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* WORKBOOK MODULE BR-102 "OSHA, EXXON AND YOU" FEBRUARY, 1975 Property of Exxon Company, U.S.A. Not To Be Copied Training and Development Department Baton Rouge Refinery Prepared "by: F. S. Venable G. J. West, Jr. J. W. White SAL 0000PC3B3 WORKBOOK CONTENTS Section Introductory Comments ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Module Objective and Description ------------------------------------------------------------------- B Terminal Performance Objectives (TPO's, or what the trainee is expected to know and be able to do after taking the course) ----------------------------------------------------------------- C Exercise No. I----------------------------------------------------(Segment No. 1, What OSHA is and How it Works) D Exercise No. 2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(Segment No. 2, OSHA Inspections) E Exercise No. 3--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(Segment No. 3A, Workplace Violations) F Exercise No. L--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(Segment No. 3B, Electrical Violations) G Exercise No. 5--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(Segment No. 3C, Machine Guarding and Other Violations) II Exercise No. 6--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(Segment No. 4A, Occupational Disease) I Exercise No. 7--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(Segment No. UB, Specific Health Hazards) J KEY VISUALS AND GRAPHICS: What OSHA is and How it Works------------------------------------------------------------ K OSHA Inspections -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- L Workplace Violations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- M Electrical Violations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N Machine Guarding and Other Violations ----------------------------------------- 0 Occupational Disease ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P Specific Health Hazards -------------------------------------------------- Q MISCELLANEOUS REFERENCE MATERIAL ---------------------------------------------------------------------- R SAL OOOOkOHBA Introduet ory Cdiriment s The purpose of this workbook is to help you to remember the important facts which you are getting from the videotapes. Experience shows that participation by class members, through written responses to questions and incomplete statements rein forces what is taught through the primary medium, in this case videotape. Your instructor will tell you when to begin and when to stop each workbook exercise. Correct answers and filled-in spaces appear on the back of each sheet that you'll be asked to fill in. These exercises are not intended to be tests! If you don't know the answer to a question, don't waste a lot of time on it. Turn the page, check the correct answer, then go back and write the answer in the appropriate space. WRITING THE ANSWER IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE LEARNING EXPERIENCE!! _A-1 SAL 0CCC2C835 MODULE OBJECTIVE The objective of this module is to inform first and second line super visors in the Exxon Manufacturing circuit of the purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, of the rights and duties of the employer and employee under the Act, of how an OSHA inspection is conducted, and of some of the basic safety and health standards which affect our workplace. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1. The module is not designed to replace a safety program. 2. The module is designed to ''broaden" supervisors' knowledge beyond that which they actually need in the plant, because it is believed that this yields a more "rounded" supervisor. 3. The module is designed to be instructive to a relatively broad group of supervisors - as to both age and experience background. 4. It points out what OSHA has been putting emphasis on, in the safety area. Many of these things are elementary. 5. Some of the important requirements of the law have not been included not because they don't deserve the attention of Exxon supervisors, but rather because OSHA has not been concentrating on them in their inspections. 