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VOLUME 1 - ; *' f 1953 TR ANSACT-IO GENERAL SESSIONS 41sf National Safety Congress IliiUWHilMUtttBII (Index to Transactions of all Sections) at kac< .of book Officers. Trustees and Board of Directors................................. A,, Annual Council Meeting f; " `' 1 ' . * 3 '' Minutes ........................ .......................................... ..'........... . II * % , The Meaning and Value of the National Safety Council's Federal Charter..................*----- ............... ............. ' 13 :r `Banquet ' , . founding of the National Safety Council ** -------,................. If c Ever Seen a Statistic?.'............--------- '................ . . v 21 Safety Exposition Exhibit!*........... v. .-------- 27 National - Etafatj -.Council OFFICERS. fA *\\3 \ Chairman, Board of .Directors: E. F. du Pont, Director, Employee Relations Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & 'Co., Inc, Wilmington, BeL President:. Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, IlL *! * 4 \ Vice-President for Farms: Guy L. Noble, Managing Director, Nau tional Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, IlL Vice-President for Finance, and Treasurer: George F. Getz, Jt, President, Globe Corpi, Chicago, IlL , Vice-President. for Homes: W. A. Stewart, President, American Optical Co-, Southbridge, Mass. % * Vice-President for Industry: E. C McFadden, Vice-President, Texas Employers Insurance Association, Dallas, Tex. , Vice-President fot Local-Safety Organisations: Robert R. Snoch grass. President, Atlas Auto Finance Co, Atlanta, Ga. Vice-President for Membership: Robert T. Ross, Manager, Employee * . Service,; Industrial Relations, Fbrd .Motor Company, Dearborn, .Mich. Vice-President for Piiblic Information: Boyd Lewis,- Vice-President . and Executive Editor, NEA Service, Inc.. New York, N. Y. Vice-President for Schools and Colleges: Da. Lowell B. Fishes, ' Chairman, Nortlj Central Association of Colleges and Secondary J Schools, University of ' Illinois, Urbam, -IlL v. Vice-President-for Traffic and Transportation: FJtunartc M. KfRML, Director, Traffic 'Division, International Association of Chiefs' of * Police, Evanston, `IIL x *- . V . \^ Vice-President for Women's Activities^) Miss MJjmon E. Mahie, Commissioner of Labor and Industry, State of -Maine, Augusta, Me. ' Secretary: R. L. Forney, General Secretary, National Safety Gomel1, Chicago, IlL Assistant Treasurers: Buford- B. McCulloch, President, Bureau of Safety, Toe, Chicago,. HL; H. H. Gmenwaid, . Director, Accounting Division, National Safety Council, Chicago, IH. National Safety -Council TRUSTEES Chairman of^ the Trustees: W. S. S. Rodgers, Former Chairman, The Texas CoL New York. Vice-Chairman of the Trustees: John Stilwell, Yonkers, N. Y. t Secretary of the Trustees: Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, I1L i Membem , ` Melvin H. Bakes, Chairman, Board of Directors, National Gypsum Co, Buffalo, N. Y. James B. Black, President, Pacific Gas and Electric Co, San Fran cisco, Calif. .' . S. Bruce Black, President, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co, Boston, Mass. Morgan B. Brainabd, President, Aetna Life Insurance Co, Hartford, Conn. - Cason J. Callaway, Blue Spring Farm, Hamilton, Ga. > John W. Carpenter, Chairman, Board of Directors,' Texas Power and Light Co,' Dallas, Texas. William G. Chandler, President, Scripps-Howard Supply Co, New York; N. Y.' " C. Cleo F. Craig, President American .Telephone & Telegraph Go, New ' York; N. Y. - Frederick C Crawtobd; Chairman, Thompson Products,'lot,.Cleve land, Ohio. * ; ; Walter J. Cummings, Chairman, Board' Directors, Continental - Illinois National Bank'-Rnd Trust Ox, Chicago, IIL- - , .. > Harlow H: Curtice, President, General MbtorrCorpL, Detroit; .Mich. Ned H. Dearborn,. President, National Safety (Ex Officio). Chicago, IIL Richard R. Deupsee, Chairman, Board of. Directors, Procter and Gamble . Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. . "L' ' ` E. F. du Pont, Director, Employee Relations Department, Ei-L' du Pont de Nemours & Co,, Inc, Wilmington, Del. (Ex-officio}:,, Benjamin_F. Fairless,'Chairman, Boaril of. Directors, United; States Steel Cdrp,.Pittsburgh, Pa. \ /' ' :% v';. National' Safety Council .... . r':"' /: . ; i Calvin Fentress, Jr^ President, Allstate Insurance Co., Chicago, 111. Francis J. Gavin, Chairman, Board of Directors, Great Northern Railway Co., St Paul, Mina. E. Roland Harriman/ Brown Brothers Harriman and Con New York, N. Y. . ` / Lee Warren James, Old Brookville, Long Island, N. Joseph L. Lanier, President, West Point Manufacturing Co, West Point; Ga. ' * Geqrge.-E. Leighty, President, Railway Labor Executives* Associa tion, Washington, D. C. '.*ar Gustav Metzman, Chairman, American Railway Car Institute, New York, N. .Y. , ;; ,, V , Thomas I. Parkinson, Chairman, Equitable Life Assurance Society 'of the United States, New York, N. Y. , Gwilym A. Price, President, Westinghoose Electric Corp., Pitts burgh, Pa. .j>- Walter P. Reuther, President Congress of Industrial Organizations, Washington; D. C W. S. S. Rodgers, Former Chairman, The Texas Ox, New York, N.-Y. . I-*' '* Herbert E. Smith, Member, Board" o Directors.'and Former Chair man. United States Rubber Ox, New York, N. Y. John Stilwell, Yonkers, N. Y. Arthur E. Stoddard, President Union Pacific Railroad Gx, Omaha,- Neb. ., Dr. John _F. Thompson, Chairman, International Nkkel Co. of Canada, LtdL, New York, N. Y. *> Juan T. Trippe, President Pan-American World Airways System, - New York;' N. Y. , . Thomas J. Watson, Chairman,' Board'-of Directors, International ' Business Machines Conx, New York, N. Y. C E. Wilson, The Secretary of Defense, Washington, D. C Charles Deere Wiman, President Deere and Gx, Moline, UL V'., .* * ' ' < Robert W. Wooqrupf, Chairman, Executive' Committee, The.Gxa- ^ CohtCo, Atlanta, Ga. '' . ' S National Safety Council BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman of the Board of Directors: E. F. DU Poirr, Director, Em ployee Relations Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Ca, Inc, Wilmington, DeL , yice-Chairman: Franklin M. KsxmC, Director, Traffic Division, International Association of Chiefs of Police, Evanston, I1L Members Mas. Alme* Armstrong, Director, Home Department, Indiana Farm Bureau Cooperative Association, Inc, Indianapolis, Ii^dr/A J. James Ashton, Manager, Delaware Safety Council, Wilmington, Del J. I. Banash, Consulting Engineer, West Los Angeles, Calif. ,i * William B. Barton, General Counsel, Chamber of Commerce of the United States, Washington, D. C C W. BwsQmsr, Evanston, I1L E. J. Buhner, Chairman of the Board, Silver Fleet Motor Express, Inc, Louisville, Ky. Alfred W. Cantwell, Director, First Aid, Water Safety and Acci dent Prevention, American National Red Cross, Washington,. D. C Ray Carr, Advertising Counsel, Portland, Ore., Jesse Clark, Grand President, Brotherhood of Railroad Signalmen of America, Chicago, UL ,, Reginald M. Cleveland, President, Greater New York Safety Council, New Ytirk^ 'N. Y.; *-*' / * , Welliam L. Connolly, Director, Bureau of Labor Standards^ U. S. Department of "Labor, Washington, D.'C Dr. B. L. Corbett, Executive Director, Milwaukee Safety Commis sion, Milwaukee, Wls. Charles R. Cox, President, Kemsecott Copper Corp^ New.'York, . N. Y., . .. . /* t . r.