t e r you c o m p le te d your work f o r th e 15 K ckhardt Com m ittee? 16 A I d o n 't r e c a ll any te s tin g being done 17 w it h r eg a r d t o th e E ck h ard t s u r v e y . E ck h ard t s u r v e y 18 d id n ' t r e q u ir e a n y t e s t i n g . 19 Q That s p e c if ic a lly did not req uire 20 testing? 21 A That's r ig h t. 22 Q I mean, i t s a id , do n o t t e s t , j u s t lo o k 23 a t record s aid ta lk to people? 24 A There was n o th in g on the form th a t r e 25 quired any t e s t s . JAMES MAY REPORTING 5ERVICE s# \ '\ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Q 0,K. Do you remember what you found In those "process waste sites, do you remember anything at all? A No, I don't remember that. Q And whatever you identified by way of talking to people or looking at documents, you turned over, then, to the Eckhardt Committee? A Yes. Q The Eckhardt Committee, then, know .... ,Vv *4 'T everything you knew about these dump sites, anyway^ ** . . is that true? A As best T can tell. I don't knew ** what they'd do with it. I guess they did. Q But that's your understanding, what- ever you found out from the investigation'you turned over to the Eckhardt Committee? A Yes. Q Whatever happened to the Eckhardt Committee? A Oh, they are a standing House conanittee. He didn't .get reelected. He's not chairman of the thing, but it's still there. q What happened in this committee? What happened to it? Did you ever hear anything? A They issued a report about what they JA M E S M AY R E P O R T IN G S E R V IC E 36 & \ -- - T. -- -- ' <*/ 1 had done. 2 p. 3 And that was it? A We need to get on with getting the 4 rules and regulations out. 5 Q Now, did you make any survey for the 6 Eckhardt Committee of any off-plant sites for process 7 waste? 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 i A It included both. It said whatever you did with process waste, no matter where, Q Now, aside from that survey, htv#;cr*-.^ you done any other surveys as to location and citent",, ?; / 1 of these process waste sites? . . vj A Yeah, we have done an update more recently on the process waste variety and volume. Q Now, is that just something you decided to do internally, or was that just a request? A It was internally. Q Do you know when that was done? A It was in 182. Q '82? A Yeah. Q Do yen know if any testing was done? A No, there wasn't any testing. These were record type surveys. Q That was under your resp(Visibility? JA M E S M AY R E P O R TIN G S E R V IC E 0 1 >,yfv?--.V 2 "j *.--. V-i- No. K: Who was t h a t under? 3 I t was under a Hazardous Waste -4 Management Study. 5 Q A gain, th a t was an in te r n a l stu dy 6 undertaken by Monsanto? 7 A Yes. 8 Q Hazardous Waste Management Study? 9 A Yes. 10 Q Do you know who was in ch a rg e 11 A Y es. 12 Q Who was th a t? -M'i)V"< -> 13 H e's r e t i r e d . F a u l K lin g s p o r n , K - l - i - n - 14 g-s-p-o-r-n 15 Who d id he work f o r , w hat p a r t o f 16 M onsanto? 17 A I d o n 't know. I d o n ' t knew how t o 18 t e l l y o u . I ' d screw I t up i f I t r i e d to t e l l you . 19 Q Did you g e t a copy o f the r ep o rt? 20 A What r e p o r t? 21 Q Was th e r e a r e p o r t t h a t em anated from 22 th e Hazardous Waste Management Study? 23 A Yes. 24 Q I g u ess, the t i t l e o f i t is Hazardous 25 W aste Management Study? JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 A Yes. Q 1982? A Yes. Q I f I wanted to g et a copy o f I t , th a t's what I would ask for? A T h at's what you would a sk fo r . 0 Whether I co u ld g e t I t or n o t i s another m atter, r ig h t. A ll r i g h t . Now, i s th e r e su ch a thing as a oroduct waste? A Yes. 0 N w , whatwould aproduct w aste be? A A bad b a tc h , a bad ru n , a badta n k fu l of som ething. p Now, d id you have dumps where you dumped produ ct w aste? A I don11 know. Q Or d id vou dump I t in th e same p l a c e , probably? A I d o n 't knew. T h ere's a l l kinds o f th in g s you could do w ith i t . 0 Do you knew i f th e r e i s an a tte m p t made or i f th e r e was an a tte m p t made t o s e p a r a te m a t e r ia ls i th a t you dumped, t o have a l l p r o c e s s w a ste dumped in one p la c e and i f you e v e r dump a p r o d u c t w a s t e , t o dump i t JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE  -'"jgS;' 1 In a n o th e r ? Was th e r e any kind o f r u le abou t th a t? 2 A No, n o t t o my k n ow led ge. 3 0 S i a p r o c e ss w a ste dumn c o u ld c o n t a in 4 p o s s i b l y p r o d u c t w a s c e a s w e 11? 5 A S ure. 6 Q D id you ever id e n tify anything where 7 a p ro d u c t was ce wa s dum ped a t the N itr o P lant? 8 n o t sp ec ific a lly . 9 T i d y o u g e n e r a 11 y? 10 \ N o , n o e t o my k n o w l e d g e . n V N e v a r r s r;u;*;f:ted t o do t h a t Sy a n y 12 r Ou' o f ? 13 V - <' 14 7 \i 1. * , _ n j \p. *.c rr.a " *u r v u ; r o ; ea \ 15 w h :-? f -j? i ,^ 16 l44, t ' o . 17 .i - -w^* <-Vs- ` "an** h ' c a ;: i o n a a?.so? 18 A 2 a *f ' . g *t *:L-1 19 s p e c i f i c a b o u t i " * 20 Q A - f a r * you v*:, you n e v e r t e s t e d 21 a n y o f t h e s e w a s t e s - * t e s , w* - 1h e r I t wne p.r oc e s s w a s te 22 o r m i g h t h a v e be e n a p r o c u c t '*'Ce? You i'.v.-/er to o k 23 s a o p l e s t O 3 4 a V?h a u w a s t h e .: , a r f a r a s you know? 24 A Y o u r;c>r. go o u t and d r i l l h o l e s ? 