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VOLUME EIGHTEEN 1951 NUMBER FOUR 5AN80RN S7VP -f calender at the. plant ot the Delaware Floor Products Co., Vilmington, Deia., producing lead stabilized vinyl plastic door coverings. See page 3. New Use of Lead in the Pulp and Paper Industry .\hW trend Is taking place In the A pit id ana caper industry : oner.'ion :rom urv to liquid alum. The ncfiinrmence. uuikmess and exueiise ii iMiinliiiLt and .-tonne nrv aitim cue mnniea iu the advantage oi the duuni mrm. t' or equal quantities, at iium. n'luni alum is less expensive o use than 'tie drv. Detiverv and iiunuling are vastlv simplified: labor costs are practicudv eiinmiated: pertormance is cousideraoiv improved, home paper mills have reported up to `0 percent reduction in aium con itmption. chile at the -ame time pro ducing a better, more uniform sheet. About two vears ago the Detroit 'tuiphite Puip and Paper Company decided to convert from dry to iiquid aium and installed a complete system to lake delivery right from the piant door to the point, of use in the heater room. Lead Dipe 2 and 3 in. in diame ter. m ,n. wall, and 10-ib. antimoniai -beet lead totaling A1 _> tons were used 'hroughout the svstem. I tperation ot a liquid alum system .s simple. The installation at the De' roit Sulphite Pulp and Paper Companv shown on the flow sheet nas ,J xceederi expectations and given troubie-lrep service -nice it was first installed about 2 vears ago. A 40 per-ent solution ot alum is brought to the mant by tank truck and emptied bv gravity through a connecting length it ordinary fire hose and 3-in. lead pipe to in IH.OOO-gai. storage tank. The -torage tank is an old tile ctiesl completely lined with 10 - lb. antimo niai sheet iead. The alum is pumped from storage to a 500-gai. auxiliary storage tank located at the high point of the beater room. A float switch controls the pump to maintain the proper level automatically. The aux iliary tank is a steei shell lined with !0-!b. antimoniai sheet lead lapped over the upper edge. From this tank the alum flows bv gravity to live 30gal. measuring tanks, aiso iead lined, from where it is drawn orF to the beat ers as required for batch puip proc essing. From the main aium storage tank through the entire sv-tem to the beat ers. the liquid aium is timed through -! percent amimomal lead pipe, joints between sections of lead pipe can be of the \ an Mone type or "split joints" T: e main imum aium storage tank, capacity 18.000 gal. The tile tank u lined with . u -:7a iard lead soeet and inlet ana outlet piping is lead supported in aeet troughs. MACGREGOR & CO. Detroit Sulphite Pulp jnd Paper Com party' < TOO gal. lean-lined .tquid alum auxiliary storage tank. weided i burned l together. In this particular installation, vibration ironi tfie beaters and other equipment wa.a lactor. so split joints were used on the pipe in the beater room. Over long -pans the pipe is laid in angle iron supports hung from overhead. The method tor supporting the pine - an best be seen in the illustration o! the measuring tank. Alum is one ol the important chemi cals used in paper making. It is Intro duced along with a sigmg agent mm the puip beaters to produre coagula tion and fibre coating. It makes :ju. paper more water repeilant and adds strength, firmness and ham'iies-. Alum neutralizes alkalinity ot puip and water, it helps pigment and Idler retention and reduces pitch and stick ing. Raw water is treated with it m the filter plant to remove turbidity and color. Papermaker s aium is aluminum sulphate i Al..- SO, i, I ho H.O >. a chemical which is corrosive to prac tically ail of the common material.- ot construction with the exception of iead and its allovs. L pon contact " uh lead, alum forms a thin protective rilm consisting essentiaiiv ot 'can sulphate L IA25980 a inch successfully stops further reiction. The introduction ot anv prod ucts of corrosion harmful to the puip -lock is thereov avoided. This advan`age is particularly important in the making of fine papers where absolute freedom from chemical impurities :s mnerative. Lead is used wherever liquid aium 3 used: m 1 '< storage vessels. 21 One ot toe no a lined 10 sal. liquid Hum 'eea ranks supplying rite pulp nock beaters, one of whicn is shown. Feed lines are lead. conveying lines. 