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?> Industrial Hygiene Digest Sliteiatuie Qbshacts '* MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL -- decisions and trends $ndushial Health Tlews i! t> i ii % JmW jfeMhfcr By INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUI PITTSBURGH(13).PJL Pl| EXHIBIT WV-0a4.11 i ..'. ' *'. r'*<k4/! !? /A .NVSISNf 'Vfll. 6. FACTS *KSC553mBB Fund*tin Facts lc a monthly n*w.|*tt*f I to Intfuctrlcf eonccrna holding membership In Industrial Hygiene Foundation. The Foundation ie a non-profit association of Industrie* for the advancement of healthful working conditions. March, 1944 No. 3, Annual Meeting Proceedings Published The Proceedings for the Foundation's Eighth Annual Meeting, containing ouch ^practical data on manpower maintenance in industry, was mailed to members recently* fhe subjects covered in the publication fall into four main groups: 1* Medical 2. Engineering 3* Industrial Relations 4* Legal .`s The panel, "Putting the Disabled Veteran Back to Work," a highpoint of the annual meeting of members, was published separately from the Proceedings to expedite circulation. Additional copies of this panel discussion are available upon request* The annual meeting of members is one of the most valuable services of Foundation mem bership. Accordingly, the Proceedings should be examined carefully and routed to all interested persons within each member's organization. New Members and Subscribers Latest additions to the Foundation's membership list are: American Optical Company, Van Cleef Bros., and Vanadium Corporation of America* New subscribers ate: Fairfield Air Service Command, Ohio; Medical Supply Officer, Ft. Mason, Cal.; Ministers Santa & B.E. Social Hygiene, Quebec, Canada; Netherland Government Commission fo& ; Scientific Docunentation, and tho Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry* Seen in the News DETROIT, March 11 (UP) -- R.J. Thomas, President, United Automobile Workers (CIO) today declared that his union "was no longer satisfied" to bargain for wages : &' and hours only and announced the union would negotiate clauses containing health stead* ard&rfor-workers.... He said, "The health of pur workers in the shop is an immediate .problem,and it must be met and solved through collective bargaining." ^ 1 ' Sacramento, Calif* -- Women workers who repair bullet-proof airplane gaso line tanks at Mather Field are equipped with oxygen masks and officials say this imo* vation. cuts repair time; at least in half* The patching is done by small women who crawl .through a narrow opening in the tank* Formerly they had to come out every four '~ 4 or five, minutes or risk suffocation from fumes* ' 2 Practical Procedures *V A plant manager, studying jobs in his shop that disabled veterans might pen? 1 fora, observed: "When I see a. man running a machine with one hand in his pocket Z ' . make a mentals note that he could probably .operate another machine and a one-armed 4 veteran^ Gould-do that job** : - \ .. . ' Executive ^Secretary, National Industrial . Sand Association and ' ;6ecrethr3r of the Foundation' s Board of Trustees, has been appointed an Industry Mee* her 6f the National War Labor Board. ...Industrial Hygiene Helps Maintain Manpower. *IAU HVOIENE FOUNDATION 440O FIFTH AVENUE FITTSBUFOH (*). FA- Industrial Hygiene Digest - 17 -;>3 r.hlorohydro carbon Solvents* E.V;. McGovern. Ina. Eng. Chem., 35, 1230-1239 (December, 1943). Included in a comprehensive paper on the properties of chlorohydrocarbon solvents is a section on toxicity. The toxicities of a number of the solvents in them selves are of the same order of magnitude, but carbon tetrachloride and ethylene dichioride ore practically more toxic than other liquids of somewhat higher molecular weight on account of their higher vapor pressures. Methyl and ethyl chlorides have low toxicities, but, being gases at ordinary temperatures, the effect of leakage is a high concentration of the vapors with increased fire and health hazards. Chlorofonn, beta-trichlorothane, and especially tetrachlorethane, possess high toxicities, and must be used with precautions although their vapor pressures are low. In general, human beings should not be exposed to atmospheres in which the odors of chlorohydrocarbons are detectable. However, they may be all rendered sgfe by the use of proporly designed equipment. Danger in skin con tact and decomposition at higher temperatures v.lth fomation of more toxic sub stances are discussed briefly, as are also methods of detection. Bagasse Disease of the Lung. W.A. Sodeman and R.L. Pullen. New Orleans Med. & Surg. J, 95_, 558-560 (June, 1943). A case of bagasse disease of the lung is reported together with the findings at biopsy in an involved area of the lung. - The picture appears to be that of an organic pneumoconiosis. It is evident that particles of bagasse may enter the alveolar regions and produce this reaction. The mechanism of the changes, and the nature of the stimulus set up by the bagasse dust to produce the cellular reaction, remain obscure. 5 Pneinoconiosis and Working Conditions in Coal Mines. Brit. Med. J. No. 4316, 395-396 (September 25, 1943). . The Committee on Industrial Pulmonary Disease has been unable to draw final con clusions on causation or differences in incidence of pneumoconiosis in the South toales coalfield. Anthracite dust is more dangerous than that of bituminous nines. The most important measure in prevention is the reduction of dust breathed by the miners. To this end, the committee advocates a series of procedures which are discussed in this article: (1) maintenance of adequate ventilation, (2) use of water to prevent dust dispersion, (3) allaying of dust in roadways and at loading points, (4) reduction of shot-firing to a minimum, with fewest possible men exposed, (5) regulation of ripping processes, and (6) prevention of chill during spake journeys. cc Liquefaction Necrosis in Bilateral Symmetrical Conglomerate Lesions of Anthracosilicosis of Lung: Report of Case. B.J. McCloskey, An. J. Roentgenol., 50, 42-45 (July, 1943). It is the intention of the author to show that the correct interpretation of the entgen appearance of necrosis and cavitation in the conglomerate lesions of anthracosilicosis may be very difficult. A case is reported, showing these le sions, uncomplicated by tuberculosis. The only known exposure to silica was when the man worked as a pick miner in a soft coal mine for a period of 12 years and there was no exposure for a period of 44 years before his death. The roentgen ologic appearance of the necrotic areas was that of consolidation or pleural thickening.-. At sutopsy each cavity was found to contain thick, .black, viscid fluid, which showed no free silica on examination. Examination of the cavity wall and surrounding lung tissue showed a content of 0.25 per cent silica. A New Radiologic-Social Classification of Pulmonary Silicosis. R.Lorca and others. Bol. de la oficina sanitaria panamericana. 22, 976-981 (November. 1943). (Spanish). The authors review the principal systems of classification of silicosis, includ ing that of Irvine and that adopted at the International Conference in 1930. They Industrie! Hygiene Digest - 18 then propose the following classification, reducing the eight groups to five: (l) exposed but showing no silicosis; (2) suspicious; (?) confirmed phase No. 1, initial nodular fibrosis; (4) confirmed phase No. 2, marked nodular fribrosis; (5) confirmed phase No. 3, confluent nodular fibrosis. 2^8 Asbestosis and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. R. Desmeulcs and others. Laval med., 8, ' 17 (March, 1943). (French). Asbestosis is an occupational disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos dust. It is diagnosed by the presence of asbestos bodies in the sputum, and is charac' terized by the transformation of normal lung tissue into fibrous tissue. Symp toms appear usually five to seven years after the beginning of exposure. Both asbestosis and tuberculosis were seen in 8 workers exposed to asbestos dust for 20 years. In three of these cases asbestosis was mashed by tuberculosis. 259 Asbestosis and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. R. Lesroeules and li. Giroux. Laval Med., 8, 227 (March, 1943). (French). The case hi story of a 44 yehr old man is given who had worked for 20 years in en asbestos mill. After 10 years he had developed productive cough which increased gradually. Shortly before he was admitted to the hospital he started to run fever and had pains in the chest.- The clinical diagnosis of ulcero-fibrous tuberculosis and asbestosis was Confirmed by the autopsy. Diffuse peribronchial and porialveolar's.clerosis was-also seen. It is believed that the first symptoms of asbestosis appeared ten years before the symptoms of tuberculosis, but the matter could not be decided radiologically and pathologically. 290 Asbestosis Bodies. M. Giroux. Laval Med., 8_, 239 (March, 1943). (French) . The "curious bodies" found in the sputum of patients suffering from pulmonary asbestosis usually measure 24 to 50 mu by 12 to 24 mu but can be as large as 250 mu. They consist of a'central fiber of asbestos which is covered by a goldenyellow substance containing iron. Rabbits, guinea pigs and one dog were exposed to inhalation of asbestos dust. Asbestosis did not develop in the rabbits nor in the dog. Thu guinea pigs showed, after several weeks, macrophages with asbes tos fibers in their alveoli. Erythrocytes appeared in the alveoli, and hemoglo bin derivatives containing iron could be found on asbestos fibers two to three months after the beginning of the inhalation of the asbestos dust. When a sus pension of asbestos in olive oil was injected subcutaneously or into the testi, cles of guinea pigs no asbestos bodies were formed. However, if first one cc. of blood was injected and then the asbestos dust through the same needle, asbes tos bodies could.be found one month later. The presence of asbestos bodies in the sputum is believed, to be a definite sign of pulmonary asbestosis. :'?1 Coincidence of Primary Carcinoma of the Lungs and Pulmonary Asbestosis. F.Homburger. Am. 1. Path., 19_, 797-807 (September, 1943). In the medical literature there arc now at least 19 known cases of asbestosis associated with primary pulmonary carcinoma. In 4137 autopsies at the pathology laboratory at Yale University School of Medicine, there were 45 cases of pulmon ary carcinoma in the years from 1918 to 1938. Asbestosis was diagnosed 8 times, silicosis 17 times. Pulmonary carcinoma was found in 4 of the 3 cases of asbes tosis and twice in the 17 silicotic coses Despite the high correlation of the foreign body asbestosis in the lungs with primary pulmonary carcinoma, this is a small series of cases and the value of these data is limited. Three cases are given in detail. The diagnosis of pulmonary asbestosis was diagnosed according to the following criteria; ' (l) fibroses of the lung and (2) presence of asbes tosis bodies. -' ndustri&l Hygiene Digest - 19 <02 Pulmonary Asbestosis. L. Rousseau. Level Med., 8_, 233 (March, 1943). (French). "v The radiological picture of pulmonary asbestosis is not characteristic; it is usually similar to that of tuberculous fibrosis. The diagnosis is, therefore, often made only after asbestos bodies have been found in the sputum. Asbestos fibers may be seen in the sputa of individuals who do not suffer from asbestosis; asbestos bodies are due to a pathologic tissue reaction. Microscopical examina tion of the lungs of patients who have died from .an intorcurrent disease may show asbestosis, which had not been found op X-ray examination. The case history of a 42 year old man with asbestosis without tuberculosis is given. The patient had been working in the asbestos industry for 18 years. For 2 years the patient had been suffering from increasing cough, expectoration and dyspnea. Roentgenological cxemination showed mottling of both lungs. Sputa and gastric examinations were negative for tubercle bacilli. Asbestos bodies were found in the sputum. Methods of Detection and Determination The-Quantitative Determination of Cyanide in Air. D. Lester. J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox,, 26, 61-63 (February,; 1944)..,' , - . .. The author describes a method for cyanide deteinination based upon the colori- metric measurement -of cyanide derivative formed from methemoglobin exposed to air containing cyanide. An air. sample of .1. liter is sufficient for determining a Concentration as low as 1 part per million, .with an error of 0.1 parts per million, higher concentrations to 2% accuracy. The colorimetric measurement de pends upon the change'in light absorption of methemoglobin at wave length 635 milli-nicrons, which decreases with the conversion in accordance with the Beers- Lambert lawv -Full details of collection and determination procedures are given. r-54 Sampling and "Analysis of Air Contaminants. F.H,. Goldman. Indeed., 15, 100-103 (January, 1944). The analysis of air for various contaminants especially substances produced for r :military use, is described briefly. The standard impinger and midget impinger may be used for the collection of ammonium picrato, dinitrotoluene, tetryl, TNT, nitroglycerine, morcury fulminate, tracer bullet mixtures, fluorides, metal fumes, chlorinated hydrocarbons and war gases. The tests after collection are indicated very briefly.- The Shepherd bottle is used for collecting substances such>s nitrogen oxides or benzene, as one type of a grab sampler. The electro static precipitator and the benzol indicator are discussed briefly, with mention of other special methods. :. ^95 Analysis of Atmospheric Contaminants Containing.Nitrate Groupings. H. Yagoda and F.H. Goldman. J. Ind. Hyg. &Tox., 25, 440-444 (December, 1943). Methods are described for the estimation of nitroglycerine, PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate) j nitrous'fumes; and'ammonium/nitrate, ir. atmospheres arising from i^itfacturing processes'. The analyses'are based on the nitration of m-xylenol .i-n.^1.5^; stilfuri'c acid and the colorimetric determination of the nitro-xylenol isolated byv a- simple Vteam distillation', -1 Authors* summary. 96 Dust Measurement. W.Grundmenn. Arch.tech.MesSon Lfg. 126, T. 152,2 (1941).(German) Dust measurement ,is. possible with the Tyndaliometer by determination of the in tensity of the scattered light of the dusty atmosphere. Calibration curves for the various sorts of dust must be made because the effects of size, form and op tical surface effects of the dust particles must be eliminated to secure an accurate measurement of the dust concentration.. Industrie EygiQ* Foundation (Initial 4 Forvard) . f TJIn iaal>ttj *.tt . INDUSTRIAI. HYGIENE FOUNDATION ' 4400 nm ATOU1 . ffi i atiJioK a4>, . Industrial Hygiene Digest # ' *--**--*% ' INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 TOTH AVSHOS KTlSBQBaXa*>,M Vol> 5. FOUNDATION FACTS March. 1944 Ffcctf it i ff'Qfltftty n9wa.ittp ; tv < Hy$ian* Tt* rWAOtfA ' 9 **.**#<*9 w9twIfntJVnuftvU* fp tn No. 3. Annual Meeting Proceedings Published The Proceedings for the Pounda: practical 4ata oa manpower maintenance The subject* cowered in the puhXXcat s Bighth Annual Meeting, containing ouch iustry, was mailed to members recently, into four main groups: \ty Industrial delation* Legal The annual meeting circulation* The ann bership^^e^Plinglyr tj interwge&aerson* withii .the Disabled Veteran Bade to Wdrfcjf hgtifeMpoint of the llshed. separately from the Ameg^rags to expedite fthis panel discussion are ambgLable upon request* ~ ot the- most aluah^uirrtces of foundation man s should be aTwtfvaaq&rarefully sad routed to all ' Latest- addition* Company* Van CleefLBros. *ad fairflaid Air Serric* Sente & 3*2* Social 3?gt Scientific Dccuaentatioj I irf membership list are: American Optical ttlon of America* Hem subscribers are: Ly Officer ft* Mason* Cal.; Ministers irland Government Commission for it of Labor and Industry. Sees March U fUPi -- ft.X. 9 United Automobile Vcrhers that kin union "warn no loggerxsa to bargain for wages y and etma^mced the union would n^fiegfckte C2* containing health stand- . .. Stmti* m*. health of Qv&xtgksra shop is an ln&ediate and,it muat ^e jae^and^soXTed through calliietiee b 0 - - - " ' *' ''r'*. ?? * * . - deowietffie*. Cal*.'-- Mian worterr who re et-proot airplane gaso line tank* strKat&er fleldLsp* equipped with oxygen aastaMrid officials say this lao- ratios cuts In The partobi^ by sail waaen who crawl through Opapfag la the tatfe*; Ibxw&y they one out erery four or firm ` " -7*; . ;* -if: ^ R...-' i. - *> ' - -<' <-? *- **- f- K ' " Johm |n Mf 2tog that disabled, wstarnne sight per- tom* hearted* running' s~saehlhtt; wtth one Band in' hie packet I ma_k_e__at_m__a_n__te__l _.m__a_ts____. ,.<je$wbIy.ognrttf.another macftlna'w&`% one-aaned ~ ntou - *.'