Document oDLmwjVDzdkYpZ1V2L3xoXdXR

RESULTS OF U.S.P.H.S. PERSONAL AIR SAMPLES P?81-229544 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT ___SF-7Q-7____ RUBERQID CORPORATION St. Louis, Missouri January, 1967 motcto BY national technical informationservke  3077)-<pt' ______________________;I____________________________________________ ~ ` REPORT DOCUMENTATION .*ttPOrr no. .PAGE IWS-32.38a 4. T>1la and SuMRta 2. NA Results of U.S.P.H.S. Personal Air Samples at Ruberoid Corporation, St. Louis, Missouri 7. Authorial Anonvmous . f. Performing Organisation Hama and Address NI0SH, Industrial Hygiene Section, Industry-wide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluation and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio 12. Sponsoring Organization Nama and Address Same as Above NIOSH-OOl05228 Aectt>w Nt. "WM ?29 5U CL Report Data January. 1967 . NA S. Performing Organization Rapt. No. * NA 10. Pmjact/Tosb/Wor* Unit No. NA 11. Contraet(C) or CrantfCl No. 03 NA cq U. Typo of Raport' A Period Covered Industry-wide Study " NA 1& $4ippimtnUry Nolti NA 1C. AMnCt (limit: 200 words) Air sampling for asbestos (1332214) dust was performed by the United States Public Health Service at the Ruberoid Corporation (SIC-3292), St. Louis, Missouri, on January 10, 1967. Samples contained from 0.1 fibers greater than 5 microns in length per cubic centimeter (f/cc) near one vacuum lift operator and one finishing foreman, to 21.6f/cc near one saw operator. 17. Document Analyst* a. Descriptors ", -- Field-study, Asbestos-products, Air-sampling, Asbestos-dusts, Airborne-fibers, Work-environment, Air-quality-measurement k Mrnlirnn/OpafrMtd Terms C. COSATI n.ld/CrouPa 1C. Aveliability Statement Available to "the Public g)ANSI--214.1 If. Sacwrlty Class (This Report) -1 ' NA 30. Security Clatt S# /nilruelioRi oa Hrv fig _____ l 21. No. of Tages 2 22. Pries OPTIONAL ronu ?72 <-)/ (Tormrlr MllSrlU department mi Commerce 32. 3 S RESULTS OF U.S.P.H.S. PERSONAL AIR SAMPLES PLANT #28 RUBEROID CORPORATION ST. LOUIS MISSOURI FIRST SURVEY 01/10/67 Page 1 OPERATION APE JOB SAMPLE # CONCENTRATION FIBERS >Su/oa S00 - Warehousing Hopper Car Unloader SOS - Mixing Waste Grinder Mixer 510 - Forming '`a* 5hSnnI a MarhT no nora+^p .................... * *r -- - Shingle Machine Operator Shingle Machine Operator Vacuum Lift Operator ' Shingle Machine Operator Shingle Machine Operator Shingle Machine Operator Vacuum Lift Operator Vacuum Lift Operator Vacuum Lift Operator S20 - Curing Shingle Stacker 110 / 114 234 120 121 -- 122 123 124 126 127 131 133 134 206 1.2 6.4 10.0 ^1 wO 0.7 3.0 0.2 4.3 5.1 l.l 0.1 0.6 1.7 3.8 530 Finishing Punch Press Operator 135 Foreman - Finishing 136 Saw Operator 143 Saw Operator 145 Saw Operator 146 Saw Operator 147 Saw Operator 148 ! Saw Operator 149 i 2.1 0.1 11.6 3.3 12.2 12.9 8.2 4.5 - r11/24/7 Results of U.S.P.H.S. Personal Air Samples ^ ' Plant #28>Ruberoid Corporation 01/10/67 . Page 2 .' OPERATION AND JOB SAMPLE * 530 - Finishing (continued) Trimmer Painter Trimmer Saw Operator Saw Operator Saw Operator Saw Operator Saw Operator Painting Inspector Trimmer V 540 - Packing . Crater .1nspecfor Crater Crater Crater Crater Crater rorkiift Operator 550 - Miscellaneous Machine Maintenance Man 150 156 207 214 215 217 218 219 231 232 . 144 154 155 156 157 158 229 230 -- *112 CONCENTRATION FIBERS >S\t/ac 6.9 0.8 1.4 5.2 7.9 3.7 3.3 21.6 0.7 4.1 1.7 0.2 13.1 1.8 1.6 2.4 1.0 0.9 0.9 .*s. .Ur-; Analysis of Personal Samples at Certain-Teed, Santa Clara. California National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health. Cincinnati. OH. Oiv. of Surveillance. Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies. (052676007) 1ndustrywide study AUTHOR: Weidner. Robert G5093B4 Fid: 6d. 6T. dun 71 6p Kept No: IW5-32.42B B. 7C. 57U. 57Y, 68A. 99A 08123 Abstract: Worker exposures to asbestos (1332214) were surveyed in June. 1970. at Certain-Teed Products Corporation (SIC-3292) In Santa Clara. California. Asbestos concentrations in the warehuse and mixing, pipe forming. curing, pipe finishing, coupling finishing. epoxy. packing. and miscellaneous areas were 1.0 to 3.5, 1.4 to 2.5. 0.1 to 0.7. 0.0 to 4.6, 0.6 to 13.4 0.3 to I.B. 0.2 to 2.5. end 0.0 to 1.7 fibers greater than 5 microns per cubic cent(meters (f/cc). Three of the 49 samples exceeded the 1970 threshold limit value for asbestos of 5.Of/cc. Descriptors: Sampling.- 'Industrial medicine. Gas analysis. Asbestos, Tests. Methodology. Chemical analysis, Air pollution . Standards Identifiers: `Analytical methods. *Oecupatloal safety and health, *Air polluton detection. A1r pollution sampling. CAS 1332-21-4. Procedures. NTISHEWOSH PB81-230831 NTIS Prices: PC A02 PBS1-230831 ANALYSIS OF PERSONAL SAMPLES CERTAIN-TEED Santa Clara, California Report Prepared By: Robert B. Weidner June, 1971 BPROOUCED 8Y NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE IL& DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SPRINGFIELD. V* 8161 - REPORT DOCUMENTATION PACE no. IWS-32.42b . X NA 4. Title and Subtitle Analysis of Personal Samples at Certain-Teed, Santa Clara, California 7. AutSorts) Weidner, R. B. _ . i Performing Organization Name and Addrasa NIOSH, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, Industry-wide