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HAUSER Painting the exterior trim of the National Biscuit Company's Shredded Wheat Plant at Niagara Falls, N. Ywith pure white lead and oil LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION Graybar Building 420 Lexington Avenue e New York ' -k ' " S Two New U.S. H. A. Housing Projects in Louisville, Ky., Show Continued Reliance on Durable Lead Plumbing "THE East End and West End low I rent U.S-H.A. housing projects in Louisville, Ky., are two more projects showing the continued reliance placed on lead plumbing in U. S. H. A. con struction. Together, these projects consist of 117 buildings with 1.594 apartments. All soil and waste pipe in these proj ects is cast iron and lead and all sinks, laundry tubs, water closets, lavatories and bath tubs waste through lead con nections. All roof flashings are made of sheet lead and all joints in castiron soil, waste, and sewer pipe are calked with lead. Lead-calked joints are also used for the 6-in. cast-iron water mains serving the buildings. In all, 1,619 extra-heavy 4-in. lead bends, 1,702 extra-heavy lead P-traps, over 10,000 lb. of lead pipe, 242,000 lb. of calking lead and approximately 30, 000 lb. of sheet lead were used. To insure highest quality lead products, all lead pipe, traps, bends, and calk ing lead was duly stamped with the Lead Industries' Seal of Approval. General view of the East End h outing project, Louisville, Ky., where lead plumbing has proved once more in economy and advantage in l/SHA project' The standard principles of lead working were employed on these jobs SPECIFY ^PPROVPV MATERIAL which, in this and other projects, have meant the saving of time and expense. The lead work was wiped up on a Tem porary shop pictures showing supplies of lead pipe, fittings and sheet lead for the Louisville projects, and plumbers wip ing up lead work to be installed PHOTOS BY ROYAL PHOTO CO. bench set up in a temporary shop on the premises and merely calked in place. Members of Local 107. in Louisville, fabricated the lead work. It is only logical that lead work should save money. W'ith lead, whole frames of wastes and vents may be wiped together on a bench by men especially assigned to that job. The frames may then be taken by others and calked into place. This saves many steps and time, coordinates the work, and provides greater efficiency. Other plumbing systems cannot be so installed, nor do they give the dura bility and efficiency of lead plumbing. Easy sweep bends and the smooth inner bore of both lead pipe and wiped joints provide free flow and avoid clogging. Both projects were designed by the Allied Architects of the Louisville Municipal Housing Commission. War ren and Ronald were the engineers. The P. H. Meyer Plumbing and Heat ing Co. was the plumbing contractor for the East End project. Geo. H. Rommel and the Whittenburg Con struction Co. were the general contrac tors. William Paul was plumbing su perintendent. All are of Louisville. Koenig Brothers were the plumbing contractors for the West End project. The Struck Construction Co. was the general contractor. Nicholas Herbst was plumbing superintendent. [2] LIA25575 Pure White Lead and Oil Paint Decorates and Protects Niagara Falls Shredded Wheat Plant Y using pure white lead and oil B paint, mixed on the job, the re gent painting of all trim and sash for the Shredded Wheat plant of the Na tional Biscuit Company, at Niagara Falls, N. Y., is an excellent example 0f judicious plant maintenance and upkeep. Constructed in 1904, the plant building is noted for having probably the largest wood windows in existence. Naturally, painting forms an item of importance. Until the Shredded Wheat Company was absorbed into the National Bis cuit Company several years ago, this building was painted by the plant maintenance crew with various types General view of the large Niagara Falls plant of National Biscuit Company. White lead proves highly economical for such industrial paint maintenance of materials. The short-lived paint decoration and appearance are the determined by the effectiveness of the jobs necessitated frequent repainting most important. Also, a well painted results and the cost incurred. In this and maintenance service. When the exterior reacts favorably through its respect, it is the yearly cost and not National Biscuit Company recently de orderly, pleasing and cleanly appear the initial cost that is the most impor cided to repaint the sash, frames, and ance on both the occupants of the tant factor. It may be possible by the sills they were found to be in such building and on passers-by. That the use of poor quality materials, or by condition that burning off the old advertising value and prestige gained skimping on corollary work, to reduce ( paint was necessary before repainting. through painting is a factor to be the initial cost. This apparent saving, This was done and the parts painted strongly considered is evidenced by however, is just that--an apparent with three coats of pure white lead the trend toward distinctive and uni saving. Such practices will lead to and linseed