* Ernest G. Cox, .Chief, Section of Safety, Bureau of Motor Carriers, Interstate Commerce Commission, Washington^ D. C. R. S. Damon, President, Trans World Airlines, Inc, Kansas Gty, Me National ,s Safety Council Neo-H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, I1L J[. Dewey DotSErr, General Manager, Association of .Casualty and Surety Companies, New York, N. Y. E. F. otJ Pont, Director, Employee.Relations Department, l I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc; Wilmington,' Del. ~ ' * Wallace Falvey, President, Massachusetts Bonding and Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. . Da. Dowell B.. Fishes, Chairman, North Central Association of .. Colleges and Secondary Schools, University of Illinois, Urbana, I1L Kikk Fox, Editor, Successful Farming, Meredith Publishing Co, Des Moines, la. ' ..... George F. Getz, Jr., President, Globe Corp., Chicago, I1L Gordon C Graham, Supervisor; Safety Education Department, De troit Public Schools, Detroit, Mich. Howard Gramuch, General .Agricultural Agent, Chicago & North Western, Railway Co, Chicago, I1L G. O. GaimN, Safety Director, Dsavo Corp^ Pittsburgh; Pa. .... John V. Grimaldi, Assistant Manager, Accident Prevention Depart' ment, Association of Casualty & Surety Cos.,-New York^N.-Y. (O- W. Earl, Hall, Managing Editor, Mason City Globe-GauttefMsaoa "*V'\ '* Gtyr la. . ! 0. R. Haitwic, Cotmdting*5afety Engineer, Crown-Zeilerbach Cor- ^-poratioa and other companies, Portland, Ore... Da. Harold K. Jack, Supervisor, Health and Physical Education, Safety and Recreation, State Board of Education,. Richmond, Va. Harold P. Jackson* President; Bankers - Indemnity Newark, N. J. . Gx, George. A. Jacoby, Director of Personnel Services, General. .Motors Corp^ Detroit, Mich. <. Joseph M. Kaplan, Secretary-Manager, Greater Los Angeles Chap ter, National Safety Council, Las Angeles, Calif. E. W. Kempton, Assistant Vice-President, Industrial Relations, United States Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. " > 7 National .Safety Council M*s. Fred W. Knight, Cartersville, Ga.' Mekwyn A. Kraft, Director, Department of Personnel & Accident Prevention, American Transit Association, New York, N. Y. Feanklii/ M. Kreml, Director, Traffic Division, International Asso ciation of Chiefs of Police, Evanston, I1L Waltz* G. Lecce, President, Walter G. Legge Co., Inc, New York, N. Y. Ik>YD Lewis, Vice-President and Executive Editor, NEA Service, Inc, New York,- N..Y. j E. C McFadocn, Vice-President, Texas Employers' Insurance .Asso ciation, Dallas, Tex. Miss Marion E. Martin, Commissioner of Labor and Industry, State of Maine, Augusta, Me T. M. Martin, President, lion Oil Co., El Dorado, Ark. I. W. Millard, Chairman of the Board, Industrial Gloves Co, Dan ville, IIL Harry M. Moses, President, Bituminous Coal Operators' Associa tion, Washington, D. C ' ^ D. E, MtiMFOtD, Manager "of`Safety, New York Central System,J New York, N. Y. Guv L. Noble, Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, IIL ft Henry E. North, Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., San Francisco, Calif. CurroN W. Phalen, President, Michigan Bell Telephone Co., Detroit, Mich. Harry L. Powell, Manager, Manufacturers Sales, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Mss. Ivy Bake* Priest, Treasurer of the United States, Washing ton, D. C. * Hai*y Read, Executive Assistant to the Secretary-Treasurer, Con gress of Industrial Organizations, Washington, D. C A. V. Rohwedek, Superintendent of Safety and Welfare, Duluth, Missabe & Iron. Range Railway Company, Duluth, Minn. a National Safety Goimdl \ Robert T. Ross, Manager, Employee Service, Industrial Relations^ Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, Mich. P. L. Siemiller, Vice-President, International Association of Ma chinists, Chicago, I1L Lee E. Skeel, Chief Justice, Court of Appeals of Ohio, Eighth Ap pellate District, Cleveland, Ohio. Robert R. Snodgrass, President, -Atlas Auto Finance Company, Atlanta, Ga. Leslie J. Sorenson, Gty Traffic Engineer, Gty of Chicago, Chicago, " I1L ' \ Dr.* B. J.. Stack, Director, Center for Safety Education, New* York University, New York, N. Y. J-. C Stznneit, Director, Accident ^and Fire Prevention, National Association of Mutual Casualty Companies, Chicago, IIL W. A. StewarT,. President*'American Optical Co., Southbridge, Mass. ;: " r- t Rakball C Swanson, Farm Safety Specialist, College of Agricul ture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Col. W. L. Tubbs, Assistant for Ground Safety, DCS/Personnel, ^ftq., U. S. Air Force, Washington, D. C. Arthur W. Wallander, Assistant to .the 'President, Consolidated, Edison Company of New York, Inc, New York, N. Y. ' Miss Judith Waller, Director of Public Affairs and Education, National Broadcasting Company, Inc, Central Division, Chicago, III. C H. Weiser, Plant Personnel Supervisor, Southwestern Bell Tele phone Company,_ Topeka, Kan. Mrs. George Welles, Jr^ Duluth, Minn. Dr. George M. Wheatley, Third Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York,,N. Y.. E. L. Wheeler, President, Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc, Chi cago, 111. `S- Dr. .William P. Yant, Director of Research and Development, Mine Safety Appliances CoyPittsburgh, Pa. -9 / Charles M. Ziegler, Michigan State Highway Commissioner, Lan sing, Mich. 9 27 Safety Exposition Exhibitors EXHIBITION HALL, EXHIBITION HALL ANNEX, SECOND AND THIRD FLOORS--CONRAD HILTON HOTEL Alphabetical List of Exhibitors of Industrial and Public Safety Equipment Acme .Protection Equipment Co,, Chicago, I1L Manufacturers--Industrial Gas Masks and Accessory Equipment. Advance Glove Mfg. Gx Detroit, Mich. Manufacturers--All Types of Work Gloves, Safety Gloves and Leather Safety Clothing. Aetna Casualty Sc Surety Co., Hartford, Conn. Accident Prevention, both on and off the job--Driver Training Device. Alan Wood Steel Co., Combohoeken, Pa. Manufacturers--AW Algrip Abrasive Rolled Steel Floor Plate. Albina Engine & -Machine Works, Portland, Ore. Manufacturers--Swing Stage and Single Mechanical Stirrups. American Abrasive Metals Co., Irvington, N. J. Manufacturers and Distributors-r-Abrasive Metals, Paints, Coatings for Safe Walkway Surfaces. ; American Chain Sc Cable Co., Inc, Bridgeport, Conn. <' "7 Manufacturers--Gtains, Cable and Wire Rope of Various Kindg, and Sizes; Steel and Malleable Castings; Brakes and Brake Controls; Cranes; Hoists; Valves and Fittings. Americas-LsiFrance-Poamite Corp., Elmira, N.Y. Manufacturers--Fire Apparatus and Fire Fighting Equipment American Optical Co, Southbridge, Mass. , Manufacturers--Head, Eye and Respiratory Protective Devices; Safety Clothing and Safety Specialty Products. \ Ampeo Metal, Inc, Milwaukee, Wis. Wumufacturers--Safety Tools Fabricated from Ampeo Metal, Ampeo Beryllium-Copper and Monel lArusal Chemical Co. Fire Equipment Divru, Marinette, Wis. Manufacturers and Distributors--Ansui Fire Extinguishing' Equipment Arcadia Mfg. Co.,- Birmingham, Mich. Manufacturers--Plastic Coated Gloves and-Aprons for Industry. Anar-Stone. Laboratories, Inc, Evanston, III Manufacturers--Bum Ointment and Skin Protective Products. ' Audrvox, Inc, Boston, Mass.Manofactmers--Hearing Aids. W. M. Co, Grove City, Pa. Mannfactorers--liiimsen's Safety Equipment .useh It Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, N. Y. . Manufacturers--Safety Glasses and Safety Eyewear for Every Occupational Requirement Alfred M* Co,, Inc, New York, N. Y. Publishers--Safety Maintenance and Production; Best's Safety and Maintenance Directory. Light Better Sight Bureau, New York, N. Y. Demonstrating Importance of Proper lighting to Industrial Accident Prevention. 3-Tax, Inc, Archbold, Ohio Manufacturers--Tubular Steel Scaffolding and Equipment Portable Steel Bleachers. ,,______ Mfg. Cou, Cleveland, Ohio ... Manufacturers--Ambulance and First Aid Equipment Irady, W. EL, C., Milwaukee, Wis. > _ --^if-StJrloncr Safetv Siens Pipe Markers and Special Markers and Signs. 