3) feed tanks and 4i measuring boxes. Employed chiefly for its excellent resistance to the corrosive attack of alum, lead also has other advantages. It has proven to be one of the easiest ma terials to keep clean: it gives ex tremely long service: -It can be re paired in place. In addition, lead is not valueless after its useful service life or obsolescence of the equip ment. It mav always be salvaged at the highest relative rate of anv of the common corrosion resistant ma terials. Lead has another point in its favor: it can be used equally well as a lining in wood, steel, concrete or tile tanks. Tanks ot these materials which are no longer serviceable for their intended purpose, but are still strong enough to hold the load, can be lined with lead and used just like a new tank. This is actually what was done when an old tile chest at Detroit Sulphite was converted to the main alum storage tank. Liquid alum in a lead protected system offers real advantages in economy and efficiency over drv alum methods. This is a fact proven bv the number of paper mills that have already converted or are presently converting to liquid alum. Colorful Plasties Stabilized with Lead Compounds 0.\E of the fastest growing indus tries of this decade is the manu facture of the many colorful and utilitarian vmvi chloride plastic ma terials that are being used for floor coverings, shower curtains, draperies, upholstery, electrical insulation and a host of other applications. The tre mendous growth of this industry, from 1 million pounds in 1939, to liver 300 million pounds in 1949, is due in large measure to the develop ment of stabilizers, made, strange as it mav seem, from the dull gray metal, lead. A description of the manufacture of vinyl floor coverings will explain this strange paradox. The Delaware Floor Products Co. of Wilmington. Del., in the manufac ture of its plastic floor covering FlorEver. uses vinyl resins that are high molecular weight polymers of vinyl chloride or co-polvmers of vinvl chloride and vinvl acetate. In the processing of these resins, tempera tures above 300 deg. F. are necessary and at this high temperature, hydro gen chloride is released which, unless checked, results in the degradation of the resin. To stabilize the resin at the high temperature of processing, it is necessary to control the free hydrogen chloride by chemicailv combining it with a material that in combination would in itself be inert. It is at this important phase of the operation where lead enters the process. --3-- Lead in the form of such com pounds a- the carbonate. Llicate. ^alleviate, or the more basic -alt' such as tri-basic lead sulphate, di basic iead ohthalate. dibasic lead phosphite and dibasic iead stearate, is introduced Into the process and chemicailv combines with the hydro gen chloride forming insoluble salts as rapidly as the gas is released. 0, ithout these lead stabilizers, the end result would be discoloration and frequently loss of strength and flexi bility and other desirable physical properties. Oxidation of the vinvl resins at the processing temperature, another factor in resin degradation, is also avoided bv the use of such lead salts lead ^alleviate and dibasic lead ciio.-phite. These prevent the oxida tion of the resin constituents which if urn-necked would destroy the plas ticity it the vinyl resin. In effect the ead -aits serve as an anti-oxidant. File importance of the addition ol lead salts to the vinvi plastic? does cot end with the processing of the material as their properties are needed even after the plastic material : in the hands m the ultimate con-uiner. Vinvi floorings and most other vinyl products are exposed to sun light and other sources ot heat which, without the use of a stabilizer, would result in embrittlement, tackiness and undesirable color formation. The trigger in this reaction is the ultra violet light of the sun which is an oxidation eatalvst that promotes oxi dation and dehvdrochlonnation. It is therelore necessary to screen out these destructive ravs bv the use of opaque pigments or certain inorganic compounds. Lead salicylate and com plex salts of lead mono-silicate are asetui in this application. R. K. Pe try, research director. Delaware Floor Products. Inc. re ports 'L . -t mav be said that spe cific lead salts are excellently = i:ited 'or use as heat and light stabilizers tor vinvi floorings. Thev combine the necessary characteristics of acid ac ceptors, anti-oxidants and uitra-vioiet light screens." \ inyl resins, stabilized w uh lead, provide floor coverings as well as the manv other uses of this important plastic material with resiliency, flexi bility and most important, the ma terial retains these characteristics al most indefinitely. In particular, floor coverings made from the vinvi resin? have remarkable resistance to wear and abrasion and outstanding chem ical resistance. Floor covering; made from the vinvi resins do not harden or become embrittled on aging and because of their non-porous surface, are easily maintained. Thev are available in a number of colors as well as marbleized patterns, in 'noth vard goods and tile form. Lead Assures Permanent Anchorage in Concrete p \.pTEXI.