^^S^Wnrtrief'din^'lsiioeiation and Secretary os the FaraLatiop** Board oC tesieaty. has Bean, appointed an Industry *" bar oT;thn 5attolUr ?v *$? `wriiNC>rsgNeno> h-?2 *H '). **. March, 1944. Vol. VIII. 36. 3. Industrial ^ygleno Poundation, 4400 fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa* INDUSTRIAL Lit#] :eme digest News 220 Alum! la trto <v nsocurod Thiaranac (N.T.) tlgatlona ia this 'fid toor ccapanies Statement ?OUfi' altalma therapy, the 0* Gardner, Director, ps support Or. Gardner's inves- "I believe that al a doflaito possibilities as a preventive against s that in experimental animals it will preven progression of silico- sis* I all sura egent It invariably effect upoa symptoms igators have indi- X am interested ia seeing al usod in as man? different .typos of oxposure as possible is sufficient control so that its offacts ady bo seicatif evaluated* X ba lioTt that its greatest possibilities win bo in treating man who already hare early manifestation* of silicosls'^^^iat they can cootinua thsir present work without danger of further ^p^rossion. 1 would ` not "' re' *c'o--sae1n...d....i..t.s use by any employer who ... intends > to rsly upon aluminum as a preventive to th* exclusion of reoognized engin eering methods for the.control of a.silica dust hazard.* *' ' - Industrial Hygisns Digest - 2 221 gy Accidents. Assorting that only one pleat out of every eight has a* adequate safety program, C.Q. ebzzens* Vice President of the American Optical Company* announced that United States Industry is currently losing or repairing 200*000 eyes a year at an annual cost of 950*000*000. He said these industrial eye accldonts are res ponsible for an annual loss of 8,000*000 man days. Emphasizing that eye acci dents can be prevented by ordinary safety precautions* he reported that ?s of accidents occur on jobs regarded as una-hazardous to eyes. -- Cham. fc Sag. Hews. January 25* 1944. 222 `orence"on Industrial McS&ne. Hygiene and Nursing. _ ' " ustrial physicians* industrial hygieni^av^j^ son ;lcli l St. Louis, Mo,, Kay 8-14* at the tffrer- zations ore (1) American AasoclatigftjfciBiuatrial Physic! al Conferee' of Industrl 2) American Industrial Hygiene Asso^atlSl} (3) Nationits! Industrial Hygienists, and U& Jawnan Association cal subjects to be presentttMlneTude welding* noise plants* maladjustment^^! joV^nrlronaent, women in ons on "Who Can Wpkpo<|^rh0 industrial hygienists _ ^ Aln the syntha^fir^bor industry, radius, sol- toxicology o pok^&lltlet $_dssilica dust hazard from the inslve quartz crys TJt air fpllng in specific refer ence to the collection rand of lead fumes, and hazards ofc exposure to cadmium* les will consider postwar planning for nurses and medical serric 223 Absenteeism' Reduced* Absenteeism has been-^MuO^d' as tire measures* acsoMM^to R.C, Ohio* MlchigaikrahjisStucky, In so and in otbarn&wmwrs served on a ism waz^&c^d by setting up facilit aedinaXv^u, beauty treatments and bo 1943* some war plants by various correcwer Commission Director for es made certain improvements In another* case, absenteegasoline, tires* shoes, at the plant* -- Steel, zea Reduce Absentee! One company awards merit certificates to "Regular, that Is, to employ- ees who havs not lost time during a pay period $nal certificates for regular attendance for 3 months* After svsry peydSdjjLa jack-pot drawing is held for additional certificates, only ths "Regular Pall^5s%particlpating. The merit certificates are exchangeable for prizes that arySatalogued and displayed, The plan has been very eucceesful* -- L*R. Rhodes, In ^t^Uricetlag, fob. ,1944. 225 New Magazine* ^ The British Medical Association announces the publication o^a British Journal of Industrlsl Medicine, a quarterly journal* -- Cbattcal Trades I., Pebruary, 4* 1944. . ; : ; ; 226 New Standards group to be Ponted* Organization of an Allied Nations standards body was nr*TM*.** at the silver anni versary meeting;of the American Standards Association* The objective of tae~ new body will be maxim* coordination of standards necessary for the war effort"md the immediate postwnrperlod* 'A skeleton staff will have offices in London and in either'New York or Washington* -- Heat. & Vent., Pebruary, 1944* Industrial Hygien* Digest - 3 Legal 0TIopBM&t4 22? Scratches on lands Received In Coma* of B&plovmant as Portal of 2atrv for Tetanus Bacilli. ' Although, there was so witness who saw^he decedent sustain the accidental injur ia* to hi* hand*, th* fact* that aqgml day* prior to hi* illno** a* wall a* lat^th* employae showad variw^lse^ftchea on his hand# to hi* mother, hi* wif<And several fallow mloytkOlnd statad that ho had received than oledra#) screwdriver atttfMtoctfcry whara h* worked, and even in hi* dt$naj5*r mark bitftMr^ifl^M^w'statad that he racoirad th* scratches AT'vtJ^fac- tory, ato^tha tiGkjjgjS^np aaployer did sot show by any tridan^agm^tha in juries wOj^abst^^^pawhare there was evidence to substaatieSSfinding that the to the subsequent tetanus and ddgttgfepo*e out of the flfcpXbyaent^BMffrioaCftAtture Co. r, Butler. Arkansas pfjipyifle Ct* No.4-7218. January WM CC ~ 223 Lon of Tub* ugM8itlon by Hssi tart affiim* i ,,ut the deqiftu^epr'the Supnme Court where it bald that the at ^ !n* which precipitated a lung . hsoorrhage in aa empl \who from tuberculosis in either e Ar- meat or active state, !ficj institute an industrial accident and compensable injury since ^dent to the labor performed, whather ordinary or extraordinary \ccmpenseble accident* Cavanaugh t, Murphy Varnish Co, - < J ofN4Sotw and Appeals* No* 26, October Tom, 1943. January 27, :s)< Chemical Ssl< fe Sot Shown ^j^eusa^&Cataract. An employe a chamical^so ni.trot " splashed into his the a week to ten days the sod of alcohol, ether end di course of his employment and became blurred and continu- progressively worse until t riaioa in that eye. A of cataract was mad* with a lal&s concurring, but was able to stats that there was any single contact with such a chemical causing a cataract and, alt known to be In good general physical condition, it was not known If been a previous chronic oye disease,- and the fact that, there was naver or Irritation of the eye indicates the probability of a secondary change Chronic uveitis* All the evidence pointing to a pre-existing chronic eye the failure to eatab- lish any caneel relation between the incident of the in the eye with the cataract, the. loss of vision cannot he said to be a thereof* Carter v* Hercules Powder Co# Virginia Suprmu Ct* of Appeals 794* January 24, 1944. (CCS). 230 Causal Provocative Connection Between Seat Prostration and Death* On June 19, 1941, the employee was overcome by heat and ooke fumes In the course . of his employment and wag ^temporarily disabled for about three weeks when he re turned to work* On July . 23,, 1941 he quit work on account of sa alleged illness and disability, never again being employed* Es died on April 25, 1942 as the result of e valvular cardiac lesion* Prior to the incident of the heat prostra tion, the employee had been treated.by the., same physician who attended him after the exposure to heat and eokefuae* and continued to attend him up to the time Iadustriel fygUa* Digest - 4 or Us death* This physician testified that prior to ths incident of prostra tion, ths employee's lungs and heart ware in good condition and thereafter the lungs and bronchial tubes earo irritated and congested causing a strain upon dacodent's .heart# Since the evidence aust be viewed in the light most favorable to-claimant'and sicca there is evidence to support the finding of causal provoc ative connection, an award of compensation Bust bo affirmed. Combustion Engineer ing Co,, Inc# v Whatley# Tacness.ee Supreme Ct# February 5, 1944# (CCH).^^ 231 Aggravation of Pre-existing. Tubercular#a by Exposure to Irerganlc Dust* Where an employee became disable^UrySTtta aino or tea yaara employment -Kith r, because of an active Mafeniry tuberculosis, and ths report of tl diseaM^foreos ssated.^gnevertheles* it seems probable that past^wr a thmKjjbars, inhaled inorganic dusta w` -- have ba|&>euffic^^L^pN^uflty and of such an irritant nature flJ5\te^J*t as an excitin^^r^nt^S^Sj^dause in tha extent of Us present lu^Ss^rculoais,'* thore was "Mfis^BM^fedeace to find causal relation sln^itghpr^requently bean hald of experts, that a relation ptpESWy^cxiats between is such a relatio Case. Suffolk. J (CCH). 232 Although there is ^ whether or mat the poor vaatilation in the s was heavily.laden with starch from the fabrics usod, was t rating causa of tha ployee* s dis- abllng pulmonary tuberc verdlct awarding the employee 42,000 daasges must be affirmed, ay and evidence to support that finding by tha Jury# ' on February 9, 1940, show that the employee developed ; or before that date and the est ployee failed to brfiS er until February IS, 1941, the action is not bni^lf the limitations, since in cases where there/J|x\<^p&tinueus tort, s falling in this instance to provide prfi&raxhauat fans, the tations does not begin to run until^tSKutosof disability, which, 1940. The Goodall Co*dF\o&&n* tJ.S. Circuit Ct. of Appe llQS. 9431-9432. 15, 1944. (CCS). ' . 233 Report of the Bureau of Industrial Bvtdeas (State ef Connecticut).. A.S. Gray, Director. 57th Report of ths Connecticut State Department 6f Health, pp. 2S5- 320. (1942). - . This routine report testifies to increasing activity In the amber of flald trips, plants visited, laboratory determinations, etc., aad variety of sut ?cts investigated, which Include extensive studios of particular hazards proaec.. A by benzene, lead, fluoridea, lacquering solvents, electrolytic alkali cleaning, electroplating aad degreasing, with a number of other hasarda encountered on a smaller scale. ; The oamher of surveys of industrial conditions was 923, and is 2 studies of specific^hazarda .wereconducted*. Publicity feature# included 25 radio talks* The work in tho various flelds is tabulatod* Industrial Hygiene Digest - 5 234 Annu^T aeport of the Chiaf Inspector of Factories for the Tear 1942. Ministry of Labor tad Katlonal Service. Factory Sept. Cod* 6471, 1943* London: H.M. Stationary Office. . An incraasa of 66 par cant over the 1941 figure In the number of accidents to woman is due in part to the larger nistber employed in dangerous and heavy Indus tries. Fencing of machinery and veering of properly designed caps and other clothing are strongly advised for women. A safoty committee, with representatives of management and workers and onu or imto trained safoty officers should function in every factory of considerable si^tfcf Industrial lighting has been much i*. provj^j. with many installations gfjtlu^scent tubular lighting. Ventilation stllllaoor in some factories duri^3he hours of blackouts. Public opinion. and welfare deparoienta In all worft In dermatitis due to BfT, tetryl, tii3&iAa~n? _ be credited to the use of reconmiwt^irecauaickness and aniline poisoning caseeaSS&howed a denotifiable. Of 14 cases notif^J,ugjri?e associated lvents containing low proporupmd^T benzene. Pracedhancod risk of sl^Unklr^n steel foundries are tendency to reduaqfjmQ^y hours of work for all o multlplied^j^^^in factories and on docks 233 Absenteeism: M&nngemcn and J.P. Scott. Publication NoizS of the Graduate School o stratlon, George F. Barker, Harvard University, Boston. Dec Price 91.00. The authors made a syst entooia at three similar plants In the seme city, largely departeent of each plant be cause the absentee n their records each absence was counted, rc hod and by a comparison -under similar coad^tfqMM^fSe effect cf ccsceoly considered was minimized^ [mMa showed that the substantial percentage of aaply%e^rhc3firre one or no absences in the plant employees as a<too^ In the casting shops of the percentages with low Records was lower over the porlo 1942 to March 1, 1943. Ltlens wero probably due to changes and other working con- ftiona caused by gevemmeat regulations and' work. However, in the plant designated C the absenteeism settl esoneble figure after those disturbances, while in plant A it contin ng to the end of the study, plant B occupying an intermediate position authors traced this var- lation to difference# in labor policy. In plant A dual ploce work was the basis of wage#; tn C the payment was on the bajie of'6g shifts over a 24-hour period; in C the fos-men rotated work done by all s in such a way that they were in oontact with all groups of workmen, and we _ ponslbllity on mechanical work so that they could keep att eved of enough resce records and talk with the men about-abeeneo problas and complaint#. Ilf general, intelligent consideration of the.numerous problems by the managAsat was the greatest factor in reducing absenteeism. The authors believe that in most discussions of absen teeism the attitude of management is not given sufficient consideration. i.i : . v ." Industrial hygiene Digest - 6 Industrial Health. Hazards and Their Effects 236 Sewer Gas - Hazards la Swage Plants; C.S. MeSlnley. lad. Had.. 12, 304 (December* 1943) Hazards associated with this gas are: ,} poisonous gases, (2) inflammable gas- as that may causa explosion, and (3J %ciency of oxygen. Attention is called to tj^nazard of underground p\api often found in savage disposal plants^/Methods >xprevtntin*-fati lies in pumping pits are summarized.^? 237 Testing Kftu^Dits tEn*mts*L (1942) TOoSm) Lituld Oas and tha Carbon Monoxide Process* Tanas* Cluckauf. By choosing , itiea of tha mixture* adjus*taa<P4fYJkdess of air* condansatio^f^f^te.'' *tto, Diesel and Diesel gam angles, in particular with tha possible to countgg4gshe danger of carbon mono Tv . '-C^L r'XM 238 InThSlotiS Voiding FuwfiP* 29. 48, 49 {February,1944). The Vuthor, a welding o ftaua in nontechnical and non- medical language. The )0S( 'fumea are those from: (1) galvan- izad iron; (2) staihlaas s buraing of lead-based paints; ^nd (4) aluminum welding operatl 'uaes in tha galvanizing of iron, the hazard is metal fuse fever, collect in the.lungs, as many welders believe, but are Milk, warmth and avoidance of carbonated beveraga*>ai^4dvoc tflon. of fume fever* Tha injur- ioua fmes encdunt^fS^.wbiicing with^e (tael electrodes and welding sltt&nua are; thpad^uMftuorlne compound^ lentals of prevention by ex- haunt systeag^pjJaScussed very briefly^. of the Composition' of Arc-ftei* Taram* Davodsknya 737 (1940). (Russian). iposes a method for taking samples of ses for analysis* -tractor pipes are used as electrodes* One s of the pipe is carefully, welded and covered with the cos' investigation. The open end of the pipe is coaanected by means of a hp>tubing to a pipat and a vacuum system* ; Tha whole system is washed with tha r$fcaa `by means of a v-acuum pump, tho welding process started and the gas passed to,^h pipet by of a hydrostatic asreuxx pimp. Appropriately 200-300 cc* of obtained from one electrode. Analyses art given of electric arc gas obtainedpSbn varloua coatings of ths electrodes* 40 Hezerds from Arc Welding. Illinois Dept* of Lebor, Industrial Hygiene o U *actor* Inspection Div., XU* Labor Bull., ^ 4-6,23 (Augurt 31, 1943). rrevlcua studies have shown that a great variety of polsowus, irritating or enaoyiag dusts and gases may be found in welding' fiaes: nitrous fume, carbon "IS?1.?! fXuort(UJ silicates, ziae fna, laad f\*e, lime, chromiw, manganese, iron oxide, ate* Creates* Ignorance is in the field of welding rod coatings. The^ aro. at least three important factors in the work and the eariroeat: (i) ** I01?8* * ***** 804 (3) position of the welder. The Illinois dust counts from two eaglets the relation *f 6*ses and the relation to ventilating control. This study has l0CJl TatUatlon Is not only practical, but the only reliable method for controlling welding fma, Tha way In which this local exhauet must Industrial Hygieas Digest - 7 be applied in various operations la discussed at length. In locations where ven tilation aloao is inadequate, an efficient supplied air respirator is the solu tion*' Because welding fume has been shown to contain a complex mixture of haz ardous air contaminants, many of which give no warning of thalr presence, it is wisa to control the fume at tha sourca by positive means. Prevention is better than transient or compensation. . 241 Health Bazards_ln Welding. Ontario IJppert&ent of Health, Division of Industrial Hygiene* Pamphlet* 8 pp. Ho date., Ttt^boolclat describes brieflyA^hi^ith hazards encountered in welding anc proceduws. Tha gener&^Msslflcatlon of hazards is given and dd ` tionju^r loesdraxhaust aja^eneral ventilation. 