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PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT AIR HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA, Inc. PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA NOVEMBER 30, 1937 % PROCEEDINGS OF SPECIAL MEETING OP AIR HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA, NOVEMBER 30, 1937 CONTENTS Page Opening remarks by Chairman, Board of Trustees....... 1 Greetings by Dr. E. R. Weidlein, Director, Mellon Institute........................................................................ 1 Managing Director's report on membership, services rendered to members, status of research, etc.......... 5 Col. Willard T. Chevalier: "Industry and its Workers" 9 A. J. Lanza, M. D.: Recent progress in the medical field toward further improvement of industrial health; the Medical Committee's plans for 1938............... 21 LeRoy U. Gardner, M. D.: "Mixed" dusts and "protec tor" dusts ................................................ 25 S. Reid Warren, Jr.: Choice of roentgenographic apparatus and technique in industry...................... 29 Prof. Philip Drinker: Engineering progress toward controlling occupational disease, including the Committee's plans for 1938........................................ 35 D. Harrington: Observations on air dustiness in drilling 39 A. C. Hirth: Work of the Legal Committee during 1937 47 Theodore C. Waters: Compensation legislation, a criti cal review................................................................... 51 H. B. Heller: Correlation of American researches in industrial air hygiene ............................................... 59 Trustees, Executive Staff and Committees of Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc........................ 63 Members of Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc. 64 PROCEEDINGS OF SPECIAL MEETING OF AIR HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA, INC. NOVEMBER 30, 1937 Pursuant to a notice given to each member, a special meet ing of the members of Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc., was held today, November 30, 1937, at Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa. The meeting was opened by Roger A. Hitchins, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, who said: "It is very gratifying to note the interest in Air Hygiene Foundation as indicated by the attendance at this meeting. Our annual meeting, as you know, is in February, so following the custom inaugurated last year this meeting of the members of the Founda tion and others who are interested in its aims and activities is held in November. The purpose is to give an accounting of the work during the year and to make plans for the next