25 Y 'a h . JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE / t <9 V < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 A N ot t o my know ledge Q I assume th a t's the way you t e s t , d r i l l a h a le and take a sample f Is th a t the way you do It? A I f I t was on my p r o p e r ty . I d o n 't know a b o u t g o in g on som ebody e l s e ' s p r o p e r ty . Q But i f I t was on M onsanto's p r o p e r ty , th a t's what you would do, d ig i t up or d r i l l a h o le? A Yeah. Q As fa r a s you know, th a t was n ev er done? A I d o n 't r e c a ll th a t I t was or b e a r in g / about it . Q Now, have you had t o do an y kin d o f survey in con n ection w ith your work w ith the Superfund, t h is new law y o u 're lo o k in g a f t e r ? A Yeah. A l o t o f th e same typ e o f t h in g . In e s se n c e , th ey sa id i f you turned th is in fo r E ckhardt, you d o n 't have to do i t , w hatever you turned in th ere is f in e , th a t s o r t o f th in g : but th ere was a r ep o rtin g requirem ent sim ila r to where have you se n t stu ff Q And d id you fin d th a t Monsanto had m ostly com plied by v ir tu e o f i t s response to the Eckhardt C om m ittee? A Yeah, a la rg e p a rt. Q Was t h a t p a r t i c u l a r l y tr u e a t N itr o ? A I w o u ld n 't sa y s o more than any p la c e JA M E S MAY R E P O R TIN G S E R V IC E A1 Q You know a n y a d d i t i o n a l r e p o r t in g you have had t o make t o th e Superfund A gency w ith r e f e r ence to N itro? A No. Q So would i t be f a ir to sa y in g en era l the Eckhardt work th a t was done f a i r l y w e ll s u ffic e d the requirem ents o f the Superfund in q u iry , a t le a s t , so far as N itro 's concerned? A Yeah. 0 Do you knew i f a n y 2 ,4 ,5 - T w a ste p r o d u ct was i d e n t i f i e d a t a n y o f th e dump s i t e s a t N itr o ? A I don' t remember e v e r s e e in g th a t. Q Do you know i f a n y d io x in s w ere id e n t i f i e d to the Eckhardt Committee in any o f the p ro cess w a s te dump s i t e s i d e n t i f i e d ? A No. Q When you w erew ork in g in th e plan t a s i P la n t Manager in A n niston and around, d id you have occa sio n to work w ith carbon d is u lfid e ? A No. 0 Was t h a t e v e r u s e d in a n y o f th e f a c i l i t i e s where you worked? A X th in k th e y u se i t a t th eKrummrich P la n t, but I w asn 't a sso c ia te d w ith where they use i t . JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 1 Q And, co n seq u en tly , you w ou ld n't have 2 been in v o lv ed w ith any H2S, r ig h t? 3 A W ell, I have been in v o lv ed in H2S, 4 but i t w asn't around th ere. 5 Q Where was th a t7 ' 6 A I t was in A n n iston . 7 Q W ith the N iran op eration ? 8 A Yes. 9 Q From p u r e a r l i e r te s tim o n y , I g u e s s , 10 th e b e s t so u r c e o f In fo r m a tio n a b o u t th e h a za rd s o f 11 H2S w ould be th e o p e r a to r s ' m anual, you th in k ? 12 A Y eah. 13 Q A f e l l o w w ork in g on one o f th o se 14 p r o c e s s j o b s , you knew, an o p e r a to r or h e lp e r or w h at 15 e v e r , w ould t h a t be the b e s t p la c e f o r him to lo o k f o r 16 t h a t k in d o f in fo r m a tio n ? 17 A W e ll, y e a h . H e'd g e t i t d u rin g h i s 18 o p e r a to r t r a i n i n g , h e 'd g e t i t d u r in g h i s b r e a k in p e r io d 19 and h e 'd g a t i t in th e i n d o c t r in a t io n s and o r i e n t a t i o n 20 ha g o es through i n i t i a l l y and then g e t i t o u t o f th e 21 o p e r a tio n i n s t r u c t i o n s l a t e r on. 22 Q D uring th e o p e r a to r tr a in in g p h ase, 23 he w ould r e c e i v e s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s a b o u t v a r io u s 24 s u b s ta n c e s he m igh t be w ork in g w i t h , r ig h t ? 25 A Y e s. JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 1 Q Do you know t h a t th a t may be a c o r p o r a 2 t ionw ide p o lic y th a t would a f f e c t that? In oth er w ords, 3 would you ex p ect -- 4 A I assume i t i s , 5 Q You w ould e x p e c t th e same k in d o f thing to occur a t N itro? 7 A You t r a i n som ebody and have somebody 8 to w atch h i? b efo re you turn him lo o s e in d ep en d en tly 9 to run a jo b . 10 1 Do you know i f th e r e i s l i t e r a t u r e 11 t h a t a cco m p a n ies th e s e t r a i n i n g p e r io d s and t r a i n in g 12 s e s s i o n s t h a t c o n t a in s in fo r m a tio n a b o u t t o x i c i t y and 13 h a za rd s a s s o c i a t e d w ith s p e c i f i c c h e m ic a ls ? 14 ' I d on ' t know s p e c i f i c a l l y w h a t' s t h e r e , 15 bu t i t ' s su p p osed to show th e guy how t o run i t , how 16 to run i t s a f e l y .nd p r o t e c t h i m s e l f and keep th e t h in g 17 in c o n t r o l . 18 ^ And do vou know w h eth er w orkers a r e 19 a l s o a d v is e d o f s u s p e c te d h e a lt h h a z a r d s'1 You may have 20 a c h e m ic a l t h a t ' s q u e s t io n a b le and you t h in k , "We a r e 21 n o t su r e a b o u t t h a t b u t we th in k i t d oes th e follow in g 22 t h i n g s , be c a r e fu l" ? 23 A I have ion e p e r s o n a l e x p e r ie n c e . Now, 24 how much i s done w here to whom and how , I don' t know. 25 Q What i s your p e r s o n a l e x p e r ie n c e ? JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE A T his was w ith reg a rd to some r e q u ir e 2 ments th a t we had to ta lk to p eople about benzene in 3 the w orkplace. T hat's ju s t a personal exp erien ce. 4 Q And was b en zen e a su b s ta n c e t h a t you 5 may n o t have had c o n c lu s iv e p r o o f on a s to w hat i t ca u sed , i f a n y th in g , but th ere was a stro n g su sp ic io n 7 o r , a t l e a s t , i t was su sp e c te d a s being hazardous? 8 A Yed% i t was in t h a t l i g h t - - 9 V Kind o f a gray area? 10 \ rh at we ta lk e d t o our o p e r a to r s a b o u t , 11 s a i d i t ' s s u s n e c t e d o f t h i s , s t u d y in g i t , th e y a r e 12 r u n n in g t e s t s on i t and w h a tev e r d e v e lo p s w e ' l l k eep 13 you in fo rtred . 14 r And the purpose o f t h a t was to r e 15 i t e r a t e th e y sh o u ld be c a r e f u l in u s in g i t , b e in g e x p o se d 16 to t h i s k in d o f s t u f f ? 17 A I d o n 't know i f i t wa3 t h a t . They 18 knew t h a t . X th in k i t was more o f a vVe iearr. c o r e , 19 w e ' l l t e l l you more " ty r e o f t h in g a b o u t w hat y o u 'r e 20 working w ith and th in gs you're cak in g. 21 Q And you a g r e e w it h t h a t p o l i c y , d o n ' t 22 you? 23 A Sure. 24 Q And a s P la n t l& nager w ould you be 25 r e sp o n sib le to se e th a t th a t kind o f th in g went on as JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE /. C 1 you became aware, well, like, in the benzene situation? 