6. The health portion of this module represents a pioneering effort, because it gets into an area that previously has not commanded the attention of supervisors. In this health area, the module leads OSHA. 3-1 SAL 000020836 TERMINAL PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES By means of a written test, without the aid of written notes, the supervisor will demonstrate his knowledge of the Occupational Safety and Health Act by Recognizing - - that "OSHA" stands for the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 - a statement of the employer * s general duty under the Act - a statement of the employee * s responsibilities under the law - that some states have been authorized by OSHA to develop and enforce their own safety and health lavs - a statement of what group of employees are covered by the Act - the organization which provided the source of the current safety and health standards - the method by which OSHA standards are enforced - the method by which an employer can seek relief from unjust citations, unjust penalties, and/or too short a period being allowed to correct deficiencies Recognizing key safety items from a current list of frequently-cited and/or potential "workplace*1 violations: - general housekeeping violations (scattered trash, slippery floors, etc.) - open sided floors, platforms and runways ~ stairway handrails - exit markings (location, lighting, visibility) - fire extinguishers (location and accessibility) - aisle markings - floor load limits - storing flammables - excavation and trenching - scaffolding (tubular and "horse") safety C-l SAL 0C0C2Cd37 EXERCISE NO. 1 WHAT OSHA IS AND HOW IT WORKS SEGMENT i 1. The letters OSHA stand for the and. 2. The objective of Congress when it passed OSHA was to assure, so far as possible, every working man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions and to perserve our human resources. True. False . 3. The OSH Act was signed into law: June 1970 _________ April 1971 Dec. 1970 _________ Dec. 1971 None of these 1. All employees whose employer is engaged in business affecting excluding federal, state and locaJ. governments are covered by the Act. Also excluded are those employees who are covered by similar governmental programs already in effect such as the Federal Coal Mine Act and the Atomic Energy Act. _D-1 SAL 0C002C339 5. OSHA lists wo employer responsibilities : - To furnish each of his employees working conditions that are free from recognized safety and health hazards that are causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm. - To comply with the specific safety and health standards which have been made law. The first responsibility as given above is frequently referred to as theClause. 6. The Act states that an employee must comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Standards and all rules, regulations and orders issued by OSHA concerning the employee's actions. The Act does not permit the Compliance Officer to issue the imployee a citation. Do you consider this logical/illogical? 7. OSILA will permit individual states to develop and administer their own safety and health standards and to establish their own inspection force as long as the state's program is as effective as OSHA's - True . False 8. In developing Safety and Health Standards OSKA was prohibited from adopting national standards such as those published by the American National Standards Insitute and the National Fire Protection Association because these standards were not well accepted by businesses and industry. True . False D-3 SAL C0GC2G84G 9. Name five of the types of things you saw in this segment that an OSKA inspector checks for when inspecting a typical workplace: 10. If an employer believes he has been unjustly cited for a violation of OSHA or that the proposed fine is excessive or the time allowed to correct the deficiency is not sufficient he may contest the citation by writing the OSHA area office that issued the citation. He has working days to do this. If no action is taken the citation becomes final. END OF WORKBOOK EXERCISE NO. 1. DO NOT CONTINUE UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO. _D-5 SAL 0CGC2C841 EXERCISE NO. 2 OSHA INSPECTIONS SEGMENT 2 1. To meet the goal of providing each employee a safe and healthful workplace it is important that employers voluntarily comply with the OSHA safety and health regulations because it is impractical for OSHA to have enough inspectors to find all the deficiencies in a reasonable period of time. True False 2. OSHA has established a priority system to decide which businesses to inspect. The factors considered are listed below but not in order of importance. Arrange the factors in order of decreasing importance by placing the appropriate number to the left of the factor with 1 being the most important. ________ Target Industry - Those industries with poor accident and health records such as lumber and wood products, roofing and sheet metal, mobile heme manufacturing, longshoring, industries with high and repeated exposure to harmful materials such as asbestos, cotton dust, silica, lead, carbon monixide. ________ Random selection ________ An accident or industrial disease which involved a fatality or requires the hospitalisation of 5 or more persons. ________ Employee complaint of an GSHA violation. 