Document nmqkovZxBy5mR93VvjZ63KQqw

(Jjjuiv-tdMs/'. cL(&udl^ ^ CanTox Inc. Comultinto in Toutofacy lliahh ud Environmental Sciences 2233 Aifontto load, Suite 300. Mmu|i, Ontario. Canada. UN 2X7. TEL (MS) 542-2M0, FAX: (MS) 542-1011 _ ^ UJ ^ asS9 Comments Regarding the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Document Entitled "Substance-Specific Applied Research Program Priority Data Needs for Vinyl Chloride" (September, 1992) Prepared By Earle R. Nestmann, PhJ). and Jonathan M. Daniels; Ph.D. CanTox Inc. for the Chemical Manufacturers Association Vinyl Chloride Panel for Dterbudoo by CMA CHEMSTAR DIVISION F: 3m___H- ------------------------------ ftaNri.,Vr.f?r i ow-iiiffla---- December 22, 1993 Vancouver Calgary Mississauga e Halifax VRi) 000 703 9481 SUMMARY A report was published by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) which outlined a number of areas in which the agency felt that there were gaps in the available scientific database relating to the compound vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) (ATSDR, 1992). The Chemical Manufacturers Association does not agree with many points in the ATSDR report and is providing these comments in response. Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is one of the most intensely studied chemicals in use today. The scientific literature contains a wealth of data describing both the short- and the long-term health effects of exposure to this chemical in humans and in a number of species of experimental animals. As such, the potential hazards associated with VCM are well known, yet ATSDR has called for further testing in its report, even though such information would not contribute any significant new information to the toxicological database on VCM. The report prepared by ATSDR does not adequately acknowledge that the potential risk to humans of a chemical is a factor of both its hazard potential and the level of exposure. A chemical, regardless of its-toxicological potential to affect the health of individuals in the vicinity of hazardous waste site, cannot pose a health hazard if there is no or negligible exposure. It is the level of potential exposure to VCM in the vicinity of hazardous waste sites that should be the focus of any future data gathering, and not items such as additional nondinical testing, epidemiological studies, development of methods to mitigate toxicity, or the creation of a registry of exposed persons around such sites. Furthermore, it is not evident from the ATSDR document that there is recognition that VCM that may be present at waste sites is not the result of disposed of VCM itself or even discarded polyvinyl chloride materials, but rather is the result of degradation of commonly used solvents. Any attempts at reducing the potential risks associated with living near a hazardous waste site should be addressed through better waste disposal practices. 1 5 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) released a document Entitled "Substance-Specific Applied Research Program Priority Data Needs for Vinyl Chloride" (ATSDR, 1992). The focus of this document was exposure from hazardous waste sites, vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is one of the most intensely studies chemicals in use today, with the potential risks of this chemical well known, yet the ATSDR document does not accurately reflea this. The Chemical Manufacturers Association herein provides its comments regarding points made in the ATSDR document in order to clarify the issues. 2.0 SPECIFIC COMMENTS - DATA NEEDS In order to respond to the ATSDR report regarding data needs, we have used the ATSDR framework for the sake of organization of these comments. 2.1 Exposure to VCM 2.1.1 Exposure Levels - Environmental Media The purpose of Section m.A.l.c.i in the ATSDR report was to determine if adequate data on the levels of VCM in ambient and contaminated environments are available for the purposes of conducting meaningful follow-up exposure and health studies. The document provides a series of numbers describing concentrations of VCM detected in air and water media. It does not, however, provide the reader with a sense of what these values actually mean with respect to potential risks, and then concludes that there is a need for such data in environmental media at hazardous waste sites. There is a considerable amount of data available concerning VCM concentrations in environmental media around PVC production facilities, and also concentrations of VCM in the indoor work environment at these facilities. In the work place, the data that are available are an excellent source of information with respect to determining the effects of VCM on humans 2 7*3 C3 where the exposure to VCM has been documented. This, in turn, allows a more controlled way of determining potential risk to humans, as the exposure has been accurately defined. Such a situation does not exist with respect to hazardous waste sites, as there would be no indication of exposure to the multitude of other compounds that would confound any follow-up epidemiological studies or analyses. Given the fact that the potential risk from VCM around hazardous waste sites is dependent upon the level of exposure, it is worth reviewing the available data from industrial exposure for the purpose of putting relevant exposure into perspective. 2.1.1.1 VCM in Workplace Air Concentrations of VCM in the workplace prior to the 1960s were greater than 100 ppm and decreased to values less than 100 ppm between the 1960s and mid-1970s, then decreased again to an upper limit of 5 ppm [8 hour, time-weighted-average (TWA)] by 1975 (Doll, 1988; ACGIH, 1991). The current OSHA workplace standard in the United States is 1 ppm (8 hour TWA) with a 5 ppm short-term exposure limit (STEL) (29 CFR 1910.1017). In 1988, the concentrations of VCM (8 hour TWA based on individual personnel monitoring) in the work environment ranged from approximately <0.25 to 10.5 mg/m3 (<0.1 to 4.1 ppm) in four PVC resin production facilities in the United States. Reactor operators, loading personnel and laboratory technicians showed the greatest potential exposures for 8 hour exposures. TWA air concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 11 mg/m3 (0.2 to 4.1 ppm); these air concentrations had decreased to 0.5 to 2 mg/m3 (0.2 to 0.77 ppm) in 1992. In 1990, one facility reported 8 hour TWA concentrations in air for instrument technicians and process operators of 35 and 26.5 mg/m3 (13.5 and 10.3 ppm), respectively. By 1992 (January to September data only), the work-place concentrations in these facilities had decreased to a range of approximately <0.25 to 2 mg/m3 (<0.1 to 0.8 ppm). These data represent the greatest concentrations of VCM in air reported for these four facilities over the five year period 1988 through 1992 (Vinyl Institute, personal communication). Localized releases of VCM to the natural environment can 3 m 6 M < 000 u h occur around production and manufacturing facilities; therefore, the concentrations of VCM are highest near such facilities. 2.1.1.2 VCM in Environmental Emissions from Production Facilities Decreases in concentrations of VCM in the work environment discussed above would also be indicative of corresponding decreases in environmental releases from production/manufacturing facilities. VCM has been measured in air around suspected "hot spots" (i.e., in areas near production and manufacturing facilities) in the United States. Prior to the implementation of VCM emission regulations in 1978, the average air concentrations of VCM at production facilities in the United States was 0.04 mg/m3 (0.017 ppm) (IARC, 1979). In Houston, Texas, where large quantities of VCM are produced, air concentrations ranged from 0.008 mg/m3 (0.003 ppm) to peak values of 3.2 mg/m3 (1.2 ppm) (Gordon and Meeks, 1977). In Long Beach, California, ambient air concentrations of VCM near two VCM plants ranged from 0.3 to 8.8 mg/m3 (0.1 to 3.4 ppm) (National Held Investigations Center, 1974). However, within approximately one kilometer of VCM production/manufacturing facilities, reported air concentrations of VCM ranged from approximately 0.03 to 0.1 mg/m3 (0.01 to 0.04 ppm) (EPA, 1975b; Baxter et al.f 1977). More recent information based on sampling near production/manufacturing facilities since standards for the work environment were reduced to about 13 mg/m3 (5 ppm) in 1975, showed that air concentrations of VCM were near the analytical detection limit (about 0.013 mg/m3 or 0.005 ppm) in three out of five British plants. For two other facilities, the VCM air concentrations were approximately 0.05 mg/m3 (0.02 ppm) at a location 100 m outside the facility boundary, and 0.2 mg/m3 (0.09 ppm) just inside the boundary fence (Turner et al., 1984). 2.1.13 Risk from VCM in Workplace Air The best available epidemiological data regarding exposure to VCM were critically reviewed by Sir Richard Doll (Doll, 1988). This review clearly illustrated the current understanding that the potential risk associated with VCM is a factor of the level of exposure, with there being no significant risk to humans below certain levels. Tbe review, which incorporated well- 4 VRD 000703^485 documented Levels of exposure of humans to VCM had two major conclusions: (i) Apart from liver cancer, VCM/PVC workers exposed between the 1940s/1950s and mid-1970s did not have unusual hazards of accident or disease, and (ii) workers exposed to VCM concentrations of "several hundred parts per million or more" clearly showed an increased risk of contracting angiosarcoma of the liver, normally an extremely rare disease (annual incidence of 1 to 2 x 10*7 in the general population; Byren and Holmberg, 1975). Doll (1988) concluded that it was "difficult to decide whether vinyl chloride produces a risk of developing cancer other than angiosarcoma of the liver which might be small compared to the risks produced by nonoccupational causes, at sites other than the liver" (Doll, 1988). He also concluded that there was no evidence to support the association between exposure to VCM and any other digestive tract cancer. Doll's review did not support a significant association between VCM exposure and the risk of brain cancer when the combined data from four major epidemiological studies were analyzed (Doll, 1988). An apparent excess risk of brain cancer among VCM workers in the United States, reported in a study conducted by Wong et al. (1991), was subsequently attributed to chance or diagnostic bias by the authors (Wong and Whorton, 1993). With respect to the association of exposure to VCM and lung cancer, Doll (1988) concluded that a small hazard may have existed when occupational exposures to VCM were extreme, but that the study data did not conclusively demonstrate this risk and that the increased risk would in any case be negligible at the current small exposures to VCM. 2.1.1.4 Risk from Environmental Emissions of VCM in Air In his review, Doll concluded that the minute exposures that would result from emissions escaping from VCM facilities must cause comparably minute risks to the general public. The concentrations of VCM measured near VCM/PVC production/manufacturing facilities are in the order of 0.01 to 0.04 ppm (EPA, 1975b; Baxter et al., 1977), or some 10,000-fold less than the "several hundred parts per million or more " exposures that resulted in measurable occupational hazards. Therefore, an increased risk of cancer to the general public could not possibly be detected, with the possible exception of an increased risk of angiosarcoma of the liver. Any inference that angiosarcoma incidence in the general population is related to VCM exposure, 5 VRD 0002039486 however, could be misleading because angiosarcoma may also be caused by thorium dioxide and arsenic in pesticides and by certain medicines (Doll, 1988). Doll (1988) also concluded that there may have been a minute hazard to the general public from the VCM concentrations historically observed around manufacturing facilities. However, the concentrations of VCM around production facilities has decreased substantially since the 1970s. VCM air concentrations within a few hundred meters of VCM areas were below analytical detection limits (< 0.005 ppm) for three of rive facilities in the United Kingdom, and the concentrations for the other two facilities were about 0.02 ppm (100 m outside the boundary fence), and 0.09 ppm (just inside the boundary fence). However, accidents and production start ups were associated with higher concentrations (Turner et al., 1984). Based on this evidence, Doll (1988) concluded that "according to any reasonable criterion, the hazard to the general public (if there is any at all) must be negligible." 2.1.1.5 VCM in Water Vinyl chloride also has been measured in both groundwater and drinking water in the United States. The greatest concentration of VCM measured in drinking water was 0.01 mg/L near a production facility (Safe Drinking Water Committee, 1977; 1ARC, 1979). Vinyl chloride monomer has also been reported in groundwater in the United States. Measurable levels in California wells averaged 0.02 mg/L and were as high as 0.023 mg/L (Kizer, 1986). In the Los Angeles area, groundwater contained less than 0.001 mg/L of VCM (Baird et al., 1983), while in non-speciried areas of Nebraska and California groundwater concentrations ranged from 0.75 to 0.023 mg/L (Goodenkauf and Atkinson, 1986; CSDHS, 1990). As described in the preceding sections, there are good data available from which to predict potential risks of individuals from VCM. In the opinion of the Chemical Manufacturers Association, the ATSDR appears to not be utilizing the exposure-response data of VCM that already are available for humans. 6 VRf) 0007039487 2.1.2 Exposure Levels - Humans Section m.A.l.c.ii of the ATSDR report states that there is a lack of data regarding levels of vinyl chloride in body tissues or fluids. ATSDR considers these data important for conducting meaningful follow-up exposure and health studies with individuals exposed to VCM and points out there is no validated biomarker of VCM exposure currently available from which to use for the purposes of dosimetry. The development of the database as described is considered by the Chemical Manufacturers Association to be unnecessary and would appear to be a waste of resources. ATSDR is correct in its view that thiodiglycolic acid, a major metabolite of VCM, is of limited value for the monitoring of VCM exposure due to confounding factors such as variable metabolism between individuals, influences of disease states, and the fact that this metabolite is not unique to VCM exposure. There is currently work going on that involves biomaxkers of exposure (Ciroussel et al.t 1990; Swenberg ex a/., 1992), although it is not yet at the stage where it is a reliable predictor of quantitative exposure. Any type of methodology that ATSDR puts forward to monitor human exposure to VCM must be specific and it must be quantitative. There is no mention in the document that ATSDR acknowledges the work that is currently being undertaken in this area. In addition, ATSDR considers that modeling cannot reliably predict levels of VCM in human tissues for the purposes of further studies, yet it does not give an explanation for this statement. As indicated in the report, there is currently an effort underway at ATSDR to examine data from 245 National Priorities List (NPL) sites at which VCM has been found. This database, when completed, will include the concentrations in on-site and off-site media, the sizes of the potentially exposed populations, and an indication of relevant exposure routes. From these concentrations determined by ATSDR, it would be possible to predict potential exposure to VCM and assess the risk, if any, to persons nearby without the need to (a) develop and validate methods for quantifying exposure and (b) actually apply these methods to untold numbers of individuals living within predetermined distances from hazardous waste sites, as is alluded to by ATSDR. 7 vrd l i o e m m 8 As discussed above, the current epidemiological information that was critically reviewed by Doll (1988) has indicated clearly that for individuals living around production facilities, where VCM concentrations in ambient air have ranged from approximately 0.005 to 0.09 ppm since the introduction of standards, the hazard is negligible. Such a conclusion is based upon well documented exposure in industrial workers, where concomitant exposure to other agents/chemicals have been addressed in a way not possible in the recommendation of ATSDR. 2J2 Registry of Exposed Persons The ATSDR document states that a registry of individuals exposed to VCM in the environment would provide an important reference tool to aid in assessing long-term health consequences of such exposure (Section ID.2.a). In the opinion of the Chemical Manufacturers Association, it is believed that no significant information would be gleaned regarding the human health effects of VCM, from the setting up of such a registry, that is not already available from the numerous epidemiological reports available that have been based upon occupational exposure to this chemical (see review by Doll, 1988). Such data regarding occupational exposure to VCM also has the advantage that concomitant exposure to other chemicals is fninimirerf when compared to exposure via a hazardous waste site, where it may not be possible or economically feasible to analyze the various media for all possible chemicals that could influence the health of humans in areas adjacent to hazardous waste sites. To open a registry, as ATSDR is recommending, would be prohibitively time-consuming and expensive, and, in the opinion of the Chemical Manufacturers Association, would not provide any significant new information. It would have to take into account and pay considerable attention to case histories, the long-term exposure history, and confounding factors such as smoking. Interestingly, VCM has itself been found in tobacco smoke (Hoffmann et al., 1976). Even if establishment of a registry was undertaken, the fact that it would be impossible to quantitatively document the past exposure to VCM from hazardous waste sites and to consider all the possible confounding factors would make this information of little practical use. As indicated previously, even in the case of industrial workers exposed, for all practical purposes to pure VCM, there are levels of exposure that have been found to have no significant 8 VRD 0 00 2 0 39 489 effects upon the health of the individuals (Doll, 1988). Only angiosarcoma of the liver has been definitively linked to VCM exposure, except possibly for a possible risk of lung cancer when exposure has been large (Doll, 1988). Based upon these data, even if ATSDR were able to solicit the cooperation of all the people potentially exposed to VCM from living near hazardous waste sites, and had unlimited access to funding, no new information would be generated regarding the potential hazards of VCM. Also, it should be noted that when considering the potential risk of VCM, the production, use, and transportation of VCM provide the more critical areas for monitoring of exposure as compared to disposal sites. 23 Toxicity of VCM 2.3.1 Acute Exposure In Section m.B. 1 .a of the ATSDR report, it is stated that acute duration nonclinical studies are a priority data need in order to identify target organs and levels of exposure which present a significant risk to human health following acute exposure. It is unclear what the relevance of conducting such a study(ies) would be, considering that exposure to VCM at or near a waste disposal site would be expected to be long-term at low concentrations. The effects of longer term exposure in laboratory animals has been previously reviewed by ATSDR in its toxicological profiles on VCM (ATSDR, 1989; ATSDR, 1993). It is typical for acute exposure studies to essentially measure lethality in the test animal, while it seems to be the intent of ATSDR to obtain data regarding more subtle endpoints and no-effect doses for effects that are characteristically obtained from longer term investigations. The Chemical Manufacturers Association cannot see what new or additional data, generated as a result of this proposed data need, would add to what is currently available in the literature. 2.3.2 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Animal and human studies with VCM do not indicate effects upon reproduction and/or development, effects suggested in the ATSDR report (Sections m.B.l.e and f). This lack of 9 m 6 E 0 0 0 8 UHA potential effects of VCM on human offspring was the focus of a 1987 report prepared by the Vinyl Institute and included with these comments as Appendix A (Vinyl Institute, 1987). The ATSDR seems to have incorrectly confused the effects of maternal toxicity at high doses of VCM with reproductive and/or developmental effects in its report. This is particularly evident in ATSDR's review of the studies reported by John et al. (1977; 1981), where groups of pregnant rats, mice and rabbits were exposed via inhalation to VCM at concentrations of 0, SO, 500 or 2,500 ppm for seven hours per day during the critical period of organogenesis. Although the high levels of VCM caused maternal toxicity, there was no significant embryonal or fetal toxicity observed nor were there any teratogenic effects produced in the offspring. 2.4 Biomarkers Biotnarkers, in effect, relate directly to other areas discussed in the ATSDR report and in these comments; namely the monitoring of exposure to VCM and the creation of a registry of exposed persons. These items would require sensitive and specific methods ofquantitatively documenting exposure to VCM. Such a biomarker would essentially provide dosimetry data for a particular individual, although the use of such data in comparisons to potential risks would have to be exhaustively validated in order for them to be of any potential use. The Chemical Manufacturers Association believes that information related to adducts formed by the interaction between industrial chemicals and macromolecules is important with respect to exposure and the assessment of risk, and currently supports work in this area for a number of compounds. There is a considerable amount of work presently being conducted with VCM related to adduct formation, adduct stability, and the effects of these upon specific genes (Jacobsen and Huraayun, 1989; Ciioussel et al. 1990; Swenberg et al., 1992). As such, the Chemical Manufacturers Association feels that the development of suitable biotnaikers for VCM exposure and for subsequent risk assessment is currently being addressed. 2.5 Clinical Methods of Mitigating Toxicity These comments on clinical methods made by ATSDR (Section m.B.2.d) do not provide meaningful guidance as they could be taken to mean everything from the development of early 10 VRD 0002839491 diagnostic methods to finding a cure for angiosarcoma of the liver. Essentially, toxicity due to VCM could be reduced or eliminated altogether through reduction in exposure. Such results have been clearly demonstrated for industrial exposure (see comment 2.1.1). The reduction or elimination of exposure of individuals to VCM near NPL sites is a factor of better waste management practices and monitoring by federal authorities. 3.0 REFERENCES 29 CFR 1910. United States Code of Federal Regulations. Title 29 Part 1910. ACGIH. 1991. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices, 1991-1992. ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH 45211-4438. ATSDR. 1993. Toxicological profile for vinyl chloride. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, In Press. ATSDR. 1989. Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Chloride. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, August 1989 (TP-88/25). ATSDR. 1992. Substance-Specific Applied Research Program Priority Data Needs for Vinyl Chloride. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, September, 1992. Baird, R., Gute, J., Jacks, C., Jenkins, R., Neisess, L., Scheybeler, B., van Sluis, R. and Yanko, W. 1983. Health Effects of Water Reuse: A combination of Toxicological and Chemical Methods for Assessment. Iq: Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Baxter, P.J., Anthony, P.P., MacSween, N.M. and Scheuer, P.J. 1977. Angiosarcoma of the liver in Great Britain. Br Med J 1:919-921. 11 -e Byren, D. and Holmberg, B. 1975. Two possible cases of angiosarcoma of the liver in a group of Swedish vinyl chloride workers. Ann, NY. Acad Sci 246:249-250. CSDHS. 1990. Organic Chemical Contamination of Small Public Water Systems in California. Small Water System AB 1803 Final Status Report. California State Department of Health Services (CSDHS), Office of Drinking Water. Ciroussel, F., Baibin, A., Eberle, G., and Baitsch, H. 1990. Investigations on the relationship between DNA ethenobase adduct levels in several organs of vinyl chloride-exposed rats and cancer susceptibility. Biocbem Pharmacol 39:1109-1113. Doll, R. 1988. Effects of exposure to vinyl chloride. ScandJ Work Environ Health 14:61-78. Elinder, C.G. and Pershagen, G. 1981. Pilot Study Concerning the Mortality in Njurunda Community. Swedish Nature Conservancy Board, 1978. EPA. 1975. Standard Support Document and Environmental Impact Statement: Emission Standard for Vinyl Chloride. (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Goodenkauf, O. and Atkinson, J.C. 1986. Occurrence of volatile organic chemicals in Nebraska groundwater. Ground Water 24(2):231-233. Gordon, S.J. and Meeks, S.A. 1977. A study of gaseous pollutants in the Houston, Texas area. Am Inst Chem Eng Symp Ser 73:84-94. Hoffmann, D., Patrianakos, C., Bnumemann, K.D., and Gori, G.B. 1976. Chromatographic determination of vinyl chloride in tobacco smoke. Anal Chem 48:47-50. IARC. 1979. Vinyl Chloride, Polyvinyl Chloride and Vinyl Chloride-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers. In: Some Monomers. Plastics and Synthetic Elastomers and Acrolein. IARC 12 VRD 0002039493 Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Volume 19. International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France. Jacobson, J.S. and Humayun, M.Z. 1990. Mechanisms of mutagenesis by the vinyl chloride metabolite chloroacetaldehyde. Effect of gene-targeted in vitro adduction of M13 DNA on DNA template activity in vivo and in vitro. Biochemistry 29:496-504. John, J., Smith, F. and Schwetz, B. 1981. Vinyl chloride: Inhalation teratology in mice, rats, and rabbits. Env Health Perspect 41:171-177. John, J., Smith, F., Leong, F. and Schwetz, B. 1977. The effects of maternally inhaled vinyl chloride on embryonal and fetal development in mice, rats, and rabbits. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 39:497-513. Kizer, K. 1986. Final Report on a Monitoring Program for Organic Chemical Contamination of Large Public Water Systems in California. Summary Version. Department of Health Services, California. National Field Investigations Center. 1974. Evaluation of Vinyl Chloride Emissions in the Long Beach Area, California. EPA/330/2-74/002, Springfield, Va, NITS. Safe Drinking Water Committee. 1977. Drinking Water and Health. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC., p. 794. Saric, M., Kulcar, Z., Zorica, M. and Gelic, J. 1976. Malignant tumors of the liver and lungs in an area with a PVC industry. Environ Health Perspect 17:644-652. Swenberg, J.A., Fedtke, N., Ciroussel, N., Baibin, A., and Bartsch, H. 1992. Etheno adducts formed in DNA of vinyl chloride exposed rats are highly persistent in liver. Carcinogenesis 13:727-729. 13 M M 0 t 0 0 0 iW A Turner, C.A., Payne, A.P. and Bushby, B.R. 1984. Determination of Ambient Levels of Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) (Around Manufacturers in the UK: Fart 7. Warren Spring Laboratory, Department of Trade and Industry, Stevenage, UK. Vinyl Institute. 1987. Potential Effects of Vinyl Chloride on Human Offspring. Prepared by the Medical Subcommittee of the Technical Committee, December 1987. Wong, O. and Whorton, M.D. 1993. Diagnostic bias in occupational epidemiologic studies: An example based on the vinyl chloride literature (letter to the editor). Am J Indust Med 24:251-256. Wong, O., Whorton, M.D., Foliart, D.E., and Ragland, D. 1991. An industry-wide epidemiologic study of vinyl chloride woricers, 1942-1982. Am J Indust Med 20:317-334. 