oil, mixed on the job, as form exteriors by many of our larger costly surface preparation and main recommended by the painting con national business concerns. Another tenance and a high annual painting \ tractor and approved by the National factor not often thought of is the in expenditure. Actually, the use of only Biscuit Company. A total of approxi creased interior light resultant from time-tested materials and efficient mately three tons of white lead was painting trim and sash in light colors. workmanship will not increase the in necessary for the job. Painting is a necessity. When prop itial cost of the work by more than a Painting performs many functions erly done, it becomes a benefit and small fraction, but it will increase the of which protection of the surface. good investment, the worth of which is total life of the job considerably. In At left, burning off the old paint on the Shredded Wheat Plant trim. Such costly surface preparation is avoided when, as at right, pure white lead and oil is used. White lead leaves a surface in good condition for repainting PHOTOS BY HAUSER BOB m [3] LI 625576 addition to this, a truly quality job produces further dividends by mini mizing maintenance and reducing sur face preparation. In short, the basic problem that faces every industrial buyer of paint ing. whether through a contractor or through his own internal maintenance organization, is to obtain the most for his painting dollar. With white lead the painting of all commonly used surfaces can be standardized, since white lead is highly effective on wood, brick, stone or other surfaces. By the use of reliable and experienced con tractors, the buyer assures himself that the material used will render its max imum service, and be applied bv skilled mechanics who know their business. Painting the tremen dous wood windows tor the plant con sumed over 3 tons of pure white lead in oil Oliver B. Cannon & Son, painting specialists, of Philadelphia, were the contractors for the painting work at the Niagara Falls plant. Lead Condenser Tubes Extruded in Various Shapes HE successful extrusion of lead Under the new process the extruded Ttubes in forms other than round lead can is seamless and tight and, al has been reported in connection withthough slightly higher in cost than a the development and manufacture by machine made soldered can, is super the Western Electric Company of con ior from an engineering standpoint densers with highly improved casings. because it is absolutely moisture- Although the extrusion of lead tubes proof. is not at all new, the process has been The usual impact method of extru generallv limited to round tubes, and sion is used in their manufacture. A it is felt that the development of oval blank disc or slug of pure lead is and rectangular extruded tubes may placed in the cavity of a die. the depth easily suggest many interesting appli of the die being somewhat larger than cations. the thickness of the slug. Then a Prior to the new method, condenser punch shaped like the die, only- cans were made by folding up a flat smaller all around by the desired blank of tin plate and soldering three thickness of the tube, is forced onto of the bottom edges and a side seam. the disc. This causes the lead to flow under pressure up and around the sides of the punch. Air pressure or mechanical fingers then remove the tube from the punch. When round cans are extruded there has been no difficulty in obtaining uni form wall thickness. However, with irregularly shaped tubes it was found that the flow from the center of the slug to the outer periphery was not uniform. Production of a specially designed tool, adjusted by liner-pins, has obviated this difficulty and the suc cessful extrusion of rectangular or other shaped lead tubes facilitated and made practical, opening new fields of usefulness. Two views of the extrusion process for manufacturing lead condenser tubes in forms other than round COURTESY BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES > j i [4] L IA 2 5 577 Historic Betsy Ross Home Decorated with White Lead At left, the restored Betsy Ross Flag Room painted with pure white lead and oil and at right, a general view of the historic shrine K. K. L 11 L HE story of Betsy Ross and the Since this memorial is visited by Tcreation of the American Flag is many thousands of people each year well known. Not so well known, howt he paint on the wall surfaces is sub charge of the restoration, has contrib ever, is the small brick house at 239 ject to considerable dirtying and finger uted an invaluable service to the Arch Street. Philadelphia, where for marks. The washability of the white memorial history of this country. many years Betsy Ross lived and had lead, however, makes it possible for Unkefer Brothers Construction Com her flag shop. these surfaces to be thoroughly pany was the general contractor, and Although built about 1700, the cleaned by plain soap and water with the painting contractor was Norman Betsv Ross home was, fortunately, out damage to the life or appearance R. MacGregor and Son. All are of little damaged when the Betsy Ross