Document np223Yx70oE52ZELKKNLda2Zz

2f 7 AROCLORS tf/iiftiwif'Pio/ti'dw.i mid tfiMveb/sd rdjtJdicatwiiA AIrJJCATJO,N DATA HUJJCTIN No. |-1ir> Monsanto Chemicals . <4_______ MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY MQNS 075066 FOREWORD The Aroclors*, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated |w>ly-phcny!s, possess unique properties which enable the fulfillment of requirements not met hy other materials. This has won a prominent place for Aroclors, particularly, ill the electrical insulating field and in such widely differing applications as non-flammable hydraulic media, hightemperature and high-pressure lubricants, heat-transfer and expansion media, scaling compounds, adhesives and protective coatings, including plastics, pigments, lacquers, paints and varnishes. This liooklct dcscrilics the properties of thirteen Aroclors, each of which is representative of a series. For almost every Aroclor described there is a dark-colored grade of other wise approximately the same physical and chemical char acteristics. These darker products are less pure but lower in price. The Aroclors arc efficient and very economical, both when used alone to accomplish results not attainable by other materials and when used as extenders to enhance the properties of other products. They arc produced exclusively by Monsanto Chemical Company. *Rcfti*trrcd in (7. S. I'airtil Office. MCNS 035067 INDEX Page No. GKN1.1IA1. PKOPKltTlliS..................................3 Genera) niyoicil Properties of Some of the Aroclors..............................................4-5 Kfnintaiicr of Structural Materials to Aroclors ......................................................6 Adhesiveness...................................................... 7 Sjiecific Volume..................................................7 Average Coefficient* of Kxpansiou, Aroelor 1248..................................................7 Corrosion.............................................................. 7 Density.................................................................. 9 Kleclrical Properties..........................................9 Non-drying Properties......................................9 Nonflammability..................................................9 Solubility.............................................................. 9 SperMie Heat and Thermal Conductivity . 9 Klcctrical Projiertics......................................... 9 1'ticrmal Conductivity of Aruclur 1248 . . 10 Stability.............................................................10 Toward Alkalies............................................ 10 Toward Acids................................................10 Toward llcat................................................ 10 Toward Oxidation........................................10 Surface Tension................................................ 10 Titermoplaaticily................................................ 10 Vaporisation l.o*a............................................ 13 VajMr Pressures................................................ 13 APPLICATION OP AltOCLOHS....................15 Adliesives............................................................ 15 Klertricai Kquipment........................................ 15 Kxpansion Medium............................................15 Page No. Hydraulic Medium........................................... 15 Power Transmission................................... 15 Hydraulic Pressure Medium....................... 15 Liquid Heating Medium........................... 16 Lubrication....................................................... 17 Air Compressors........................................... 17 Cutting Oils................................................... 17 High Temperature....................................... 17 Kxtrcmc Pressure........................................17 Submerged Lubrication............................... 18 Caskets and Packing Materials....................... IH Dermatology and Toxicology........................... 19 Suggested Uses for Arorlors in Plastics, Pig ments, Lacquers, Paints, Varnishes and Waxes........................................................... 20 Compatibility with Various Materials . . 20 Ktliyl Cellulose........................................... 20 Graphic Aria............................................... 20 Impregnation............................................... 21 Moisture Proofing....................................... 21 Pigment....................................................... 21 Paints and Varnishes...................................21 Rubber and Rubber Substitutes .... 22 Modified Ruhltcr Vinisbcs...........................22 Vinyl Resine...................................................22 Nitrocellulose Coaling*...............................23 Waxes............................................................... 23 Diagrams Showing Practical Composi tion of Lacquers Using Aroclors 1254 and 1262 ........................................ 24 25- 26 Other Literature on Aroclor Application*.......................................27 2 HQHS 075068 General Properties The Aroclors range in form and appearance and Aroclor 5460 is insoluble in the lower from mobile oily liquids to fmc white crys molecular weight alcohols. Aroclor 4465 is tal* and hard transparent resin*. They arc only partly soluble in the lower alcohols. non-oxidir.ing, permanently thermoplastic, of low volatility and non-corrosive to metals. They arc not hydrolyaedhy water, alkalies or acids. The viscous liquids and the resins will not support combustion when healed alone. The excellent electrical properties, fire resistance and inertness of the Aroclors make them useful in many applications. The properties imparled by the Aroclors and their usefulness for particular applica The crystalline Aroclors arc relatively insol tions vary in regular gradients over the uble, hut the liquid and resinous products series so that the selection of the right are soluble in most of the common organic Aroclor for a specific use can generally he solvents, thinner* and oil*. All Aroclors arc made simply by a comparison of the physi insoluble in water, glycerine or the glycols. cal properties of the several Aroclors. 3 MQNS 075069 TABU GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Fo**...................................................................... Comhi-APJIA..................................................... Aroci/mi 1221 Colorless mobile oil 50 Mas. Anocixm 1232 Aroclor 1242 Anroi.on 1248 ('radically l'ractically Yellow tinted colorless mobile colorless mobile mobile oil oil oil 60 Max. 100 Max. 100 Max. Ano<;m)h 1251 l.ight yellow viscous oil 150 Ma*. AciMTV- -Maximum (Mgm. K011 per Gm.).. 0.01 r> 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 AvKNACH (]oKKm:iKNT OK Kxkansion......................................... cc./cc/C Dknritv-- Sprdfir Gravity 25725"C (77777'F).......... Pounds per Gallon--25C (77F).................. 0.00071 (15-40"C) 1.177 to 1.187 9.82 0.00073 (25-100"C) 1.262 to 1.272 10.51 0.00008 (25-65C) 1.378 to 1.388 11.50 0.00070 (25-65C) 1.447 to 1.457 12.08 0.00066 (25"-65C) 1.538 to 1.548 12.83 Oimi.MTfON H*rgk-"ASTM J>*20 (Mod.) Gar. "C............................................................. 275- 320* Kkaponation IjCww--%--ASTM I>-6 Mod. 1*C........................................................5 lira. -- 100*0........................................................6 lire. 1.0 to 1.5 290-325 -- 1.0 to 1.5 325-360 3.0 to 3.6 0.0 to 0.4 340-375* 3.0 to 4.0 0.0 to 0.3 365- 390 1.1 In 1.3 0.0 to 0.2 Flash Point-Cleveland Open Cwp........... C ur-150* "F 286"-302" Firk Point--Cleveland Open Cup..............C 176 549 1*011* Foliar-ASTM ))-97...........................C F SoKTKNiNC Point--ASTM K-28.................. C Crystals at rC Crystals at 34F ~ F - Hkpimctivk Inokx-1>-Iin--20"C.................. 1.617-1.618 Viscosity'-Snylwlt Universal 210F (98.9C) Srr. (ASTM-D-8B) ,30.r (54,rc) 100K (37.8C) 30 31 35-37 40 42 152"-154" 305~310" 238" 460* -35.5 -32 -- 1.620 1.622 31-32 39-41 47-50 176-180 348-356 None* 193-196" 3 79-384 None -19" 2 -- 1.627 1.629 34-33 49-56 80 93 -7 19.4 1.030 1.631 36-37 69 78-/' 185-240 None None 10 50 -- 1.039 1.011 41 18 200 310 J800 2500 *NONK iitilii'Jilr* "No firr |mmi1 up to Imiling 1cm|Kriliirr". 