\G objects to concrete. -tone or brick facings is another one of the many didicult lobs success fully accomplished with that most versatile of the common metals, lead. In 'his application, lead's softness and springless qualities are used to advantage bv the `Cinch" Anchoring o' stem to insure a permanent anchor age in concrete. "Cinch" anchors as they are comumnlv known are rings of lead and ron and made in many sizes and several types to accommodate bolts re-m i red for anchoring anything Pom a backyard clothesline to moordig no?ts for giant liners. In ail ap plications. the calking principle in holes in concrete or stone is the same, a ring of lead is compressed against 'he sides of the hole and over and around a ring of iron through which or in which the bolt is located. The "work - is then fastened to the bolt. In properly mixed concrete or stone, "Cinch'' anchorages will not pull out or work loose. Under severe overloads, the bolt will give before the anchor elements weaken. In a test conducted bv the New York Citv Department of Docks in pier construction to determine the holding strength of a "Cinch" an chorage. a 12 x 12 in. x 22 ft. 10-in. yellow- pine backing log was an chored to a granite coping block on "CfncA" bolt anchorage tor a heavy duty rolling mill gear unit in the plant oi the dlummum Co. of Canada and a cloneup ol one ot the boitt. --4-- ,, 1 A2 598 2 a concrete, waterfront retaining wall. One-inch, three-unit '`Cinch'" anchors were used in 644, in. deep holes in the granite. A vertical pull of 90.000 lb. failed to disturb the anchorage. Noteworthy recent uses of "Cinch ' anchors on Canadian projects in clude the installation of heavv duty roiling mill gear units in the King ston. Ontario, plant of the Aluminum Co. of Canada, and for fenders in the Borden. P.E.I., car ferrv terminal of Canadian National Railways. On the Aluminum Co. job. the gear units were anchored to an exist ing concrete foundation. Holes were drilled in the concrete to a depth of two feet. Stud bolts 21 4 in. in diam eter, threaded at one end and with 2 in. steel collars w-eided to the other end to provide heads for the anchor ing units, were placed in the holes m the concrete. Four "Cinch" Anchor units, each consisting of a conicalwedge iron ring and a lead alloy ring, were placed, one at a time. around the stud bolts and each calked in turn to refusal. After all bolts were positioned and calked in the concrete foundation, a length of swav pipe was placed around each bolt and two feet more of fresh concrete was poured. After this was well set. grout was run in around the bolts to fill the holes com pletely to the top of the concrete. The gear units, which will drive a 1.000 h.p. cold sheet tour-high roll ing mill, were then installed and bolted down. The CNRR job called for "Cinch" Anchors placed in vertical bases and provided added evidence that these anchors work perfectly no matter what the position of the foundation-- side-wall, bottom or overhead. The car ferrv terminal was in use during construction and it was not possible to embed the bolts that would sup port the waling timber in the con crete during pouring as the job had to be completed in short section6. The solution, of course, was to in stall in small numbers as needed, after the concrete was set. bolts fitted with "Cinch" Anchor units. In this manner, erection of the waling Um ber and fender could proceed pro gressively. With this method of con struction. no bolts were left protrud ing to cause damage or be damaged. A total of 315 two-unit "Cinch" An chors. 134 in. in diameter, were used. The two installations described in volve heavv machinery and equip ment. of course. However, the "Cinch" system, as previously indi cated. is adaptable to unlimited ap plication. Some of the article? or equipment ordinarily held secure bv "Cinch" Anchors are: overhead runwavs, convevors, fire escapes, sprink ler systems, plumbing and heating fixtures, electrical fixtures, line shaft ing. ventilating equipment, theatre and stadium seats, awnings, advertis ing sign supports, suspended ceilings and ail manner of machinery. Some Construction Details of Largest Bus Terminal LARGE quantities of lead paint were used as protective coating on it is located between 40th and 41st Streets, and 8th and 9th Avenues. the thousands of tons of steel which Thousands of dailv New Jersey and went into the recently completed New New York bus commuters, as well as York City Bus Terminal, the largest long-distance bus travelers, are being in the world. Officially opened on accommodated in the huge Terminal December 15th. 1950. the Terminal which cost $24,000,000. was built bv the Port of New York The 800 x 200 ft. Terminal is in Authority to provide an efficient and sharp contrast to the skyscraper comfortable union station in the mid architectural theme of most buildings town Manhattan area. The Terminal in New York Citv. but if it were up was also aimed at relieving street traf ended it would reach to 'within five fic ..... '"--lion on the West Side, w here stories of the toD of the seventv-storv RCA Building in Radio City. It was constructed as a four-story, blocklong structure to perform its two primary functions of relieving traffic congestion and centralizing the bus movements which during rush hours number some 5.000 buses handling 120.000 commuters. In addition. 