Document nmXD2qq2mN8jjYGNvpBNByB8a
FILE NAME National Safety Council NSC
DATE 1935
DOC NSC215
DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION NSC News Article - No Half Way Measures in Dust
Control
rice of pneumoconiosis improb- .
able industry must do much more than
going breathed amountof silica faced stoome yet we which such buy mechanical mechanical dust
and set it
dust removal equipment
Withit there must be
the
the
the not
inin
air
- set up &
check and double
A new ray of hope lies in
are with
check
operating
operating
fairly good evidence that there
of and a sharp definition re-
be mixed dusts in which such dust |
practices
This all boils down to
gypsum coal hematite cement dilute the silica hazard
day 10
or
responsible signed upona long range healthcon- and produceless physiological reaction
pure servation policy Half incasuresincasures un- than the silica content
as
must
:
operating -
.
produces rieslattheids ta o edaochneothienrcewond'otnewofrokreNvoetr quA artszeacloonnde- group of dusts
event affair Dust control is not an
it somewhatthe same clinical picture as
is a program that never finishes silicosis in its early stages yet the ray |
general Experia seem tobein rather
of the chest shows the shadows pretty
this
control agreement
bout
grades of pneil- _ much confined to the lymph ducts The
ae
disease
four appears From mocomosis
hazard
hazard
First quartz
catis damage
not to be so serious as
trades
the
time immemorial particularly ing real silicosis a serious solidificationsolidification silicosis in manyways
in .
of the
of the Jungs by fibrosis or that it is not progressive nor does it pre-
now speak of
the
mass
danger scar
of
tissue It takes years to dispose to tuberculosis The dusts pro- hazard were always
now
What growth
|
started is progres ducing
it
certainly
should
be
classified spots
for tuberculosis
makes get started but once
therefore harmful al know is this that silicosis
first
sive a condition which will notstop and
as absorptive and
in the same category as class place for tuberculosis
tuberculosi to thrive in
cannot be cured After exposure of 15 though not
that and kill the patient off much earlier than
Opinion 20 or 25 years men in certain tradewshiacch- q. uartzlesend There is no qrueessutltisonfrboumt them| would silicosis alone
semsseems to
cumulate
this fibrosis
of the lungs
lessened lung capacity
but it cer be that perhaps simple simple silicosissemsun-
complicated lessens their capacity for physical labor after long enough exposure
to :
by tuberculosis may seldom
working It makes
them
short of
breath and
tainly takes more dust and more time |
Asbestosis falls
be
fatal
but shortens the
life
, calises certain well - defined clinical - lower capacity for work
similar con- of the victim just as angina arterio
degenerative symptoms
rays of their chests show shadows few of these
in this groupand apparently
ditions develop from exposure
to ex-
sclerosis and such degenerative
diseases
cmhaeratneristdicie as a direct result of this condi- cesses of many mineral dusts relatively do
may expect other oe
ae On the
we
low free tion
ye in silica content
tuberculosis
from tuberculosis
-
two things
a Although few of them have their
;
first a man brings tuberculosis no mat-
Inert Dusts physical capacity to work lessened even
oo
7
ter how dormant may into a dusty
in 15 or20years
there may be actual
,
A group mineral them
third
of
custs may trade he may reactivate the tuberculosis
lung impairment impairment whichpredisposes
second of this sili-
:
be harmless
in
reasonable
quantities - and have his casediagnosed as
aggra- is
The cause not coro- The result work by some investigators vated by the dust -cir:
which cosis is silica
as free quartz
-
elements in theform of
which hasbeen published
|
recently indi- ting simple
silicosis
other contracting with bined
as found free in tate clay talc erriery and carborundum : pneumoconiosis and
from tubercular silicates
purest natural forio as dusts to be inert In some animal ex-
tubercular
tuberculosis granite
and
its
purest
made
these dusts did not pro-
of flint and
gamister The studies
perimentation
gamister silicosis and the
duce fibrosis Contrarily there have --
many uses
indus caused then in the jock
been claims for disability from workers
which caused
tries sand
grinding
industries
"
fire- who
alleged
that
the
exposure
to these
the same dusts caused their ailments Ex-
generally occupation- tive brick making etc have shown that proportion that these dusts do disease not ~
proportion perts state hazard is silica and thatthat it isproportion
3
SEPTUMEZER SEPTUMEZER SEPTUMEZER SEPTUMEZER SEPTUMEZER SEPTUMEZER 1935-
18
is
that al we must face this
.