period. "At the meeting a year ago a research program, with which I think you are all familiar, covering work in the medical, preventive engineering and legal phases of the problem of industrial air hygiene, was adopted. You will hear reports today from the Man aging Director and from the Chairmen of the three major committees, outlining the advances that have been made during the past year in furthering your research program. The Trustees feel and hope that at the conclusion of this meeting you will agree that a substantial amount of work in the field of indus trial air hygiene has been accomplished, especially considering the limited funds at our disposal. "The completion of the research program depends only upon adequate financial support We believe the work so far accomplished and the work in prog ress warrants the continued support of industry and the enlistment of the present members in the secur ing of additional members for the Foundation among those companies that have problems similar to yours in this field." The Chairman introduced Dr. E. R. Weidlein, Director of I E-- -03 -- o o o o o o o o o o o oooooooo o o itc* okoia noMiso^usifi o .. sc 203 TT> < S K 00 h j gff5 *> ^ oo x-nee> wN* cc i*cs - C &OOC)OiCi0)C | a. > a ^ > ^ c -* eg _ Ea 02 KE o'" eS E ^ gS-SSSSSS c ee bt * C 4-> * e r> o |-g OOOOOOO 00000 K K >> o O kO Ot w H 4* x eg *+ eg ^ *a. 3 W Z <cg s ..>,* K -S c &-"" fc O2 - 3 'Z. 2 St ft. c c CC 0ft3* O' O O iT g c. be c CO ce X 03 ft) o o c a c 03 * * is 3 > a ee C 00 PC ZG v* & c & ce 5 .2 es rt bC a ee X ^ M 2 o 3 n: tM bo .E .2 * X is 'be o ^ >> . 03 U g be c > u fl-i. S' `Sc . & 0 03 b X ee c o l `G o o S he oK | a c H E ?* SM-)> ft* V* 3 o ^3 ^s g* 03 * o H c ^ s bo 03 O ft* 3 g** < a;-sc 0b3e -2 -O U -co -- cee gce - c g | ^S 5 be e 3 cc 5 *5 ^ >, =5 .Es g 3 2 x- he ; S | cc C. i a x it 3 > 2 ' fe -H fc^iS X (6 03 C c 2 T3 ft- -N r0r3 J2 *5 o > ^ *3 3 a) g c. o h a ee > -o ^ -- 3 .N tX E ^. x03 *> txi -D3 *- ^ a ih n ft* 5 K w ? E ,3 x ft* bo go E g 5 3 c . ^a> --ee -O .2 E N e 3 Cu o c c * te c ce Es* c ^ *.5 .2 *N* W g E B c "5 X 1m > = TJ 'D C *D 5 . 3X c c O -- u *2 - T3 > C | 08 r* o 5 XN> k 5 03 *5 ** 5 S _ a. s^ & E K X3 G> ece j a < . ftM be * o u 5 ,,03 >eMe c * C 3 s O fi t M 3 ~ u 3 ^--5 yji * _ ee 03 _c be c. 3 a M> X NX Cl > * ft) ee -- 3 o J= be 2 S CB bce c 6 *-r i > C o g ee .2 .. x cs. J ce o ?! 1m & x * v - c. c c > 2 X * aj ^ -- be C" 1am be .t c 7 4- > " S c ^C M E O - " ft* ._ *N* t X < 03 3 O 3 *i S3 ee g 203 J n ee c cW c X w - 1 E > V O t U.J 3% e fNt*- c iS VO- * ^ E-o * c 2 % X %ex ? ^ - . > xS 03 03 o5u fc 2-H JjgS O c - * 5 * v J 2 2 *) >> cC c g 2 ee & c s C ME e t: R l?-ga be - c .. 