14 NO10420001 P893-878361 Citations from the Life Sciences Collection Oatabase Vinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Chloride: Toxicology _ ( Oan 82 - Present ) VISTA CHEMICAL CO LIBRARV POB 200135 AUSTIN TX 78720 0135 271-035 4-ONE 326406337 "O s US -P* PUBLISHED SEARCH U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Tachnlcit Information Sanrlca isms NO10420001 PB93-878361 Citations from the Life Sciences Collection DataBase Vinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Chloride: Toxicology ( Jan 82 - Present ) VISTA CHEMICAL CC LIBRARY POB 200135 AUSTIN TX 78720 0135 271-035 4-ONE 326406337 A VRD 00020394 96 VRD 0002039497 CONTENTS About Published Searches User Information Samp Ie Citation About the Database Related Published Searches Bib1iographic Information Title List Citations Subject term index The citations contained in this document are copyrighted and may not be reproduced without permission of the database producer. itttu iB B B aai* ABOUT PUBLISHED SEARCHES Each Published Search(R)* is an exclusively prepared bibliography providing the most current data available on a specific topic from an individual database source. The search strategies are prepared by in-discipline information specialists to produce the most current, relevant data in the topic area. When a search is ordered, a completely new bibliography is produced at delivery time insuring the most up-to-date information available from that database source. Published Searches reference reports with full bibliographic citations including informative abstracts (when provided by the database producer). The abstracts provide a quick, inexpensive way to determine which items are of special interest to users. A list of related bibliographies accompanies each Published Search. When possible, ordering information and pricing are provided. Additional bibliographies are available in all areas of science, technology, business, and human resources. Publ ished Search is a registered trademark of the National Technical Information Service, U.5. Department of Commerce. VRD 0007039499 USER INFORMATION SAMPLE CITATION Title-----------Changes of the Organs of Locomotion in Adult Alcoholism. Accession--------80-01 16865 Number Author----------------Szanto. 0. Citation-----Magy. Radiol.. 31(3), 133-139 ( 1979) Language - German, English, Hungarian, Russian Affiliation- (Egyesitett Tuookorhaz-Gondozointezet. Pf. 175. 3501 Miskole, Hungary) Type- journal Article: Orig. Research AOstract-----------The X-ray pathology of the limps of 7 patients with chronic alconolism is described. SAMPLE SUBJECT INDEX ENTRY Keyword-----------------------------------------------------Locomot i on Citation numoer---------------------------5 ABOUT Life Sciences Collection Database LSC Life Sciences Collection is a database that has been actively publishing journal abstracts since 1965 when it began with Microbiology Abstracts. Over the years, additional journals in appropriate study areas have been added to the subject matter of the LSC database which contains more than a million records. In 1978 a computerized system was instituted for the storage of the abstracts on a central database which is updated weekly. The additional records are selected by an in-house editorial staff and an international network of consultants and translators who review over 5,500 research journals and numerous books, conference proceedings, reports, patents, and selections from the "grey literature." The subjects included in the Life Sciences Collection database are: microbiology, biochemistry, ecology, entomology, genetics, immunology, toxicology, chemoreception, calcified tissues, aquatic sciences and fisheries, and animal behavior. VRD ^002039500 A VRD 0002039501 RELATED PUBLISHED SEARCHES The Published Searches listed below are recent additions to your topic of interest When ordering these searches, use the order number appearing in each bibliographic citation. These searches may be ordered from NTIS by calling the Sales Desk at 703/487-4650 or sending a written request to the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. Combustion of Plastics and Elastomers (Jan 76 * Present) USG/NTIS ORDER NUMBER PB93-877652/RPS Tne Dibliography contains citations concerning combustion and combustion products of plastics and elastomers. Topics include combustion chemistry, fire safety, toxic gases, burning rate, and techniques ana additives to make plastics and elastomers fire resistant or less hazardous. (Contains 250 citations fully inoexed with a title list.) Sister Chromatid Exchange Analysis to Monitor Genotoxic Chemicals (Jan 81 Present) POLLUTION ABSTRACTS ORDER NUMBER PB92-S535G3/RPS The bibliography contains citations concerning the use of the sister cnromatid exchange (SCE) analysis for toxicological studies. SCE analysis is a very sensitive measure of genotoxic damage to chromosomes. SCE toxicological studies analyzing ionizing radiation, chromium compounds, styrene, paint thinner, mercury, cigarette smoke, coal dust, fuel oil, insecticides, ethylene oxide, diesel exhaust, and polychlortmated Diphenyls are discussed. SCE studies using both human and animal tissue cultures are described. (Contains a minimum of 182 citations fully indexed with a title list.) Polymeric Materials Combustion: Toxicity Hazards and Legal Aspects (Jan 73 - Present) RuDber a Plastics Researcn Abstracts ORDER NUMBER PB90-85557S/RPS This Didiography contains citations concerning toxicity hazards and legal aspects of polymeric materials combustion in building, electrical and electronic applications. Flammability assessment, flame retardant additives, and toxicity standards of polymeric materials are oiscusseo. Regulations and legislation on polymer flammability are presented. Health hazards caused by toxic gases from polymeric materials combustion are considered. (Contains a minimum of 23B citations fully indexed with a title list.) Toxicity: Polymeric Materials in Food-Contact Applications (Jan 77 - Present) Rubber 6 Plastics Research Abstracts ORDER NUMBER PB89-871214/RPS This bibliography contains citations concerning toxicity investigations of polymeric materials in food-contact applications. Polymeric food packaging materials and regulations are discussed. Toxicity testing, polymeric equipment in food processing, and the use of additives in food packaging are included. Discussions also Include coating materials for food containers and pigments for food packaging fi1 ms.(Contains 250 citations fully indexed with a title list.) Sister Chromatid Exchange Analysis to Monitor Genotoxic Chemicals (Jan 61 - Present) POLLUTION ABSTRACTS ORDER NUMBER PB93-863009/RPS The bibliography contains citations concerning the use of the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis for toxicological studies. SCE analysis are very sensitive measures of genotoxic damage to chromosomes. SCE toxicological studies analyzing 1onl2lng radiation, chromium compounds, styrene, paint thinner, mercury, cigarette smoke, coal dust, fuel oil, insecticides, etnylene oxide, diesel exhaust, and polychlorinated biphenyls are discussed. SCE studies using both human and animal tissue cultures are described. (Contains a minimum of 191 citations fully indexed with a title list.) * VRD 0002039502 A BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION PB93-8783S1 Vinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Chloride: Toxicology ( Jan 82 - Present ) Citations from the Life Sciences Collection Oatebase Ju 1 93 National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA Report Period Covered: Jan 82 - Present Supersedes PB92-854330 The bibliography contains citations concerning the toxicity of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chlorloe following short- and long-term exposure. The citations explore how these compounds are metabolized and consider their carcinogenic and teratogenetic potential. Methodologies to quantitate their presence in atmospheric oust ana body tissues are discussed. Occupational hazards are also noted. (Contains 139 citations fully indexed with a title list.) Price Code PC NOi MF N01 VRD 0002039503 TITLE LIST 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 22 11 .. TITLE NDN 122-0121-4796-4: ExDOSures to polyvinyl chloriae. methyl ketone and other cnemicals: The pulmonary ana non-pu1monary effect. NDN 122-0121-2S75-0: Contrasting effects of 1.1. i-tnchlorostriane on ( super(14)c)vinyl chloride metabolism and activation in hepatic microsomes from phenobarbita1 - and isoniazid-treated rats . NDN 122-0120-2796-0; Toxicity of polyvinylchloride plastizoles of C. M, P brands for manufacturing medical products. NDN 122-0118-0265-0- Mortality and cancer incidence among PVC-processing workers i n Sweden. NDN 122-0116-1625-7: Migration of vinyl chloride into PVC-bottled drinking-water assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. NDN 122-0115-4786-7- An industry-wide epidemiologic study of vinyl chloride workers 1942-1982. NDN 122-0113-3432-0: Pulmonary effects of polyvinyl chloride dust exposure on compounding workers. NDN 122-0111-3502-4: A collaborative study of cancer incidence and mortality among vinyl chlorioe workers. NDN 122-0110-3529-7: Liver and biliary tract cancer among chemical workers. NDN 122-0110-3038-0: Mortality and cancer morbidity in workers exposed to low levels of vinyl chloride monomer at a polyvinyl chloride processing plant. NDN 122-0109-3022-9: Etheno adducts formed in DNA of vinyl chloride-exposed rats are highly persistent in 1iver. NDN 122-0109-1959-3: Exposure to vinyl chloride monomer: Results of a cohort study after a seven year follow up. NDN 122-0108-4562-7: The persistence of sister-chromatid exchange frequencies in men occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride monomer. NDN 122-0106-6126-7: Activation of Ki-ras gene by point mutation in human liver angiosarcoma associated with vinyl chloride exposure. NDN 122-0105-2135-4: Lifetime (149-week) oral carcinogenicity study of vinyl chloride in rats. NDN 122-0101-5329-8: Pathobiochemical response of tracheooronchial lympn nodes following intratracheal instillation of po1yviny1 chi oride dust in rats. NON 122-0100-2684-7: Vinyl chi oride-induced DNA adducts. II: Formation and persistence of 7-(2'-oxoethy1)guanine and N super(2),3-etnenoguamne in rat tissue DNA. NDN 122-0098-2219-6: Sister chromatid exchanges, proliferating rate index, and micronuclel in 0iomonitoring of Internal exposure to vinyl chloride monomer in plastic industry workers. NDN 122-0097-5959-0: NDN 122-0097-2585-3: Mutagenicity of vinyl chloride in man: Comparison of chromosome aberrations with micronucleus and sister-chromatid exchange frequencies. Tissue reaction to intraperitoneal polymer implants: Species difference and effects of corticoid and doxorubicin. NON 122-0094-6415-2: Persistent liver dysfunction among workers at a vinyl chloride monomer po)ymerization plant. A VRD 0002039504 222.. 23. 24. 25. NON 122-0093-7792-9: NON 122-0091-7762-0: NON 122-0090-9368-0: NDN 122-0088-6956-9: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver following contact with vinyl cnloriae. Recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation. Rapid analysis of dibutyitin compounds and tricresyl pnospnate in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by thin layer cnromatography. Cot mattress Diodeterloration and SIOS. 1,N super(6)-Ethenoadenosine formation, mutagenicity and murine tumor induction as indicators of the generation of an eiectropni1ic epoxide metabolite of the closely related carcinogens ethyl caroamate (urethane) and vinyl caroamate. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. NON 122-0085-7170-2: NON 122-0085-2228-4: Nucleophilic selectivity as a determinant of carcinogenic potency (TD sub(50)) in rodents: A comparison of mono- and Di-functional alkylating agents and vinyl chloride metapolites. Occupational asthma due to unneated polyvinylchloride resin dust . NDN 122-0084-4487-0: Effects of vinyl chloride on liver function of exposed workers, evaluated Dy measurements of plasma clearance of the super ( 99m)Tc-N-2,4-dimetny1 acetarn lido-iminodi acetate compiex. NDN 122-0033-2743-8; NON 122-0082-3291-9: NON 122-0081-2180-0: Small airways function in workers processing polyvinyl ch1 oride. Central nervous system malformations in relation to two polyvinyl chloride production facilities. Comparison of potency of human carcinogens: Vinyl chloride, chiorometny1 methy\ ether and ois(ch1oromethyl)ether. NDN 122-0080-0176-4: NON 122-0079-5137-0: NDN 122-0076-8840-3: NDN 122-0073-2887-3: Update to vinyl chloride mortality study. Disposition of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cycionexanone in acute poisoning. Cohort and case-control analyses of workers exposed to vinyl chloride: An update. Immunochemical profiles of workers differing in the degree of occupational exposure to vinyl chloride. NON 122-0070-9669-0: NON 122-0069-7930-0: Careinogenicity of vinyl chloride in $prague-Dawley rats after prenatal and postnatal exposure. Factors of humoral resistance in workers exposed to vinyl chloride with a view to smoking habits. NON 122-0069-2124-2: NDN 122-0068-3994-0: NON 122-0065-9252-0: Human male exposure to vinyl chloride and possible teratogenic and mutagenic risks: A review. Hepatocarcinogens induce gene mutations in rats in fIbroblast-1ike cells from a suocutaneous granulation tissue. Effects of exposure to vinyl chloride. An assessment of the evidence. NON 122-0064-1321-2; Increasing evidence of the rise of cancer in workers exposed to v1ny1ch1 or 1de. NDN 122-0062-4100-0: NDN 122-0059-4475-1: NDN 122-0057-4952-8: Exposure to vinyl chloride monomer: Report on a cohort StuOy. Migration of an organo-tin stabilizer from polyvinyl chloride film to food and food simulating liquids. Early detection and signs of heDatoanglosareoma among vinyl chloride workers. f0 6 0 tM 0 QUA 45. 46. NDN 122-0056-7619-7: NON 122-0055-1703-4: Respiratory effects of work in retail stores: II. Respiratory symptoms. The vinyl ch1 oride-derived nucleoside. N suoer(2),3-ethenoguanosine. is a highly efficient mutagen in transcription. CS> ^ ss 47. 48. 49. 50. NON 122-0054-4295-2: NON 122-0054-4259-9: NON 122-0054-0901-8: NDN 122-0049-1365-5: Utilization of i. N super(6)-etheno-2-aeoxyadenosine 5'-triphospnate during DNA synthesis on natural templates. catalyzea Dy DNA polymerase I of Escherichia coli). In vitro studies on the metabolism and covalent Binding of ( super(1d)C)1.1-d1ch1oroethylene oy mouse liver, kidney and lung. A scientific basis for the risk assessment of vinyl chloride. Quantitative histochemistry of benzaloehyde dehydrogenase In hepatocellular carcinomas of vinyl chi oride-treated rats. ^ cj, , 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. NON 122-0048-5695-7: Two stages of cancerogenesis induced Dy implantation of foreign oojects. NON 122-0048-5464-0: Phthalate ester exposure-air levels and health of workers process 1ng po1yviny1 chi oride. NDN 122-0047-4682-9: Statistical modeling of animal pioassay oata with variable dosing regimens: Examp1e--viny1 cnloriae. NDN 122-0046-4902-2: The value of some cytoenzymocnemica1 investigations of the leukocytes and platelets in estimating the effects of occupational exposure to benzene, vinyl cnloriae and carbon dlsu1 phide. NDN 122-0044-4956-2: Application of the "filter model" to a risk assessment for vinyl chloride. NDN 122-0042-0609-4: Effect of vinyl chloride on testis in rats. NDN 122-0041-5925-0: Clinical studies of workers exposed to polyviny1cnioride dust. NDN 122-0040-3144-0: Angiosarcoma of the liver and other occupational diseases in vinyl chloride workers. NDN 122-0040-2117-3: Comparison of the impact of continuous and intermittent exposure to vinyl chloride, including phenobarbita1 effect. 6061. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 7. 68. NDN 122-0036-8622-9: Use of serum pile acids in the identificat 1 on of vinyl chloride hepatotoxic1ty. NDN 122-0036-1252-0: Bronchitis in relation to work. NON 122-0036-0914-4: Across-shift changes in the pulmonary function of meat-wrappers and other workers m tne retail food industry. NDN 122-0036-0680-5: Pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in polyviny1 chi or 1de fabrication workers. NDN 122-0030-7252-5: VInyIchloride Induced hepatic angiosarcoma. NDN 122-0030-6718-9: Epidemiological study of the lung function of workers at a factory manufacturlng polyviny1 chi orioe. NDN 122-0029-8109-8: Two cases of liver angiosarcoma among polyvinyl chloride (PVC) extruders of an Italian factory producing PVC bags and other containers. NDN 122-0029-6804-5: Assessment of mutagenic efficiency of two carcinogen-modifi ed nucleosides, l,N super(6)-ethenodeoxyadenosine and 0 super(4)-methyIdeoxythymldlne. using polymerases of varying fidelity. NDN 122-0028-9303-3; Preventive measures against occupational hazards in the PVC 69 . 7071 . 72 . production industry. NDN 122-0028-9298-3 : Occupational hazards in the VC-PVC industry. NDN 122-0020-9289-2: Trends in cancer mortality among workers in the synthetic polymers industry. NDN 122-0028-9276-4: Toxicity of the components of poly(vinylchi ortde) polymers additives. NDN 122-0028-9258-2 : The toxicology of monomers of the polyvinyl plastic series. 73 . 74 . 75 . 76 . 77 . 78 . 79 . 80. 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 . 85. 66. 87 . 88 . 89 . 90. 91 . 92. 93. NDN 122-0027-1081-9: Assessment of early hepatotoxic1ty. NDN 122-0026-3246-8 : A comparative review of the combustion toxicity of polyvinyl chi or 1de. NDN 122-0026-3241-9 : An evaluation of smoke toxicity and toxic hazard of electrical nonmetal 1ic tubing combustion products. NDN 122-0026-2694-8: Angiosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma m vinyl chloride workers. NDN 122-0024-1151-8: Incidence of cancer among vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride workers. NDN 122-0023-0840-9 : Toxicity of vinyl chloride and poly(vinyl chloride): A critical review. NDN 122-0022-8230-5: Activity of vinyl chloride monomer in the mouse micronucleus assay. NDN 122-0022-0319-3: Tissue reaction to the intrapleural injection of polyvinyl chloride powder, alpha -quartz and titanium dioxide. NDN 122-0022-0054-4: Evidence of chioroethy1ene oxide being the reactive metabolite of vinyl chloride towards DNA: comparative studies with 2,2'-dichlorodiethy1 ether. NDN 122-0021-1834-7: Sensitive f1ame-photometric-detector analysis of thioaiglycolic acid in urine as a biological monitor of vinyl chloride. NDN 122-0020-2070-0: Evaluation of the pulmonary toxicity of plasticized polyvinyl chloride thermal decomposition products In guinea pigs by repeated CO sub(2) challenges. NDN 122-0020-1830-4: Neoplastic effect of vinyl chloride m mouse lung. Lower doses and short-term exposure. NDN 122-0020-1472-4: vinyl chloride disease -- Neurological disturbances. NDN 122-0019-2809-0 Lack of dominant lethal effects in male CD-I mice after short-term ana long-term exposures to vinyl chloride monomer. NDN 122-0018-5256-4 Evaluation of the association Detween birth defects and exposure to ambient vinyl chloride. NDN 122-0017-5937-0 Biochemical assessment of the bioreactivity of intratracneally administered polyvinyl chloride dust in rat 1 ung. NDN 122-0013-7872-6 Mitochondrial changes in hepatocytes of rats chronically exposed to vinyl chloride and ethanol. NDN 122-0013-7820-9 Occupational and nvlronmental damage to the liver. NDN 122-0013-7731-0 Cause-specific mortality study on VCM workers. NDN 122-0013-4036-0 Roles of 2-haioetnylene oxides and 2-haloacetaidehydes derived from vinyl bromide and vinyl chloride in irreversible binding to protein and DNA. NON 122-0011-8845-7: Investigations on the correlation between vinyl chloride (vcM)-uptake and excretion of its metabolites by 15 A VRD 0802039506 VRf) 000 2039 507 VCM-exoosed workers: II- Measurements of tne urinary excretion of tne vCM-metabolite thiodiglycolic acid. 94 . 95 NON 122-0011*8764-7: NON 122-0011-2486-8: Effects on the liver of chemicals encountered in the workplace. Cytogenetic effects of epoxy, phenol forma 1dehyde and polyvinylchloride resins in man. 96 . NON 122-0010-3562-8: Raynaud's Phenomenon Caused by Vinyl Chloride. Raynaud-Phaenomen Durcn viny1 chi orid. 97 . 98 . 99. NDN 122-0010-0737-2: NON 122-0010-0725-6 : NDN 1 22-0009-9736-4 . Plasticizer Migration From Polyvinyl Chloride Film to Solvents and Foods. The Effect of Repeated Vinyl Chloride Exposure on Rat Hepatic Metabolizing Enzymes. Respiratory illness Caused Dy Overheating of Polyvinyl Chloride. 100. NDN 122-0009-9469-7: Progression of Vinyl Chloride Induced Hepatic Fibrosis to Angiosarcoma of tne Liver. 101 . 102. NDN 1 22-0009-9427-2 : NDN 122-0009-8920-3: Angiographic Study of Digital Arteries in Workers Exposed to Vinyl cnloride. Polyvinyl Chloride Wire Insulation Decomposition II: Consiaeration of Long Term Health Effects From Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. 103 . NDN 122-0008-0888-9: Review of Epidemiologic Study Results of Vinyl Chi oride-Re 1ated Compounds. 104 . NDN 122-0008-0882-8: Review of Experimental Carcinogenesis by Compounds Related to Vinyl Chloride. 105 . NDN 122-0008-0877-4: Angiosarcoma of the Liver: A Signal Lesion of Vinyl Chloride Exposure. 106 . NDN 122-0008-0867-1: Power Considerations in Studies of Reproductive Effects of Vinyl Chloride and Some Structural Analogs. 107 . NDN 122-0008-0860-9: Mutagenicity Studies of Vinyl Chloride. 108 . NDN 122-0008-0850-6: Prenatal SuscectiDi1ity to Carcinogenesis by Xenobiotic Substances Including Vinyl Chloride. 109. NDN 122-0008-0843-9: Vinyl Chloride: Inhalation Teratology Study in Mice, Rats and Rabbits. 1 10 NDN 122-0008-0638-5: Review of Pulmonary Effects of Polyfvmyl Chloride) end Vinyl Chloride Exposure. 111. 112. 113. NDN 122-0008-0831-2: NDN 122-0008-0763-0: NDN 122-0008-0753-8: Excess Lung Cancer Risk in a Synthetic Chemicals Plant. Epidemiological Study of Pneumoconiosis in the Italian PolylVinyl Chloride) Industry. Mortality and Cancer Rates Among Workers in the Swedish PVC Processing Industry. 114. 115. 1 16. NDN 122-0008-0742-3: NDN 122-0008-0734-4: NON 122-0008-0721-6: Mortality Among PVC-Fabricating Employees. Poly(Vlnyl Chloride) Processes and Products. Effectiveness of Federally Required Medical Laboratory Screening in the Detection of Chemical Liver Injury. 117. NDN 122-0008-0713-7: Epidemiology of Hepatic Angiosarcoma in the United States: 1964-1974. 1 18 . NDN 122-0008-0708-3: Epidemiologic Study of Vinyl Chloride Workers: Mortality Through DecemDer 31, 1972. 1 19. NDN 122-0008-0705-8: German Investigations on Morbidity and Mortality of Workers Exposed to vinyl Chloride. H601000 fla t 120- NON 122-0008-0702-2 Observations of the Site-Specific Care 1 nogenicity of vinyl Chloride to Humans. 121 NON 122-0008-0698-4: Results of Sputum Cytology Among Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride Monomer and to Poly(Vinyl Chloride). 122. NON 122-0008-0693-5 Preliminary Observations of the Effect of Inhalation of PVC in Man and Experimental Animals. 123. NON 122-0008-0687-0: Pneumoconiosis in Animals Exposed to Po1y(Vinyl Chloride) Dust . 124 . NON 122 -0008-0681-9: Cancer Induction Following Single and Multiple Exposures to a Constant Amount of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, 125 - NON 122 -0008-0675-3: Effect of Ethanol on Vinyl Chloride Care 1 nogenesis. 126. NDN 122 -0008-0667-4: Effects of Aging on the Induction of Angiosarcoma. 1 27 , NDN 122 -0008-0660-1. Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic Effects of Vinyl Chloride in Mouse Lung. 128 . NDN 1 22 -0008-0657-1: Careinogenicity Bioassays of Vinyl Chlorioe Monomer: a Model of Risk Assessment on an Experimental Basis. 129. NDN 122 -0008-0606-6: Vinyl Chloride Disorder. 130. NON 122 -0007-9381-3: Detection of N super(2).3-Etnenoguanine in DNA After Treatment With Chioroacetaldehyde in vitro. 131 . NDN 122 -0006-1490-6: Polyvinyl Chloride Pulmonary Disease. 132. NDN 122 -0006-1489-0: Power Considerations in Epidemiologic Studies of vinyl Chloride workers. 133 . NDN 122 -0005-3386-4: Follow-Up Study on the Carcinogenicity of Vinyl Chloride and vinylidene Chloride in Rats and Mice: Tumor Incidence and Mortality Subsequent to Exposure. 134 . NDN 122 -0003-5725-9: Evidence for Endothelial Cell Origin of Vinyl Chi oride-Induced Hepatic Angiosarcoma. 135. NDN 122 -0003-5475-1: Neurological Changes in Vinyl Chloride-Exposed Workers. 136 . NDN 122 -0003-0693-6: U1trastructure of Hepatic Angiosarcoma in Rats Induced by Vinyl Chi oride. 137. NDN 122 -0003-0663-0: Cancer Mortality of a Group of Canadian Workers Exposed to vinyl Chloride Monomer. 138 . NDN 122 -0003-0641-0: On the Acute Hepatotoxicity of Inhaled Vinyl Chloride. 139 . NDN 122 -0001 - 1439-9: Vinyl Chi oride-Induced Angiosarcoma and Hepato-Cel1ular Carcinoma of the Liver. VRD 0002939509 CITATIONS 1. Exposures to polyvinyl chloride, methyl ketone and other chemicals: The pulmonary and non-pulmonary effect. 93-07 2968285 Oleru, U. 2.; Onyekwere. C. JOURNAL NAME- INT. ARCH. OCCUP. ENVIRON. HEALTH. vol. S3, no. 7. DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, affiliation- Dep. Community Health, Coll. Med.. Univ. Lagos. P. M. Nigeria LANGUAGE- English pp. 503-507 1992 Serial AUTHOR B. 12003, Lagos, As part of the continuing assessment of the health impact of exposures in the emerging industries of Nigeria, a study was conducted to determine the relative impact of exposures encountered in four operations of a shoe factory. The health impact assessment consisted of spirometric lung function evaluation and environmental measurement for polyvinyl chloride (1.6 ppm). The study showed that there were differences among exposure subgroups with respect to pulmonary, neurological and dermal toxicities and that these differences were dictated by the types of exposure encountered. Pulmonary toxicity was most severe in the vinyl chloride-exposed subgroup. Neurological impact was most severe in tne leather ana metnylethyl ketone-exposed subgroup and dermal toxicity most severe in the subgroup exposed to plasticizers and stabilizers. There existed substantial deficits m lung function (forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity FEV sub(1), FVC) among the subgroups relative to normal, non-1ndustria 11y exposed Nigerians of similar age and height. 2. Contrasting effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane on ( super(i4)C)vinyl chloride metabolism and activation in hepatic mierosomes from phenobarbital- and isoniazid-treated rats. - 93-07 2964781 Baker, M. T.; Ronnenoerg, W. C.,Jr. JOURNAL NAME- TOXICOL. APPL. PHARMACOL. vol. 119, no, 1, pp. 17-22 1993 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial ISSN- 00A1-008X AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Anesth., Univ. Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA LANGUAGE- English The interaction of 1.1,1-trichloroethane (TCE). a widely used chlorocaroon solvent, on the metabolism and activation of ( supen(id)C)viny1 chloride in rat hepatic mierosomes was investigated to determine tne effects of combined exposures to these compounds. In mierosomes from phenobarbita1 (PB)-treated rats, TCE increased vinyl chloride-protein binding ana vinyl chloride aqueous metabolite formation over twofold when vinyl chloride C.32% (v/v) and TCE (0.65%) are incubated together. In contrast. under similar incubation conditions, TCE inhibited vinyl chloride metabolism and protein binding up to 45% in mierosomes from isoniazid-treated animals. TCE also inhibited vinyl chloride metabolism and binding in mierosomes from untreated rats, but to lesser degree. 3. Toxicity of polyvinylchloride plastizoles of c, M, p brands for manufacturing nodical products. - 93-06 2949555 Bardov. v. G.; Stepanenko, G. A ; Izotova. P. V.; Shmuter, G. M.: Davydenko, L. M.; Blasiuk, M. G.; Pogorelova, V. I.; Khalavchuk, I. V. JOURNAL NAME- MED. PROFESS. no. 5. pp. 84-86 1991 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial LANGUAGE- Russian It is concluded that polyvinyl plastizoles of the mentioned brands should not be used for manufacturing medical products. Only the P brand may be employed for manufacturing balloons for measurement of the blood pressure ana for inhalers. 