3. A minimum of fifteen days advance notice is required by law prior to an OSHA inspection so the employer can have his desired representative present. True . False . U. OSHA permits an employee who has submitted a complaint of an OSHA violation to have his name withheld from the employer. Further the law protects an employee submitting a complaint from any act of reprisal due to his submitting a complaint. True . False ____. -E-l rr SAL 0 C 0 C 2 C 3 4 2 EXERCISE NO. 6 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE SEGMENT hA 1. As a supervisor your eyesight, your hearing, your sense of smell and your ______________________ can be important tools in detecting possible industrial hygiene problems. 2. Name the 10 troublemakers you were told about in this segment. (a) (f) (b) (c) (*) (h) (d) (I) (e) t.i) 3. Dust is defined as particles of any solid material which are so small that they can become airborne.______T ________ F 4. Fumes are a collection of tiny droplets of high boiling point oils which will not vaporise at normal atmospheric conditions. ______ T ______F 5. are tiny liquid droplets which are suspended in air. Fog is a common example of aof water. 6. are simply liquids which through evaporation or boiling have been changed into a gas. The which come out of your gas tank when you remove the cap is one example. 7. All of the troublemakers except noise are contacted either by breathing them, by absorbing them through the skin or by ingesting them along with something we eat, drink or smoke. ______T F 8. The contact of is the most frequent but not only means by which employees in a refinery or chemical plant atmosphere become exposed to our troublemakers. 1-1 SAL OCOC2C3A3 15. The general rule is that all conduit entering an explosion proof housing should have a sealed fitting. ______ T F lb. A simple rule to remember is that electrical equipment which could become energized if there were an insulation failure should be grounded if it can be contacted by an employee who would be part of the path to ground. ______ T ______ F IT. CSHA requires the use of grounded extension cords. ______ T ______F 18. Because of OSHA, manufacturers are constructing extension cords with a fine wire mesh sheath within the exterior covering of extension cords to prevent mechanical damage therefore providing mechanical protection for these cords is no longer required. ______ T ______ F 19. The problem with connecting dissimilar materials such as copper and aluminum is that it is difficult to get a lasting good connection. Poor connections have resulted in fires. ______ T ______F 20. Unqualified personnel must be restricted from buildings and enclosures containing exposed energized equipment. Danger signs and locks are used to exclude unauthorized personnel. ______ T ______ F 21. 08HA requires that switches, circuit breakers, or other disconnects for a motor, electrical feeder or other electrical equipment be legibly marked. ______ T ______ F 22. Electrical equipment or motor driven equipment should be shut down and before mechanical work is done on it. 23. The minimum safe distance that a crane or its load should be from exposed power lines is feet. Even greater distances are required where the line voltage exceeds 50,000 volts. 2k. A simple but important rule tc remember is: only employees should do skilled electrical work. END OF WORKBOOK EXERCISE NO. U. DO NOT CONTINUE UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO. G-5 SAL 0CG02C844 15. True The fitting must also be filled with sealing compound. 16. True IT. 18. True - The only exception would be where a double insulated tool is used. False - Providing mechanical protection or running extension cords where they can't be damaged is essential. 19 True 20. True 21, True 22. tagged out or locked out. The correct answer depends upon the practice followed at your plant. 23. 2k. Qualified G-6 SAL GC002C845 EXERCISE NO. 5 MACHINE GUARIING & OTHER SEGMENT 3C 1. There are more OSHA citations issued for machine guarding violations than any other category of violations. ______ T ______ F 2. More of the OSHA citations involving machine guarding are classed as (de minimis/non-serious/serious/imminent danger) than in any other category of violations. 3. means the precise point at which the cutting, the shaping, or the forming operation is being performed. 1.are those points where some part moves toward a stationary object or where machine parts rotate toward each other. 5. OSHA requires that "points of operation" and "in-going nip points" be guarded. (a) Only enclosure guards are acceptable by OSHA for guarding points of operation. ______T ________ F (b) The most common type of guard used to protect aginst in-going nip points is the enclosure guard. ______ T ______ F 6. Arrange the following methods of machine guarding in order of increasing complexity with the simplist listed as "a": automatic gruards, enclosure guards, interlocking guards and special protective devices. (a) (b) (a) H-l SAL 000020346 7. automatic guard 8. (a) to make certain the machines used by his employees are properly guarded (b) to make certain his employees use the guards which are provided 9. True 10. 