Studies Branch, U.S. Department of HEW, Cincinnati, Ohio 12# Sponorin| Organization Mama and Addrasa Same as Above 15. Supplementary Notes Reproduced from best available copy. IS. Abstract (Limit: 200 words) g. ftacipnt'i Accaaatan Mo. PB81 2^0831 X Report Data June, 1971 4. NA X Performing Organisation Rapt. No. NA 10. Tmjsct/Tatk/Wsrt Unit No. NA IX Contract(C) or CrantfO Ns. 10 NA (Q IX Typo of Report & Period Covered Industry-wide Study " NA Worker exposures to asbestos (1332214) were surveyed in June, 1970, ,at Certain-Teed Products Corporation (SICt3292) in Santa Clara, California. Asbestos- concentrations in the warehousing and nixing, pipe forning, curing, pipe finishing, coupling finishing, epoxy, packing, and miscellaneous areas were 1.0 to 3.5, 1.4 to 2.5, 0.1 to 0.7, 0.0 to 4.6, ^o 13.4, 0.3 to 1.8, 0.2 to 2.5, and 0.0 to 1.7 fibers greater than 5 microns per cubic centimeters (f/cc). Three of the 49 samples exceeded the 1970 threshold limit value for asbestos of 5.0f/cc. 17. Document Analysis a. Descriptors Field-study, Insulation-workers, Insulation-industry, Asbestos-dusts, Standards, Du8t-exposure, Standards, Dust-analysis, Industrial-hygiene b. Idenllfierm/Open-Cndad Terms COSATI fleld/Croup 1L Availability Statement Available to -the Public (See ANSt-Ut.lB) 19- Oats (Tftli Report) NA 70. Security Clats (This Pass) Sea Instructions on Movers# 21. No. of Pages &> 22. Price OPTIONAL IOHU 771 (4-7/) (formerly fltlS-J&l Department of Commerce t j j i . ! 1 3^ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx : June 4, 1971 Hr. William Carl Certain-Teed Products Corporation Santa Clara, California . Oear Hr. Carl: The analysis of the air samples taken in your plant In June, 1970, has been completed. The analysis was done using the membrane filter method at 43QX magnification phase contrast illumination. A table of the re sults Is enclosed. The 1970 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists* List of Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Con taminants includes asbestos.In the section of intended changes. The new TLV is five fibers greater than five microns in length per ml As you will note three of the 49 samples exceeded the recommended con centration. Thank you for your cooperation that we received in your plcnt. If I can be of further assistance, please feel free to contact me. Sincerely yours, Enclosure ' Robert B. Weldner Assistant Chief, Field Studies Branch National Institute for Occupational : Safety and Health' s r A ANALYSIS OF PERSONAL SAMPLES CERTAIN-TEED, SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA OPERATION %. SAMPLE NO. Warehousing and Mixing 133 144 Pipe Forming Curing Pipe Finishing * ' . 131 134 135 136 140 103 124 137 .141 102 112 .114 115 116 117 118 121 122 123 Coupling Finishing - . 101 107 108 109 111 127 129 Epoxy j Packing , 125 1*6 128 130 132 104 105 106 110 119 120 139 CONCENTRATION (FIBERS>5u/cc) 3.5 1.0 2.5 1.4 ** 1.6 1.7 0.1 ` 0.4 0.5 0.7 3.4 4.6 0.0 1.3 1.2 0.3 2.4 1.6 1.3 0.5 13.4 2.5 1.9 6.8 * 10.5 1.7 0.6 1.8 1.4 0.5 0.3 0.6 . 1.8 1.0 2.5 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.2 - 2- l Operation Miscellaneous * Sample no 113 138 142 143 145 146 148 149 151 CONCENTRATION (FIBERS>5u/cc) 0.7 00..60. 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.7 0.3 0.3 ** SAMPLE WAS UNCOUNTABLE / - 3- n v/ ^CC 1 Results of U.S.P.H.S. Personal Air Sairples at Ruberoid Corporation, St. Louis, Missouri 1 National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health. Cincinnati. OH. Dlv. of Surveillance. Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies. (0526780071 Industrywide study. G5181K3 Fid: 6d. 6T. dan 67 5p Rept No: IWS-32.38a 57U. 57V. 68AB dB124 Abstract: Air sampling for asbestos (1332214) dust was performed by the United States Public Health Service at the Ruberoid Corporation (SIC-3292), St. Louis. Missouri. on January 10. 1967. Samples contained from 0^1 fibers greater than 5 microns In length per cubic centimeter (f/cc) near one vacuum lift operator and one finishing foreman. to 21.6f/cc near one saw operator. Descriptors: `Sampling. `Industrial medicine. `Asbestos, tests . Methodology. Dust, Air pollution. Tables(Data). ConcentratIon(Compos It ion) Identifiers: `Analytical methods. `Occupattonal health, CAS 1332-21-4, `Air pollution sampling. NTISHEWOSH safety and Procedures. PBS 1 *229544 NT IS Prices: PC A02 -------------------------------------------------- 1 Jan. 31, 1967 P. S. BETTOLI 3,300,S27 ! laminated sheet material Filed Jar.. 21. 1963 FIG. 1 4110 \ . 12 ' FIG. 2 r16 --... . y _l -- FIG. 3 .m MS $ r|4 ' rjr1* ' (V l~ IP'. .m. LW;`- C/: f = K; f K: tI V. lv t.'.4 \ \I''V/Z/Y/Z/ZaAAv/i:X/:A/ z/{ 3! 'CJ /'/// /7-/'A\ rC iuP. /*+l p.- INVENTOR PhiJI.'p StephenCeftori BY -- /... ATI ORNE' M. *r * * Lv r. United States "Patent Office ,3 300,927 Patented Jan. 31, 1967 i 12 3.300.927 Polyvinylfluoride, having the structural formula: LAMINATED SHEET M ATERIAL Phillip Stephen Bcttoli. Mat linsTiJJc. \J.. assignor to The Kubcroid Conipanv, a corporation of New Jersey Filed Jan. 21. 