7or eye protection*, shad^/o^jLcnse^^^^^^gjaod for various types of work. 242 The *' loslblllty of llatal Powders, I. and S.R. of Minos, Report of Invest. her, 1943) Dlv. of Intonation, O.S. B Hines, Washing- ton, D. An .oys dy of lnflasQabill &m* made m t losibility of 14 metals osion laboratory of the tental Coal Sectnfniof the " Tha testa made usually .uded: (1) ai minima energy needed for isni- tlon of dispersions layera; (2) rolatlva inflannability with two different no (3) minimum concentration required in a dispersion in air to maximum pressure end rate of pressure rise in small explosions; oxygen content of tha air needed to prevent ignition; and atmosphere on the powders. Most of the results are primmgjlh t summary covers 3 pages, so only a few of the most^t^^ng result r hero. The well temperature re- quired in a to 900C, ca to ignite to the metal ah? iapersiens in air varied from 315 m A dispersion of zirconium someth as at room temperatur energy is required for igni- Maximum pressure attai f pressure rise very widely, the highest figures for 72 r sq in. and 3,000 lbs. per second,- res-pectively- ,- and . 'P*0' maximum pressure. A large explosion of^^tfc in was roqulred to roach would wreck a plant, and large relief vents would sot .prevent damage _ s in decreasing trier of inflammability are: (1) zirconium, magnesl its alloys, aluminum tr: titanium; (2) reduced and carbonyl-iron* maagaae' nc, silicon, tin and r:i- mony; and. (3) cadnii, copper, chromium, lead and iron. In diluting 2ir with nitrogen, carbon dioxide and helium to reduce i .bllity, it was fo--nd that titanium, zirconium and magnesium and its alloys e in pura carbon di oxide, whethdr dispersed or in a quiasesnt layer, and i^fefcrogmn la a quiescent layer whan heated sufficiently. Much work remains to. be dbae on the subject, and 9 .field# for future investigation are listed* Mibers'^Lnterestdd in metal powders should obtain the entire :report from the above address* 243 Tnd Paptia Olcar - Analysis of Their Relationship. R.H. ?aler. In-. Med.. 12. 614-632 (September. 1943). Prom tha study of large number of ulcer cases the writer has found "the tddance, of primary, ulcere resulting from a . single blunt trmiatii unaccoc; *d with other sever* coaststing inj^es" to be 0.#. A small group of phys: zj still deny the existence of traumatogenic peptic ulcer under any eircistat s. Poet-traumatic neuroals may Indirectly result in peptic ulcer, in which ceiw toe aechan.ii operates through psychic factors of emotional stress on a subclinlual ulcer. The hlstorlee of nino litigated cases are reported. Industrial Hygiene Digest . 3 244 Dermatitis. from tooeure to Tear Gas, J.T. Ingram. Brit. J. Dermat., 54 319 (D.ebir. 19421. . ' Ingram reports a case of dermatitis in an officer exposed to a fairly high con : centratioa of tear gas (chloracetophenoae) m a confined space for three quarters of an hour. About seven hours later ha noticed irritation of the akin, especial ly in the flexures, quickly followed by a morbilliform truption which soon became blistered. Under slaplo treatment with baths and calamine lotion the condition resolved in tm weeks and loft the'patieat with no ill- effocts. 24S Occupational Acne.. L. Schwarts (September 13, 1943). Pock. N.T. State I. Med. A chemicals that tlonal acne is given* including a QCciwkmfl iit:^h^ph t aim, iMolnble ^ st exposure. Ths chemicals include asdV\ibtroi__ soluble cutting oils* coal tar and 4j*ifi5JSterials, phenyls, chlordiphanyloxlde, and soliroflg?enzol3 ture and location of ths sruptlor^ avfei^somewhat ` ths chemicals responsible. De^filgSire given by which >d. Ths article suggest|Kterei^tiTe general and per- treatmant. Ths histeftdhgl studies given are of 246 Troubles of Ms Machinery. 54. lQS-lofr The affect of oil on, t are discussed* OportfUtts and rol. W. Schwelshtlmer. Caned. _t iy cutting oils* tad preventive care 247 Cosmetics and Deimatlti If cosmetics are pro may even be banof era cumufactUaSMAia beauty parlor an occasiona&o'au&f allergic ie ' avoided i^^me&ufbreaks have occurred^ testad^fcwjWboing placed on sale icing that on the market 'of cases which may occur frou Parfiaer. 46, 45-46 {-?obruary,1944) they ore harmless as a class and may occur, however, among work , and the general public. Although cosmetics cannot be woro not properly cooetic formulas of minimizing the ral Transmission of Experimental A.M. Mom. Rev. Soc. Argentina Biol., 19. 10-1? C Blister fluid, from an ares of skin which had bad dinitrochlorbenzeaesevsrsl weeks previously, pro _ when injected intrademally In another animal. Thi matous dermatitis upon application of ths compound. BaHestero and sh). ally sensitized to 2, 4 4 locally sensitized area etown by a typical ecze- 249 Results of a Questionnaire on Patch Tests. J.O. Downing.^ h. Darmat. fc 3yph., 48, 514-518 (Harberr 1943); '**;*' ^. In industrial contact detmatitis, properly executed patch tests are of inestimable, value in prevention and treatment. Hypersensitive reactions of certain individ uals can, also be picked* up in this way. HThsn patch tests are used la cutaneous diseases in which they are met indicated they often lead to fallacious decisions. They are of value ohly ia deimatltis~vonenata sad dermatitis medicamentosa in which tfca eruption is'of the'eczmaatoid'type. The alts of tasting most commonly cbosen by dermatologists'is of tho flexor surface of ths arm. It is unwise to tost during tho acute-stage' of'the eruption and also as few patches as possible should be'applied at one time. Eighty par cant of dermatologists questioned an swered "no" to the question "Should patch tests be made by general practioners?", Industrial Hygiene Eigsst 1 9 tor routine patch testing is of littl# value and may be dangerous. Pre-*nploy- ment patch tests ara not advised. Caraful talcing of tha history, knowledge of tha patient* a aspoaurea, personal investigations and tha study of tha various con tacts will reduce tha nacasslty of patch tests, but when flooded they will continue to ha of distinct Talus ia dermatology. 250 Prevention of Industrial Dermatitis. S. Homer. Proc. Roy. Soc. Mad., 36, 633 (October, 1943), ' Principles of prevention ora: Select!. Protection, Inspection and Cleanliness, Tha selection of the right personae dermatitis hazards is to be attempted, despith prosent labor condltlonv^ art played by diet and vitamins in preten^on and curt of industrial tltls has yot to be determined. 251 Poison 373 (19 The autho tis and tivity tho tltls o sens.^^^. .da had no "or no prophyisd' severity when applied effective. J.8. Howell* Arch. Derm. various preventives recommended for(oPm2lvy deraatirally ineffective. Tor tha pera^pyferferage sensi- soap and water will lessen tfiTedrerity of the derman 5 or 10 niautee aftjs^cporae. Tor an eztremely r is Ineffeetlre em^mer only one minute. Tertjolatiaa spread^M^nMtion; sodium porborate had however, lessened the Mums after exposure. 252 A Study of Pneumonia -in Industry. The Epidemiology and Monaae- asnt of 864 Casas over ln the Kaiser Ricimond Shipyards. M.T. Collen and others* J.Xad 1-7 (January, 1944). The gross mortality of the hospital was 8.20. The annual frequency rate of p 9.5 per 1000 workers, which la not different thanjtM-ttidpdohcs data indicate* ^mgfnfr does tho t pulation, so far as reliable ' shown by evidence presenc- ed, differ draft suit seen among- the Pneuaococcal pneumonia account^Sfic^t of the cases/ with t making up one-third of JJpfceuBohias. Tactors that cann^ effect the Incidence of a are: (1) The length of time a in the region. (2) The of employment in the shipyard. (3) done In the shipyard, value of a low leukocyte count as a aoai fity of pneuaococcal pneumonia was-affirmed* The relationship lobes involved and alb\Blsurla was emphasized* aad age, number of dSent of these patients with sulfadiazine and adjuvant thorapy waa sphasf -- Condensed from Authors1 amary* 253 Tuberculosis in Worth Carolina Industry. T.T. Teatal. Kth Bull.(North Carolina1 State Board of Health). 56. 7-11 (Decibar. 19431 _ Sfaployees of 29 industries were given chest X-ray examlnati|41 These industries ore widely distributed over the state, and are located in 8 cbuntiea* Six iiffer* ent types of industry are represented* Almost 42 thousand peopls were examined. A. rate of 1>S$ pulmonary tuberculosis was found* Cardiac and other pathology was also discovered* Tho greatest number of tuberculosis cases were found to be in the early stage* The next greatest amber was 1a tha moderately advanced stage, and the manliest maker in the far advanced stage. This is the reverse of findings on admissions to sanatoria. -- Author's summary. 294 Sound-Proof-Airplane :Motor Test Chambers* I.lXatal I. Aooustical Soc. of Am. 15* 114-115' (October, 1943) i ' .- The noise of an airplane during testing is not only s deager for the crews but is an annoyance to the neighborhood* Tbs author describes the two main types of air plane aoto?: test-chambers and the means taken to make thm nearly soundproof. -dustrtal Hygiene Digest - 10 255 Aatim Prevention la Industry. I. Gray andU. Albert. Ind. Med., 12. 801-805 (December, 1943) "Bronchial astlna is an hereditary disease, which occurs only in predisposed in* dtnduals." A past or present-history of allergic disease, rather than a pre placement physical examination* stould be the criterion for determining ployability in occupations where the incidence of asthma is known to be high (such as in the baking or fur industries). The study of S cases, which are cited in the article, calls forth several observations. In every case pre-asttmatlc symp toms were present, and the patients should have been removed from their occupa tional environment. In moat cases^^4.s measure will terminate the astbna; m others it may fall by reason of^$Lf&b that superimposed infection is Severe* cases demonstrated the oc^Qrrence of sensitivity to an occupatloi taci sure to e potent allergen 256 Rhsumat Ral 63, 153-1 Rheumatism'ifcfcai rheisoati yw gZ2rei? valuable i^prophylaxia of r. of housings (2) lapro (4) facilities for skll (6) a need for suitable manta* Underwood. Inst., used to cover four groups ea: (1) acute joint rheumatla, (3) er rheuaatism, and umatio diseases are ibl# for a great deal ous causative f discussed. Prophylaxis f concern Ids* Important factors improved standard of living and _ 3} correction of toxic influences, more active and early treatment, end arapy and adequate rehabilitation arrange- 257 Spirochetal Jaundice. 419-524 {OctoberJOtf'' en and J\R. Snavely* J\A.M.A. 123 In a stukingl>^$rj*#ve article, tha\aut int out that spirochetal jaun- dice has beaap'^^fboked in the pastCahd ze certain features of the dis ease In jaraiijmy'of differential diagrams rate, as well as field mice^oSvy'pdga, foxes and horses, aayV boring leptospira. Ixaain- .ns water and stuck has recent! tosplras morphologically uishable from leptospira ictero ' a single mine in Alabama 14 human casts of spirochetal JaundicN n-pathogenic saprophy- leptospira occur in natural waters all o^^ths Aa occupational his- tory has usually been present in the.reported can a history of moist, damp or wet environment is obtainable* Occupations c ' ncountered in tha disease 'are those of sewer workers, trapped coal miners, workers, fish irorkers, rice-field workers and cane cutters* The clinical of diagnostic signi- ficance are (1) an acute infectious disease with acut fever, heedache and prostration* (2) Severe ayalgLa appearing spon the thigh, calves and beck* (3) Signs of liver damage* age. (5) Leucocytosis* (6) Epidemiologic InformationLeptosplras.csn he found in the blood in the first stage sad on pressure in igne of kidney danon, occupation, days), iaaune bodies between the 12th end 17th day and increasing in concentration, and ergan- ,iams;in the urine after the 2nd or 3rd week* Salient feature# of IS cases ob served at the Charity Sbspltal oTer a period of two and one-half years are pre sented, and the differential diagnosis discussed* A Ugh incidence of gastro intestinal symptoms and abdominal. criaee existed* Bronchopulmonary, central ner vous system, cardiac and HtG foatures are presented along with mention of haaorr- hagic diathesiJ. ' fhe similarity ofspirochetal jaundice to pneumonia makes it poeeible for the "condition W be mistaken for hepatitis secondary to pneumonia or sulfonamide therapy* In the article two cases of leptospira canicola infec tion are diseussed with a review of previous studlss* * Industrial Hysien# Digest - 11 258 Brucellosis Ifl Paddng-Bsuse Workers. M.G. Lariat. J.Ind.Syg. & Tox., 25, 451.2 (OWNr, 1943jl " Because of Ita prevalence among packing-house workers, Brucalloals ia considered aa occupational disease. It stay ba spread among the general population by in gestion. but obsaxrars baliara that contact infection occurs ia slaughter-house workers. The finding that packing-house workers eat partially cooked meat- offers a new approach to the apidamiology .of Brucallosis. Tha practical importance in dustrially and sociologically of eradicating this disease is obnoua. Proper education of slaughter-house workers jg.ll help to eliminate this hazard. 259 tht^Stoes at High Enviroaneatal Tmnercture; Vlsschar.^ J.! f'Hyg. fcTox., _25, 434-9 (Decamber, 1943; ~~ daiSaxsina tha ralua of tha practlca of n in especially hot sltuationsi suo^as^afnace white males sarrad as subjects. Tw^fc&*ttaental At a mean tmsperatura of HQ?, ami reS&lve hwidity ictad to -simulate roughly those flgjfaffigjrmany deserts, rest was 174 g. per hr. and nl(j55S#309 g. per hr. and a relative hmidj^of^BTfc, conditions select- tropical seas wre 76 g* at rest and tal taaperatjgaST^tributable to tha wet cloth- ar^tfia^^nditiopsTnRJha higher temperature, tha aver pulse rata was _ s reat in tha wat garments thui in tha nude, for applicat _ _ ntlona it is believed that fur- ther isroatigatlona sho MS. 260 Light. Temperature, iha Working Enviroment. A.M. Baetjer. : lad. Med., 13, ;101-Uft49Uftr7/i844j_ Subjects discussed mac^ibute greets and Low Tmaperatures; Effects of Temperature an^afaQdPy os assistance to ; Halation of Temperature to Work and Acsiderap* Optimum Conditi^pyqf tura, Hiaidity and Air Movement; Preventia^^afxtfea; and Effects of HSwant Ultra-violet, Visible and Infra*d?wttfciatioa. Carbon Mono3d.de Poisoning. 3431^""" " -' - A.M.A. 122, 1018 {August in engineering survey carried on in West Virl that IA many homes one or more gas eppliaaeaa discharged carbon monoxi^j to "the rooms, seme of them in large quantities. Clinical studies revealed' red general health, nervous- ness, ill-tamper, etc., due to prolonged repeated aura to --11 amounts of carbon monoxide. In a field survey of the health (living conditions of 279 -persons .who lived at home or worked in shops where nat^r^gaa was oonsu&ed for cooking or ,heating, 137 gave histories suggestive of cayhM monoxide anoxaaia. It is to b noted that milder forms of carbon monoxide pfrjf^tng do sot present any distinctive clinical picture, the manifestations baing^esssntially subjective. "In suspected cases the definitive diagnosis will require proper chemical examin ations of the blood of the patient, as jtell as of the air he has been breathing. 262 Cadalxm Poisoning. Ontario DeptV of Health, OlV. of Industrial hygiene. Pamphlet 3 pp. Mo Oats. ` : Although the toxic properties of cadmim end its compounds havm long been known, it is only recently that cadmium has assmed Importance as a source of industrial ''and domestic poisoning. Coincident with the increased use of dadmiua there has been a sharp rise in the mmfrer of cases and even deathe have occurred from this -source. Cadml\ni mnj entqr the body either by ingestion or by Inhalation, and produces different sets of systems according to the method of entry. Industrial Industrial %giene Digest - 12 poisoning Is practically always by inhalation. Cadmiua dust or tm*a may be produced by grinding, burning or wilding of cadmium-plated metals, cadmium alloys and metals covered with cadmium-bearing paint. 263 Experiment**! Gaa Poisoning in Rabbits and Cats. 2.M. Boyd and others. J.Ind.Syg. & Tor* , 26, 29-3* (January, 1944). Experimental ammonia gas poisoning .in rabbits and cats was found to be associat ed with : (a) An increased output ofrespiratory tract fluid, (b) No appreci able effedt upon the water content $rafhe tracheal, bronchial, and alveolar por- tions<\of the respiratory tract. ^O^increase in the iron content of the ^ .tracatfSl. bronchial end alveglarj^tions of the respiratory tract and an ci radheal portion, (d) No change In the contend rease in blood hemoglobin above normal! twinning about 2 (fl Ho change in sorrn chloride. <^NJlncrease in plamoa' mostly the cholestorol fractions. HhridSSe was ob- taimed tba pharynx acted as a partial filtefc dMteeonia, protect- Ing the not the mailer broncj^ei^a^ffalveoli from the actio being both hlstologt^j. and cbmoical. la prelim- found to lower ^J^jupffuBortality rate from injected a^rffca^bualy just before or just 264 Toxicity of Lead Cbreeat 46-54 (Pebruary, 1944) i and others. J.Ind.Hyg. k Tox., 26, It oust be concluded, that chromate may exist in t is true in the case in the atmosphere of lead in the foim of lead lead absorption than amount of laad allowable ase of this type of ccn- pound. Attioaph^Ptc'd^exainations of^lo sot subatanttftftjOi}' other data.. Whljpthi erroneous conclusions if yot pretend to cover other insddw& lead compounds which . way as lead chromate, the recognized possibility standards should be certain lead compounds Is a "packed tuba" type Sector has proved useful In this should aid in similar fe of investigation, where accurate aval baric laad contamis- 'ation are needed- Wort completed several . ng prepared for pub- 'lication now, on the solubility of- .several n blood serum and lung fluid, indicates that ttose lead compounds are moat insoluble in such madia would provide a margin of safety in the use fleed coompounds that does not exist with the relatively soluble compounds. Tundoes not mean to say that solubility is tbe only factor to be considered, but t is an important ccn- sideration -- from Authors1 smaary. and conclusions. 