of the paint. Philadelphia. Vexil Weisgerber is Memorial Association started its pro Brognard R. Okie, architect in manager of the house. gram to save this landmark. A gen erous gift by A. Atwater Kent early in 1937 made complete restoration possible under the direction of Brog- Band Instruments Shaped with Lead nard R. Okie, architect. Every effort was made to save the original woodwork and hardware and, in redecorating the interiors and ex terior, careful attention was paid to colonial practice and the house styling duplicated as closely as possible. Four coats of pure white lead and oil were applied to the exterior wood work. Interior walls are plaster painted with three coats of white lead. For the inside trim two under coats of white lead and oil, flat finish, were ap plied to form a permanent and elastic SIMPLE but unique applica is soft and will not damage the tubing, A tion of lead is its use in bend yet acts as a background against which ing musical instruments by the Yotrhke hammering mav be done. ^ hen Band Instrument Company, Grand the bend is thus completed the lead is Rapids, Michigan. merely melted out and the instrument For many years bending has been buffed and polished. accomplished by filling the straight In this way band instruments are lengths of instrument tubing with hot easily and economically bent to any lead. This facilitates the bending op desired form or shape with assurance eration and eliminates sharp crin of uniform diameter, a process that kles. The tubing is bent to the desired might easily lend itself to other in shape, and small wrinkles are rubbed dustries and applications, in many dif and hammered out. The lead inside ferent fields. base for the enamel finish coat. No effort was spared to give the Bending band instruments with the aid of lead, poured into the tubing maximum protection to the 240-year- old woodwork and, following the practice of generations and many other restorations of famous shrines, pure white lead paint was chosen as the ideal medium to preserve and en hance the beauty of both interior and exterior surfaces. The toughness, dur ability, and economical service of white lead has been proved by long years of experience. [5] L 1*25578 Above left, the under eave flashing and, right, flashing vertical corners with hard lead. Below, a corner window with lead sill pan, and, at right, /Ae /ead flashing formed around the base of the corner angle-iron [6] Hard Lead Flash in Constructing UNUSUAL ATTENTION HE ease with which hard lead Tflashing meets the waterproofing problems incident to the construction of small homes of modern design is demonstrated by a recentl y completed home in North Stamford. Conn. More over, in addition to lead flashing, dur able lead plumbing is employed, and all interior and exterior painting is done with pure white lead and oil. The home is in the $8,000 to $10,000 class. In past years, flashing on small homes has generally consisted of simple and standard applications such as valleys and window and door heads. However, flat decks, corner windows, and the other devices of the modernstyled home demand careful flashing attention. In this home the roof slopes onlv about 10 deg. Overhanging the side walls about 3 ft., it is sheathed with plywood and covered with built-up asphalt roofing. A sheet-lead slag stop is used around the outside edge of the roof to retain the slag and act as a flashing to cover the joint between the roof sheathing and the fascia board. In installing a slag stop the fascia board should be brought up above the roof sheathing about i/o 'nand beveled, or a cant strip should be nailed to the top of the roof edge. A thin continuous lead cleat is then nailed to the fascia and locked to the lead slag stop. This is brought up the fascia, over the cant strip and back onto the roof slope about 5 or 6 in. under the top layer of built-up roofing. The strips are laid in 8-ft. lengths loose-locked together and to the sup porting cleat. On the underside of the roof the overhanging rafters are finished with plywood painted with white lead. Where the plywood intersects the ver tical side walls the joint is sealed against wind and moisture with lead flashing. The lead is laid in 3-ft. lengths, extending out about 6 in. be- L*A255?9 shih L Many Problems 3 b| f | Modern Design iSh in c NEW SMALL HOME tween the overhang of the rafters and the plywood, and down the exterior walls behind the top shingle course. At the vertical corners of the house the building paper, which was to have been used to waterproof the corners, cracked and split on the job. For permanent protection, therefore, it was replaced with lead soaker flashings interwoven with the shingle courses in the same way as closed valley and sidewall flashing. Lead window-head flashings were used over all windows, both wood and steel, as well as lead sill pans under the window sills and roof deck doors. The sill flashing, in one case, presents an interesting example of the work ability of lead. It was necessary to set a corner casement window in two sections using a steel angle iron as the structural corner member for