5 03 w be e: c > L> = 5 c ee x E .2 > g E * x s ^J " " c 2- ee bt 3 03 <r. tr. E ,2 c 1 s: c bc.E *o . > 41 .IT ^M- 5 w ?,K f c o rz '3 CS C g 03 c te x ?| i. r : e tr. 3 t- E -3 03 x xU > '3 G i- ^ < ? 08 ** ft. c = | CO S - * = d -f I. g J * be be i X | " 5 &< C o > X x G = i 1m d & o u SS" . g 53 * ft* A] ft* II E ^ 2= e | = < >- a *3 *5 2 5 NX ^ g h > 1-C t ci g ee O RC 2 C..E 5 -B a O fc 2 .5 i REPORT OP MANAGING DIRECTOR Membership At the time of the membership meeting of November 25, 1936, there were in Air Hygiene Foundation 23 company members and 11 association members, a total of 34. At that meeting new regulations regarding membership and the scale of fees and dues now in effect were presented and adopted. Today there are 192 concerns supporting the Foundation in its efforts to help remedy certain occupational ills. This sup port is derived from the various industries in the following proportions: CUssUlestloa br Indunrls Xo. of Member. 1. Grinding Wheel and Abrasives 40 2. Steel and Metals........................ 15 3. Mining, Smelting, Refining....... 20 (Coal and Ore included) 4. Foundry and Foundry Supply. .. 14 5. Machinery ................................. 12 (Electrical, pumps, etc.) 6. Refractories ............................. 18 7. Glass ................ .......................... 11 8. Pottery, Clay, Ceramics............ 15 9. Quarrying, Sand, Stone Feld spar, Gypsum, etc................... 23 10. Manufacturing .......................... 11 (Asbestos, Safety equip., etc.) 11. Chemicals ................................... 9 12. Miscellaneous ........................... 4 % of Mrabcnhlp 20.2 7.8 10.4 7.3 6.5 9.3 5.7 7.8 11.9 5.8 5.2 2.1 % of FouadaUon'i Iocom* to 193f 8.5 13.9 203 3.6 8.4 6.5 10.1 6.1 5.1 5.4 9.9 1.7 During the year one company, in Group 8, resigned because of a misunderstanding as to the purposes of the Foundation. Publications The Foundation has published and distributed the follow ing printed bulletins thus for in 1937: Medical Series Bulletin No. 1, "Silicosis and Allied Disor ders"; the manuscript for which was prepared in 1936. Legal Series Bulletin No. 2, "A Critical Study of Provisions for Occupational Disease Legislation." This was discussed >> c c ** *- -- x 5 #* hT *z w X (fa* .M2 b li' fl w s* m X ^ +> w c X m *S mC ** "fIt H e ~ _, -g 8 ** e* *s .2 = a o bC x 3 c : S> ft * * c si.se ^c3^^^e6lD,0e8wgo J- *|S 5B''2|'^E`^l;l,a2 +* I* .5 *a"Sfc = .. - <fl 95 ^ t aO S k. r'u55**1 fit* o s6 X 68 _ * ^.5 >* to e u o*1* .* C . 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X X 0 03 9 3 3 3 3 ce 3 fra 0 -* a ^ .2 bt If O5-3oo*5 o x S |-g 8 e- H . = -s " 6t J -5 5Xfc.G**3 t 2 -Z x %eS*l Eg "o ? a .c B. 2 8 .a ,,, b _ a _ c -g M m X C 5 CEc xi .2 5* S *^2 j,&5 H g g o mm ? t-ve 0 e b n> Te5 xw 1 : ' u c s ',* j =C.a;a.X-ucc^O'"ZK Ki .