1963. Scr. No. 251,S90 14 Claims. (Cl. 52--309) and in the form of a plastic film of uniform thickness, is the polyvinylfluoridc used in the laminar.: of this inven This invention relates to a laminated sheet material tion. It is extremely inert ar.J unreactive, and withstands for covering and protecting a variety of surfaces, and extreme of temperature and humidity. Moreover, it is more particularly relates to a polyvinvifitmridc. lamir.ant 10 not signiftcap.;!y degraded by ultraviolet radiation. Being with excellent weathering characteristics for use in the flexible and rejvhly available in pigmented form, it is roofing and siding trades. suitable for use with rcofs having unusual coritouror form, It is an object cf this invention to provide a material for example, parabolic roofs which cannot readily be lor covering and protecting the exposed surfaces of a covcrcJ with conventional asphaltic materials. It is also variety of structures. I: is a further oojeci to provide 15 .suitable for roofs where a particular cobr is desired, with a flexible roofing cr siding material which can be useJ out the disadvantages of having to paint the .same, li is on surfaces having irregular or unusual contour*-. The not practical to use poly vinvIfltiori.lc film alone, however. material of this invention. po;y. inylfluoriJc pl^ic film The thickness of the film, usually 1 to - mils, presents laminated to a non-flammable, elastomeric-impregnated handling and unrk.re pioblems. ll-e.l alone, it cannot be asbestos felt bucking, has excellent weathering charac 20 handled with available roofing tools according to estab teristics and v.,!l not erode, crack nr or.ire upon long ex lished techniques. In addition, adhesives a*..'.liable for posure to visible or ultraviolet radiation nr climatic ex on-site appliratkih to roofs ami the like, arc inadequate tremes of temperature or humidity. It has excellent di for producing a satisfactory bond hc'wccn the inert film mensional .stability and substantially permanently remains and the surface to which it is applied. strong and flexible under till climatic conditions. In addi 25 Referring to FIG 1 the lanimnnt 10 of this invention tion. (he pigmented covering material of tins invention comprises peiy v im Iflum idc plastic film 11 secured to an provides a decorative and edu-ful in.ucri.il having durable asbestos bucking J2 hv means of a thermosetting elasto color and one which is subsi.m{i;:ll\ stain-resistant. meric adhesive 13. ` Tito bond between fflm and felt is Il is another object of this invention to provide a ricid permanent. The felt b..eking 12. which is impregnated structural mnteti.il having an outer covering of pnly- "A wit!) an ch'lnmcr. ptclerablv neoprene, is also flexible. vinylfltioridc plastic film, lor use in the building trades, The combination of film and felt backing obviates the which incorporates the advantage', of the laminated sheet handling difficulties relerred to above and enables the material described in the piece-jin? paragraph. laminar.; JU to he applied to surfaces with the 'oual It is a further object of this invention to provide a asphaltic type adhesives. Moreover, the l.mimunt has roof having a roof deck tovered with a laminunt ma increased resistance to mechanical damage, punctnro and terial which is less than, oue-sivth the weight of a con tears, to which the unsupported poh vmvIfluoride film ventional built-up roof covering, and which possesses would otherwise he parueulaily snsecptiblc. the desirable characteristics of being non-flammable and Buumen-irnpregnatcJ felts are unsatisfactory as a back of not degrading with age r; upon exposure in climatic ing material for poiv v inylfluoridc. They can cause sonic extremes of weather. In its piemented form, the l.umn.im ^ staining of the plastic film, but mure iinroM.mliy. Ihcv ate material retains its color and does not redone pefioJic i*r Income mllexil'le. usuallv embrittle on aging anJ arc painting. Murcnvci. the meJi.oiical strength and flexi inflammable. f.`las|,'mcr;c-imp/egn;iicii fch. on the other bility of the huninanl accomodua's itv-clf to the expansion hand, remains suh-i.mirdiv permanently flexible on c.x- or contraction of the mulerivinc roof deck. pustire to v lima;:c cxnemcs of temperature and humidity. These and other ohiccis implicit in this specification arc 4j Proper selection of the elastomer will yield n non-flam- accomplished, in general, by the advantageous me of a niuhic laminant. In tills regard, polychloroprcne (!>u l.iminant comprising a poMunvIfliinriJe plastic film ad Font neoprene) is the preferred elastomeric binder for hesively secured to an asbestos felt backing which lias the laminant of this invention. Since polvviinifinoridc been impregnated with an cla-tomeric hinder, such as r plastic film is also non-flammable. tiie resultant Jaminanr polychloroprcne. ncopicne and poh vinj l.iectatc. polycldoioprenc and actvhnitriie nr polycliloioprcne and other elastomeric additives winch \icl-J a non-flammable (with the non-flammable pol vchloroprcnc-imprcgnaiod backing) will possess this dcsiiabie characteristic. Other non-flammable elastomers, including mixtures of poly* prodiii'l. The poJ.v vim lJlnuriJc film is piprvcnicd. xic.'d- elroroprcr.e and poly vmv laccjjjo or polyen/oroprcnc and ing a decotaiivc. culoicd himin.mt material. The piement- other