Document o9daLN3xYZaMw1Nwqk9p7ddb3

Sierra Club FOIA 2025-EPA-04883 Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) for Coal-Fired Power Plants Review of the 2020 Residual Risk and Technology Review (RTR) Final Rule April 25, 2024 0000-SZ00000- 8881.0- oe SC_EVERSPLIT0012771 Overview Key Messages Background on MATS Since 2012 Final Rule Emissions Changes, Benefits and Costs Sierra Club FOIA 2025-EPA-04883 t,0000-SZ00000- 8881.0- oe SC_EVERSPLIT0012772 Sierra Club FOIA 2025-EPA-04883 Key Messages On April 25, 2024, EPA issued final revisions to strengthen the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards rule for existing coal-fired power plants. EPA is finalizing more stringent emissions standards and additional, cost-reasonable monitoring and control methods to further reduce harmful pollution from these sources. The final rule will reduce emissions of mercury and non-mercury metal hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), such as nickel, arsenic, and lead. MATS pairs a stronger filterable particulate matter (fPM) standard, as a surrogate for non-mercury HAP metals, with a requirement to use continuous emissions monitoring (CEMs) at the stack. The standard and monitoring requirements work together to increase health protection and provide operators and communities access to better, more up-to-the-moment data. The fPM standard will reduce emissions of hazardous metals and ensure that the worst performing units reduce their emissions to a level that has been demonstrated by most of the existing coal-fired electric steam generating units (EGUs). PM CEMS requirements mean a continuous stream of emissions and performance data will be collected hourly by all coal-fired power plants, and it will be publicly reported at regular intervals -- just like all coal-fired power plants already use CEMS for SO2 and NOX emissions. The tighter mercury standard for lignite units will ensure these units meet the same mercury standard as other coal-fired power plants. EPA is committed to protecting communities from the various health and environmental impacts of power plant pollution. This final rule provides regulatory certainty that allows states grid operators, and power companies to make investments and planning decisions, while supporting the industry's ability to deliver reliable and affordable electricity. - - 90000-SZ00000 8881.0 oe SC_EVERSPLIT0012773 Sierra Club FOIA 2025-EPA-04883 ) Background and Timeline 2012 -- EPA issued final MATS rule for coal- and oil-fired EGUs Within 8 years of promulgating standards under Clean Air Act (CAA) section 112(d)(2), the EPA must conduct a residual risk and technology review (RTR) 112(f)(2): update standards if needed to provide an ample margin of safety to protect public health 112(d)(6): review and revise standards as necessary taking into account developments in practices, processes, and control technologies 2020 - RTR Conclusions: Current MATS requirements provide ample margin of safety to protect human health; and Existing air pollution control technologies in use were well-established and provided capture efficiencies necessary for compliance 2021 - Executive Order 13990 instructed EPA to consider publishing a notice of proposed rulemaking suspending, revising, or rescinding the 2020 RTR EPA found that no revisions were warranted under risk review--the 2020 risk analysis was conducted approaches and methodologies consistent with those used in RTRs for other source categories EPA found that there have been developments in the costs and effectiveness of control technologies and that many sources outperform current standards April 24, 2023 - Published proposed revisions to the MATS rule under Clean Air Act (CAA) 112(d)(6) technology review April 25, 2024-- Final Revision to MATS Rule 90000-SZ00000- 8881.0- oe SC_EVERSPLIT0012774 Sierra Club FOIA 2025-EPA-04883 \ Final Rule Strengthens MATS Particulate Matter (PM) standard used as a surrogate for non-mercury HAP metals, and compliance demonstration requirement: Tighter filterable particulate matter (fPM) standard of 0.010 Ib/MMBtu Strengthens by 67 percent compared to 2012 MATS standard of 0.030 lb/MMBtu Require all sources to use PM Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (PM CEMS) to demonstrate compliance 0.010 lb/MMBtu is the lowest possible fPM limit