~ =g --*g _ i, 1 h a * ^-a=> a " 5 c -- 4is 8?| "So _ -Si X v bt = u I "S__ ~ 2 ! *1 i S2 M > 0 t0J x 3 x 0 * - n x ^2 2 x X>0M*3e cs x *"* 0 *3 C w v_ ms^t_0*x.1 ^s fxeirci fn x s e-0 0 e f*ee s 0 =!v.jt &a j: " v -- J! u x - fc. * gi J! g &<e S X cm fee ^ .*2* x -o x *c a* -- m* -- co 0 C.X 2 3> rfeie w05 c n Xe M k- ** a X 3 0 .-- X 0 *- X- S co X * B t 2 3 *-> cm c g*o X 3 O S c o ,p" .2 o * f3cj M* 3 -- * ^ .g | O 2 c Cm CO *- g E--^ e S 3 *" C- 2 S = c M __ X k E 3 > p*S .2 O a 2 1 -S 1 * M 0 05 -o ^ c. *X o .2 3 X c 3 >> 5 s & 0 q s-s co ^ tS *m fc C fee ^ o 5? , E >* K X 0 o x >!* U ** 0X2 ^ c S CM o k* 0 o s h >c > k kt P* 0 0 o a 2 *0 "5 E * 8w e Eu *, CM ^O n >rt T5 " 3 U O 00 2 +4 O *3 3 x * x 53 o*> s, t05 5 X X T3 k- *> Sg & o ' -- o ^ o V r 0 u O k- o, ^ -*-> O S0 o . = *3 X O 0 *3 &S - t Q> a> 4* C 5 B-3 " Ca SI E fee a a0 -S X ** s o 0 * uXE C *3 <S E *o 5 ** > 5- 0 i-g- '5 *2 *S ~ E - CO c X % 5 C0 P 0 >0C- S s E 53 s3 30 Vh 3 c x > 5; 2 S & g 2 0 ^ 0 X *S5 ** -- I-S fi. 0O cc ~ X & 5 h 0 3 .2 co ^ -- M - 0 *T3 3 13 08 a o .Es 5*1 .3 n O k *1 S u -e 2 g! s I J o o fee :s 0 c- E fee co O --s0c a-- *- 0 0 <*> o. 0 5 i* II 5 fc, ^ c o _3 > - 0 SX l! "0" e ** 0 H ^ O -s o 2c f3e "** *S 0 5 3 ec | z .t w foee s -c * E 5 je ^ E &M 3 3 C o *3' X o - ^ ^ 3 x p 0 *--33 >* O X R 2 X *3 *> ~ X 3 C 3 C S x H c- P^m c f3ee ^ fl 0 3 cm -- c 1 fc ^ M "x C -g -s *, 0 S .2 "2 -5 S 3 x <0M U. X X ^ t? * e 00 i: 3 > u k0- 1 * 0 S*JX-,'5S ^s'wbc:^ S*j .c,<t)=-"t)=23-==j8: )3 _ J; c S C c E S S f. 8) .2 5 S " c f 3 o v,kJc,,!'S8 = = .? e *j o! x n ? no g -- ? -c 5 *5i c *E * So.. E -= box8)3 2^S c o"3 . ^ k.2 f x^ x IS ^ - = E*e_*~*_c *g K ar E =fee' iu bfc, 8) g-S-c-S t>8 2 .* 0 u 0 3 >. c U ^ ^ X Ecfca--??x3^: ofec-- . x 31 ^C >1 g E E 0 4-> X0 0 ml kk- O 3 3 3 E E 3=>*<E = ^'"e)-= = 3 .> tt X Ou'-^Sog- x E0 X 3 o 0 < o .li J .2 J 0 K >1 *3. E 3 *3 0 X 3. .3 O "k fe ' > i . > ' >. *3 *3 C a --- 1 J3 0 8 X --- -- X fe 3 > *0S c 5 ot 0 2 3 S5 2 2^ **= a b c EJIoct-coo ST x 5 3 x o = : x ".2, S E 3x .2 ^ c ^ ft 3 " o X fee o, -m 1 s jc ."j:--v S-b->J*=" - o ^ c .,*? 0*-3> f0ee J " X0 x be x "05 VH* X =3*. aw j-M: o 0C. `s 3 0 0 0 X X X = . 0 .E " o > J) tJ --> 3 X 0 - g 2 Sf ~ k = --* > > o ;go,a X O 3 3 _ feC 3 *- x t k- u *P3 I C ! g o a ^ o_ XV. ^c *3 O (3 . 3 mi XO0^3^S g U >= ^ = *c X x S CCX`r-3*^S3X t( M 2kay. ^ o~ . c x r 3 X C ** > " "E, 8) a be o ; *5 g < = -2 < a 0 *0 XX o 33 i0S-M 0 k-55O**05 31 b Tf w x E ^ fee x * 5?fc.t.wa-w3 E f s fe CL0X 3 *" o *3 C ": .2 x x 2 0 " -s n = o >, !S : x a. In ^ mi 0 3. K B d ^ 2 X^ be 0 vh e cm ,a|"=:S-- 8 2 - 5 v n e fc g 0 > 0 ka S JB |g II fee O c E X 0 mi m _ '= 5 b. St ^1 E =i "I 6) = 3.x 5 o k. -3 0 = a & .5 C 3 B k- si 2!;si-s 8 3 s e 6 tt* g ` c. e 1 >> c ogiso * = 3 ^ si c M O 8 O S __ Cm >3 ^ j k = _ E = a J X 5 M 0 c 3S r* X c .2 3 m X --* e tL * B. -c m +* 3 c, - 0 0 % 8 be r0: o 0 efl 3 S, m 5 * C.