4 MONS 075070 I OP SOME OF THE AROCLORS Ahociar 1260 Uclit yellow oil Micky renin 150 Max. Ahocloh 1262 lJglit yellow sticky dear renin 150 Max. 0.015 0.02 Arocix>r 1268 Pale yellow opaque brittle renin 1.5 Max. Aroclor 1270 Aroclor 4465 White crys Yellow trans talline powder parent brittle resin 1.5 Max. 2.0 Max. Aroclor 5442 Yellow trans parent sticky renin 1.5 Max. Aroclor 5460 Yellow trann* parent resin 2.0 Max. Aroclor 2565 llrown-black opaque resin 0.05 0.175 0.05 0.05 0.07 1.4 0.00067 (20*- 100*C) 0.00064 (25-65*C) 1.6IR to 1.629 1.646 to 1.653 13.50 13.72 0.00067 (20*~)00C) 0.00067 (20-100*C) 0.00061 (25-65C) 0.00123 (25*-99*C) 0.00179 (25*-124C) 1.804 to 1.811 1.944 to 1.960 1.712 to 1.723 1.432 to 1.447 1.740 to 1.745 15.13 16.24 14.28 11.96 14.50 0 00066 (25*-65C) 1.724 to 1.740 14.41 3H5- 420 0.5 to 0.8 0.0 to 0.1 400-430" 0.5 to 0.6 0.0 to 0.1 Nowc None None None 31* BR* -- 1.617 1.619 72 78 3200 4500 37* 99* - 1.6501-1.6517 90 103 600 850 (IMI*K nr 71*C) 435-450 0.1 to 0.2 0.0 to 0.06 450-460 0.0 to 0.1 0.0 to 0.02 230-320 215-300 280-335 at 4 mm. llg. at 4 mm. llg. at 5 min. llg. 0.2 to 0.3 0.0 to 0.02 0.2 0.01 0.03 1.5 to 1.7 (at :e-S bra.) 0.2 to 0.3 -- None None - 135* to 160* (hold pt.) 275* to 320* (hold pt.) -- - -- None None - 249* to 300* (hold pt.) 561* to 572* (hold pt.) -- -- None None 60* to 66* 140 to 151 1.664-1.667 90-150 (2M*F or 1S0*C) -- 247 477* None >350* >662 None 46 115* 45 to 50 113 to 122. 100 to 105.5 212 to 222 -- 300 400 -- 1.660-1.665 -- None None __ 66 to 72* 149to 162 - s MCNS 075071 TABLE it-- Resistance of Structural Maferiols to Aroclors Mrtab 12441 25*G 12.VC Alttfiiimim.................................................... (inpprr.......................................................... MagncHiiim................................................................... Nirk el............................................................................ Silver.................................................................................. Tin..................................................................................... /.iw.................................................................................... Mild Steel..................................................................... I'lmajdior Kroner............................................................. Hctl llraaa.......................................................................... Slninlrw* Slnrl.............................................................. Yellow lira**................................................. Ml 11H 11 11 II IIH II 1) 1111 I'huMica Alkyd llrnin No. 40.VM12........................................... Alkyd limn No, 4(>r>OM3A........................................ Crlhihmr Acetate (Filwalna).............................. Dnritr I'henol Furfural IIcmm .... ............................ I'Vmvar Highly HlnMieir.nl...................................... I'Wmvnr low 1`laNlirir.rd........................................... *1* *1) *11 He I'S i27.................................................................... ii Glyptal 7136.................................................................... !> Mulrir llraht No. 46391 *1311.................................... 1' Maleic llrnitt No. 40W1I3C........................................ I* l'lrxiglaa (Melltvl Methacrylate)............................... *1) I'olyatymir (l.nnlroii II)............................................... V IIchIiioi Mineral Filled Melamine Heniti................... *l> Heahinx WmhI l-'lour Filled Melamine llrain . . *1) llrainox Mineral Filled Phenol Formaldehyde.... *l> llrainox *ood Hour Filled I'hro.d Formaldehyde *D llrainox Hag Filled Itiemd Formaldehyde............... *1) IWa Formaldehyde limn (1'taaknn Go.)................. *1) HII II1) H 11 11 II 11 K 1) D 1IK HHe I* I* II 1* I' '1' T r T 1* 1* 1* T *1* 1* I) 1* l> I' Ahimi.om Nomiikm 12M 2.VC )2r>'C H it II i) II it It mi HH II 11 II K lilt lilt II K II I) IIII lilt U Dl l' I* I> I* r I'S i I) i *11 T r r H i) i* vT it It ii 1) n l> i) H i) *D i) 1* 4lfr* 12.V( Hit I) Kit Kit 1( II K II It It KK He 1* r I* I) T T I* T I' I* It II I) *1) I* iz.vc KK l> It It It K It KK ItK It I). It It lie I' ' I* I' T I 1 I* I* I* II Meaning of Abbreviation*: llaaad on weight gnin calculated aa penetration value ahnwn. lilt F.acellenl reeiatanre laa than 1.0 x 10* cm/day penetratioo or .00014 in/yr. It Good reaietaoee haa penetratioo l>etweii 1.0 x 10 * and 10 x 10 '* cm/day or between 0.00014 aod 0.001 I in yr. 1) Doubtful rraiatancr, penetration between 10 x 10'* cm/day and 100 x 10 * cm/day or between 0.001 I and 0.014 in/yr. I' Poor rrMatance penetration greater titan 100 x 10 * cm/day or 0.014 in/yr. I'S Poor reaiatanee dnr to viaildr local action although weight change indicate* greater rcaintanre. e -Following the letter indieathig reaiatanre ergnifiee materia) may he better than indicated if totally imntrracd aiitee weight loaa ia believed to come front oxidation of the part of teat-atrip ex|K>aed to air. T- Material alone will not otand temperature. 6 HONS 075012 ADHESIVENESS The Aroclor resin* ahderc strongly to smooth surfaces, such a* glatm, metal ann varnished or lacquered cooling*. Tlir softer Arorlor* are indicated where a flexible, noii'drying, water-resistant strongly adhesive ma terial ia required. The Aroclor adhesives are thermoplastic; arc renalily applied hot without solvent; do not require high temperature* for easy application, and are ael immediately upon cooling. SPECIFIC VOLUME The A|>ertfie volume of Aroclor 124# at different temperatures ia as follows: Teiuji. *K Aroclor 1248 S|wifir Volume, nil/gm "0 0.674 100 0.699 200 0.726 300 0.755 400 0.790 500 0.828 600 0.870 FIG. 1 AVERAGE COEFFICIENTS OF EXPANSION, AROCLOR 1248 The average coefficient of expansion of Aroclor 124# per degree K. within the various tcmjteralurc ranges indicated in the table below were deter mined by using the simple formula Vl = Yt1 |l-fa (t -- ')J. rl he coeflieient, , ha* been calcu lated at 100F increment*, a* follow*; Tcimj*. Hange F 0 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 300 300 to 400 400 to 500 500 to 600 Average dorflirient of F,K|>aneion w/ce/ F 0.00037 0.00039 0.00010 0.00046 o.ooom 0.00051 CORROSION The Aroclor* show practical!) no corrosive effect on metal* within normal range* of tem|eralure. They do attack many plastic* material* of runstruetion a* shown in Table II. M0NS 075073 FIG. 2 DIELECTRIC CONSTANT @ 1000 CYCLES DENSITY All the Arorlor8 arc heavier than water, a valuable projierly for many applications. Densities arc hnwn in Figure 1. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Thr Aroelors have extremely interesting electri cal characteristics: high resistivity ami dielectric strength am) low power factor. The dielectric con stant ranges from 3.4 In 5.0 at 100C.and 1000 ryrlcn, depending ii|mh> thr particular Aroelor. The dielectric constants of Aroelors 1242 and 1251 at various temperatures are shown graphically in Figure 2. The electrical properties of the Aroelors arc show n in Table 3. NON-DRYING PROPERTIES 'Hie Aroelors are non-drying, and when they arc exjKTsed to the air, even in thin films, no noticeaide oxidation or hardening takes place. How ever. when used as ingredients of lacquers, they do not retard tlie rale of drying of the lacquer films. Quick drying varnishes and paints may be made with Aroelor reams. NONFLAMMABILITY The viscous Aroelor oils and the resins do not supjmrt combustion when heated alone, nni at their Imiling points temperatures l>ovr 350(2 Most of the Aroelors flux readily with resinous and pitch-likc materials to give a product hav ing a decreased fire hazard. When incorporated in nitrocellulose films and rubber foams tlie Aroelors retard the rate of burning. SOLUBILITY All Aroelors are insoluble in water. Solubilities of some of the Aroelors in the more rominim sub stances are shown in Table VI. The Aroelor oils and resins arc readily soluble in most of the common organic solvents and drying oils. The hard crystalline materials are in general less soluble than the Aroelor oils or softer resins. Compatibility data on Aroelors in nitrocellulose lacquers are shown oil page 18. SPECIFIC HEAT AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY llie specific heat at different temperatures of several of the Aroelors is shown in Figure 3. This, together with the thermal conductivity data given in Table JV, enable calculations involved in the use of Aroelors as high-temperature, low pressure, fluid heat-transfer media. TABLE lit--Electrical Properties Dirlrctric C-onstNiit st I.(MH) Cycles (!) Aroelor w2. : II*C V(oHluimme 500 VrHmoehsaaist1ti1)v.0Cit0y.C(2, ) Diclertrir Strength (3) 1232 1242 1218 1251 h1260 12 8 5112 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.0 4.3 2.5 3.0 4.6 1.0 4.6 4.3 3.7 ... 4.0 AAAAbbbboooovvvveeee x500 10* x5011 10* x500 10* SOOx 10* Above x500 10'' GGGCrrrreeecaauatttleecerrrr tttthhhhaaaannnn 33335555KKKKYVVV 5151 2.7 4.2 5160 2.5 3.7 1165 2.7 3.3 (1) (21 (3) (1) AAAASSSSTTTTMMMM IDIDMM-.2IM554<70M-MUI77tiTT PowkkerCF(w;a. clict,oofr>o(1) <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% 9 MCNS 075075 & y n *fte 'c .. Calc i3* f t r ,500 O tO 40 to 60 SOO ftO Tcmp'C TABLE IV Thormol Conductivity of Aroclor 1248 Temper. aturc 'V Thermal Conducl'ivJt y Density JITU/llr./Sq. Ft./ F/Kt. 30 90 1.441 0.0613 ' 60 140 1.411 0.0698 100 212 1.370 0.0800 Viscosity Ssybolt Uoiv. Sec. 360 60 36 STABILITY Toword Alkalies The Aroclor* are remarkably resistant to the action of either hydrolysing agents or high tem perature. They are not affected by boiling with sodium hydroxide solution. Toward Adds Experiment* were made to determine whether hydrogen chloride is evolved during the treat ment of Aroclor* with sulfuric acid. Aroclor 1254 (selected as typical) was stirred with an equal vol ume of ten per cent sulfuric acid for a period of 150 hours. Any gases escaping from the reaction flask had to pass through a trap filled with silver nitrate solution, which solution would give a prr. cipilate of silver chloride if any MCI came in mn. tart with it. After ISO hours of treatment, neither the trap solution nor the acid layer in the treat ing flask showed anv hydrogen chloride present. Even prolonged treatment (2/>f hours) with concentratcd sulfuric arid indicated only a slight trace (too small for quantitative measurement) of hydrogen chloride in the acid layer. Toward Heat Because of their stability to heal, the Aroclors are useful heat-transfer media. Arorlor 1251 ami particularly the less viscous Arorlor 1248 are recommended for this purpose because they may be heated at temperatures up to 315C (600*F) in a closed system for long periods without appreciable decomposition and are at the Mine time nonflammable. Toward Oxidation When Aroclors are subjected to a homh test at I I0( ; with 250 pounds oxygen per square inch oxygen, there is no evidence of oxidation as judged |>\ development of acidity or formation of sludge. SURFACE TENSION The surface tension of Arorlor 1251 in dyne* jnr centimeter is as follows: Temperature 25C 80C ioo(; Surface reunion 50.3 41.0 42.0 THERMOPLASTICITY The Aroclor* arc permanently thermoplastic. They apparently undergo no condensation or harden ing upon related melting and cooling. The clear Aroclor resins arc now being produced with soft ening points up to 105C. The opaque crystalline solids arc produced with initial melting points up to approximately 290C. 10 HONS 0J50T6 TABLE VI -Solubility of Aroclort in 100 Milliliters of Various Solvents Arorlor T^|*r of Solvent 25'C llot 25C 1270 4465 Cold ilol Colt) ilol Arctic Arid........................... . . S S ItriiKoir Arid........................ . 10.0J,'<; s s -- -- -- 10.0 SS s s vs Aldrliydr 40% Formahlrhydc............ . Furfural................................ . I vs vs .I vs vs 1 ss vIs AMti.tr Aniline................................... . s Pyridine................................ .132.5 s 440 **< -- ss 114 425 vs vs vs vs ObWo-- derivative Amyl chktridr. -- mixed.... (IttrlNttt Ttlrwltloridc........... ('.hktrofonn............................. Dirblorelhylenc..................... Kthyletie 1 ftrliUtriric............. Mtiirlilitr<iirttifcri>rt.............. Ih-tlmflirltlnrobciiM'iie.......... Triraelilwrciliane................... TriHiIttrrllmne....................... Triehlnrelhylrne.................... S S S -- S S -- 5 S S s ss sS s s Ss s s s s s s s s s s ss 8s p vs vvss vvss vs vvss vvss vvss vvss vs vs vvss vvss Drying Oil 'lime ................................. J .itieerd Oil............................. ** S s s s s ss vvss vvss blvr Amyl Arrtate......................... llntyl Acetate......................... Crllttaolvr Acetate................. (.ollotwrrti (Kl....................... Diluityl Plilbalate................. INelliyl Pblbalale................. Kilty I Acetate........................ Klltyl Lactate............... KlliylntP Glynol Diaretate.. Methyl Acetate..................... Trirrrayl I'huKiiliiilr.............. Kilter: Kilty I Kilter.................. S S S S S S 5 S S $ S S ss s s s s s ss s s s ss ss ss s s s s ss vvss vvss vss ss s vs vss vvss vs vvss vvss s ss s Klhrr Aleobnl Carhtlol...................................224 ' Oliueoler................................ S Plrthylritc Glycul................. - I hltydro.y Kilty) Klltrr 10.9 ,V( vs vs ss ss 259 *' s ss s s IlydrorarlKtn Jlriiaciir...................................... S Gaatiliiic................................... VS Kernaettr................................. VS Mineral Siririle....................... VS Paraflin. ............................... 2.0"*< pitte Oil....................................... S Toluene................................... VS TiiritrnliHC.............................. VS Xylnir..................................... VS VS vs vs vs s s vs vs vs vs vs vvss vvss vs vs 2.0vs s vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vvss s ss vs vs vs vs vvss vs vvss vs < s5.0 vs vs vs vvss ss vs vvss vvss Hydroxy -- derivalitae _ Amyl Alcohol............................. S n-Hutyl Alcoltol......................... S Klhyl AlwJiol (3-A)................23.3 **,`- Glycrrittf..................................... I Methyl Alcohol....................... 42.5 llirttol- - 90%.......................... 