265 Lead Poisoning as a Clinical Entity Purine? the Becood<*fftffi|rof Warships. Hankins. V.S. ;Naval Med; Bull., Ji, 1785-1791 (Hovmrter, 1943). _ Lead poisoning occurswith greater rapidity and severity from inhalation of **4 contaminated dusts andfuaae then from the ingestion of lead In various forms. Cases developed and.continued to develop among the pelst removal crews mrfcing . on the ships until effective measures were taken and enforced to keep the respir ed air .free from lead-laden `dust 'and fumes. This proved tobe the only effective control of piunbism. Dust control measures clone are not sufficient, but in addi tion adequate'respirators must ba worn. Cleansing end clean habits are important. A list of suggested regulations IS included. Industrial Sygiane Digest - 13 866 Treatment of Lead Poisoning. Conferences on Therapy. N.Y. Stete J. J|*d., 43 2079-2086 (Mbvaaber 1, 1943) . -- The discussion emphasizes the facta that ingested load, especially la mi i -' amounts* rarely eauaaa poisoning because of poor absorption, and that tha greater danger of lead poisoning exists when fumes are inhaled; thus Industry is the chief source of load poisoning. The pretention of poisoning is rerjr iaportant. Control of exposure and proper industrial hygiene are .necessary. factors which control lead metabollsa should ba considered. The general state of health, and also nutrition, age, sex, and alcoh^gfs&i are all iaportant. Diagnosis of poison ing may be difficult. Therepy, aayt^for puroly symptomatic treatment, is * . on^ex perallelisa between thetf'&mi\a and lead streams. Lead is either at4=>ro& the bphfs by a caw.ua deficient diet and drugs, end excreta is fia^d/in calcium and Tltamln D diet. The EK the danger^^episoa||F^^bmi^polsoning during treatment, while the tjr ria the of lead remaining fixed in scorning mobilized aw&'pa&bing episodes of acute poisoning, ` 267 The Poe Alloys, in. AntiaeadVB^ldgj^XNfc Seact\and G.R Cowglll its were usei^k a ^of thd poas city of a lead-tia-antiawny administered fo solder _ containing 63.39 per cent lead, These rata, iwceiving^Kskpart million of diet, proved to be qdlte similar to the control leal diet but no lead, with reapeet to growth, concentration of in end ths appearance of stippled calls as well as.with respect to of.lead stored in their carcasses. Rats fed. an identical amount coni 300 parts of lead per mill lan In the fom. of lead: ace igns of lead poisoning; their car- caasea contained >uats concluded that ingested solder of the ccHpoaitiog^tf^ih^udied as a source is non-toxic for the rat. -- Authors* s\ <=? - 268 la Soldering Operations Hazards Created by the 7ar- of Soldering and Practlc Illlnois labor Bull., (October 31, 1943), ^ production hds required (1) an inereaae'iftOl^ad of solders as a tin "conservation measure front 30% to as high aa 98%; 63* txxja increase in the usd of silver solder. Gan-heated soldering irons, bnrthe danger of building up large quaatitiea of dross in their gas auffle^^&r preaaat a real lead hazard. The muriatic flux gives rise to irritating vapora axplarmatitia. MLectrically- heated soldering irons use rosin which is an lrrltant/^X^x. The soldering of condonaera which have beon treated with chlorinated vi^^Dreeonta an added toxic vapor1 hazard. Sliver soldering may have harmful qrartltles of fluorides arise from the flux. Machine soldering 1j used extensively^ making tin cans. Tinning pots create a certain amount of irritating Moke but?the control of the lead used by adequate exhaust will also eliminate' the smoke nuisance. Also when solder is removed in reclaiming motels by "sweating,* the lead in the air is usually many times the maximum llmiVor 1.5 mg. per 10 eu. a. Control measures in soldering operations come under the headings of good housakaeplng proper hood ing and local exhauat, and conaciehtioua pereonal hygiene. 269 Carbon Tetrachloride - Part 2 of a Literature Study of Reports of Occupational Injuries Attributed to Volatile Solvents.- H.P. Quadlaad. Ind.Med., J2, 821-329 (December^'iSdS). ^..... '* ' -In this paper both occupational injuries and othsr damages from carbon tetra chloride ere reviewed. Brief mention la made of seme reports which are not in cluded in the table. : : Industrial Hygiene Dlgast - 14 270 Carbon tetrachlortde Poisoni^ gpidwnie in a Parachute Plant. W.Z. Doyla and C. Baker. lad, Med., ^3, 184-192 (Pebruary, 1944), An outbreak of illness, involving 137 war workers oecurrad ia a plant manufactur ing nylon parachute*. Tbs symptoms, namely* nausea* abdominal pains* vomiting, weakness* coughs* colds, headache, etc** constitute the recognized symptoms of carbon tetrachloride poisoning in various stages* This cause was definitely es tablished after the elimination of other possibilities and an investigation into working conditions* It is believed probably that all the employees are suffer ing from chronic or sub-clinical carboa7 tetrachloride poisoning. Rwaedial mees- - urea ajttised are: (1) ImprovsmentjJiMtatilatioa, which was inadequate because of tfpwrts to conserve fuel; (2)wd%/ possible unnecessary soiling of and tout limit t$\use of cagfean tetrachloride; (3) Replace carbon tetra with n&^^b^lc _ ble* (4} Provide containers for carb< chlortd#'Mieh eut ably axpo^ ose when not in use. (5) Persons wha void- chloride should: (a) Drink a quartdsSn^Za day to increase t ia level* (b) Avoid greasy foods^s (Sfc'AVtfid the use of oily 1 .ever possible* rotate work to wgii5proloiiged expo- sure* ( coholic beverages* from Authors' amnE_r>; 271 al Use, Ind. Med., 12* 332-835 r, 4943), - ^ thiazole, an 1st* sulfathiazole, may readily be absorbed by chemical wo A umber of workmen exposed to air concentration ranging per eu* ft. (0.0036 to 0.11 mg. per liter) complained of cartel symptoms, the commonest of which'were brown piffaentation of the nausea and vomiting* A few woricec, probably having develo ty, responded to ordinary exposure by a syndrome of suddgn.^ ling sera sickness, and consisting of severe ltchinAttd^4ed by alas In the joints which mcapa- citated them ods up to five rrte^s. te recovery without residual - Author's stannary.^ if Inspired Radium Saanation. <?! Schraub and I. Schrauh. 30* 489-492 (1942). (Genaan). of experiments with mica* reports o ta poisoning* and ob- rations of conditions in pitchblende mines Raad and Mottraa's results (Brit. X. Radiol.* 12, 4, 1939) are apprpaOmat orrect. They are, however* untrustworthy because young instead of ce were used, insuffl- cient mice were used for adequate periods, and. tal conditions were in- adequately controlled* The toxic concentration of smanation in air ftr mica is. approximately 10"9 curie per cc* . ` . 273 Intracelluler Penetration of Bromidw feature In the I^MaAtv of Alkyl 3rc?_-_ ldes. D.B. Milleraad HIM* Hazard* iTlnd.arg. ^ Tox*. 2j^S-33 (Dec., 1343!. Methyl bromide is hydrolysed in the body with the fotmetion of inorganic brccide. In part, this hydrolysis may occur within the istraoellulsr fluid, resulting in a distribution of broaido different from that for bromide given orally as sodium bromldo* The systemic effects of methyl bromide may thus be an unusual form cf bromldim with intracellular penetration of bromide*. A few experiments on ethyl bromide indicate. tbat it is less rapidly eliminated than methyl bromide and is also hydrolyzed .to a lass-extent. with the amounts administered there was zo indication,of.an appreciable accumulation ,oiT bromide in the intracellular water. The hydrolyais appeared to.occur predominantly in the extracellular fluids. - Authors' conclusions, : ' Industrial J^rgieae Digest - IS 274 pnfiT of Methyl Chloride as Substitute for Frees* C.P. McCord and others. J.A.M.A.. 124. 94 (January 8. 1944), freon is no longer available in any quantity for use as a refrigerant because of military requirmaents. The best substitute for use in the sane mechanism is methyl chloride. The following precautions should be observed when the- change must be made: (1) Methyl chloride is toxic and inflammable; (2) Do not use tethyl chloride where it will cone in contact with aluminum or zinc; (3) Test the >73tem for leaks before charging withmethyl chloride; (4) Do not use a halide tordMwhen tosting for leaks after titffcystam has been filled with methyl chlori<iei^H\3) Increase superheat set*SLot)*Treon',-charge4 thermal expansion valv^ " MKed to reduce capacity of valve 275 Toxicolo .off\ Dici le (Methylene Chloride). I. Studies Daily lab. ppel, ?.A* Neal and others. J.Xnd. 8-16 (Jan Several exposed to 17 mg. per p.p.m.) of di- for 6 months. Then no ^evidonee of toxic s, but a ret* wth rate of guinea p42ajyaredo , fife elgptfic ood changes' in dogs or rabbits, ami in dogpthe arterial pfifrjti: with! ` imits, and no evidence of liver dsnege was give Of s. In another sorles of ax ptrimeata the exposure 10; *, Tjf weeks at 20 hrs. per week. Two out of 4 dogs and 4 out developed liver Injury, but none was seen in monkeys, rabbits of. of the effected animals died, appar- ently from acute pulao 'gltt/qdma. Repeated applications of di- chloromethaae .to. the rabh^6)lead to hyperemia followed by scaly exfoliation. fiat ieate< n coace&r^lon of dichleremethcae in the blood and urine of v Thes confirm other reports on the comparative. xicity of di'chlom* data are available concerning the eff^ ` V^fJ^opeated exposures on ut from tbeso animal exper- iflents tentatively suggested thatit; owable concentration for 3xoareu ly exposure is 500 p.p.m. ^ oology-of DichlogoBQfcfr*"* ^ethylene C Activity in-the Male Rat. L.A. Heppel and P 17-21 (January# 1944). . A concentration of 5,000 p.p.m. of dichloromet tion in the running activity.of young male rats as of revolving drm. At this concentration the v effects by ordinary inspection. It is suggested that ance teats might be i useful adjunct in determining pe oftoxic- solvent vapor**.-- Authors* summery* Effect PunM-ff Syg. fc Tox 25, causes a great dlmlnu- ln a standard type not show any depressant ication of perforsble concentrations 277 Petroleum Solvents and~ Trichiorethyiene. Part 3 of the Literature Study of Re ports-of. Occupational Attributed to Tolatilc Solvents. H? <uadlana. lad. Med,,13,46-51 (January, 1944K The'case- study covers 'only inhalation eases, and therefore excludes cases that hsve occurred through ingertion of petroleum distillates. !fe American cases :f trichlorethyleneprior to'1937 could be found. ' 278 Effect of Trichiorethyiene on the Hunan. Canine iM Electrocardiogram. J.P.Mallaah end- other** Asu-Eeart J., 6, 377-384 (1943). lb dogs aid rabbits there was a marked slowing of the heart rate, ectopic beats and alterations in the P and T waves* No significant electrocardiographic and blood preaeure changes In normal human subjects or patient* with cardiovascular Industrial Hygiene Digest -16 279 Hazards of Tetrachlorethane on Shipboard. N.E. Jriedman. ff.S. Naval Med. Bull 43^ 1792-98 [Bormb*?, 1943). *' Sufficient quantities of tetrachlorethane may be absorbed through the skin, to produce complete necrosis. la tbs Navy, this substance Is used as a solvent for organic substances in the impregnation of gas protective clothing. It may be used with safety in properly designed and maintained equipment if there is ade quate ventilation, avoidance of breathing the vapor or skin contact, and no in ternal use. The vapor is persistent in storage spaces, and thus ventilation may not be completely accomplished, tfqagaessary exposure then permits asphyxia. T< .prey^ht shipboard accidents it iac^eSgj^nended that: (1) hazards stould be ^ icognizedrt (2) impregnatetfQiothing and storage drums should be stoi weli^f5ftilate^MBparme^tfi5N(Sixths substance should be supplied in and s*te4ifcr diMW^r^i^dtd stowage, and (4) if practicable, t. & lUbstituted. ,c 280 of a Literature Study of Henort H.P. quadland. 143-149 sudy i sure.to include Tcirc later symptoms, 1 _ are omitted are mention orts in tabular fnS1^American cases of occupa- hide in the^a#p^^Sterature since 1932. Data and lMffiOK^r^zposure, ventilation, early sfiJMoraequencea* A number of n* omissions are stated. cases,I which 281 The'Chronic Toxicity of entratlons of Benzene and of Mixtures Of Benzene and Its gpaologuq s aafeBpsa* J.i. Svirbely, B.C. Dunn and *.?, von Oettingen, J. In i. gg.TWHtfl (February, 1944). Animals exposed to m. t^oenze ltd to present the same blood pic- ture as those ex^d)^o 1000 p.p.m^^of inds containing 50 to 60 per cent benzene, 30 td^^^ei^cent toluene, 4 rlene, and other hydrocarbons, The ^s^chSntMTlstic. features we aial iphopenia followed by leucocy- tosis^ad&iynjibocytosis. The differs ,coun eated changes in the neutro- ymphocytea only. No marked ^ wa Ten hours daily, five days a weeic^&^twe The exposure time was t weeks. The urinary te and hippurlc acid excretion in thexfcMi^lep upon the benzene and ...........content of the solvents* The pathologic c >und in rats exposed to benzene. Solvent X# and Solvent T were dose ed. The spleens of many-of the . rate exposed showed some evidenc xic effects -- hamosidero- sis, small lymphoid-follicles, and narrowing of t rifollicular collars of close packed, pale cells*: Minor differences in the e of change were noted In the case of each solvent* No significant pathol es were noted in dogs exposed to the solvents* -- Authors' conclusions* 282 An Unusual Case of Trialtrctoluene (Off) Poisoning. W.D, McNally J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox. 26, 35 (January, .1944). .. The author reports a ease of TNT poisoning In which the exposure consisted cf dust settling on exposed parts of the body* Manifestation* included yellow color, dexmatltis, bleeding and running; of the nose, bronchitis, headache, zer- vousness, fatigue, constipation and.hemorrhage under the akin of the dags, which were not exposed* The man' s condition returned, to noa&al after removal from ex posure. .The email-masher ofcasesof orr:and tetryl poisoning is undoubtedly due to the. excellant work of 'the industrial hygienists, and medical directors of the various plants*. . . T .' . ' Industrial Syrian* Digest - 17 283 Chlorohrdrocagbon Solvents, 2.W. McGovern. Xnd* Sag. C)mm., 35. 1230-1239 {Decamber, 1943) Included in a comprehensive paper on the properties of chlorobydrocarboa solvents is a sactioa oa toxicity. The toxicities of a niaber of the solvent* in thsm- salras are of tha sane order of magnitude, hut carbon tetrachloride and ethylene dichloride are practically more toxic than other liquids of somewhat higher molecular weight oa account of their higher taper pressures. Methyl and ethyl chlorides hare low toxicities, but, belpg gases at ordinary temperatures, tha effect of leakage is a high concentagtafcn of the vapors with increased fire and beeXth hazards. Chloroform, bet^ff3^rothane, and especially tetrachloret: PO high toxicities, and musb\Jusd with precautions although their vi preafiwpea are .1^K\ In genu\ biffin beings should not be exposed to &i in wfclS/h$p o$^$f chUmorrocarbons are detectable. Scwerer, thSy.'tA^a all ren^^M. sgfei^^4uo^or properly designed equipment. Danger con tact and ;d^cpApos^^fe|LlKalg]i8r teaperatures with formation qaa!n&oxic sub stances ara^dis^wm^^n,efly* as are also methods of. dete< 284 Surg ' ca \ ^ - ^elagasse an orgtfLic " alveolar regions the nature of the stiaul1 reaction, remain obscure* Sodaman and R.L. 'ew Orleans Med. & lung is repo: r with tha findings at ` The appears to be that of an cles of bagasse may enter the rThe mechanln of tbs changes, aid agaase dust to produce the cellular 285 Pneumoconiosis and Work^ Brit. Med. J*. No. 4315, 395-396 (September Hft The Cooffittee onlmnst^ial Pulmonary Disl. been unable to draw final con- elusions on cau^urordr differehcea^^ inc of pneumoconiosis in the South Wales co?tffijk;m&thracite dust is** ' than that of bituminous nines, Tha . aost^ra^mnt measure in prevent' ictlon of dust breathed by the atfceJbo To this end, the conmittee^d^ ;ati-dueries of procedures which fsed in this article: (1) malnt&eras of mate ventilation, (2) use fr to prevent dust dispersion, ( 3) u&pr o in roadways and at v .ng points, (4) reduction of shot-firiag^SS ml with fewest possible men exposed, (5) regulation of ripping procesWs, ^ ventlon of chill dosing spake journeys*' - : . .. 