28 Safety Exposition Exhibitors- Brcck, John IL, Inc, Springfield, Maas. Manufacturing Chemists---Industrial' Hand Cleaner; Hair amid Scalp Preparations. Bristol-Myers Products Dim, Hew York, N. Y. Manufacturers of Pharmaceuticals. Browne, Stewart R.* Mfg. Co, New York, N. Y. Manufacturers---Electrical Safety Equipment, Flashlights, Explosive-Proof and Vapor- Proof Extension Lights. Brutin dfc Co., Xncu, Indianapolis, Ind. - Manufacturers--Floor Treatments, Qearners. Disinfectants, Insecticides. (Buhrke, R. H, Co^, Chicago, I1L ' * Manufacturers--Safety Equipment for Construction and Maintenance. Bullard, ,E. D, Col Franciaoo, Calif. Manufacturers--Hard Boiled Caps and Hats, First Aid Kits, Bdts, Hoods, Gas Masks, Air Purifiers, Bullard-Burnham Safety Hooks. Bustin Firm-Grip Grating Cora, Dover, N. J. Manufacturers--"All-Way" Non-Skid Grating Bars and Products. Cambridge Robber Ccc, Taneytown, Md. Manufacturers--Vul-Cork arid Vul-Cork Neoprene Soles and Heels. Campro Sale* Co, Canton, Ohio Manufacturers--Saf-T-Line Markers. Canfield Oil Ox, Cleveland, Ohio Manufacturers--Oil Absorbents. Chance, A. B., Co- Central*, Mo. Manufacturer!--Hot Line Maintenance Tods and Line Construction Tods. Charleston Rubber Co, Stark Industrial Park, Charleston, 8. C. Manufacturers--Lineman and Industrial Gloves, Sleeves, Aprons, Safety Devices. Chemical Specialties, Inc, Springfield, Mam, Manufacturers--Protective Hand Creams and Cleansers. V Chicago Bye Shield Ox, Chicago, IIL Manufacturers--Head and Eye Protective Equipment. Coca-Cola Ox, Hew York, H. Y. y'*"' " v Manufacturer*--Coca-Cola. ' ) Columbia Glove Mfg. Co2 Colnmbufct'Ohla Manufacturers Coated Glow and Apron*. Columbus McKinnon Chain Corp^ Tonawanda, N. Y. Manufacturers--Alloy Steel Sting Quins. C-O-Two Fire Equipment Co^ Newark. N. J. t Manufacturers--Carbon Dioxide and Dry Chemical Extinguishers and Systems. Smoke Detectors. Cunningham, M. R, Ox, Pittsburgh, Pa. Manufacturers--Safety Marking Tools. Davis Emergency Equipment Ox, Inc, Newark, N. J. Manufacturers--Respiratory Protection, Combustible Gas Indicators, General Safety and First Aid Equipment Detex Watdxdock Corp, New York, N. Y. Manufacturers--'Watchmen's docks. Diamond Match Ox, Springfield, Mass. ^ Manufacturers--Book Matches for Safety, Advertising and Saks Promotion Campaigns. Diversey Corp, Chkugo, HL Manufacturers--Sanitation and Maintenance Chemicals. Docfaon Cor^T5troit, Mich. Manufacturers-^-Goggles, Spectacles, Face Shields, Helmets. Distributors--Eyesaver, Respirators, Plastic Aprons. Down Corning Cora., Midland, Mich. . '' -----------Savers and Sight Saver Qcaning Stations. _ . Transactions, 1953 National Safety Congress 29 Dtmn Products, Chicago, HL Manufacturers and Distributors--Protective.Clothing for Industrial Workers Made from Asbestos, Leather/. Rubber, Neoprene and Fire-Proofed Duck. Eagle-Picber Sales Co., Cincinnati, Ohio Producers--Eagle-Pieher Industrial Floor-Dry No. 85. A heavy duty and anti-skid light reflecting absorbent for plant safety and maintenance. E & 1 Mfg. Co, Bmfbank, CaKf. Manufacturers and Distributors--Automatic Oxygen Resuscitation and Inhalation Equip- Eastern Metals of Elmira, Inc, Elmira Heig Manufacturers--Safety Signs and Devices. Edraont Mfg. Co., Coshocton, Ohio , Manufacturers--Coated Fabric Work Gloves. Efliofct^Service Co., ML Vernon, N. Y. 1 . Publishers--Accident Prevention Displays; Safety Conference Programs;'' Supervisor's Weekly Bulletin; Bulletin Board Service. Emboffiogral Corp. of America, New York, N. Y. Manufacturers--Sign-Making Equipment, Safety Poster Displays, Directory Signs, Visual Aids.- ; - Emerson, J. H^Co., Cambridge. Mass. Manufacturers--Resuscitation Equipment Fairfield Glove .Co,, Fairfield, Iowa Manufacturers--Industrial Gloves and Mittens. FendatH 'Co., Chicago, 7HL, Manufacturers--Head and Eye Protection Equipment. _ .. nell System, Inc, Elkhart, Ind. . # / "** 7 v, Manufacturers--Electric Scrubbing and Polishing Machines and Industrial Qeaning Agents. .,/ Pireye Corporation, Boston, Mass.'- ,,' Manufacturers--Electronic Flame Detection Equipment. | Franklin Reseirds Co,, Philadelphia, Pa. Manufacturers--Anti-Slip Floor Maintenance Materials. Frommelt Industries, Pnhnmsg, Iowa Manufacturers--Portable Wdding 'Shield and Protective Heat Cloth. Gamewell Co, Upoer Newton Fils, Mass. Manufacturers--Complete Industrial Fire Alarm and Watchmen's, Reporting Systems. General ^Detroit Corp., Detroit, Mich. Manufacturers--General Quick Aid Fire-Extinguishers and Allied Items. Globe Company, Chicago, I2L j Mamriacturera-^rip-Strut Grating. , GtoXord Rubber Col, Lima, Ohio. ' Manrnacrtnners--Gro^oni, Raw-Cord, and Neo-Gird Soles, Heels and Taps. Haggard Stretcher Co, Medford, Ore. _ ' Manufacturers--Eirst Aid Stretcher. Haw* Drinking Faucet Co4 Berkeley, Calif. ; . 1 , Manufacturers--Haws Emergency Eye-Wash Fountains and Showers. ; Hewaon, John Co,, New York, N. Y. . Manufacturers--Takk High Speed Static Control Systems; High Voltage D. G Insulation Testers and. Staticators. ' Hild Floor Machine Co,, Chicago, HL ... -/Manufacturers--Portable Vacuum Machines .and Floor Scrubbing and Polishing Machines, for Plant and Office Cleaning and Maintenance. -i HiHyard Chemical Co^SL Joseph, Mo- .. ' Manufacturers--Safe,' Economical Floor Treatments, Building Maintenance, Sanitation JO Safety Exposition Exhibitors HoILand-Racine Shoes, Inc, Holland, Mich. Manufacturers--McCoy Safety Toe Shoes. Huntington Laboratories, Inc., Huntington, Ind. Manufacturers--Sanitation and Cleaning Products; Floor Machines; Special Product Development Hygiene Research, Inc, New York, N. Y. Manufacturers--Protective Creams for the Skin and Mistproofing Cloth for Goggles and Windshields. Hy-Tesfc Diva, International Shoe Co, St Louis, Mo. Manufacturers--Hy-Tesi Anchor Flange Steel Toe Safety Shoes. Industrial Gloves Co, Danville, IIL Manufacturers--Sjteei-Grip Industrial Safety Apparel Hand--Arm--Leg--Body Protection, Industrial Products Co, Philaddphia, Pa. Manufacturers--IPCO Safety Equipment for All Industries. Institute of Industrial Launderera, Washington, D. C. A Complete Coverall and Wiping Cloth Service for Industrial Plants. Insto-Gas Corp, Detroit, Mich. Manufacturers--Underwriters and Factory Mutuals Approved Torches and Furnaces. Interstate Rubber Products Corp, Los Angeles, Calif. Manufacturers--Safety Traffics** System. Iron Age Safety Shoes, H. Childs Sc Co, Inc, Pittsburgh, Pa. Manufatturers--Complete Line Men's and Women's Leather and Rubber Industrial Safety. Footwear. Jones, C. Walker, Co, Philadelphia, Pa. Manufacturers--Jonuc Industrial Gloves and Knitted Specialties. Jones Jr Co, Romford. R. I. Manufacturers--Full Vision Saiety Visor Goggles. JonMn Saiety Appliance Co, InCy Louisville, Ky. Manufacturers-Hfunkin Interlocking Barrier Gate Guard; Swinging Die Closure; ElectroLock Shield; Splint Type Stretcher, Stretcher Cabinets. Justrite Mfg. Co, ChkagOp HI Manufacturers---Safety Cans; Oily Waste Cans; Safety Electric Lanterns;- Flashlights and Fire Extinguishers. Karel First Aid Supply Co, Chicago, IIL .% . Distributors--Industrial Hospital Supplies and Equipment; Drugs, Dressings, Furniture, Instruments. Kdley-Mahormey Co, Lomsvffle, Ky. Manufacturers---Convoy Skid-Proof EnameL * - Keystone View Co, MeadviEe, Pa. Manufacturers---Original Binocular Visual Screening Tests for Industry. Kidde, Walter, ft Co, Inc, Bdkvffle, N. J. Manufacturers--Fire Protection and Extinguishing Equipment Kimball Safety Products Co, Cleveland, Ohio Manufacturers--A Complete line of Personal Protection Equipment 5 Klein, Mathias, ft Sons, Chicago, IIL Manufacturers--Lineraca's Tools and Equipment (, . '\,_y Knapp Brothers Shoe Mfg,- Corp, Brockton, Mass.. Manufacturers--Knapp Saf-Test Shoes. Kunx, J, Glove Co, Chicago, HL Manufacturers--Linemen's, Bridgancn^s and Welder*s Quality Glores. ; y Legge, Walter G, Co, Inc, New York, N. Y. . j Manufacturers--Safely Floor Preparation; Conductive Floor- Coating; Static GroeKwHof Devices for PersonneL ' Transactions, 1953 National Safety Congress 31 , Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Allentown, Pa. Manufacturers--Leather Safety Box Toe Shoes and Rubber Boots. ' " htfpot Schultz Co., New York, N. Y. .anufacturers--Powdered, Liquid and Bar Soap Skin Cleansers and Dispensers. Littell, P. J. Machine Co., Chicago, HL Manufacturers--Punch Press Safety Equipment Logan Emergency Showers,.Inc, Glendale,.Calif.