2 In terms of the overall site authority, 3 yes, but I didn't actually go do it. The supervisors 4 and the foreman in the operating areas and the mainten 5 ance areas did It. They'd actually take the men and 6 sit down and talk to them or have safety meetings or 7 informal meetings and tell them. 8 Q Wasn't anything out of the ordinary 9 about this benzene example you cited at all, than? 10 a n o . n' Q And If the men were to find out this 12 new Information, that's practically the only place they 13 could have found it out is through a vehicle like that 14 or the plan** coming forward and telling them? 15 / I don't knew about that. 16 Q You were Plant Manager.Does Monsanto 17 have the policy that shows the function of a plant 18 physician, plant doctor? 19 A I don't know whether they do or not. 20 I don't remember. 21 0 Did you work with the plant physician 22 when you were Plant nager? 23 A With bin? 24 Q Well, did 7 0 U haveone under you? 25 A Well, yeah, O.K. JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE '> V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ... Q He was generally there? A He was part time. Q What did you expect him to do? A Make sure the annual physicals-were conducted, make sure that the necessary medical records and reports were kept current and up to date, look after first-aid type treatment, make sure about hospital admissions, was familiar with anything unique about the processes in the operations in case there was an accident, fire, explosion at the plant. He was sort of the guy who if he had to have other physicians or help, had to take people to the hospital in tcwn, he sort of knew what to cell the emergency room people and other zjsdi-ol attendants what to do in special cases and things "ike that. 0 Did Monsanto, that you know, have any requirements for a plant physician? Did he have to be a specialist, did ho have to have any industrial hygiene experience or anything like that, industrial medicine? A No, I'don't know. q You just don't know? / No. v If a plant had a medical program or medical monitoring program, would the plant ' JA M E S M AY R E P O R TIN G S E R V IC E U1 1 p h y sic ia n be in charge o f th a t or a t le a s t keep an 2 e y e on i t ? 3 A In my c a s e he d id . 4 Q Did you have a m edical .m onitoring 5 program a t your plant? A Y es. 7 What p la n t was th a t? 8 A Annis t o n . 9 1 WTa s t h a t in c o n n e c tio n w ith N iran? 10 Vo r 11 0 Did you r e c e i v e r e c o r d s from a m e d ic a l 12 m o n ito r in g o la n from M i t r o w ith regard t o th e N iran ? 13 NTo. 14 .'v -` o u k i :ow i f t h e r e was n o e d i c a l 15 m onitoring programi a t y -1 :1' t r o r e 1a t l to . 'I r a n ? rr 8 16 A i d or:'1 ** ! .*^*."1 W r- 'a fore my 17 ' h a t f* y r < r " * '\u 1 ;M o n i t o r i n g p r o - 18 g r a m d id th e y h a v e 3 t Ar L S t * " 19 A r h o 1 i ..; ' s t e r a v ^ . 20 Q e !-v a ' 21 * T h a t's ? 11. 22 } How o f t e n o ld you do ths t? Did th e y 23 do t h a t e v e r y q u a r te r ? 24 A I t depended up or. th e work group and 25 th e fr e q u e n c y o f c o n t a c t and p o s s i b l e e x p o s u r e . L ik e , JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE O Ill i V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 -- .... . aa the operators would be more frequent than mechanics and the engineers would be less frequent than the mechanics until they got to ms, and they pumped blood out of me every six months. 0 And ay a part of that program was it explained to the r.-^en why they were being tested? A Sure, They knew about it. And nothing unusual about th?t either? A No, 0 THit would have been Monsanto1s1 policy* as far as you know? A Z. *on!t kmx?. It it?.-r* r-y plant. *k.!: you saw to it it ;;e r: done, right? T A;.vl.-ody t-rOT yon that did you ju&t co it on your -own? A r?"y dnir.- Tt when T *ot there, kept mi doing It. Q Hid ynu ever 'oar rf the Nitro Health Study Task Force? Yes. '..'ere you over on chat Tr.sk Force? A >To, Q Vern you copied with information from the Task Force? JA M E S M AY R E P O R TIN G S E R V IC E /.Ci Maybe. A I d o n ' t know. I d on' t t h i n k so . Q w ith your work? Did you h e a r a b o u t i t in c o n n e c ti o n A No, s i r . Q So y o u 're sa y in g i t was j u s t t a l k or s c u ttle b u tt, or what? A Just ta lk aoout th is Task Force that was being put to g e th e r to look a t the h e a l th assessm ent situation at Nitro. Q Did you u n d e r s ta n d why i t was formed? A No. Q Did you h e a r why i t was formed? A No, I d o n ' t t h i n k I e v e r d i d . Q Dio you e v e r ask? A No. Q Did you e v e r h e a r o f Raymond Sus k i n d ? A Yes. Q What d i d you h e a r a b o u t Raymond Sus k i n d ? A His name. Q In connection with what? A I c a n ' t remember. I ' v e he ard th a t name. Q Did you e v e r s e e th e man? A No, n ot th a t I 'd know. Q You d o n 't know a n y th in g ab o u t h i s h e a lt h J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E . '-y 1 s t u d ie s on th e N itr o work fo r c e ? 2 , Tr - A I do n o t. 3 Q Except what you read in the paper? 4 A R ight. 5 Q Do you r e p o r t t o D r, C a l l is ? 6 A No. 7 Q He*s e n t ir e ly sep a ra te from you? 8 A Yes . 9 Q M edical Department e n tir e ly sep arato. .***. r * ' W 10 from you? 11 A Y e s. 12 Q When y o u t e c h e c k in g t o s e e i f t h in g s 13 a r e in a c co r d a n ce w ith t h e s e v a r ic u s f e d e r a l la w s , you 14 have o c c a s io n t o d e a l w ith the M ed ica l D epartm ent? 15 A N ot V'-ry o f t e n . 16 Q When you d o , who do you t a l k to ov er 17 th e r e ? 18 A M ost o f t e n I t a l k a b o u t p rop osed r u l e s . 19 N ot r u le s in e f f e c t . 20 Q So who do you t a l k t o over th e r e ? 21 A I t a l k to th e t o x i c o l o g y p e o p le . 22 Q Anybody in p a r t ic u la r ? 