194***'i s s 80.0 ** 88.5 S s s lO*TM 15ss s s ss ss 1 ss Krlotir Acetone....................................... S M iarellanmiia Carlton Diaulftde....................... S Nilroltciirene.............................. S Water......................................... I ' IttMiltiltle S- - Soluble ss I SS -- Slightly Soluble ss ss 11 VS -- Very Soluble Figure. .Imw gram, of Ar'oclor |ter 100 milliliter, of tolvent at 25X uitloaa oiherwiae Indicated. vs Vi vs - II 11 M0NS 075077 HONS 075078 -VAPOR PRESSURE m m MERCURY 12 FIG. 5 VAPORIZATION LOSS Thr low vaporization Iihw of Aroclors in indicated in the following Table VII. It in concluded that llte valorization rates of Aroclors---capeeially 1254 and 1200 which arc the most widely used members of the Aroclor family in tlte plasticiser field, compare most favorably with the similar constants of other plasticizers selected specifically for these tests bceaiise of their low valorization rates. VAPOR PRESSURES The vapor pressures of several Aroclors are itnli* rated in Figure 4 over the temperature range, 150 to 300C. The following estimated vapor pressures of several Aroclors at 100F shown in Table VIII were determined by extrapolation from the values shown in Figure 4. 13 SONS 075079 SHMpIr Ann1 lor 1221......................................... Arorior 1232........ .......................... Arorior 1242......................................... Arorior 1248......................................... Clorflfio-42-S........................................ FIcxoMK)!* (iliorlyl phllialalc). . . . Dtitrrx 25............................................. Arorior 1254......................................... Dulrri 20............................................. Arorior 1262........................................ Arorior 1250......................................... Arorior 4455......................................... Arorior 1270......................................... Arorior 5442......................................... Arorior 5460......................................... Trirrcxyl pliofljiluitr............................ TABIC VII Vaporization Rates Wl. l<OM (* mu. 0.5125 . 0.2572 . 0.0995 0.0448 . 0.0745 . 0.0685 . 0.0256 . 0.0156 . 0.0047 . 0.0039 . 0.0026 . 0.0064 . 0.0045 . 0.0039 . 0.0032 0.0010 UrniiM hxi>Nur* 24 24 24 24 48 48 24 24 24 24 24 72 72 72 72 21 Siirfner Arco (.m* 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 Vapori/.ftimM Hair O.OOI74 0.000874 0.000338 0.000152 0.000126 0.000117 0.000087 0.000053 0.000016 0.000013 0.00000*) 0.000007 0.000005 0.000004 o.oooooi 0.000003 TABLE Wff Approximate Vapor Presturot Calculated al 100 F (37.8 C) Arorior 1232............... .............. 0.005 Arorior 1242............... .............. 0.001 Arorior 1248............... .............. 0.00037 Arorior 1254............... ............ 0.00006 mm. "p- nun. upmm. Upmm. lip- 14 MO NS 075080 APPLICATIONS ADHESIVES Litptid ami resinous Aroclors arr noled commer cially in the adhesive* field for their usefulness in preparing synthetic adhesive* ami as additive* in protective coatings to improve adhesion. This quality of the Aroclor* is related to their plasti cizing aetion on the plastic* materials commonly ward in adhesives ami coatings. Interesting example* are the use of Aroclors in adhesives and coatings based on polystyrene, vinyl polymers, ctbylceHulosc, chlorinated rnhlier and other plastics materials, usually polymers. Aroclor adhesives are theriiioplsstir and can he prrparrd either with or without solvents. Hot* melt Aroelor adhesives do not require high tern* jteraturr* few easy application and arc act immedi ately cooling. Aroclors strongly resist attack hy water, acids, alkalies, and other common corrosive influences as well as organisms. Hy proper selection of ntstcrials, adhesives utilising Aroclors can lie made to |>oaaras outstanding resistance against all of these destructive inflonurs. The most widely used Aroclors in the adhesives field are 1251, 1260, 4165 and 5460. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT Heeause of their nonflammability, high resistivity and dielectric strength and low jwiwcr factor, the liquid and resinous Aroclors arc extremely useful materinlH for the electrics) industry. Aroclors are used to impregnate capacitors or condensers and transformers. Since the liquid Aroclors will ahsorh sufficient moist ure from the atmosphere to impair the electrical characteristics, it is customary to treat Aroclor inlended for this application Ircforr use witli a dehydrating clay. An effective product for this purpose is Attaptrlgna clay 80/300 mesh drird for 4 hours at 400C. and used at the rate of 0.125% hased on the weight of Aroclor, followed hy filtration. Treatment is imjwoved if the Aroclor is heated to 80-85C. Another important use of Aroclors in the electrical field is the use of Aroclors 1260, 4465 and 5460 in wire or cable coalings and as impregnants for cotton and asbestos braided insulation. Aroclor 5460 is useful as an impregnant for rarlmn radio resistors to reduce, the influence of moisture. EXPANSION MEDIUM Because of their stability under variations in temperature and freedom from gum formation from oxidation, the Aroclors are useful as expand ing media in bellows controls and in thermostats. HYDRAULIC MEDIUM Power Transmission The Aroclors are superior hydraulic media for power transmission. Because of their greater den sity and E. I*, characteristics they approach more closely the theoretical transmission values for mechanical power as illustrated in Figure 6. This greater efficiency makes possible a reduction in the size of the hydraulic coupling design. In order to meet extremely low-temperature weather conditions, it is necessary to adjust the freezing point of the Aroclor selected by the addi tion of a pour point depressant. Suitable adjust ments can be made in the composition to reach a pour point of minus 65F. The steepness of the viscosity-temperature curve of the Aroclors is a handicap to the application of Aroclors to many types of fluid transmission. This curve can be flattened to a marked degree by introduction of a viscosity-index corrector. Hy proper choice of viscosity modifiers and jrour point depressants, the viscosity-temperature curve can be made to coincide with any standard hydro carbon oil viscosity curve. Information will be gladly furnished. Hydraulic Pressure Medium Use of 1),T. Light Oil (mineral base) or other flammable oils as hydraulic media in thr opera I ion of pressureized systems in the vicinity of open flames or metallic surfaces heated to elevated temperatures has resulted in substantial pnqrerty damage and also serious burns including loss of 15 SONS 0750*1 life result of fire. Zinc and aluminum alloy die'Casting machines and hydraulic mechanisms used to operate doors and other equipment around industrial furnaces are excellent examples of o|eralton* where it is prudent to use a nonrurn. hnslihlc hydraulic medium for safety reasons. Some of these systems operate under pressures as high as 2000 pounds per square inch. When a line ruptures under these conditions, the hydrualic medium is emitted in the form of a spray or a fine miel over a wide area. Such a mist presents un usual requirements with reference to the non combustible qualities of the hydraulic medium. For aafety under these conditions, it is essential that the oil must have a relatively high oxygen requirement in order not to support combustion when impinged on a hot metal surface or when in contact with fire. Ability to fulfill this requirement is not adequately reflected merely by the factors that an oil does not possess a flash point, and a fire jwint in conjunction with a high spontaneous Ignition tenq>eralure. Spray flammability to a large degree seems to lie a arparate consideration. Testa conducted by the Navy indicated (hat high boiling liquids requiring more than apj>roximatc]y 45 percent oxygen in the s|ray flammability tests failed to cause a fire In the incendiary firing tests also conducted by the Navy. The percent of oxygen requirement for Arorlor 124# combustion in the spray flammability limit study was established