20 11. False - Gas cylinders should not be handled with slings or electro magnets. A special lifting cradle securing the cylinders should be used. 12. 30 13. True - Although the Act requires the employee to obey the law it does not provide for citations to be issued to employees. The basis for this is that the employer has prime responsibility for employee discipline. H--4 SAL 0C00d03A9 7. Most of the areas in a refinery or chemical plant which might reasonably be expected to have an explosive atmosphere if there was an equipment failure would be classified: Class I, Division II, Group D. ______T ' F 8. Electrical equipment, battery powered instruments, electric tools purchased for use in Unclassified Areas should not be used in or areas without a hot work permit or modification of the equipment or special approval by the safety department. 9. Electrical equipment purchased for a Class I, Division I, Group D atmosphere can he safely used in a Class I, Division II, Group B atmosphere. ______ T ______ F 10. Low voltage, battery powered instruments, tools or communication equipment do not have sufficient energy to "set off'1 a fire or explosion. ______ T ______ F 11. Intrinsically safe on the label of a piece of electrical equipment means in simple terms 12. The surface temperature of lighting fixtures, hot plates, electronic tubes would not be of concern inside a building if there was no way for liquid hydrocarbon to spray on the surface. ______ T ______ F 13. Mercury vapor light fixtures can be interchanged for incandescent light fixtures because a mercury vapor light will operate cooler than an incandescent light of the same wattage. ______ T ______ F lb. Since explosion proof housings are designed with a U to 1 safety factor up to 25% of the cover bolts or 25% of the effective thread area can be left out or disengaged with no real loss of effectiveness. TF G-3 SAL 000020850 1. True ANSWERS TO EXERCISE NO. 4 ELECTRICAL VIOLATIONS SEGMENT 3B 2. (Order nox important) (a) Hazardous areas (t>) grounding of electrical equipment (c) flexible cords and cables (d) general items 3. True 4. Class I (c) Hydrocarbon vapors and gases Class II (a) Combustible dusts of coal, coke, metals, etc. Class Ill(d) lint or flyings from cloth 5. Division I - Division II areas would normally have an explosive atmosphere only if there were an equipment failure. 6. either unclassified or general purpose. The newer term being used is unclassified. 0-2 SAL Q0002C353 19. It may "be necessary to get engineering assistance for shoring design when excavating in previously backfilled areas, where unusual ground water conditions exist or adjacent to existing foundations. ______T F 20. The basis for the scaffold standard is that it is important to provide the employee with a good surface to work from. If the work can't be reached from the ground or some other solid surface, a sturdy ladder or good scaffold should be provided. Name six of the eight factors pointed out in this segment which are required for a good scaffold. a. _ b. _____ c. d. e. __________________________________________ f. 21. The horses for a light duty scaffold (25#/Sq. Ft.) should be no more than feet apart. For a medium scaffold (50.#/sq. ft.) they should be no farther than feet apart. END OF WORKBOOK EXERCISE NO. 3. DO NOT CONTINUE UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO. F-5 SAL 0C002G354 1 j 19. True - or any time where unusual conditions exist. 20. (Order not important) a. good footing b. sound scaffolding materials c. solidly decked working platform d. decking hoards must overlap their supports 6tT - l8M. e. uprights shall be plumb f. uprights shall be securely braced g. guardrail, and toeboard required when work platform is above IQ1. A midrail may be required. h. Ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. 21. eight five F-6 SAL GCGC2C355 9. Where exits are hidden from view, exit signs with __________ should be used to indicate the way to the exit. 10. Doors to closets, equipment rooms or any door which could be mistaken for an exit should be labeled in what manner? 11. Fire extinguishers should be _________________ and conspicuous. They should be inspected monthly as a minimum to see that they are , have not been or 12. Fire extinguishers should be thoroughly inspected at least .. At the time of this inspection a durable tag shall be attached showing the date of servicing and the name or initials of the individual doing the servicing. 13. OSHA requires that permanent aisles shall be clearly marked with yellow and black lines. ______ T ______F lU. Above grade floors in warehouses should have signs posted. 