tubercu- loading cubic foot means that fact lusis is so often the
a
This
:
disabling things by arbitrary standards dust exposure that dust
result of if it is found necessary to exhaus the
include tuberculosis
control must
dust
at
its
point
of
origin
.
that
we 1.
that '
Dusts
:which
,
j
per
control to time
at thesame which gets into the
oo
;
oy
breathing
quartz 50 1: 00
~ theworkers will be 5 or fewer million million molding operationsoperations sand
. a mixing Measuring Hazard a
invisible
motes
in
each
foot
oo
of space we
abrasive abrasive
pulverizing pulverizinpulvegrizing
grouped the haven't other ;
begun whenwe get out only the other such operationsoperations can
the SucamarizingSucamarizing we have three dust baz- visible dirt We are confronted with
2. Dusts
ards
1
quarts
quarts
,
which
produces true
astounding fact that the health hazard
which come from
used in the building and
progressive exhaust foundry silicosis
progressive
disabling |
has not been touched even
98
though an which foundry
to 50
mixed disease 2 some dusts which
is per cent efficient in terms
foundry dusts
a pathology which usually
produce
weight of dust
If
we cannot
90
vis-
per
cent
quartz
in
usually serious and is
progressive
iis s not
ualize
such
an
invisible
hazard
at
.
diluted by tremendous
lime
not
yet
warns us not to throw
or phosphate parting
breathed is
poqunioconiosis together stops
which exposure safe parait motrs Jess
poqunioconiosis none
parait
some dusts which
tin ductsmotors andfans and call 10 practical often less than
control ok
theme let probably relatively
our main
ning
brick
and
be for :
quartz
with 80 to ;
have been
of smoke and
the dust
repeat million me 3.For the whole per cubic particles tuberculosis and
5
as
foot
tale or clay or emery ,
adequate the absence of
.
the
bench mark
for
quartz
dust
Since Since
no quartzor
for which
only a
:
diagnoses less milon pational histories and a more occu
hazard is in proportion
to
quartz
~
100 million particleisis s
exceeded dead
| satisfac- -
tory method ofadjudicating claims than
less quartz
the
less
danger or con- afford
to take
line I doubt
chances and be
prosecution at
, the less quartz the more dust
control whichbrings these . conclude conclude
that
common law we
it is necessary
to
must> may bepermitted
Now is there a top
particles
have
which controlling practical method for
necessary find_ limit ofdustiness
all min-
15 million but have
regardless of ridiculous because that
Let
see whether
quartzquartz content might be considered of a in arithmetical proportion
above content necessary
it is maximum
which nothing would |
wwiitthh
de- suppose we are faced the million particles gree of control
their all
oe
sanise anie
_ be safe and up which only the inert
million
learned silicosis that the ha...- We have learned
that
W
called
safe dust
might
go
install ^ dust control
It course of number
and
and find in the
andis
- seems
to be
pretty
well
agreed
among
a
we still get
of
operation that
No
mesiered
messiered by the amount of silica : the investigators that there is a
disabling results
that know of has
dust control
6
7.
| in the air
breathed
breathed This means that and
top limit
this figure or second threshold
actually demonstrated that -
residue
directly may 50 necessary residue satisfactory with boi few exceptions it is
limit is 100 million particles In
other proportional to the amount of dust in
ance for that type of dust
|
words the air and the percentage ofsilica that
dangerous greater in the dust The
no matter what the dust is if the concentrationis
it's
except
when it is over 100 million it
|
However get the
as
-to
say that
be reduced
down established
studies which have than 100 inillion particles per cubic foot '
dust
low as is
reasonable practicable established per or threshold
the safe limit or tolerance for
In between
these limits must
the Jools
lie
reasonable
to me
reasonably - sure without
continuous expo
deleterious
points of safety which
take the
o We
tion silica propor- understand now rived at deleterious billion partieclfefsectofhaqvuearatrz of inx to account .
dust per cubic foot of air none
:
of which Standards dust is larger I
.