-X > *m 3 C p .g *? 3 x x ** k, .2 -= * -m ^ O j: J 5 n 4^*^3XC = i|ib s *2 ? x V- S 8) z= 3 m > m3i C 5 ^ k 1 Os . C 0 V 0 3 =.-* .e3 ^ 0 C b js V. C c .2 *J s fc. - p I k< X 3 O 2 ^ V >> c S ! &8 fee 2 ^ <M 0 T *0 2 E ^bb^X --O II O 3 3, * ^C^0 _ -- i ^ k. c > 1 0 3 > 8 - X fee t ** *5 X r ~ *E X 3 3 0 O .t c. gba3i = g-Eia c- fee I* 3 c 3 *J fca 5 = 2 e 2 J= = 2 fc * | fee x 3 -- *o2 x* .2 J s & = c 5?s5 .-"CxPoS^c;^ s = = " o = = = '= o 0 w O, b . ~ 0 k KV) JO i -g ** be Si s g 5 BX % ^ .""S-igfec e> s . ,5f K r -- = B.J? b 3 " 6) ** 6 sM--`J^ a E c S'og'g 0 0 - 3 X -* Q *O* Sis bt * 2 O. * ka 5 3 fee 0 X X 3 3 .5 k | S *" & Sc-jc-=-^Sa* X ml .Sr . ee = *! .= 8) -e|s-^1 0 > C R 3 cm . X & 3 3 & E. C. 8) >a 3b ia XB =y _ -- -=v s ~ 5_&.2-r 3 k J 0 | E M & X *o 0 x ml = E _ .e o 5 - E 0 ! Ti i ,5 + . = 0 - -- 0 X .5 "-acS'gt'. e2 . = 2 = c g - 3 t? tX 3 3 T fee 3 *0 0 Cm X -J 1- X 3c 5'b c e : * C X 0 .i .E 3 -2 -- 2,p: -c s = 2 7* x X^3<3--3^ a i a k- 3 o w 3 S bEE? p Cm ml >* .2 3 ka * *" TC K 1=1 c -- 0 3 fee tf ka a-> 3 3 o-- |*-S = = & g 5 ? -- > fee a = .5 2 e " . fe t -5 -- .X fv* -- _ O GX 0 . C > X x H x - fee 0 3 H c. _ c ~ 3 * 3 X . p 0 -c 1. &5 s S-g " b-I s|= t SSf.Ecc 3 & gl EES w- be 2 x o0 2 3X X -M > 2 >_ ^5- x fee 0 0 x $ x o ._ ->p. fac = i > t- c i aSssS.= Oe rz -e O -O w C 4> v ts 03 > 9 69 >* 65 9 > X e 44 ' *9 0> tt JS c .2 03 -- 20>3* J8 *t*t C - o tMt tt fa- c e a. 5 * E" * S * "a E v o> g 4x 9 *9 t X *9 .=L 8-S" tt 8 03 68 O E . e C z > bf pO stt s ^ Er S .E 03 g O o C ~> g*- o 4i e o <2 ^ c o * Brc ~ 3'e 5 B -, Se fa x** g ai o 09 E _ e S 8~ e-S E o& *l!S.2t >> " c i .2 41 c E bt 1 -Oft 8y9 O ^ b 2 S o w03 tt If = ^ fe 2 2 tt ^ ^ tt b v 59 tt S-S 9 =PC !s > * e , E * be #tt 9 fae 03 -- > - 68 S 0) P P " 4 Cm *4 w O e O ^4 D5 CQ *^ tt fi E 44 m 68 X e. o be *, 0 44 2 X 44 ts "O 03 JS tt 03 c ^O tt 03 -C 45 " ^5=5 " * w R 0> M 9 a C.X s 45 * " *go s- PO. a.-= Js > tt 03 be 5 c E o JC tt 9 ,, tt t: tt v o <J8s " _ 3 be W W M tt * a o a "9 C 03 bfi 44 Xc 0 55 c w s 2 ^ be *- c ~z ^ be c ^ c c n- 5 - ^ SS 0 9 s 44 a ft *4 5 o. g.E 0r3 0c3 os e 0) 0> 5 X fa- c - o c c *>*.-9 ** je tt y O*. ^fa4 **9C4 s tt *0*3 s?-g 2 u !>1 Be C * X fee 0 " s M'S ;* fa > c fa- Q tt m4 ' *o 5 tt E 5 03 S n ec tt.fi tt fi a si 11 ^ Cm E A n 3 tt 09 o be 1"ill* o -- 4> o c. c dX^ C 0 X ft- M>4. -- Jfa> X tt 0) o a -c c: x c JC M4 " I .*8 e S O js " M --45 tt `S2 tt _68 fi .2 O 44 03 tt 6 ^S t c E o 44 >> X be -C -- ^5 *- .C ^ _ R 9 0 O *C5O cq 03 tt CO cfl 5 03 ss 4 68 9 ~(8 tS o ~ s _ 09 J+S> S tt g 6 6 JS fe *g j tt c -- 9 03 03 c9 X r E E 5 R 0 44 c i 45 09 C 8 05 -9 fa- x= x 0) CS 44 2 s 0 O *>5 |5 B O 09 09 c e O tt 05 ,,4< > **> .2 e J _, e . OJe E ^ X e ft. 9 03 X '5c*Ji'nUfcC.