15. Because of the magnitude of flammable materials handled in refineries and chemical plants, OSHA has excluded checking the handling of flammables from their inspection of these facilities. _______ T ______ F 16. Shoring or sloping of trenches and excavations will normally be required if the excavation is or more feet deep. IT. A ladder or equivalent safe access is required if the trench or excavation is feet or more deep. This should be no more than feet from the people working in the excavation. 18. Excavated material or other materials like piping, boards, etc., should be placed no closer than feet from the edge of the excavation if people will be working within the excavation. F-3 rr sal 000G20 8 56 9. arrows 10. by telling, what it is or what it isn't 11. accessible in place discharged cr damaged 12. annually 13. False - Permanent aisles should be marked but the manner of marking is left to the employer. lb. load limit 15. False - There are numerous OSHA rules covering the handling and storage of flammables. Small quantities shall be kept in covered containers. Consult your plant regulations or the Federal Register for details. 16. five 17. four twenty-five 18. two F-U SAL GO 0020857 EXERCISE NO. 3 WORKPLACE VIOLATIONS SEGMENT 3A 1. The OSKA, Exxon and You supervisory training module was developed to give you all the OSHA regulations which apply to the refinery and chemical plant operations. ______ True ______ False 2. OSHA Compliance Officers concentrate on violations of standards involving poor housekeeping, open-sided floors, and stairway handrails because: a. T F Violations of these standards lead to falls which can seriously injure employees. b. T F These violations are easy to spot. c. T F The President made these areas target areas in his speech announcing the new law. 3. Good househeeping is an important part of Loth Process and Mechanical's job if a safe workplace is to be maintained. ______ T _______ F L. Fixed ladders which are over 20* in height do not require the entrance to be protected if the ladder is equipped with a cage. ______ T ______ F 5. Temporary floor openings should be protected by either a or. 6. Open-sided floors, platforms and runways require standard handrails if they are feet or more above grade or other working surface. 7. are required for stairs with U or more risers. 8. Exit signs must be readily visible, with letters at least 6 inches high, of a color from its background and be lighted either ______ or _______________ . F-l SAL 0CQ02C35d Statements b, e and g are incorrect and should be circled b. The Compliance Officer reviews the violations and the proposed penalties with his Area Director. The Area Director decides if a citation is to be issued and the amount of the fine. e. Even though a violation is classed as serious or imminent danger the employer has a legal right to contest it. He may take the position that he has not violated the law, or he may contest the penalty, or the time allowed to eliminate the violation or any combination of these. g. Citations will be issued for violations found regardless of whether or not the employer agrees to correct the deficiencies. Agreement to correct the problems, however, would most likely indicate the the employer's good faith and would most likely result in reduced penalties. fi-8 SAL 0C.GC2C861 7. Under imminent danger conditions an OSHA Compliance Officer will do the following: True False a. ______ b. ______ c. ______ d. ______ ________ Notify the employer of the conditions and attempt to convince him to move his employees until the problem is corrected. ________ Order the employer to shut down the operation and remove his employees until the danger is eliminated. ________ Notify the employees of the changes and order them to clear the above site until the danger is eliminated. ________ Notify his Area Director of the condition and if the Area Director agrees, the Area Director will request the U.S. District Court having juris diction to issue a restraining order shutting down the equipment or condition which created the problem. 5 SAL rr 0CCC2C862 ii 7. True False a / The Compliance Officer does not have this authority. He must notify the employees hut he is not permitted to order an operation to he shut down. The final decision whether or not to shut down an oneration rests with the court. -6 SAL 000020863 5. The OSHA Compliance Officer is normally accompanied on his inspection by a representative of the employer and a representative of the employees. If there is no union representative the Compliance Officer must talk with a sufficient number of employees about safety and health matters to evaluate the employer's interest in the safety area and the effectiveness of his program. True False. 