Document nmay13YrYg3pxGymDnn59rqva

*Pfv*"qP! .----- j TH*Ot ( TECHNICAL CUPPING SERVICE . Nature WUy Circulation 15.839 NATURE VOL. 220 NOVEMBER 21 1970 783 for * wruin iulubitory buLnIiuk-o in (ho alien'd phago and the microsomal fraction was prepared and incubated cytic activity after mirgery. as described by Conney and Klutch*. Radioactive This work was support**! by tlvo American Cnnocr oeetnuliol and its metabolites were extracted with di- Sooiety. chloromethanc mid eeparetod by paper chromatography1* Thomas M. Saba with changes in procedure as reported previously1'*. i Deportment of Fhyaiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60680. Histological examination woh earned out on kestrels fed 5 p.p.m. 'Aroolor 1254* for 14 days. A oentmi portion of the liver was removed imimsliately alter death and fixod in Camoy's fluid for 45 min. Sections were cut at R*ctfT*dffevnb*r S, IMS; rr%t^-<l July i:t, it7n. 6 pm. All sections wore treated with deoxyribonuclease * XI R1R K.. Baras. B.. MeNsu. J.. 5wv.. L 61* (IMS). B.. ud Cols. Vi. H,, An*. Lurk, U. R.. tod Cote, W. H.. An*. s*rg.. 77, 621 (1968). 1 (Ml. W. H., McDonald. 0. 0.. Ruberl*. ,h. s.. and Sonthwtek, U. W., la Dtoteminotiom of Cum (Api*teton-Onitiry I'mfU, Niw York, 1961). * Saba, T. It, aad IN Lwlo. N. R.. Smromt, U, e02 (IMS). 1 Doaoraa, A. J^Artk. Sur$.. M, 247 (IM7). Baba, T. M.. sad Dt Lute, N. R-, iwr. J. PAgtioi.. HA 1ST (1969). * Baba, I. It, sad W Luto, N. R.. Proe. Soe. Exp. Biot. (196S), 11A MS Jeofeta, C. aad Rovter. IK- J K*P- AlfA.. 114, *66 (IS61). * Jankta. C. R_ aad Rowtejr. 1>,, Sabtn. 1S4. 474 (19BS). Baba, T.M,. FOUbs, J. P., and IX Latk>. N. It.. J. UrtiemtoeniatkAiol Sac.. A *88 (1066). " D! lots. If. Ra, aad R%Ct. S. J.. J. BfUrnlnemAaOthtU Soe.. 1.1M (1SS4). J Baaaraoaf, B.. Hoot, 0,, Halpare, U. N,, aad BUflU, 0. In PApeiowotkoton Of <Aa BetiewhenAethHM SgUrm (adit by Ualpan, B. MJ, 62 (Bteekwall, Oxford, 1067). FUMas, 1. P,, aad Dl L*o. IT. R, J. BHirmlmmAnMUl Soe.. A M7 (tSSS). (0*1 mg/ml. in 0*1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7*5)-0<l per oonl golatine-0*03 M MgfcJOJ for 3 h at room temperature to rcinovo DNA which would otherwise stain with azure B. All sections were then stained in azure B (0*1 per oent in 0* 1 M aitrate buffer, pH 4-0) for 2 h at 40 C, washed briefly with water and differentiated overnight with 4-butyl alcohol11. The density of the staining with azure B was measured cytophotometrioally at 545 nm (ref. 12). Ten readings of the per cent transmission of a standard area of cytoplasm were mado for each of five control and five experimental liven. The for control birds was 39*7 3*3 whereas for the experimental birds it was 26*8 3*6. An analysis of varianoe of both the individual values and the means gave calculated F values which exceeded the 0*006 tabular J1; we therefore conclude that the decrease in percentage transmission is a oonsequenoe of the presence of more cytoplasmic RNA m the 'Arcelor*- treated kestrels'. Metabolic Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the American Kestrel Tsbls l. In riff* xioaososal sisisnows or oarmrioi Anosai at pater --UFinHt-- famed la msnteefr mkraomaj fraction (ample tin,, for each cruap) PoLrcHLORiKATRD biphenyls (PCI!) have been widely k found in wildlife samples1'*. PC11 aro used aa plasticisers in plmstioa, ream and chlorinated rubber*. They have baesi recommended for improving lindane residues* and have been shown to increase the insecticidal properties Dtet Coated 0-6 p.p.m.