-_c. o? = % -- a 9 , S E *g 2 03 5 0 * 03 s 5 x be be i4> s g "5 f*ll' *w4 ** j- ^ =9-*09 ^ 4) ** x "5O fmct *^ fa fa n 03=C C *^ft S-l . eEE cc--x*2 Z ,5 J J-E V *i _ -3 09 09 Is cu g * " -g .2 c So- v 9 >. ,, t- S c CO fc Ba-*Cc 55 K e o4,) ,, - S ^*5 ft rp J^ js Si 9 fi x ^ 03 -2 be 09 h4 *" |s^t 'c. SO"S fe " ."a*%eC 68 k c I | c. 3 *-|95 .iSr "iE. tt R11C 54 cJ= -5 ^4 > o 2 tt K E E .5 *Wc ptt C c =ft c *5 11 +> ^ 9 P . -9 .E *043 tS e ff 68 03 2 S o " "5 : s-5 . M 5** gE MJ gP -,,l) 4sg = 1^1= 1^ JS Ce .. -v C9 o g. " 4-> fa. . be *9 *5 ec 03 JS E | > E 1 * 9 - Jd ^ 2 - O js = ^S 5 S * E Cm EO i ; 1.1^1 B -- e X c s I p- > 2 * 0) 44 09 68 8 Cm ^ ft. -( O 4) JS .h M- ^ ** o= . 5.5r.S s-?S.tsS, isil-5 MM fa- w ? tt JpSfi *J3 *- , ^ aC^c5E ^_____ be tr. .t--t jg B s s C tt 83 g S 9 H E 5 2 o> 01 ^8 9 JS w c 1 c .2 C -- p e -M0-3 44 tt tt fa- 44 > --tt tt -- i C S 6 --- __ -i*S" L"1"..-*6*8 K be c = rw -- u 03 9 X 0- O c 52 -c 2 I * ^ T9 ** 9W B ^ ^ tt 0 399C S " E = -- cE fa. JC tt 09 - 9 tt -- 68 03 "g tt 44 E tt M4 *9 -ca S 44 >* - C ^ &ft* 5 g `5 c. " ^ S E g & E tt -4 4) a O "g 9 sft ^ 03 05 C ^ `C x S C ,> Nfc c c0^ ,,tMct4 c. eft JS *t5t M4 ce fet C c c. tEt a^ a 2 e8 * . 4ft -ft tt &D -Nt *M3-| be P Ctt Wtt *o H I, --, > tt tt. V- -- tt <2 js ^ -S 09 JS jc JS **** mJ a 9 2 s it *t5t -4f-t 0 -O *9 M i S 4J ft *J *9 C- E v I- -c Cm C.EB E 9 4- > JD u ~ n iM C 9 C a a > 9 c E -S g *a 9 5 ^ c E "i? ^ R O J*C4 2 5 a a -CS* *4 C CQ M ^ 3 0tt c ^ * 5 *9 > *S4! "was E - 05 t* Si *3 ft -s'S * 44 be oi --. o 4 c Jr 03 0 *5 B ft s >* - -- E 2 4 -o V 4- 4, _4i Ca. J | X c E C .C 44 *" y .5 C fa. -- ft tt 5 -= 5*5 O C___*4_44 -- >. 44--0 <K "3 .tt 44 -4 fa. tt ft >> ft g| H g 41 C 44 C 9 c.2 0 s? C fa- U4 v: 53 -2 o = JC CB MM faM fe 0 . JS I 5 Ex .5 -9 .c"- 5 5 S O o g o> -- c. x < x fe E .2 ^ 5 ^ E0 * 6g --4 tus. 'o ^ o = . fc - _ > * 0 .2 x T3 4. ^ m 0 _ f_ee "*4 giS*+ - *5 O ** ppm f.S3 tt . M4 be '* g x _ c .- -9 ^ *wo - e 5 F " cb SE ,J5 g c .JE i- *> . - - c *> "V ns c be (0 ~ fe "O C 4) X -- *g 5 5 *> - " 45 5EB sV B _> . _->S6 fa- 9 tt C fa- *4 tt fa. _ ; *9 o ax -- b ft CJ -- _ u a5? fafa* m--*m tm pC #M o MM -- -g: jr;j -r- tt t- -c . s00s ft 0 #0 0 0 ' > 44 jp I .s i 0 0 Q K ft - X ^ "O-OdO^Og ^cc-Ca,!^ -- ^ e o|?3 we *J tt 5 r w JiZ; B "9 g tt S - U .5 o > 0 fa- Z s 2 s'sv-s* S-e J 2 - e J e. S: a. S 8 & 9 O C -s'2 i x . 