-* Manufacturers--Functionally Designed Equipment for Shower Bathing. v Louisville Ladder;Co., Louisville, Ky. Manufacturers--Aluminum Ladders, Scaffold Products and Related Equipment. Lowery Brothers, Chicago, I1L \yire Rope Splicing Service, :. ..." Luther Mfg. Co., Inc, Clean, N. Y. Manufacturers--Power Press Guards.'" 'Mac'Whyte Company, Kenosha} Wis. ' Manuiacturershr-Wire Rope Slings, Wire Rope and Wire Rope Assemblies. Maicp Co., Inc, Minneapolis, Minn. MaihifacturersTMrAudiometers, Auditory' Training Equipment Stethetrons and Hearing Aids. ' Marsh' & McLennan, Inc,- Chicago, I1L Insurance' Brokers and Agencies. . Martandale Electric Co., Cleveland, Ohio. ~ Manufacturers--Martindale .protective Dust Mask and Electrical Testing Instruments. nry-Young Co., Boston, Mass.' .Manufacturers--Floor Maintenance-Materials. McAOt. Thom, SMetyiShoe Divri^ Melville Shoe Corjxv New York, N. Y. Manufacturers and Distributors--Thom McAn Safety Shoes. McDermott, Julian JL, Corp., Corona, L. It N. Y. Manufacturers--Warning and Safety Lights for Municipal, Industrial, Utility and Avi ation Use. '* . McDonald, B. F., Co.... Los Angeles, Calif.' . ' - Manufacturers and Distributors--Industrial Safety Appiiances'aqd Clothing. Medical Supply Co., Rockford, DL 'G Manufacturers--Flexible Unit First Ai< Snake Bite First Aid, Bum First Aid. MdflextProducts.Co., Inc, Akron, Ohio Manufacturers--Flooring Materials, TratajTand Standing Mats. Metal Arts Co., Inc, Rochester, N. Y. * * tv s Manufacturers--Safety Award Lapel Emblems, Rings, Badges, .Trophies, Plaques. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New-York; N. Y. Educational' Publications and Materials Dealing with Safety. / Micro Switch, Dim. Minneapolis Honeywell Co., Freeport, IB. Manufacturers--MICRO Trip-Electric Clutch.Control for Power Machines. MUbura Co., Detroit, Mich. Manufacturers--Ply Protective Creams, Ply Garb Plastic Qothing, Ply Gloves, Plastic .Work Gloves. ' Her Equipment Co, Inc, Franklin, Pa. ^''Manufactarers^-Linanen's and Industrial Safety Belts. Mine Safety Appliances Co^, Pittsburgh, Pa. o Manufacturers--Safety Equipment for Every Industry. ; National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. National Safety Council. Chicago, HL 32 Safety Exposition Exhibitors National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, Inc., New York, N. Y. Educational Material on Conservation and Utilization of Eyesight in Industry. Newman Mfg. & Sales Co., Kansas City^ Mo. Manufacturers--Newco Combination Wire Rope Clamp and Thimble. Occupational Hazards, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. ^ Representatives: Irving B. Hccter, Edwin M. Joseph, Harry-ETB^rwasser, Publishers. Oil-Dri Corp. of America, Chicago, I1L CJ Manufacturers--Oil-Dri Absorbents and.Non-Slip-Paint Onox, Inc., San francisco, Calif. Distributors--( fox Skin-Toughener for Athlete's Foot Orthopedic Equipment Co., Bourbon, Ind. Manufacturers--Litters, Emergency Splints, First Aid Kits, Conn Tourniquets, Fracture Equipment. Osborn Mfg. Corp., Warsaw, Ind. Manufacturers--Safety Pliers and Tongs for Feeding Punch Presses. Pac-Kit Company, Greenwich, Conn. Manufacturers--First Aid Equipment Packwood, G. IL, Mfg. Co., St Louis, Mo. Manufacturers--`Tax'* Safety Industrial Skin Cleansers and Dispensers. Parker Sweeper Co., Springfield, Ohio. Manufacturers--Industrial Floor Sweepers. Patent Scaffolding Co., In<t, Chicago, I1L* * Manufacturers--Gold Medal Wood and Magnesium Safety Ladders, Suspended Sectional Tubular Steel and Aluminum Scaffolding, Sidewalk Protection Canopies, Sttel Grand stands. . Pennsylvania- Optical Co., Reading, Pa. ^ \ ') Manufacturers--Head and Eye Protective Equipment Permamix Corp^. Chicago, HL , . Distributors--Industrial Floor Patching Material (PERMAMIX). Porto-Clinic Instruments, Inc, New York,' N. Y. Manufacturers-Distributors--Driver Testing and Training Equipment, Glare Recovery and Night Visioq Equipment, Magnetic Traffic Boards, Stoppang^ Distance Meters, Gar- doon Systems, Auto Drive Visual Set, and other Driver Safety Aids. . Positive Safety Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio.' 'Manufacturers--Power Press-Guards. Powder Actuated Toot, Manufacturers' Institute, New York, N.-Y. Association of Manufacturers. Prairie State Products Co., Chicago, HL Manufacturers--'Metal Safety Signs, Electrical Exit and Directional Signs. Protectoseal Co., Chicago, HL % Manufacturers--Fire Prevention Equipment for Flammable Solvents, Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp., Brooklyn, N. Y. Manufacturers--Industrial Safety Equipment Pyrene Mfg. Co., Newark, N. Y. Manufacturers--Diversified Approved Fire Extinguishers, Recharges, Air Foam, Play- pipes,' Systems. Racine Glove Co<, Inc., Rio, Wis. {' , j ,, > ', Manufacturers--Gloves, Apparel, Protective 'Equipment, Leather, Asbestos and Steel Reinforced. ! Randolph Laboratories, Inc^ Chicago, 111. Manufacturers--Dioxide Fire Extinguishers. Wooden Sole Shoe Co., Columbus, Nebr. Wooden Sole Safety Footwear.'  ' ! Transactions, 1953 .National Safety Congress 33 Rlegel Textile Com, New York, N. Y, Manufacturers--Work Gloves and Mittens. T ~ Wood Sprinkler Co, Worcester, Mass, inufacturers--Automatic' Fire Protection Systems; Sprinklers, WaterFog, FogFoam. and -Foam. Rose-Mfg. Co.,, Denver, Colo. Manufactureri-^-Safe-Hi Line of Safety Equipment Safety Box Toe Co, Boston, Mass. * Manufacturers--Safety Steel, Box Toes. Safety Clothing & Equipment Go, Cleveland, Ohio Manufacturers--;Safety Qothing and Equipment for Every Type Industrial Worker. Safety First Products Com,, Elmsfordj N. Y. Manufacturers and Distributors--Dry Chemical Fire Equipment - Safety-First'Shoe Co^, HolHston, Mass. Manufacturers--Safety Steel Toe Shoes for Men. Safety Tower, Ladder Co., Burbank, Calif. Distributors--Tower Ladder Safety Device and Safety Lifeline Lock.' Safway Steel Products, -Inc, Milwaukee, Wis. Manufactarers-^-Sted Scaffolds and-Overhead Maintenance Equipment .Salisbury, W. fL, & Co^tChicago, UL Manufacturers---Linemen's Rubber Protective Equipment Sani-MM, Inc^ PMkddnMa, Pa. Mamifacturers---Athlete's Foot Preventive ado's, A, Son, Brooklyn, N. Y. - Pneumatic Press Controls, Valves, Cylinders and Associated Products. tastrial Supply Co* Chicago, EL ' - loves; Qothing and General Safety Equipment '. ' Scott Aviation Corp, Lancaster, N.-Y. . Maonfactmers---Scott Air-Pak, Demand Ichalator, Demand'Respirator. SdHstrom Mfg. Co, CMcagq, UL Manufacturers--Face and Eye Protection Equipment' ; Sentry Shoe Go, Nashville, Temt ' Manufacturers--Safety Toe Shoes. ,. Sonotoese Corp* Blmsford, N. Y. *' Mamffaeturefs--Hearing Aids and Hearing Test Equipment (Audiometers). Standard Safety Equipment Co^' Chicago, UL Manufacturers ana Distributori--Industrial Safety Equipment Steel Scaffolding Co, Inc, Brooklyn, N. Y. Manufacturer!---"Trouble Saver" Steel Scaffolding. Stepan Chemical Gx* Chicago, UL, -! Manufacturer* and Distrioutors--Dermatologically Correct Industrial Sian Geansers. Steptewm Cotp., Red'Bank, N. J.