at 64 percent. This result firmly establishes the nonflammable and nuncomhuslihlc qualities of Aroclor 1248 and in this rcs|crt strongly recommends Aroclor 1248 as an unusually safe hydraulic medium. Other desirable qualities of Aroclor 1248 for this specific use arc its extremely high order of stability under heating and pressure, lubricating qualities, noncorrosivcncss, moisture resistance and relative froedoin from odor. Aroclor 1248 is used commercially in centralised sine ami aluminum die casting systems. Such installation* may involve operation with as much as 2000 gallons of Aroclor 1248 distributed to alMMit 15 dir-casting machines. Under proper 0|erating conditions the Aroclor make-up in the ayaleni is very low. Normal operating temjtera- tures of the hydrualic medium may be in the range of 70 to 120F. Centralised systems utilise piston-type pumps and an accumulator is used for smooth operation. In some instances, Aroclor 1248 is used in combi nation with a high lubricity oil in the proportions of 20 gallons of Aroclor and not more than one gallon of the oil. The hydraulic medium is kept dean and free of suspended particles hy passage through a centrifugal or hy filtering it through a properly prepared bed of Atlapulgus earth. Aroclor 1248 is also used in individual or unit die casting systems usually equipped with vane-tvj>c pump*. Frequently these individual die-casting machines have built-in filters. However, if the machine is not already provided with a filter, either a portable or permanent filter should be provided in order to keep the hydraulic medium clean. FIG. 6 -----------,----------- ,---------- 1----------- 1----------- 1---- PeerofMAMce & A*oclo*/*4z 4v A MrotAuuc Coupling fte GASOLIN N ZOO 400 400 GOO ZT/vo/iwe S^eeo /OOO Liquid Heating Medium Aroclors 1242, 1248 and 1254 are used as a circulating heating medium with great success. Good circulation and a well designed healing sys tem arc necessary to prevent local overheating of the Aroclor heating medium. Aroclor 1248 is rcc- 16 HONS 075082 omtnended for universal use up to 315C (6009K) because of its fluidity at low temperatures and its nonflammability. In processes where a cooling cycle must also be introduced, provision can he easily made for shunt ing circulating Aroclor through a water cooled heat exchanger, thus employing one medium for hoth Iteatiug and cooling. In special cases, Aroclors 1242 and 1254 can be substituted for the Aroclor 1248. If extremely low outside temperatures are encountered, the less vis cous Aroclor 1242 can be used, but it has the disad vantage of being flammable above 330C (626*F). Higher temperatures up to 325C (617F) can be attained in the heating medium if Aroclor 1254 is used. Provision can easily be made for warm ing the Aroclor after a shut-down so that it oan Ite [NimfN'd. Design for a simple, effective liquid Aroclor IJest ing system for small unit Derations is available and described in Monsanto Technics! bulletin No. 1M30. LUBRICATION Air Compressors The presence of oil, oil vapors or mixtures of oxygen and oil fractions in the discharge lines and receivers of air rom|>ressors presents a constant har.ard which needs only a particle of hot carbon to create a serious explosion. This problem has Itccn solved by engineers of one Urge user of this type equipment by employing Aroclor 1234 as the internal lubricant for high com|>ression air compressors. Their exjterience with more than 13 high-pressure compressors of various types is rejmrted in the American Machinists Magardne, Scptnnlter 26, 1944. This use of Aroclnrs is described in Monsanto Technical bul letin No. P-128. Cutting Oils Aroclors are used commercially in high quality cutting oils of the ''straight" oil and "soluble" oil types. High Tumptrafurt The heat-resisting, nonflammable characteristics of the Aroclors make them attractive as lubricants under conditions of high temperature, as, for ex ample, in governor systems of central power sta tions. Aroclor 1248 is well suited to this application. Straight Aroclor 1254 gave excellent results on a roller bearing test operating at 255-260*F with much less carbonisation or decomposition than the usual spindle oil under the same conditions. Extreme Pressure It is a well accepted hypothesis in the lubrication industry that by the addition of certain elements such as chlorine, sulfur and others in the proper form to a lubricating oil, a certain chemical com bination lakes place with the iron or steel metal bearing surfaces. These surface compositions tend to prevent seixure of the rubbing surfaces under extreme loads and under which loads, if the sole lubricant were a pure mineral oil, seisure or scor ing would result at once through film failure. Aa an extreme pressure (E. P.) lubricant base added to * petroleum hydrocarbon oil in amounts up to approximately 15% by weight, Aroclors 1248 and 1254 materially increase the load-carry ing properties without reducing the viscosity of the resulting composition. These Aroclors repre sent one of the more adequate carriers for the element chlorine as an extreme pressure base, possessing the following advantages: 1. Stability. They are stable, even at higher temperatures, which permits neither separation of components nor appreciable change in physical or chemical properties during long periods of operation and should not cause continued chem ical action on metal parts except the particular chemical metal surface combination which is nec essary to effect high load-carrying capacities. 2. Non-volatile. Many other types of chlorine bearing compounds are so volatile as to render them unfit for long periods of service because of the escape of the elements front the lubricant. The Aroclors are non-volatile at normal temperature*. 17 "CMS c 75063 3. Non-offirftting. Aroclora do not oxidize or thicken up to an objectionable degree. 4. Non-corrosive. Aroclors are non-corrosive toward metal surfaces. 5. Non-abrastt*c. Aroclora exert no abrasion on the machined surfaces. 6. Non-hydrolytit. Aroclor* do not hydrolyse in the presence of water, thus avoiding the genera* tion of hydrochloric acid. 7. Compatibility. Aroclors are completely inisciIde with mineral oils. 8. Color. Aroclora do not darken or change the color of the lubricating oil. Submerged lubrication Under conditions of lubrication subjected to expo* ure to water displacement such, for example, as lubrication of bridge rollers, a hcavier-thanwater lubricant can be prepared from mixtures of Aruclor and oil, of which the following are typical examples: -%ly wi.-Mix Aroclor No. Oil* 12441 Pour Point Gravity 1 1 S.fv0 i 50 50 0T 1.1263 2 25 75 + S1'' 1.2703 Jlright Stork: Gravity API 22*23 Approx. IU./K.I. 9.4 10.6 Viscosity 210 F--160 Saybolt Secs. Color A8TM--7-8 Mash Point--545F Pour Point--15*F GASKETS AND PACKING MATERIALS Particularly in the use of Arorlors at elevated tcm|cralnrcs, as encountered in Aroclor heat* transfer installations, and to a lesser extent in the use of Arorlors as hydraulic media careful selec* tion of gasket and packing materials is required. Hot Arorlors plasticise and swell "rubber" materials including llycar P, Koroseal, Perbunan and Neoprene. Although materials of this type arc used as gaskets in certain Aroclor installa tions, careful consideration must lie given them in light of exacted o|*erating condition to assure that satisfactory performance will he obtained. Thiokol is not attacked hy Aroclor* at ordinary tcm]*craturcs but cannot be recommended for use with Aroclors at elevated temfreratures. This is apparent from the following temperature ranges indicating the maximum temperature beyond which various types of Thiokol are not stable: Thiokol Type A..............150 to 200V. max. Thiokol '1)1*0 FA........... 150 to 200F. max. Thiokol Type ST........... 250 to 300J\ max. Hcsistoflcx, polyvinyl alcohol, resists attack by Aroclora hut since this |Hlymcr is soluble in water, its consideration for practical use involves drastic limitations where water or moisture must be considered. Silastic (Dow Coming's Silicone 1B(!) is remark ably resistant to deterioration from contact with hot Aroclors and is suggested for gaskets, 'lire following change in physical properties were noted when Silastic was immcrsrd in Aroclor for sevent) hours si 150C. ]. Hardness was lowered shout 20 points. 