Document oD9z8OmMLx84vobVVj88kMyzX

!~>b:n end --1" handles. the creator ilik-Theic is also gooH evidence - doss response relawcnshtp fur ashcstosis and bronchix' =.r.zsn and thus., if the du levels air kept v.-iik:.i the fit- strr.ittd;. the risks of asbestos;* ana bron chial cancer; :r .h: fuittst tiiouid be very small. The risk c: ir-z.^.r.x mesotheliomas has a different relation to f:rrr tyyr. !: ;s probably highest with crocidolitc and U-west cr.-Tt'- i- So easer clearly related to aiultrpkylLta - fees ...repotted, despite careful search. TV.: *:*.h :mo<;;e probably lies between crocidjlitc iz.i ch-ysj:a_^IIIrevidaaceJur a dose response" relationship is lets clear in the case of mesotliclionus and hence tite ih:az.P. Lt.h value is more difficult to assess^ (n the Afberrcs Regulations IVf9'* the standard for ciucidolite is iet a: or.e-ienth of that for other types of asbestos. COMPARISON CF OCCUPATIONAL RISKS What is the magnitude of the risk of developing 21-liea I th from asbestos? No fir-gie index prosides a satisfactory measure of injury to health-- Thus the excert risk of death before a specified ace may be a useful index for uosediseasesausint sudden or iapid death, but it is an ittapptcprwe. index for diseases causing a tone period of disability out-ini* iho.*un..:g of life.-Tlte - cancers associated with asbestos exposure fall into the first group and ash-er.osts the second coup. In different occu pational gratis s cc-stsassons of mortality are easier to make than those of illness. But even for mortality the compari sons are nar straishtfetward. For example, the more the selection is limited to a definable group with a high past exposure, the worse the risk will appear. Allowance has also to be made for the effects of age, length of exposure, -and how Ion; the occupational croup has been followed. When such allowances are made the excess mortality from `all catties' if. groups of workers heavily exposed to the more di.-ccng types of asbestos dusts in the past is closely' comparable to mat of coalminers who have developed the severer torn: of caaiworkers' pneumoconiosis or that of deep-sea f.shcnr.e'r. who hast the highest rates of acci dental de.thc cf any occupation. However, the excess mortality from 'ali causes' in these occupational groups is less than -ha'. rr.a e smokers of twenty cigarettes and more a ca; c-: mrartJ t'.oti-snyifcers. This is 'he a;; "fr. heaths from 'ali causes', bm dent?-5 f;c*r. .cu es, such as mesothelioma.-. .rdics- tc;:s. or ic'.c :: c.oe tv t..at of the actieia: public, are cu.:.-: rc.fiy much more increased. This ii he.cuse m ,,ri a>hcoosi* are extremely rjrc in ... . .-c r v. irked *;tli asbestos. Cenl'uMtin jrttti'.imes . r.- .;tr. the proportion of individuals exp.-ed v.:; :. rl.p a d.-sta-t and the excess tisk nt a pcri'cclc: : :-r :.d l:.J't duals compared with the genera! p.r . ':r.;\ be relatively small and the sccntd c.x'rr-:-; ..c THE fi/7. ~: As in rn ._. newcnrrr:.: it ar-C r; -J.:;---es proof of' the cfficacv of . . : r.j.Mie the v-jluluv >( the .a:', only Ci.mc iiiiim Iiiikiiic ii..- ir.aivaiaciuri!:-,- p>o,-c\, . 2 .rr nuteruU nwti. :iv mea surements of ex'^'ueputhe.