5 S be -o . o a & tt 2 g fa- K 0 g E be M be = =X * *o3 M,* J: --0 494 S I 44 -d x ,, 03 _ R tt S' o be .2 m ,fi "-- j .2 g S 5f ."e " .D'8 *> 3 I- C O tt 2 ! S 5 S i . > tt E S *o -3 E -- a0*_0 0o u ft s 2 sl i >B f0a9- tt ^ tt tf |4 *5s fa- -- Sf -g & c R JC tt r . Si - a -2 *a w .e jc w JS - C O to 0u gtt 0 T3 a 6 C 44 *a c & 8 -I 43 fa. -4 IE t .2 2 = ft 44 *9 a 2* *0 oX o e -o ' > SS2 fe ft ft w tt a tt 0 c a *- jc -- R . O bc - o * ** x a ft c: " R -- 44 Sr 44 5*=^ o v- "a g 44 9 44 fa- X . -t3 C s a ft c R 0 Q, K,, .fee JC c O cw jo be ft tt C g o HI 0 44 ft -- C 2 ii > M 3 fa5 R CO E is *c 2 R T5 -- C 5 a fgt 5 -i J0B x 44 >s cA ft jc -0 ft; O 44 = 2 -- 3 44 =0 0 s* = E o b JE O .2^-9 *ft 5 H h 8 cw"=s ^ S fc s^- E- u g-2 " 3 R s 44 fl> . ; -o fa- --; c 44 >> 2 Sg ft tt 5 ^ .ft; E . oi R fa- X R 3 IX 9 o ^ M O 8 * *. a O u x ft; w a o J8 ft K K R tt t2t =0 - 2 > . X -9 sS-g If tt R0 |? I 8 9 tt E " = a-= E B O a- &S _ .2 -9 ft ^X I > .2 M 2 -3 .s-s be 7 E J2 13 pS ** c O B x X c C wX fa. I -g g-i S 2 E 44 Cm p b "'fan. a s R a ? u *tSt x tt 5 ^ n- 8 S. 8 *4 0 *0 i be o s J ec O 4^ 44 0 0 55 J R c o v. 44 C *a s x . e E a = e 8 #g 0 f ft tt 0tc R Xl fa- c t0c c0 |ft fS* . fa-- c R C 44 CXt *. u B *0 o 0 X o 0) c cr. ft: *5 -- 4R4 UT *9 5'tt Rfa 9 K " - 4 r be B " " B SOISg fa 5 . K -- -- TS ^ C fe C5 0 --c bfaej 5 E "= 9 E R S = O 44 S) "O C *TM 5 5 >41 >ft, fW* 9 K . c E ^ s .- tt 3 * ft 03 ^ 44 55 44 *U " 0 c *9 b ^ X M4 *--9 &te.C.'ft e 0 g 0 TJ 2 'S *-i 2o a ^ *5 = g o .5 a r; R C a 44 -- R C MM 0 44 ^ _ "r & ^ Z 44 0 >-< X m 53 X g P O X o X CX e'SS 9 tt JS C 9 S 2 ^ mft " I am convinced th a t unless we come to this general philos- ophy among bankers, not by law b u t by a process of education and public opinion, banking w ill pass altogether out of the hands o f private individualsand into the hands of gov- em inent" ^ tt .J *w xS s6 --w X e cs * .2 * c. c *-- 52 2 12 o *c. o a x es * v c X9l ** >> . "S o w .2 9$ ft, 5 0 JS *5 m g .E *5 c | g Q *S 1Sto tj Cul e- 5 * a g X 05 V *2 ----- 5 * X 3 1 g JS h bk. 5 efcS8 ?*" S^ S 5 mh O S TJ ^ f > s*1 * * c gJS B *5 8 >, L.c 05 X Jg *to g> ^ gS -cj (|oe5 ! S> * s a. i Si eg * bfi m 2 x Oci * fiS SoH j= o -S gM.i ^ 4) tt g >v <M O ^ & u o g big " e St g g 5 E % IJ *i2n ^ a*>- *22 = . c- " E ~ 5 -O C -2 MX 2 *r. 6> J, V G) -r o 2 5 cg. *>5 "|c sZ| c, s 0 ^ K -M ^ I , c, ^ cs vw 5 I i j; m. >, fc " s x X2. 5; x u gt o vs IS**** 2 m 2 M *3 I 3 " 2 C CS x ^3 a - o it~ s * J "I S *: s -a . , II & * 2 33 o rt 5 .E >> c E c 2g !jc vti *tos K ^x 22 o e c * g 0 Su3 ta> tV w> s JHE I ; - ? .2k 6C Crs gs g.5 I 05 J> 03 ft) #5 -M O 05 > 3 Fx ^--m *G2) c6> u *cC -w- I-g c c JZ K ~ *5 a | S ,.= * S| &. c E ^ *-< *5 g x -- = -c S "s <2 c " I X 5 * I V I * cX ? c O c . e Jg~~S Et c|X * i<s Com x S C8 X I U * 'H.X ti 3 JS n c S S jf s? g 111 -- 9 * -S B k ** * s * -- B 2 & ? o u> c m M * E o s " 5 *2* ,, J 52 ^ 01 * S EO X > ** O % j; c > || >3 * c * c g v f s "i 93 *feli 1x m2 --- .