- ' Manufa^rers--Resuscitation Equipment and Chemical Tests for the Determination of Intoxication. Stonehouse Signs, Inc,. Denver, Colo. . MamffactaftW*-Sted Accident Prevention Signs. ' 4' uwjp-Fire, Inc, BrooUm N, Y.' . MamffacttmtriHrFire Extinguishers, ` Surety Rubber Co* Carrollton, Ohio # ' Manufacturers---Rubber- Gloves and Linemen's Equipment : Surty Mfg. Co, lot, Chicago, UL u------- --J retard* and Materials. 54 Safety Exposition Exhibitors Tiylor, S. G., Chain Co., Hammond, Ind. Manufacturers--Taylor Made Alloy Steel Sling Chains and Tayco Safety Hooks. Tennant, G. H., Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Manufacturers--Heavy Duty'Industrial Floor Machines, Power Sweepers, and Supplies. Timmins Splint Co., Omaha, Nebr. Manufacturers--Emergency All-Purpose Splints. 1 Treesdale Laboratories and Textile Processing Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Manufacturers--Safety Clothing, Chemical Ftameproofing, Mildew Proofing and Water Proofing Compounds. Trinal, Inc., Chicago, ILL Manufacturers-T'Safeet" Protection for the Metatarsal Arch. U-C-Lite Mfg. CL Chicago, UL Manufacturers-VPortable Electric Hand Lamps and Emergency Lights. Union Wire Rope Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Manufacturers---Wire Rope, "Tuff/' Slings and "Tuff/' Towiines. U. S. Industrial Glove Corp., Detroit, Mich. Reconditioning Work Gloves. United States Safety Service Co., Kansas City, Mo. Manufacturers--Industrial Goggles,; Protective Hats, Faceshields, Welding Helmets. Impregnated Salt Tablets and Allied Safety Equipment Vestal, Inc, St Louis, Mo. Manufacturers--Slip Resistant Floor Wax, Liquid Skin Degerming Soap, Floor Clean ers, Disinfectants, Floor Machines. Wagner Sign Service, Inc, Chicago, UL , Manufacturers--Signs--Changeable Copy; Enduronamel Panels; Translucent Plastic Letters. Wash-Rite Co., Inc, Indianapolis, Ind. Qeamers--Processors Gloves, Aprons, and Protective Clothing. Distributors--Gloves, Aprons."''. -. ; Watchemoket Optical Co., Inc, Providence,-R.I.,' Manufacturers--"Eye-Savers" Plastic Eye Protection and Ptasi-GIow Safety Signs. Waverly Petroleum Products Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Manufacturers--Oil and Grease Absorbents. Welsh Mfg. Gx Providence, R. L Manufacturers--Safety Goggles, Lens, Faceshields and Helmets. J West Disinfecting Co., Long Island City, N. Y. ^ Manufacturers--Products for the Promotion of Industrial Health and Sanitation. 9 Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc, Chicago, EL * Manufacturers--Industrial Safety Clothing for Heat and Abrasive Hazards, Wilkins Co., Inc, Cortland, N. Y. _ \ 'Manufacturers-rK-Lens-M Products; Goggle Stations, Lens Cleaner,/ Liquid, Lens Tissue. Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Co., Chicago, UL Manufacturers--Safety Awards,.Badges and Trophies. ' Wilson Products, Inc, Reading, Pa. Manufacturers--Industrial Goggles, Gas Masks, Helmets and Respirators, and Alliec Safety Devices. Winko-Matic 'Signal Co., Lorain, Ohio. ^ Manufacturers--Activating Signals for Traffic Warning Signs; Illuminated Direciiooa. Control Signs. Distributors--Highway Warning Signs; Traffic Marking Paint , Wolverine Shoe & Tanning Corp., Rockford, Mich. Manufacturers--Industrial Safety Shoes. Wyandotte Chemicals Corp., Wyandotte, Mich. ## , Manufacturers--All-Purpose Floor Absorbent and Industrial Qeaning Coffiptftinds. \ 19VOLUME 4 TRANSACTIONS 31 Currenf' Solely Topics in fhe AUTOMOTIVE AND MACHINE SHOP INDUSTRIES as presented in sessions of the Automotive and Machine Shop Section at the 41st National Safety Congress ,1 1 Checking Performance of Process Exhaust Systems. , 4 Hazards in Set-up, Handling and Storage of Power Press Dies... 8 Fundamental Principles of Machine Guarding < 10 f ' NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425. North Michigan Avenue CMfo tl Officers of the AUTOMOTIVE AND MACHINE SHOP SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1 953-54 General Chairman--CARL J. PETERSON, Staff Safety Engineer, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich. < Vice-Chairman--MICHAEL F. BIANCARDI, Mgr., Health and Safety Department, Allis-Chalmcrs Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wis. Secretary--HOWARD M. HUNTINGTON, Works Safety Supervisor, Tractor Works, International Harvester Company, Chicago,-111. Program Chairman--GILBERT A. SNYDER, Supervisor, Safety and Sanitation, AllisChalmcrs Manufacturing Company, LaPorte Works, LaPorte, Ind. Staff Representative--HOWARD H, WARZYN, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Engineering Methods & Procedures Committee--EDGAR 0. PRANGE (Chairman). Safety Director, Bendix Products Division, Bendix Aviation Corporation, South Bend. Ind.; VERNE AYLING, Safety Director, Pontiac Motor Division, General Motors Corporation, Pontiac, Mich.; MERT L CARPENTER, Supervisor of Safety, Plant Protection and Recreation, General'Motors Technical Center, General Motors Corpora tion, Detroit, Mich.; RALPH M. COE, Safety Director, Goodman Manufacturing Company, Chicago, 111,; ROBERT COLLIE, Safety Engineer, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich.; CHARLES A. DeMONGE, Safety Director, Kelsey-Hayes Wheel Company, Detroit, Mich.; WALTER HAAG, Safety Supervisor, Servel, Inc., Evans ville, Ind.; GEO. E HUMPHREY, Safety -Director,. Cadillac Motor Car Division General- "Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.;,, DAylD T. MOULD, Safety Director, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; EDWARD D. (RAHDE, Supervisor of Safety,*Wcstinghouse Air Brake Co., Wilmerding^ Pa.; WILLIAM p. SMITH, Safety Director, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich.; GILBERT(F. TYLER, Ford Instru- ' ment Company, Division of the Sperry Corp., Long Island City, N.-Y. Education and Training Committee--W. C BARBER (Chairman), Asst Director of Engi neering, Michigan Mutual Liability Company,. Detroit, Mich.; -S. B. HOPPING, Asst 'Mgr.--Safety and Claims, .American Car and Foundry Go., New York, N. Y.; JOHN E. KANE, Supervisor of Safety, Temstedt Division, General Motors Corporation, Trenton Plant, Trenton, N. j.; WILLARD A. KERR, Associate Professor, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, III.; TRUMAN L. KING, Personnel Relations-Mgr, Wagner Electric Corporation, St Louis, Mo.; PAUL KRAMOS, Chief Plant Safety Engineer, Butler Manufacturing Co., Kansas Gty, Mo.; F. B! McNAMEE, Safety Director, Clayton & Lambert,Mfg. Company, Louisville, Kyi; *J. E. MOORE, Corporate Service, Ino, Detroit Mich.; O. J, PICKED, Safety Supervisor, Wagner Electric Corp, St Louis, Mo.; WOODROW W. WILSON,' Safety Director, Packard Motor Car V Company, Detroit, Mich.; *E. CLARK WOODWARD, Director of Safety, A. 0. SMITH Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis.; FRED G. YELTON, Director of. Safety, Deico-Remy Division, General Motors Corporation, Anderson, Ind. 'calth Maintenance Committee--WILLIAM G. HAZARD {Chairman), Industrial Rela tions Division, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Toledo, Ohio; O. C. BOILEAU, Man ager-Safety & Health Section, Radio Corporation of America, RCA Victor Division, Camden, N. J.; HARRY B. BURR, Business Manager, Medical Administrative Depart ment, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; LESTER V. CRALLEY, Industrial Hy gienist, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; *GEO. F. NUERNBERGER; Safety Engineer, A. B. Dick Company, Chicago, `111.; FRANK A. PATTY, Head, Industrial Hygiene Department, Research Laboratories Division, General Motors Cor poration, Detroit, Mich.; J. C. RADCLIFFE, Supervisor--Industrial Health Unit, Medical Section, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich.; H. W. SPEICHER, Indus trial Hygiene Engineer, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pa. Membership Committee--WILLIAM E GRUBER (Chairman), Manager, Safety Engr. Dept, Standard Accident Insurance Co., Detroit, Mich.;. WARD Hi ANDREWS, Safety Supervisor, J. I. Case Company, Bettendorf; Iowa; FRANK A. FISKE, Safety Director, The Brewer-Titchener Corporation, Cortland, N. Y.; *F. H. HUMPHREYS, Manager, Property Department, American Car and Foundry Co., New York, N. Y.; B. J. POVOLNY, Personnel Supervisor, Detroit Diesel Engine Division, General Motors Corporation, Wayne, Mich.; GERALD C. SQUIER, Asst. Safety Engineer, Chrysler Division, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; *J. W. YOUNG, International^ Harvester Company, Chicago. 