23 A Dr. George L e v in s k a s . 24 Q Anybody e l s e ? 25 A Yeah. A n oth er t o x i c o l o g i s t , Joe H ansen. JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 1 Q O.K. I w ant to hand you w h a t ' s been 2 marked P l a i n t i f f s ' E x h i b i t 303 (Monsanto #233610 through 3 #233612), 4 Have you had a c h a n c e t o lo o k a t t h a t 5 document? 6 A Yes . 7 Q I t ' s on Monsantol e t t e r h e a d , i s i t n o t ? 8 A Yes. 9 Q And i t a p p e a r s t o be amemorandumd a t e d 10 J u r e 5, 1979 , o v e r 3 . Edward P a g e t ' s s i g n a t u r e , i s t h a t 11 r i g h t ? 12 A T h a t ' s r i g h t . 13 Q And y o u ' r e shewn as a e o p y ee o r you 14 got a carbon copy of i t ? 15 A Yes . 16 Q Do you s e e t h a t ? 17 A Y e s . 18 Q I s t h e r e a n y r e a s o n t o b e l i e v e you 19 d i d n ' t g e t a copy o f i t ? 20 A No. 21 Q Do you remember g e t t i n g a co p y o f i t ? 22 A No. 23 Q Mr. J e s s e s , I ' m g o i n g t o a s k you t o 24 rea d t h i s document to the j u r y , b u t i t w o n 't be n e c e s s a r y 25 f o r you a c t u a l l y t o r e a d i t now. The c o u r t r e p o r t e r J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E 1 w i l l sim p ly in s e r t the t e x t o f t h is document the same 2 as though you'd read i t , 0.K .? 3 HR. PLESKA: We have no objection t o 4 th a t. I might a sk i f co u n sel is going to 5 mark th e e x h i b i t from p o in t "An t o 11BM 6 where the rep o rter is to tra n sc rib e. 1 7 ^ (By Mr. C a lw e ll) I ' l l a s k you t o read 8 from "A", which w i l l begin w ith the f i r s t paragraph on 9 page 1, and end a t "3" on page 3. That j u s t c o v e r s th e . 10 t e x t o f i t end le a v e s o u t th e r e s t . 11 A ,?C h lo r in a te d o r th o d ib e n z o d io x in s 12 a r e r e f e r r e d to in t h i s memo a s ' d i o x i n s ' u n le s s a 13 s p e c i f i c compound i s m en tio n e d . 14 borne A xiom s. Some c h lo r in a t e d d io x in s a r e 15 e x tr e m e ly t o x ic t o la b o r a to r y a n im a ls and one ( 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 16 t e t r a c h l o r o d ib e n z o d io x in - 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 TCDD) h as some 17 c la im to be th e m ost t o x i c s u b s ta n c e Vonown t o man, a t 18 l e a s t a s ju d g ed on th e r e s u l t s o f a d m in is t r a t io n to a 19 w ide ran ge o f la b o r a t o r y s p e c i e s . P rofound e x p e r im e n ta l 20 b i o l o g i c a l e f f e c t s - c a r c i n o g e n e s i s , t e r a t o g e n e s is 21 and l i k e e f f e c t s <? a r e found ,n some s p e c i e s a t t o t a l 22 l i f e tim e d o s e s o f th e ord er o f 10 m icrogram s p er k ilo g r a m s 23 T hese t o x i c e f f e c t s a r e h i g h l y isom er s p e c i f i c , 24 and some c h lo r in a t e d d io x in s a r e , by com p arison a lm o s t 25 in n o c u o u s . JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE * \ \ 1 2 3 4 5 6 '7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Evidence of profound to x ic ity even of 2 ,3 ,7 ,8 TCDD to nan i s la c k in g and th e m ost s e r io u s i l l e f f e c t c l e a r l y r e l a t e d to human e x p o su re t o TCDD i s c h lo r a c n e . I t i s a t l e a s t p o s s i b l e t h a t [nan i s more r e s i s t a n t to TCDD than m ost o th e r s p e c i e s , bu t the e v id e n c e i s no more than s u g g e s t iv e and c a n n o t be r e l i e d upon. D ioxins are produced in a v ery wide v a r ie ty o f circum stances in n atu re, in com bustion p rocesses of a l l kinds and a p p a r e n tly a l s o in sm a ll amounts (ppb and opc' whenever -iimnle arom atic str u c tu r e s are c h lo r in a te d . A n alysis of d ioxin s a t the sta te of the a r t can be a c h ie v e d a t l e v e l s o f p o t , but t h i s r e q u ir e s g r e a t woy>i.i *; "if th e sa m p le, a d e d ic a te d CC MS and s e v e r a l cV) Vs work, icb a .'-a l y s i s i s n o t p r a c t i c a l on a daily q .c . b a sic, *ith any acceptable le v e l of resource a lio cation . Causes o f Concern - 1. 'D io x in s, the Most P o iso n o u s S u b sta n c e s Xnown t o ^an' Is now a media c l i c h e and e l i c i t s sh u d d ers o f h o rro r a lm o s t e q u a l to "A Sea o f C arcin ogen s* or *Love C a n a l.1 We m ust be s e n s i t i v e t o t h i s p u b lic a w a ren ess and be p rep ared ;;ith d ata and a resp o n se i f *Monsarito d io x in s * rea ch the p u b lic e y e a s they did in the n o to rio u s Sturgeon s p i l l (no m atter what the a c tu a l fa c ts were in th at c a s e ). 2 . A gen cies w i l l be lo o k in g fo r 'd io x in s* JA M E S MAY R E P O R T IN G S E R V IC E <1, 1 w herever they could co n ceiv a b ly be p resen t bearing in 2 mind 1, above ( c . f . FDA in q u ir y o f Krummrich p l a n t ) . 3 3 . In c er ta in circu m stances, d ioxin s could 4 s e n t a hazard t o w ork ers or cu sto m er and we must be aware 5 o f what such c ircum stances m ight be and the e x te n t o f the 6 hazard. *7 4 . Dow fo u le d up th e d io x in ic e n e by i l l - 8 ju d ged b e h a v io r , We m ust be s e n s i t i v e enough to the 9 i s s u e s to a v o id d o in g t h a t , b u t we must a v o id p e n a liz in g 10 Von*--3rr.o by g o in j beyond what Is n e e d f u l and r e s p o n s ib le - 11 in our r e a c t i o n s to th e s e a g e n ts as w ith any o th e r 's c a r y 12 s i t u a t l o n . 13 Ihv Needs - We must e v e n t u a l l y 3s t a b l i s h 14 s p e c i f i c a t i o n s fo e dime in c o n te n t in p r o d u cts and w a s te s 15 th a t c o n t a in them , and where they are lik e ly to be 1 e n c o u n te r e d and f i n a l l y we must c o n s id e r w a ste and e f f l u 17 e n t o f a l l s o r t s f o r th e l i k e l y occu rr-vn c: o f dan gerou s 18 d io x in s and I f su ch occur'run.-:*: -. a t l i k e l y we must 19 i n s t i t u t e a m o n ito r in g program. 