286 liquefaction Necrosis la' Bilateral Svm*tHei c^wgi^ierate Lesions of Aathracc- ^illcosis ** Lim; Report of Case. a.J. McCloakev. Roentgenol.. 50, 42-45 (July^1943F. ~ It is ths intention of tha author to show that tha corred&^ktarpretatlon of *.ha Dbeatgea appearance of necrosis and cavitation in tha losions of anthraccsilioosis may ba vary difficult* A case is reported? showing these le sions, uncomplicated by tuberculosis* Tha only know* exposure to silica was *&*a tha man worked as a pick miner in a soft coal mine for a period of12 years and there was no exposure for a period of 44 years before his death* The roentgen ologic appearance of the necrotic areas was that of consolidation or pleural thickening* At autopsy oach cavity was found to contain thick,, black, viscid fluid-, which 'stowed, no free silica on examination* Xxamlaatlon of tha eanty wali aad surrounding lung tissue showed a content of 0.23 per cent silica. , 287 A*New Radlbloi&e-Social Classification of Pvianwwr Siliwais. R.Lorca and otters. Bol. da la oficlaa sanitaria oonanerlcana. 22. 976-881 (Movwsber, 1943) .(Spanuaj. Tha authors review the principal systaas of classification of slllcoals, includ ing that of Irvina and that adopted et ths International Conference in 1930. They Industrial Sygiens Digest - 18 than propose the following classification, reducing the tight groups to fire: (1) exposed but Shotring no silicosis; (2) suspicious; 13) confirmed phase No. 1, initial nodular fibroais; (4) `confimtd phase No* 2, narked nodular fribrosis; (5) confimtd phase No* 3, confluent nodular fibrosis* . 286 Ashestosls and Pulmonary Tuberculosis. H. Desmeules and others* Laval mod., $ 217"(March, 1943i. (Trench). . Asbestosij is.an occupational disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos dust. It is diagnosed by the presence of j^pestos bodies in the sputum, and is charac terized by the transformation ot^apfiv. lung tissue into fibrous tissue. tocuTkppear usually five to stTO^e&s after the beginning of exposure, asbtfetocis a^d^^erculoalncere^deen in 8 workers exposed to asbeatoScAia^ 20 y&S.<\ of^weiiases asbestosls was aasked by tubercufcSfcS^jA' 289 perialveolar of asbestosls appe matter could oot be d berculosis. R. Desmeules and aval Med., hch) old man is given who had wdriced?For 20 years in an s he had developed pro4dbtlv^ough which Increased . was admitted to t^e^aan^tal he started to run t. The dinij^r&pfu^l* of ulcero-fibreus ^ confixmedb&^M Autopsy. Diffuse peribronchial S/g$ao 3ekr\tv^ believed that the flrtt symptoms ers/^fCTK^bw symptoms of tuberculosis, but tbs __ ly and pathologically. 290 Asbestosls Bodies*. 8, 239 (March, 1943). (?rench). The "curious bodies* patients suffering from .pulmonary .asbestosls usually mu 2 to 24 au but can be as large as 250 stu* 'They consgsh^f^a central 'fiber1 bestos which is covered by a golden- yellow substawj^cSwlnlag iron. iSb^it .. a pigs and one dog were exposed to inhalata^hTd^wbestos dust. Asbestosls ,n t develop in the rabbits cor in the guinea pigs shewed/rsi weeks, macrophages with aabes- tos^gfSc^ in their alveoli. 2rytfaro<$yp^ig?ap n the alveoli, and hemoglo- natives containing iron could be^f * stos fibers two to three after the beginning of the i.nhalat stos dust. When a sus slon of asbestos in olive oil was injec y or into the testi hies of guinea pigs no asbestos bodies ware er, if first one cc. of blood was Injected tad then the asbestos 'the seme needle, asbes- tos bodies could be found one month later. <nce of asbestos bodies in the sputum is-believed to be a definite sign of p asbestosls. 291 Coincidence of 'PrjwjijgJSeT--<Wr. of the Lunas and Pul Asbestosls. ?,2baburger. Am. I. Path.* 19, 797-80? (September, 1 - In the medical literature there are now at least 19 s of asbestosls ; associated with primary pulmonary carcinoma. In 4137 autopiles at tbs pathology laboratory at Tale University School' of Medicine, there were 45 casee of pulmon ary carcinoma In the years from 1918 to 1938. Asbestosls was diagnosed 8 times, silicosis IT times. Pulmonary carcinoma was found in 4 of tbs 8 cases of asbes- : toils and twice in the 17 silicotic cases. Despite the high correlation of the ^'foreign body asbestosls in the lungs with ^primary pulmonary-carcinoma, this is a small series of cases and the value of these data is limited. Three casee are given in detail. The diagnosis of pulmonary asbestosls was diagnosed according to the following criteria: (D fibrosis of the lung end (2) presence of asbas- tosis bodies. Industrial fygleae Digest - 19 292 Asbestosis* I*. Rousseau* Laval Mad., 8, 233 (March, 1943). (french). Tha radiological pioture of pulmonary asbestosis is vot charactaristic; it la * usually similar to that of tuberculous fibrosis. The diagnosis is, therefore often made only after asbestos bodies have beon found In tha sputum. Asbestos fibers nay be seen In tha sputa of iadiTiduals who do not suffer from asbestosis; asbestos bodies are due to a pathologic tissue reaction. Microscopical examina tion of ths lungs of patients who hare died froa an intercurrent disease may show asbestosis, which had not been found on X-ray anamination. Tha case history of a 42 year old nan with asbestosis without tuberculosis is given. The patient had bean working in the asbestos. IndustJNlor 19 years, for 2 years tha patient bad been Suffering from increasing cgK^fcT^fpectoration and dyspnea. Roentgenoloj J 'ion showed'mottling of bo\jiungs Sputa and gastric examinations nagal c^or towBle bacUJV\ Asbestos bodiee were found in the sputi 293 Lester. X. Ind. Hyg. fc Tox., 2, 61-63 (febru The author describes a 'termination based upon the colori- metric measurement of fotmed from aetboaoglobln exposed to air containing cyanide* a concentration aa low 1 liter is sufficient for determining , with an error of 0.1 parts per million, higher concern The colorimetric measurement da- pends upon the chan thmooglobln at wave length 525 milli-oicrons, wgfc decreases with ta i in accordance with the Beers- Lambert law.^/b^Sy tails of collection natloa procedures axe gi?en. Sannl^a^^g^^alysls of Air Contanlnai ^ Ind.Med., 13, 10C-103 ''sis of air for various contaminaa &ry use, is described briefly. The ^substances produced for and midget impinger ly be used for the collection of amoniva - o^tclusna, tatryl, INT, nitroglycerine, marcury fulminate, tracer bullet jKfcxtuxS%^fluoridas, metal fumee, chlorinated hydrocarbons and war gases. . ijjrtgata. after collection are indicated very briefly* Tfio Shepherd bottle Is us^jtor collecting substances such as nitrogen oxides or benzene, as one type of d\gr0 spler. Ths electro static precipitator and the benzol indicator are dlacdMd^brlcfly, with mention of other special methods* . 295 Analysis of Atmospheric Contaminants Containing Nitrate OrOufcl^gs* H. Yagoda and f.H. Goldman. I. Ind. Brs. k Tox. > 25. 440 444 (Decmteaf, 1943) * Methods are described for the estimation of nitroglycerine, PXQT (pentaerythrltol tetranltrate). nitrous fimiee,' and ammonium nitrate la atmospheres arising from manufacturing processes* The analyses are based oa the nltratloa of m-xylenol ia 62*5J( sulfuric acid and the colorimetric determination of the nitro-xylenol isolated by a simple steam distillation* -- Authors' 296 Dust Maasurmaent*. W.GrnTndfflann. Arch.techJtassen Lfg. 126. T.152,2 11941) .IDerxan) Dust measurement iapbaaible utththeTyndallometar by determination of tha In tensity of the scattirbd light of the dusty atmosphere* Calibration curvas for the varloua sorts of dust must be made because the effects of size, foam and op tical surface effects of the dust particles must be eliminated to secure an Industrial hygiene Digest - 20 297 Dataiajflatloa of Mercury. A, Stock. Mikrochanie ver. Jttkrochia. Acta.* 33, .138-136 (1941). ' ' :.. . ' - In.-determining less than one-tenth of a nicrograa of mercury, the autter feels that the presence of mereury la the air is tho principal causa of error. Cca- plata directions ara given for getting the mercury in a staple into solution, precipitating with, hydrogen sulride .and carrying out the electrolytic deteimina- tioa recomonded in previous papers. To remove excess chlorine it Is best to heat with 20% tydroxylaaine lydrochlcride solution. The presaace of considerable hydrochloric acid in the electrolyte dejfs no ham and the voltme may be as large as IC^rnl. Onder proper conditionsrjttt^rospect to distilling off the mercury, resume) accurate <to one-tenth sUcwmb! can be obtained without the use of lj air foe^oling^All reagep^^used^sbould be carefully teeted for aerci plifioc^daAptioBS^Jfcr W{rout *he t#ata are deecrlbed* The proodoare^wooa- aended by'otoith. aad^W^^^ts no sijspler than that recocssended fcr^tadsj&thor and is les^KcursJtfTQs&ueteimining quantities 'under one aic: 298 Determinetloi :bea; ts_of Acrylonitrile in Air GJJfeJF^S***** ad H.H. au _1__6_*' 53-64 {Jan 193 iber^baS^^Xe if^s|erative that ure of one type of ive method for air analy- s&fta developed. j.................... the ff. S. Public Health Ser- nce^Lodicate that the acrylonitrile is in the ae^gh- borhood of 20 p.p;a* thod depending upon a modified* Kjaldahl reaction la whic' lution containing the acrylonitrile is Bade strongly alkaline with hydrogen perloxide. tfpon reflux- lag, -the acrylonitrile`is atirely to monla, which is distilled into a standard acid so end precautions are given. 299 Photoelectric bisulfide in the Akaosphere. S. Silverman Chea., An^ 2-598 <S.afbT. 1943). The author an absorption p` terha&ed^oa tho same principle as the Tri-Per by T.f. Hanson, e ad&tterent absorption band is uti h is sensitive for carbon di not affected appreciably sttnosphafic constituents* The a range of coneeatra 2 to 200 p p.a* The accuracy is ft* 'aftf^the tifte of determiaa- a is approximately one ainute* Tha fllargranhs. A Recording Device to facilitate , Micrometry. Z.D. Paines. J, Ind. Hyg. k Tox*. 26. 64-67 (Pebruary. 1944) *. . By use of. J^argraph.a single .operator can convenigi perform all the operations of filar nicrcmotry wi thput the eyestrain o this work* e Thefiiargrm,is .a convenient .permanent ink whichallowaoaetoseparate particle measurements into ease and rapidity* . The time required for a series of seas ly associated with ord of asasuranents site groups with ats is reduced by at least tap thirds* Data, obtained with the fUargraph is ia rary good agree ment with,that obtained with the mar nicroaeter alone* 301 The Use of theiticroacone in Particle Size Analysis* 0*1.. fairs. Chem. and Iadustu. 62. 374-78 [October 2. 1943). .(London) . ...... * The,author diecuseee tn detall aieroscopic procedures for particle size analysis. One interesting detail is the.fact that sodita vapor light reduced eyestrain and improved resolution, eadtharefore thewriter used IV as a stasdard for his meas urements* Results are compared with turbidimeter and pbotosediftentatlon appar atus* The turbldiaeter requires lese tlae but is not as satisfactory for parti cles between 0-10 aicrons* 4 Industrial Rygieae Digest - 21 Control Methods 302 Control of 7/elding Fumes in Shlpb^ll 13, 103-105 (January, 1944). Y. Rosenfeld. lad. Med., Ths/fcallowing facts were deterattw`'$y a result of air sampling and analyst l/jor shipyjn-da: (1) ffhere\j&)control measures in the fora of ezhaus xiu concentrations of setalllo fumes, pidSa ased from welding* operations on galvedjS^eteel. ungalvaaized materials only ferrl^^^^lusts and A number of illnesses of a re*pina$oWbaracter were 4e and carbon monoxide ware g|rOgj^hegligible. {5} oxygen depletion. Control aSgmfadTlsed are the equipment and alr-sgj^r rmilatlon. The latter arc welding on Respirators may be 1y esposurqaseFwtafi^duration* 303 Glei*.' ' U.S. Bureau of Briefly the conclusions a mine floor do not make not dependable; (3) ft tance of all ground the spring; .(5) la^ >'4ence conductor shcuA^W: mnected to Mines. ?.* Griffith and f.J. , Ho. 3734. 13 pp. (Beeember, 1943}. work ares (1) metal parts resting on und; (3) a single peg or rod is $rack Is satisfactory; (4) the reels- toralned periodically, especially In suitable conductor, a separate ctrode of known resistance. 304 Use and>M f Flams Safety Lauras' T7,3. Bureau of Mines, 7271, 14 pp (January cal accidents are mentioned, acts or careless use of lamp. The historical devalopmen lamp is given briefly modern lamp and its proper operatlo Coal companies are to make certain that all persons who tiMtturoughly familiar with their construction, proper assembly and correct hod or Inspection and testing; also to Insist on proper training of all persons duties require thee to .. test for. gas* Other precautions Include pro blbltl f smoking and carrying - matches underground and employing only persons with1ggg$ vision for gas testing. 303 Accidents Due to Misuse of Hrpipelves. D. Harrington and|?l2. Bast, Jr. U. 3. Bureau of Mines* I^f. Cir. > Ho. 7259 14 pp (Hovraber,'ifn Fourteen-accidents, many fatal, at widely separate local!trak, and with varied causes, are described, as samples of soae of tbe foolish things that should cot bo done when explosives' are handled or used. Quoting from the sramsry, "Ultimate ly' rigid lews should he enacted requiring that all persons who engage in blast ing; shall have a certificate of competency lesued by the State after the appli cant has passed a rigid examination embodying fundamental facte oa the character istics end hazards of explosives." 306 rfIre Control in Ma^meiira Fouadrlse. R.I. Thrrae. Am. loundrymen*s Assoc., : Reprint 43-36, pp.l0$r123 (1943) . J. - - As e result of a series, of experiments and actual magnesium fire extinguishing * experience, the msgnesiiM foundry, with whlch the author is connected, developed Industrial E^glene Digest - 22 307 Lfrntf of__Inflammabllity sad Tuition Temperatures of Aeatla Anhydride. g.w. Jones, ?.* Scott and G.S. Scott. 0.S. Bur. of Mines, Kept. Invsst., Mo. 3741 (December, 1943). The temperatures between which air saturated with acetic anhydride vapor foras inflammable mixtures were found to be 47.3 and 74.4 C. (117 and 166 ?.). These data correspond to concentrations of 2.67 and 10.13g by voliae. All mix tures between these percentages at-the temperatures given above are inflammable. The flash point by the standard closed cup tester was found to be 124 ?. (510C.) Tho ignition taaperatures were foundbe 392 C. (738 ?.) in air and 361 C. (682 ?.) in oxygen. -- Authors' 308 Mh^S Signal AX&ima and PoKgr^ferfasea. W.J*. 7ene and H.J. Weaver. Bureaaj^^nes^i^. CjLjtfiijS." "^6278 pp. (Kovmnber, 1943). The cirq^ur' de^^^^^guStralajms and power releases which autos warning slmsis afld&Bararcf the power when any interruption ln<ro - occurred* Ldj4l$r^ give Ktion has 309 ~ ADlscusi I. Ac_ fife L3-for Agaflfw 106-113 (October, D. fltzroy. ~ feaeraied testdag- air^lane engine ying to the personnel of .eld and sv^a is living a stance. The difficult prob- l?of quieting this inrestigation* findings and reccssendations are .i 310 The Means for Reducing t Of Worfcl*ff *r>rma nt Uah\xf*< of the Quicksilver Vapors in the Air ducfrag Packets. 0. L. Sklianskaya-Vasilievak Moscow, Mos. 1-2, 37-40 (1942i (BussiaaK In factories eng sts of surgical dressi^s it was found, that ..the shops contained concentration- of mercury. This came from d _ ion of sublimate^! dust arising during the cutting ggGfi&s^aated gauze. The .c has an affinity for chior- ine, it combines, during the ng and drying, and therefore set free; the iron utodare acts in a similar > and free mercury is- deposited at t nts of hot air eacap- m the autoclave" rooms and the drying mercury vapor into thar shops. By enclosing the autoclave and had-by isolating the drying and autoclave shops in exhaust chambers, othtt^parts of the factory, great reduction was effected in the amount of se in the air. It was also found that the addition of sodim chloride to hichi e of mercury, to facili- tate solution* tended to force metallic mercury out f=She compound when the latter was heated; iodine compounds have only one-tsn.ttS&S^f:^tbe effect of sodium chloride in this respect*. The author suggests that blchl^mde could be dissolved In boiling water (In which it Is readily soluble) in an strait chamber, and that cooling should also take place in an exhaust chamber, sfeoee It is in these processes that noxious vapor is likely to be given off*' ' 311 ~The Prevention of lead Po*ann<nw> in Blast-furnace Operations. Better.' Reichsar* beitsblatt 22. III. Arheltsachutm. 