111. \ (. `Committee Advisor and Past General Chairman 4 Automotive and Machine Shop Industries Checking Performance ol Process Exhaust Systems By. W. G. HAZARD Dir., Industrial Hygiene, Owens-IUinoi* GUt* Gx, Toledo, Ohio Some two-and-a-haif years ago the Health , portxnent, and the above books handle thes Maintenance `Committee of this section un aspects1 thoroughly. Little has been writte dertook to develop a data sheet on the main however, directly for the safety engineei tenance of local exhaust systems. The job b What axe his responsibilities? What b hi now about completed, with the help of the role, when the engineering phases are-handle whole committee, and your program chair by die plant engineer? man has asked that we give you a preview Thb data sheet b written for the safet of it engindfr. It does not cover detailed desigi Purpose instrumentation or maintenance. It contain The purpose what different *.3 of the data sheet b some from that of fnost articles only such background principles, and coir ments on popular fallacies, as are needed fc slut stave appeared on exhaust systems. What's made this possible has been the the safety man to work profitably with th engineer and department supervisor. timely appearance in the last few years of outstanding books on the technical design of exhaust systems. Among these publications are: What Can Safety Engineer Do About Exhaust Systems? 1. Air samples: Exhaust systems that at meant to control a health hazard succeed c 1. Manual of industrial Ventilation (1952) fail according to how well they keep the a. American Conference of Governmental contamination in the workroom below dai Industrial Hygienists gerous levels. Usually thb can be detci 2. Industrial Health Engineering (1947) mined only by air samples and analyses th: actually measure the amount of the harmft A. D. Brandt agent in the air. Method used varies accon 3. Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology (1948) iFrank A. Patty, Ed. (Chapter 10-- Ventilation, by W. N. Witheridgc) ing to whether the material b silica dus `or other toxic dust; vapor, as from a solve or de^reaser; fume,, as from welding; gai or even hot air--for the latter cap be class? 4. Exhaust Hoods (1952) J. M. DallaValle as a contaminant, and exhausted to the ou doors. When the plant has ncTfull-time industri 5. Accident Prevention Manual (1951) hygienist, as most plants do not, the safe National Safety Council (Chapter 21 --Industrial Health Engineering) engineer should arrange for these tests. Th? are Ms responsibility rather than that of th plant engineering department 6. Ventilaiion Such tests are not needed when the cor W. C L. Herneon t 7. industrial Dusts (2d edition) Phillip Drinker and T. F. Hatch To be published taminant b not harmful, as with wooddus lime, coal, and other nootoxic materials. 2. Plan: For existing exhaust systems th safety engineer should get a simple sketc of the layout 1 his need not be a woridn 8. Design data published by numerous man ufacturers, such as American Blower Corporation, American Air Filter Com pany, Buffalo Forge Company, Westinghouse, and others. blueprint or -even to scale. An example of simple line drawing is given in the dat sheet AH that needs to be shown b tfc order in which brandies come off, the mai duds, diameters of all ducts, arrangement c fan and collector, size of fan and moto. The first design and technical mainte and if- possible, overall rate of air flow an nance of exhaust systems falls in the lap of static pressure as specified by the design? the plant maintenance or engineering de- of the system. Checking Performance of Process Exhaust Systems 5 FORM 1--Safety Engineer's Inspection Report i point Condition of hood and branch (Battered? removed? plugged? repair?) A B C D E F G H Filter resistance (J)-(H) Static press, (inches water) Originally Checked 2.1 ZO 'i zs 2.1 22 5.0 8.0 3.0 Material collected Hours of Interval between since last check ________ lbs. operation _------------ reg. shakings -------------- hrs. Comments of men, and Your comments (use back, if necessary): ______------------ 3. Test hales: In each branch, near the Certain other defects, which can be checked hoods,, at the collector intake, and at the fan merely by looking should be noted: bent or intake, the safety engineer should have simple battered hoods, new branches that may have test holes, about "if", in diameter, * drilled. These should be numbered serially with pain! or tags, and on his sketch of the p' '\ he should mark the approximate lor r a of each hole, with its number. been added, changes inxthe process, etc ,, S. Meaning of U-tube readings: Knowing what the static pressures were when the system was properly balanced, changes from these falues show if and where trouble 4. Portable (J-tube: He should then equip develops.- irnself with a U-tube or water manometer, For example: The increased reading in the riter connecting one leg of the manometer first .branch, with other readings remaining o a piece of rubber tubing, he can hold the normal, shows something is plugging that ither end of the tubing over each test hole branch between the test hole and hood. n order and measure the static pressure or motion. A decreased reading in the branch would mean there. is some obstruction farther-' up If the system is new, he should see that the branch, that is, between the test hole and ihe plant enMneering department "balances" the main duct or header. the air flow from each branch--which means Decreased readings in several branches that the correct amount of air flow, as called and near normal readings would result if the for by die designer, is passing through eacfr- header was partially ' plugged in brandies branch. If the contaminant is a health haz nearer the dust collector when the header ard, air samples, taken after baiandng the leading to the collector becomes * plugged. system, will tell the safety engineer whether There will be increasedVeanings on both control of the air pollution has in fact been sides of the collector. \ established. From then on, assuming no A partly plugged arrester would result in changes are made in the hoods, piping or a decreased reading upstream and an in process, he can be assured that the equipment creased reading downstream. is continuing to work right, if rechecks at Decreased fan capadty due to slipping fan the test , holes give him the same static pres belt,-dirty or worn blades, disjointed pipe sure readings as the initial ones. between fan and arrester, or an open dean- Rechecks with the U-tube should be.made out door would give the decreased suction gularly, probably at intervals of not over readings throughout the system. a month. He should have a mimeographed Thus relative changes in readings at dif form to record permanently the current ferent test holes can be used to track down readings, so they am be compared with the the trouble. initial readings.' These suction rechecks