Tolerance
larger forDust thinkwe
visualize Tolerance evaluateyour particular to
visualize
about
to
such finy millWione ofdust of parti les
know it is
size them find cause it
general - to produce
visible
5
eye
naked
The particles thetdabulsets to etc. dusty across room
sees great grubs of dirt floating in the
being whicwhich both You blown around be draft
the dust be made thecurrents not told that that is
just
The
\
;
well
and
we
a
much agreement but with some variation In
principle
million
mmostost
such
show 5 20:
content
runs from 100
percent down to 30 or 35 per cent re-
ditions Dust control
shouldnot guessat the dust has a lot of quarts
-
for foundryfoundry molding sand
- gate fire brickbrick
for tool grinding
hazard
If
spectively
spectively < To. use
these tolerances is
which are based upon .percentagesof
analyses
reasonable
of
chemical andpetrographic
must
to
talking about
~
tiny particles
tween the hearing
very fine machine machine and not touch
micron is
inch roughly .00004 of an
of
not
as Fiveparticles
small
to be
diameter pulverized
petrographic sand each piece so
an inch insizes
mica
makes just chat 1 pillion particles foraltitude orresults wecansimplify simplify
counts make lose findingsfindings
thethe value
to be the only practical
needed and
as theycertainly are are not
to know whether
the
and some moderate
Hazard and .
suspicionsuspicion may be
forevery anxious
Harvard and as laboratory piece
stages
standpoint to
about it Gust is to a st
seems to me to
dusts portant point for if
valuable examinations certain not dangerous the
contain-
atmospheres ing themshould not require such
clean
sweeping as though the
content
quartz employees tumbling were there alone quartz|
drilling Our present knowledge of pneumo- and abra- contet^'s is so limiteldimited and especialy
removal of the worker
offers hope ofrecovery
improvement
In
medicalmedical
addition
the
furnish
valuable
meansof
present
to
cases with active tuberculosis
discover in
to assure proper treatment
:
impracticable impracticable
drilling
and
knowledge their spreading prevent of these rainor dusts
is
infection infection this procedure
dusts
misunder do not ke definitely
is likely ontostir up claims or
and which
ineffecitnievfefective records
are
not
Good
bad standings
medical Such
on the
part
of theworkmen
employees which records Such examinations if made should be
begin
would show the incidence
for
ised only rehabilitation purposes hazard tuberculosis
of pneumonia
tuberculosis etc. would bepneumohnia elpful
untilthey
Equipment for Dust of employeeswithwith 20 years or
Counts Our moreexpasune would be most useful but .
the
problem now is to
suppr~ s~ be the the danger from inexpertmost diagnosis on dust to a safe limit That
usually cannot
ane
tion on
hand and
the other
misuse of the informa
moval
at the
source
by
implies its re-
mechanical ex-
;
'
the
a
groundsusaly of improved
employees employees for thotihers makes examinationexamination of haust That implies counting the dust work efficiencyor
quality of product
be avoided
purpose something to to begin within order to have
Occasionalinstallations
I urgethat
satisfac-
some basis
supporting tory yardsticks
more
yardsticks for evaluatineg valuating this haz
for designing in the equipment and recounting know
The
but ard be found and therecentrecent and current working staotisfactortihlayt the equipment is
toxicity studies hold some hope
an standard method is The impinger
foot drilled
drilling rate
has
.