2. Klastirity was improved several points. 3. Practically no change in tensile strength. 4. An appreciable increase in the ultimate elongation. Teflon (duPonl's poly tetra fluoroetlivlene) is not attacked hy hot Aroclor (130C.) and is to lie recommended as a gasket material. So far attempts to make Teflon diaphragms for valves have not been very successful in some eases Iwcanse the Teflon seems to lack the desired flexibility. It is indicated that leather gaskets and leather packing compositions are satisfactory for use with Aroclors. Frequently, thin sheets of aluminum are used satisfactorily as gaskets at flanged joints. Garlock Packing Company's No. 7021, inch asl*estos fiber sheet is used at the flange eoimretions in several of Monsanto's Aroclor heatexchange units. Garloek's braided No. 117 packing is used in the valves and Garloek's No. 231 ma terial is used fur packing the Aroclor pum|ts. Also, Durametallie Corporation's Type U-7 1 Inn Mastic is used as packing for Aroclor pumps. It is also understood that Garlock No. 13] and Chevron No. 7050-C materials are satisfactory as 18 HONS 075084 packing. Likewise Dnramctallic's Spiral Asbestos Kilter may be used. Doubtless, Johns-Manvillc him) others have comparable packing material* which would hr Mutable. The following materials arc being used satisfac torily a* |Mjtp thread compounds in Aroclor units: 1. Plastic l,cad Seal, Dnrainetallic (Corporation. 2. Ordinary white lead. 3. (ilyptal No. 2, Kcnrral Klee trie Company. DERMATOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY Skin pateli teal* witli a (ndyvinvlchlondc free film plasticised with 11.5 percent by weight of Aroclor 1251 (almut 25 jw*r cent baaed on the weight of thr vinyl resin) anil a similar amount of dioctyl phlhalate allowed that tliia film was not a pri* mary irritant or a scnshir.cr, Abo. akin patch teat* on Aroclor 1251 alone applied to ganxe and placed in contact with the akin allowed no primary irritancy or sensitization. Ollier akin pateh teala using canvas coated with Aroclor 51(d) and an oil modified alkyd resin, in anch a manner that the Arm'lor conccntratimi in the paint film on the fabric was about 17 percent by weight of paint aolida and the finished coated fabric contained approximately seven (HTcent by weight of Aroclor 51(d) showed that this painted fabric did not produce primary irritancy or wiisilixation of thr skin. If Aroclors are spilled on thr akin, the skin should hr washed in the usual manner with soap solu tions. If accidental burns occur from contact with hot Aroclora, the burn should be treated the same as any ordinary burn. Aroclor adhering to the burned area need not be removed iinmediatelv unless treatment of thr hum demands it. in which ease use soap and water or rejiealrd washings with a vegetable oil. At ordinary tcm|>rralurra Amclnrs have not pre sented industrial toxicological problems. If Aroclors are used at elevated tempera I urea such as 200nr 500 C. in open systems, methods must l>e designed lo exhaust any vapors arising from these 0|mui systems. This applies c*|erially to lower chlorinated Aroclors where experimental work on animals indicates that llie maximum safe concentration of vapors in workrooms is in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 milligrams |7cr etihic meter of air. In the ease of more highly chlorinated Aroclor* such as Aroclor 12611, the allowable limit is alamt 10 milligrams per cubic meter of air and aermdingly, Aroclors of this ty pe arc believed to la* of a much lower order of toxicity. Where Aroclor vapors may In* encountered in workrooms, local exhaust ventilation together with general workroom exhaust is recommended. 19 SONS 075085 SUGGESTED USES FOR AROCLORS In PLASTICS, PIGMENTS, LACQUERS, PAINTS, VARNISHES and WAXES The Aroclors arc compatible with moat of the common plastic* material* (see compatibility table on Ilian page). Tltc degree of flexibility imparted by the Aroclors diminishes progressively in the order of liquid Aroelor-- soft resin -- hard resin. The hardness of the resulting compositions increases in the same order. Usually a satisfactory balance between flexibility and hardness can be obtained either by selecting the Aroelor of proper physical characteristics or by using a mixture of two or more Aroclors. Compatibility With Various Materials _ Asphalt........................................................... C Henry) Cellulose........................................... C Cnrnauba Wax.............................................. C Cellulose Acetate............................. ............ 1 Cellulose Accto Butyrate............................ O Chlorinated Hubltcr..................................... C Comnarone and Indene Botins.................. C Dammar Kesin............................................. C Fatcr Gum..................................................... C Kthyl Cellulose............................................. C Manila Gum................................................. I Nitrocellulose................................................ C l'araflin.......................................................... C I'hrnotic Hrsins..............................................Varies.* Polystyrene Kearns....................................... C Polyim*llutylene.......................................... C Kosin.............................................................. C Kolthcr........................................................... C Sulfur............................................................. C Slyrcnr-Huladicnc C'o-|Mlymcrs............... C Vinyl Keains................................................. C C - Indicates compatibility to a degree sufficient to Ik* of value. ] - Indicate* incompatibility. * Not compatible in final stage. ETHYL CELLULOSE The Aroclors arc very compatible with ethyl eel* htlose, the liquids imparling great flexibility and the resinous products great hardness. 75 parts by weight of Aroelor 1242 with 100 parts of ethyl cellulose produces great flexibility and just a slight tackiness. Aroelor 5460 in the same propor tion produces a very hard ami somewhat brittle conqmsilion. Aroelor 4165 produces hard films which are not brittle at ordinary tcm|cralirc. For coatings of high gloss and exceptional wrath* criitg qualities to he applied to rigid surfaces, compositions containing equal parts by weight of Aroelor 5460 and ethyl cellulose arc suggested. If greater flexibility is required, one of the softer Aroclors should he used, either alone or as a replacement for pari of the Aroelor 5160 and the proportion of Aroelor should he decreased. A typical formula is as follows: Ktfiy) Cellulose................................................ Aroelor 1260............................................. Toluene..................................................... Butanol..................................................... 