0 iS 6 E 0 0 0 0 o iftr 4. Mortality and cancer incidence among PVC-processing workers tn Sweden. - 93-05 2911836 Lundberg, I,; Gustavsson, t.; Holmberg, 8.; Molina, G.; Westerholm, P, JOURNAL NAME- AM. J. IND. MED. vol. 23. no. 2. pp. 313-319 1993 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Occup. Health. Karolinska Hosp., S-171 84 Stockholm. Sweden LANGUAGE- English The mortality pattern and the cancer incidence were investigated among 717 men who had been employed for at least 3 months during 1964-1974 in three Swedish PVC-processing plants. The mortality was followed 1964-1986 and the cancer incidence 1964*1984. Expected figures were calculated from Swedish national rates. Among Swedish citizens, the observed mortality and cancer incidence was close to the expected in most diagnoses. Among immigrants, mostly from Finland, there was a marked excess of circulatory deaths. This finding was probably due to the higher incidence of coronary mortality in Finland compared to Sweden. In the whole cohort, five cases of malignant melanoma had occurred as compared to 1.5 expected. This may be due to chance out merits further investigation since an increased incidence of malignant melanoma has previously been found among Norwegian PVC-manufacturing workers. 5. Migration of vinyl chloride into PVC-bottled drinking-water assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. - 93*03 2B83818 Benfenati, E.: Natangelo, M.; Davoli. .; Panel 1i, R. JOURNAL NAME- FOOD CHEM. TOXICOL. vol. 29. no. 2. pp. 131-134 1991 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Lab. Environ. Pharmacol, and Toxicol., Inst. Ric. Farmacol. "Mario Negri", via Eritrea 62. 20157 Milan, Italy LANGUAGE- English The migration of vinyl chloride (VC) into dr ink 1ng-water bottled in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was studieo in relation to storage time, using a gas cnromatographic-mass spectrometric method. Trideuterated vinyl chloride was used as internal standaro. VC concentrations in the water rose progressively in direct (linear) relation to the time after bottling (about 1 ng/1itre/day). The time of storage of PVC-packaged foodstuffs may affect the daily oral intake of this monomer, whicn in some cases may exceed 100 ng/person/day. 6. An Industry-wide epidemiorogie study of vinyl chloride workers 1942-1982. - 93-03 2871077 Wong, 0.; Whorton, M. D.; Foliart, D. E.; Ragland, D. JOURNAL NAME- AM. J. IND. MED. vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 317-334 1991 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Appl. Health Sci.. 181 Second Ave., Suite 628, P. 0. Box 2078, San Mateo, CA 94401, USA LANGUAGE- English The cohort consisted of 10,173 men who had worked for at least one year in jobs involving exposure to vinyl chloride prior to 1 January 1973. These men were employed at 37 plants in the U. S., belonging to 17 companies. Observation of the mortality experience of the cohort was updated from 31 December 1972 to 31 December 1982 (the study now covering 1942-1982). A total of 1,536 cohort members were identified as having died. The observed mortaTity, by cause, was compared with the expected based on u. S. mortality rates, standardized for age. race, and calendar time. Analyses by length of exposure, latency, age at first exposure, calendar year of first exposure, and type of products were performed. The study confirmed that the vinyl chloride workers experience of significant mortality excesses in angiosarcoma (15 deaths), cancer of the liver and biliary tract (SMR - 641), and cancer of the brain and other central nervous system (SMR 180). In addition, the study also found a significant mortality excess in emphysema/chronic opstruetive pulmonary disease (CORD) (SMR * 179). On the other hand, the study did not find any excess in either respiratory cancer or lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer. This study also found an increase in biliary tract cancers. VRD 0002039511 t 7. Pulmonary effects of polyvinyl chloride dust exposure on compounding workers. - 93-01 2840822 Ng. Tze Pin: Lee. Hock Slang; Low, Yong Meng; Phoon, Wai Hoong; Ng, Yuen Ling JOURNAL NAME- SCAND. J. WORK ENVIRON. HEALTH. DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC AFFILIATION- Oep. Community. Occup. and Family Kent Ridge. 0511 Singapore LANGUAGE- English vol. 17. no. 1. pp. 53-59 LEVEL- Analytical. Serial Med.. Natl. Univ. Singapore. 1991 AUTHOR Lower Pulmonary effects of Spirometry, cnest radiograpny, environmental measurements, ana a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms were used to evaluate the effects of exposure to polyvinyl chloriae (PVC ) aust on 171 Chinese and Malay PVC compounding workers in comparison with an unexoosed reference group, workers with high cumulative PVC dust expdsure had a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity, ana a mgner prevalence of radiological profusion of small opacities. Wheezing or cnest tightness was also significantly more frequent in this group. Unlike previous studies, the PVC compounding workers in this study were exposed to only negligible amounts, if any. of vinyl chloride monomer or thermal degradation products of PVC such as hydrogen chloride, pnosgene, or chlorine. The conclusion was drawn that a low grade of pneumoconiosis ana a small degree of lung function impairment is associated with PVC dust exposure. Reversiole airways oostruction is also likely and warrants further investigation. fi. A collaborative study of cancer incidence and mortality among vinyl chloride workers. - 92-10 2800898 Simonato. L.: L'AOOe, K. A.; Andersen, A.; Belli, S.: Ferro, G. : Hagraar, l. ; Saracci, R. ; et a 1 . Compa. P.; Engholm, G.: JOURNAL NAME- SCAND. J WORK ENVIRON. HEALTH. vol. 17. no. 3. pp. 159-169 1991 DOCUMENT TYPE- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR affiliation- Unit Anal. Epidemiol . Int. Agency Res. Cancer. 150 Cours Alpert-Thomas. F-69372 Lyon Cedex 08. France LANGUAGE- English A large European multicentric cohort study has been coordinated Dy the International Agency for Research on Cancer with the objectives of investigating the dose-response relationship between liver cancer ana exposure to vinyl chloride ana assessing cancer risk for sites other than the liver. A nearly threefold increase in liver cancer was detected on the oasis of 24 observed deaths ana 8.4 expected (standaraized mortality ratio 286. 95% confidence interval 186-425). The excess from liver cancer was clearly related to time since first exposure, duration of employment, and estimated ranked and quantitative exposures. Other cancer sites investigated on the basis of a priori hypotheses were either not in excess (lung) or apparently unrelated to the exposure variables (Pram and lymphoma). 9. Liver and biliary tract cancer among chemical workers. - 92-09 2774363 Bond, G. G. : R. McLaren, E A.; SaDel. F. l. Bodner, K. M.: Lipps,. ' . E . ; Cook, R JOURNAL NAME- AM. J. IND. MED. Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC Epioemio1.. Health and Environ. USA LANGUAGE- English vo l . 18. no. 1. pp. 19-24 1990 DOCUMENT TYPE- LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Sci., Dow Cnem. Co., 1803 Build.. Midland. MI 48674, A recent cohort mortality study of male, hourly wave employees of a large Michigan chemical production and research facility had found a greater than expected number of deaths coded to liver and ciliary tract cancer. In response, an additional investigation was then undertaken to the 44 liver and Diliary tract cancer deaths observed Detween 1940 and 1982. A random sample of subjects was selected from the total cohort to serve as referents. Company work history records were used to classify cases and referents by work area assignment and potential for exposure to ii selected chemical agents which have been shown to produce cancer of the liver or biliary passages in experimental animals. Statistically significant associations in both positive and negative directions were found for several work areas within the facility. A suggestive association was found for vinyl chloride monomer, based on five cases with presumed exposure. U f6 0 Z 0 0 0 10. Mortality and cancer morbidity in workers exposed to low levels of vinyl chloride monomer at a polyvinyl chloride processing plant. ~ 92-09 2772927 Hagmar, i_.: Aakesson. B.; Moeller, T. Nielsen, j . : Anaersson. C.; Linoen, K.: Atteweil, R.; JOURNAL NAME- AM. J. IND. MED. vol. 17. no. 5. pp. 553-565 1990 DOCUMENT TYPE- Oourna1 Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Deo, Qccup. Mea.. University Hosp,. S-221 85 Lund. Sweden LANGUAGE- English To study whether exposure to low levels of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) causes increased risk for cancer morpidity and deatn from ischemic heart disease, a cohort stuoy was performed among 2.031 male workers at a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) processing plant who had Deen employed for at least 3 months during the period 1945-1980. An almost significant 1y increases total mortality was found. Deaths caused by violence or intoxication were significantly increased, out not deaths from ischemic heart disease. A significant increase in total cancer morbidity was Observed. Respiratory cancers were significantly increased. Furthermore, six brain tumors (vs. 2.6 expected) were observed. This increase, however, was not significant. No liver hemangiosarcoma was observed. 11. Etheno adducts formed in DNA of vinyl chloride-exposed rats are highly persistent in liver. - 92-08 2749514 Swenberg, J. A.; Fedtke, N.; Ciroussel. F.: Barbin, A.; Bartsch. H. JOURNAL NAME- CARCINOGENESIS. vol. 13. no. A, pp. 727-729 1992 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATI0N- Univ. North Carolina. Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA LANGUAGE- English Preweanling rats were exposed to 600 p.p.m. (a n/day) of the human carcinogen vinyl chlorioe for 5 days to determine the molecular dosimetry of DNA adducts in liver, lung and kidney. 7-(2'-Oxoethy1)guanine (70EG) was the major ONA adduct detected, representing similar to 98% of all adducts. N super(2).3-Ethenoguanine ( epsilon G) and 3.N super(4)-etheno-2'-deoxycytidine ( epsilon dCJ were present at similar to 1% of the 70EG concentration, while i.N super{6>-etheno-2'-aeoxyadenos1ne was present m even lower concentrations. Liver had 3- to B-fold higher amounts of the DNA adducts than lung and kideny. The persistence of all four adducts was determined at 3. 7 and 14 days post-exposure. Whereas 70EG had a t sub(l/2) of similar to 62 h. all three etheno adducts were highly persistent. After accounting for dilution due to growtn-re1ated cell proliferation, epsilon G had a t sub(l/2) of similar to 30 days, while epsilon dC and epsilon dA were not repaired. These data suggest that these cyclic adducts are poorly recognized by liver DNA repair enzymes and have the potential for accumulation upon chronic exposure. 12. Exposure to vinyl chloride monomer: Results of a cohort study after a seven year follow up. - 92-08 2747367 Laplanche, A.; C1avel-Chapelon, F.; Contassot, J.-C.: Lanouziere. C. JOURNAL NAME- BR. J. IND. MED. vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 134-137 1992 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Biostat. Epidemiol., Inst. Gustave Roussy. Rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejulf Ceoex, France LANGUAGE- English In i960 a prospactive cohort study of exposed and non-exposed subjects was initiated in France by the Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicate (INSERM U287) in collaboration with occupational physicians from the companies involved. The aim was to evaluate tne association between mortality and cancer morbidity and occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). A total of 1100 subjects exposed to VCM and i100 nonexposed controls matched for age (to two years), plant, ana physician were followed up for seven years (8299 and 8202 person years for exposed subjects and controls respectively) for vital status and health and occupational state. 13. The persistence of sister-chromatid exchange frequencies In men occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride monomer. - 92-07 2729918 Fucic. A.; Garaj-Vrhovac. v.; Dimitrovic. B.; Skara, M. JOURNAL NAME- MUTAT. RES. vol. 281, no. 2. pp. 129-132 Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial Inst. Med. Res. and Occup. Health, Univ. Zagreb, Ksaverska Yugoslavia LANGUAGE- English 1992 DOCUMENT TYPEAUTHOR AF FI LIAT 10N- c. 2, Zagreb, Croatia, The persistence of sister-chromatic exchange frequencies in a population occupationally exposed to the well known chemical mutagen vinyl chloride monomer was studied. It was shown that increased values of sister-chromatio excnange frequencies were still present in the lymphocytes of workers who nad not oeen exposed for 8-120 days and retired persons for 5-10 years after exposure. The possible ability of vinyl chloride monomer alkylating metabolites to cause long-lasting damage of the DNA molecule is discussed. 14. Activation of Ki-ras gene by point mutation in human liver angiosarcoma associated with vinyl chloride exposure, - 92-05 2690991 Marion, M.-j.; Froment, 0.; Trepo, C. JOURNAL NAME- MOL. CARCINOG. vol. 4, no. 6. pp. 450-454 dournal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial Hepatitis Pas.. Inst. Natl. Sante et Rech. Med.. Unite 271, 69424 Lyon Cedex 03, France LANGUAGE- English 1991 DOCUMENT TYPE- AUTHOR AFFIL1ATI0N- 15i Cours Albert Thomas, Point mutations of c-ras genes were investigated in human angiosarcomas of the liver associated with occupational exposure to vinyl chloride. DNA prepared from either frozen or paraffin-embedded tissues was amplified by the oolymerase chain reaction, and putative point mutations at codons 12, 13, and 61 of c-Ha-ras. c-Ki-ras. and N-ras were analyzed by dot-blot hyoridization with allele-specific oligonucleotides. A G multiplied by C arrow right A multiplied by T transition in the second nucleotide at codon 13 of the c-Ki-ras-2 gene was detected m 5 of tumors. This mutation is likely a conseauence of vinyl chloriae-DNA aaduct formation. It leads to the substitution of glycine by aspartic acid in the resulting p2l protein, a Consistent amino acid substitution found so far in all types of human cancer exhibiting a codon 13-mutated Ki-ras gene. 15. Lifetime (149-week) oral carcinogenicity study of vinyl chloride in rats. - 92-03 2660209 Til. H. P.: Feron, V. J.; Immel. H. R. JOURNAL NAME- FOOD CHEM. TOXICOL. vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 713-718 TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AFFILIATION- TNO Toxicol. and Nutr. Inst., P. 0. Box 360. 3700 AJ LANGUAGE- Engl 1sh 1991 DOCUMENT AUTHOR Zeist. Netherlands A 1ifetime (149-wk) oral care 1 nogenicity study of vinyl chlorioe monomer (VCM) was carried out. Four groups of Wistar rats were used, each consisting of 100 males ana IOO females, except for tne high-dose group, which comprised 50 males and 50 females. VCM was administered by incorporat 1 ng polyvinyl ctilonde powder with a high content of VCM into the diet. The actual exposure levels of VCM were 0 (control), 0.014, 0.13 and 1.3 mg VCM/kg body weight/day. Detailed n1stopathologica1 examination was restricted to the liver. In the final stage of the study, the mortality in the high-dose group was slightly higher than in controls. A variety of VCM-relatea liver lesions was founo in the high-dose group. The lesions included increased incidences of livei--cell polymorph1sm, hepatic cysts, foci of cellular alteration, neoplastic nodules, hepatocellular carcinomas and angiosarcomas. Compared with controls, there were increased incidences of hepatic foci of cellular alteration in females of the mid-dose group and of basophilic foci of hepatocellular alteration in females of both tne low- and mid-aose groups. 16. Pathobiochemical response of tracheobronchial lymph nodes following Intratracheal instillation of polyvinylchloride dust in rats. - 91-11 2588565 Agarwal. 0. k.; Dogra, R. K. S.: Shanker, R. JOURNAL NAME- ARCH. TOXICOL. vol. 65, no. 6, pp. Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Ind. Toxicol. Res. Cent., Post Box 80. M. G. Marg, LANGUAGE- English 510-517 1991 DOCUMENT TYPE- Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Lucknow-226 001, India PVC dust, following a single 1ntratrachea1 instillation (25 mg/rat), was substantially cleared through the lymphatic circulation and progressively accumulated in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLN) in a time-dependent manner for up to 1 year. The tissue response in TBLN during 60-270 days post-instillation of PVC dust was characterized by progressive increase in total organ fresh weight, dry weight, DNA, RNA and protein contents, concurrent with the proliferation of macrophages and hyperplasia of reticular cells. Active phagocytosis and enhanced hydrolytic activity in TBLN was evident around 270 days post-1nsti11 at 1 on py tne appearance of PVC-laden macrophages near and within the dust foci, and increased activity of acid phospnatase, DNAse, RNAse and beta -glucuronidase. 17, Vinyl chloride-induced DNA adducts. II: Formation and persistence of 7-(2'-oxoethyl)guanine and N super(2),3-ethenoguanine in rat tissue ONA. - 91-10 2555478 Fedtke, N.; Boucheron. j. A.; walker, v. Swenberg, j. a. JOURNAL NAME- CARCINOGENESIS. vol. 11. no. 8. pp. 1287-1232 1990 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Pathol.. Campus Box 7095. Unlv. North Carolina. Chapel Hill. NC 27599, USA LANGUAGE- English The formation and persistence of the DNA adducts 7-(2'-oxoethyl)guanine (OEG) ano N super(2).3-ethenoguanine (EG) were investigated In preweanling Sprague-Daw1ey rats exposed to vinyl chloride (VC). The concentrat1ons of OEG and EG were measured in liver, lung, kidney, brain and spleen. HPLC with fluorescence detection was used for OEG detection, and gas ehromatograpny-negative ion cnemical ionization mass spectrometry was used for EG detection. In view of the slow loss of EG and its high efficiency for causing base-Dair mismatch, the results suggest that EG may be an important DNA adduct in VC-tnaucea carcinogenesis. 18. Sister chromatid exchanges, proliferating rate index, and micronuclei in biomonitoring of internal exposure to vinyl chloride monomer in plastic industry workers. - 91-07 2510890 Sinues. B.; Sanz. A.; Bernal, M. L.; Ceballos, C.; Saenz. M, A. Tres, A.; Alcala, A.: Lanuza, J.; JOURNAL NAME- TOXICOL. APPL. PHARMACOL. vol. DOCUMENT TYPE- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC affiliation- Dep. Pharmacol.. Med. Sch., Univ. English 108, no. 1, pp. 37-45 1991 LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR Zaragoza, Zaragoza. Spain LANGUAGE- The frequency of micronuclei (MN), sister chromatid exchange (SCEs), and the pro1iferat1ng rate index in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 93 individuals were measured. Fifty-two of the individuals were workers in tne plastics industry wnere they were exposed to vinyl chloride monomer while the remaining 41 individuals served as a control group. In our results, an increase of SCEs and MN, as well as inhibited cell kinetics, was observed in the group of exposed workers. Of the tests used, SCE was found to be the most sensitive enaooint for indicating a biological response. However, since metnods for restricting the MN analysis to only cells at risk (i.e., second generation interphase cells) were not used, this statement reguires ver1fication. 19. Mutagenicity of vinyl ehloride in man: Comparison of chromosome aberrations with micronucleus and sister-chromatid exchange frequencies. - 91-07 2497586 Fucic. A.; Horvat, D.; Dlmltrovic, B. JOURNAL NAME- MUTAT. RES. vol. 242. no. 4. pp. 2G5-270 1990 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR A FFI LIATIDN- Inst. Med. Res. and Occup. Health, Mose Pi jade 156, Zagreb, Yugoslavia LANGUAGE- Eng 1ish The mutagenic effects on vinyl chloride monomer in man were studied in the lymphocyte culture with 3 methods: the chromosome aberration essay, the micronucleus assay and the s1ster-chromatid exchange metnod. Compared with control, values ""obtained by these tests are increased in workers occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride. In relation to non-smokers, smokers exposed to vinyl cnioride show significant increases in sister-chromatid exchange frequencies. The problem of correlating the results of the chromosome aberration assay with micronucleus and sister-chromatid exchange frequencies is discussed. A VRD 0002039514 VRD 0002039515 20. Tissue reaction to intraperitoneal polymer implants: Species difference and effects of eorticoid and doxorubicin. - 91*06 2491947 Christenson, l.; Aebischer, P.; McMillan. P.; Galletti, P. M. JOURNAL NAME- J. BIOMED. MATER. RES. TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC AFFILIATION- Artif. Organ Lab., Brown English vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 705-718 LEVEL- Analytical. Serial Univ., Providence, RI 02912, 1989 DOCUMENT AUTHOR USA LANGUAGE- The reaction tc polyvinyl chlorioe acrylic copolymer capsules implanted in the peritoneal cavity of rats ana mice was studiea. Some animals received a slow release oexamethasone pellet, others were pretreatea with doxorubicin, in an attempt to minimize the tissue reaction. The tissue reaction was significantly thicker in rats than in mice at ootn 2 and 6 weeks after implantation. In rats, corticoids decreased significantly the thickness of tne reactive layer as compared to control at all time points studied, Out doxorubicin nad no effect. The tissue reaction in mice was not significant 1y affected Dy eorticoid treatment. In both species the tnickness of the tissue reaction did not increase significantly between 2 ana 6 weeks. At 3 days the tissue reaction consisted of an interrupted single layer of macrophages in mice, whereas in rats the reaction consisted of two or three layers of macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells. 21. Persistent liver dysfunction among workers at a vinyl chloride monomer polymerization plant. - 91-03 2433426 Ho. S. F. ; Phoon, w H. ; Gan. S. L. ; Chan. Y . K . JOURNAL NAME- j. SOC. OCCUR. MED. vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 10-16 1991 DOCUMENT TYPE- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Ino. Health, Minis:. Labour, Singapore. Rep. Singapore LANGUAGE- English Thirteen workers witn persistent aonorma1ities in one or more liver function tests (LFT) at a vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) polymerization plant were investigated. Twelve workers were found to have VCM-indueea liver dysfunction based on circumstantial evidence. They were employee Detween I97i anc 1982 when tne VCM levels ranged from 1 to 21 p.p.m. After 1982 when the environmenta1 VCM levels were controlled to below 1 p.p.m., no cases of VCM-induced liver dysfunction were detected. In most cases, glutamic pyruvic transaminase was tne earliest parameters to be raised. The second most common parameter is serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. The latent period ranged from 1 to 13 years. 22. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver following contact with vinyl chloride. Recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation. - 91-03 2413211 Gelin, M.; Van de Stadt. J.: M.; Lampi11iotte. J. P. Rickaert. F. De Prez. C.; Levariet. M. ; Adler, JOURNAL NAME- J. HEPATOL. vol. 8, no. 1. pp. 99-106 1989 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Dig. Surg. and Gastroenterol . , Hop. Erasme, 808 Route Lenmk, B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium LANGUAGE- English Malignant epithelioid nemangioenoothe1ioma of the liver is a recently recognized and uncommon neoplasm of vascular origin. Few cases nave been reported and the treatment remains therefore difficult to define. A relationship to oral contraceptive use has been suggested but no other toxic agents have been incriminated. We report here the first case occurring after a close contact with vinyl chloride. Because of wide hepatic destruction and serious portal hypertension with bleeding varices, the patient underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. After a disease-free interval of 20 months, he died from variceal hemorrhage and encephalopathy due to local tumor recurrence with portal thrombosis. Nevertheless, orthotopic liver transplantation remains the only hope of salvage when extensive liver destruction and life-threatening complications are present. 23. Rapid analysis of dibutyltin compounds and trieresyl phosphate in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by thin layer chromatography. - 91-01 2371232 Baba. T.; S&saki. S. JOURNAL NAME- J. FOOD HYG. SOC. JAPAN. vol. 30. no. 4. pp. 321-323 1989 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dsaka City Inst. Public Health and Environ. Sci., 8-34, Tojo-cho, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, Japan LANGUAGE- Japanese A simple and rapid determination method of dibutyltin compounds and tricresyl phosphate (.TCP) contained in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by thin layer chromatography (TLC) was developed. Contents of dibutyltin compounds ana TCP in PVC are limited to lower than 50 ppm and 1,000 ppm, respectively, by the Fooo Sanitation Law of Japan. Test solution for the proposed method was prepared as follows; 0.2 g of PVC sample as dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF). and the polymer was precipitated by adding ethanol at 10 times the THF volume. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness, and the residue was taken up in i ml of ethanol, and divided into halves. One half was used for the analysis of dibutyltin compounds, and the other for the analysis of TCP. after hydrolysis with potassium hydroxide. Detection limits of this method for dibutyltin bichloride and TCP were 50 ng and 250 ng, respectively. 24. Cot mattress biodeterioration and SIDS. - 90-11 2353428 RIcharason, B. A. JOURNAL NAME- LANCET. vol. 335, no. 8690, p. 670 Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial Res. Int., P. 0. Box 142, St. Peter Port. Guernsey. English 1990 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Penarth Channel Islands LANGUAGE- 50 Mattresses used in forty-five SIDS incidents were examined. All mattresses contained Scopu1ariopsis brevicaulis. in the area beneath the infant affected by warmtn and perspiration. Incuoated samples of the infected materials all generated toxic trihydride gases. PVC coverings usually generate stibine (SDH sub(3)) from a fire retaroant additive, antimony trioxide, but also pnospnine (ph suo(3)) from tne phosphate plasticisers that are used when fire resistance is required. Infection by S. brevicaulis) is not readily visible in PVC. The preferential development of this fungus in cot mattresses should be attributed to the presence of nitrogen compounds in the perspirat ion. The generation of arsine in this way has been recognized for about lOO years. Phospine. arsine, and stibine are exceedingly toxic with threshold limit values of 0 multiplied by 3, 0 multiplied by 5 and 0 multiplied by 1 ppm, respectively. 2S. 1,N super(6)-Ethenoadenoslne formation, mutagenicity and murine tumor induction as indicators of the generation of an electrophilic epoxide metabolite of the closely related carcinogens ethyl carbamate (urethane) and vinyl carbamate. - 90-09 2293646 Lelthauser, M. T.; Liem, A.; Stewart, B. C.; Miller, E. C.; Miller, v. A. JOURNAL NAME- CARCINOGENESIS. vol 11, no. 3. pp. 463-473 1990 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- McArdie Lad. Cancer Res., Med. Sch.. univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA LANGUAGE- English Previous studies from this laboratory showed that vinyl carbamate (VC) was much more carcinogenic than ethyl carbamate (EC) and that both carbamates induced the same spectrum of tumors in mice and rats. In the present studies, VC, but not EC, was found to be oxidized by 3-chloroperbenzo1c acid to a derivative that reacted with adenosine to form epsilon Ado. Far more of this etheno nucleoside was formed from VC than from EC when these carbamates were metabolized by cofactor-fortified mouse liver microsomes in the presence of adenosine. Sodium diethyldlthlocerbamate strongly inhibited these microsomal reactions and the formation of epsilon Ado in the hepatic RNA of mice administered either carbamate. The data from all these studies are consistent with the proposal that VC epoxide is an ultimate electrophilic and carcinogenic metabolite of EC and VC in the mouse. VRO 0007039516 A VRD 00026 39 517 26. Nucleophilic selectivity as a determinant of carcinogenic potency (TD sub(SO)) in rodents: A comparison of mono' and bi-functional alkylating agents and vinyl chloride metabolites. - 90-05 2224908 Barbin, A.; Bartsch, H. JOURNAL NAME- MUTAT. RES. vol. 215. no. 1, po. 95-106 1989 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AF FILIATIQN- Int. Agency Res. Cancer. 