non-flammable additives may uho be used to i;u- i*u idm is substantially npatjue to incident ultraviolet and OJ piennate die asbestos felt. Non-flammable mix'urcs of visible radtaiion and piolccts the c!.istiUiK,i'iaipr-.'"r..i:eil hackmc anJ umlei-siiucinre Ibom nu'-sirlc photochemical degradation. Tlie laminam may be med alone as a roofing or siding material or it may be combined with suitable rigid xlahs of insulatinc nitncnal for Use generally as a coveting material for buildings. Jn the accompanying drawings. FIGURE 1 is r. cross- sectional view of the laminated material of this invenlion: FIGURE 2 is a plan view of a section of a roofing matetial emhod.nicni of tins invention; FIGURE 3 is a plan view of a roof with portion, of the roofing ni.nciia! broken auav to show the disposition pnlvchiiwoprene and acrylonitrile or other cL-stomenc biiiilct> arc also .suitable. Jn a:v e.mc. the impregnated product slu-uld be non-flammable (by which term is me.ml either non-combi;siibJc or seJf-cxiingmshing) providing a nia:cr..d having an advantage over it,flammable prior ;ui ptoducls. such ns hiturncn-saturaied felts. Asbestos feit ii the preJerreJ material for use in the laminant product of this invention. Oresnic Mts oi r-R'crs have been fonnJ to bek ilimcn.vion.al stability flame resistance. They ul.vo embrittle and degrade won age. Glass fiber, arc difficult to bond to pifivvinv! luarui.- and lack desirable rjunpation cnaracteroiic-. ;\ltmni.a;n fo.l does mu prov;Jc optimum handling charactci isi,.-, of the laminated m.ncrud of this invention; and . FIGURE -1 i-. a eioss-wcuona) view of a tigid structural rmiterial of li,.s i:: i-mio;.. anJ is susceptible to mcehanic.il il.inni:, Fi.iuoaiei i.-- iniprerniied aspes'os felt j. prefened over on! n.oy. i-.i- saiur.UcJ t>c',rv, ever ' .................. ' 3,300,027 3ing for use in (his invention. .-:n.o tmimprcgr.nied asbes 4 celernte the rate at which ihc photochemical decompo tos tines not have the tensile sttciigth, the tear resislancf sition of the pol>c!ilort.prcnc lake-, place, lending to curly ami ifie general toughness of the impregnated form. In failure of the adhesive binding of the' flint to the felt. In addition. the uniniracgnaled fell i> adversely a/iceied by the presence of asphalt oils, the short wave lengths of moisture, having poor wet strength when wcued. The 5 visible light are particular destructive of the polvchloro- porosity of umnruratcd asbesiox felt is such that 1 he as- prene. Accordingly, the film should he sufficiently opaque begins fibers would absorb excessive quantities of elas to ultraviolet and visible light, and particularly to visible tomeric udJicsisc Jurins the step of laminating poly vinyl- light of the shorter wn\c lengths, to substantially com fluoride Aim to the backing. pletely obscure the passage of such light to the underlying Tims, the preferred backing of the invention herein jq polychloroprene-impregnated felt. is polychloroprcnc-imprcgnaieJ asbestos felt. It is n^n- A 2-mil while film, pigmented with titanium dioxide flammable, retains its flexibility for long periods of time (15Cc by weigh!) will transmit about 10rc of near-ultra- and is resistant to heat aging. It is also suitable for use vioict incident radiation. It the concentration of the pig with conventional mopping a.-phalts or cold-applied ce ment is raised to 25T by weight. $.4f-c is transmitted. ments. Pulychlcroprcr.e-imprcgnatcd asbestos felt, more- )5 The addition of '.iCr carbon black to the latter film pig over, is not subject to microbiological degradation and is mentation reduces light transmission to 4.5rr of the inci therefore superior to orgnrue-fiber hacking*. The impreg dent rad.ations. With the addition of sufficient carbon nated asbestos felt contains from about 15fc to about black :o make the film gray, it will transmit less than 25Co by weight of polychloroprene. 0.2Ce> of incident radiation. (These figures till apply to Other elastomeric compounds may he u.`cd to imprec- 20 transm.siion through the film of radiation of 5-16! A.) nalc the asbestos. As indicated above, however, it is Accordingly, the presence of at least a small amount of preferred that the final product be non-fltinimnhie. By carbon black in the film pigments is dcsiiablc to prevent way of an example, a blend of one par; by weight o? degradation of the adhesive bond of the film to a ncly- polyvinybeetate \\ it;: three parts bv weight of poh cl.loro- chloroprenc-inipregnaied felt in consequence uf exposure prcnc is also suitable. As in the case of pokchlorcprene 25 to .sunlight. alone, this blend is added to the asbestos foil in tin Another means that may be adopted to protect the amount sufficient to provide a backing having from about bond of the film (n a polychloroprcnc-imprcgnatcd felt is 157o to about 25rb by weight of the blend. The quan to pigment the adhesive which binds the film to the felt, tity of polyvinylacetate in the blend may be increased to thereby to reduce its light-transmission characteristics. about 35c/c. Other suitable clastomciic mixtures in- 30 Transmission of light through the adhesive may be .sub elude: a copolymer consisting of S2fr by weigh: of poly- stantially nullified by the incorporation