15% i% 56% 14% GRAPHIC ARTS 100% The Aroclors are used as vehicles for carry ing pigments employed in glass decoration. When the decorations have hern applied and the glass i fired, the Aroclors volatilize without carboniza tion and thus avoid discoloration of the glass. Aroclors 1254 and 4165 are used. Aroelor 4465 is a useful resin for compounding rotogravure inks. 20 SONS 075086 A mimeograph ink suitable for liar on bond paper eonlaina the following ingredients: Aroclor 4165.............................................. 40% buhrirafing Oil (SUV 1200 @100*F). . 35% I'araflin Oil (SUV 76 @ I00*K)............ 20% Carbon Mack........................................... 4% Oil Soluble Dye........................................ ]% Arorlor 4465 may also be used in the preparation of imitation gold leaf. A thin coating of the Arorlor is applied hot to one side of paper. While it is still hot* bronze powder is spread upon the coating. The bronzr |>owHcr adheres to the Aroclor completely covering the paper. This product is used in making the "gold leaf' letters on books, etc. The pajtcr treated with Aroclor and bronze powder is placed upon the book binding. A hot die is pressed upon it. The Aroclor softens and sticks the bronze to the binding and forms a coat ing over it to |>ri>lcet it from tarnishing. IMPREGNATION Thr Aroclors may he used to impregnate cloth* paper, wood or asbestos in order to import mois ture and gas resistance, adhesion, insulating prop erties, alkali nr other chemical resistance* flame resistance, or luhrirating qualities. For this type of work they arc used in combinations with other materials such as waves, inorganic pigments, asphalt, tars, aluminum stearate, sulphur, etc., hi ordrr to obtain exactly the physical character istics desired for the specific purpose. Aroclors 1254, 4465 and 5460, or the corresponding dark* colored products, are suggested as moat applicable. Wood imjircgnatod by vacuum-pressure method with the following mixture: Aroclor 4465........................................ 70% Microcrystalline Wax........................ 20% Sulfur ................................................ 10% is definitely tougher, harder and more moisture resistant than untreated wood. This coating is very resistant to acids and alkalies but will he attacked by aromatic, aliphatic or chlorinated hydrocarlmns. The surface is not appreeiahly dis colored and can Ik* pointed. Various degrees of hardness and adhesion ran be obtained by vary ing the Aroclor: wax: sulfur ratio. MOISTURE PROOFING For use as moisture proof coatings on wood, paper, concrete and brick, the Aroclors are best com bined with waxes, es)>erial]y paraffin or carnauha, oils such as mineral oil or drying oils, and syn thetic resins including modified alkyds, phrnolics, chlorinated rubber, polystyrene, styrcnc-butadicne co-polyincrs, ethyleelhilose, cellulose irrln butyrate, benzyl cellulose or vinyl resins. Selec tion of materials for use in combination with Aroclors will depend on the end nsc requirements of the sjtccific application. The simplest compositions contain only Aroclor and paraffin. A moisture proofing compound com posed of 96% (by weight) of Aroclor 5460 and 4% of paraffin (melting point SIX) has an ASTM soft ening point of aliout 82 C and is very efficient. Substituting Aroclor 4465 for Aroclor 5460 pro duces a compound with a softening point of alMHit 58C. Softening point and viscosity when melted may bo further decreased by using mixtures of Aroclors. For example, a com|>osition containing 40% of Aroclor 1260, 56% of Aroclor 5460 and 4% of paraffin will be very soft at ordinary temperatures. Increased proportions of paraffin will also pro duce softer compounds. PIGMENT Aroclor 1270 is a hard, white crystalline product of high melting point, insoluble in most solvents, resistant to chemicals and to oxidation. When ground to a fine powder it makes an excellent organic pigment for use with the various plasties. It may he used alone or with conventional pigments. PAINTS AND VARNISHES The Aroclors are soluble in paint and varnish oils and impart properties corresponding to the phys ical character of the particular Aroclor. The hard resinous Aroclors tend to give increased hardness to the films while the viscous resins impart flexibility. 21 MCNS 075087 Hie Arociors do not react chemically with oils, hence there it no advantage in heating together in making a varnish. They arc best added as a "chill bark" or as a cold cut in the thinning operation. As far as incorporation of the Arociors is con* cerncd, the only reason for heating is to make the Arociors liquid so that they can he readily mixed with the oils. Aroclm-n 4465 and 5460 will produce paints that are very quick drying and yet have excellent durability. Tlc weight of Aroelor used should be from 30% to 50% of the weight of the oils. Aroelor ]2(>0 is lest for short oil varnishes that re required at the same time to be flexible. The Aroelor may l*c considered to play the same role as oil* will) the difference that it docs not oxidise and l>w ita flexibility on exposure. Hcsina of tire alkyd. phenolic or ester gum type, or a harder Aroelor such as 5460, may be used in making varnish formulations. It is suggested that for two parts hy weight of oil, one part of Aroelor 1260 and one part of other resin be used. These pro* portions ran Iks varied as required. The Arociors impart water and alkali resistance and in these qualities enhance the value of the other resins used in the varnish. Arociors are excellent grinding and disjwsing media for pigments used in paints and varnishes. Aroelor 1254 is nwd to disperse aluminum powder in a paste form which can In* ineorjmrated easily into paints and varnishes. The Aroelor imparts excellent leafing qualities, brightness or luster and does not tarnish the ahimimun pigment on aging. Moreover, the rninjKwnlion does not supjmrt com* host ion. peratore being below the melting point of the Aroelor, the latter is dispersed through the mass of rubber and acts as an efficient flame reducer. This same procedure can be used with synthetic rubbers to impart fireproofness. From 5% to 25% of Aroelor 1270 based on the weight of the resin is required. Aroelor 1262 is recommended ss a plasticizer for crepe rubber resin in paint compositions. Used in concentrations of 5% to 50%, based on the weight of the rubber resin, it increases the gloss and alkali resistance of the film and increases its ad* hesivenesa toward steel. Aroelor 1268 used at a level of about three pounds per 200 pounds of Neoprene has excellent working qualities as a plasticizer at 225*325F. in injec tion moldings. MODIFIED RUBBER FINISHES Chlorinated rubber (Parlon) ami copolymers of styrene-butadiene (Pliolite S5) are used widely as protective and decorative coatings for eoneretr and masonry structures, steel structures, railway lank and gondola ears, wood and metal maritime equipment. Aroelor 1254 is used as a plasticizer and Aroelor 5460 is used as a resin fortifier in lltese coatings which arc used where flame resistance, corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, i.c., resistance to acids, alkalies and water and good elrrtriral insu lating properties are required. The use of Arociors in making these protective coatings is described in Monsanto Technical lhil(ctin No. F-124, "Arociors as Used in Chlorinated Rubber", and Monsanto Technical Rolletin No. 1**126, "Arociors as Used in Pliolite S-5". RUBBER AND RUBBER SUBSTITUTES 'Die liquid Arociors, 1221, 1252, 1242 and 1248 have a strong plasticising action on ruhlter, hoth natural and synthetic. Arociors 1254 and 1260 are milled into rubier in order to impart perma* nenl tackiness and adhesion. A small amount of Aroelor 1260 added to hard rubber acta as a plasticiser and reduces the brittleness. Aroelor 1270, being a hard crystalline material of high melting point, can he ground to a powder and then milled into rubber. The milling tern* VINYL RESINS The Arociors are compatible with all the viml resins and are used mainly as eo-plasticizcrs with trieresyl phosphate, dioely! phtbalate, dihuttl phthalate and other plasticizers for vinyls to im part good plasticizing action, chemical and corro sion resistance and excellent electrical projwrlics at a substantial reduction in cost. This use of Arociors is described in Monsanto Technical RuMctin No. 1**131, "Arociors as () Plasticizers for Polyvinylchloride" and Technical Bulletin No. P-134, "Aroelor 1251 Co-Plasticizcr with 1X)I* for Vinyl Organosols and Pastes." 