150 Cours A1oert-Thomas, 69372 Lyon. Cede* 08. France LANGUAGE- English Using published data, the carcinogenic potency (TO sub(50)) in rooents of a series of monofunctIona 1 alkylating agents, bifunctlonal antitumor drugs and the vinyl chloride (VC) metabolites chioroethy1ene oxide (CEO) and chioroaceta1dehyde (CAA) was compared to their nucleophilic selectivity. A positive correlation between the log of TD sub(50) estimates and the s values for a series of 14, mostly monofunctional. alkylating agents was observed. This linear relationship also included 2 bifunctional chioroethylnitrosoureas, although their carcinogenic potency was compared to their initial 7-/0 super(6)-a 1kylguanine ratio rather than their s values. In addition, the carcinogenic potency of 2 alkyl sulfates, which is not yet known accurately, may correlate with their nucleophilic selectivity through the same relationship. By contrast, 2 methyl halides and 5 bifunctional antitumor drugs (nitrogen mustards and azyridinyl derivatives) did not follow tnis linear relationship: at similar nucleophilic selectivity, they were more potent carcinogens than the above 18 alkylating agents; tnis may nold true for CEO and CAA too. although further careinogenicity experiments are needed to calculate their precise TD sub(50) values. 27. Occupational asthma due to unheated polyvinylchloride resin dust. - 90-05 2214792 Lee. H. S. : Yap. J . ; Wang, Y. T.; Lee. C. 5.; Tan, K. T,; Poh, S. C. JOURNAL NAME - BR. J. IND. MED. vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 820-822 1989 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Ind. Health, Minist. Labour, Singapore, Rep. Singapore LANGUAGE- English Polyvinylchloride (PVC) resins are widely used in industry. Asthma due to the thermal degradation products of PVC are well documented. In this first case of occupational asthma due to unneated PVC resin dust the patient was exposed to PVC resin dust during the mixing of chemicals used for making plastic seals for bottle caps. 28. Effects of vinyl chloride on liver function of exposed workers. evaluated by measurements of plasma clearance of the super(99m)Tc-N-2,4-dimethylaeetani1ido-iminodiacetate complex. - 90-04 2196157 Studniarek, M.; Gluszcz. M. Durski, K.; Liniecki, J.; Brykalski, D.; Poznanska. A.; JOURNAL NAME- J. journal Article Dep. Nucl Med., English APPL. TOXICOL. vol. 9. no. 4. pp. 213-218 1989 OOCUMENT TYPE- BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Med. Acad., 32-216 Lodz, Czechos1owacka 8/10, Poland LANGUAGE- In 77 males exposed occupationally to vinyl chloride (VC), the plasma clearance (Cl) of super(99m)Tc-N(2,4-d1 methylacetani1ido) iminodiacetate ("HEPIDA" complex) was determined. The results were juxtaposed with a scaled assessment of liver parenchyma performance based upon clinical examination and a series of biochemical tests. Detection of the diagnosable damage of liver parenchyma by means of the reduced clearance was sensitive (90%) at the reasonable specificity of 74%. Probability of exclusion of liver damage in patients with the clearance above 240 ml/mln i.73/m super(2) amounted to 92%. There was a significant correlation between degree of exposure to VC and the frequency of low clearance values. It appears that the periodic determination of the super(99m)Te-HEPlDA clearance in workers exposed to VC allows the assessment of incipient liver damage and signals the need for prophylactic measures. 29. Small airways function in workers processing polyvinyl chloride. - 90-03 2175111 Nielsen, J.; Faahraeus. C.; K.; Skerfving, S. Bensryd, I.: Aakesson. S.; Wellnder. H.; Linden. JOURNAL NAME- INT. ARCH. DCCUP. ENVIRON. HEALTH. vol. 61, no. 7. pp. 427-430 1989 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Oep. Occup, Mecs., University Hosp., $-22185 Lund, Sweden LANGUAGE- English In a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) processing plant. 20 workers employed as machine attendants and calender operators, and thus exposed to PVC thermal degradation .products (PTDP) and phthalic acid esters (PAE; up to 2 mg/m super{3)). were studied. The control group was 19 unexposeO workers. The exposed subjects had more symptoms from eyes ana upper airways than the controls, probaoiy mainly associated with PTDP. Two (10%) exposed workers had mild work-related asthma vs no control; five (25%) vs one (5%) symptoms of unspecific proncmal hyperreact i vi ty. One exposed subject had a significantly raised level of IgG against phthalic anhydride, indicating that sensitization can occur in PVC processing. 30. Central nervous system malformations in relation to two polyvinyl chloride production facilities. - 90-03 2156732 Rosenman, K. D.; Rizzo, J. E . ; Conomos, M. G.; Halpin, G. J. JOURNAL NAME- ARCH. ENVIRON. HEALTH. vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 279-282 1989 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Michigan State Univ., Dep. MeO., 8338 Clin. Cent., East Lansing. Ml 48824. USA LANGUAGE- English A modified case-control study was conducted for selected birth defects that occurred among residents who lived in areas that surrounaeo two vinyl chloride polymerization facilities In New Jersey. Odds ratios for central nervous system defects decreased as the distance the mother's residences were located from the facilities increased. Higher odds ratios for central nervous system oirth defects were found in the areas around the plant tnat had higher vinyl cnloride emissions. None of the odds ratios, however, were statistically significant. The differences in concentrations of emissions from the different plants may contribute to the discrepancies reported in previous studies wherein the risk of environmental exposure to vinyl chloride was assessed. 31. Comparison of potency of human carcinogens: Vinyl chloride, ehloromethylmethyl ether and bis(chloromethyi)ether. - 90-02 2134729 Van Ouuren, B. L. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. RES. vol. 49, no. 2. pp. 143-151 1989 DOCUMENT TYPE- Jpurnal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Lab. Org. Chem. and Carcinog., Inst. Environ. Med., New York Univ. Med. Cent., New York, NY 10016, USA LANGUAGE- English The alpha -chloroether carcinogen ehloromethylmethyl ether (CME) and its impurity __ bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME) are direct-acting alkylating agents, vinyl chloride (VC) is an indirect-acting carcinogen but its accepted carcinogenic intermediate. ch1oroethy1ene oxide, is also an alpiia -chloroether. Both CME-BCME and VC have been in industrial use since about 1950. They were selected for comparison of potency as human carcinogens using numerous epidemiologic reports. There were 115 deaths due to angiosarcoma of the liver among several hundred thousand VC-exposed workers on the basis of reports from 10 countries during 1955 and 1984. Reports from five countries cited, a total of 87 respiratory cancer deaths among only 3024 CME-BCME-exposed workers. If a recent court settlement in the United States is taken into account, the number of respiratory cancer deaths due to CME-BCME rises to 117. 32. Update to vinyl chloride mortality study. - 90-01 2110050 Dahar, W, S.; R. Bond, G. G.; McLaren, E. A.; Sabel. F. L.; Lipps, T. E.; Cook, R. JOURNAL NAME- J. OCCUP. MED. vol. 30, no. 8, pp. Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Chemical Co.. Epidemiol. Health and Environ. Sci.. USA LANGUAGE- English 648-649 1988 DOCUMENT TYPESerial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- DOW 1803 Build., Midland, MI 4SG74, NO-ABSTRACT A VRD 0002039518 VRD 000203951? 33. Disposition of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone in acute poisoning. 69-12 2096992 Sakata, M.; Kikuchi, J.; N. Haga. M.; ishiyama, N.: Maeaa, T.; Ise. T.; Hikita, JOURNAL NAME- J. TOXICOL.: CLIN. TOXICOL. vol. 27, no. 1-2, pp. 67-77 1969 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Fac. Pharm. Sci., Higashi-Nippon-Gakuen Univ., Tobetsu, Ishikari 061-02. Japan LANGUAGE- English A case of coma due to the drinking of a liquid cement for polyvinyl chloride resin, containing acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone and polyvinyl chloride is describee. The patient also simultaneously ingested the alcoholic beverage, sake. After gastric lavage, plasma exchanges and direct hemoperfusions, the patient recovered. The concentrations of these chemicals in plasma and urine were analyzed at various time intervals to estimate the clearance. The elimination half lives for acetone and methyl ethyl ketone were 18 hours and 10 hours, respectively. Although cyclohexanone made up the largest component in the solvents, the blood level was extremely low and a large amount of eye 1ohexano1, a metabolite of cyclohexanone was detectea in the blood and urine. 34. Cohort and case-control analyses of workers exposed to vinyl chloride: An update. 86-09 2032644 Wu, weiai; Steenland. K.; Halper in, w. Brown, 0.: Wells. V.; Jones. J. ; Schulte, P.; JOURNAL NAME- J. OCCUP. MED. vol. 31. no. 6, DP. 518-523 1989 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- NIOSH, Industrywide Stud. Branch. Robert A. Taft Lab., Cincinnati, OH 45228-1998, USA LANGUAGE- Engl isn The mortality in a cohort of workers at a vinyl chloride polymerization plant has been uDdated, extending the period of observation from 1974 to 1986. workers may have been exposed to vinyl chloride monomer and/or polyvinyl chloride dust, or may have had no exposure to either substance. Seventy-six percent of the work force worked in jobs with potential exposure to vinyl chloride monomer. Among the total cohort, statistically significant excess risks were observed for liver, lung, and brain cancer. For the suoconort of workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for liver cancer was 333. There were no significant excesses of either brain or lung cancer. To investigate dose response, nested case-control studies for liver, brain, and lung cancer were conducted among the total cohort (including the nonexposed). 35. Immunochemical profiles of workers differing in the degree of occupational exposure to vinyl chloride. - 89-05 1949057 Bencko, V.: Wagner, V.; Wagnerova, M.; Batora. J.; Hrebecka, J. JOURNAL NAME- J. HYG. EPIDEMIOL. MICROBIOL. IMMUNOL. vol. 32. no. 4, pp. 375-364 1988 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Postgrad. Sch. Med. and Pharm., Ruska 85, 100 05 Praha 10, Czechoslovakia LANGUAGE- English The immunobiochemleal studies were conducted in 98 production workers engaged in polyvinyl chloride manufacture from ethylene (group A workers) and in vinyl chloric workers from a chemical plant employing classic production technology from acetylene (group B workers). All workers were examined for serum coneentration of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM and acute reactants lysozyme (LYS), transferrin (TRF), ceruloplasmin (CPL). alpna-i-ant 1trypsin (A1AT), alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) and orosomucoid (0R0). Group A worked in conditions meeting the MAC 10 mg VC multiplied by m super(-3) comparing with group B workers had elevated levels of IgG IgA and IgM. Group B workers differed from group A workers by exploiting significantly elevated levels of A1 AT, and CPL. 36. Carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride in Sprague-Dawley rats after prenatal and postnatal exposure. - 89-03 1901413 Mel tom. C. : Cotti, G. EDITOR- Mel tom, C.; Selikoff, I. J. JOURNAL NAME- ANN. N. Y. ACAO. SCI. vol. 534. pp. 145-159 19BB DOCUMENT TYPE- Book Monograph MONOGRAPH TITLE- LIVING IN A CHEMICAL WORLD: OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRIAL CARCINOGENS. BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Anaiyticel. Monographic. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. Oncol. "F. Addani". Bologna, Italy LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 6-10 Oct 1985 CONFERENCE TITLE- International Conference on Living in a Chemical World: Occupational and Environmental Significance of Industrial Carcinogens CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bologna (Italy) LANGUAGE- English Vinyl chloride was administered by inhalation. 7 hours daily. 5 days weekly, at concentrations of 2500 ano 0 ppm, to Sprague-Daw1ey rats. The treatment was started on 13-week-ola breeders and male and female offspring (12-day embryos). The breeders and part of the offspring were exposed for 104 weeks; the other part of the offspring was exposed for 15 weeks only. Under the experimental conditions, vinyl chloride caused an exceptionally high incidence of brain neuroblastomas, liver angiosarcomas, and hepatocarcinomas. The age at start and/or length of treatment may affect the onset of these tumors in different ways. 37. Factors of humoral resistance in workers exposed to vinyl chloride with a view to smoking habits. - 89-01 187S276 Wagnerova, M.; Wagner, v.: Znojemska, S.: Hrebacka, j. JOURNAL NAME- J. HYG. EPIDEMIOL. MICROBIOL. IMMUNOL. vol. 32. no. 3. pp. 265-272 1988 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Immunol. KH$, Dittrichova 17, 120 07 Prague 2, Czechoslovakia LANGUAGE- English Serum samples were assayed in iio workers (59 smokers and 5i non-smokers) at a PVC manufacturing factory. Non-smokers had higher levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA. IgM). while in smokers there was an increase in lgM only. Lysozyme levels (LYS) were elevated in all exposed subjects, but there was a decrease in the total protein (TP) content. A1pha-2-macrog1obu1in (A2M) and orosomucoid (ORO) were elevated in exposed workers. A significant increase was found in ceruloplasmin (CPL). with smokers having nigher levels than non-smokers. 38. Human male exposure to vinyl chloride and passible teratogenic and mutagenic risks: A review. - 89-01 18B1269 Uzych, L. JOURNAL NAME- HUM. TOXICOL. vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 517-527 1988 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journai Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- 103 Canterpury Or., Wallingford, PA 19086. USA LANGUAGE- English Data suggest that the exposure of human males to vinyl chloride in the workplace, and elsewhere, may be associated with various chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes and sister chrdmatid exchanges. Paternal exposure to vinyl chloride may be associated with adverse effects on pregnancy and possibly spermatic alterations. This review is Intended to examine critically selected, available data concerning paternal exposure to vinyl chloride and possible reproductive related risks. 39. Hapatocarcinogons induce gone mutations in rats In fibroblast-like cells from a subcutaneous granulation tissue. - 88-12 1B4S479 Malar, P.; Schawalder, H. P. JOURNAL NAME- CARCINOGENESIS. vol. 9. no. 8. pp. 1363-1368 1988 DOCUMENT TYPE- Uournal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. Toxicol., Swiss Fed. Inst. Technol., CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland LANGUAGE- English Gene-mutations at thB 6-thloguenine locus, in fibroblast like-cells prol1ferating on the inside of rat subcutaneous air pouches were analysed. Target cells were exposed directly by injection into the air pouch, or systemically by oral or intraperitoneal administration to three hepatocarc1 nogens aflatoxln B sub(l), 2-acetyl aminof1uorene (2-AAF) and viny1 chi or 1de. Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) was used as a positive control. and 2-am1nof1uorene to characterize tne pharmacokinetic behaviour of 2-AAF. When administered directly, all chemicals except 2-AAF Induced a dose-dependent increase A VRD 000?0395?0 VRD 0002039521 in gene-mutation frequencies. 2-AAF was mutagenic after oral administration. The highest inducible mutation frequencies with the hepatocarc1 nogens were 6 to iO times the spontaneous mutation frequency, but only similar to 10% of that found with ENU. 40. Effects of exposure to vinyl chloride. An assessment of the evidence. - 88-09 1788015 Doll, R. JOURNAL NAME- SCAND. J. WORK ENVIRON. HEALTH. vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 61-76 1988 DOCUMENT type- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Imperial Cancer Res. Fund, Untv. Oxford, Gibson Build.. Radcliffe Infirm., Oxford 0X2 SHE. UK LANGUAGE- English This paper reviews the possible effects of vinyl chloride on tne mortality of occupationally exposed men and the carcinogenic effects that might be observed in tne general population as a result of environmental pollution witn vinyl chloride. The data permit two conclusions. First, men occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride nave experienced a specific hazard of angiosarcoma of the liver. Second, any other occupational hazards that may have existed nave been small. No positive evidence of a hazard of any nonmalignant disease or nay type of cancer other than angiosarcoma of the liver has been found except possibly for a small hazard of lung cancer when exposure was neavy. 41. Increasing evidence of the rise of cancer in workers exposed to vinylchloride. - 86-07 1753809 Smulevich, v. B.; Fedotova. I. v.; Filatova, v. S. JOURNAL NAME- BR. J. IND. MED. vol. 45. no. 2, pp. 93-97 1988 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- All-union Cancer Res. Cent.. AMS USSR, Moscow. USSR LANGUAGE- English The results of a cancer mortality study among workers employee in the production of viny1 chi oride and polyvinylchloride between 1939 and 1977 suggest a significant increase in deaths from malignancies of the lymphatic and haemooeietic tissues. Mortality for tumours of the digestive organs. respiratory system, bone and connective tissues, brain, and skin are also greater than in tne general population. There were no registered cases of liver angiosarcoma in the study cohort during the follow up period. The risk of cancer was mghest among the workers exposed to concentrations of VC of 300 mg/m super(3) and more who had worked at the plant for 15 to 19 years. The relatively high number of leukaemias and lymphomas in the study group and the absence of 1 iver angiosarcomas probably reflects specific carcinogenic action of different doses of vinylchloride. 42. Exposure to vinyl chloride monomer: Report on a cohort study. - 88-05 1717489 laplanche. A.; Clavel. F.; Contassot, J.-C.: Lanouziere, C. JOURNAL NAME- BR. J. IND. MED. vol. 44. no. 10. pp. 71 1-715 1987 DOCUMENT TYPE- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Stat. Med.. 39500 Tavaux. France LANGUAGE- English In 1980 a prospective exposed/non-exposed cohort study was initiated in France by the Instltut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medieale (INSERM u 287) to evaluate tne association between mortality ana cancer morbidity ana occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). Eighteen (1 multiplied by 6%) and 15 (1 multiplied by 4%) cases of cancer were reported among exposed and non-exposed subjects, respectively (NS). One case of angiosarcoma of the liver occurred among the exposed group; six cases of lung cancer occurred among exposed subjects and two among non-exposed subjects (NS). The percentage of diseases of the circulatory system was higher in the exposed group than in the non-exposed group: this difference was explained mainly by the high incidence of Raynaud's disease. The percentages of diseases of the respiratory system did not differ between the two groups. 43. Migration of an organo-tin stabilizer from polyvinyl chloride film to food and food simulating liquids. - 38-02 16S3730 Schwope, A. D.; Till, D. E.; Schwartz. P. S.; Reid. R. C. EhnthoIt. D. J.: Sidman. K. R.; Whelan. R. H.; JOURNAL NAME- DTSCH. LEBENSM.-RUNDSCH. vol. 32. no. 9, pp. 277-282 1986 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AFFILIATION- Arthur D. Little. Inc.. Acorn Park. Cambridge. MA 02140. USA LANGUAGE- English AUTHOR The migration of the organo-tin stabilizer di(n-octyl) tin S.S'-bis (isoocty1mercaptoaeatate) from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to foods and food simulating liquids (FSL) was measured. The stabilizer was radiolaoeiea and blended to an initial concentration of aDout 1.8 weight percent. The FSL studied were water, 3% acetic acid, 100, 50 and 8% ethanol, corn oil, and n-heptane. The temperature was 49 degree C. Foods included milk, cola, wine, whiskey, margarine, mayonnaise, and cheese. Except for the semisol id foods, migration was continuous with no indication of cessation. 44. Early detection and signs of hepatoangiosarcoma among vinyl chloride workers. - 87-11 1612257 Sugita. M.; Masuda, Y.; Tsuchiya, K. JOURNAL NAME- AM. J. IND. MED. vol. lO, no. 4. pp. 411-417 1986 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Public Health. Sch. Med., Tokai Unw. , Boseidai, Isehara-shi , Kanagawa-ken 259-11, Japan LANGUAGE- English Health examinations of 108 workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) at a Japanese chemical plant were carried out in 1979. Examinations assessed data on age, height, weight, obesity index, sake consumption, VCM exposure concentration, latent period, cumulative exposure. ICG (inaocyano green test), serum bilirubin. GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase). GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase). A1-P (alkaline phosphatase), GGT( gamma -glutamyl transpeptiCase). ZTT (zinc turbidity test). LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), cholesterol, TTT (thymol turbidity test), A/G (albumin globulin ratio), and thrombocytes. Variation in VCM exposure did not affect tests of pigment excretion from the liver, such as ICG; thrombocytes; and enzyme activity (such as GPT); nor bilirubin or flocculation reaction in serum. 4S. Respiratory effects of work in retail stores: II. Respiratory symptoms. - 87-10 1591794 Wegman. D. H.; Eisen. E. A.; Smith, T. J.; Greaves. I. A.; Fine, L. J. JOURNAL NAME- SCAND- J- WORK ENVIRON. HEALTH. vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 209-212 1987 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Sch. Public Health, univ. California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA LANGUAGE- English This study examined the relationships between the prevalence of respiratory tract symptoms and estimates of environmenta1 exposures in retail food stores, in particular exposures to emissions from the cutting of polyvinyl chloride wrap. When respiratory symptoms were compared with a measure of cumulative exposure, there was evidence that the prevalence of-symptoms of episodic airway narrowing was higher for workers who had been exposed directly or indirectly to meat wrapping operations independent of significant association of these symptoms with allergic or asthmatic history. Whether this finding reflects a nonspecific irritant effect or allergic sensitization cannot be determined from these data. No single substance present in -- the work environment studied nas, as, yet. been identified as associated with these effects. 46. The vinyl chloride-derived nucleoside, N super(2),3-ethenoguanoslne, is a highly efficient mutagen in transcription. - 87-08 1555315 Singer, B.; Spengler. s. J.; Chavez, F.; Kusmierek. j. T. JOURNAL NAME- CARCINOGENESIS. vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 745-747 1987 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Donner Lab., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Univ. California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA LANGUAGE- English N super(2),3-Ethenoguanine (N super(2).3- epsilon G) was recently identified in the A VRD 0002039522 VRD 0002039523 liver of vinyl chi oride-exposed rats. The authors have now synthesized the nucleoside and the 5'-diphosphate which was copolymemzed with CDP. The deoxypolynucleotide complement, synthesized by AMV reversed transcriptase contained, in addition to dG. dC and dT. The total pyrimidine content was approximately equivalent to the N super(2),3- epsilon G content of the template. Incorporation of dC is neither lethal nor mutagenic, while dT incorporation represents a mutagenic event, occurring with similar to 10% frequency. N super(2).3- epsilon G multiplied by dT base pairs can hay^twc hydrogen bonds with minimal helical distortion, as is also the case for N super(2),3- epsilon G. C base pairs. N super(2).3- epsilon G is the only derivative formed in vivo by the human carcinogen, vinyl chloride, that can be snown to have a high probability of causing transitions which could initiate malignant transformation. 47. Utilization of 1. N super(6)-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate during ONA synthesis on natural templates, catalyzed by DNA polymerase 2 of Escherichia coli). - 87-07 1537947 Revich, G. G.; Beattie. K. L. JOURNAL NAME- CARCINOGENESIS. vol. 7, no. 9, pp. journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Verna and Mams McLean Oep. Biochem. , Baylor Coll . LANGUAGE- English 1569-1576 1966 DOCUMENT TYPE- Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Med.. Houston. TX 77030. USA To test whether vinyl chi oriae-1nducea mutagenesis might involve ambiguous base pairing of 1 N super( 6 )-etneno-adem ne ( epsilon A) during DNA synthesis, the authors examined tne case pairing potential of epsilon dATP during ONA synthesis catalyzed by Escherichia coli) DNA polymerase I. Despite the fact that the etheno Dridge completely blocks normal Watson-Crick pairing of epsilon A with T. we observed that epsilon dATP could substitute for dATP during primer elongation (although inefficiently). In addition, detectable substitution of epsilon dATP for dGTP and dCTP occurred, indicating that epsilon A exhibits ambiguous base pairing properties. The relative ease of epsilon dAMP incorporation (opposite template T, C and G) appeared to vary considerably at different positions along tne template. 46. In vitro studies on the metabolism and covalent binding of ( super(14)C)1,1-dichlor- oethylene by mouse liver, kidney and lung. - 87-07 1537899 Okine, L. K.; Gram, T. E. JOURNAL NAME- BIOCHEM. PHARMACOL. vol. 35. TYPE- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- AFFILIATION- Nat 1. Cancer Inst., Natl. Inst. MD 20892. USA LANGUAGE' English no. 16. pp. 2789-2795 1986 Analytical, Serial AUTHOR HeaItn, Build. 37. Rm. 5B-22, OOCUMENT Bethesda, The metabolism and covalent binding of i,1-d1 chioro(1,2- super(14)C)ethy1ene (DCS) to subeellular fractions of liver, kidney and lung of C57BL/6N mice nave been investigated in vitro. Covalent binding was NAOPH- and cytochrome P-450-oependent. The microsomal fraction bound more radiolabel than any other subeellular fraction, and the levels of covalent binding in cell fractions correlated well with their cytochrome P-450 content. Covalent binding by mouse liver and lung microsomes also reflected their cytochrome P-450 content. However, although mouse kidney microsomes contained twice as much total cytochrome P-450 as the lung, no detectable covalent binding of DCE-derlved radioactivity occurred in kidney. Omission of NADPH, neat inactivation of microsomes. carbon monoxide, addition of SKF-525A, pipenonyl putoxide on reduced glutathione (GSH), all inhibited (40-90%) covalent binding of radiolabel to liver and lung microsomes. 49. A scientific basis for the risk assessment of vinyl chloride. - 87-07 1530781 Swaen, G. M. H.; de Hollander. A. E. M.; Kroes, R.; den Engelse. L.; Mulder, G. j.; verbeek. a. l. m.; verscnuuren. H. G.; Vogel. E. w.; van dar wielen. a. w. JOURNAL NAME- REGUL. TOXICOL. PHARMACOL. vol. 7, no. 1. pp. 120-127 1987 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dap. Occup. Med., Univ. Limburg. P. 0. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht. Netherlands LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- 0 LANGUAGE- English In July 1984 the Minister of Welfare. Public Health and Culture, representing the Dutch government, sent a request to the Health Council of The Netherlands to advise on the health risks presented by environmental exposure to several carcinogenic substances. One of these substances was vinyl chloride (VC). On the basis of a working document prepared by the National Institute of Public Health and Env1ronmenta1 Hygiene, a committee of the Health Council of The Netherlands prepared / a report concerning a health risk assessment of VC which was published in May 1986. A 6hort review is presented of the available data and the considerations that formed the basis for the risk assessment of the careinogenicity of VC to humans. The advice was based mainly on human data from epidemiological studies of workers occupationally exposed to VC. The committee concludes that continuous exposure to 0.001 mg/m super(S) VC corresponds to an additional cancer mortality risk of 10 super(-6) per lifetime. The Dutch government considers this additional risk to the general population to be acceptable. 