10.000 long distance passengers can be handled dailv. Structurally, the Terminal is sim ilar to a combined bridge and tunnei. The structural steel, most of which is L I4 25 Qe 3 * < v 1 PORT OF NEW YORK AUTHORITY PHOTOS The Port ot \ ew ) ork Authority * A ew. } ork City Bus Terminal, largest in. me world. is shown while the red lead protected steel wort. was in progress and later, a lew weeks betore its official opening. ;n individual beams, is heavier than the steel in the conventional New York skvscraper. Basically, the Ter minal is a steel framework structure, nreproofed with reinforced concrete, with buff-colored exterior brick wails and gTanite exterior trim. The interior wails of the two concourses are fin ished in Hauteviile marble. The walls at the bus levels are exposed concrete or brick. The Terminal comprises five levels: the lower level for long distance busses: the Main Concourse: the Sub urban Concourse: the suburban bus lex el : and the roof, where more than +50 passenger automobiles can be parked in a three-acre open area. The structural steel supporting the roof was made sufficiently heavy to provide for immediate and future loads, in cas-e the need arises to add a third bus level. The floors ol the roof and the two bus levels are ail of reinforced concrete designed to carry a 15-ton bus in anv position on the floor. All of the structural steel received 3 shop coat of red lead paint con forming to Port of New dork Au thority Specifications. This paint was composed of 25 lbs. ot drv red lead per sail on of linseed oii 'a mixture ot 2 parts raw and 1 part bodied oii Sv volume). In addition to the shop f'oats on all the structural steel, lead oaints were used as 'he hrst and sec ond field coats on the exposed steel in the elevated ramp which connects the Terminal with the Lincoln Tunnel. The tables included are the re quirements of the Port of New York Authority specifications for first field coat and second field coat or finish paint. The structural steel in the main structure encased in concrete received a coat of asphaltic Daint over the red lead shop coat. The 2.100 tons of ramp steel work and 9.100 tons of steel in the Ter minal Building were erected bv the Harris Structural iteei Company. The ramp is constructed of rein forced concrete slab on steel girders supported on 55 steel and 28 con crete columns. In addition to the 2.100 tons of steel. 2.700 cu. vds. oi concrete have gone into its construc Two ot the three red lead and white lead paint protected ramps leading from the Bus Terminal to the Lin coln Tunnel. The up per ramp is tor cars using the root parKtng area. tion. Gull Contracting Company was the contractor for the ramp founda tions and Corbetta Construction lompanv built the ramp superstructure. To assure ice-free operation, the elevated part of the ramp is equipped with a radiant heating system and the under part of the concrete roaduav > insulated to assist this svstem. The ~ix miles of heating pipes encased in the concrete will be filled with an oil ba-e liquid which will be heated bv ;!e3m and then circulated through the sys tem. The svstem is designed to mot one inch of snow per hour over a total area ot more than an acre and a naif. It is estimated that approximated 40 tons of lead were used in mop coals and field coats on the steel `or the Terminal Building and the raiiine Additional quantities of lead were used in some of the interior oamt- L I A 2 c 9P 4 tr r 4 4 I i FIRST FIELD COAT PAINT Percent by ITeignt Minimum Maximum Med Lead ......................................................................................................... 75.0 -- Maanesium Silicate .................................................................................... -- 25.0 *\lkvq Resin polio? ann Drier*; ........................................................ 50 -- Ortrnienm I'll inner? ..................................................................... -- vO P5 ~ 30 percent minimum Nme Suiliciem lainn 'dark shall be added to distmcuish this paint from the ?nnp coat. ECOND FIELD COAT OR FINISH PAINT Percent bv K eient Minimum Maximum Basic CarDonate White Lead ............................................................ 40 - !.railed Zinc Oxide ................................................................................. 35 -- 1 hrnme Oxide Green .......................................................................... Magnesium pilicate ................................................................................. Caroon Black ........................................................................................... As required for shade. ` Alkvd Resin Solids and Driers ........................................................ Petroleum Thinners ............................................................................... 50 -- -- 50 Pigment -- 44 to 46 percent bv weieht Vehicle -- 54 to 56 percent bv weight Wt./Gai^= 11.9 lb. minimum ' 4 ;ova oil modified givceryi phthaiate aikvd containing a minimum od 23 percent bv weight of ohthalic anhvoride. The plumbing drainage system re quired 400 lead connections which were comprised of 4-in. extra-heavy lead bends and lead stubs. Lead was also used for calking the underground cast-iron drain lines. As a self-supporting corporate agency of the States of New A ork and New Jersey, operating without burden io iiie taxpayers, the Port Authority was created bv treaty in 1921. It deals with the planning and development ot terminal and transportation [acui ties. and with the improvement and protection of the commerce of the Port District. The Port Authority operates the Holland Tunnel and also built and operates the Lincoln Tunnel and George ashington Bridge span ning the Hudson River, and the Bavonne and Goethais Bridges and Outerbridge crossing connecting Ptaten Island and New Jersey which oins the states into one vast indus trial. residential and recreational area. The hi-State agencv - terminal fa cilities also include the Port Author ity Building at 111 Eighth Avenue. Manhattan, housing the Union Rail road Freight Terminal: the Port Au thority Grain Terminal at Gowanus Bay. Brooklyn: La Guardia .Airport and New Nork International Airport in New fork City: Newark Airport and Teterhoro Airport in New Jersey; Port Newark: New York Union Mo tor Truck Terminal and Newark Un ion Motor Truck Terminal. The construction of the Terminal, which has a volume of 11.376,000 cu.oic feet and two miles ot interior roadways, was under the general sup ervision of John M. Kvie. Chief En gineer of the Port of New York Au thority. In addition to his regular staff ot Port Authority Engineers he was assisted bv Francis G. Garev. 'evident engineer tor the Terminal. Lead-Lined Electrolytic Cells in New Copper Refinery NE ot the world's largest electro O lytic copper refineries has just 2.520 tons of lead, probably a record amount, plus equally huge quantities gone into operation. Located at Gaor-i brick, steel, concrete and cooper held. Utah, and built bv the Utah 'for wiring and bus bars i to make it Gunner Division of the Eennecott possible to produce this amount of ' 'inner Corporation, this great new refined cooper. It also took 16 mil plant will contribute 144.000 tons ot lion dollars. irfined copper to the nations supply The ten buildings that make up the -acli vear. It took approximately new relmerv cover an area oi about nine acres. The largest of tiiese. the tank house, covers some 225.000 square feet and houses 1.3 16 electro lytic ceils. 6 motor-generator sets and other auxiliary equipment. A panor ama of the piant and several views of the tank house are shown here. Operation oi an electrolytic coo per refinery is comparatively simple -- providing the corrosive electrolyte is kept confined to where it belongs. The lead lined electrolytic reds tor copper refining m Kennecoti G-unper Corp. neu. refinery m Garfield. I pic. At right. anodes and cathodes a'e shown in oiace. Peace and quiet prevail as the im pure copper cast into anodes is de posited out as pure copper on catb- vae sheets. All the "impurities' in cluding gold, silver and other insolu ble metals, settle io the cottom ot the celU and form what >s called tin- anode mud nr slimes. Tin. iatei removed m recover the v aiu.it It- in Ont> oj the world's largest electrolytic copper refineries, that of the Utah Copper Division of the Kennecott Copper Corp. products. About 28 days are required io consume one anode during which period two cathodes are produced, requiring about 14 davs each. At the end of this period the cathodes are removed and melted down in electric arc furnaces and cast into wire bars, ingots and other torms. The design and construction of the new rehnerv has utilized the most modern equipment and the latest methods known to the industry. The ceils are 3 ft. 7 in. wide. 4 it. deep and 13 ft. 6 in. long l inside measure ment). They are constructed of re inforced concrete lined throughout with 8-lb. hard lead (3 percent anti mony). All lead joints are welded together. Piping for conducting the corrosive electrolyte and launders and filters for purifying the electro lyte are all either constructed of hard lead or protected with a lining of hard lead. Piping ranges from 5/r in. to 12 in. in diameter with wall thick nesses Ip in.. A in. and 3-g in. The electrolyte is a mixture ol about 25 percent copper suiphate. 