20 To do th e s e th in g s i n t e l l i g e n t l y and r e s p o n 21 s i b l y , we n u s t be ar-aed w ith a s many f a c t a s p o s s i b l e . 22 The f a c t s we need a r e ; 1 . A su r v e y o f 23 p r o d u c ts , p r o c e s s e s , and w a s te s and an i d a n t i f i c a t i o n o f 24 th o s e t h a t a re l i k e l y to c o n t a in d i o x i n s . 25 2 , G en eric a n a l y s i s f o r d io x in s in a l l su ch JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE c ir c u m s ta n c e s down to f a i r l y r e a d i l y reach ed l e v e l s (? ppb) and where h ig h l e v e l s o f g e n e r ic d io x in s are e n c o u n te r e d , isom er i d e n t i f i c a t i o n down to ppt sh o u ld be c o n sid e r e d . 3. I d e n tific a tio n o f products fo r which a d io x in c o n ten t s p e c if ic a t io n should be s e t , b earin g in mind th e r e s u l t s o f 2 . and an a n a l y s i s o f p o s s i b l e human exposure. (I t Is probably u n n ecessary, fo r exam ple, to s e t a sp e c ific a tio n for d ioxin s in products th at are only used as Intarm edia te s and where th e end p rocess i s c e r ta in to d estroy them). 4 . I d e n t if ic a t io n o f w orkplaces and w aste str ea m s where d io x in s ;aay o c c u r , and the e s t a b lis h m e n t jf lim its for each case. 5 . '.7e m ust have th e c a p a b i l i t y o f i n s t a n t a c t io n whan q u e s tio n s a b o u t d io x in l e v e l s o f our p ro d u cts a r ise as urgencies - s p i ll s , ex p lo sio n s, 'dshaps, m isuse. We must n o t l e t a g e n c ie s or t h e i r r e p r e s e n t a t iv e s d e t e c t and measure 'our* d io x in s fo r us and then t e l l us the r e s u l t s a r e i n t o l e r a b l e . We m ust be f i r s t w ith i n f o r m a tio n . I t cee.-ns t o me t h a t s e v e r a l l e v e l s o f a c t i v i t y a r e needed - q .c . a n a ly s is p rob ab ly to l e v e l s o f ppb (or e v en ppm may s u f f i c e ) . In v e stig a to r y c a p a b ility in the f i r s t exam ina tio n o f a problem . This must be s t a t e o f the a r t . JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE  1 Response a n a ly s is . This a ls o must be a u th o r i 2 ta tiv e and sta te o f the a r t. 3 Inasmuch as the l a t t e r two typ es o f a n a ly s is are 4 n o n -r o u tin e b u t r e c u r r e n t and c o n t in u o u s , i t seem s t o me 5 th a t Monsanto should have a d ed ica ted f a c i l i t y a t the 6 s t a t e o f the a r t and Indeed, c o n trib u tin g to l t . M `7 Q A l l r i g h t . Mr. j e s s e e , you have Ex 8 h i b i t 303 b e fo r e you . Do you know why you w ould have 9 been a copyee o f th is document? 10 A I can s p e c u la t e on i t . As in fo rm a 11 t i o n a l a s a member o f th e s t a f f we m ight have some f u t u r e 12 need t o be c a l l e d in f o r some r e a s o n , b u t t h a t ' s a l l I 13 can th in k o f . 14 Q A l l r i g h t . And th e docum ent makes 15 r e f e r e n c e to a g e n c y i n q u i r i e s a t a c o u p le o f p l a c e s . 16 Do you know i f th o s e a g e n c ie s m igh t be r e l a t e d to your 17 r e s p o n s i b i l i t y under th e S o l i d W aste A ct or th e S u perfu nd ? 18 A N o, I d o n 't th in k th e y would b e . 19 Q And on page 2 o f t h a t docum ent th e r e 20 i s a se co n d p aragrap h numbered 4 on t h a t p a g e. I t ' s down 21 n e x t t o th e bottom o f th e p a g e , 22 A Y e s. 23 Q I t r e a d s , " I d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f w o r k p la c e s 24 and w a ste str ea m s w here d io x in s may o c c u r ." Would t h a t 25 have a n y th in g t o do w it h dump s i t e s ? JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 1 A No, I d o n 't th in k so . 2 Q A l l r i g h t . L et me have 303 b ack . 3 I hand you w h a t's been narked P la in t i f f s * 4 E x h i b i t #304 (Monsanto #232571 t h r o u g h 2 3 2 5 7 4 ), a n d a s k 5 you to taka a look a t th a t. 6 A l l r i g h t . Mr. J e s s e e , E x h ib it 304 7 is captioned "C hlorinated Dibenzo D io x in s, a P o sitio n 8 Paper fo r C o n s id e r a tio n by M. C. T h rod ah l," and i t ' s 9 w r it t e n ov er G. Edward P a g e t 's s i g n a t u r e , c o r r e c t ? 10 A Y es. 11 Q And i t ' s d a ted Ju n e 2 6 , 1979? 12 A R i g h t . 13 Q And y o u ' r e shown a s h a v i n g a g r e e d t o 14 t h i s d o c u m e n t, i s t h a t c o r r e c t ? 15 A Yeah, i n te r m s o f t h e d i s c u s s i o n u n d e r 16 w h ic h Monsanto was t o e l e c t t o become or g e t w h a t e v e r i t 17 needed t o become h i g h l y p r o f ic l e n t i n a n a l y t i c a l work, v e s. 18 Q Was t h a t a s p e c i f i c p a r t o f t h i s e x 19 h i b i t t h a t you a g r e e d t o ? 20 A No. I j u s t remember the c o n d itio n s 21 under w h ich th e d i s c u s s i o n was b ro u g h t fo rw a rd , and the 22 q u e s t io n b e fo r e the house was sh o u ld M onsanto o b t a in , 23 a c q u ir e and become h ig h ly p r o f ic ie n t in the a n a ly t ic a l 24 c a p a b ilit y o f tra ce q u a n titie s o f m a te r ia ls , and a bunch 25 o f us ta lk e d a b o u t i t and we s a i d , y e s , we th in k we s h o u ld . J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E & 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 l 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ' Or Q Was t h i s a t a m ee tin g or som eth in g ? You s a i d th e c o n d it io n s under w h ich - - A Yeah, The g e n e r a l c ir c u m s ta n c e s I r e c a ll i s , one, should Monsanto have w o r lc c la ss " an alytical c a p a b i l i t y to do t h i s . Q You know why you were in c lu d e d in t h i s ? A W ell, i t has to qo a b it w ith the p rocess a s s o c ia t io n , I g u e ss , and p o s s ib le fu tu re need to know t h i s a b o u t th in g s , w h ich I m ight have some r e s p o n s ib ility . T hat's a l l I can say. Q In con n ection w ith your Superfund and S o lid W aste, th a t kind o f work? A Could be or an Id be the f a c t - - S e e , som ething lik e t h i s , s in c e I had had a l o t o f p la n t e x p e r ie n c e and p r o c e s s e x p e r ie n c e , th e y i n v i t e d me to th is th in g , as I r e c a l l . I t was th a t kind o f a c tio n . Q I would lik e fo r you to read to the J u ry c e r t a i n p o r t io n s o f t h i s from ,!a1: to MR, PLSSKA: And you w i l l i n s e r t in th e r e c o r d th o s e p o r t io n s b etw een "A" and "S'* a s though Mr. J e s s e e r e a d them. A "P repared by G. E. P a g e t. A greed by C. F . C a l l i s , W. D. C a r p e n te r , J . T. G a r r e t t , G. L. J e s s e e H, F. M ieu re. w. 3. P a p a g eo rg e, p. s. P a rk , George R oush, J r . , M. D ., B. G. Ward and M. C. T h ro d a h l. JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE > V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 9 > 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 ! 