50. Quantitative histochemistry of benzaldehyde dehydrogenase in hepatocellular carcinomas of vinyl chloride-treated rats. - 87-01 1423511 Chieco. P.; Normanni, P.; Moslen, M. T.; Maltoni. C. JOURNAL NAME- J. HIST0CHEM. CYT0CHEM. vol. 34, no. 2. pp. 151-158 1986 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Chem. Pathol. Lao., Dep. Pathol., Univ. Texas Med. Branch. Galveston. TX 77550, USA LANGUAGE- English Hepatocarcinogenesis in rats treated with several chemicals is associated with changes in aldehyde dehydrogenase (A1DH) activity, particularly neterogeneous expression of a "tumor specific" phenotype that is very active with aromatic aldehydes, e.g., benzaldehyde (Bz). Objectives of this study were first, to determine if liver cancers in vinyl chi oride-treated rats also expressed this A1DH phenotype, and second, to quantitate the NAO- and NADP-aependent A1DH activity for the substrates Bz and acetaldehyde (Ac) in the cancers and surrounding tissue. All five carcinomas had heterogeneous staining of NADP- and NAD-dependent BzOH and AcDH activity, with clusters of very high-activity cells. More neoplastic cells had high BzDH than high AcDH activity. Only BzDH-NADP was localized predominantly to the carcinoma. 51. Two stages of cancerogenes1s Induced by implantation of foreign objects. - 86-12 1408199 Moyzhess. T. G.; Vasilyev. Yu. M. JOURNAL NAME- BYULL. EXP. BIOL. MED. VO 1 . 101, no. 5. pp. 604-605 1986 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- All-Union Cancer Res. Cent.. Acad. Med. Sci. USSR. Moscow. USSR LANGUAGE- Russian Replacement of non-perforated polyvinylchloride films 3.5 months after implantation to CBA mice by perforated polyviny1ch1 oride films or by millipore filters with 0.45 mu m pores led to the development of sarcoma at the site of implantation in 37.0 and 21.4% of cases, respectively. The implantation of only perforated films let to the development of sarcoma in 6.9% of cases; tne implantation of filters failed to induce tumour growtn. The latent period of tumour development can be divided into two stages. The first stage occurs in the presence of non-perforated film; the second stage ensues in the presence of non-cancerogenic films. Complete removal of films 6 months after implantation prevented tumour development. Non-perforated films serve as initiating agents; non-cancerogenic films act as protectors. 52. Phthalate ester exposure-air levels and health of workers processing polyvinylchloride. - 86-12 1407499 Nielsen, J.; Aakesson, B.; Skerfving, S. JOURNAL NAME- AM. IND. HYG. ASSOC. J. vol. 46. no. 11. pp. 643-647 1985 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Occup. Med.. University Hosp.. S-221 65 Lund. Sweden LANGUAGE- English Exposure to phthalle acid esters (PAE: mainly dl-(2-ethylhexyl), diisodecyl and butylbenzyl phthelates) of workers in a polyvinyl chloride processing industry ranged from 0.02 to 2 mg/m super(3) in different Job categories. The workers excreted slightly but significantly higher levels of PAE metabolites in urine than controls. In 54 workers studied clinically, there were no indications of peripheral nerve or respiratory system effects. Seme biochemical tests were abnormal; these should be studied further. A RD 0002039525 53. Statistical modeling of animal bioassay data with variable dosing regimens: Example--vinyl chloride. - 86-10 1372933 Brown. K. G.: Hoel. 0. G. JOURNAL NAME- RISK ANAL. vol. 6, no. 2. pp. 155-166 1986 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Pes Triangle Inst.. P. 0. Box 12194. Research Triangle Par*. NC 27709. USA LANGUAGE- English The authors consider animal bioassay experiments with variade dosing regimens in which groups of animals are dosed beginning at different ages and for varying durations. Two response models are discussed and aoplied tc data from an experiment on vinyl chloride exposure of F-344 rats, B6C3F1 ana Swiss CD-I mice, ana Syrian Golden hamsters, a multistage model is used to estimate the aose effect on the oroerea stages of tumor development. The data for all endpoints and species/strains examined consistently indicate a predominant effect on the 'irst stage, suggesting vinyl chloride is primarily a tumor initiator. This is consistent with evidence from two-stage experiments on this chemical. The second response model adjusts for survival nonparametr1ca11y. It is used to test for an age difference in susceptibility, to evaluate alternative exposure durations, and to compare the effectiveness of alternative dosing regimens for detecting carcinogenicity. 54. The value of some cytoenzymoehemical investigations of the leukocytes and platelets in estimating the effects of occupational exposure to benzene, vinyl chloride and carbon disulphide. - 86-10 1354880 Micu, D.: Mihailescu, E.; Vilau. C.; Tarpa, A.; Chircu. v.; Zgoanta. C. JOURNAL NAME- REV. RDUM. MED.. MED. INTERNE. vo1. 23. no. 2. pp. 115-120 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial LANGUAGE- English 1985 Cytoenzymochermca1 investigations were performed on the leukocytes end platelets from 2,782 workers occupationally exposed to benzene, vinyl chloride or carbon disulphide, in view of detecting the eventual occurrence of cytometadolic disorders induced by these chemical substances. The results obtained demonstrate the utility of such tests for an early detection of some metabolic disorders of the endolymphocytic proteins, carbohydrates or lipids, in view o* preventing the occurrence of more severe pathologic consequences. 55. Application of the "filter model" to a risk assessment for vinyl chloride. - 86-07 1246050 Olson, c. S.: Schaeffer, D. J. JOURNAL NAME- J. TOXICOL. ENVIRON. HEALTH. vol. 17. no. 1, op. 1-22 1986 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- CERL (EN). P. 0. Box 4005, Champaign, IL 61820. USA LANGUAGE- English The filter model was used to estimate thresholds for the induction of cancer from many dose-response sets for inhalation and ingestion exposure to vinyl chloride for rat and inhalation exposure for mouse. Estimates for a variety of end-point combinations were log-normally distributed over about 2 decaoes from about i to 100 ppm for inhalation exposure to rat and 0.1 to 30 ppm for mouse. When the data is transformed to "dose" (milligrams per kilogram body weight pe- day), the estimates for inhalation and ingestion exposure and also for rat and mouse are similar. Estimates for different experiments carried out for different durations of time (single exposure to i yr) are comparable. Since the threshold is an intrinsic property of the biological system, the estimate, even from a protocol for short exposure and less than lifetime observation, can be used directly in a risk assessment as the maximum safe dose. 56. Effect of vinyl chloride on testis in rats. - 86-04 1154044 61. W.-F.; wang, y.-S.; Huang, M.-Y,; Meng, D.-S. JOURNAL NAME- ECOTOXICOL. ENVIRON. SAF. vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 281-289 1985 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. Health, China Natl. Cent- Prev. Med., Beijing, People's Rep. China LANGUAGE- English A total of 300 male adult Wistar rats were used. Animals were divided into four groups; control, vinyl chloride (VC) 10-, 100-, and SOOO-ppm exposed groups. After 9t60Z000 IftA / exposure to VC, the organ and body weight ratio, such as the kidney, liver, spleen, and heart were increased, but those of the testis were decreased in the experimental groups in the sixth month. The weights of testis were decreased and damage of testicular seminiferous tubules were found in rats by histopathological examination. Incidence of damage of testicular seminiferous tubules in the control , 10-, 100-, and 300O-ppm grouDS were 1B.S, 29.7, 36.5, and 56 0%, respectively. There was an obvious dose-response relation between the concentration of VC and the incidence of testis damage, with a correlation coefficient of 0.993. 57. Clinical studies of workers exposed to polyvinylchloride dust. - 86-04 1142788 Soutar, C. A.; Gauld, S. JOURNAL NAME- THORAX. vol. 38, no. 11. pp. 834-839 1983 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. Occup. Med., 8 Roxburgh Place, Edlnburgn EH6 9SU, UK LANGUAGE- English A previous study showed that exposure of workers to polyviny1 chi or 1de (PVC) dust was associated with the presence of small rounded opacities in tne chest radiograph, and also with a small average reduction of tne forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV sup(i)). Studies have now Peen carried out on selected men to determine the clinical importance of the presence of small rounded opacities and also to identify any clinical or physiological features associated with PVC dust exposure. Among 28 men with small rounded opacities, complaints of persistent bronchial mucous hypersecret ion were more common (nine men) than among 29 men of similar age, smoking habits, and dust exposures, and there was a suggestion that the physical sign of late inspiratory crackles was more frequent among men with opacities than tne other men. The authors conclude that these findings are consistent with the suggestion that the radiographic abnormalities caused Py PVC dust exposure are not associated with important functional effects or clinical illness. Further studies are desirable to examine the eventual outcome of the syndrome. 58. Angiosarcoma of the liver and other occupational diseases in vinyl chloride workers. - 86-02 1111443 Halama, J.; Becker-Stone, S.; Ha lama, J. M. JOURNAL NAME- RADIOLOGE. vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 22-29 1985 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Radioonkoiog. Klin.. Stadtkrankenhaus Offenbach a. M., Starkenburgrtng 66, D-6050 Offenbach a. M. FRG LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- 0 LANGUAGE- German Occupational diseases resulting from exposure to vinyl chloride (VC) include angiosarcoma of the liver and other neoplasms Among workers exposed to VC we have found capillary abnormalities in the extremities, with scleroderma ana Raynaud syndrome, acro-osteolys1s, neurological and psychiatric diseases and chromosome abnormalit1es, as well as abnormal liver metabolism and haematological findings. 59. Comparison of the impact of continuous and intermittent exposure to vinyl chloride, including phenotoarPItal effect. - 66-02 1108418 jedrychowsk1, R. A.; Sokal, j. A.; Chmielnicka, J. JOURNAL NAME- J. HYG. EPIDEMIOL. MICROBIOL. IMMUNOL. vol. 29. no. 2. pp. 111-120 1985 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. Occup. Med., Dep. Toxicol. Eval.. 90-950 Lodz. P. 0. Box 199, Poland LANGUAGE- English Rats were subjected to 4 h continuous and intermittent exposure to vinyl chloride (VC) at the time-weighted average concentration of 50,000 mg/m super(3). The studies were focussed on: body weight, liver weight, activity of enzymes in the blood serum, activity of glutathione S-transferase In the liver cytoplasmatic and microsomal fraction, content of free non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) in the liver and urinary excretion of thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA). VC exposure, both continuous and 1ntermlttent, resulted in a decrease of body weight, NPSH depletion in the liver ana TDGA urinary excretion. PB effects were manifested by the persistent decrease in rats' body weight, increase In the liver weight, increase in the cytoplasmatic activity of glutathione S-transferase in the liver and increase in TDGA urinary excretion. With none of the tested parameters, except TDGA, statistically significant differences between the continuous and intermittent VC exposure at the same time-weighted average concentration of 50.000 mg/m super(3), were found. VRD 0002039527 60. Use of serum bile acids in the identification of vinyl chloride hepatotoxicity. 85-09 0995125 Liss, G. M,; Greenberg. R. A.; Tamburro. C. H. JOURNAL NAME- AM. J. MEO- vol. 78. no. 1. pp. 68-76 1985 Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial Spec. Stud, ana Serv. Branch, Mirnst. Labour, 400 University Canada LANGUAGE- English DOCUMENT TYPEAUTHOR AFFILIATIONAve., Toronto, Ont.. Most previous studies proposing serum bile acids as indicators of hepatic function have been performed in hospitalized patients in whom overt symptomatic liver disease was present. The ability of fasting levels of serum bile acids to identify mild, clinically inapparent chemical liver injury in an occupational setting was compared with that of indocyanine green clearance and routine biochemical liver tests in 67 asymptomatic chemical workers in whom liver biopsies had been performed for medical indicatios. Histologically. 15 were found to nave chemical liver injury. 27 had nonchemical liver disease, and 25 were normal. Two serum bile acids, eholy1glyc1ne and conjugates of cholic acid, were determined by radioimmunoassay, using 466 "normal" males from the same worker cohort as a reference range. The data identify the fasting level of serum bile acids as a clinically usable indicator of early chemical injury in chemically exposed asymptomatic worker populations with liver dysfunction. 61. Bronchitis in relation to work. - 85-08 0978732 Seaton. A. EDITOR- Kuppa, K. JOURNAL NAME- SCAND. J. WORK ENVIRON. HEALTH. vol. 10, no. 6. pp. 471-472 1984 OOCUMENT TYPE- Book Monograph MONOGRAPH TITLE- PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF RESEARCH ON WORK-RELATED DISEASES. ESPOO, FINLAND, 4-8 JUNE 1984. BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Monographic. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. Occup. Med., 8 Roxburgh Place. Edinburgh EH8 9SU, Scotland, UK LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 4-8 Jun 1984 CONFERENCE TITLE- International Symposium of Research on Work-Related Diseases (Finland) LANGUAGE- English CONFERENCE LOCATION- Espoo The term bronchitis means different things to different people, work-related bronchitis might include acute irritation or allergic syndromes or cnronlc cough and airway obstruction. The investigation of such episodes varies according to the suspected problem -- acute symptoms are investigated in the individual and followed up if necessary epidemiologiea11y, while chronic disease requires an epidemiologic approach. Examples of investigations on soldering, polyvinyl chloride manufacturing, and coal mining are quoted. 62. Across-shift changes In the pulmonary function of meat-wrappers and other workers In the retail food industry. - 85-08 0976733 Eisen, E. A.; Wegman, D- H.; Smith, T. j. JOURNAL NAME- SCAND. J. WORK ENVIRON. HEALTH. vol. 11. no. 1. pp. 21-26 1985 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Occup. Health Program. Harvard Sch. Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave.. Boston, MA 02115, USA LANGUAGE- Engl 1sh The objective ef this study was to evaluate the acute respiratory effects of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) emissions in the retail food industry. In particular, the aim was to improve on previous estimates of effect by controlling for confounding in the analysis. Pulmonary function was measured before, during, and after the end of the workshift In 83 workers in the retail food industry. All acute changes In forced expiratory volume in 1 s were standardized for lung si2e before the magnitude of the changes were compared between the workers exposed and unexposed to the use ef hot wires for cutting plastic film. No association was found between acute drop In pulmonary function and either direct or indirect exposure in the absence of a history of asthma or allergy to inhaled materials. The borderline significance of an interaction term between exposure and asthma/allergy in a regression analysis suggests that workers with a history of asthma or atopy may have an acute response to hot-wire wrapping emissions. 63. Pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in polyvinylchloride fabrication workers. - 85*08 0875615 Baser, M. E.; Tockman. M. s.: Kennedy, T. P. JOURNAL NAME- AM. REV. RESP1R. DIS. vo1. 131. no. 2. pp. 203-208 1985 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Environ. Health Sci., Johns Hopkins Sch. Hyg. and Public Health. 615 N. Wolfe St.. Rm. 7032. Baltimore. MO 21205. USA LANGUAGE- English The authors performed preshift and postshift spirometry and administered a standardized respiratory symptoms ousstionnsire to 174 unite males currently employed in polyviny1 chi oriae fabrication to examine the acute and chronic respiratory effects of work exposure. Although there were no significant differences between the In-plant comparison group ana any department with potential exposures, there was evidence for respiratory effects in the combined group of comparison and exposed workers. In the combined group, duration of employment was significantly associated with decrements in adjusted cross-shift ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV suo(i)/FVC), presnift FEV sub(i)/FVC, and prevalence of chronic cough and chronic phlegm. In nonsmokers, the prevalences of chronic wheeze ana chest tightness were high. The age-adjusted prevalence of chrome wheeze in nonsmokers was also elevated 3.54-fold when compared with that in a community study in the literature. 64. Vinyl ehlorIda induced hepatic angiosarcoma. - 85-01 0831447 Louagie. Y. A.; Glanello. P.: Kestens. P. J.; Bontlea, F.; Haot. J. G. JOURNAL NAME- BR. J. SURG. vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 322-323 1SB4 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journa1 Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- 20 Ave. d'Huart (bte 3). 1150 Brussels, Belgium LANGUAGE- English The relationship between viny1 chi oride exposure ana human angiosarcoma of the liver <ASL) received attention in 1973 when a case of this rare tumour was diagnosed at autopsy. 65. Epidemiological study of the lung function of workers at a factory manufacturing polyvi rtylchloride. - 85-01 0830808 Lloyo. M. H.; Gauld, s.; Coplena, L.; Soutar. C. A. JOURNAL NAME- BR. J. IND. MED. vo1. 41, no. 3. pp. 328-333 1984 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. Occup. Med., Edinburgh EH8 9SU, UK LANGUAGE- English A preliminary epidemiological study has been carried out to investigate a report that some men working in a factory manufacturing polyvinylchloride (PVC) had abnormally low values of the single breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (T sub(L)CO). The distribution of standardised T sud(L)C0 results from all persons examined was symmetrical and did not indicate an unexpectedly high proportion of men with clinically important impairment of T sub(L)C0. The results of a case-control study showed that, having allowed for age, height, weight, ana smoking habit, T sub(L)C0 was associated with a history of working in tne PVC factory before 1975. and slightly associated with working In jobs where exposure to vinlyehloride monomers (VCM) was likely to have Deen highest. The men with low T suD(L)C0 also tended to have smoked more heavily than controls The relative importance of occupational factors and smoking in relation to low T sub(L)C0 is not clear, but the results give some support to the hypothesis that work in the PVC factory before 1975 entailed exposure to a substance that caused impairment of lung function in a small number of men. 66. Two cases of liver angiosarcoma among polyvinyl chloride (PVC) extruders of an Italian factory producing PVC bags and othar containers. - 84-02 0813765 Maltonl, C-; Clinl, C.; Vielnl, F.; Masina, A. JOURNAL NAME- AM. J. IND- MED. vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 297-302 1984 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Bologna Inst. Oncol.. Viale Ereolani 4/2, 40138 Bologna, Italy LANGUAGE- English Two cases are reported of liver angiosarcoma occurring among polyvinyl chloride (PVC) extruders from a small Italian factory producing PVC bags and other containers, The possibility tnat PVC extrusion carries a risk of liver angiosarcoma is important because of the very large number of people working with extruding, A VRD 0002039528 VRD 0002039529 manufacturing ana nandling PVC. as compared with the numDer of people working in PVC polymer1zation and/or VC production. In the past, the level of vinyl chloride (VC> concentration in PVC extrusion workplaces has been thought to be "safe." 67. Assessment of mutagenic efficiency of two carcinogen-modified nucleosides, i.n super<6)-ethenodeoxyadenosine and 0 super(4)-methyldeoxythymidine, using polymerases of varying fidelity. - 84-02 0806954 Singer. B-; Abbott, L. G.; Spengler, S. J. JOURNAL NAME- CARCINOGENESIS. vo1. 5, no. 9. pp. 1165-1171 1984 DOCUMENT TYPE- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Lab. Chem. Biodyn. and Space Sci. Lab., Berkeley, CA 94720. USA LANGUAGE- English In this paper, the authors compare tne mutational effectiveness of both l,N super(6)-ethenodeoxyadenoinse ( epsilon dA) and 0 super(4}-methyldeoxythymidine (0 super(4)-MedT) using transcription and replication by polymerases of high ana low fidelity. They also describe some effects of chioroacetaldehyde treatment of poly d(A-T). Terminal deoxynucleotidy1 transferase (TdT) was used to prepared copolymers of dA and epsilon dA. When used as templates for Eschericnia coli) DNA polymerase I (Pol I) and compared with poly (dA). normal dTTP incorporation was not significantly affected Py the presence of 7% epsilon dA. It is suggested that epsilon d* generally does not prevent dT incorporation but behaves as a bulky lesion wmch is bypassed. In contrast to the low mutagenic efficiency of epsilon dA. 0 super(4)-MedT. in copolymers with dA, directed the misincorporation of 1 dG/12 0 super(4)-MedT with Pol I and i dG/3 0 super)4)-MedT with reverse transcr1ptase. The data are in agreement with the previous reported mutagenicity of 0 super(4)-MedT in alternating poly d(A-T, m super(4)T). 68. Preventive measures against occupational hazards in the PVC production industry. 84-02 0782264 Tarkovski. S. EDITOR- Jaervisalo. U.; Pfaeffli, P.: Vaimo, H. JOURNAL NAME- PROG. CLIN. BIOL. RES. vo1. 141, pp. 177-189 1984 00CUMENT TYPE- Book Monograph MONOGRAPH TITLE- INDUSTRIAL HA2ARDS OF PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC ELASTOMERS. BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Monographic. Serial ISBN- 0-8451-0141-2 AUTHOR AFFILIATION- WHO. Reg. Off. Europe, Copenhagen. Denmark LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- k CONFERENCE DATE- 22-27 Nov 1982 CONFERENCE TITLE- International Symposium on Occupational Hazards Related to Plastics and Synthetic Elastomers CONFERENCE LOCATION- Espoo (Finland) LANGUAGE- English Only recently have experimental studies and clinical observations shown that multiple systemic disorders can be evoked by exposure to VCM. In direct contact, vinyl chloride is a skin irritant. Such contact with the liquid may cause frostbite after evaporation. Severe eye irritation may also occur. Exposure to high concentrations of VCM causes depression of tne central nervous system. Symptoms such as nausea and disorders of vision and auditory response were observed after acute exposure to VCM at concentrations from 10,000 ppm to 25,000 ppm. 69. Occupational hazards In the VC-PVC industry. - 84-02 0792241 Nicholson, w. J.; HenneDerger, p. K.; Pfaeff11, P.: vainio, H. Seldman, H. EDITOR- Jaervisalo, J.; JOURNAL NAME- PROG. CLIN. BIOL. RES. vol. 141. pp. 155-175 1984 DOCUMENT TYPE- Book Monograph MONOGRAPH TITLE- INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS OF PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC ELASTOMERS. BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Monographic, Serial ISBN- 0-845 i-0141-2 AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Environ. Sci. Lab., Mount Sinai, Sen. Med., CUNY. New York, NY 10029, USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 22-27 Nov 1982 CONFERENCE TITLE- Internet 1onal Symposium on Occupational Hazards Related to Plastics and Synthetic Elastomers CONFERENCE LOCATION- Espoo (Finland) LANGUAGE- English Overall, the results of tne analysis of 12 studies of VC production and polymerization workers demonstrate an enormously elevated risk of liver malignancies, the possibility of a twofold increased risk of brain ana central nervous system tumors and perhaps, also, of malignancies of tne lymphatic and hematopoietic system. However, the role of other agents cannot be excluded in the etiology of nonhepatic malignancies. Bronchogenic carcinoma does not appear to be increased from exposures to VC monomer, although a relationship to PVC dust was suggested in one study. These conclusions must be considered in light of limited data on workers followed more than 25 years from onset of exposure. 70. Trends in cancer mortality among workers in the synthetic polymers industry. - 84-02 0782214 Nicholson, w. J.: Henneberger, P. K.; Pfaeffii, o vainio, h. Tarr, D. EDITOR- Jaervisalo. J.; JOURNAL NAME- PROG. CLIN. BIOL. RES. vol 141. pp. 65-78 1984 DOCUMENT TYPE- Book Monograph MONOGRAPH TITLE- INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS OF PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC ELASTOMERS. BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Monographic. Serial ISBN- 0-845 1-0141-2 AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Environ. Sci. Lab., Mount Sinai Seh. Med., City Univ. New York. New York, NY 10029, USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 22-27 Nov 1982 CONFERENCE TITLE- International Symposium on Occupational Hazaras Related to Plasties and Synthetic Elastomers CONFERENCE LOCATION- Espoo (Finland) LANGUAGE- English A high risk of death from liver MSA has been documented from past exposures to VC. Similar tc other carcinogens, the risk of VC-inouceo liver HSA appears to increase as the second or third power of time from onset of exposure. It is possible to project future mortality using this power re 1 ationship, estimates of VC exposure, and observeo mortality to 1980. These projections suggest that 200-600 deaths may occur in the United States and 550-2,800 in Western Europe from liver HSA. These projections also suggest that a 1 ppm standaro in tne YC industry win go far to protecting workers from future malignant disease. 71. Toxicity of the components of poly(vinylchloride) polymers additives. - 84-02 0792184 FishDem, l EDITOR- Jaervisalo, J.; Pfaeffli, P.; Vainio. H. JOURNAL NAME- PROG. CLIN. BIOL. RES. vol. 141. pp. 113-135 1984 DOCUMENT TYPE- Book Monograph MONOGRAPH TITLE- INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS OF PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC ELASTOMERS. BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Monographic. Serial ISBN- 0-8451-0141-2 AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Health and Hum. Serv., FDA, Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res.. Jefferson, AR 72079, USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 22-27 Nov 1982 CONFERENCE TITLE- International Symposium on Occupational Hazaras Related to Plastics and Synthetic Elastomers CONFERENCE LOCATION- Espoo (Finland) LANGUAGE- English The major oojectlve of this overview is to highlight the toxicological aspects of a numoer of tne major additives used in PVC production and processing, representative of a spectrum of use categories, principally plastiziers. stabilizers, initiators and flame retardants. This admittedly represents but a small fraction of the chemical suDstances employed within the 14 classes of additives used in synthetic polymers noted earlier In this issue. 72. The toxicology of monomers of the polyvinyl plastic series. - 84-02 0792108 HoimPerg, . EDITOR- Jaervisa1o, J.: Pfaeff1i, P . ; Vainio, H. JOURNAL NAME- PROG. CLIN. BIOL. RES. vol. 141, pp. 99-112 1984 DOCUMENT TYPE- Book Monograph MONOGRAPH TITLE- INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS OF PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC ELASTOMERS. BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Monographic, Serial ISBN- 0-845 1-014i-2 AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Natl. Board Occup. Saf. and Health, Unit Oeeup. __ Toxicol. Res. Dep., S-17184 Solna. Sweden LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 22-27 Nov 1982 CONFERENCE TITLEr International Symposium on Occupational Hazards Related to Plastics ana Synthetic Elastomers CONFERENCE LOCATION- Espoo (Finland) LANGUAGE- English -- Among the thermoplastics, the polyvinyl series is of great commercial and technical importance. The series can be divided into three main groups (1979): Polyvinyl chloride (homopolymer), vinyl chloride copolymers. Polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetals, polyvinyl ethers. Of these, the homopolymer ana the copolymers vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride are commercially the most important. The monomers used in these two groups are also the most studied in terms of toxicity compared to the other monomers belonging to the series. A VRD 0002039530 VRD 0002839531 73. Assessment of early hepatotoxieity. 