for answer
expensive and
complicated slow
sufficiently ae
;
Also checking in case In the meantime , it necessary to as-
poor for routine
it
the
oat
although sume that all initial dusts contain
must be used as a standard
for calibrcation alibration We
celain enamelis sprayed
some health hazard and put them un-
simplse imple
We therefore method one that
want
air conditioning sprayed
somebody der control and rely upon the low an industrial health
not
control the
quartz content ofof the material producing isfactorily Zeiss expert can use
time be made
the dirt to locate in the third least
or least
Konimeter is a
factory instrument in hands
satis . reason ofmade an
harmful bracket
man whossomeome
of
enameled surface
doubt there are
training medical may be well to consider consider installations aminations
. The i
ex- strument imported is rather difficult many
which
which have already |
under employees believe obtain a dust control measure It to
is recommended recommended that new
for 200 I
and not too expensive
demonstrated economy
from other con-
siderations thanimproviemnt mprovement to health
dusty places
be found physically fit in
Jet order to avoid
Another instrument is the Owens . The point I wish to make is that the
condition makes
introducing men whose
them liable
which has been modified by Mr. Hatch improvement to health is too importantimportant
break newman newman
to an early of Harvard and Mr. Thompson associ to waste time trying to justify dust ex-
account of defects or ated with me the American
~ haust equipment upon economic consid-
diseases already present or who may in-
make its
Mutual to erationserations
operation simpler and
Where operations are spread
by spreading disease
isfactory This apparatus more sat- ont over a greatarea
the case of
Proper
ditions
diagnosis of such physical con- specifically for use in
was built foundries it is difficult to avoid raising
can only be accomplished by control
checking having medical
apparatus in
the dust
large granite
dustin
the
shakeoutoperationexcept by
satisfactory expensive of the
examination examination with x- shed and is entirely
mechanicalinstaltions instalations installations Most
rays a medical
chest
including
as
complete
the present time
I do not
know
Up to
that
of
those which
have come
and employment history of instrument maker has
any tion have been installed
atter-|
the applicant as can be obtainedobtained It is that
manufacture it but
undertaken to purpose of sand handling
recommended
ray interpretationsinterpretations
certainly a demand ~such cases
satisfactory
create interest toproduce
at
were far from
would them from standpoint a dustcontrol
handle the sand tonnage all right but
they do not touch the microgranis
Let us now look further to see whether some other remedies will be satisfactory
Suppose we leave the hazard tone and
put respirators on the men It won't work except for very short periods or
for emergency work such as cleaning
out dest barrels
| arresters or loading tumbling |
There should be no question
about efficient respirators because the
United States Bureau of Mines is now
prepared to make tests and an employer can justifiably finit his purchase to respirators which meet these tests Even
thoughrespirators may be efficient they
are uncomfortable and while it is not a
hardship for a man to wear a respirator
temporarily or even for week perhaps during a period of breakdownin the dust
exhaust system I cannot conceive of
work remaining contented if- they have to wear respirators continuously
for a long period If they need to weat
them and don't don't wear them properly they
them have not might just as well 1
on at
all
a In operationsoperations which can be confined 7
|
to a limited space such as sand blasting direct dition
and perhaps shaking out some types of
of fellow castines theworkers can be encased in morale |
down workmen slow helmetsprovided with an adequate sop-
production ply of cleanclean air The line helmet is |.
and
You can protect workers practical for continuous use while a a
workers
your filter respirator is practical for only |
limited periods If the dustis extremely heavy say 300 million particles of
quartz and a respirator is 93 per cent
against efficient the worker is still breathing six-
million particles which is too much
durability Think of respirators preferably to sup-
feet by insisting they wear Lehigh
Safety Shoes with the improved
steel box safety too Their feet will
be happy feet protected
injury and Lehigh Shoes
are built for comfort
appearance plement exhaust systems What else can we do to get rid of the
and
co wth
EVERYDAY WORK SHOES
No. 839 B~ lack Nik Blucher
Leather Soleand Rubber Fleel
., No. 838
Chrome
Except As Above
LeatherAbove Middleand Sole
Chrome a4 ber
Heel
!