18 1? 20 21 22 23 24 25 1' i This paper is the outcome o f se v e r a l d is c u s s io n s on th e s u b je c t o f c h lo r in a te d d ib en zo d io x in s and c o n ta in s su g g e ste d p o l i c i e s and recommended a c t io n s . N om enclatu re - I t i s common fo r th e c l a s s o f compounds under d is c u s s io n to be r e fe r r e d to a s ' d io x in s 1 ( c . f . Krummrich c i t a t i o n ) . T h is i s i n c o r r e c t . We a r e s p e c if ic a lly con sid erin g ch lo rin a ted dibenzo d io x in s, and to avoid f a l l i n g in to the trap o f lo o se nomencla" t u r e , thi> w h ole c l a s s w i l l be r e f e r r e d t o h e r e aB CDD1s . ' Of p a r t ic u la r con cern w ith in th a t g e n e r ic c l a s s a r e th e t e t r a c h lo r in e ted s o e c ie s and t h is group (o f 22 iso m e r s) w i l l He r e f e r r e d to a s T fD D 's. Of t h i s group o f 22 is o m e r s , one i<* o f p a r t i c u la r c o n c e r n . T h is i s th e 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 isom er and t h is w i l l be r e fe r r e d to a s 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 TCDD. . Background 3 io lo g y - S e v e r a l CDD's a re a x - tre ra e ly t o x i c e x p e r im e n t a lly and 2 , 3 , 7 , 3 TODD .vs e s - p e c ia lly so . In variou s anim al s p e c ie s , sin g le doses o f 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 TCDD o f th e ord er o f l - 6 m icrogram s per kilogram s produce serio u s and ir r e v e r s ib le changes, ran gin g from death through te r a to g e n e s is and c a r c in o - g en esis to lo n g -la s tin g biochem ical anom alies. K nowledge o f th e t o x i c o l o g y o f CDD and 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 TCDD in p a r t i c u la r i s s t i l l f a r from c o m p r e h e n siv e . Even more in c o m p le te i s know ledge o f human JA M E S M AY R E P O R T IN G S E R V IC E 60 ---------- g % . 1 2 3 4 5 6 i 7 11 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 18 1 19 ; 20 21 1 22 ii 23 24 25 *1 , - ..a*" r e s p o n s e t o t h e s e m a t e r i a l s . I t I s known t h a t th e m ost ob v io u s r e sp o n se I s c h lo r a c n e , and th a t CDD's a r e pow erf u l cau ses o f th is c o n d itio n . Other e f f e c t s o f exposure a re le s s w e ll e sta b lish e d . However, evid en ce su g g ests I n c o n c l u s i v e l y t h a t humans may be l e s s s u s c e p t i b l e to CDD t o x i c i t y than m ost la b o r a t o r y s p e c i e s . In th e e x p e r im e n ta l a n im a l, th e h a l f - l i f e o f TCDD's i s o f th e o r d e r o f 30 d a y s. In th e en v iro n m en t TCDD's a r e more s t a b le , w ith a h a l f - l i f e o f c ir c a one y e a r . They a re fir m ly bound to s o i l and do n o t r e a d ily m ig ra te. In th e a b s e n c e o f p r e c i s e know ledge o f human s u s c e p t ib ilit y , and in view o f the extrem e s e n s it iv it y o f some s p e c i e s , i t i s o b v io u s t h a t v e r y sm a ll amounts o f TCDD in th e hunan e n v ir o n m e n t, in c e r t a i n c ir cu m stan ces of intim ate exposure, or o f abuse or m isuse, or c a s u a l w orker p r o c e d u r e s , may (we r e p e a t m ay), have sig n ifica n ce. Background C hem istry - I t appears th at in th e v e r y s m a ll c o n c e n t r a t io n o f w h ich we sp ea k o f CDD's (p a rts per b illio n and parts per t r i l l i o n , or nanograms 2 p er m ) CDD's can be form ed under a w id e v a r i e t y o f c o n d itio n s . T h e/ appear to be v ery fr e q u e n tly formed by co m b u stio n o f many m a t e r ia ls and may, t h e r e f o r e , be o f u b iq u ito u s appearance a t low le v e ls in the en v iro n m ent. Of im portance to M onsanto i s th e f a c t t h a t i t JA M E S M AY R E P O R TIN G S E R V IC E . 1 a p p e a r s t h a t th e y may be form ed when an y a r o m a tic su b stan ce is ch lorin ated under In d u stria l con d ition s where, fo r exam p le, some w ater u s u a lly contam in ates s o - c a lle d dry In ter m ed ia te s a lth o u g h some ch em ica l p r o c e sse s (ch lo rin a tio n o f phenols under a lk a lin e co n d itio n s (w ith h e a t ) a r e more l i k e l y to produce CDD*s th an o t h e r s . Be cause o f M onsanto's Involvem ent w ith such p ro cesses a t s e v e r a l l o c a t i o n s , CDD's a r e o f p a r t ic u la r c o n cern to u s . A n a ly tic a l Background. I t is im portant to d i s t i n g u i s h betw een d e t e c t i o n o f CDD*s g e n e r i c a l l y , th e d e t e c t i o n o f TCDD's g e n e r i c a l l y , and th e s p e c i f i c i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 TCDD. Many l a b o r a t o r i e s , in c lu d in g M onsanto, can perform the f i r s t two id e n t if ic a t io n s a t h igh le v e ls o f s e n s i t i v i t y . Few ta n perform s p e c i f i c 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 TCDD a n a l y s i s a t h ig h s e n s i t i v i t y . Some t h a t .rlalm to be a b l e to do so a r e m ista k e n . I t Is p r o b a b le th a t Dow can perform t h i s a n a l y s i s , a lth o u g h th e y .