where PM CEMS can provide valid and enforceable data Mercury (Hg) standard for lignite-fired EGUs Tighter Hg emission standard of 1.2 113/TBtu Strengthens by 70 percent compared to 2012 MATS standard of 4.0 lb/Tbtu 1.2 lb/TBtu is the standard that must be met by all non-lignite-fired EGUs Remove startup definition #2 L0000-SZ00000- 8881.0- oe SC_EVERSPLIT0012775 Sierra Club FOIA 2025-EPA-04883 ) Startup Requirements MATS had two options for defining startup: Definition #1: startup ends when steam is used for generation or any on-site purpose requires use of clean fuels for ignition and control device use when coal/oil combustion begins (except for dry scrubber or selective catalytic reduction units, which come online as conditions allow) Definition #2: startup ends 4 hours after the start of generation of electricity or useful thermal energy operators must provide records of clean and non-clean fuel use, load characteristics, as well as exhaust flow and PM control device parameters Final Rule: Removes startup definition #2 80000-SZ00000- 8881.0- oe SC_EVERSPLIT0012776 ;N ego Emissions Changes and Public Health Controlling HAP emissions from power plants improves public health for all Americans by reducing the risk of fatal heart attacks, cancer, developmental delays in children, and by reducing adverse environmental impacts. These public health improvements are especially important for children and particularly vulnerable segments of the population such as indigenous communities, and people of color and low-income populations who regularly consume fish. Emissions reductions in the year 2028: c 1,000 pounds of mercury; c 770 tons of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) o 280 tons of nitrogen oxides (N0x) o 65,000 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) o At least 7 tons of non-mercury HAP metals Sierra Club FOIA 2025-EPA-04883 60000-SZ00000- 8881.0- oe SC_EVERSPLIT0012777 Sierra Club FOIA 2025-EPA-04883 Benefits and Costs Benefits over the 10-year period from 2028-2037 $300 million in health benefits $130 million in climate benefits. Compliance costs over the 10-year period $860 million These monetized benefits do not include benefits associated with reductions of HAP such as mercury, lead, arsenic, chromium, nickel, and cadmium. in addition, the benefits of the additional transparency provided by the requirement to use PM CEMS for communities that live near sources of HAP, and the assurance PM CEMS provide that the standards are being met on a continuous basis are not monetizable. 01.000-9Z00000- 8881.0- oe SC_EVERSPLIT0012778 For More Information A copy of the final rule and fact sheets are at: Mercury and Air TOXICS Standards. Sierra Club FOIA 2025-EPA-04883 1.1.000-9Z00000- 8881.0- oe SC_EVERSPLIT0012779 x Ili w a_ Q. < Sierra Club FOIA 2025-EPA-04883 ED_018388_00000325-00012 SC_EVERSPLIT0012780 Units that may need to update controls to meet MATS Sierra Club FOIA 2025-EPA-04883 This table summarizes the locations of EGUs expected to need to upgrade existing controls to meet the final revised standards. EPA anticipates 33 coal-fired EGUs would need to improve or upgrade their filterable particulate matter (fPM) control technology in order to meet the finalized limit of 0.010 lb/MM Btu. EPA anticipates 22 lignite-fired EGUs would need to make changes to comply with the revised mercury emission standard of 1.2 lb/TBtu. Seminole I Marion ! D El Wilson Mill Creek Red Hills Generating Facility Labadie Colsirip Mayo Roxboro ; Antelope Valley Coal Creek Coyote Leland Olds l Milton R Young Spirltwood Station Culver I Foster Wheeler Mt Carmel Cogen ilohn B Rich Memorial power Station St Nicholas !Westwood Generation LLC i Martin Lake rOak Grove (TX) i San Miguel i Harrison Mt Storm i l Jim 8ridger [ Laramie River Station 6R73 1364 55016 2103 6026 6250 7712 6469 6030 8222 2817 2823 56786 10143 10343 10113 54534 5D611 6116 6180 6183 3944 3954 8066 6204 fPM fpm Lignite & fPM fPM fPM fPM fPM Lignite Lignite Lignite Lignite lignite 8 1PM Lignite fPM 1PM fPM 1PM 1PM Lignite & ff'M i ignite Lignite FPM fPM fPM FPM Florida Illinois Kentucky Kentucky Mississippi Missouri Montana North Canolina Worth Carolina North Dakota Worth Dakota North Dakota Month Dakota Vorth Dakota North Dakota Pennsylvania Pennsylvania. 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