22 SOSS 0750as Aroclor plasticizer* arc very attractive for use with dinclyl phthalalr in preparing organosols, plastimiIh or pastes of vinyl plastic* need for making free films, textile coatings ami coatings for |>aprr. In many of these applications the fire-resistant qunlilv of Aroelors is important. Also, the Aroclors serve ns excellent media for grinding and dispers ing the pigments used. It is interesting to note that the vaporization rates of Aroelors, especially Aroclors 1254 and 1260 which arc the most widely used member* of the Aroclor family in the vinyl plasticizer field, com pare most favorably with the similar constants of other commonly used vinyl plasticisers. (See. Tahic VII, Page M.) It is also im|Hrlant to note that a free film made up of jmly-vinylchhwide containing 11.5 percent hy weight of Aroclor 125-1 and a similar amount of dioclvl plithalate along with standard white pig ments was found free from irritating or sensitising the skin in accordance with commonly used akin patch tests. Moreover, similar studies made with Aroclnr I2.VI alone indicate that this plasticizer is neither a skin irritant nor sensitizer. While this indicates safety in using Aroclor 1254, the use of the plasticizer is not suggested for such items as hahy pants or other items that are intimately in ronlact with the skin. Another excellent use for Aroclor* in vinyl plasties is in I lie preparation of adliesives. The Aroelors impart outstanding adhesive qualities and give good resistance against water aud corrosive infltiemTS. Moreover, the Aroelors arc resistant against organism attack and when used in com bination with other projwrly selected ingredients, vinyl adhesives can be prepared which strongly resist attack hy organisms. NITROCELLULOSE COATINGS Thr Aroelors function U>th as plasticizers and resins and may lie. used alone with the introcellulose or in combinations with other plasti cizers or resins. They imparl weather resistance, luster, adhesion ami decreased burning rate. Their excellent electrical characteristic* (high dielectric strength aud resistivity and low power factor) and their projicrly of retarding I lie passage of moisture amt gases through nitrocellulose, chlorinated rub ber, and other similar plasties films make the Aroclor* of S|icrial value in coatings for electrical insulating materials. The accompanying trilinear diagram* show the radical compatibility limit* of Aroelors 1254 and 262 when used in conjunction with some other resins and plasticizers. Aroclor 1260 gives values almost the same a* those shown for 1262. The less viseou* Aroelors have grcairr ami the more res inous Aroclor* less compatibility than for those shown. (See trilinear diagram* that follow.) To illustrate the difference* possible to obtain by changes in formulation, three formula* are given below. AH have excellent durability hut the third is much softer and more flexible than the other two. Only the solids content* arc given. The amounts tabulated arc part* hy weight. Aroclor Lacquers No. 1 ^second Nitrocellulose (dry) 100 Dammar resin........................ 80 Ester Cum.............................. -- Aroclor 1260.............................. 20-39 Dibulyl Phthalatc................. 20- 0 Tricrcsyl Phosphate.............. -- No. 2 100 -- 80 20 20 -- No. 3 loo' -- -- 80-70 -- 39-70 No. 1 and No. 2 have excellent sanding and polishing qualities. No. 3 * very flexible Inti too soft for sanding. Where extremely high flexibility i* desired, a* for example in lacquers for high tension automotive cables, the following composition i* suggested: 15 -- 20 sec. H. S. Nitrocellulose........................ 100 parts by weight Tricrceyi Phosphate............. 120 parts by weight Aroclor 1242.......................... 80 parts hy weight WAXES The use of ArorlorR to extend or substitute (larnauha Wax and reduce the cost of the wax formu lation i* descrilied in llullctin No. P-132. This bulletin gives several practical formula* using Aroelors in wax blends ]Hs*rHKing the qualities of Carnanha Wax for automobile, wood, trnlhcr and linoleum polishes. Selected Aroelors such a* 5160 nsrd in conjunction with varion* waxes make excellent impregnating eom|>ounds for furniture drawers, etc., to pro cut sticking. Kcsinous Aroclors used in combination with waxes make excellent and inexpensive sealers for concrete and masonry surfaces, wood, fiber board and pajMT products. 23 SONS 0 75069 DIAGRAMS SHOWING PRACTICAL COMPOSITION OF LACQUERS USING AROCLORS 1254 AND 1262 In the trilincar diagrams the compositions, represented by any point in the unshaded areas, arc those which produce homogeneous lacquer films. On the other hand compositions represented by points in the shaded areas produce impractical, segregated, brittle or soft films. For detailed information as to the derivation and use of these diagrams reference is made to the following articles: Jenkins & Foster, "Compatibility Relationship* of the Aroclors in Nitrocdhilosc lacquers," In). Eng. Chem. 93, 1362 (1931). Hofmann A Reid, "Craphical Methods in I^aequer Technology," Ind. Eng. Chem. 90, 431 (1928); "Formulation of Nitrocellulose Isequm," Ind. Eng. Chem. 90, 687 (1928). 24 HONS 075090 ,W.'l L t'Jki.iVi.J*;*./.g---fa. 1 Practical Campatltiaa I Lacqaar* niag Araclar* 1254 aad 1242 -- (c*ntlav4) *Aronlor 1860 may br inlwtJtwled wllhmit malerial chan|*. 25 MGNS 075091 Practical Compailtlan ( Lacqaari vela* Aradors 1254 aid 1262 -- (c*nlv44) For nmiliiniliwM wWre the Aiw.lar repio it Aroc-kir 1262* am) wlirre itte nlailidirr ia Piltutyl llithalate. A*oeio* w For oomlnnatlona whrre Uie Arocliir rtwin in Aroolor 1262* and where ike plantiriw* in Tricreiyl HraiplMte. 26 HONS 075092 Other Literature on Arocior Applications Monsanto Technics! Bulletin P-115 THE AROCLORS Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-124 AROCLORS AS USED IN CHLORINATED RUBBER Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-126 AUOCIXJHS AS USED IN PLIOUTK S-5 Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-128 AROCLOK - INCOMBUSTIBLE LUBRICANTS USED IN HIGHPRESSURE COMPRESSORS Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-130 AN INDIRECT HEATER FOR UNIT CONTROL OPERATIONS Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-131 . AROCLORS AS CO-PLASTICIZERS FOR POLYVINYLCHLORIDE Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-132 AROCLORS AS USED TO EXTEND OK SUBSTITUTE CAKNAUBA WAX Monsanto Technical Bulletin P-134 AROCLOK 1254 CO-PLAST1C1ZER WITH DOE FOR VINYL OHGANOSOIS AND PASTES PGB 10-41-71 27 PRINTED IN U. 6. A. AOAIS 075093 The information contained in this booklet ha* been obtained from sources which we believe to be reliable and dependable, bul we cannot guarantee the correctness of the same or be responsible for any loss or damage that results from the use of such information. MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY ST. LOUIS, MO. pistrict tans offices HfW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON BIRMINGHAM CHARIOTTE CINCINNATI CLEVELAND OCTROI! FHH.ADEIFHIA 10$ ANGItCS SAN FRANCISCO MONTREAL HONS 075094