-mcdical recoids o-4ho*e-- exposed. C'ompuv. nownnake it easy to store tha-infor--- matron, hut we still need tlie fotesigiu and adininnsniion to sec that ir is achieved. If it ia not done we may stflf fct 20 years or so be in no better position to answer important questions which ate at present unanswei able because-of the paucity of past records. CONCLUSION _ The recent increase in the number of cases of asbestosis and other diseases related to past exposure to asbestos is the result of relatively heavy exposures io the dust, particularly in parts of the asbestos industry not covered by the-}93| Asbestos Regulations. . Much new information about the biological effects of asbestos has been acquired recently. The new Asbestos Regulations 1969 based on this information. if EOracily applied, should greatly reduce the risks in the future:-- . . The selection of which types of asbestos to use in new processes should take into account their biological effects if the risk of dust exposure is likely to occur duringgame- facture or in the use of the products. 1.. -- . When working with extremely fine fibres of anymaterial which may become aubdme. cauiion h necbed. AirexatiJUK "niiiohiof tfie pogible~bfblogical effects is~reqinethi me product is to be widely used and rules of damage to health are to be avoided in (lie future. Proof of the efficacy of present preventive measures depends on much better record keeping than has been the case in the past. ^ REFERENCES 1 Nora Lro. Americtn fiutuuritf ttygjtne Association Journal, iw:.(i 195 (II**! 2 More* ether E. R. A. and five C. W.. `Report on the effects of asbestos dust on the hangs and dust suppression in the Asbestos Industry'. London. HMSO (1930) 3 Preesscn W. C, DaUaratle J. M.. hdwards T. I_ iSex J. W.. Sayers R. R-. 'A study of asbcnosi in the asbescon-textile ------ r indowry'. US Treasury Dcpvraoem. 1`ubtie IleaUii-Setrice. Public Health BulfctN24i (Aiapsst I93St - --------- * Mcrewcther F.. R. A. Anawai Repwei. Inapectoe of Facwin London. HMSO 1194?! .< ` !VO Kk'hard. Prmsri ltr'T".r! of InJuunc! stedkur*. Vo! !2, - p SI f 19551 ___ ( Knox }. I - Jlotmc.v S_ OoU R.. and Hit! I. D..BririsftJournal of litJiiuiia! M'-Jico;-'. t'ol 25. p 2v.f -- ? tielikAti' I. J.. J.-mkj: t>} the Anu'etei* McJicat Atutcianon. I W 3i*-t. p HU I'tr > W'acni-r J. ('.. Gii*oi; J. C... Bern- G.. ar:J TunbreU British tl.-Jical Bulletin Ia.'2". p 7l{l9?l) 9 C-iIsun ]. 'Adw<u .`K-olth hujrJt'. in Shapiro. H. A. lejitori. 'Pr.eumocor.K^is'. Piocevdmss ot the Intematienal fontkreiu-e. Johann.-,tvre. 24 Aprii-2 M4J- tVb. p 113. I'.ipv To** i err., O.O'ord Universiiv Picvi (1970) ! 0 .-Ii'lvi I.. Ashcsiov exposure m Soutl. a flics', ibid, p i 20 11 Cunr.incJum it. NS. and Tontciract R.. .\anjre. I'of 2J2. P 5J2 '1971/ 17 1'ci.LIjLi- Marearci R.. i'ounuci-Matscy Ciarlc. M.Oonild J. Sunnarjcti J.. icJ Komilet C. E.. Bulletin Ur Phyuo ruthuU,pc fiequ'ctcure, toj A. p t>J? (19711) 1 .* M Ilonalil J. Corbett. M.-Po;uUi Ati>n 0., CihbsGulvani W,, .'Mcnnaix.ki Jack, and Ko,,ilct ( hiries L.. Archives of I hi iii-ii'u-nu! Ilci!;u l-'o/ 22. p A 77 f 1971/ 14 J clout liilii'i. lii'ih, G \V.. MacUcm P. T.. NkUmaM J. C.. Ii.. ii.it,- Vji-.-.ii, : e I on Kctuw- ttf Kcsptrcto'y /iVi.ii i l III III.' / *.V 'fv,'// I' Si.i-jinn ln,iius I jo`l ViiiiW. IMrunirv The Allvia It.- -il :11,*,, f'l-v | .in. HMSO ||Vi,9i