-ip n o t do so r o u tin e ly , and th a t the U n iv e r sity o f Nebraska cannot do so a t p resen t. I t i s a l s o im p ortan t t o b ear in mind th e -m atrix In w hich th e CDD o f i n t e r e s t i s foun d. Some m atrices - w ater fo r example - p resen t few er problems than oth ers and Monsanto a n a ly s ts are a lr e a d y cap ab le o f p e r fo r m in g a n a l y s i s o f TCDD in su c h m a tr ic e s a t v e r y h ig h JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 6 .$ & * * , t 1 i ! i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 *1 le v e ls o f s e n s i t i v i t y . Other m a tric es, p a r tic u la r ly p r o d u c ts , p r e s e n t v e r y many more d i f f i c u l t i e s , and we have to a c c e p t th a t in some c ir c u m sta n c e s th e s t a t e o f th e a r t w i l l n o t p erm it low l e v e l CDD a n a l y s i s , and p a r t i c u l a r l y 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 TCDD i d e n t i f i c a t i o n . A d d itio n a lly , ach ievin g the ultim ate in a n a l y t i c a l s e n s i t i v i t y f o r TCDD's i s e x tr e m e ly dem anding o f tim e and s k i l l e d la b o r . I t can n ot be u n dertak en on a rou tin e 'q u a lity assurance' b asis w ith any accep tab le commitment o f r e s o u r c e s , but must be r e se r v e d fo r sp e c ia l circum stances. Monsanto A n a ly tic a l C a p a b ility . A lthough Monsanto a n a ly t ic a l c a p a b ility in th is f i e l d Is h ig h ly ad van ced , and is o n ly su rp a ssed by two or th ree o th er f a c i l i t i e s in th e w o rld , th e re a r e a number o f ways in w hich i t can be im proved, a l l in v o lv in g ex p e n d itu re on c a p it a l and on p r o fe s s io n a l e f f o r t . Recommendations - A ll concerned a g ree th a t Monsanto must have a n a ly t ic a l s k i l l in th is area s u f f ic ie n t to: 1 , D eterm in e TCDD and i f n e c e s s a r y 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 TCDD a t l e v e l s t h a t a r e b i o l o g i c a l l y r e l e v a n t . In th e p r e s e n t s t a t e o f know ledge a n a l y s i s o f TCDD's in term s o f parts per t r i l l i o n , and s t a t e o f the a r t s p e c ie ia tio n o f 2 , 3 , 7 . 8 TCDD i s reg a r d e d a s b e in g b i o l o g i c a l l y r e l e v a n t . JA M E S MAY R E P O R T IN G S E R V IC E 1 1 2. A u th o r ita tiv ely confirm , rebut or pro 2 nounce upon o f f i c i a l statem en ts about the presen ce o f 3 TCDD or o f 2 , 3 , 7 . 3 TCDD t h a t a r e v a l i d l y made and t h a t 4 req u ire fa c tu a l inform ation fo r r e b u tta l. Again th is 5 requires access to a n a ly tic c a p a b ility as s e t out in 1. above. 7 A ll concerned agree th at these requirem ents 8 n e c e s s ita te the developm ent o a d ed ica ted a n a ly tic 9 f a c i l i t y and th a t a t p r e s e n t a t l e a s t Dahm's la b o r a to r y 10 a t .KC l e y con seem s the m ost s u i t a b l e s i t e . I t has th e n advantage o f being both an a ccred ited M oratory, and 12 h a v in g a c c r e d it e d a n a l y s t s , 13 V-j l i e y About A 'ia ly s is - As p o in te d ou t a b o v e , 14 - 'V_* /jo s- 3t2r:sitiv*i a-iai/s.-s l:Jr TC;Df s or 2 ,3 ,7 * , 15 c2 qu ir e s ae ve ra 1 da ys 1 wor k . i t i s , the r*' f or , im16 Pos ib l e , 23 pec la 11 y in the c a :e o f ch 1or in a te d pr oduc 11 17 su ch a s th e chlorop henol;> to c a r fa r o q u a l i t y a su r a n c e 18 a n a l y s i s fo r TCDD or even f o r CDD1.: -.iach b a tc h o f 19 p r o d u c t or t o m on itor e f f l u e n t s o f w ork p lace c o n tin u o u s! 20 f o r TCDD or CDD'3 w ith any a c c e p t a b le commitment o f r e 21 s o u r c e s , The f o llo w in g s t e p s sh o u ld be tak en in o rd er 22 to d e v e lo p a p o l i c y a b o u t o n g o in g Zuit and TCDD a n a l y s i s 23 when th e c a p a b i l i t y i s a v a i l a b l e . 24 1. A l i s t w i l l be made o f a l l p r o c e s s e s 25 t h a t in th e l i g h t o f f e a s i b l e c h e m is tr y m igh t g iv e r i s e JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE Ik % 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 t o CDD's in a w o r k p la c e , p r o d u ct or e f f l u e n t . (R es p o n sib ility : G arrett, C a llis , Carpenter, Papageorge). 2 . This l i s t w i l l be a n n o ta ted w ith any f a c t s known a b o u t CDD's in t h a t c o n t e s t and with" th e circum stances o f use or worker exposure. (R e sp o n sib ility as 1 .) 3. In th e l i g h t o f 2 . a p r io r it y l i s t w i l l be d e r iv e d fo r c o n s id e r a t io n . ( R e s p o n s ib ilit y : P age, G arrett, C a llis , Carpenter, Papageorge). 4 . DMEH (P a g e t, Roush, L a v in sk a s) w i l l c o n sid e r the l i s t by the method o f 'w o rst ca se a n a ly s is ' i . e . where know ledge e x i s t s a b o u t CDD i t w i l l be c o n s id e r e d on the b a s is th a t a l l CDD is 2 , 3 , 7 , 3 TCDD and th a t th e m ost ex trem e human e x p o su r e c a l l e d f o r by product use or workplace p r a c tic e w i l l occu r, and th at ran Is s e n s it iv e as the most s e n s it iv e s p e c ie s . I t Is expected that even In th is w orst case such an a n a ly sis w i l l show th a t CDD's a r e b i o l o g i c a l l y i r r e l e v a n t in m ost c ir c u m sta n c e s . Where su ch a n a ly s is ;oes n o t g iv e reason ab le and le g a lly s u f f ic ie n t assurance (Respon s i b i l i t y : Page, Park) o f the s a fe ty of the circu m stances c o n sid e r e d , th e p r o a ic t p ro cess or e f f lu e n t w i l l be lis t e d a s a p o ssib le for a n a ly tic a l in v estig d io n and the CDD a n a l y s t s w i l l be r e q u e s te d to d e v e lo p a p p r o p r ia te m ethods. JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 1 , 2 To p r e v e n t e x c u r s io n i n t o u n n e c e ss a r y a n a l y s i s - -1i ` .t > a /p o lic y - w ill be developed fo r s c r u tin iz in g such a n a ly t ic a l 3 ` r eq u e sts, ' (R esp o n sib ility for developing d iscu ssio n paper 4 to lead to p o lic y , Page, C arpenter, Park). 