18 percent sulphuric acid and the re mainder is condensate with small amounts of impurities. The solution is kept at approximately 140 deg. F. Under these conditions, the use of lead is logical and, as a matter of fact, has shown itself to be the most economical corrosion resistant ma terial to use. Lead has proven its worth in other electrolytic copper re fineries; in most plating operations which begin as a rule with a flash plate of copper; in the phonograph record manufacturing industry and ,n a multiplicity of other industries utilizing dilute sulphuric acid alone or in combination with cooper sul phate. Another important consideration in selecting corrosion resistant lin ings. is lead's high salvage \aiue. The fact that lead has relatively the high est salvage value of any of the com mon metals cannot be ignored when ^electing it for service with corro sives. Th* following articles anti raonnts contain Information, drawings and sgeeifltatfons on the us* of lead products haloful to architaets. engineers and others in the construction industry. They an available, frte of charge, uoon request to the Lead Industries Association. 420 UunQton Aienue, New York 17. N. Y THE USE OF LEAD IV THE P( LP AND PAPER !NDI TRY Detailed description of \rx>us appficannr- of (rati in the cnoOern pulp and pane: mill Cover' il P0es of paner puit) manufacture and Hratroent Deluding autocue a<-id manufacture, ind pu/ping. bleaching ana stork handling Repnntea from "Pacer Trade journal." Oct 26. 1950. LEAD IV MODERN PLt MBING-- THY. WHERE. HOW IT 1? USER 4 24 page Dookirt enniaminc de-c r i n 11 v* mforma 'or plumping intailat lun* in variou* >rpe huu-<5. METAL PROTECTIVE RED LEAD PAINT? The versailiiiv of red lead ;n proirnur primers to meet a wide ranee of surface condition- divine schedules aod economic demand- t* de-rnbrd Reprinted from "Paint aod V.irni>b Pn.duct urn." January. x 951. A STUDY OF PAINTS FOR ENCLOSED STRUCTURAL MEMBERS IN STEEL HOUSING CONSTRI CTION A reprint of i paper wnirh was read before the Genera) Meeting of the American Iron and Steel Institute. Mar J5-26. 1949. which tponsorad the work. The study Included some 34 rinds of paint lyitemi AN INVESTIGATION OF PRIMERS FOR MARINE ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTS Results of an Investigation of synthetic vehicle* and red lead mixed pigment prtmeri over in erposure period of three and one-naif yean tn a rigorous marine auDoaphere Reprinted from "Official Digest ' published by The Federation of Palm *nd Varnish Production Clubs RED LEAD TECHNICAL LETTERS A lenei of technical letters litued by the Red Lead Division. Lead Industries Association The numbers and lilies folio* (Available separate!! i Technical Letter No. 3 -- Red Lead Primers for Altnoipherie Exposure Technical Letter No- 4---Red Lead Paints for Marine Exposures Technical Letter No, 5--Red Lead-V in-i aod Coumiroos Type Painta n f w ma r in e p r ime r s An article on newly developed paint primen 'or metals arposed u> marine stmosoneres wruten ex preasly Jo t the peraoo *bo 1* not a palm technologist Reprinted from "Marine Engineering nd Shipping Renew " March. 1949 PHYSICAL AND CORROSION CHARACTER!?TICS OF LEAD IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY A detailed dlaeuasion of the ue of lead in '-ha mem icai industry presented befors ihe National Association of Corrosion Engineers Conference Aon; '.]-;4 1949 COMPARATIVE CORROSION STUDY OF SOU WASTE a n d v e n t PIPE MATERIALS 4. stu<Jv ucaertas-m to determine the relative mvof corrosion of m metallic pipe material* usee .m suggested for qe in tnc piumoine soil. w*,rf .nj Reprinted from 1949 Yearbook Soctetv of Saouarv E,njiBtennj. CORROSION FORUM -* series of one page articles on the use of lead n * materia) of cnemicaf construction in contact wtip uie following ehemicali (available separate^ : Chlorine 3ydroehlorlc Add Hydrofluoric Acid Industrial Alco hoi, Suiohurlc Acid. Sodium Chloride Sulphur Dioxide Phosphoric Acid Reprinted from "Chemical Engineering " FEDERAL SPECIFICATION WW-P.32S For Pipe. Bend* aod Trap*. LEAD Fart l of Section IV of the Federal Sundardt Store Cataloj. official puolieation by tn* Government Print ing Office FEDERAL SPECIFICATION TT-P-86. Paot; Red-Lead-Base. Ready-Mixed Covers four types of red leed base painu including two 'sst drying formulstlons Many intended ippllrauons listed LEAD WELDING An informative n well as practical guide to lead -aiding Reorinted from the --Veidlng Handbook. Third Edition ' published by the American rveldin Society ETON REQUEST. THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION MILL BE GLAD TO MAIL 'LEAD" REGULABLE. FREE OF CHARGE TO THOSE INTERESTED. AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OUUGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS :9f h PRIVTID IN V n'BUSKtR? P h 1 S 7 1 N C, MW ' U t K C I T V a r