therein of carbon chloroprcr.c and 1 by weight of nerv jnnitrilc; or a black. Thus, n 2-mil flint, containing 25fr by weigh: of blend of one part by weight of polychloroprene to one TiO; and with 1 Cr by weight of carbon black in the ad part by weight of acrylonitrile. Again, the quantity of hesive will transmit only about 3.3/t- of incident radiation these mixtures added to the nsbcuus should preferably of 54f>l A., which is in the range of destructive wave be sufficient to produce a final product containing about lengths. With 8Cf> to 10% cathnn in the adhesive, trans 15C5 to about 25Cf by weight of elastomer. mission of light through it is substantially precluded. Polvvinylfluoridc plastic film i> clear and transparent The c/Tcci of light transmission on bond strength is to ultraviolet and visible radiation. As an increasing illustrated in the following tabic. In tire table, results arc amount of pigment is added to the film, the latter be- <u given of tests on bind strength of Him to fei: after accel comes increasingly opaque to botJi ultraviolet radiation erated radiation exposure of larninants of various Aims and to light in the vhiole wave length ranee. Pigment bonded to polychloroprcnc-imprcpnated asbestos felt with may be added to the polyvinylfluoridc in a quantity up to 0.3 mil of clear adhesive (except for the laminates speci about 25fe by weight, depending upon the color effect fied on the last line, in which case the adhesive was pig and opacity desired. It is not recommended that an mented) the laminates in all cases were adhered to a sup amount of pigment greater than 25r/o by weight be aJdcd, porting panel by tin asphalt. orTiters jtAidATjutc on jionu rtjicnctii (All bonds niejiurrd at txd cm] cl veil lu crams/indi] I 1 Aerrlcr.m-J H.nllation l>rrrnt I Eiposuri- hours IraitAiiiKsinn j 1mIIi.iI 100 tuo t1 VX> ?-in*l while fiv; TiO,l................................................| C-iml wlnti- (L'-'./r TiOi). ........................-...................| 1 Amit bi-i-i-.................................................................... i V O-inil jrrov .............................................................................. C-iiul white (with 4% mrbon In adhesive)............ 1, e4stmu G1UHOfl ) ......... | N140 4> i.1..440 .1 ), iOC *tt..t4VoU) 1. I'.ft l.SSU however, as this will adversely afTccl the durability of Thc presence of carbon in the adhesive maintains bond the film. strength at a high level for long periods of time. The Opacity of the covering film is considerably important. incica-c in bond strength upon aging shown in one in- It has been found that if there is any substantial pene l5 stance in Table 1 is due to posl-auine. Translated into tration of visible or ultraviolet hah: through the film, lerim of service life of a roof deck covered w ith the larni- the bond of ihc film to the pokcliloroprcnc-imprcgnaled nant material of this invention, a laminanl having a 2 mil felt deteriorates -lowly, and ultimately will fail. Careful white film f25Co TiO;) has a projected exterior life of at .sluuiCs hase.shown that \ivible radiation in the near-ultra- least 20 years. A laminar,t employing a 2 mi) white flint vjolet portion of the spectrum cau-cs a slow degradatiun 70 with en.'pon black in the adhesive has a projected exterior of the polychloreprcf.c. with the result that the adhesive life in execs r.f 3() jca;-. which is considerably picaier bond to the fell tails o\cr a period of time. When an than that of the usual roofing materials heretofore avail asphaltic, cement is lived to adhere ihc felt in a roof de*.k able. or wall surface, asphalt oils which tend,to migrate through It should be noted that the covering film rnav he varied the felt to the interface of fell anj adhesive greatly uc- 75 in thicknesses. The minimum acceptable thickness is 3,300,927 jii jLdiiXilv til about 1 mil. Four mils thickness is approximately the upper limit, taking factors of economy and film manu it may be laminated, in turn, to a suitable, rigid insulating substance for use as a covering material where rigidity facturing .specifications into consideration. Should the bminnnt be applied to mca subject to heavy traffic, a 4 mil layer of poiyvinylfluoridc film would be preferable. Curing-type clu-.tomcric adhesives arc suitable for is a desired characteristic, as in sidings for buildings. In the production of flexible roofing material 14 the film and felt arc preferably trimmed and cut in predeter mined widths. The final product thus obtained is shown laminating polyvinylfi/uoridc securely io the saturated as bestos felt backing. An acrylonitrile adhesive with phe nolic trekifiers and an isocyanate curing agent is perhaps most suitable and may be regarded as yielding optimum results. In general, any eiastomcnc adhesive may be used which retains its flexibility and will not undergo rcsir.ifjcniion uron long exposure to light or climatic extremes. Poiysul/idc adhesives, although expensive and ciilTicuIl to hanjle. arc also Mtu.b!c. Elastomeric saturated asbestos 12 is manufactured ac in FJG. 2. Firm II is applied to the felt 12 in a manner such that, in lire final product, the longitudi nal edge of tiie film 15 defines a sclx'cdgc 16 of a