*Arnctor 6-0 p.pxi.'Araelor 0-6 p.pJL `Arodor 9-0 p,pji 'Arodor 12*4' 1264* 1282' 1202* Hein <H II S* SO-60 1(H)* 47-Si 0*00 7 86 1*0 11-60 16 46 of DDT and dieldrin*. PCII are highly stable, insoluble A dose-dependent in vitro breakdown of oestradio! to in water and soluble in lipids; so that they can persist a more polar metabolite occurred in livers from kestrels and undergo biological magnification in the environment . fed either 'Arodor 1254' or 'Aroclor 1262* (Table 1). 8ax* reported the toxioity of chlorinated biphenyls as Tliere was no apparent difference between the effects of moderate to high. One ICH has been shown to pro the two 'Arodors' nor was there any difference between duce chick hydropericardial oedema and growth depres sexes. No such conversion took place in the liven from sion proportional to dietary levels (200 and 400 p.p.m.>f the control birds. the tomoant*. These effects wore acoompuied by such The increase of hepatic enzyme activity oan thus be pathological changes aa: cream-ooloured pancreas, correlated with an increase of cytoplasmic RNA. Pro enlarged haemorrbagio kidnoy, enlargod adrenal gland, liferation of the endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver oella small spleen, dermatitis, defenthering and transient following the administration of chlordane11 and DDT1* changes in blood glucose, haemoglobin and haematocrit has been noted although these changes were not quanti levels. Intramuscular injection of PCB has been shown to fied. Our finding suggest the physiological actions of increase the rate of steroid metabolism in bird liver PCB are similar to those of DDT and its metabolites. homogenates1 aa has been shown for organochlorine pesti This industrial oontaminant should be considered as an cides*. Although a cause and effect relationship has not additional burden to the eoosyvtem comparable with that been demonstrated, PCB residues have been associated imposed by the organoohlorine pesticides. with decreasing populations of fish-eating birds and birds We thank Dr T. J. Code for help in providing the ; of prey*. kestrels and Monsanto for supplying `Arodors 1254 and j American kestrels wens trapped, allowed to acclimatize 1262' and technical bulletins. This work was supported i for a week, paired (one male and one female per cage), by the National Institutes of Health, and earned out I acclimatised for another week and then placed on od while one of us (D. B. P.) was an established investi \ libitum experimental diets. The kestrels' diet consisted gator, Arosrioan Heart Association. \ of one day old dead cockerels. Tlio dead oocksrala were injected in the breast region at either 0-5 p.p.m. or 5*0 JzriwY L. Lxncer p.pjn. (w/w) of either 'Arodor 1254* or `Arodor 1252* David B. Psaxaix (Monsanto trade names for PCB containing 54 per oent Langmuir Laboratory, ohlorine and 62 per cent cldorino respectively) dissolved Section of Ecology and Systeraatios, in sesame oil. The higtier does is roughly equivalent to Comoll University, 2 mg/kg PCB to each k *l i-H. Cockerels for control Ithaca, New York 14850. kestrels were injected with twinin' oil only. It is assumed that the kestrels consunvil rswiitiully all of tho dietary 'Aroolor', for the only ports of the rock<*rel not eaten were the beaks and feet, and tho pellets regurgitated by the kestrels consisted of cockerel down. Each pair was kept in a burlap-covered 0x6x8 foot wire oage and fed experimental diet onco n day for A montlis. At the end of the test period, the birds were killed, livers removed. Recflved 6Urch tli iliM Jnly 1.1970. RfMteauh, R. W., Rteriw. F,, P--ml. D. D.. Uennu, 10,1*1 Klrra. M. li.T27lliwc.ISA 1098 (19S). J<nwn, 8.. Johaste, A. 0, Otewm. H,, and Ottcrilnd, 0., Jfafarr.lBA 247 (1969). Momoonio To*. Bolt.. No. O/PL-211 A. 20. HorwMii, I., aad dim, W. N.. J. Boom. BoAomut.. 4A *7 (1951). Urtilrn-ieln, R. P.. Scholl, K. R.. Fahrenan, T. W.. aad LUag. X. T.. J. Hmn. KnUmol^ 8A 761 (1969). j DSW 282649 STLCOPCB4063978