Rubber
Sole and
'
Rub-
dust hazard is to get
The first to suggest itself
rid of the silica content in the
dust know of one group of foundries
which is conducting extensive research
involving the use of molding sands that
are bee of quartz That may proveto be
thoroughly practical and is a step in the
right
Any plant can study its
directionsee
4 operations
whether
the
quartz
ma-
being terial
is
used can be elimi-
that mated Castings in some cases can be
cleaned with water Blasting can be
done frequently withsteelgrit instead of Sand Certainly foundries can use silica-
free narting compound that is just as
nood as quartz dust Silica packing
should be replaced in annealing opera-
tions
am
quartz Pulverized
is not needed
ablative This is one avenue of
FERALUN
Treads
- Also BronzalanBronzalan
|
Alumalun and Nicalun
PREVENT ACCIDENTS
ON STAIRS and FLOORS '
A hard metal matrix into which is cast an abrasive next in -
assures anti hardness to the diamond
durability and
:
efficiency
ALL ARE FIREPROOF
Originators and developers of Abrasive metals for
SAFE WALKWAYSWALKWAYS
Specify Feralun and Be Sure
which should have thorough
cstoundiycalin each individualindividual case
EvenEven though you get rid of quartz
CO AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS Irvington New Jersey
SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER 1935
of it by conducting
manneras to
conducting
operations
in
such such
a
minimize
minimize the raising of
the horizontal
etc.
- some plants that have not been deaned
for a long time this dust has been found
to lie at the
of repose and the vi-
anglepractical bration of a passinpg assing truck would liberate
, . Cord and Cord Soles _ enseoruigouhs hduasztairndtThheisaircatno bbee ogfotitsreildfoaf
and Heels contains | approxi-
- mately 70 native cotton
by a thoroughly
means such
The Cotton
is
twisted
into
into tough ;
as vacuum cleanincg leaning or blowing dowit
_
; cords to increase wear .
with a jet wet or steam Repl
s
protection Cords are placed inthe so^le
rators are satisfactory satisfactory for the
:
END to prevent slipping
;
Non features relieve leg
strain
Be,
of men doing the cleaning Thereis an economic
|
value
in
this
item It has beenreported by some
The high percentage of cotton
.
|.plants which have improved their house
" resists heat and cold
CORDEND gives cushion
COMFORTCOMFORT to the feet
keeping by this method and have gone
step farther and brightenebdrightened up thei
| factory rooms with paint and adequat
GEOFORD and RAW.CORD
7. Flexibility and ease in walking .
sales and heels and used in duiries
. NON adds confidence and
frouz sad steel foundries railroad - , abangs muito f^ctoriesgas and elec-
RAW- tric plants ice and fuel stations
; efficiency to the wearer
CORDS and
.
CORDS guard against lost time 7 ;
9% ademe quarries mines general
10. Wemases Wemases mew wherewhere Sufety is an oe
10. workers work- infovariant infovariant factor
accidents from slipping
oa
Safe
are efficient
as and ace in demand.