uniform width. Selvedge J6 permits overlapping of successive lengths of roofing material as described bclw. It also allow's for the bonding of asbestos felt on asbestos felt, and not felt on polxvinylfiuorkle. Hence, a xxiJe variety of adhesives, including bitumen cements may be used. Roofing material of a standard width may also be pro duced without providing a film-free selvedge 16, should j l ! r cording to established techniques with the components tills be desired. and in the quantities slated above. The following exam Referring now to FIG! 3. application of the roofing ples arc included for purposes cf illustration, it being un material shown in FIG. 2 will he described. FIG. 3 de derstood that other ingredients arc also useful to provide 20 picts a standard wood roof dee!. 17 which is mopped with the laminant material of this invention. roofing asphalt IS (12 Ihs./lOO sq. fI.*). It should be J Example i Polychloroprene u.is .h:riicd in a paper maker's beater understood that the roofing material of this invention may be applied to a variety of roof decks, inriudmg decks of wood, concrete anJ insulation. It may aNo be applied i- :T --1t at about 60-70' F.. alone with a dispersing agent, an 25 by a variety ot means, including either hot asphalt or cold anti-oxidant, zinc oxide and alum, the latter having been cement applications. Conventional coney, sanded and added to prceipit.itc the polxchioioprenc. The poly- asphalt-saturated base sheet 19-22 is applied to deck 17 f" i. . 1 1 E;i i chloroprene was added in the form of a 20r'n solid-. latex fOn Font Neoprene Latex -7'5.) Additions of alum were made at the beater head box to control foam and which has been asphalt mopped. The base sheet is ap plied in .successive lengths IV. 20, 21 and 22. with one length (21 for example) overlapping the preceding .sub K l to maintain an acid pH. Polx ehlnrupienc latex wax addeJ jacent length (20) by about 4 inches. The base sheet f.- ii ] in sufficient quaniitx to pinvidc a finished product con is nailed according to established techniques. taining 2fla- polyebloioprene solids. Lamination of the Roofing material 14, having a selvedge 16. as shoxvn in pulyvinylllnnrijc plastic film II to the polyehloioprcne FIG. 2. is applied in a manner similar to base sheet 19: saturated fell backing 12 was .iceomphshed xvith a nitrile- .35 viz., by mopping and applying overlapping lengths of f.': t-: L fc-. phenolic adhesive t Du Pont Modified Synthetic Rubber roofing material 14, Thus, the area to be occupied by a Adhesive type 46N4. con:.lining 10/* DuPont Curine length 23 of roofing material 14 i.s mopped with roofing i:- Agent RC M5), Io uhiJi 4G- by weight of aqueous car bon hiark had been added. The laimnatire adhesive was asphalt 24 f20 Jin./JUd mj. ft.) nnJ a length 23 is laid. An area adjacent the length 23 is also mopped with 7 adjusted to a viscosity of 16 m IS fZalin cup No. 3) with 40 asphalt. The selvedge J6 of length 23 is also mopped mctlivl ethyl ketone, and the coating roll employed for the to within one inch of the longitudinal edge 15 of the poly* lamination operation was adjusted tn apply the equi*. aient vinxlfluoi idc film 11. A next length 25 of moling mate e: r~ of 0.5 mil of dry adhesive 'oliiK. Tin: adhesive was ap rial 14 is liien htiJ xvith an edge 26 thereof completely plied directly to a poly vim. IfluorMc film of 2 mils thick coveting the selvedge 16 of the first length 25 and super- ness. the film liien heme passcj tinongh a drying lower 4.', adjacent the same, bueccssiw lengths arc .ippiind in the to remove a portion ul the methyl ethyl ketone. 'I he same fashion, caic being taken that the selvedge 16 of lil/n If was laminateJ to the smooth side of the poly- each length is mopped only in a maximum of one inch chloroprcnc-intpregr.atcd felt hacking 12 by a conven away from the longitudinal edge 15. This will insure tional nip roll laminating operation. The nip roll was that asphalt 24 does not ooze out onto the exposed sur- maintained at 200' F. and 120 p.s.i. Machine speed was 5U face of the material 14. The end result of overlapping about 150 feet per minute. (At speeds below' 150 feet successive lengths of roofing material 14 is shown m per minuic. the temper.uiue should he reduccJ to 150' J IGUKF 3 as lengths 27 and 28. The operation may be i J-.) The laminated puuiiicl 10 was then subjected to additional heat and io a high velocity air stream to re completed by scaling the scams between overlapping lengths fi.e., end Japs 29 and side laps 30) with a pres- move the remainder of the laminating solvent from the Gf sure-sensitive tape, preferably a similarly pigmented poly- finished product. vinxlfltiiMidc plastic film. 