fas tening the casements. The angle iron, however, had a square base which rested on the framing and extended inside about 4 in. further than the bottoms of the casements. This inter fered with the lead sill pan but was easily taken care of by notching the pan at the corner and soldering in a separate piece of lead which sheathes the angle-iron base. Thus the entire casement is watertight. A flat deck with a parapet wall, 12 in. thick, is used over the garage. The parapet through-wall flashing extends down on the inside of the wall about 4 in. and on the outside down 1 in. to form a drip. No greater than 8-ft. lengths were installed, loose-locked to gether and coated with asphaltum. A cement cap on top of the lead throughwall flashing finishes off the parapet. Where the deck intersects the verti cal walls of the house, base and cover flashings are installed in the usual manner, extending out onto the deck about 6 in. and up behind the first shingle course. These are in 8-ft. loose-locked sheets. An inside leader drains the roof View oj parapet through-wall flashing installed, before coating with asphaltum and before setting coping. It is in 8 ft. lengths with unsoldered overlapped joints between sections. Exposed loose edges of lead flashing should be hemmed under about % in. to provide added rigidity Above left, lead chimney flashing is installed in the usual manner. The lead slag stop can just be seen at the left where it dies into the chimney flashing. Above right, erecting the chimney. The joint between the brick chimney and shingled wall is flashed with strips oj lead, installed in short sections and overlapped. Below, the lead flashing and fascia band for the composition deck [7] L IA 2 5 5 6 0 1 deck and was specified as a box drain. A short piece of plywood is nailed between two garage roof beams form ing a box. This is lined with sheet lead soldered at the bottom to an ex tension piece of lead pipe which is calked into the leader. The top of the box. at the roof deck level, is soldered to a lead flashing for the roof drain. The flashing extends out about 1 ft. on all sides of the drain, and on the sides near the parapet, forms a base flashing. The box method has the ad vantage over a plain roof drain in that it provides more drainage space for the roof and helps to prevent stoppage. Around the roof drain the lead flash ing is crimped to form a gravel stop. A second roof deck is covered with a composition deck material laid in small squares. At the walls it is flashed with base and cover flashing. On the outside, lead strips are run under the deck material and down behind the fascia board about half way. Here they are brought through the fascia and provide an attractive band around the bottom of the fascia as well as flashing protection. The joint between the chimney and the vertical walls is flashed with 8-ft. sheets of lead, overlapped, built into the brickwork and.brought out behind the shingles. Chimney flashing, ventpipe flashing and other simple flash ings were installed in accordance with general practice. Except for the para pet-wall flashing, which was 3-lb. hard sheet lead, all flashings were 21/2-lb. hard sheet lead. Very simply and economicallv, at cost competitive with other materials, hard lead flashing overcomes the sev eral problems found in this type of construction as well as in ordinary flashing. Moreover, with lead there is no danger of staining on siding or other materials. Furthermore, since hard sheet lead is a homogeneous ma terial all the way through, and not just a coating, there is the added pro tection of thickness, double guarantee of durability and trouble-free service. George C. O'Neill was the sheet metal contractor for this home, and Joseph LiVolsi the general contractor. Both are of Stamford, Conn. A Quarter-Century Life for a White Lead Paint Job TRIKING examples of the gradual Further information given was that S even wear of white lead may be the last painting, in 1915, was done found in a study of the old houses of with pure white lead and oil, and this New England. One of the most inter is borne out by the manner of wear esting of these cases is the old Manse typical of pure white lead paint. The in Concord, Mass. Constructed in 1769 old Manse provides an outstanding ex by the Rev. Wm. Emerson, grand ample of the durability and excellent father of the essayist, this house re characteristics of lead and oil. After mains today as a memorial to early 25 years of exposure to severe New New England architecture. England weather, this house still When recently seen, the paint on shows a tenacious film of white lead this house seemed to have been neg adhering to the wood surface in excel lected for a long time, and informa lent condition for repainting. tion received was that it had not been A study of the house reveals an in painted since 1915. Close examina teresting type of construction peculiar tion revealed that, although not to the early American period. The painted for 25 years, a layer of paint clapboards on the side walls are lap- was still clinging firmly to the wood. jointed rather than butt jointed