6. Violations are classed as to seriousness as de minimis, non-serious, serious and imminent danger. Fill in the blanks below using these terms. a. A violation is one where conditions are such that it can resaonsably be expected that death or serious physical harm is likely to -occur. b. A violation is one which could have an effect on the employee's safety or health but would not cause death or serious physical harm. c. A violation is one which would have no immediate or direct relationship on an employee's safety or health. d. A violation exists if there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm can result from it. -E-3 sAL 000020864 5 True 6. a. serious b. non-serious c. ae minimis d. imminent danger --h SAL 00CC2C865 9. Normally the skin acts as a barrier to protect your internal organs from harmful substances; however, seme materials such as tetraethyl lead and phenol can pass directly through the skin and be absorbed into the body. ______ 1 ______ F 10. Because of the low quantities of "free" lead and mercury in the atmosphere, employees working with these materials should not be concerned with ingestion or swallowing them by eating, drinking or smoking. ______ T ______ F 11. The possibility of ___________materials in the atmosphere must be considered when selecting a location for employees to eat or prepare food. 12. Only when an employee is to yeans old or older is a loud but long duration noise likely to cause permanent hearing damage. ______ T ______ 13. The results of exposure tc the ten troublemakers covered by the segment are: (a) ;cl) (b) (e) (c) (f) 1U. Of the list of peculiarities associated with industrial diseases (slow to develop, latent or dormant, similar symptoms, plain hard to recognize, irreversible) the most significant is that industrial diseases are irreversible. ______ T ______ F 15. As a supervisor you should do everything you can to employees from getting occupational diseases in the first place. 1-3 SAL 0C002C866 9. True 10. False - Although any single exposure may he slight, these materials have a cumulative effect, therefore good sanitation practice should be followed. 11. toxic/harmful/poisonous/etc (any of the above) 12. False - Loss of hearing can occur at any age (a) (b) (c) discomfort inefficiency sickness (a) disability (e) premature aging (f) death lb. True 15 - prevent I-b SAL 0GQC2C867 16. The following is a list of steps you can take to minimize the chance of having the 10 troublemakers from "getting to" your employees: (a) Study your safety standards. (b) Read labels on materials ycur employees use. (e) Be watchful for 'unusual oust or vapor clouds. (d) Be alert for strong odors. (e) Be aware of things in the atmosphere which burn the eyes or throat, or irritate the skin. (f) Keep all your senses alert for changes in normal conditions. (g) Inform your employees of hazardous materials or conditions so they can protect themselves. T _____________ F IT. The Occupational Safety and Health Act makes it the employers responsibility to inform his employees of toxic materials or hazardous conditions in the employee's work area. The supervisor has a responsibility to see that this is done. ______ T ______ F END OF WORKBOOK EXERCISE NO. 6. DO HOT CONTINUE UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO. "1-5 SAL 000020368 i i 16. True 17 - True 1-6 SAL 000020869 EXERCISE NO. 7 SPECIFIC HEALTH HAZARDS SEGMENT 4b 1. List the "Big Ten Bad Actors" plus any additional ones your instructor told you about which are unique to your plant. (a) (f) (b) (g) (c) (h) fd) (i) (e) (j ) Others 2. Asbestos dust generated from items such as insulation, transite, marinite board, just to name a few, can cause asbestosis (permanent scarring of the lungs) and is thought to cause mesothelimona (a type of cancer of the lining of the chest wall). ______ T ______ F 3. The current threshold limit value (TLV) for asbestos fibers is.2 fibers longer than 5 microns for every cubic centimeter of air. ______T ________ F 4. A good rule of thumb is that if you can see dust particles in the air from asbestos bearing materials you most likely are exceeding the TLV and protective equipment should be worn until an exact determi nation of the asbestos fiber level can be made. ______T ________F 3. Lead poisoning can occur when employees are exposed to lead fumes--or' lead dust unless proper ventilation is provided, protective equipment such as respirators are worn, and employees wash their hands and face with soap and water before smoking or eating. ______ T _______ F J-l SAL 000020370 ANSWERS TO EXERCISE KO. T SPECIFIC HEALTH HAZARDS SEGMENT LB (a) asbestos (f) phenol (b ) cadmium (fi) hydrogen sulfide (;pns) fc) lead <h) chlorine (a) benzene (i) carbon monoxide (e) sulfuric acid (j) noise Others: ________As given by instructor fcr your plant 2. True 3. False - The present TLV for asbestos is 5 fibers per cubic centimeters of air. However, this will be decreased to 2 fibers per cubic centimeter by July 1, 1976. U, True - See your Plant Safety