make Certain absolute values are important too. it unnecessary to take frequent air samples. For example, although * suction at a hood is 6 Automotive and Machine Shop Industries no guarantee that the hood will control the contaminant, still some state codes do re quire that a certain minimum negative pres sure be present, often 2" water gauge. The safety engineer should have a copy of codes applying to exhaust systems (usually admin istered by the state Labor department). He should see that their suction requirements' arc met. 6. Repair orders: .When maintenance work is needed, the safety engineer should see that the proper wc^rk orders are processed, following whatever4s his plant's usual pro cedure for this. Role of Plant Engineer Some may) think monthly inspections of exhaust system performance, including meas uring the static pressure, are more the re sponsibility of the plant engineer than of the safety engineer. Experience lias shown, however, that unless the safety man takes this equipment under his wing, it will often lie neglected. This happens for two reasons:' first, most local exhaust systems are not production equipment; if they were they would be assured of regular care. Second, while they are a collection of sheet metal, fans, motors and other mechanical devices, which are engineering in nature, their basic purpose is to improve the comfort or safe guard the health of the people on the job. This aspect is definitely* the worry of the safety man, and only indirectly of the plant engineer. The fact is, a system can be mechanically OK. in that the piping is tight and well sup ported, the fan is properly chosen, the bear ings are well greased, the motor is not overloaded, etc., and yet the system is a failure. It's a failure because it does not succeed in making the air safe which the men breathe. This is the "proof of the pudding"--and the safety engineer (or in dustrial hygienist) is in the best position, through his air samples and other tests, to see that the equipment does really dean up the workroom air. There are of course, certain inspections 'that the plant engineer should make, just as he would with any other moving machinery. On regular schedule he must lubricate the fan and motors, check rapping mechanism of the filter, inspect the latter for leaky bags, check any motor-driven dampers, etc. --and repair them, when necessary. Facta and Fallacies for Safety Engineer to Remember Production people and even engineers have misconceptions sometimes, for which safety engineers should be on guard. Here are a few: 1. Performance Guarantee: Since the safety engineer is concerned with unsafe work corfditions, he should do all he can to see that the purchasing department, when placing an order for a local exhaust system, has a performance guarantee written in. 2. Adding Hoods: Many a first-class ex haust system is made ineffective by the hit-or-miss adding of new hoods in later years. Be sure the plant engineer checks the system to see it will handle the extra load 3. Makeup Air: Getting makeup air, tem pered in winter, into a room is^sometimes a more perplexing problem than the'exhaust system itself. Be sure this problem is solved beforehand. 4. Explain to Employees: The man on the job must understand the reasons for the exhaust system, and how to operate it, if it is to give him full protection. The safetj engineer can assist the supervisor in giving this .explanation. Better yet, consult the men before the final design is agreed on--so there will be the least amount of interference with his work from hoods, enclosures, etc. 5. Smoke Tubes: One of the handiest gadgets the safety engineer can have is a smoke tube (available commercially) to show the**tth of air currents as they enter the lioodj. With' it he can often convince the operator of the importance of baffles, close ness of hood to dust source, etc 6. Fallacy of Heavy Vapor: Because some vapors like benzol, trichlorethylene, carbon' tetrachloride, and the like are heavier than air, many people think downdraft ven tilation or hoods at floor level are a must The fallacy is that .vapors coming from a process do not persist for long in an undi luted state They are soon mixed with air, by random wind and convection cufrents. Once mixed, they don't normally settle out to form a heavy, concentrated layer at the floor. A concentration of 10db ppm of benzene is 25 times the maximum allowable limit, by health standards. It is far more concentrated than would be permitted in any workroom t Checking Performance of Process Exhaust Systems 7 Yet, this mixture is only 0.17 per Cent heav ier than air, .even though pure benzene vapor iV three times heavier than air. Thus ratio of weight of air to weight of the u...zene-air mixture is only 100 to 100.17. There could never be any sinking or strati fying of this 1000 ppm mixture. A side or lock hodd would be just, as effective as a downdraft hood. 7. Fallacy of MSucking" the Contaminant Into Hood: Because people can; feel air blowing out of an air line some feet away from the end of the pipe, they think that dust-laden air can be sucked into an exhaust hood from several feet. away. This is not true. Air can be sucked only one-thirtieth of the distance it can be blown. In exhausting, the air velocity has fallen to 10 per cent, at a distance of only one pipe diameter out from the end of -the pipe; in blowing, this 10 per cent figure is reached some 30 diam eters out from the end of the pipe. Suppose for example, we have a six-inch pipe suck ing air in so the pipe velocity is 4000 feet per minute. Only six inches out from the "sucking" end of the pipe the velocity will be a mere 400 feet per minute--hardly enough to feel But at the blowing end, this 400 fpm velocity will not be reached until you go 30 diameters, or IS feet away from the pipe end. r This misunderstanding also crops up when installing propeller fans in walls or windows to provide ventilation. Such fans are incap able of withdrawing air directly from any operation in the center of the room, or in fact, from any area more than a foot or two from the fan. Beyond that they act only by diluting the room air by drawing in masses of makeup air through doors and windows. VOLUME 5 1953 TRANSACTIONS ouotHiroimmTOimsTOiiiermmiranuninmffiiignninitiiiiiuniimiiiiniiiiinmiminfnininnnuiiiitiHiiuHniifiiiiiHiiiiiuiinutmunjuirntmmfHiiniHinmiimni^ | Current Safety Topics in the 1 CEMENT I AND QUARRY 1 INDUSTRIES r as presented in sessions of the Cement and Quarry Section ( at the 41st National Safety Congress IV A Cement Executive's Attitude Toward Safety. V . .. A Crashed Stone Superintendent's View of Safety. A Quarry Foreman's Part in-o- Safety Program Pre-Placement and Periodic Medical Examinations. Operation of a Plant Dispensary and Tie-in with General Public Relations................. Safety Inspections with a Camera. 10 12 15 21 4 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 North MicchhiiggkWn Avenue Chiago VOLUME 8 1953 TRANSACTIONS /1 13S!5M!W5* Current Safety Topics in the CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY as presented in sessions of the Construction Section at the 41st National Safety Congress Analysis and Explanation of National Safety Council Construction Safety Materials...... ............................................... 4 Applying Engineering Principles to Construction Safety................. 7 ^Practical Safety Education in Construction...................................... 10 Enforcement of Safety Practices in Building Construction........... 13 Safety Enforcement in Highway Construction......................... ........ 14 Enforcement of Safety Practices in Heavy Construction':-............. 