as is The paint previously used had worn common practice today. The ends of down from the surface by gradual each clapboard were beveled to a even wear, without cracking. feather edge and matched to each other. With this arrangement, a single nail driven through the center of the joint grips both adjoining boards. An examination of the close-up photo graph illustrates how this was done. It will be noticed that all these joints are held with large hand wrought nails. No sign of disintegration or rusting of these nails could be seen. No home or building owner expects to allow a quarter of a century to pas> between paint jobs. But it sometime: is unavoidable to allow unusually long periods between paintings, and if this does happen to a pure white lead job. one may be sure that the paint will grow old gracefully and be ready for a repaint job at any time. There is no cracked and scaling paint to be re moved by expensive burning and scraping. The following is from Consumers' Guide, published by the United States Department of Agricul ture: "When worn out, a coating con sisting wholly of white lead, on woods that hold paint well, will still go through- a long period of neglect during which it looks shabby but not unkempt. After such neglect, a white lead surface can easily be repainted without undue expense." The old Manse, Concord, Mass., erected in 1769 and last painted a quarter century ago with pure white lead and oil. Note in the close-up the excellent condition of the surface for repainting [8] L IA25561 Ready-to-Use Pure White Lead Paint Now Available in White and Colors URE white lead paint, ready-to-use, tributed from such key centers as Pin white and colors is now being Chicago, St. Louis, Milwaukee, Boston. produced by several paint companies. Philadelphia, Richmond, York, Pa., Heretofore, white lead has been gen and other cities to many localities in erally available only in paste form quantities sufficient to take care of and mixed on the job with linseed oil spring painting orders. and tinted to taste or specification. Buyers now have the choice of pur Now those who do not wish to re chasing paste white lead, which can be duce white lead paste to paint consis mixed properly for all common sur tency may purchase the ready-to-use faces and tinted exactly as desired, or product in many localities throughout the convenient readv-to-use white lead the United States. It is being dis paint in white or popular colors. WaterWorks Convention The 1940 annual convention of the American Water Works Association will be held April 21 through 25, with headquarters in the Hotel Muehlebach, and meetings and exhibits at the Municipal Auditorium, Kansas City, Mo. Everyone interested in the many problems of water works operation should attend to participate in and receive the benefit of useful papers and dis cussions and to see the instruc tive exhibits. All are cordially invited to visit the Lead Indus tries Association booth. HE Lead Industries Association re valuable bulletins based upon the in Tceives many inquiries from read formation derived from studying the ers of LEAD about paint. In thispaints sold within its borders. To the column we shall endeavor to provide uninitiated some of the disclosures helpful basic data about paint to assist made by the North Dakota publica anyone who wants to pursue the sub tions will be found very enlightening. ject further. A study of paint, and the For example, the recent bulletin of ability readily to distinguish between the North Dakota Regulatory Depart high quality and low quality paint, ment* publishes the composition of a will be found to repay the architect, large number of paints sold in North engineer and contractor many times Dakota and while there are many over. Unfortunately, basic technical high-grade paints reported in the bul information about paint is not general letin. there are also a number of very ly found in handbooks on materials of low-grade paints in some of which the building construction or other sources pigment contains an excessive amount relied upon by the technically trained of extender materials and the vehicle for helpful, authoritative data. is adulterated with water. Paints of The best place to go for reliable this low-grade class do not conform to paint information is to unbiased, im generally accepted standards such as partial sources such as Federal Gov the specification paints of the Federal ernment Bureaus, particularly the Government. Forest Products Laboratory of the It is generally acknowledged that U. S. Department of Agriculture and white lead is a very important ingredi the National Bureau of Standards or ent in exterior paints and some of the States which have studied the subject. low-grade paints listed in the North In this connection the reports of the Dakota bulleti-1 contain very little, if North Dakota Regulatorv Department any, white lead, which in itself is a are particularly illuminating. definite indication of exterior paints Some years ago North Dakota of inferior quality. adopted legislation designed to pro Isn't it a pity that when the user tect the farmer