manual for the specific requirements fcr asbestos in your plant 5 True J-2 SAL 0C002C871 6. The typical symptoms of lead poisoning are gastro-intestinal disorders, anemia, weakness and even. 7. Fumes and dusts are always visible if the lead concentration is high enough to cause a problem. _______ T F 8. Cadmium is frequently used as a coating for such things as bolts, nuts, washers, etc., and is easily distinguished from zinc coated materials because of the shiny finish of cadmium parts. ______ T ______ F 9. When cadmium welding and brazing rods are used or cadmium plated bolts and nuts are "cut" with a burning torch, the vapors given off are toxic enough to kill you in a short period of time unless proper precautions are taken. ______ T ______ F 10. Cadmium fumes have a strong acidic odor and tend to burn your eyes when the concentration is high enough to harm you. ______T ________F 11. A simple test for cadmium plated materials is to gently heat a spot the size of a nickel with a burning torch. On cadmium plated materials the spot will form a : film while cooling while zinc coated materials will turn a _____________________________ color. Limit the test to a few seconds to prevent over-exposure to c admium fume s . 12. Proper ventilation and respirators shall be worn where cadmium bearing materials are heated above 6l0F - cadmium's boiling point. ______ T ______F 13. Benzene has aodor but if you can smell it, the concentration usually is too high to be safe without protective equipment. lh. Exposure to excessive levels of benzene can affect the bone marrow resulting in anemia or absence of certain types of blood cells. The condition is irreversible. ___ T _____ F 15. There are many in the industrial medical field who believe that excessive benzene exposure (leads/does not lead) to lukemia. -J-3 SAL OCOC2C372 6. braindamage a symptom.of prolonged exposure T. False brain damage would be 8. False - Although many of the cadmium plated items you see in a hardware store do have a bright shiny finish, industrial cadmium plated items can be a dull finish like zinc. 9- True 10, False - A bad thing about cadmium fume poisoning is that you may not realize you are being exposed to toxic materials until it's too late. 11. gold-yellow smoky-grey 12. True 13, lL. True 15 sweet pleasant leads SAL 00002087 16. Everyone knows that being sprayed or splashed with sulfuric acid can cause extremely painful chemical burns or loss of eyesight. Chronic exposure to sulfuric acid mist above the accepted working level can cause continuous irritation of the throat, sinuses and eyes as well as a chronic cough. ______ T ______ F 17. Phenol has a sweet, heavy odor. ______ T ______ F 18. Phenol is highly toxic by way of ingestion, by inhaling and by through the skin. 19- Another name for phenol isacid. 20. The worst thing about phenol is the severe skin burns or eye damage which can be done if an employee is sprayed. ______ T ______ F 21. Wearing proper eye, face, and body protective equipment is essential when working around equipment which contains phenol. ______ T ______ F 22. If an employee is sprayed with phenol he should ________ 23. Only process streams which have a high percentage of phenol are a safety problem. ______ T ______ F 2b. Concentrated phenol can have an anesthetic effect on the skin so that it. can cause deep burns without the employee realizing the severity of the burn. ______ T ______ F 25. A practical tip to remember about phenol is that if your eyes, nose or skin become irritated by its vapors you are probably in a concention which is too high for safety without protective equipment. TF f-5 sAL 00 J020d 74 16. True IT- True IS. absorption 19 carbolic 20. False - Although it is true that phenol can cause severe chemical burns or loss of eyesight its worst feature is that it can cause collapse and death. 21. True 22. immediately drench himself under,a safety shower or other water source while removing all his phenol soaked clothing including his shoes. He should receive immediate medical attention. Be certain the attending doctor knows that the employee has had a phenol exposure. 23. False - The length of exposure and amount of body surface covered are more important than the concentration of phenol. 2b, True - The initial contact will be felt but due to the anesthetic effect the employee may not realize damage to the body will continue until the phenol is washed off. 25. True J-6 S/'L 0Q0C20875 26. Many employees do not realize that a phenol accident can cause death unless proper steps are taken immediately. ______ T ______ F 27. Another common term used for hydrogen sulfide gas is ____________________ . 