337-342 (1942). (German). Ordinarily the danger of lead poisoniag from thls source is-not very serious; however^ there is soma danger with those furnaces which produce special grades of irpnthatare medefrem raw material containing lead* A typical caee is the Duisburg Sachofsowark which processes the so-called "Purpurar*." The lead coa7tent of the'iron drosswae 0.8-0.9g originally; however, the uee of s new alkali "process which dissolved tbs lead by means of a concentrated sodiim chloride sol* ' ^ tion lowered the lead content of the iron drose to 0.18-0.20Jl* This new procese Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23 increased the cases of lead poisoning which was traced back to the fact that in this new. processthe lead la converted to volatile load chloride which escapes partly into the atmosphere* This danger was overcame by powerful mechanical ven tilation and the use of full instead of partial gas masks. 312 The_Safe_Handling and Storage of Anhydrous Srdrofluorlc Acid. C.M. Pehr. Chaa. tads. 53, 505-510 {October, 1943). Petroleum Refiner 22 . 239-44 (August, 1943). Oil and Gas J., 42, 39-40, 41-2 (Xuljr^2, 1943). The principal properties of enhydroc^faydrofluoric acid are given, in their rail tionsfcip to the problma of handlj^^ <9tia best materials for construction of ound, by laboratory and pilot plant teaVs^ to be a thoroughly deoxidized steel. laboratory equipment. Copper is satl^S^^ry in silver and platinum may be sstp^^d^sere con- atisfactory materials are also mentlaaM^etalls con- pad ty of shipping containers asft S5Wge vessels are rous hydrofluoric add aay b^ricompllshed either by on inert gas or b&TOKplz&T Types of pimps and use wherever possible of equipm#q^'vj(jsffi*nded safety practices in c^e: careful sel spection of premises and equipment, instructio use of certain articles of clothing made of or coat sh vlslos of water for washing tools and automatic safety sho on first aid body principles similar to those given above* All to bs used only as means of reducing injury and mitigating s e<gw*4tlng the arrival of a physician fami liar with the tfiat&en&xo' Safety Precaut: ^ n: lufacturlag Bgfradl< 1943). ^ o be used in storage, ipling and testing are di; >2. Starr, Jr. Nat. Petrol aim >cesslng operations, loading ted Compounds Precautions in Sandl! :h. lad. Med., 13, 110 ahuary, 1944). 'The precautions presented for handling chloro^fcdpJ .oro-diphenyl, and related chlorinated compounds are applicable alsoy ilons where analogous materials are oployed* This .group of synthetic' has certain characteristic toxic properties, whose action causes a form, of aci .ch is more widely dis tributed on the body than cannon acne. Preventive hes are classified as mechanical andhygienic* The former consist of good peeping throughout the plant, an enclosed type of oquipment, and installation exhaust ventila- ticn. Personal hygienic measures ore those generally ol ' ' where dermatitis may result from exposure to toxic chmaicalt* Classes of i: Lduals who should cot be employed on this work are listed* . 3l5 Germicidal Aerosols for Post PTar Air1 Conditioning? f.W. Hutchinson. Heat. k Vent. 4^, 58-60(January, 1944). . Present air cohditloaing procssses are hot noteworthy for their effectiveness in establishing pure and Afresh" indoor atmospheres. One proposed method of im proving this condition is through use cf finely atomized mists of solutions hav- iag pleasant odors and bactericidal power*- - Development work on such germicidal aerosols has beeh sccelerated as a consequence of the war and there is now a distinct possibility that such aerosols may beocme a standard part of post war air dondltionlng Installations. -- Author's rmaary* Industrial Sjrgltns Digest - 24 316 TentUatjoa_aadJ^aphsrtc_ Pollution. Defense Ventilation and Air Conditioning Problsgav C*P. faglou, Chairman. Aaerican Public Health Assoc., Report of Com mittee. Am. -JY-Pub. Bteltb. 33. 859-861 (July, 1943). ?or small workshops and factories that aro ventilated by natural methods seTeral types of blackout ventilators have been developed which obscure the outward pas sage of light without obstructing the air flow too much. Air conditioning of gun turrets aboard fighting ships has speeded up the firing rate by removing powder fuses and keeping the temperatures dorntf Submarines and sick bays of surface ships $re now copied in tropical wpmNk^o overcome temperatures of 90 to 95*^, pities approaching the srarat^m point* Among the new development; :heVcbnduits system of ventilation which .ocitlea through, sell conduits instead <rive centrifugal airwasher is being .cal war gases and mists by cent: _ d for and counter- solutions* Complete house including addition to weather stripping*1 as much as 317 124-130 {1 nra Assoc*, Reprint ritical character! the ease with which it can t$a Therefore the which ssgseelum dust may be formed aust he provided with sul tou* The author describes such sys- tmm la some detail for use ipal stages of fabrication of magne- siua eastings. Including , buffing and grinding, filing of stands and flexible shaf sty precautions are rocorroanded: (1) totally enclosed mAtbrejs ) all equipment should be grounded; (3) -a protectivejJUmyysSDUld pr unless the liquid flow is cor rect; (4) eq.uipBiSPsirT magnesium s ed for ferrous metals until cleaned; {5)/^&*rffir care should be axe: cutting torches, the author di,&&&* the question of oil v_, _ collecting medium, poiatjaSig& their relative advantages, ^jplt^no ne to the exclusion believing that the advantage*^ c necessarily ;ustt- additional expense. (This position _ s'by C.C. Hermann, who considers the libe tlcised in the discuswhen magnest-ja is torod under water a definite hazard, end insl ectors Aployisg water should be rented*) 313 Dirty Aprons and floor Bust are Spotted as Silicosis M. Reuter. Ceram. lad* . 42* 34* 37 (Pebruorr. 1944). ; This, is a brief account of the control of silicosis Co* At the beginning of the survey the employees and thei that silicosis is no cause for discharge, end. that slid eaei Buffalo Pottary on were assured _ silicosis are not aggravated :$y conditions controlled within, on acceptable After a thorough dust, survey,_ steps were taken to remove the dust hazards, including: ML furnishing clean,aprons daily; (2) daily scrubbing of floors; (3) machines to eliminate the hand batting-out operation; (4> wire gratings on finishing benches; (5) grated bench, tope for apecial batting-out operations; (6) change of lapsed in exhaust fane; and (7) isolation of dusty processes*. Industrial Hjrgian* Digest - 25 Industrial Medical Practice 319 Occupational Disease - The Approaches to an Adequate Study, J.G. Townsend* lad. Med., 1, 132-135 (February, 1944). , The following are key points to ooosiAft in an approach to an adequate study of occupational disease situations: JjMmve a sound workable program. (2) 3e with all phases of work<tMr plant. {3} &w the occupational dij law ju^^dictlon. UlPi^ra. the proper diagnostic tests. (5) data wnZeftthe '^njct Is^aStM (6) Rscord your observations, (?) Rst^m case. 1^k#se review the literature. (9) Cooperne(fcitnana en list tbe>&A^? m^mrcacgSaeers and safety men in solving kaottye^^pional dis ease probli^ ^i^^li^\bali with, the local practitlonor. -- recapitu lation. ' ^ ." ................ .' ~ i 320 Xnd. Safety Surrey :h hazards these are car motor vehicles and solvents and clodding and furfural), and dustry.` ...... substitutes are discussed, use of producer gas both in lens used as a fuel, substitute , trichloroethylene, carbon disulfide ture polishes and in the munitions, in- 321 IndustTial Hygiene Public Health Service. 32 pp.{1943! This is a book of^liowxmons hotographs, pamphlets, posters and films distjd^SSfc^y Public HealtSjServ^ The photographs, dealing with silicosis ho&ra^^hysical examinatiensv pi usekeeping, the fur felt hat iaduatry^a^ge Cow other hazardous oaqufcatio reproduced in the book, as ere a?riSfcibf the posters. . ed Woman Worker. Alabama State anuary, 1944^ absentee "rate for women, which has been c is a problem, of. importance.. A suggestion for tion.of.a.maternal.health program.' 'Some reconme of such pollclea are outlined....... Med., 13. 94-98 gher than that fer men problem is the adopto guide the fozoation 323 Factors in Reducing Industrial Absanteoima.'' E.O. 'HobStggtf* Executives Service Bull. (Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.) gj. 3-4 (Kovcmhe^^943) Servel, Inc., when confronted with, absenteoiem on conyersroBto war production, adopted a plan, which does not inflict penalties on abaenteofehut rather plans incentives and awards for "presentees." The plan is substantially an attendance contest, with prizes to the. individual with 6 months' and 1 year's perfect atten dance record, and plaques to the departments with the hast attondance. The success of the plan is evidenced by the decrease in absentee rate from 1C.C2* to 5.730 from April to July. Nutrition and recreation progwmm have aided in bring ing about success, ; .. . .. . 324 Fluency and Duration of Disabilities Causing'Absence from Work A~TMfl pjoyees of a Public Utility. 1938-1942. W.U. Gcfafer. Pub.HeeJ.th Hepts., 38, 1354-1563 (October 13, 1943). " " \ Absences on account of industrial injuries have Increased during this period, while absences for non-industrial injuries have dscreased. The srmuaV industrial Industrial Srgisne Digest - 2$ Injury nts for fannies art consistently lower than the corresponding rates for males, while their non-industrial rates art consistently higher. Tht five-year average for tht number of days per salt abaonct oa account of industrial injuries is approximately 32 days, the corresponding average for females being 36. Mbniaduatrial injuries, show fire-year averages of U and 14 days for males and fe males respectively. There is also shown a positive correlation between the move ment of the respiratory disease rate and the ratd for all sickness. It appears that for all tht males aa wall as for ta females the digestive diseases contri bute least to the* average annual amber of days absent per person; the respiratory group cad the aon-reapiratory-aoa-digeetive group, on the other hand, yield larger rates .and are similar in magnitud-Jeglhoth sexes. 323 Absenteeism Among Workers. q^wter of 1943. S. Public Health Service, {February, e? absentee rates for 1943 with th^-o^W^^nding few exceptions an increase for e6^2^ue. The longer on account of sicknoss^d^n-lndustnal which is an increase of ?Sr last year, greatest gain, and JM diinrtlve the lsast. irroue diseases bated to employment co seme long employed, some tory diseases am-ve gains in ^ reasing as it has since diseases, diseases of the arise, nephritis, bronchitis These Increases are attri- of youths and older workers^ some excluded from the axaed forces. overcrowding, migration 326 Absented ma of Induatri State Med. Soc., 42^ 707 {Septemberr 1943), Court presents cbda absenteeism saong indus- trial wrfcers. ^'wi'wf^ths Increase s has been in respiratory diagnoses, major elassifi ined about stable. Prom 1939 thresfinkfidaf; respiratory diffic the most frequent and the _ major cause of dlsabillf universal use of supple !tamins and the wide avallabill " does not seem to have meh. One of the charts shows : men the time lost in from short teal sickness, serious tioaal accidents and Occupational accidents* The relative unim; st category is ob- nous. Recent public statements by poorly rb^persdtf have exaggerated the importance of industrial accidents by 1,000 per c^$r more Another chart compares the stable rate of serious sickness among Ifotors factory work- era, with a sharp increase In short term absenteeism has occurred among these workers* An analysis of this rapidly increasing term absenteeism shows that the workers themselves give personal sickness h# reason for non- attendance in about two thirds of all cases, with sickness o^^ther members =f the family and other personal needs asking up the ysi nder*^ When this short term personal absence (alleged; to; be mostly sickness) la analyzed day by day it Is found that it is heavily concentrated on Saturdays and Kocdsys* these days average about, twice the lost time rate that is shown oa payday each week* Thus It appears that, the type of! absentetlai which is currently most disturbing - that Is, short tarn absenteeism - is usually attributable to sickness which reaches epidemic proportions around, ths; week end* Another striking fact about personal lost time is that absentee!sm;-is. concentrated mung a few workers who compose a chronic .fringe having more than their share of time off* One obvious character istic is the relative youth of the group*;- Aplaat physician may be able in an Industrial Ifcrgitna Digest 27 important number of cases to help affect soma reorientation of the individualfs understanding of his job or his horn# problems which will enable him to cope batter with those temptations which lead to excessive "weak end sickness" and related types of absence* 327 Psychosomatic Medicine and the General Practitioner. O.E. Stevonson. Caned. Xed. Assoc. J., 49, 488-492 (December, 1943). The author classifies psychic features in disease as follows: (1) delirious states (psychoses) due to toxemias affecting the brain; (2) delirious states due to organic brain disease; (3) delirious states due to constitutional predisposi- tlon, acted on adTeraely by eavlroawfcal stresses, and (4) mental factors com- or in part causing, att&la&sical disease. Each class is then " diriqpy, with most attention gjvmpfe psychoncuroses which come under the dass^^heir essentially of finding and removing theft al fact^M^th^M^gjM^Jafectaent of physical aspects. Psychoth^&y^ually simple to be well must be developed in pati^jfcSSflSi must ba aroused^^taaffS^oflnite persuasion, example and oncoi 328 The Psvcl (Sept< w* 286-287 The Jrist"""' * J ng -hls part in activities. On the ad- ieace the pdysMet fsel bo ue his special contribu- tttfo to the current,^iaeaes Vith a closer grasp of taf factors which influence the' r the Industrial worker, and. which have a bearing on his ^ee^lng o t and of solidarity with his fellows, the psychiatrist will be his individual patient and a more valu- able adviser to those who on to mould the Industrial and social organization of the 329 The Care of Mbn-Qc 13, 129-130 (?e^rhd^l944) When wnrtlme^c9eA)ions mako it access* turn to ^ei^utAedical .dcparmentv sent s^^Vd^mdke its Industrial physic] Mspician-patlent relationship, wy be rented to tbs physician for tl time when the physician is not on duty' whether treatment is part of industrial medic) the physician* A. kcCeualond. lad. ifed., and thslr families to personal illnesses nanoge- treat patients on a pnof the plant medical rtice should be given The question as to t be determined by 330 Health for Your Workers* A Yardstick for tfeasurinaJifalth Services in Your Plant. Committee on Industrial Health,. Heelth Advisory Couhbll^Chmber of Commerce of the United States*. 9 pp. Ho date*-* = .. This is an IndastriaX. self-evaluation form for the use of^Sfcsiaeaa concerns that want to.detaxmln* for thwolvas the adequacy of their hea|3&)care, or are plan ning to Inaugurate or expand their health progrms* It la hot a questionnaire and is not intended for return* - A spect for yes*, no and remarks is provided for each question considered* ?or Instance, the first point is physician, full tins, part time, or on call, yos or no for each* Sections A, Personnel and B, quarters end Equipment, are not scored, but a score is provided in Section c. Health Activities and Services* v. < . , 331 Precision Necessitates FitnessA Medical nd Sureteal Service end a Vision Program. H.G* Gardiner and C.Q. Sappington* :lad* Med*. 13. 138-142 (Feb.,I?44,. The evolution of a. standard Industrial medical and surgical service la a modern precision industry Is described briefly, supplemented by illustrations of layout, equipment and forms* In this eatablisteent, because of the nature of the ?erk and the necessity for visual fitness, Jhe vlsi^al^gogr^ dev^^ge^wltM^n^a year. Industrial Ifrgiane Digest - 28 332 An Industrial Medical Department - Organization end A&ainlstratloii. Ji,E.Manson lad* ked., !, 846-861 (Decber,1943). ' "` Information la presented relative to the amount of floor space, equipment and operating coata for a medical office la a plant employing approximately 1300 >:ricor3. The alza of the industrial aadical staff depends upon several factors, which art described*. The phase of administration considered la the nattar of selection of tie director - whether*ha should be a physician or a layman. The relationships of the industrial physician with management, employees, the legal department, the employment and sofotx^tpartments, and organized labor am also explained. 