from the sale of fraudu , buys such low grade paints and goes lent paint. In the interim North Dako to the trouble of having them applied, ta has published many interesting and all the hard work and expense goes for [9] naught, for the paint at best will have only a short and unsatisfactory life. The reason why low grade paints do not contain white lead is that white lead costs paint manufacturers about five times as much as extenders. White lead is. therefore, conspicuous bv its absence in low'-grade paints. Some of the most satisfactory ex terior painting work is done with pure white lead paint which is usually made for each particular job by thinning paste white lead with linseed oil. tur pentine and drier in accordance with well understood formulas which have long stood the test of time. Such paint is readily made in any paint shop or may be mixed on the job and raav be tinted to any desired color by adding the proper amount of tinting color materials. In some exterior paints, other white pigments are added for certain purposes, particularly to in crease the hiding power, but all high quality exterior paints should contain a large proportion of white lead and one excellent method of judging the quality of an exterior paint is to note the amount of white lead contained in the formula. * Bulletin No. 53, Paints and Varnishes, by F. Roberts and C. S. Ladd. Published by North Dakota Regulatory Department, Bis marck, N. D,, 1938. Price 50c. Lia?5 5e? Chemical Tank and Laboratory Table-Tops Made of Lead At left, lead burning the seams in a lead-lined chemical tank; at right, one of 203 lead-covered laboratory tables and leadlined sinks OR use in conjunction with corro advantages for laboratory tables. Be Fsive chemicals, lead is one of the ing relatively soft it greatly reduces most economical and efficient materialsbreakage of laboratory glassware, sav at the disposal of engineers. Great ing loss of solutions and time. Appara quantities of sheet lead and lead pipe tus may be securely fastened down to are used in the construction and opera table-tops through the lead covering tion of chemical and industrial plants with ease, and, if removed later, the as well as in laboratories and similar holes can readily be closed. Also, to institutions. insure exposure of resistant lead only, In the photographs two jobs are plugs, washers, and stoppers for sinks shown, fabricated for companies in are available from manufacturers. San Francisco, Cal. On the right is Sheet lead for chemical installations the installation of a lead laboratory should, generally, weigh not less than table-top, one of 203 units. These 6 lb. per sq. ft., although in many cases table-tops are made of sheet lead with it may be advisable to use even thicker all joints and seams lead-burned. sheets. Lead pipe for laboratory Thus, on the top of the tables or in the wastes and vents should be specified sinks, only lead is exposed to the "B" or "M" weight in accordance with chemicals used. In the other photo the accompanying table. graph a wooden form is being lined In determining the weight of lead with sheet lead to form a chemical pipe in chemical plants, however, tank. All joints and seams are also other factors such as temperature and lead-burned. corrosiveness of the solutions should In addition to the corrosion resist be considered. All branches and joints ance of lead this material has other in lead pipe and sheet lead for chemi cal installations should be lead-burned to insure that only a homogeneous sur face of lead is exposed to corrosives. Pliable and highly workable sheet lead and lead pipe make the fabrica tion of chemical equipment easier. This factor, plus the high salvage value of lead, mean added economy. The fact that lead is highly serviceable in such installations is proved by the many thousands of tons of sheet lead and pipe installed every year in plants and laboratories where many varied corrosive chemicals are made, han dled. or stored. The accompanying list contains some of the more commonly used chemicals with which lead may be em ployed. It is recommended, however, that tests be run prior to installation because operating conditions affecting performance vary from job to job. Various concentrations, temperatures, and added chemicals all have influence on the proper selection. "B" or "M" Weight Lead Pipe Dia. Wt. Per Ft. in. lb. oz. w* 3 12 1 % 5 .. 