'I he scams may also uc closed Example 2 with n silicone caulking compound or suitable polyxiilfide A slurry of asbestos was made in a heater under the rubber cements. conditions and xxjth tiie ingicdicnis Jest.Jibed in Example J. except that in place .f polxcliiotopicne. a nuxtmo of CO A roof to which a preferred pigmented whi'c film roofing n dtcrij] 14 has been applied has a reficeiivity up rvUychloropicne and po.'v xmy i.icetaic in the weight ratio of 3:J was charrcj to tiie bcutci. The amount in'to- wards of 75^2 and is completely wjiciproof and vaporproof. duccd was sufficient to pioJucc a product haxjne ISrr Variations of the above methods may be employed in by weight of the elastomeric mixture. Lamination was order to adopt the product of this invention to various carried out in the m.innei dcsciibej in Example J. A C5 environments or to use the product with othei mopping 2r4, by weight addition of carbon black was m.idc to the materials, such as a cold method cement. For example, adhesive prior to i.mmujon and tiie coating roll was ad- a pre-east concrete roof deck may be corded \x.;th the- justed to apply the cqinx.dvnt of 0.35 mil dry adhesive roofing material 14. by simply priming with a suitable sofids. The resulting product was non-fl.imniahlc. fUwih'e and otlicrwisc suited to the v.ujety of uses to winch the laminant of this invention max- be put. concrete primer and then applying the roofing materia) 14 directly thereto with conventional roofing bitumens. Should it he desirable, a roofing materia! without the selvedge may also be cmplmcd. In ihis case, lengths of The l.nmnant material produced in either of the ways material J4 arc not overlapped and the longitudinal edges described above, or in oilier ways may he farther proc essed for use :>s a flex, hie in. .. ,v ........ of the sarcc-Aive lengths of inutcii.i! mciclx . h.it c :. It -V; -t`Y * 6 ff-fjv-Ti S3 -r*7rj I n .') `1 'I 3,300,027 7 pinvlic tape. silicone caulking compound or poh sulfide polyvimffinoride plastic film hiving a uniform Ihiiknr-s rubber cement. of at lea-.; about one rml, and an asbestos fell Kick.... Referring to ITG. 4, a product for use in coverin': and impregnated with fiom- about 15? to about by protecting structure*' m.i\ be made by securing the lami- weight of pcljchloroprene, said film .secured to vii-l nani 10 of this invention to a rigid slab of insulating ma 5 asbestos felt backing by means of a IhcrmoscMing elas terial 31 with a suitable adhesive 32. such as asphalt or tomeric adhesive. the like. The laminant comprises a layer of polyvinyl* 9. A roof in accordance with claim S wherein the width fluoiidc plastic him ll adhesively secured (by means of of said pol> vinj Iflucrido'plasiic fum i* less than the vvulih adhesive 13) to elasionicr-impicgnmed asbestos 12. The of said backing .such that a film-free edge of uniform fell backing 12 is secured to the insulating material, pro 2Q width is defined by the longituJinal edge of stud him. ducing a structural material wherein the poiyvinylfiuoriJc .said roofing materia! being disposed un said roof deck film 11 is the exposed surface. The rigid slab 31 may be in overlapping fashion such that a Mipcrndjaccnl Lrv'.h manufactured from a variety of conventional insulating of said roofing maicrial covers the said film-tree edge *r materials which have been found to be useful in the build a sui'i.u'cnt length of said roofing material, and wheicm ing trades, such as wood, including shredded wood, wood ]5 the seams between said length of roofing materials a re shavings, excelsior, or paper, newspaper, vcrmiculito. scaled with prc'surc-jcnsitivc adhesive tape, .said tape gravel, stones, cement or cement with light aggregates. comprising pub. sir.v Ifluuride plastic film. 1 claim: JO. A roof comprising a roof deck and successive 1. A material for covering and protecting the exposed lengths of flexible ruofmg maicrial having a uniSoim surfaces to structures comprising a substantially opaque 20 width, said material covering said rot f deck, scad roofing polyvinyltluoridc plastic film of low light itansmissabiiuy material being weather and tire resistant and uniformly having a uniform thickness of at least about one mil and secured to said roof deck with an asphaltic adhesive, said an asbestos felt hacking impregnated with polychloro- moling material comprising a pigmented *uhsior.;m!ly prene, said polyvinvlfluoride plastic film having uniform opaque polyviu\Ifiironde plastic film having a uniform ly incorporated theuin up to 251<r by weight of ..n opneily 20 thickness uf at Ic.ol .fliuut one mil, and an asbestos fell ing pigment, *aid film adhesively secured to .said hacking backing impregnated with from .ibcmt 15'.7 l*'i about 25'k by means of an eiasiometic adhesive of low light trans- ly weigh: of polyehi<;:op;em\ said film .vcctrcJ to s;,jj missabiiity containing up to lUCc by weight uf opacifying asbestos f-.lt banking ivy means of a thermosetting elas pigment. tomeric adhesive coni.lining up to UjCr by weight of car- 2. A weather and fire resistant roofing material com 30 bun black. prising a poiyvinyifluoridc plastic film adhesively lami II A loot' comprising a roof deck 2nd successive nated to an asbestos fell backing by means of a thermo length'* of flexible loounp materia! having a uniform setting elastomeric adhesive, said asbestos felt backing im width, said material cuvet ine said roof deck, said looting pregnated with a non-flammable elastomeric binder, and ma'.ciia! being weather and fi:; rrsi.siant ar.d uniformly said plastic film being <ubsiantiall) opaque to protect the 35 secured to said iuufi deck with an asphaltic adhesive, s.ijj adhesive bond thereof to the backing from photochemical roofing maicrial comprising a pigmented .substantially degradation. opaque polyvinyIiluonde plastic film having a uniform 3. A flexible roofing material comprising an asbestos thickness of at least one mil, and an asbestos felt backing felt hacking impregnated with from about 1SC to abovit impregnated with from about I5r7- to about 25*'. hy 25'c of poivehlurupier.e and a polsvirnlfluondc plastic 40 weight cf polychloroprcnc. said film secured lu said film having a uniform iliickness of at least about one mil asbestos fell backing by means of a thermosetting, elas secured to .said asbestos felt hacking by means of a thermo tomeric adhesive, said roofing mateiial disposed <) said setting elastomeric adhesive, said film having uniform!;.' roof dc:k in a manner such that a longitudinal edge of incorporated therein up to 25'b by weight of pigments one of said lengths of roofing material abuts the iongi- comprising carbon black r.nd bcir.g ."substantially opaque. 45 tndinal edge of anothc: of ;:ud lengths adjacent to i:, the 4. The roofing material of claim 3 wherein the elas scam defined by said abutting longitudinal cdg:* being tomeric adhesive contains up to 10'^ by weight of carbon scaled by pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, said tape com black. prising poly vnv llluoride plastic film. 5. The roofing material of claim 3 wherein the asbestos 12. A structure for covering surfaces comprising a rigid felt backing is impicunatcd with fiom about 15Cc to about p.q slab of an insulating inate.-ial selected fiom the group 2Sc/o by weight of polychloroprcnc. consisting of wood, shredded wood, wood shavings, ex 6. A weather and fire resident flexible roofing mate celsior. paper, vermicuhte, gravel, cement and cement rial-comprising an asbestos felt backing impregnated with with light aggregates incorporated therein, said slab from about 15fir< to about 25To by weight of a mixture covered with a weather and fire resistant slice: materia! containing one pait by weigh: of polychloroprcnc and up 55 comprising on asbestos felt backing adhesively .secured to one part by weight of acrylonitrile, and a pigmented io said slab, said asbestos fell backing impiCgnalcd with substantially opaque poiyvinylfinoridc plastic film hav from about 15IV to about 25Cc by weight of polychloro* ing a uniform thickness of at least about one mil secured prcr.c. and a pigmented substantially opaque polyvinyi to said asbestos felt backing by means of a thermosetting fluoride plaMir film having a uniform thickness of at least elastomeric adhesive. Co one mil, said film secured to said hacking with a thermo 7. A weather and fire resistant flexible roofing mate rial comprising an asbestos felt backing impregnated with setting elastomeric adhesive containing up so lUfio by weigh: of carbon black. from about !5C; to about 25rr by weight of a mixhuc 13. A weather and fire rcsistnn: material for covering containing po!\chlnroprcne ami polvvinylacetatc in the and protecting the exposed surfaces of structures corn weight ratio of about ? to 1. and a pigmented substan ed Prising a !..inmate of poly viiivlfluorijc plastic film secured tially opaque poly vmvlfiuoridc plastic film having a uni form thickness of at least about one mil secured to said asbestos felt backing by means of a thermosetting elas tomeric adhesive. 70 by un elastomeric adhesve tv an robeMox fell had ini: i.npresumed with a non-flammable clastomciic binder, sn:J plastic film being substantially opaque to piotecl the ad hesive bond thereof to the backing from photochemical degradation. 8. A roof comprising a roof deck and flexible roofing materia! covering said roof deck, said roofinc maicrial 14. A structure for covering surfaces compiisine n rieid slab of insulating m.ucii.d coveied v.i.h a weather and being weather and fire resistant and uniformly secured fire jcsi.si.mt sheet material comprising an ashe-tos fv-ii to said roof deck with nr. asphaltic adh csivc, said roofing hacking impregnated with a non-flammable cl.isumivr-e material comprising a pigmented substantially opaque 76 binder and a pigmented polyvinylfluoridc plastic him sc- 3.300,027 o 10 cmcvl to v.tivl hackin'.: by a thcrmo'-cuim: cl.vAomci'ic ad hesive. said plastic film heint: substantially opaque to proten the adhesive bond thereof to tine backing front photo chemical degradation. 57y.(Oft I'OlslllUN i`A l i'.N I /S.i 7/ 1959 CanaJa. Orill-R REFERENCES References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PA l LN"I S 6 American Roofer ami Buildin? Jmpioscment Contractor. 1112431 .A I.A5.. October I9b2. pace 14. MoJeni Plastics, TP9N6.A I Mb, October 1959, paces 2.H44.7NX 2.IA4.790 2.376.N54 f>'195ft Hai'hlvtcer c! al_______ 52--419 S9-91.200. 7/1939 5/1945 Smith...................... 52--109 X Saunders..................161--205 X MoJern Plasties. TPVSh.A I Mfi, September 19fi|, p.tee 10 45. !i5.K7a.fi.S2 '5.11.56.224 5.I3J.X54 2/1959 Wilson ............... ........... 52--119 J0'I962 Ahny ci:tl.161--205 X 5/1964 Simms ......................... 161--1X9 FRANK L. AliUO TT, 1`iittuiry E.uwiinrr. A. C. PERU AM, .Iwi.sfcni li.\mni/irr. J.22S.X25 1/1966 Usala e: ;il. ...............- 161 -- 1X6 _v .4 -s - . v -- :V \ ,c v-.: -Jv.' w*r.xZ ;: 4 K t: t ! ~.r |: : Ci > .-> i: %