333 Prs-1 nt lnations: ------findings at Ooufliaa Aircraft* *.S. Calif 64 (Soptmaher, 1943) . The examination !ant embraces a "strip" physical, exaainati ed females* Smears are taken wfcmrmJS^Tcated. Special e visual acuity, Keystone teitlaa S^Sor testing, using stan harts ore performed. A routln^TKLgP^late chest X-ray is other areas where indicatg. Nwoutine Kahn blood test, count is made, AugSgmsis is complete for all ordered on faB^U$^9Slified and limited m~ has been rejection, Consequent decrease in rejec- Due;, consider*' 'fifeu^^reeted by employing such eg in- dividual, as well as (gtJoceupation offers* General clinical observations are entmara upon* It is felt that this system eon- tributes an important *ng keep workers on the Job and to lessen tho hours of lost 334 Records, the "Soei 1-33 (January, 19 The author disc tails of t col records/ of use. The genes' in two ke the individual' Accuracy and simplicity ever, is in the numerous reprod almost every industrial medical co V.J. Fulton. lad. tfed., 13. standpoint and. in many dathe records is smmsarized * and "records to use .The chief value of the forms end records The Pre-Baployment Physical Examination* State Had. X., 39 350 (April, 1943) * The plant physician must be thoroughly familiar tdraj&l types of mark done in the establishment, ai with the ptysicdL roquirmMnt^f^these positions. By using a complete form with special attention to those iMg* particularly apply ing to a Job, It la possible to place oployees In work e^ suited to their .abilities and to reduce the number of unnecessary rojecti< 336 Pitfalls ia:"Oobupe*f<wei Otmit P.A* Davis* Ohio State iled. X., 3?,; 337-338 (ApjfU, 1943). '' : Th; greatest; ;pltfailS'lh;diagnosls ;in occupational disease ere found whan there .is absence of knowledge of the substances In question* In avoiding pitfalls a differential' diagnosis must be made, and all date possible must be obtained to .substantiate the diagnosis. The 'author discusses many of the newly developed hhtiards, and industrial causes of dermatitis, which is tha occupational disease which seams' to lead in frequency, especially in war industries* By following a definite procedure, such as the one suggested by the author, he feels that pit- fallsindiagaosismay be kept to a minimum* Industrial Srs*a& Digest. - 29 337 Tbs Periodic Examination of Workers la Kon-foxio Chemicals. G.M. Ifaidie. lad. Med., 1> 124-128 February, 1944). Periodic examination* of *zk*rs la non-toxic chamicgls or* an important feat-ora of any industrial radical program. The frequency and the procedures of these examinations or* not subject to standardization, but the aora thorough tha examin ation and the laa protracted tha interval between examinations, tha greater the benefit to employees and ploy#r* The fruit of tho periodic axaaination ia tha uae made of ita findings. 2aployees should ba advised of tha results of tha ex amination, and should bo urged to secure nodical assistance in the correction or tha improvement of physical defects^eSttployeea cannot ba peaaitted by their neglect of thair physical deflciesdSb to jeopardize tha safety of their fell woxwehn or become hazardous to<4BmsCTes or to thair ployers.--Author* s 338 "Whenevef^t usually <y iterated of tha . 0( group of dl .clous anemia, they are not iadustrl the patients nay parfo other workers* The ext location of tha plant of tho practicing phy in Illness and Injury of Uncertain (Occirf^i' r T.J. Nereim. lad. Mad., 13, 130-131 'ion of doubt as to tha source of a occupational in origin," is a prln< 44] it is tad and re- >ftrance is made to a class of/ who, because een admitted into iaduatBk S^^often come to the aints that art the satf^^of fear, apprehension and persons must bMtegfcpized and treated judicious- ng cbronls^Smafe and renal diseases, diabetes, tregfSl j^^he industrial physician, though seases require close superrlatofe. that .d not btcoaa hazards to thsmeelve* and istment is given depends upon: The les^ed personnel available; and the assistance a* 339 Tha Periodic 13, 124-126 , 1944). The autho n number of asp* eaaphag improvement in habit co .n the examiner. Tha bene nticned in similar discusslo concern for their health, beyond the physician's success* L.B. Clinton. Iad. Med. ng physician*s experience, of the workers arising from ner himself is a point not attention to workers and examination, is necessary An Effective Preventive Medical Program -at an ed Industrial Plant. ?.W* Probst and L.D. Lewie. Ind. Med*. 1?. , 1944). The physlologlenl effects of specific cbamicals oi vlduals could not be followed because of rapid personnel transfers and operational changes, Using the Voulger system, excessive toxic exposures en discovered through abnormal scores* These discoveries led to Isprovsmeal the working envirca- meat and manufacturing methods* Systemic effects hare beed^volded by rcoonrg individuals developing abnormal blood pressure scores. Anchors'* summary. 341 Tha Place of Dentistry In Industrial Health Progress* L.D. Beaeock* lad. Med., 12, 672-680 (October, 1943). The realization that noa-oecupatlonal diseases tad illnesses cause by fa; :he greater percentage of absenteeism, with the consequent production and economic loss, is resulting in greater attention being paid to these conditions of the worker's health* Many of the nan-occupational diseases and some of the more serious nutritional deficiencies mey be recognised by their oral manifestations, and also the Industrial dentist must ba qualified to recognize and record^** welle. treat, mouth lesions resulting from over*expofurt to industrial hazards. *ncus- trial dental programs are discussed and methods suggested for providing dental services. - Industrial Ifygiene Digest - 30 342 Program for tag Handicapped, R.W. Unmons. Manpower Rev*, 1^, 13-16 (Jan# ,1944). The article relates the accomplishments of the U.S* Employment Service la oblo la placisg handicapped workers* The total number placed la the first 11 a^aths of 1943 was 12,016* Out of the total number of registrants for employment, 12% of the malts and 3% of tbs fmalas bad some physical impairment. About one- fifth of theee wera skilled workers* With careful selection of the workers for the jobs* their work has been very .generally satisfactory* Their attendance records hare been at least as good as those of other workers* A thorough search is being made for-possible additioog^^aadicapped workers who are not now ragis-, tered, ^ 343 for War^Eroduced Budd* Domestic Coaaerce* 344 Med.____ The study a plant i: cally at the group which able of perfo, sion is giv with em considerable amount of war produced Day Act directing federaZNje&rcsents to blind* In sewing*, a safety/gCkrjaid* from parts protects the operator* sVaa^afrom contact with probably be (mendedto other machlnary. blind workers hav4(3Knwed seeing wcrkers, ^ coneitteo is in charge of la being studied* Bsployaeat* S*X,*.Reed* lad* ?were hired between March 1 and July 1* at ntaber 291, more than 10%, were physi- workera who were still on the job kUt equal to tbose for the entire these t for some categories, are cap- assigned, staying on the job* A discus- blteu associated yment of the various groups, the importance of the" of 'ae&del' directors in helping these at of Physically earned* Lib# 'once Co* Pamphlet, . p. (August* 1943)'< ... 'he-first section* entitled "Keyaotea?'giTts $ a number of author* ities showing the dseirabllity of hiring pl^rsici fpped workers*. In a special*note for mil plants* it ris pointed out th the min znaber of physically handicapped ployed .at a call plant, thd^mhlam can be handled sat isfactorily by direct consultation with plant msnageaei^g&reBen and outside medical adrice where needed* familiarity with coding syd^ms will be necessary. Under the heeding "Principle* and Mechanics of the Plant ^ibaem*" the word "placement" is used .instead of a&ployment in connection wttti^jeniaations, etc. It is mot of: such assistance to prepare a list of jobs in adraace, but each appli cant must ba considered an an individual basis* A typical report form is shown as a suggestion for- handling clear-cut disability cases* Details of the use of such forme especially for the placnent officer, are given* Motes follow on the estimation of physical defects taken individually. In the discussion of "The Insurance Aspect,* the employer* a fears for responslbllty for a second accident, are allayedby showingthatia Massachusetts only 3 awards for such cases were made in one year, and that no hi^wrntaiACharged to cover such cases* In conclusion the'desirability of rehabilitation clinics in all industrial centers la urged* -,v- ~ - -- ' Industrial fyglan* Digest - 31 346 Jobs (October* 1943). Veterans. Anonymous* Kill A Factory. 33. 93-95. 244.246 ------------- --' * Handicapped veterans returning from the war are being employed by many large Detroit plants, and there is evory reason to believe that the nuaber eaployed will be au^uinted as the supply increases. With few exceptions they are proving to be highly satisfactory employees* Out of their experience they bring to their work an attitude that has a salutary effect on the morale of fellow workers* No special consideration is given these workers - they aro given real Jobs ami are treated as regular eaploytes. ~ 347 Penliliin and Propamidine in inlnction of Huolytlc Streptococci StafiDhilococci oqhs* Llaanncceet, 6035 (May 15, 1943)., ^ v\XJ>k out that the predominant part played J&fe^heftsBo- aphylococcus in interfering with thg perfect means for preventing and coniimkjb$3 infec- Sulfanllamide is not quite the ide^fc>^5it for this led ponicillia In the form of i|m^o 54 bums and 41 of the igaadeQ^SjSj the streptococci reappear. IjrQN^he strains which promptly sulfonamidMK^IjQft were no cases in which ^ many of the Propamidine was lytic streptococci They persisted Staptfiocaeci also disappeared quickly toxic effects ware observed* , _ (0*1%) to 34 similar bums* Tdays from 21 of the wounds {52%); nt with propamidine* Of these, 3 lost their streptococci was not quite so _ later treated with penicillin* Healing No toAc effects were observed. Coli form bacilli, Proteus ns* pyocyanea, when present in the wounds, were appar 1 >r agent* 348 Conduct of Sprague. Ind. Med., 13, 50-51 mu are given as to locat*^ first aid rooms* Activitie chad upon* stock of medicines rellaitatlons of the nurse he Problem of Fractures with Associated Bu^N^urifrfc&frrlneiples of Treament. D.C. Bodenhsm. Proc* Rov. Soc. Med*. 36. 6Sfe66a^tQctOhey> 1943). The author preeents seme information collected may;he?toyal Air Force for the .benefit of shipyards and other industries, whsre <Srak a combination of injuries nay easily occur. Cases should be rapidly transpot^4pto a fully equipped hospi tal* For prevention of infection* sulfonamide (pref&ally sulfathiazole) should be applied with firm pressure bondage* 350 Burn*. C.C. Luai. Rhode I.land Itod. I., 2, 197.200 (Octrar, 1943). The author discusses the fundamentals of first old and lat& treatment for bums, .Ho recommend* a simple bland ointment such as petrolstmi or boric acid ointment .for first aid, and gives tha four essatlal requirements for treatment as pre vention of pain* prevention of infection* optimum conditions for rapid healing, and minima disability during and aftar troatmsnt* A bibliography it included. 351 Adequacy of Industrial Lunch and gee of Brewer* Teast qf ^ 3ub-p1ament. C.A. Haller, C.M. McCoy aaAC*B* Lyon* J. Nutxit., > 385-390 (October 11, 1343). The meals served workers in oso cafeteria In the Brooklyn Navy Yard have been, sampled for the detexmination of riboflavin* niacin and thiamine* The noon meal usually furnishes at moat only one-fourth of the day's requirements for these Iadustr.il hygiene Digest - 32 vitamins, tad the varsity meal cannot be expected to furnish any sort unless eat ing habits art much improved. Dry brewer's yeast has provided a satisfactory method of supplementing the supply of these vitamin3, usually iacorporatad ia the food in amounts soall enough so that the taste was act detected. The yeast, in addition, affords antother good source of protein* 352 ^Practical Program **+ anW Rehabilitation* H.A. Vonachen. lad. Med., 12, 807-310 (December, 1943). Tho Pita* for rehabilitat^^SLthe ciniiaa and military handicapped wasy^r^nizad by^the Caterplllez^vattgr Co* Aftor its success was assured, ideaSws^p: ^ICany employers in the area hart ore made (1) 0T;_ y handicapped. Soae points of the acted imediately before the dlsablmK'wefans re turn. ( consists of cooperation betwM^BjMtcal, Fer- sonnai, is required (5) Stat benetfcft q he produc-^o, average. ^ Divisions, and Supervisors. bujar?ey of jobs ftion of handicapped persons sl^KidiW clarified, could be changed. (6) "Igf nebWsis" eases.will It is the experleno^oprehe Caterpillar Tractor absentee physically handicapped 353 Better Nutrition In Plx Bxtent Can the Industrial Medlbal Department Contribute. Med.. 13* 128-129 (February. 1944) * Numerous surreys hare s erage American working asn and woman does not eat adequately. The hat the sucoeas or failure of the plant nutrition program. depoM^^i^^^h in' shown by the oedical department. In the plant with which^ajSKwmrer the nodical department inspects the cafeteria about rth, wiifKiiani sal of waste is checked, as are also the prope$^rnrsgoof food and iness. Cafoteria employees aro GxaminejJp%C^)i year. Tho menu^ and nutritious foods are sug- vised that some refe to dis n pre-maployaent examination foms^ri vlead to correction of wro &CSfcary fa, tt The physician should se the program of education bijtfia us tars, bulletins and ha Effect of Diet on Toxic Aments, Anonymo (December, 1943). 425*426 The effective protection against toxic agents'by^ijMfery constituents has been demonstrated for a variety of compounds- In a recentjpaper it has been shown that TNT poisoning is most severe in rats when the Se^i high in fat and less on a carbohydrate diet, while moderate counts of THD'h^be fed with a protein diet without any signs of illness. These results eamot^i^dlrectly related to man. but available reports show less incidence of W poisQu^g in the United States than in Sngland, and it is suggested that either industrial hygienic condi tions ore better here, or that the diet of Americans'is more adequate, or both. 355 Groun Feeding in Shell PIgate - Observations on few and Why. J.J. Uodereood iad others. Ind. Med., 13, 160-170 (February, 1944). The wisdom of providing food for employees is generally recognized by industrial management. A plan which oould be adapted to the needs of sailer plants is presented, step by step. 1) Provide a dean, cheerful space where employees aay oat their lunches, (this spaee may also be utilized for group meetings, recrea tion, etc.). 2) Where convenient, vending machines may be used to supplement the worker's lunchbox and to fill the requirmaent* of supplementary feeding periods. 3) aployment of a dietitian or home economist who has specialized In institu tional feeding. 4) The establishment first of a canteen at one end of the lunch Industrial gjrgiene Digest - 33 room which. will progressively supplment and replace the worker's lunchbox. This service should grow la response to employee needs and requests, and is more like ..... ly to succeed if developed In this manner. 356 Dl&betaa and Injury. W.A. Bishop. J.Iud.Hyg.ic Tox., 26, 33-60 (7ebruary>1944). Under proaant conditions aarioua consideratIona must be given to the question of employment of diabetica in industry. Diabetica should be employed if they can be properly placed, controlled and supervised. Uncontrolled diabetics are a * menace to thamselvoa and others. BSbetes is due to decreased function of the^* ial^nda of Longerband. DiabetgMbnow caused by traima only when the pencdg\ jrdi^sy degree, and this occurs very rarel; Jed by shock or motional strain except ' severe motional, or psychic shock. (t-rapesuria .shed fro diabetes, and presence of sdSusp^augar does "Glycosuria any result from bead or nSjwJStJuries. In- ,ty may, by greatly reducing musA mMrburning power, worse, or assist latent dUheta^Jobecome manifest. Infections do not liaSetea, but frequently w^y. Often the diseasraiurc&t fully controlled to :hiMroctlon, and igtfm/tim?infection is controlled, the >etic state rel drugs have no deleterious effect on diabetics sent ^tw^control of infection as in no^dla- betlcs. -- Author's si col 33? Electronics In the Study C. Sheer end J.G. Lynn. Electronics. 17, 112*117, 338-340 PsycbophysiologicalrfMeXip^Efl'^ayoi'i vprmislng electronic instrument for indirect dl agnosiaj'^filbVeia dambgwHn & lion cases. Technical features in elude use of cults that amplificqt constant amplityge^J? tables hers* abstract. itiating circuits and trigger cirtiae-axis recording of 20 var- O \iy> let Radiation in the Tre.