5 5 . Ir re sp ec tiv e o f any of the foregoin g, 6 a n a ly ses e it h e r w ith in Monsanto or o u tsid e w i l l alw ays 7 be undertaken a t a s t a t e o f th e a r t la b o r a to ry when an 8 o f f i c i a l body su ch a s OSHA o r o th e r a g e n c y ta k e s sam p les m 9 a t a Monsanto s i t e th a t w i l l be or are l ik e l y to b* 10 a n a ly z e d f o r CDD' s by th e a g e n c y . In su ch c ir c u m a ta a c e a , 11 p a r a l l e l sam p les w it h a u t h e n t ic a t i o n and unbroken' c h a in a 12 o f c u s to d y w i l l a lw a y s be ta k en (as w i l l be th e c a s e 13 when any o f f i c i a l body ta k e s sam p les a t a M onsanto s i t e ) 14 and t r a n s m itte d a s soon a s p o s s i b l e fo r a n a l y t i c a l 15 tr e a tm e n t to Ward (DMU) or when M onsanto f a c u l t y i s 16 u n e q u iv o c a lly in p la c e and c o n f i d e n t , t o th a t f a c i l i t y 17 w ith n o t i f i c a t i o n t o P a g e t/G a r r e t t - DMH. The Mon 18 s a n to f a c i l i t y w i l l a lw a y s be p r e fe r r e d o v er o u t s id e 19 f a c i l i t i e s when th e r e q u ir e d a n a l y s i s i s w it h in the 20 d em on strated c a p a b i l i t y o f the M onsanto f a c i l i t y . 21 6 . Where w o rk p la ce e x p o su r e to CDD^ i s 22 p o s s ib le , c o n s id e r a tio n w i l l be g iv en to a p p ro p ria te 23 m ethods o f a r e a and p e r s o n a l m o n ito r in g (R oush, P a g e t, 24 G a r r e t t ) , 25 7 . In v ie w o f l i k e l i h o o d o f o f f i c i a l JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE 1 I n s is t e n c e on 'a p p r o p r ia te b io lo g ic a l m o n ito rin g fo r 2 d i o x i n s ' ( s i c J ) DMEH (Roush) w i l l c o n s id e r w it h c o n 3 s u l t a n t s w h at may be a p p r o p r ia te m e d ic a l m o n ito r in g 4 f o r CDD e x p o su r e and w i l l d e v e lo p a p o l i c y ." .5 Q Mr. j e s s e e , I w ant to hand you w h a t's 6 been narked P la i n t i f f * E x h ib it #305 (Monsanto #233618) 7 and ask yoi to tale a look a t th a t, s ir . 8 A l l r i g h t . Mr, j e s s e e , you have had 9 occasion to look a t E x h ib it #305, have you not? 10 A Uh huh ( y e s ) . 11 Q And i t , l i k e w i s e , i s on M onsanto 12 l e t t e r h e a d and a p p ea rs t o be a memorandum d a te d June 13 1 1 , 1 9 7 9 , o v er P h ocion S . P a r k 's s i g n a t u r e , i s t h a t 14 c o r r e c t ? 15 A Yes. t 16 Q You know who P h ocion S . Park i s ? 17 A Y es. 18 Q Who i s P h o cio n S . Park? 19 A H e's E n v ir o n m e n ta l C o u n sel f o r Mon- 20 a a n t o Company 21 Q H e's a law yer? 22 A Y es. 23 Q And t h i s docum ent a l s o shows you a s 24 h a v in g been c o p ie d ? 25 A y e s , i t d o e s . JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE * 1 Q And Is t h i s E x h ib it #305 somehow 2 re la tad t o E x h ib it <*304? 3 A I t ' s c o n n e c te d to some o f th a t s t u f f 4 I read about d isc u ssio n s and m eetings p rio r. 5 Q And th a t w ould e x p la in your b e in g 6 on th ere? 7 A Yes. 8 Q Can you t e l l me i f th e p o l i c y s u g g e s te d 9 by E x h ib it 304, or an a ly zin g for these various su b sta n ces, 10 d io x in s and so f o r t h , was th a t p o lic y im plem ented, do 11 you know? 12 A W e ll, to the e x t e n t o f d e v e lo p in g 13 th e c a p a b i l i t y to do i t , y e s , I know t h a t was d on e, b u t 14 how fa r i t goes Devond t h a t I d o n 't know. 15 Q In c o n n e c tio n w ith your b e in g c a l l e d 16 in fo r th e d i s c u s s i o n s t h a t a re v a r io u s l y r e f l e c t e d in 17 304 and r e fe r r e d to in 305, did you lea r n i f M onsanto 18 had in th e p a s t a tte m p te d to m on itor or t e s t fo r d io x in s ? 19 A No. 20 Q You d o n 't know w h eth er th e y d id or n o t? 21 A I do n o t . 22 Q Did you su b seq u en tly learn th a t th ey did? 23 A No. 24 MR. CALWELL: O. K. , Mr. J e s s e e . Thank you v ery much. 25 ____ ________________-- ~ H B " -g ^ -'J g g W ------------- ----- -- ------ -------- J A M E S MAY R E P O R T I N G S E R V I C E 1 STATE OP ILLINOIS ) ) ss. 2 COUNTY Q7 MADISON ) 3 4 5 I , M. JOY SPRINGER, a N o ta ry P u b lic , d u ly com m issioned and q u a lif ie d in and fo r the County o f 7 M adison, " ts te o f I l l i n o i s , do hereby c e r t i f y th a t 8 p u rsu a n t t o n o t ic e came b e f o r e me on th e 1 1 th day 9 o f J u ly , 1 9 3 3 , a t the R a d isso n H o t e l, Room 2 1 5 , 9 th . 10 " t r e e t and C on ven tion P la z a , S t . L o u is , M is s o u r i, . n GENE L. J-iSSSE, who was by ^ d u ly sworn to t e s t i f y 72 to the t r u t h and n o th in g bu t th e tr u t h o f h i s know l~ 1.3 edge to u c h in g and c o n c e r n in g th e m a tter s in c o n tr o 14 v e r s y in th is c a sa ; th a t he vo thereup on c a r e f u l ly 75 exam in ed ur.on o a th , m e h i s =::a u ir-a tio n red uced to 16 w r i t i n g under my s u p e r v is io n ; t h a t the d e p o s it io n i s 17 a tru e reco rd o f th e t ^ t im o n y piven by th e w it n e s s ; 18 and s ig n a tu r e o f th e v !#'ue'-*c war n o t w a iv e d . 19 I FURTHER CERTIFY t h a t I am e i t h e r a t t o r n e y 20 nor c o u n sel fo r nor r e la te d to nor employed by and 21 o f th e p a r t i e s to the a c t i o n in w h ich t h i? d e p o s i t i o n 22 i s tak en ; and fu r th e r , t h a t I an n o t a r e la t iv e or 23 em ployee o f any a tto r n e y or co u n sel employed by th e 24 p a r tie s h e r e to , or f in a n c ia lly in te r e s te d In the 25 a c tio n . JAMES MAY REPORTING SERVICE N IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I h ave h e r e u n to s e t my hand a n d ' a f f i x e d my n o t a r i a l s e a l on t h i s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ day o f Jitiiy, 1983, N o ta r y P u b lic w it h in and f or itha . " County o f M adison, S ta te o f I l l in o i s . JAMES MAY REPORTING SERUirc "sv