28. Hydrogen sulfide has a characteristic odor of at very low concentrations. (1/10 part per million) 29. The ability to smell hydrogen sulfide's characteristic odor is lost at levels above 100 PPM. This can easily mislead an employee into thinking he is out of danger when actuaJLly the concentration could be increasing. ______ T ______ F 30. is a greenish, yellow gas with a pungent suffocating odor. It can cause severe damage to the lungs and eyes at concentrations as low as a few hundred parts per million. 31. For the gas mentioned in statement No. 30, a good rule of thumb is: if you can smell it, or if your eyes and nose are irritated by it, you most likely are approaching an unsafe concentration of the gas. ______T _______ F 32. is a colorless, odorless gas formed from the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials such as hydrocarbons, wood, and coal. 33. Symptoms of poisoning from the above mentioned gas- (#32) are headache, nausea, drowsiness and eventual loss of consciousness. ______T ________F 3^. Extremely loud noises or a high noise level over an extended period of time can result in permanent. 35. Early symptoms of exposure to excessive noise levels are or |' 36. A good rule of thumb to follow is that if because of background noise you have to talk above your normal level to be heard by someone at arms length you are probably exposed to a noise level above 90 decibels. -J-7 fr II ` SAL 0CCC2CW76 26. True - This is where you as a supervisor can play an important part by informing the employee of the dangers of phenol and other toxic materials he may encounter. 2o. rotteneggs 29. True - After the sense of smell is deadened other symptoms of excessive H0S exposure most likely will occur. These are: headache, dizziness, excitement, nausea, dryness and sensation of pain in the nose and throat and chest, and coughing. 30. chlorine (cl^) 31. True 32. Carbon monoxide (CO) 33. True - death can occur if an employee is not quickly removed from the carbon monoxide atmosphere and breathing restored. 3k. hearing loss / damage 35. temporary hearing loss or ringing in the ears 36. True J-8 G00C20377 37. Ear protection should be vorn or time of exposure should be limited to the periods specified by OSHA where noise level exceeds 90 decibels (commonly referred to as 90dA). ______ T ______ F 38. A large compressor in a refinery or chemical plant can have a noise level in the 120dBA range unless it has had acoustical treatment. TF 39. If the industrial hygienist in your plant tells you that the noise level of a large pump has increased from lOOdBA to 110&BA because of higher feed rates you know that the noise problem is only slightly worse - about 10%. ______ T ______ F 40. After you have posted signs warning of high noise areas and supplied your employees with hearing protective devices such as ear plugs or ear muffs you have done all that is necessary to comply with OSHA. ______T _______ F Ll. An important part of your job as an Exxon supervisor is to be alert for industrial safety and health problems, know what to do about them, set a good example for your employees and "END OF W0RKB00D EXERCISE NO. 7. -J-9 SAL 00002C378 37. 38. True - Exxon requires that hearing protection he worn when noise levels exceed 90 dBA. It is up to the supervisor to enforce this rule unless your plant has adopted a different basis. Your instructor will tell you of the rule which applies to your plant. True 39. False - An increase of from 100 to 110 dBA means the sound power has actually been increased to 10 times the original level or 1000%. U0. False - As a supervisor you must see that employees use the hearing protection devices they are given. In addition OSHA does not permit the use of ear protective devices as a long range solution to a noise problem. OSHA requires engineering changes to reduce the noise level or administrative controls so that the employees' exposure on the basis of noise level and period of exposure remains at or below the limits they have set. Ul. inform your employees of the safety and health problems that exist and the steps they must take to protect themselves. END OF WORKBOOK EXERCISES. X-10 SAL OC 00 2037 9 OaSOZOOOO l^S OZ6I P VY ^PS Txn^^d'n'*>6) sh>h *i ^K ?up si V'H`$D Wl Ml G#UJ cmterit of C&nqress TO ASSURE, AS EAR AS POSSIBLE, EVERY WORKING MAN AND WOMAN IN THE NATION, SAFE AND HEALTHFUL WORKING CONDITIONS, AND TO PRESERVE OUR HUMAN RESOURCES- (mptoqr<)s Duties TO FURNISH EACH OF HIS EMPLOYEES WORKING CONDITIONS THAT ARE FREE PROM RECOGNIZED SAFETY AND HEALTH HAZARDS. TO COMPLY WITH SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS PROMULGATED UNDER THE ACT. SmpLoqee9s Dulles TO COMPLY WITH AS WELL AS ANY CONNECTED WITH SUBJECT TO. SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS , OTHER RULES AND REGULATIONS OSHA, THAT HE MIGHT BE K-2 S*L OOOG2Cd81 COMPLIANCE, SAFETY and HEALTH OFFICER HIS OFFICIAL TITLE K-U SAL Q0002Cd83 O.SLHA's Notice MUST Be Posted/ Safetu and KeoLltk protection on the j0b z. SAL 000020884 k-6 SAL QCOC20dp5