*tdi Cutting Oil. ^ ;es. Ind. Med., ^ 30 Uaauary, ra-nolet radiation In the treatment believed to be of value. Supplmcntary measures are also nt. * ,Tuberculoais Case finding: Probl< a in InduatriKKX Miale. Ind. Med., 12 602-606 tSeptmbor, 1943). ^ The Qusensboro Tuberculosis and Health Assoclatlon^tJ Department of Health sf the City of Mew 7ork* and the Queens County Medical prevent rise of tuberculosla rate in this country* tire industrial plants as a tuberculosis case finding 1) act as a promotion agent, contacting management and 1 in an attmpt to a plan to X-ray en A worker was to v 2) make *11 necess- ary technical arrangements with plant medical dapartment and personnel heads as to facilities needed and educational measures of movies* lectures, and litera ture. A portable X-ray unit is used taking 100 to 123 films per hour. All in dividuals whose paper X-ray reveals significant abnormal changes are referred to a consultation chest clinic. Through a chest specialist, renfendetiona are made aa to whether or not the individual should be permitted to continue marking. The fee for the paper X-ray is one dollar, consultation service is two dollars, and the entire aim is absorbed by the firm* It is believed, that a similar proce dure can ba economically incorporated into an already sound plant nedieal program, aa a means of detaxmining physical disabilities aong new and prospective mploy- ees as well as those already mployed. Large industries have fomd that the in- vesfeunt pays* Loaa of time due to <t*** is decreased, and the productiveness Industrial Hygiene Diktat - 34 of the ployeea as a unit is increased. A complete program of tuberculosis caa# finding, cad its proper and just disposal batman amployer tad employee, in* kab. carried out la me plants. 360 flaployabi_litr_ of the Tuberculous - A Yardstick for Judrinff Placepant and Super* n.slon. yI. Ritter and J.IT. Dugger. lad. Med. , 13. 37-3B (in^nry^ 19-Vt) A classification of tuberculous infections is given, which may bo used as a stan dard in placing or rejecting applicants who are tuberculous. Special considera tions are given concerning anployee^A woric in an area where silica dust is present* Adequate medical superrtrglcv^e not to be neglected. The^uf^lac Under^orty-ntafR\a^^acant in Industry. W.S. Priest. (fitf two' are of e most cosBonly encountered under that workers suffering cardiac in: cussed, are honest re time than the average for dicapped. A workmen* s compensation act i as a necessary of maplcyers to hire acs~ The writer sums up the tbs placement of com; cardlaca in industry is intelligent ng end cooperative effort oyer and cii social agency tria^Sftjyaician ;he 5\ and the attending phydi 362 The Significance of Rlsi K.3. Dana. Ind. Ked., 12, 738-39 Swmber, 1343). It is stated that there la w sure to- toxic chemicals in low concen- trationa that can be pod pressure. In the author's ^in ion* this sign is o effective,. and he attempts to jun tify his stand. 0*r\racxors w. load pressure changes similar to those caused by<^egcjnff to chenLlcals^re 11 I* A "blood pressure scora" and an "index of^ri^story balance" havajtfea cor Iqped to give semi-quantitatiTe estimatea^tf^oi worker's condition, sHg^&scor eated at sufficiently fre- quent^frSrt!$aIa art of great sigaificaadq^aSd ore eved to be essential if diseases are to bo prevented th and absentaeiaa are iduccd to- a ainirau Visual Erotisms in Modern Industry. a Ked. J\, 82, 286-289 (October, 1943). Industry sow demands en ophthalmologist who on ent a plant make# himself familiar with the diffarant patterns of the work, j spatial relationships * and sots up standards for selection and placmasat of tea. He must find lines of activity where workmen more or lass affected blindness can work efficiently with proper regard for tbalr safety and f plant. He has to study the nature of dose work* must advantage of the tive condi tions* and must know bow to rehabilitate Inefficient workers*^ He must also con- alder glare factors and note when general conditions causa eye fatigua. Among other conditions the Conlttee on Industrial Ophthalmology has agreed on acuity teats for appraising'the visual skill of tmployees as applied to the specific visual demands of each plant. The Committee's surrey includes clso distance acuity with and without glasses* color discrimination, muscle balance for dis tance and near* starsopsis, and the deteadastion otf near point# for the right and the left eye and for both eyes together. 364 Bre Manifestations of Seed Injuries. D.J.Iylq. X.AJLA. 123.673-79 (Dec.4,1943). Ths author discusses a number of foaa of heed injuries end their effect on tha eye, including concussion* contusion* laceration* compression, and cerebral hmorrhage. Industrial ^gisns Digest - 35 368 Keratoconjunctivitis A.J. Bedell, Jf*Y Stats J. Med*, 43^ 3049-2034 (Novber 1, 1943) tb* author describes tbs symptoms and course of epidsmic keratoconjuactiTttis with special mpbasis and consideration of tbs corneal Infiltrates and changes* Six cases are discussed. The opinion is strongly expressed that this is not an occupational disease, and that it is found in industry only because tbare one has togother a large collection of individuals of varied susceptibility. No treat* aent bas succeeded in preventing tbs corneal infiltrates. There is as yet no specific cure. During the acute atesfc the patient must be kept from work both for occupational hazards to hiasalfrSjpause 0f temporarily impaired vision, >f exposure of oth4*3mirora. The end results may be in evid< 366 At pros* junctint} casea clans toco; ce fcfl frem 3 to 12 day#^ cold compresses and E.C. Bach. Wisconsin Med. J., Milwaukee area ever a thousand cas 1943V. Wra to con- t to reallza that the source on in many ' Irst-aid rooms in plants and t^fch$5$ricee of physl- ess of this disease ujm resized. Spidealc kera- nt, and usually eye only. It is char- n swelling of urngEonal lymph nodes, and sub cities Qpfrnea* The incubation period earns t^%*Q3rlrus. Mild treatment, including >iutdfc^<gMTO/W> givs the beat results. (References.) 367 ^Estimation of Percentage H.A. Carter. X. Acoustical Soc. Am., 13, 37-90 (October, 1943) .s Tho author presents a m**&&&&estj the percentage lose of hearing for medico-legal casea, by iatereated sections of the Ameri- can Medical Assoc ' " *ck in a Shipyard: variance at tbs four Kaiser Rlch- mond Y tlrlsonfald. Pe re_?o\ m Mod. Bull., X, 21-29 (Octo- covers a period of 13 months f slag burns of the exter- .tory canal which were treated, % ondary oxtornal otitis, no pozsanent disability ensued in any were the subject in J2J& of the cases. Middle ear disease foil sudden and intense noise, and axposuro to irritant inhalations or atio of temperature, pres- sure, or himidlty Acoustic trauma if present ignificaat degree will re- suit in occupational deafness. Therapy is not eff ~ye so long as exposure cca- tlnusa. Sar plugs are an important measure in prer foreign body and ateoepherlc concussion hazard and of sound to loaocuous levels. An ideal ear plug bos ad They eliminate the excessive intensity been prepared, Tubetympanic catarrh* .which occurs with moderate frequen be prevented by avoiding excessive and rapid changes of a shipyard, may ture; pressure. tad huaidity and by instituting adequate suction ventilation systsms which will eliminate irritant Inhalations. 369 Women in Industry: A Study of 135 Women Korkina as Rivetera in the Aircraft In- dmtries. W.C. Bradbury and C.B.3. Brans* Calif, fc West. Med., * 119-121 [August, 1943). This is a preliminary report of a study of 135 rivetsrt with pelTic complaints. With the exception of 5 casea, there was definite evidence of previous pelvic pathology before smployment as a riveter. Tbs authors; believe that a good num ber of manpower hours can be conserved by. adequate pre-placmsent examination of women workers. This, however, has its obvious difficulties, though of good scientific merit* Industrial Qrglene Digsst - 36 370 Part-Time aaploygsnt of Wo--n In Wartime.- tX.S. Dept. of Labor, Woman's Bureau Special Bull., No* 13. (Juno, 1943). 9 Part-time employment of women is recosmonded as a moasuro of utilizing tie ser vices of women not available for full-time Jobs. It provide* os answer to local labor shortages; a Beans of increasing1 production without extending the hours of tiw working week; a means of meeting essential civilian requirements; and a prac tical method of offsetting absentee!** Working conditions standards must be maintained, and the wags seals bs comparably maintained. Development of community facilities to meet of the employed women, including adeqi pro&aion for child care, la 'marketing, shopping, and other house, is rectfgae&ded as tire necessity* 371 HediMjfeftfi! _ fnta of Woman in the gralosivea Ind Varney'. j2-124* (February, 1944) Satisfac with women workers is attributed three factors: (1) The ci and placement of workers* (2) tory tmrklng con- ditionsj late Lighting; proper correct seating, adj' Cj the worker and a st periods. (3) Adapting -r jt opdfhtion to* Individual* C ' workers are related to causae, if $dsgibley vcareful oo >n is gives to these, with ad- and treatment*5 ^ subject of occupational menorr- hagla, which many l_ m caused by standing at work for long periods* The sutJ ^ opinidfi^^t X these cases usually occur- in women who have- pre-existing pi or othsr types of diseass* 378 Which Jobs for Yo U. 3. Department of s Available on reguidF5>pwm that^purbau. A general cl^eniqgM>on of oecupa aorv Standards for the Aircraft Industry. 1 Pamphlet, 12 pp. INbveaber, 1943). aircraft industry is Bade, with a discusaion-mr'tiaMr suitability fd tors o^pJS&itaaiiff:lcation are pbys d~ chiaery and health ha: The obvious determining fac , exposure to mechanical 4 Tor Instance in welding 7 9 unsuitable Jobs are y safe departments are the those factors. Among the p, wing, center section, and fuselage assembly, final eking, electrical radio, instrument assmably and upholstery occupations generally unsuitable include the dope room, draw-bench osegatlo^^haodlslng, hast treat ing, deceasing, foundry, wood shops (where poiw^uieMnery is used) and flight ramps- Thera are exceptions to tho general rule^fS^nssrly every department. For machine shop work, reference is mads to Ho* 7 of ffyfjua* series* Cars in the selection of supervisors for young porsons, instruct|jg5a? their foremen in the limitations of their work, and the wearing of dlstineffff^Mdgss ere rtcomended. 373 Problmas of Sight Work* L* Tslsky. Ind* Ksd*, li, 7387^|UKovsmbsr, 1943). ' The fcusan body undergoes a 24-hour cycle in many functions, including temperature, pulse, blood pressure, respiration, oxygen and carbon, dioxide exchange, blood picture, and others* The tmaperature cycle Is simplest to follow and is probably indicative of the complete biological cycle* Meet of the paper, deals with the . effect of changes in hours of work on the body t*perature cycle* including the author's experiments and those reported in tbs literature* In general mrfci&g at other periods then ""tTM1 daytime hours produces an inversion of the cycle, i.e. a iihsia temperature in the early atraiag instead of lato afternoon. How ever, the none! cycles and changes in cycles very greatly according to tho in dividual, the nature of the work and other factors* from the study of tempera ture cycles and demonstrated affects of night work* the author concludes that: (1) continuous night work Is i&hsalthful and decreases produstlon; (8) shifts Industrial Hygiene Diktat - 37 should be rotated less frequently than weekly, at least at four weak: intervals; (3) the sight shift should be arranged so that one shift covers the whole night period* further research on the subject is an urgent need* 374 Toxicity of Tannic Acid: Experimental Investigation. Cr.8. Ctfieron, R.P.Kilton and J.W. Allen* Lancet, 2, 179 (August 14, 1943). Cameron and his associates report an^foerinental Investigation into the toxicit of tannic add and the chances oj^fh-^sorption fri burned areas, Some atlo^jbout the fate of tannic TOOgJafver it leeches the circulation is contrasted "Iththe bohavtoEChf geilia acid. Experiments have been c on goad^ rabbit^) guinep^$s#)and ruts, 290 animals being used in a acid wgrp^tain4d7^^n<i^n^dfferent' fiiws, but one sample age m most f% ffitramWlils sample contained about The authors pswMnt<^SMMnntal evidence that In solatia s injurious affect# on tJlfiSxgS^asPtilariea and possibly on thd After the In- troductl tannic aold directly ood stream or lap*. (he us tissues, pernsability centrolobular necrosis of plem* into the sous tissue* ?ri` and occasi lunge, sad leukocytosis, tion of a r add issues, as by subcutaneous la* j action, lead to cost .abed: _ counts into the blood and * per- ious Intoxication* T c* may also bs followed by absorption of tannic add* With la continuous bathing of tbs liver cells with blood containing t in tinge and destruction of certain tisanes. The Injurious trlbuted to gallic add, which Is rapidly rioved from point out that t .tic: orated in large amounts. The authors oil treatment of burns comes from the experiaentg^^th^Cautlon must criainatlon^n^^nons reached by exercised in applying to man without disniaals. They recognize that the ultimgtv^cision for or against anni^xjf^l method must come from human SnA they note that evldenc emulating which suggests ttmfihhdfor critical revision of this roal Disease Education in Industry* 2*H Cleveland* ana"dian Pub. Hs ealth JT., 494-90TTTaHioviheh^l943) By sponsoring an Industrial Hsclth Woek* the VeaKyer &&or Board of Trade dii trlbuted over half a million pieces of llteratur&p#>bed 190,000 iployed per sons receive booklets relative to venereal dlseasflTLJy tbs well planned program of educating Industrial groupa through public e&dortfgsats, newspaper consents, potters, and publicity* it Is hoped that some lasting ^metres and benaflclol effects have oame about* a?j) 376 Sftorgency Hlniaam Sanitation Standards* ff.S. Public Bealflgpertlee* Pub. Health Sects.. 38. 1793-1823 (December LO. 1943)* These standards constitute the third edition of the Sanitation Coda for State or Local Adoption* The use of the word emergency id the present code takes account of the fact thst under war condition#-tbs best saterial may not be obtainable* The Standards deal with nil phases of public sanitation, including as the main headings* water supplies; sewage and industrial wastes and excrota disposal; milk and milk products; frozen desserts; eating and drinking establishments; swimming and bathing places, refuse, garbage, rubbish and ashes; sanitation of habltabla buildings; tourist and other camps* itfemtHla 323-325-326 one mii& workers 322 statistic* Aoatig anhydride 324 limits of flamability 307 Air Mnalvsis acrylonitrile carbon disulfide cyanides Air disinflation aerosol Amlnothi toxicity Amonia polso experimental Anhydrous hydrofX acid Anthracosl "'ts Asbastom 290-291-292 tuberculosis 288*289 industrial 255 pnevaoconiosls frem. 284 Benzene and its homologies toxicity 281 Blood pressure index of exposure Book reviews and jtf 233-234-235 Brucallosi Bums ^ ^ ccma&&t}&~by frac- 349 rillin and propa- 347 Butadiene 350 safe practices 313 CadmiuBjglsenjgK, 262 Carbon disulphide literature since 1932 280 Carbon aonog.de domestic appliances 261 Carbon tetrachloride poisoning epidoaic 270 review of Utersturs269 Ceramic Industry dust control 312 Chloro-waxes synthetic . 314 Dentistry in industry 341 {Kerch, 1944) Dermatitis 245 comities 247 froa tear gas 244 humoral transnlssicn248 oils 246 prevention 230 ultra-violet treatment 356 jury 356 lead poisoning at blast furnaces In ship repair- treatment Light affects 311 265 266 heat 2 tnaidity Magnesium 260 dust control fire extinguishers Uodictl control occupational diseaj Medical serri< in surgical dressing manufacture Metal nowders 310 flanabillty and am* plosibility M^ehyl hvrmiti* *242 273 lUtlarl chloride * substitute for freon274 Mias fan signals 308 357' Staring Minors in aircraft Industrr. suitable jobs 372 Industrii shipyard' loss teaurgent Heart disease Job placmaent Hast exposure weight loes titrate explosives determination of 295 Hole# control 309 industrial " airplane motor tast- 254 Spurs of labor . and toxic agents health aspects 373 industrial plan Hydro carbons chlorinated v-^sl1 plants 354 353 355 toxicity ' 283 Industrial health htotm^ ala 336 evaluation 330 Industrial hygiene educa r study Sweden 319 320 tion 321 Industrial medicine medical records 334 Hereto conjunctivitis 365-366 Lead alloys, toxicity 267 chromete.toxicity 264 hazards, in soldering operations 268 Ophthalmology la industry 363 Particle site maaaurwaonts 301 the fllargraph 300 Patch tasting limitations 24* Peptic ulcers and external trams 243 PatroleiM aolvtnta . (Over) occup*dls cases 277 Index - 2 Physical winitlapa tschniq.ua 337-939 - Physician's responsibility 338 ' Pnennoconlosls in coal mints 285 Patvmonia shipbuilding industry 252 Poison jyy prsveativs'i^^ 2o*/^ Pre-saployasnl^ewlafl^l^i - ~ tions N3gg*335 Psychiatry in industry Psychosomatic atdi 327 Radium sEtanatidAs)J *272 Rshabili Pcorii^laiP' 358 Rhcumati 256 Safety lamps in mints 306 Sanitation standards 376 Sowaas plants * gas hazards 236 Silicosis radiologic classifica tion 887 Splrochotal*3Mnndlos iaT33StTPr 257 Static elwtricity Tubsrculosls cams finding in indus try employment factor industrial Horth Carolina Venereal distasss Ventilation- ~ in mgr factories Wmim lOMtt la Industry^ \ " 238 tlon of 239 of 302 health hazards 240-241