2 7 .. Dia. Wt. Per Ft. in. lb. oz. 2 >/2 10 10 3 12 8 4 16 6 * -rait Aluminum Sulphate - Ammonia Vapor Ammonium Sulphate Antimony Tri-Chloride Bleach Liquors Brown Acid Mother Liquor Carbonates. Soluble Chlorine Gas Hydrofluoric Acid Koch's Acid Mixed Acids Nitration Mixture of H*Acid Para-nitrophenol Phosphoric Acid Phosphorous Chloride Reductions Sodium Bisulphate Sodium Chloride Solution, or sea water Sodium Hydrosulphite Sodium Hyposulphite Sodium Sulphate Sodium Sulphide Sodium Sulphite Sulphonations Sulphur Chloride Sulphur Dioxide Sulphuric Acid Sulphurous Acid Sulphuryl Chloride Zinc Chloride [10] LIA25583 AAttractive Eugene, Oregon, Home Painted with White Lead URE white lead and oil decorate Pand protect this charming Eugene, Oregon, residence. For the interiors four coats of white lead were used, mixed on the job and tinted to desired shades, insuring a permanently attrac tive and washable finish. The warm, spotless white of the exterior is one of the many reasons why architects, builders, and owners choose white lead for better painting. Moreover, this beauty of white-lead painted homes lasts for many years due to white lead's durability and may be refreshed at minimum expense in the future, for white lead surfaces require no costly future preparation. Graham Smith of Eugene, Oregon, was the architect for this home, and J. E. Cupps of the same city was the painting and decorating contractor. An attractive residence in Eugene. Oregon, designed by Graham Smith and painted inside and out with pure white lead and oil The following articles and reprints contain information, drawings and specifications on the use of lead products helpful to architects, engineers and others in the construction industry. They are available, free of charge, upon request to the Lead Industries Association, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York City. WHAT TO EXPECT FROM WHITE LEAD PAINT An attractive 28-page booklet with charts, formulas, and mix ing instructions covering some of the problems of painting and how white lead meets these problems. PAINTING YOUR HOME by Dr. F. L. Browne, Senior Chemist, Forests Products Laboratory, Madison, Wise. A discussion of house painting reprinted from American Forests, May, 1939. SOME PAINTING PROBLEMS AND THE ANSWERS by Dr. F. L. Browne, Senior Chemist, Forests Products Laboratory, Madison, Wise. Reprinted from the National Real Estate Journal, Sept., 1939. WHITE LEAD PAINT FOR MUNICIPAL, COUNTY AND STATE GOVERNMENTS Specifications and information covering the purchase, use, and application of white lead paint. STAMFORD'S DOUBLE LIFETIME HOME A complete analysis of hard lead flashing, white lead paint, lead plumbing, plywood and red cedar Certigrade shingle details and installation methods. Reprinted from the Ameri can Builder, July, 1939. SHEET LEAD INSTALLATION DETAILS A detailed analysis of the principles and application of lead flashing and sheet lead work for small homes. Reprinted from Sheet Metal Worker, June, 1939. SUMMARY OF NOTES ON LEAD ROOFING Reprinted from Sheet Metal Worker. SHEET LEAD SHIELDING X-RAY ROOMS A discussion of X-ray protection and installation methods re printed from Sheet Metal Worker. PLUMBING CODES--AN ANALYSIS AND SURVEY By Robert Dick, Member, Research Committee, American Society of Sanitary Engineering. A detailed study of modern plumbing ordinances, their pur pose, deficiencies, proposed remedies and future outlook. LASTING LEADWORK IN MODERN PLUMBING By T. N. Thomson, Technical Editor, Plumbing and Heating Journal. Reprinted from Plumbing and Heating Journal, Feb., 1939. LEAD PUT IN AT SCREW PIPE COST ON COMMODORE PERRY PROJECT Reprinted from Plumbing and Heating Business, Jan., 1940. UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WELL COOPERATE, WITHOUT OBLIGATION, IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS [11] Li A2558 There's a SERMON on PAINT in this HISTORIC CHURCH OW much good paint contributes H to the preservation of good architec ture is strikingly illustrated by this lovely old Long Island church, built in 1784. In all its 156 years not a single wooden shingle has had to be replaced -- due in no small part to the protection against the ravages of time and weather afforded by pure white lead paint used exclusively in renewing its gleaming beauty through the years. It's worth remembering that white lead --made from the metal lead--gives paint 156 YEARS YOUNG--First Presbyterian Church, Huntington, Long Island, built in 1784 and protected since its erection by pure white lead paint. an elasticity and toughness which en ables it to last for years without cracking and scaling. And it's pretty safe to say: the higher the lead content, This not only insures longer wear and lasting beauty --it also forms an impervious seal against the elements, protecting the construction beneath. the better the paint. You can't, for example, get a more durable paint than one containing one hundred per cent white lead. This is the kind good painters mix from lead-in-oil. In many localities it is also sold And when you consider in addition that white lead's now in prepared, ready-to-use form -- in white high spreading-rate makes it one of the most econom and colors. ical pigments to use, it's easy to understand why paints made with white lead are preferred by so many leading architects. LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 420 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y. That's why it's a good idea in specifying paint to make sure how much white lead it contains. WHAT RANGE OF COLORS CAN YOU GET WITH WHITE LEAD? This is only one of many important paint questions you'll find fully answered in the valuable book let "WHAT TO EXPECT FROM WHITE LEAD PAINT." Send for your free copy today. PRINTED IN U. S. A. BY PUBLISHERS PRINTING COMPANY NEW YORK CITY LIA25585