the purchase CORD before
have an accident is
time to
shoes that have GRO 7
Naw--
you
soles and heels on them Your work will be more pleasant -
CORD CORD or RAW CORD
because of this added safety
Louisville BOOTH Ky exhibitBrowu See
our BOOTH SD
19
at 24th Annual SafetySafety Congress and Exposition
Hotel
October 14-18 1935
The The Lima CordSole & Heel Co. Dept. F Lima OO
lighting that other accidents have
bee reduced and work efficiently increased indi Certainly an extremely dusty place
cates sloppy housekeeping Houseclear
must be puton periodic routine
Dry processes will sometimes arimit
being changed wet processes or tam
processes While dampness will not la
dust moisture the process will pri
sand vent the generation of dust in mud
cases Care must be exercised in inte
preting this suggestionbecause water o
a
|
high speed grinding wheel
does
c
prevent the dust One of the most set
ous silica health hazardsis wet grindir grindir
on natural
stone wheels The inc
+
Infringement Will Ho Prosecuted
dence to tuberculosis is high Water
emery artificial
and carborundum
whee
may or may not be beneficial It is pe
mitted in lieu of dust exhaust in at lea
one state but we are faced with ti :
opinion that these dusts are high
anyway unless the volume is
particles worth depends upon getting
well below 100 million
Rubberized Fabric Link Mat Safety This Non
Matis especially designed for industrial -
use where thereis slip hazard In addition addition they increase the |
workers efficiencbyraisctkhetiylereorduhcaerfdaftlioguoeribnrgouIgdhetalonfboyrstand
. ing on concrete
today complete information cadmium in front machines and where wet conditions conditions
Heavy galvanized wire with
plated clips and plates
are used to preventrusrt ust Furnishedin sizes to meet your
require-
oe
Ments Low in cost and long wearing information
;
; Write Write
for pricesand
a
confcont procesHaving doneall the housekeepinghousekeeping devis
process process
improvemenit mprovement
of exhaust
we
are
remove it will tell the
tions such without raising
make it necessary necessary necessary
mechanical exhaust Di
answermolding
answer
Hand ope be d
gen
which use of
exhausted It seatos
THETHE BUXBAUMBUXBAUMOhio NE
haust system that is well designed what
must be doad to make it work I have
said that they wear out You must put
dust counts on routine basis as a check
of the efficiency of the stem Whether
you use the Zeiss
impinger doesn't doesn't must be explored
or the Owens or the
system
matter The system |
constantly for leaks
the dust traps must be cleaned regularly
and the dust disposed of so that it won't
blow back into the building If the de-
sign contemplates returning the cleaned
air to the building extremely careful checkingof it must be done in order that
the hazard may not be compounded It
is poor practice to return the air to the
building because operation is so often
badly maintained. Who is responsible for dust control
program The owners through the management are responsible responsible for the provi
sion of the equipment and the proper
engineering to produce it They have to
spend the money and is
management's responsibility to see that it
the properly neering
The initiative and necessary to control
management's
spent engi
the dust
rest entirely with the management It is
not a hazard which can be controlled by
efficient supervision and safe practices
alone
The supervisory department is ri sponsible for the housekeeping safe
practices and shop methods Some as-
signed embers of the supervisory de
partment are responsible for the maintenance and operation of the dust re-
| moval
equipment and for the dust
equipmentas countsusul as a check on thesystem
If there ever was a nice machine re-
quiring constant runing it is dust re-
moval system It won't work without
this attention
The workers carry a responsibility
too They mod use the safeguards pro-
They vided whether they be respirators or
portable hoods to place behind hand
tools
must not stuff lings into
ducts to stop drafts Dust control is a
cooperative cooperative
thing each division carry-
ing its share of responsibility Nobody
can avoid his responsibility and make
the thing works
A Correction
Thouugh an error in the caption ac
illustration companying companying the illustration
on page it
| of the Ragga NATIONAL SAFkty News
Alfred P. Shan Jr. president president of Gen-
eral Moines Corporation was referred
to as president of the corporation
Out ofthe Way Places When you make your next plant inspection
be sure to notice those more or less out the-
way drive belts motors shafting or other equipment that should be guarded,but that
have been neglected due to their location It
is a good policyto protect everyhazard even
though the chance of : accident is seemingly . a
protect small
small
It is real economy to
your workers
from possible injury and it is SafetyGuard '
Economy when you do so with K Guard '
by handy . Accessories They are furnished readyready for easy
and quick quick assembly your
man in bis
Laboratories All serviceGuard
Accessories
tion
service
Underwriters Underwriters
114Liberty St.
NEW YORK N. Y.
5645 Fillmore St.
ILL
CHICAGO
USEa COLUMBIA INCLINATOR UNION or
CARBOY
for the SAFE and EASY way
to pour acids and chemicals
-. from carboys or small and
medium size druma druma
A triedandandproved proved device attractively priced Sold on
back
money
guarantee
completely
Send for a completely illus
trated and descriptive bulle
tin giving full particulars and
prices
COMPANY THE INCLINATOR
P.O
BOX
MINNEAPOLIS 363
MINN
rene wert
SEPTEMBER 1985