64-01 07S4206 Vihko. R.; Vihkc. P.; Maentausta. 0.; Pakarinen, A.; EDITOR- Aitio, A.; Riihimaki, V.; Vainio, H. Janne, 0.; Yrjanneikk). E. PC. 309-314 1984 DOCUMENT TYPE- Book Monograph MONOGRAPH TITLE- BIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO CHEMICALS. BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Monographic ISBN- 0-B9116-2S3-4 AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dec. Clin. Cham., Univ. Oulu, SF-90220 Oulu 22, Finland CONFERENCE DATE- 4-9 Aug 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Internationa1 Course on Biological Monitoring of Exposures to Industrial Chemicals CONFERENCE LOCATION- Espoo (Finland) LANGUAGE- English The liver plays the major role in the Diotransformation and disposition of environmental agents. It is therefore to be expected that if an environmental chemical is harmful to the liver, sensitive indicators may be needed to reveal a possible early hepatotoxicity deriving from sucn a low-dose exposure. The authors concentrate on the importance of serum bile function, in groups of subjects exposed to one of tne following chemicals of their mixtures: atyrene, a number of organic solvents, polyvinyl chloride, and vinyl chloride monomer, 74. A comparative review of the combustion toxicity of polyvinyl chloride. - 84-01 0737120 Hinderer, R K. JOURNAL NAME- J. FIRE SCI. vo1. 2. no. 1, pc. 82-83 1984 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- F. Goodrich CO.. Environ. Health Dep. , 500 S. Main St., Akron. Or. 44318, USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- 0 LANGUAGE- English B. NO-ABSTRACT 75. An evaluation of smoke toxicity and toxic hazard of electrical nonmetallic tubing combustion products. - 84-01 0737113 Packham, $ C.: Crawford, M. 8. JOURNAL NAME- J. Journal Article Betr Sci., Inc.. English FIRE SCI. vol. 2. no. 1, pp. 37-59 1984 DOCUMENT TYPE- BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- 996 South 1500 E.. Salt Lake City, UT 84105, USA LANGUAGE- Smail-scale smoke toxicity tests were performed on polyviny1 chi oriae-based electrical nonmetallic tubing (PVC/ENT) using tne National Bureau of Standards (NBS) protocol for nonflaming combustion. An LC sub(50) of 28.5 mg/L was determined, placing PVC/ENT smoke in a toxicity category comparable to smoke from wood. Four large-scale tests were conducted in a 21.734-L room (8 x 12 x 8 ft). In tests involving 18 to 30 linear in. of PVC/ENT with ana without fuel-contributing heat sources, it was learned that: a) 30 in. of PVC/ENT developed a 3.3-mg/L smoke concentration and an insufficient HC1 concentration to cause death or significant symptoms in test animals (rats) and b) in the presence of a relatively small fire (5-lb wood crib), heat and carbon monoxide became life-limiting prior to HC1. 76. Angiosarooma and hepatocellular carcinoma in vinyl chloride workers. - 84-01 0736471 Evans, D. M. 0.; Will lams, W. 0.; Kung. I. T. M. JOURNAL Journal Histoi. Engl1sn NAME- HISTOPATHOLOGY. vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 377-388 Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial Dep.. Liandough Hosp., Penarth, Glamorgan CF6 1XX, 1983 DOCUMENT TYPEAUTHOR AFFI LIATIQNWales. UK LANGUAGE- The livers from five vinyl chloride workers are described. They show angioformative and hepatocellular growth disturbance in varying proportions: angiosarcoma in four cases, liver cell hyperplasia in all, hyperplastic nodules in three cases and hepatocellular carcinoma in two cases. In one case, the transition between hyperplastic nodule and hepatocellular carcinoma is demonstrated. The relationship between these changes and vinyl chloride exposure is discussed, with evidence that they are causally related. 77. Incidence of cancer among vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride workers, - 84-oi 0682978 Heidaas, 5. S.; langard, s. l.; Andersen, a. JOURNAL NAME- BR. J. INO. MED. vol. 41. no. 1, pp. 25-30 1984 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial author affiliation- Res. Cent.. Norsk Hyd^o a s Porsgrunn FaDrlkker. 3900 Porsgrunn. Telemark Sentra15jokehus. 3, Norway LANGUAGE- English The results of a follrfw up study of the incidence of cancer and the mortality In a cohort of 454 male workers producing vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride are presented. The study population was restricted to employees with more than one year's work experience in the study plant between 1950 ana 1969 and the cohort was followed up from 1953 to the end of 1979. Twenty three new cases of cancer were observed compared with 20 multiplied by 2 expected; one case of liver angiosarcoma was found. The possibility of a causal relationship between exposure to vinyl chloride and the development of malignant melanomas is discussed. 78. Toxicity of vinyl chloride and poly(vinyl chloride) 0649852 A critical review. - B4-01 wagoner, j. K. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 52. pp. 61-66 1983 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR affilIATION- 8310 Carrleigh Parkway, Springfield. VA 22152, USA LITERARY INOICATOR<S)- KO conference date- 27-29 Apr 1981 CONFERENCE TITLE- 2. Annual Symposium on Environmental Epidemiology English CONFERENCE LOCATION- Pittsburgh, pa (USA) language- In 1974, vinyl chloride (VC) was first reported in the open scientific literature to induce angiosarcoma of the liver doth in humans ana in animals. Additional research has now demonstrated tne carcinogenicity of VC to other organs and at lower concentrations. The target organs for VC now clearly include the liver. Drain and the lung, and probably the lympnonematopoiet1c system. The evidence for a carcinogenic risk has Deen extended to jobs associated with poly(vinyl chloride) exposure. Cases Of liver angiosarcoma have been reported among individuals employed in PVC fabrication facilities ana an epidemiological study nas demonstrated a significant association between exposure to PVC dust and the risk of lung cancer mortality. Cases of angiosarcoma of the liver also nave been reported among individuals living in near proximity to vinyl ch1 orioe-poly(v1ny1 chloride) plants. An association oetween PVC dust and pneumoconiosis also has been demonstrated. On the basis Of findings, prudent control of PVC dust in the industrial setting is indicated. 79. Activity of vinyl chloride monomer in the mouse mieronucleus assay. - 84-01 0642076 Richardson. C. R.; Styles, J. A.; Bennett. I. P. JOURNAL NAME- MUTAT. RES. vol. 124,. no. 2. pp. 139-142 1983 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Impenat Chem. Ind. PLC, Central Toxicol. Lab., Aiderley Edge, Cheshire. UK LANGUAGE- English vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) nas been shown to cause chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lympnocytes taken from people exposed to high levels of the gas and Its has been used as a gaseous positive control rat bone marrow clastogen in several studies m tms laboratory. The micronucleus (MN) test is a widely accepted rapid test for the detection of cytogenetic damage to use in place of conventional chromosomal analysis. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of VCM as a suitable gaseous positive control clastogen in the MN test and compare the sensitivity of C sub(57)Bl/6J mice of both sexes to VCM. 80. Tissue reaction to the Intrapleural injection of polyvinyl chloride powder, alpha -quartz and titanium dioxide. - 84-01 0624194 Grasso, P.: Mason, P. L.; Cameron, W. M.; Sharratt. M. JOURNAL NAME- ANN. OCCUR. HYG. vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 415-42S 1983 Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR Group Occup. Health Cent., British Petroleum Co. PLC. Chertsey Rd.. es, Middlesex TW1 7LN, UK LANGUAGE- English DOCUMENT TYPEAFFILIATIONSunbury-on-Tham- A VRD 0002831532 VRD 0002039533 A comparative study was conducted to assess the potency of three "Ousts" - PVC, alpha -quartz ana titanium dioxide - in producing fibrosis at the site of deposition when administered to rats By tne Intrapleural and intrapentoneal routes. PVC and TiO sub(2) produced little reaction; this consisted mainly of macrophage accumulation with very little fibrosis which reached a peak one week after treatment and showed no evidence of further progress. On the other hand, alpha -quart2 produced a severe reaction which consisted principally of fibrous tissue. The reaction was progressive and showed no sign of coming to rest By the end of the study. 81. Evidence of chloroethyiene oxide being tne reactive metabolite of vinyl chloride towards DNA: Comparative studies with 2.2'-diehlorodiethylether. - 84-01 0623117 Gwinner, L. M.; taiD. R. J.; Filser, J. G.; Bolt, H. M. JOURNAL NAME- CARCINOGENESIS. vol. 4. no. 11, pp. 1483-1486 1983 DOCUMENT Type- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. Arpeitsphysiol., Univ. Oortmuno, Ardeystrasse 67, D-4600 Dortmund 1, FRG LANGUAGE- English The roles of ch!oroethylene oxide (CEO) and chioroaceta1dehyde (CAA) in carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride (VC) have been studied by comparing oiological effects of VC exposure witn those of 2.2'-dichiorodiethyletner (Bis(cnloroethyl)etner. BCEE1 as a metabolic precursor of CAA. Biological endpoints investigated were covalent protein binding, nucleic acid (RNA and DNA) alkylation ana tne potency of the two chemical to induce preneoplastic ATPase-defic1ent foci in rat. From the investigations it is concluded that CEO (which is not formed during metabolism of BCEE and CE). not CAA. is the ultimate carcinogenic principle m VC careinogenicity. 82. Sensitive flame-photometric-deteetor analysis of thiodiglycolic acid in urine as a biological monitor of vinyl chloride. - 84-01 0602018 Chen, 2. Y.; Gu, X. R.; Cui. M. 2.; 2hu. X. X. JOURNAL NAME- INT. ARCH. OCCUR . ENVIRON. HEALTH. vol. 52. no. 3. pp. 281-284 1983 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. Ind. Hyg. & Occup. Dis. Peking, 100020 Peking, People's Rep. China LANGUAGE- English A simple and selective method to detect thiodig1yco1ic acid in urine by f1ame-photometric-detector of gas chromatograph is described. The detection limit of this method is less than 1 ng without disturbances. Urine from 64 subjects exposed to different air concentration of vinyl chloride from 0.3 ppm to more than 100 ppm in three groups and 78 subjects was detected in this way. A comparison of the results of these groups shows significant differences between the control and two exposed groups. 63. Evaluation of the pulmonary toxicity of plasticized polyvinyl chloride thermal deeonposition products in guinea pigs by repeated CO sub(2) challenges. - 83-02 0577128 Wong. K. I.; stock, M. F.; Alarie, V. C. JOURNAL NAME- TOXICOL. APPL. PHARMACOL. vol. 3. no. DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- AFFILIATION- Toxicol. Lab., Oep. Ind. Environ. Health Health, Univ. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA 4, pp, 236-248 1983 Analytical, Serial AUTHOR Sei., Grad. Sch. Public LANGUAGE- English Male guinea pigs were exposed to thermal decomposition products of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-a) at different concentrations up to to levels inducing acute lethality. Several groups exposed at sublethal levels were then evaluated for pulmonary performance for a period of 57 days following exposure. Pulmonary performance was evaluated by challenging each animal with a mixture containing 10% CO sub(2), 20% 02d2, and 70% N sub(2). In control animals, this mixtured induced an increase in both tidal volume and respiratory frequency. This hyperventllatory response was greatly depressed during the first 3 day following frequency. This hypervent(1atory response was greatly depressed during the first 3 days following exposure and gradually returned to normal during the following weeks with the exception of the highest exposure group which still showed a diminished response 57 days after exposure. The pulmonary toxicity induced by thermal decomposition products of PVC-A is probably related to the very large amount of HC1 released during thermal decomposition. Ths CO sub(2) response test, a nonintruslve and noninvasive method to evaluate pulmonary performance in guinea pigs, is easily performed and appears to be a very promising type of pulmonary function test for !tf!) 000 203 9 534 toxicological evaluations. 84. Neoplastic effect of vinyl chloride in mouse lung. Lower doses and short-term exposure. - 83-02 0576576 Suzuki. V. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. RES. vol. 32. no. 1. pp. 91-103 1983 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Environ. Sel. Lao., Dep. Community Med. 8 Dep. Pathol.. Mount Sinai Sen. Med. City Unlv. New York. One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029. USA LANGUAGE- English Neoplastic pulmonary effects of lower doses of vinyl chloride and short-term exposure (A weeks) Py inhalation have been studied by light and electron microscopy in 220 mice. Except for dead or seriously sick animals, a large majority of the animals were sacrificed at three different stages: immediately after exposure. 12 weeks later, and 40 or 41 weeks after exposure. Six mice were kept longer than 41 weeks to examine the effects of the chemical after a long-term recovery period. Alveologenic tumors were first observed 10 weeks after exposure to 00 ppm. In the subgroups exposed to higher concentrations the incidence of tumors was higher and their appearance was earlier than in the subgroups exposed to lower concentrations. The findings indicated a dose-response relationship for incidence of alveologenic tumors, and the latency period was inversely related to dose. 85. Vinyl chloride disease -- Neurological disturbances. - 83-02 0578053 Langauer-Lewowicka, H,; Kurzbauer. H.; Byczkowska, Z.; Wocka-Marek, T. JOURNAL NAME- INT. ARCH. OCCUP . ENVIRON. HEALTH. vol. 52. no. 2. pp. 151-15? 1983 OOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. OCCup. Med. Mining and Metallurgical Ind., ul. Bieruta PL-41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland CONFERENCE DATE- 1979 CONFERENCE TITLE- 3. Industrial and Environmental Neurology Congress CONFERENCE LOCATION- Praha, (Czechoslovakia) LANGUAGE- English 12. In a plant producing vinyl chloride by the emulsion method 200 workers who were exposed to vinyl chloride for i to 25 yr. 58 were free of coplaints and nervous disturbances. An astheno-autonomic syndrome was found in 54 and in 88 in combination with positive neurological findings, i.e. pyramidal syndromes, cereoellar distrubances. trigeminal neuropathy and extrapnyramidal symptoms, in various combinations - pyramidal + cerebellar in 12. trigeminal * pyramidal in 7, trigeminal cerebellar in 5. Headaches, nervousness, decrease in pnysical strength, loss of memory, sleeping disturoances and somnolence were the most frequent complaints. 86. Lack of dominant lethal effects in male CD-I mice after short-term and long-term exposures to vinyl chloride monomer. - 83-02 0553588 Himeno, S.; Okuda, H.; Suzuki, T. JOURNAL NAME- TOXICOL. LETT. vol. 16, no. 1-2. pp. 47-53 Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial Dep. Hum. Ecol. . Sch. Health Sci^, Fac. Med.. Univ. Tokyo. Tokyo 113. Japan LANGUAGE- English 1983 OOCUMENT TYPE- AUTHOR AFFILIATION- 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Oominert lethal studies were conducted with vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in male CD-i mice, using short-term (10.000 ppm. 4 h/day, for 5 days) and long-term (5000 ppm. 4 h/day, 5 day/week, for 10 weeks) exposures. There was no evidence of dominant Tethal effects due to VCM in either case. Semen examination of male mice after long-term exposure failed to reveal any alteration in sperm motility and shape. Sporadic appearance of giant eells was observed in the tests of males exposed to VCM, but was not considered to affect spermatogenesis. 87. Evaluation of the association between birth defects and exposure to ambient vinyl chloride. - 83-02 0535781 Theriault. G.; Iturra, H.; GIngres, S. JOURNAL NAME- TERATOLOGY. vol. 27. no. 3. pp. 359-370 1983 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. Occup. Health & Saf., McGill Univ., 1130 Pine Ave. West, Montreal. Que. H3A 1A3, Canada LANGUAGE- English VRD 0002039535 Birtn defects incidence for- infants born to residents of Shawinigan. Canada in 1966-1979 were significantly higher than in three comparison communities. Since there nas been a vinyl chloride polymerization plant in this town since 1943 from whicn ten cases of angiosarcoma of the liver have been identified, this study explores the possible association between exposure to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in ambient air and the occurrence of birth defects in the community. The excess Of D1r*th defects fluctuated seasonally in a way that corresponded to changes in VCM concentration in the environment. Some descriptive data from this study raised the hypothesis of an association between VCM in tne air and birtn defects in the exoosed community, but as a Whole, within the sample size available, such an association could not be substantiated. 8fi. Biochemical assessment of the bioreactivity of intratrachea11y administered polyvinyl chloride dust in rat lung. - 83-01 0508816 Agarwal. D. K. JOURNAL NAME- CHEM.-B10L. INTERACTIONS. vo1. 44, no. 1-2, pp. 195-201 1983 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Mater, Sci . Toxicol. Lab.. Univ. Tennessee, Cent. Health Sci . , 26, South Dunlap, Memphis, TN 38163. USA LANGUAGE- English The present communication reports a periodic biochemical assessment of the biological reactivity of intretracnea11y administered PVC m rat lung, over a period of one year. The maeromolecu!ar constituents, activity of some soluble enzymes and tne rate of lipid peroxidation were measureo in lung to investigate the posibility of a structural alteration and/or tissue injury by PVC dust, during the period of an active tissue reaction and beyond. The activity of some mitochondrial enzymes was analyzed as an index of tne pulmonary tissue reaction with the polymer, at a time when maximum enhancement of the mitochondria 1 activity and tisue reaction with PVC dust were demonstrated earlier. 89. Mitochondrial changes in hepatocytes of rats chronically exposed to vinyl chloride and ethanol. - 83-01 0423260 Miller, M. L.; Radike, M. J.; Andrmga, A.; Bingham, E. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. RES. vOl. 29. no. 2, pp . 272-279 1982 OOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Univ. Cincinnati Med. Cent., Inst. Environ. Health, 3223 Eden Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45267. USA LANGUAGE- English Chronic exposure of male rats to 600 ppm vinyl chloride (VC) or VC and 5% ethanol (EtOH) in drinking water induced ultrastructural cnanges in the mitochondria of hepatocytes. After 6 months of VC/EtOH treatment, hepatocyte mitochondria often contained rigid tubular parallel cnstae and dilated cristae with dense inclusions: ethanol ingestion alone did not inouce these morphological changes. In animals receiving VC alone, large floccular densities in the mitochondrial matrix were seen occasionally after 6 months of VC inhalation. The numbers and severity of changes in mitochondria increased with duration of exposure and age. The greatest responses observed in mitochondria occurred with the combined treatment of VC/EtOH. 90. Occupational and environmental damage to the liver. - 83-01 Moeri, m. 0423204 JOURNAL NAME- MUNCH. MED. WOCHENSCHR. vol . 125, no. 3, pp. 40-44 1983 TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Gastroenterol. Apt. an Stoffwechselklinik LVA Wuerttemberg, Bismarckstr. 31, D-6990 Bad Mergentheim, FRG LANGUAGE- German DOCUMENT Year after year, hundreds of new chemicals are being put on tne market. Their number doubles every 7 to 8 years. The introduction of a new chemical will never be completely free from one kind of risk or another. The problems involved are discussed taking occupational poisonings (carbon tetrachloride, arsenic and vinyl chloride), and food poisoning (aflatoxins, edible oil) as examples. 91. Cause-specific mortality study on VCM workers. - 83-01 0423107 Ebihara. I. JOURNAL NAME- J. SCI. LABOU. vol. 5B. no. 6. pp. 383-389 1982 Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR 0iv. Work Environ, ana Occup. Dis., Inst. Sci. Labour, Tokyo, Japan INOICATOR(S)- O LANGUAGE- Japanese DOCUMENT TYPEapfiliation- literary Cause-specific mortality study on VCM workers employed m M-company was carried out. The cohrt was set up by 226 workmen on 1960 and observed until 1979. No cause of death were statistically significant with p<0.05. However, death from all cause, all cancer, gastric cancer, liver ana bilialy tract cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, hypertens ion. other heart disease, liver cirrhosis, ana accident were higher than expected. Death from all cause, all cancer, liver and bilialy tract cancer and lung cancer were not significantly higher with p<0.05 level, nowever, these causes were significantly higher than Japanese male with p<0.10 level. Moreover, the relative death rates of both liver and bilialy tract cancer ana lung cancer were increased in accordance with the length of VCM exposure. The results revealed the possibility of carcinogenic effect of VCM on these sites. 92. Roles of 2-haloethylene oxides and 2-haloacetaldehydes derived from vinyl bromide and vinyl chloride in irreversible binding to protein and DNA. - 83-01 04t7?77 Guengerich. F. P.; Mason, P S-; Stott, W. T.; Fox, T. R.; Watanaoe. P. G. JOURNAL NAME- CANCER RES. vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 4391-4396 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Biochem.. vanderoilt Univ. Sch. Med., Nashville, TN 37232, USA LANGUAGE- English The metabolism of (1.2- super(14)c)viny1 bromide (VBR) to products irreversibly bound to DNA and protein was examined in rat liver microsomes, reconstituted cytochrome systems, and isolates nepatocytes. In the systems, binding of metabolites of vinyl chloride to DNA outside the hepatocytes could be partially blocked by epoxide hydrolase or by alconol dehydrogenase, implying that, as targets farther away from sources of reactive species are considered, tne stabilities of these species become more important for reaction with nucleophilic sites. 93. Investigations on the correlation between vinyl chloride (VCM)-uptake and excretion of its metabolites by 15 VCM-exposed workers: II. Measurements of the urinary excretion of the VCM-metabolite thiodiglycolic acid. - 83-01 0382929 Heger, M.; Mueller. G.: Norpoth, K. JOURNAL NAME- INT. ARCH. OCCUP. ENVIRON. HEALTH. vol. 50. no. 2, pp. 187-196 1982 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. Staublungenforschung Arbeltsmea. westfaelischen Wihelms-Univ. Muenster, D-4400 Muenster. PRG LANGUAGE- German Fifteen workers employed in a PVC producing plant were investigated concerning their individual vinyl cnioriae (VCM) exposure and the urinary excretion of the VCM metabolite tmodlglycolic acid (TdGA). The urine concentrations found were in the range 0.94-20.4 mu g/ml. These couic be compared with exposure data calculated from VCM air analyses performed by personal air sampling and corrected with respect to the exposure times of the workers. The amounts of TdGA excreted within 24 h were correlated with the effective VCM body concentrations calculated from the exposure data as mean values for I2h periods. This correlation resembles a function of the Michaelis-Menten type. It could be shown that during short exposure periods of less than 5 min. the metabolite formation in relation to the exoosure data was lower than during longer periods of exposure although, as would be expected, there were some fluctuations of tne exposure level. Therefore, the VCM body concentrations could not normally reach steady state values. 94. Effects on the liver of chemicals encountered in the workplace. - 83-01 0382762 Pond, S. M. JOURNAL NAME- WEST. J. MED. vol. 137, no. 6, pp. 506-514 1982 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journa1 Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- North California Occup. Health Cent., Build. 30. 5th Floor, San Francisco Gen. Hosp. Med. cent., lOOi Potrero Ave., San Francisco, CA 94110, USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- 0 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE(S)- Special Issue on Occupational Medicine. Englisn LANGUAGE- A VRD 0007039536 u m a i B a a aHA The Hver plays a central role in toxicology- It is the primary organ of detoxification ano elimination by metabolism of many chemicals. Many workplace chemicals can affect the liver in animals; fewer have been proved to ao so in humans. The diverse hepatic effects observed in humans from occupational exposure to chemicals range from fatty infiltration, acute hepatitis and cnolestasis to cirrhosis and angiosarcoma. Three important workplace cnemicals. prototypes for the toxicities of many others, are caroon tetrachloride, vinyl chloride and the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). These three are described in some detail to highlight principles of occupational toxicology. Most of the hepatic effects produced by chemicals in the workplace have clinical, laboratory and morphological features common to many other forms of liver disease. Therefore, only an astute physician who takes an occupational history will recognize tne association between a patient's workplace and liver disease. 95. Cytogenetic effects of epoxy, phenol formaldehyde and polyvinylchloride resins in man. - 83-01 0363484 Suskov, I. I.; Sazonova, L. A. JOURNAL NAME- MUTAT. RES. vol. 104, no. 1-3, pp. 137-140 1982 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR A FFILIATI0N- Inst. Gen. Genet., Acad. Sci. U. S. S. R., Moscow H7333, USSR LANGUAGE- English The cytogenetic analysis of persons occupationally exposed to synthetic resins has revealed a true increase in the average freauency of cells with chromosome aberrations: 5.5% for epoxy resin (146 persons), 6.1% for polyviny1 chi oride (52 persons), and 5.0% for phenol formaldehyde (31 persons). An incidence of 2.4% was observed in the control (74 persons). The average freauency of aberrant chromosomes per cell for al the synthetic resins differed from the control. The average frequency of chromosome breaks per chromosome did not differ significantly from the control. Acentric fragments (single and paired) was the prevalent type of aberration. 96. Raynaud's Phenomenon Caused by Vinyl Chloride. Raynaud-Phaenomen Ourch Vinylchlorid. - 82-02 0343469 Graef, K. JOURNAL NAME- MUENCH. MED. WOCHEMSCHR. vol. 123, no. 41, pp. 1510 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AFFILIATION- Fachaerztm k i nder k rankne i ten, Bernadottestr . 12. D-6000 Frankfurt-Nordweststadt, FRG LANGUAGE- German AUTHOR NO-ABSTRACT 97. Plasticizer Migration From Polyvinyl Chloride Flint to Solvents and Foods. - 82-02 0339683 Till, D. E.; Reid, R. C. ; WheIan, R. H. Schwartz, P. S. ; Si Oman, K. R.; Valentine, J. R.; JOURNAL NAME- FOOD CHEM. TOXICOL. vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 95-104 1982 DOCUMENT TYPE- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Arthur D. Little, Inc., Acorn Park, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA LITERARY INOICATOR(S)- 0 LANGUAGE- Engllsn Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films used for food wraps contain significant concentrations of plasticizers, along with other additives. Tne rate of migration of these plasticizers of foods and food-simulating solvents is the principal concern of this paper, which reviews prior experimental studies and presents new data for radiolabel led dioctyl adipate. Analytical models are described to correlate many of the data, criteria are presented for identifying the controlling step in the mechanism of transfer of plasticizer from PVC films into food-simulating solvents, and tentative recommendations are offered for tne selection of food simulants end for the type of experiment necessary to allow an unamblgous interpretat1 on of the data. 98. The Effect of Repeated Vinyl Chloride Exposure on Rat Hepatic Metabolizing Enzymes. - 82-02 0339662 Du. J. T.; Tseng, M.; TamPurro, C. H. JOURNAL NAME- TOXICOL. APPL . PHARMACOL. vol. 62. no. 1. pp- 1-10 1982 TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR affiliation- Reg. Cancer Cent., univ. Louisville Sch. Med., Louisville, KY USA LANGUAGE- English OOCUMENT 40292, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 2.6% vinyl chloride for 2 (70 hr), 4 (140 hr), and 6 (210 hr) weeks to determine the sequential biochemical changes related to the oxidation and detoxification ability of hepatic tissue. Glutathione-S-trensferase(s) activity using i,2-epoxy-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane and p-nitrobenzyl chloride as supstrates was elevated 17 to 24. 