17 The Insurance Company's Part in Keeping the Contractor Competitive ................ ............................................. 20 Job Placement Physical Examinations (Panel Discussion).............24 NATIONAL; SAFETY COUNCIL 425 North Mkbtgoa Avon Oiogo tut Enforcement of Safety Practices in Heavy Construction 17 to do this, we will find that additional .lation at the state level and additional iegislation at the federal level will be passed which eventually will place the formulation and investment of safetymeasures in the hands of the government. Needless to ,reiterate, this legislation need not and should not be enacted. Enforcement of Safety Practices in Heavy Construction ' By JAMES G. McFARLAND Safety Eng,, American Bridge Div., U. S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Since safety, in operations as well as con struction, has become a "must," the Ameri can Bridge Division of the U. S. Steel Cor poration, fully aware of the growing needs of a growing organization, has carefully chosen full-time safety engineers for their various projects, from the ranks of experi enced men in the field of construction. This method of appointment has resulted in radical cHanges in the operating methods of the organization, in relation to safety. It is well to bear in mind that in steel erec tile safety program varies, depending , m the type of. bridge or building to he erected. For example, sometimes, we use a "hi-line" in erecting a bridge, .or a traveler, and sometimes a derrick car,-and then we have different types of false-work. General Safety Rules apply to all types of construc tion, but where different hazards exist that are not in- the normal course of certain types of construction, then the safety program must be geared to that particular operation. When constructing a tiered building with a guy derrick, in a congested area, you will find that we are,overburdened with sidewalk superintendents; therefore, we are con fronted with the problem of protecting this .curious public from possible injury. Actually, our safety program begins the moment the plans for the job start to mate rialize in the drafting rooms, because here it is.decided what equipment is to-be used, and how it will be utilized to the best ad vantage lot the desired results, and for the safety of the men on the job. So you can see that a safety program starts, not in the field, but at top management level. 'Let us assume that- our organization lias <en awarded the contract The first man to move out to the new site is a representative of the casualty department for the purpose of making medical arrangements. Upon his arrival at the new project, he first determines the location of the nearest hospital, then arranges for .ambulance ,service. His next step is to arrange for the services of an eye doctor, and a surgeon. You will note here that I specified a surgeon, and, if possible, one with experience in industrial accidents. There are two reasons for this: first, the injured man's family is anxious to know that he has the best-avaUpble care, and by choos ing a reputable"; surgeon, we are able to assure his people ` that everything humanly possible is being-done for. the breadwinner of the family. Secondly we wish to build-up good relations with our employees, and by assuring them that their safety is our busi ness, they will know that a safe job is a good job. \ In order to bring home to you some con crete examples: of education and enforce ment in safety in all its phases, I would like to dwell briefly on my experiences during the erection of the Fairless Works at Morrisville, Pennsylvania, during the past two-andone-half years. When that job first started, we had over 200,000 tons to erect. We actually have erected even more. For the sake of mobility, we -broke that figure down into seven sep arate units, with a superintendent in charge of each unit. In order to man these various units, we had over 64 pieces of erection equipment, including guy derricks, travelers, Manitowocs, crawler cranes ad3Ltfttck cranesr-- and so forth. We had ove^f 1,200 men, ^in cluding 97 foremen, to' keepMhc [pb boiling- and to man the equipment. The task of equipping over 1,200 men with safety equipment can *be quite a job. The method we used proved to be a most effec tive one. Every man who was employed by the American Bridge Division, after being signed up, was sent through the safety engi- VOLUME 9 1953' TRANSACTIONS Current Safety Topics in the ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY os presented in sessions of (he Electrical Equipment Section m at the 41 si National Safety Congress i * Si- Electric Hand Tools Are Safe \ If It Happens.................................................................... .. 3 6. Why Is Electric Shock Serious? 6' NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 North Mkhipa Avmm Chkafdil; III . O <"3 Officers of the ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1 953-54 Chairman--MYRON L. MILLER, Supervisor of Safety, Wcstinghousc Electric Corpora tion, East Pittsburgh, Pa. I ice-Chairman of Radio, Electronics and Lamp Division--j. 1. LAWLER, Safety Engineer. Sylvania Electric Products, Inc., Emporium, Pa. I 'icc-Chairman Heavy Apparatus Division--FRED GASS. Supervisor of Safety, General Electric Company, Lynn, Mass. i Vice-Chaimum Appliance and Light Apparatus Division--JAMES WALDRON, Safety Engineer, Packard Electric Division; General Motors Corporation, Warren, Ohio. Vice-Chairman Electrical IVire and Cable Division--PETER CONTARDO, Safety-Direc tor, John A. Roebling's Sons Co., Trenton, N. j. 1. 10 . idiitmu tQmumiuti iu iuiii iuiuti iimuummiu iimtii imm imu tmuiuuiuimmumuu imuunmmuuuum'u VOLUME 15 1953 TRANSACTIONS Currenf'Safety 'Topics in INDUSTRIAL NURSING as presented in sessions at the industrial Nursing Section at the 41si National Safety Congress c Annual Report ................ ........................ .................................... v,- . 3 Safety from the Standpoint of the Psychiatrist............................ 4 -o Medical Care of Employees.. 1r.\...................... .......... M r. ' '. The Industrial Nurse's Part in Safety.............................................. 17 MATiOMAt SAFETY COUNCIL '425' North Michigan ktesm * Chicago II11 uauaiuiiuiiiiiiiiiiiimu iH tQuinu imuiiiuaiuutiimuinuu imuii imi imiiiuiifM VOLUME 16 1953 TRANSACTIONS Current Topics in INDUSTRIAL SAFETY os presented in the Subject Sessions at the 41st National Safety Congress American Society of. Safety Engineers Annuel Meeting ...... ........................ i..................................................... The Function of Safety Engineering in Accident Prevention Program*........ 4 6 Basic Factors in Safety Training--Today anti Tomorrow _ Training for Today'* Safe Living.......................................................... .. The Engineering College Meets Tomorrow's Challenge. ............ . 10 IS Electronic Inspection and Testing of Equipment Testing Wire Ropes by Electronic Methods................................................ Use of Various Electronic Methods and Instruments in Plant Operations. .. 17 21 Getting the-Most from Your Council Membership How to Tailor Membership Service to Tour- Organisation .and Operation.. How to Get More for Your Dues Dollar................. ........... ............. . Effective Programming of Supervisor and Employee Training Aids.:......... 26 28 30 . Industrial Electrical Problems Grounding of Equipment in Industrial Plants............. . The Hazards of Low Voltage Electric Shock........... (Continued on otii page) 35 40 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 North Michigan Avenue Chicago It IB- ' ' a*' -,j ,