28. and 35 to 42% after 2. 4. and 6 weeks of exposure, respectively, suggesting enzyme(s) induction. Cytochromes P-450, the major protein in-volved with vinyl metabolism, was reduced after vinyl chloride exposure, confirming reports of others that vinyl chloride metabolites destroy P-450. 99. Respiratory Illness Caused Py Overheating of Polyvinyl Chloride. - 82-02 0337812 Froneberg. B.; Johnson. P. l. Landrlgan, P. L. JOURNAL NAME- BR. J. IND. MED. vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 239-243 1982 OOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Nati. Inst. Occupat. Safety & Health. Robert A Taft Lab., Cincinnati, OH 4S226. USA LANGUAGE* English On 9 August 1979, 62 (30 multiplied by B%) of 20i workers and one of 60 management personnel in a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fabricating plant developed acute upper and lower respiratory irritation, headache, nausea, and fainting. All were taken to hospital; none died. Sixty of the patients were women. Interviews two weeks later witn 57 affected and 14 unaffected workers disclosed that illness had followed exposure to fumes from an overheated (362 degree C) PVC extruding macnine. Fumes were emitted from iio0 until il50; cases occurred from IIOO until late afternoon. 100. Progression of Vinyl Chloride Induced Hepatic Fibrosis to Angiosarcoma of the Liver. 82-02 0337433 Jones. D. B.; Smith, P. M. JOURNAL NAME- BR. J. IND. MED. vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 306-307 1982 OOCUMENT Type- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Gastroenterol., Llandougn Hosp., Penartn, S. Glamorgan, UK LANGUAGE- English Two vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) workers, who developed non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis and portal hypertension. died from angiosarcoma of the liver five and ten years later respectively, despite withdrawal from occupational exposure. The authors suggest that non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis caused by exposure to VCM is potentially prema1ignant and that those workers who already have the condition should be carefully monitored. 101. Angiographic Study of Digital Arteries in Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride. 82-02 0337387 Fal_appa, P.; Magnavlta, N.; Bergamaschi . A.; Colavita, N. JOURNAL NAME- BR. J. IND. MED. vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 169-172 1982 OOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- 1st. Radiol. dell'Univ. Cattollea S Cuore, Rome, Italy LAN6UAGE- Engl1sh Five patients exposed to vinyl chloride were studied by hand angiography and other nort-invasive methods, including photoplethysmography, reography, and thermography. Raymaud's phenomenon was present in all five subjects, while acro-osteolysis affected only one. Organic vascular lesions, such as narrowing, segmentary occlusions of digital arteries and bridge collaterals, were found in angiographic studies. A m 6 t e m e qua VRD 0002 0 39 539 102. Polyvinyl Chloride Wire Insulation Decomposition XI: consideration of Long Term Health Effects From Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. - 82-02 0336774 Wallace. D.; Nelson, N.; Gates. T. JOURNAL NAME- J. COMBUST. TOXICOL. vo1. 9. pp. 105-108 1982 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Public Interest Sci. Consul. Serv.. 549 West 123 St. New York, NY 10027. USA LANGUAGE- EnglIsn Shortly after health status surveys had been completed on the survivors of the Beverly Hills Supper Club Fire and on the firefighters injured during the New York Telephone Fire, individual members of each group complained of new disorders and triggered new post-survey "ministudies", All women polled showed severe uterine dysfunctions, some resulting in hysterectomies or other hospitalization. The Telephone firefighter cohort showed atypical pattern of age distribution of cancer cases and cancer types, compared with the Fire Department as a whole. Literature on presence of chlorinated hydrocarbons in PVC pyrolysis and combustion smoke and on the health effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons is reviewed. 103. Review of Epidemiologic Study Results of Vinyl Chloride-Related Compounds, - 82-01 0290098 Apfeldorf. R.: Infante. P. F. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol . 41. pp. 221-226 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Off. Carcinogen Indentif. Class.. Health Stand. Prog,, Occup. Safety Health Admin., U. S. Dep. Labor, Washington, 0. C. 20210, USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- KO CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesaa, MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English Epidemiologic study results addressing the careinogenicity of six compounds related to vinyl chloride (vinylidene chloride, tricnloroetny1ene. percnloroethy1ene, carbon tetrachlor 1de, ethylene dibromide and epicniorohydrin) are reviewed. The study results suggest an increased carcinogenic risk among workers exposed to epichlorohydrin and to dry cleaning and degreasing solvents. Altnough several studies report no significant excess of cancer mortality, an evaluation of the design of these investigations demonstrates that these negative cohort studies consisted of populations of insufficient sample size and latency to permit any meaningful conclusions regarding carcinogenic risk. Therefore, experimental studies must be relied upon to determine whether several of these substances pose a potential carcinogenic risk to humans. Available evidence indicates that all of these substances nave demonstrated a carcinogenic response in experimental animals and most are mutagenic in experimental test systems. 104, Review of Experimental Carcinogenesis by Compounds Related to Vinyl Chloride. 82-01 0290083 Chu, K. C.; Ml 1 man, H. A. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41, pp. 211-220 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Natl. Cancer Inst., NIH Bethesda, MD 20205. USA LITERARY INDICATOR($)- KO CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluete the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(Viny1 Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda, MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English The experimental carcinogenesis results on six compounds related tc vinyl chloride are reported. Vinylidene chloride, given by inhalation, was carcinogenic in male CO-1 mice, male CD rats, Sprague-Oawley rats and male Swiss mice. Trichloroethy1ene, given by gavage and Inhalation, was carcinogenic in the B6C3F1 mice. When given by gavage, perchloroethylene was carcinogenic in the B6C3F1 mice, and dlchioroethane was carcinogenic in Osborne-Mendei rats and BSC3F1 mice. Dlbromoethane, given by gavage and inhalation, was carcinogenic in B6C3F1 mice, F344 rats end Osborne-Mendei rats. Finally, epicniorohydrin was carcinogenic in male Sprague-Oawley rats and B6C3F1 mice. 105. Angiosarcoma of the Liver: A Signal Lesion of Vinyl Chloride Exposure. - 82-01 0290071 V1 anna, N. J.; Braay. J. ; Harper, p. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41, pp. 207-210 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Bur. Environ. Epidemiol., New York State Dep. Health, Tower Bldg., Empire State Health Plaza, Albany, NY 12237. USA LITERARY INDICATOR)S)- KO CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Po1y{Vinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda. MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English Vinyl chloride (VCM) induced angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL) is a rare vascular tumor which might be associated with a wide range of disease states. The possibility that this tumor might be a signal lesion is supported by mortality studies suggesting that cancers of the digestive, respiratory, neurological and lymphatic systems have occurred more often than expected in VCM workers. There is also evidence that certain non-neopiastic disorders, such as pneumoconiosis and excess fetal deaths, may be associated with this chemical - It has been suggested that a gradual increase in the incidence of ASL might have occurred in recent years. This could be a reflection of the long latency period and/or the increased recognition of this entity. Several cases of ASL have occurred in people living in the vicinity of VCM plants. This raises the possibility that low-level exposure to this chemical over a long period might induce ASL. 106. Power Considerations in Studies of Reproductive Effects of Vinyl Chloride and Some Structural Analogs. - 82-01 0290043 Hatch. M.; Kline, J.; Stein. Z. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41, pp. 195-201 1981 DOCUMENT type- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR affiliation- Div. Epidemiol., Sen. Public Health Sergievsky Cent., Columbia univ., 630 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032 USA LITERARY INDICATORiS)- KO CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda. MO (USA) LANGUAGE- English The authors review the evidence examining the relation of reproductive function and exposure to vinyl chloride and selected structural analogs. Investigation of these compounds for possible reproductive effects has focused on paternal exposure, a much less well studied route than maternal exposure. Drawing on animal models, the authors discuss what is known about tne possible reproductive consequences of exposure to the father as well as to the motner. In evaluating tne studies of reproductive outcome in relation to vinyl chloride or analogs, the authors consider what biologic model may have been tested and whether there was statistical power to detect modderate increases in risk. Parameters influencing statistical power are reviewed, and recommended sample sizes are set out which would insure sufficient power, in future studies, to detect adverse effects. 107. Mutagenicity Studies of Vinyl Chloride. - 82-01 0290024 Fabricent, J. D.; Legator, M. S. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41, pp. 189-193 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Prevent. Med. 5 Commun. Health. Olv. Environ. Toxicol.. Univ. Texas Med. Br.. Galveston, TX 77S50, USA LITERARY INDICATORCS)- KO CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda, MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English Mutagenicity studies in both man and in test organisms clearly demonstrate positive mutagenic activity of vinyl chloride. In terms of the mutagenicity studies using a variety of in vitro procedures covering both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, positive effects were found. Cytogenetic in vivo studies in animals and in humans indicate not only somatic mutations, but also germinal effects with this chemical. A VRD 0002039548 108. Prenatal Susceptibility to Carcinogenesis by Xenobiotic Substances Including Vinyl Chloride. - 82-01 0290004 Rice, J. M. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vo1. 41, pp. 179-188 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Perinatal Carcinogen. Sect., Lab. Comp. Carcinogen., Natl. Cancer Inst., Fort Oetrick, Frederick. MO 21701. USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- KO CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda. MD (USA) LANGUAGE- Englisn The carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride for experimental animals when administered transp1acenta11y is reviewed in comparison with known transplacental carcinogens, including those that, like vinyl chloride, are dependent on enzyme-mediated metabolic conversion to a reactive intermediate in maternal or fetal tissues. Vinyl chloride is converted 0y mixed-function oxidases to tne reactive metaoolite chlorooxirane, the carcinogenicity of which is also reviewed. Vinyl chloride is unequivocally a transplacental carcinogen for the rat. No evidence exists, however, to support tne hypothesis that exposure of male rats to vinyl chloride or any other carcinogen confers an increased risk of tumor development on their progeny. Many structural analogs of vinyl chloride, i.e., substituted ethylenes, are also carcinogenic for adult animals, and can with confidence likewise be predicted to be effective transplacental carcinogens. 109. Vinyl Chloride: inhalation Teratology Study in Mice, Rats and Rabbits. - 82-01 0289991 John, J. A.; Smith. F. A.; Schwetz, B. A. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol, 41, pp. 171-177 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Toxicol. Res. Lao.. Health Environ. Sei. USA. Dow Chemical U. S. A.. Midland, MI 48640, USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar I960 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda, MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English These studies evaluated the effects of inhaled vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) on mouse, rat and rabbit embryonal and fetal development. Groups of pregnant CF-1 mice, Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand white rabbits were exposed to 500 ppm VCM for 7 hr daily during the period of major organogenesis. Subsequently, other groups of mice were similarly exposed to 50 ppm VCM, and rats and rabbits were exposed to 2500 ppm. While maternal toxicity was observed, exposure to VCM did not cause significant emoryonal or fetal toxicity and was not teratogenic in any of tne three species at the concentrations tested. Simultaneous exposure of some of the pregnant animals to VCM by Inhalation plus 15% ethanol in the drinking water resulted in toxic effects greater than those associated witn exposure to VCM alone in the three species. The fetal effects observed were similar to those reported for these three species following administration of ethanol without VCM exposure. 110. Review of Pulmonary Effects of Poly{Viny1 Chloride) and Vinyl Chloride Exposure. 82-01 02B997S Li 1 is, ft. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41. pp. 167-16S 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Environ. Sci. Lab., Dep. Commun. Med., Mount Sinai Seh. Med. City Univ. New York, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029. USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- KO CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of vinyl Chloride Monomer, Po1y(Vlnyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda. MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English The contributions of several recent reports to the definition of pulmonary effects of PVC dust inhalation are reviewed. Granulomatous reaction, with inclusion of PVC particles in macrophages and histocytes, and associated Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis have been found to lead to exertional dyspnoea, diffuse micronodular chest radiographic opacities and restrictive pulmonary dysfunction. The effects of vinyl chloride (VC) monomer (gas) on proteins and tne immunologic mechanisms triggered by the altered protein are possible mechanisms for the development in some cases of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis secondary to VC exposure. VRD 0002039541 1 111. Excess Lung Cancer Risk in a Synthetic Chemicals Plant. - 82-01 0289944 Waxweller, R. J.; Smith. A. H.; Falk. H.; Tyroler, H. A. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41, pp. 159-165 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- InCustry-w1de Stud. Br.. Div. Surveill., Hazard Eval. Field Stud.. Natl. Inst. Occup. Safety Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway. Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA LITERARY INOICATOR{S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer. Poly(vinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs LANGUAGE- Engl ish CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda, MD (USA) A standardized mortality ratio of 1.49 for respiratory system cancer (42 observed deaths versus 28.2 expected, p < 0.01) was observed among a cohort of 4806 males employed at a synthetic chemicals plant since its startup in 1942. Upon review of pathologic material, the excess was found to be limited to adenocarcinoma and large cell undifferentiated lung cancer. Many of the workers had been exposed to vinyl chloride, as well as to chlorinated solvents. poly(vinyi chloride) (PVC) dust, acrylates and acrylonitrile. To evaluate the association between lung cancer and occupational chemical exposures, detailed work histories for each cohort member were combined with exposure ratings for each of 19 chemicals for each job for each calendar year since 1942. A serially additive expected aose moael was then constructed which compared the doses of the chemicals observed for the lung cancer cases to the doses expected based on subcohorts without lung cancer individually matched to the cases. PVC dust appeared to be the most likely etiologic agnet (p * 0-037). Time trends of PVC dust exposure indicated a potential latent period of 5-16 years before death. 112. Epidemiological Study of Pneumoconiosis in the Italian Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Industry. - 82-01 0289760 Mastrangelo. G.; Saia, B.; Marcer, G.; Piazza, G. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41, pp. 153-157 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- 1st. Med. Lavoro, Univ. Studi Padova, via Facciolati 7i. Padua, Italy LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of vinyl Chloride Monomer. PolyCvinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda, MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English Among 1216 workers employed in a polytvlnyl chloride) production factory. 20 cases of pneumoconiosis were found. None of these workers had had previous exposure to organic or inorganic dusts; 73i had been exposed to PVC dust (employed in drying, sacking and blending of polymer) and 485 had been exposed to monomer alone. Chest x-ray films were read by two independent physicians utilizing the ILO/UC Pneumoconiosis Classification, 1971. X-ray abnormalit1es were cnaracterized by limited profusion, irregular type and low gravity; in a small percentage of cases these were associated with slight restrictive respiratory function Impairments. 113. Mortality and Cancer Rates Among Workers in the Swedish PVC Processing industry. - 82-01 0289740 Molina. G.; P. HOlmberg, B.; Elofsson, S.; Holmlund, L.; Moosing, R.; Westerholm, JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41, pp. 145-151 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Occup. Toxicol. Unit, Dep. Occup. Med. Labor Med. Div., Dep. Occup. Safety, 6ox 100, 26 Stockholm, Sweden LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(V1nyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda. MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English Personnel lists from four PVC-processing industries were collected on production of employees with at least three months of employment at the beginning of 1945 and the last day of employment December 31, 1974. Of 2073 persons, 103 could not be followed up, because they had moved abroad. The remaining persons comprise the cohort of 1970 individuals who were analyzed and compared with the national population with respect to mortality from various diseases and cancer morbidity. The death risk from myocardial infarction is elevated in the cohort. The myocardial infarction risk related to vinyl chloride exposure is discussed in relation to earlier studies on the vascular effects of vinyl chloride. A VRD 8002039542 VRD 0022039543 114. Mortality Among PVC-Fabricating Employees. - 82-01 0289722 Chiazze, L.,Jr.; Ference, L. 0. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41. pp. 137-143 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Oiv. Biostat. Epidemiol., Georgetown Univ. Sch. Med.. 3750 Reservoir Road. N. W.. Washington. DC 20007. USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate tne Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer. Poly(V1nyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Betnesda, MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English The results of a cross-sectional mortality study of 3847 deaths occurring among current and former (white) employees of 17 PVC fabricators during 1964-1973 are presented. Sex-race-cause-spec 1fic proportionate mortality ratios (PMR's) were computed by using two separate standards: one. the U. 5. mortality in 1968: the second. U. S. mortality for the individual years 1964-1973. In addition, a case-control analysis, based upon 44 breast cancer deaths among unite female employees, ts presented. PMR's are significantly different from unity for all cancers, and for cancers of tne digestive system among both white males and white females. Altnough observed deaths significantly exceeded expectations for cancer of the breast, a subsequent case-control analysis reveals no statistically significant relative risks for breast cancer. 115. Poly(V1ny1 Chloride) Processes and Products. - 82-01 0289705 wnee1er, R. N.,Jr. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41. pp. 123-128 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Union Carbide Corp., P. 0. Box 8361. South Charleston. WV 25303, USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda. MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English Poly(vinyl chloride) resins are produced by four basic processes: suspension, emulsion, bulk and solution polymerization. PVC suspension resins are usually relatively dust-free and ganular with varying degrees of particle porosity. PVC emulsion resins are small particle powders containing very little free monomer. Bulk PVC resins are similar to suspension PVC resins, though the particles tend to be more porous. Solution PVC resins are smaller in particle size tnan suspension PVC with high porosity particles containing essentially no free monomer. The variety of PVC resin products does not lend itself to broad generalizations concerning health Hazards. In studying occupational hazards the particular PVC process and the product must be considered and identified in the study. 116. Effectiveness of Federally Required Medical Laboratory Screening in the Detection of Chemical Liver Injury. - 82-01 0289683 Tamburro. C- H.; Greenberg. R. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41, pp. 117-122 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Liver Res. Cent.. Div. Digest. Dis., Dep. Med., Univ. Louisville Sen. Med-. Louisville, KY 40201. USA LITERARY INDICAT0R(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar i960 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(Vlnyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Betnesda, MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English The increasing concern of 1ndustrial1 zed societies over the potential health hazard of synthetic chemicals in the occupational environment has lea to government requirements for medical laboratory screening of workers. The specific tests for such screening programs are most often selected on the basis of medical experience which utilized them in symptomatic or hospitalized populations. Required screening tests for hepatic injury including cancer in vinyl chloride workers has been systematically and prospectively studied in an industrial population working with synthetic rubber and plastics. VRD 0002039544 117. Epidemiology of Hepatic Angiosarcoma in the United States: 1964-1974. - 82-01 0289666 Falk, H.; Herbert, j.; Cal Owe 11. G. G. Crowley. S.; Ishak. K. G.; Thomas. L. B.; Popper. H.; JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41. pp. 107-113 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Chronic Ois. Olv., Cent. Environ. Health, Cent. Dis. Control, Public Health Serv., U. S. Dept. Health S Hum. Serv.. Atlanta. GA 30333, USA LITERARY INDICATDR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda. MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English A nationwide survey of hepatic angiosarcoma (has) m the united States during the years 1964 through 1974 identified 168 cases. Of these, 42 cases (25%) were associated with known etiologic factors, such as vinyl chloride monomer exposure during preparation of polyfvinyl chloride), use of Thorotrast in angiography, exposure to inorganic arsenic, and treatment with androgemcanaPol ic steroids; 126 cases (75%) are of uncertain etiology. HAS most often affects males (ratio of approximately 3:1), peaks in the sixth and seventh decades of life (somewhat earlier than other sarcomas of the liver) and appears to occur more often in the 1ndustrialized Northeast and Midwest (although reporting artifact may be a factor). There is an extraordinary relative risk for polyfvinyl chloride) polymerization workers; there may also be other chemical-inaustria! associations that require further investigation prospective epidemiologic studies of HAS should be considered as a means of identifying other causative factors (e.g., chemicals or drugs) related to HAS. A 118. Epidemiologic Study of Vinyl Chloride Workers: Mortality Through December 31. 1972. - 82-01 0289651 Cooper, w. c. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41, pp. 101-106 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- 2150 Shattuck Ave.. Suite 401, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(Vinvl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda, MO (USA) LANGUAGE- English A population of 10,173 men. employed in 37 plants, was identified as having worked for at least one year in joos involving probable exposure to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) prior to January 1,1973. Of the 9677 men wnose vital status was determined, 707 were known to have died. For 699. death certificates were obtained. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes was 89, that for all malignancies was 104. The only type of malignancy found in significant excess was in the category of malignant neoplasms of the brain and other parts of the nervous system. 119. German Investigations on Morbidity and Mortality of Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride. - 82-01 0289647 Weber, H.; Relnl, w.; Greiser, E. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41, pp. 95-99 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Staatlicher Gewerbearzt. Duesseldorf, FRG LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(Vinyi Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda. MO (USA) LANGUAGE- English Two studies on mortality and morbidity of workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) which have been carried out on behalf of the Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs on Northrh1ne-Westphalia ere reported. S t60l0M 120. Observations of the Site-Specific Carcinogenicity of Vinyl Chloride to Humans. - 82-01 0289637 o Infante. P. F. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT, vot . 41. pp. 83-94 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Office Carcinogen Ident. & Class.. Health Stand. Prog., Occup. Safety Health Admin.. U. S. Oep. Labor, Washington, DC 20210, USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- KO CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, PolylVinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda, MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English A review of epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to vinyl chloride (VC) was conducted. Some of tnese studies comprised small cohorts and thus were insensitive in the evaluation of carcinogenic response for sites that do not demonstrate a nigh relative risk. Other larger studies used methodology and design that precluded an interpretation of the results. Such limitations were acknowledged by some authors. 121. Results of Sputum Cytology Among Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride Monomer and to Poly<V1nyl Chloride). - 82-01 0289530 Mai tom , C . ; Lodi . P . JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vo1. 41. pp. 85-88 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. Oncol. Tumor Cent.. Bologna, Italy LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloriae Monomer, Poly(vinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Betnesoa. MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English The results of systematic cytologica! sputum examinations of 3,380 Italian VC-PVC industry workers and of 2,287 workers m other industries at different potential risk and chosen as control groups are reported. The results indicate an increase in cellular aonormalities and dysplasias in the epithelium of the respiratory tract among VC-PVC workers. These data are in line with experimental results snowing that VC produces lung tumors in mice ana with early epidemiological evidence among exposed workers. 122. Preliminary Observations of the Effect of Inhalation of PVC in Man and Experimental Animals. - 82-01 0289617 Wagner, J. C.: Johnson, N. F. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH ERSPECT. vol . 41, pp. 83-84 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Med. Res. Council, Pneumoconi osis Unit, Llandough Hosp., Penarth, Wales, UK LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(Viny1 Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda, MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English Attention has been focussed, both in man and experimental animals, on the effects Of inhalation of the gas monomer, vinyl chloride. There are now strict regulations for the control of the monomer gas, but the particles are regarded as nuisance dust and their emission is not covered by specific legislation. These studies on rats, where both inhalation and implantation methods of exposure have Deen used, and examination of tissue from human cases exposed to paste polymers, indicate that these small particles can only be regarded as evidence of exposure, and on present evidence there is no indication of causation of significant pulmonary disease. Techniques have been developed by which these particles can be demonstrated In ordinary histological preparations and by transmission electron microscopy. VRD 0001039546 123. Pneumoconiosis in Animals Exposed to PolyCVinyl Chloride) Dust. - 82-01 0289601 Groth, D. H.; Lynch, D. W . ; Moorman. W. J. ; Wagner, w. 0. ; Kornm i nen i , C . Stett1er. l. E . ; Lewis, T . R , JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol . 41. pp. 73-81 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR affiliation- Oiv. Biomed. & Behav. Sci., Deo. Health Hum. Serv.. Natl. Inst. Occup. Safety Health. Robert A. Taft Lao., Cincinnati. OH 45226, USA LITERARY INDICATORS)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer. PolyCVinyl Chloride) and structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesoa. MO (USA) LANGUAGE- Englisn Rats, gunea pigs and monkeys were exposed by inhalation (6 hr/day. 5 days/week) for up to 22 months to a 13 mg/m super(3) concentration of PVC dust. Autopsies on rats ana guinea pigs were performed after 12 montns of exposure and on monkeys after 22 months of exposure. Lung function tests were performed on monkeys after 9, 14 and 22 months of exposure. Aggregates of alveolar macrophages containing PVC particles were found in tne lungs of all animals. These aggregates were more numerous in the monkey lungs. No fibrosis or significant cellular infiltrates were present in or near these cellular aggregates. No significant effects on pulmonary function could be demonstrated in the monkeys exposed to PVC. Under the conditions of this experiment, innaled PVC produced a benign pneumoconiosis. A 124. Cancer Induction Following Single and Multiple Exposures to a Constant Amount of Vinyl Chloride Monomer. - 82-01 0289585 Hehir, R. M.; McNamara, B. P.; G.; HardiSty, J. F. McLaugnlin. Willigan. D. A.: Biereower, JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41. pp. 63-72 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR s.AFFILIATION- u. Consum. Prod. Safety Comm., Westwood Towers Build., Rm. 738, 5401 West Blvd., Washington, D. C. 20207. USA LITERARY INOICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda. MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English vinyl cnioride monomer (VCM), already identified as a human animal carcinogen, was selected as a model agent to explore an area of concern for single and 1ntermittent low level exposure- In traditional cancer bioassay, animals are repeatedly exposed over their lifespan to a dose of suspected chemical. In the current studies rats anc mice were exposed in an inhalation chamber to single one-hour doses of VCM ranging from 50 to 50,000 ppm. 125. Effect of Ethanol on Vinyl Chloride Carcinogenesis. - 82-01 0289572 Radike. M. j.; Stemmer, K. L.; Bingham, E. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PER5PECT. vol. 41, pp. 59-62 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Univ. Cincinnati Med. Cent., Dep. Environ. Health, Kettering Lab.. 3223 Eden Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45267. USA LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Bethesda. MO (USA) LANGUAGE- English Four treatment groups (80 male Sprague-Dawley rats/group) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial design: inhalation of 600 ppm vinyl chloride (VC) 4 hr/day, 5 days/week vc__for i year; and ingestion of 5% ethanol in water (v/v); filtered air and ethanol; filtered air. Ingestion of ethanol was begun 4 weeks prior to inhalation of VC and continued for life or termination of the study at two and one-half years from the first VC exposure. In this model system, ethanol potentiated the carcinogenic response to VC in the liver and produced an excess of neoplasms in animals receiving ethanol alone. Ethanol with or without VC had a strong tumorigenic effect on the endocrine system. These results indicate that ethanol is a cocarcinogen in relation to the carcinogen VC. VRD 0& 8?039547 126. Effects of Aging on the Induction of Angiosarcoma. 82-01 0289550 Groth, D. H.; Coate. W. B-: Uliana, B. M.; Hornung. R. w. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41. pp. 53-57 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Div. Biomed. & Behav. Sci., Natl. Inst. Occud. Safety Health. Robert A. Taft Lab., Cincinati, OH 45226, USA LITERARY IN0ICAT0R(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of vinyl Chloride Monomer. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) ano Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- BetheSda, MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English Adult. Sorague-Dawley albino rats of four different ages (6. 18, 32 and 52 weeks) were exposed to 940 ppm vinyl chloride by inhalation for 24 weeks, 5 days/week, 7 hr/day. in each age group, there were 110 to 128 males ano the same number of females. The similarly housed control group, which was not exposed to vinyl chloride, consisted of the same number of males and females m each age group. All animals that died spontaneously, or were sacrificed moribund, or were killed at schedules times (3. 6 and 9 months after initial exposure) were autopsied. All organs were examined grossly, and several tissues from each animal were examined microscopically. This study demonstrates that older adult animals ana females are more susceptible to the angiosarcoma-inducing effects of vinyl chloride than young adult animals and males, respectively. 127. Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic Effects of Vinyl Chloride in Mouse Lung. - 82-01 02B9S38 Suzuki, v. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41. pp. 31-52 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Environ. Sci. Lab., Dep. Commun. Med. & Dep. Patnol.. Mount Sinai Med. Citv Univ. New York, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA LITERARY'INDICATOR(S)- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Sch. Conference to Reevaluate Chloride) and Structural LANGUAGE- Engl ish the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Monomer, Po!y(V1nyl Betnesda, MD (USA) Neoplastic effects of vinyl chloride were studied in lungs of 27 mice exposed to vinyl chloride monomer at 2500 and 6000 ppm for 5 and 6 months (large doses and long-term exposure). Pulmonary tumors were observed in 26 of 27 experimental animals. The neoplastic effect of vinyl chloride of smaller doses (100. 10, i and O (control) ppm) and shorter exposure (four weeks) was studied in lungs of 120 mice. A dose-response relation was considered in the incidence of the alveologenie tumor production of vinyl chloride. It is concluded tnat mouse lung is an extremely sensitive indicator of the oncogenicity of vinyl chloride. 128. Carcinogenicity Bioassays of Vinyl Chloride Monomer: A Model of Risk Assessment on an Experimental Basis. - 82-01 02B9531 Maltoni, c.; Lefemlne, G.; Ciliberti, A.; Cotti, G.: Carretti, D. JOURNAL NAME- ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. vol. 41, pp. 3-29 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. Oncol.. Bologna, Italy LITERARY INDICATOR(S>- K CONFERENCE DATE- 20-21 Mar 1980 CONFERENCE TITLE- Conference to Reevaluate the Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride Monomer, Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Structural Analogs CONFERENCE LOCATION- Betnesda. MD (USA) LANGUAGE- English Data are presented regarding the final results of the Bentivoglio (Bologna) project on long-term careinogeniclty bioassays of vinyl chloride (VC). The experimental project studied the effects of the monomer, administered Py different routes, concentrations and scnedules of treatment, to animals (near 7000) of different species, strains, sex and age. This is the largest experimental carcinogenicity study performed on a single compound by a single institution. The results indicate that vc is a multipotential carcinogen, affecting a variety of organs and tissues, 129. Vinyl Chloride Disorder. - 82-01 0289438 Walker. A. E. JOURNAL NAME- BR. J. DERMATOL. vol. 105, no. 21. pp. 19-21 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Royal HOSp.. Cnesterfleld, Derbyshire. UK LITERARY INDICATOR(S)- KO CONFERENCE DATE- 10-11 Apr 1981 CONFERENCE TITLE- Meeting of the British Association of Dermatologists CONFERENCE LOCATION- Stratford-upon-Avon (UK) LANGUAGE- Engl ish The medical hazards associated with exposure to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) highlight two Important aspects of industrial medicine: firstly, the long latent interval which may occur between initial exposure to a toxic substance and the appearance of clinical evidence of damage; and secondly, the important role of animal experimental work in alerting physicians to the potential toxic effects of chemical substances. 130. Detection of N super(2).3-Ethenoguanlne in DNA After Treatment With Chloroacetaldehyde in vitro. - 82-01 0284926 Oescn, F.; Doerjer, G. JOURNAL NAME- CARCINOGENESIS. vol. 3. no. 6. pp. 663-865 1982 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFIlIATION- Dep. Toxicol.. Univ. Mainz. Obere Zanibacner St. 67. 0-6500 Mainz, FRG LANGUAGE- Engllsh The reaction of cnioroaceta1dehyde. a reactive metabolite of the carcinogen vinyl chloride, with DNA produces in addition to the hitherto known adducts, 1,N super(6)-ethenoad*nine and 3.N super(a)-etnenocytosine, an etnenoguanine adduct, namely N super(2)-3-ethenoguanine. This adduct is formed in the reaction of chioroacetaldehyoe with the free base as well. After DNA hydrolysis followed by isolation of this new adduct by h.p.l.e.. its mass spectrum and fluorescence spectrum are identical witn those published in the literature for the chemically synthesized N super(2).3-ethenoguanine. The formation of only this guanine derivative out of several theoretically possible reaction products allows the formulation of a reaction scheme. 131. Polyvinyl Chloride Pulmonary Disease. - 82-01 0243551 Pinsker. K. l.; Fell. 5.; Kamholz, S- L. JOURNAL NAME- CHEST. vol. 80. no. 6. p. 768 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dep. Pulmon. Med.. Montefiore Hosp. & Med. Cent., Albert Einstein Coll. Med., Bronx. 10467, USA LANGUAGE- English NY A 30-year-old fireman presented to Montefiore Hospital two years after he was exposed to heavy concentrations burning cable insulation. and Medical Center in 1977. of PVC fumes emanating from 132. Power Considerations in Epidemiologic Studies of Vinyl Chloride Workers. - 82-01 0243550 Beaumont. J. u.; Breslow, N. E. JOURNAL NAME- AM. J. EPIDEMIOL. vol. 114. no. 5. pp. 725-734 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Industrywide Studies Branch f-b, Natl. Inst. Occup. Safety. Hlth.. 4676 Columbia Pkwy,, Cincinnati. OH 45226, USA LANGUAGE- English Nine retrospective mortality studies of workers exposed to vinyl chloride were reviewed to determine whether differences in their hypothesis testing results might be due to differences in statistical power. Where possible, the power of each study was calculated for cancer of the lung, brain and liver. When power was taken into consideration, the results for liver and brain cancer were found to be consistent with an etiologic role for vinyl chloride. For lung cancer, the data were not consistent with an etiologic role, in that two studies with very nigh power yielded negative results. VRD 0 0 0 7 0 3 9 5 4 8 A VRD 0002039549 133. Follow-Up Study on the Careinogenicity of Vinyl Chloride and Vinylidene Chloride in Rats and Mice: Tumor Incidence and Mortality Subsequent to Exposure. - 82-01 0229393 Hong. C. B.; Winston, J. M.; Thornburg. L. P.; Lee, C. C.; Woods, J. $. JOURNAL NAME- J. TOXICOL. ENVIRON. HEALTH. vol. 7, no. 6. pp. 909-924 DOCUMENT TYPE- journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AFFILIATION- Battelle Seattle Res. Ctr., 4000 N. E. 41st Street, Seattle, USA LANGUAGE- English 1981 AUTHOR WA 98105, Carcinogenic and other toxic effects on rats and mice were examined during a 12-mo period following exposure to vinyl chloride (vc) or vinylidene cnloride (VDC). The results suggest that exposure to vinyl nalioes at dose levels lower tnan tnose that elicit a significant increase in cancer incidence during the lifetime of the animal may. nonetheless, increase the risk of early death or moribund!ty from toxic preor subcarcinogenic effects. At dose levels higher than those consistent with the physiological defense or repair capabilities of the cell, ultimate tumor incidence becomes proportionate to length of exposure and may reflect the number of carcinogenic events elicited during the exposure period. 134. Evidence for Endothelial Cell Origin of Vinyl Chloride-Induced Hepatic Angiosarcoma. - 82-01 0184976 Fortwengler, H. P.,Jr.; Jones, D.; Espinosa. E.; TamPurro, C. H. JOURNAL NAME- GASTROENTEROLOGY. vol. 80. no. 6. pp. 1415-1419 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dept. Med., Div. Digestive Diseases Nutr,, Dept. Pathol., Univ. Louisville Sch. Med.. Louisville, KY. USA LANGUAGE- English Previous reports of hepatic angiosarcoma have not clearly defineo the cellular type from which this tumor arises. In the work presented nere, evidence for tne endothelial cell origin of this tumor Is provided by tne demonstration of factor VIII, a known endothelial cell marker, in the tumor cells. Fluorescence due to the presence of factor vill appeared intense in the tumor sinusoidal cells of all four vinyl chi oride-assoc1 ated angiosarcomas studied, whereas normal liver sinusoidal lining cells showed negligible f1uorescence. 135. Neurological Changes in Vinyl Chloride-Exposed Workers. - 62-01 0184376 Styblova, V.; J . : Z1ab, L. Lambl, V.; Chumcal. 0.; Kellerova, V.; Paskova, V.; Vitocovoya, JOURNAL NAME- J. HYG. EPIDEMIOL. MICROBIOL. IMMUNOL. vol. 25. no. 3. pp . 233-243 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dept. Neurology. Mea. Fac. Hygiene. Charles univ.. Prague LANGUAGE- English Vinyl chloride (VC) toxicity for tne human organism is not still fully clear. Because of a lack of more detailed neurological studies among tne VC-exposed persons, we conducted field investigations among the occupationally exposed workers in a plant where there was six years before put into operation a workshop with a considerable VC hazard. 136. Ultrastructure of Hepatic Angiosarcoma in Rats Induced by Vinyl Chloride. - 82-01 0170812 Spit, B.; Feron, V. J.; Hendriksen, F. M. JOURNAL NAME- EXP. MOL. PATHOL. vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 277-284 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Inst. CIVO-Toxicology Nutr. TND, P. 0. Box 360. 3700 AJ ZelSt, The Netherlands LANGUAGE- English The hepatic angiosarcoma studied was from a male Wistar rat having been exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) by the oral route for 120 weeks. Widened sinusoids lined by large electron-lucent, spindle-shaped tumor cells and membrane-bound nuc1ear-free structures were seen in the transitional zone between the tumor mass and the adjacent liver tissue. In areas merely consisting of tumor tissue the tumor also had a more angular or irregular shape. The origin of the tumor cells is discussed in light of the characteristic differences between endothelial cells and Kupffer ceils described in the literature. 137. Cancer Mortality of a Group of Canadian Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride Monomer. - 82-01 0170763 Theriault, G.; Allara, P. JOURNAL NAME- J. OCCUP. MED. vol. 23, no. 10, DP- 671-676 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical, Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Dept. Social & Preventive Med. Sch. Med.. Laval Univ., Ste-Foy. Oue., Canada, GIK 7P4 LANGUAGE- English The present study was undertaken to find out whether there was an excess of cancer mortality from causes otner than angiosarcoma of the liver among a group of workers heavily exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). The mortality of 451 workers exposed to VCM for more than five years was compered with that of B70 workers from the same company wno had not oeen exposed to VCM. The relative risk for digestive cancer was significantly higher than 1 in the exposed group. The standardized mortality ratio for digestive cancer was also higher than that of the general population. 138. Dn the Acute Hepatotoxicity of Inhaled Vinyl Chloride. - 82-01 0170707 Tatrai, E.; Ungvary, G. JOURNAL NAME- ACTA MIORPHOL. ACAD. SCI. HUNG. vol. 29. no. 2-3, pp. 221-226 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Orszagos Munka- es Uezemegeszseguegyi Intezet. H-1450 Budapest, Nagyvarad ter 2., Hungary LANGUAGE- English Acute toxicity of vinyl chloride exposure was studied Py morphological methods in three species (mouse, rat. rabbit). In rats ano raDOits exposure to 1500 ppm of vinyl chloride for 24 hours did not cause pathological changes. In mice shorter inhalation (4 and 8 hours) resulted in circulatory changes, while longer exposure (12 and 24 hours) caused vasomotor paralysis followed py characteristic shock; subsequent alterations could Pe seen in the liver and lungs. The acute hepatotox1city of vinyl chloride could not De proved. 139. Vinyl Chloride-Induced Angiosarcoma and Hepato-Cellular Carcinoma of the Liver. 82-01 0116268 KoischwitZ, D.; LelOach, W. K.; Lackner. K.; HermanutZ, 0. JOURNAL NAME- FORTSCHR. GEB. RONTGENSTR. NUKLEARMED. vol. 134, no. 3, pp. 283-290 1981 DOCUMENT TYPE- Journal Article BIBLIOGRAPHIC LEVEL- Analytical. Serial AUTHOR AFFILIATION- Radiol. Klinik der Univ. Bonn, Roentgenabtei lung Medlzmische Klinik 5300 Bonn-VenusPerg. FRG LANGUAGE- German Three patients with industrial exposure to PVC are described, who developed angio-sarcomas of the liver; in one patient this was combined with a multi-locular primary hepato-cellular carcinoma. Tha epidemiology, clinical features and diagnosis are discussed, with particular reference to angiography, sonography and computerized tomography. The non-invesive methods, such as computerized tomography and sonography, ere the techniques of choice if an angio-sarcoma is suspected after long exposure to PVC. A VRD 0802039558 ISS6MZ000 im SUBJECT TERM INDEX ACETONE 33 ACIDS SO ADDUCTS 11 17 130 AFLATOXIN SI 39 AFLATDXINS 90 AGING 126 AIR POLLUTION 30 78 ALCOHOL 89 125 ALKYLATING AGENTS 26 ALKYLATION 81 ANALOGS 103 104 ANGIOSARCOMA 76 ANIMAL MODELS 26 ANIMALS 128 ARSENIC 90 ARSINE 24 ASSOCIATION 41 87 99 ASTHMA 27 61 62 BASE PAIRING 47 BEN2ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (NAD $UPER(*)) 50 BENZENE 54 BILE 60 BILIARY TRACT 9 BINDING 48 92 BIOASSAYS 53 BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 52 BIRTH DEFECTS 87 BODY WEIGHT 59 BONE MARROW 79 BRAIN 34 BRONCHUS 16 CANADA 87 CANCER 4 6 8 9 10 12 31 34 41 44 70 CARBON DISULFIDE 54 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE 9 90 94 CARCINOGENESIS 14 36 40 49 55 103 104 108 111 120 124 125 128 CARCINOGENICITY 15 25 26 36 40 49 78 81 CARCINOGENISIS 1 26 CARCINOGENS 78 117 CARCINOMA 31 34 41 42 50 55 58 69 70 77 105 113 134 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 42 CASE 22 CASE REPORTS 27 64 lOO SURVEY 131 139 132 CASE SURVEYS 95 101 111 1 18 112 113 114 116 117 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 30 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 21 CKLOROACET ALDEHYDE 81 CHLQROETHYLENE OXIDE 81 CHLOROMETHYL METHYL ETHER 31 CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS 19 38 58 CHRONIC TOXICITY 1 15 CIGARETTES 37 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 42 CLAST0GENES1S 79 CLASTOGENICITY 95 CLEARANCE 26 COMA 33 COMBUSTION 74 75 COMBUSTION PRODUCTS 74 75 COMPARISON 73 COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 139 CYCLOHEXANONE 33 cytochemistry 54 CYTOCHROME P-450 92 98 DECOMPOSITION 102 DERIVATIVES 46 67 72 63 DETECTION 82 130 DETERMINATION 23 DEVELOPMENT 51 DI(N-OCTYL) TIN S.S'-BIS (ISOOCTYLMERCAPTOA 43 OIBUTYLTIN 23 DICHLOROMETHYL ETHER 31 DISEASES 42 DISPOSITION 33 DNA 11 17 81 92 130 DOSE DEPENDENCY 53 DOSE-RESPONSE EFFECTS 84 DRINKING WATER 5 DUST 7 27 80 88 EFFECTS ON 2 16 44 45 56 57 59 63 65 83 86 89 94 110 112 113 114 116 118 119 126 131 138 ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 84 89 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE 30 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 90 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 30 ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY 59 ENZYMES 16 EPIDEMIOLOGY 30 65 103 117 137 139 EPITHELOID HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA 22 EPOXY RESINS 95 ERGONIMICS 61 ESCHERICHIA COLI 67 ETHANOL 33 ETHYL CARBAMATE 25 ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE 133 FILMS 51 FIRE RETARDANT CHEMICALS 71 FIRE RETARDANTS 71 FIRES 71 FOOD 43 45 FOOD CONTAMINATION E 97 FOOD INDUSTRY 62 FOOD POISONING 90 FOOD PROCESSING INOUSTRY 62 FORMATION 17 FRANCE 12 FREOUENCY 13 FUMES 102 FUNCTION 28 29 83 GASES 24 GENES 14 39 GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE 98 GUINEA-PIGS 83 123 HAZARDS 68 HEALTH 1 HEALTH AND WELFARE 68 69 70 HEAT 99 HEPATIC PATHOLOGY 73 HEPATOCYTES 89 92 HEPATOMA 76 HISTOCHEMISTRY 50 HISTOLOGY 56 HISTOPATHOLOGY 56 64 HUMANS 8 HYPERSENSITIVITY 80 IMMUNE SYSTEM 35 IMMUNITY (HUMORAL) 37 IMMUNOLOGY 35 37 IMPLANTATION 51 INDICATORS 60 INDUCTION 17 66 69 77 84 100 105 123 134 INGESTION 55 INHALATION 55 138 INTRATRACHEAL INSTILLATION 16 INTRAUTERINE EXPOSURE 108 109 IRRITATION 68 ITALY 66 KETONES 1 KI-RAS 14 KI-RAS GENE 14 KIDNEY 48 LEUKOCYTES 54 LEVELS 82 93 LIGHT 84 LIVER 2911 14 21 22 28 34 40 44 48 50 58 60 64 66 70 73 76 81 90 92 94 98 lOO 105 116 117 136 138 139 LUNG 7 29 34 48 57 80 83 84 88 110 111 112 123 127 131 LYMPH NODES 16 A U C 6 H IJ 0 0 QHA LYMPHOCYTES 19 MALES 38 MALFORMATIONS 30 MAN 1 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 18 19 22 27 29 30 44 45 32 33 34 35 37 38 40 41 42 49 52 54 57 58 61 62 63 64 65 66 66 69 70 73 76 77 78 82 85 87 90 91 9394 95 96 99 100 101 102 105 111 112 113 114 116 117 118 119 120 121 129 131 132 134 135 137 139 MANUFACTURING INOUSTRY 4 MATHEMATICAL MODELS 53 MEAT WRAPPERS 62 MECHANISM 47 MECHANISMS 86 METABOLISM 2 48 METABOLITES 25 26 82 92 METHODOLOGY 93 130 23 73 82 METHYL ethyl KETONE 33 METHYLENE CHLORIDE 9 MICE 20 25 48 51 55 79 84 86 124 127 133 138 MICRONUCLEI 18 19 79 104 109 MICROSCOPY 84 MICROSOMES 2 92 MITOCHONDRIA 89 MONITORING 73 MONITORING 73 METHODS MONKEYS 123 MONOMER 91 MORBIDITY 12 MORTALITY 4 6 8 lO 12 32 70 91 113 114 118. 119 132 133 137 MUTAGENESIS 38 107 MUTAGENICITY 19 25 38 46 47 67 MUTAGENS 19 MUTATION 13 39 MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION 13 N SUPER(2).3-ETHENOGUANINE 17 N-2,4-DIMETHYLACET ANILIDOIMINODIACET ATE 28 NEONATES 36 NEOPLASIA 94 NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS 85 NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES 135 NEUROTOXICITY 1 68 NEW JERSEY 30 NIGERIA 1 NUCLEOPHILES 26 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE 1 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 18 27 2B 29 34 35 37 40 41 42 44 49 52 54 57 58 61 62 65 66 66 69 70 73 76 77 85 90 91 93 94 95 99 1OO 101 111 112 113 114 115 116 118 119 120 121 129 132 135 137 139 OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS 2 1 32 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 21 27 34 35 42 44 49 52 61 62 63 68 69 70 OILS 90 ONCOGENES 14 ORAL ADMINISTRATION 15 04-METHYLDE0XYTHYMIDINE 67 PACKAGING 5 PACKAGING MATERIALS 45 97 PARTICLES 122 PATHOLOGY 121 127 PCS 94 PCB COMPOUNDS 94 PERITONEUM 80 PERSISTENCE 1 1 17 phenobarbital 59 PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESINS 95 PHOSPHINE 24 PHTHALATE ESTERS 52 PLASMA 28 PLASTICS 5 18 69 71 72 74 75 PLASTICS INDUSTRY 68 69 PNEUMOCONIOSIS 7 112 123 POINT MUTATION 14 POISONING 33 POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) 66 77 POLYMER IMPLANTS 20 POLYMERIZATION 21 POLYMERS 70 71 72 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE 1 3 4 7 16 20 21 23 24 27 29 30 33 37 43 45 51 52 57 61 62 63 65 VRD 0002039553 ! POLYVINYL CHLORIDE 68 69 71 72 74 75 78 88 95 97 102 110 111 112 113 114 115 121 122 123 131 139 POLYVINYLCHLORIDES 3 PRENATAL EXPERIENCE 36 PRESERVATIVES 24 PROLIFERATING RATE INDEX 18 PROTEINS 92 PUBLIC HEALTH 49 QUARTZ 80 RABBITS 109 138 RATS 2 11 15 16 17 20 36 39 46 50 55 56 59 75 80 81 88 89 92 98 104 109 122 123 124 125 126 133 136 138 RAYNAUD'S PHENOMENON 96. REACTION 20 RECONSTITUTION 92 RELATIONSHIP 85 REPRODUCTION 38 REPRODUCTIVE PATHOLOGY 56 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS 106 RESINS 27 RESPIRATION 29 RESPIRATORY DISEASES 6 42 RESPIRATORY FUNCTION 1 7 62 63 65 RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGY 62 63 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 7 29 65 RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS 45 RESPIRATORY 121 TRACT RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES 6 42 99 REVIEWS 31 38 49 58 74 78 91 94 97 102 103 104 10S 106 107 108 110 120 129 RISK ASSESSMENT 34 49 55 69 70 RISKS 34 49 55 RNA 81 ROLE 1 17 SAFETY REGULATIONS 1 16 SARCOMA 44 51 64 66 10O 117 139 SCOPULARIOPSIS BREVICAULIS 24 SCREENING 116 SEDATIVES 59 SELECTIVITY 26 SEX DIFFERENCES 79 SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE 13 18 19 38 SKIN 68 SMALL AIRWAYS 29 SMOKE 75 SOLVENTS 73 SPERMATOZOA 38 86 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 106 132 STATISTICS 53 STIBINE 24 STYRENE 73 SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME 24 SUDDEN-INFANT-DEATH SYNDROME 24 SWEDEN 4 SYM-DICHLOROMETHYL ETHER 31 TERATOGENESIS 38 TERATOGENICITY 38 109 TESTE 5 86 TESTIS 56 THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY 23 THIODIGLYCOLIC ACIO 82 93 TISSUES 20 TITANIUM DIOXIDE 80 TOBACCO SMOKING 37 TOXICITY 3 24 58 60 71 72 74 75 78 86 96 98 102 TOXICITY TESTING 79 106 TOXICOLOGY 52 68 69 72 94 TRACHEA 16 TRANSCRIPTION 46 TRANSFER 43 TRITOLYL PHOSPHATE 23 TUMORIGENESIS 122 127 TUMORIGENICITY 133 TUMORS 136 137 ULTRASTRUCTURE 136 URINE 82 A VRD 0002039554 6E0000 QUA USA, NEW JERSEY 30 USE 79 VAPORS 62 VASCULAR DISEASES 101 VINYL BROMIDE 92 VINYL CHLORIDE 25609 10 1112131415 17 18 19 22 25 26 28 30 31 32 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 44 46 47 48 49 50 53 54 55 56 58 59 60 64 67 68 69 70 73 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 63 84 85 66 87 89 90 91 92 93 94 96 98 99 100 101 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 116 117 118 119 120 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 VRD 0 0 0 2 0 3 9 5 5 6 A 23