* = g .^ - c gO .sK S c & M 5 e S^| JrS- 5 tt O u s *5 c 9 --: ~ m b e kM ** X _, E Z V- i | 53 u --* 11 e* _3 d O " g g. - &x E W "See OC tOo Ih ^(0 c "S ?**> 3ai .5 c v Ef | 5*? S CO O O^ M Cl ^ fwt? c & co H f x ^ *2 o w > -O w a S I s * Mft) T~ fe I -g 53 0-2 ~ (1) >, m . 2o ** _ b, E s a a x -5s * =5 *M .'-I V* >> o> c * g S K ct s(Mft 2 it >> c. g K :05s^ % & I 5 5,2 53 " ** s. T! o . 2 >, e 81 c 3 s *ft>?' ^ rs CU 2 X 2 Jz 3 e x /mm (ft % ? c p. e 52 x 2 e. C* J2i ft> BS bO GS X 1 . .= M 3 Sf -S X *1. ^ . S - c g x u fe 5c| c ^ Si ,, c c: > s X K 1 =2< co o t E . (ft (ft x a =C1 > K c 5> -K ~S S x "E K w ._-g* e Is 2 -- a? 2 X a| *& ! K 9 o be c bc e >* 0 s 'k .-- w jk .2 c. *Z ft) be e. a 8 ifli E wSf 8 " -1 o JS. E "S >mli ^ Jfc V54 the general public may take one o f tw o courses. I t may take the course o f increasing governmental control. The people may say, "Government is the only means by which we can effectuate the results that we are try in g to achieve." They may decide th a t it is hopeless to do the job in any other way 3 C o 9 P tc C * g P' cea e< *t5 tr ^ c r.2z x s> O 05 M * oJ W 3 S3 3 I ' g h. e ee|s- ---i*gs-x2 3 5 5 2 g = be c (R 05 05 2 .F 1027 ^ > ? > 0 u r^ XCu tt -e X XH g 01 c <= 3 JB k O ^ *0 x^ >` t*t c XM3 ^ *_C?-2 xt$t. w ,2 tt L. E M O = 5 tt ** o.S a *-- M&4 .& X - 0e1 X X .5 c tt -- *9 .2 3 ft) S E C.-2 c 52 K ( >* E 3 CJ X 1- C '* *c E S C-cSm Sj5<*33 X, sTTM3 _ 5 g S5 S m*1i*-SI* *5 M JJ = , X u sE X fel E 0 O -3 " os -- C X & 0 CU^> E E * s.- 1 M S & 8 $a "cC v- a -S = *" -Bw (ft k > 2 b>> fe g -s * c 05 2 . r- M Mtt .E S u ^ fc > *m p , 2ts? .E S c X c 05 tt ^ c. -- 5 u = c ex* c V -5 "' E ., IE fc*-52 JM| Ma >> 2 tt =: .E *"4 g w &C 4t^t M<ft x *> g M 2 g M ftg t . x .fc fi. w , eft m g J = fc 1 . .2c o S -O n < o x -3 So c. 3 t; 3 3^+SZ !f- tbk*t 5?*=5 =eM -9g ^1 u3_ bc^ fi. Xc X tt 52 ^ e & M 2 be g o * 85 *5 S SX h =3 .so 8 S.** 8^ 1O0ft f* * E M g X X o tt ^f hM 3 V8- . ^ cw C5 s (ft X X a a . c s + x <+* (ft 5 05 3 os CB 5> "~-K-0 yf- 3-5 5 c *c) (^ft _ Ml r*2 " u e 05 tKt --C c a > c * Mcs --C M4 M &*= 0 ? 2 k > SL 3 `tt 2m tt S o_ ht D gc f--c c5cc: x25* o* x n C *" ^ m 12s0 *-g*c* 5 *0-15 s tt *m I E O be X c= |f ? ^ .2 C 0 .2 *C Xtco tct .5c s x >tt . 42 5 E2 xrt g T = M . .S I| XS. X*r*-" c(ft ^ . 3 C .2 -% S > g Se? *7". a? tt *to to a. tt g Me -34 c(Ok bcx 2^ Jt*r ** > 2 3 S M B o ! w w e ^ g .2 S, xtt . x^ 2 0 c %w w "S .93 u CO Sk 3 > 'M 4) (ft W c c *5 ^ M H A _f* >. __ X ^ l fc rf~t-/ X--2 ^ P c x tt t E bC > X -cD c. 52 2 tt 2 m o g cS.S *t2t .2 X~ tat c '5 S C* tt ,O >> = [ft g -- *2 > tt c .s - tt .>z . Co tt m C twt w ^ * 2 r> s| M s' 3 3 g KC B 3 S , ^ > J 5 s _"_ fcixt jj = c _S s E c (m M T 3 "? ebe Xo iscJ>ct 3 o tt Jr = O 01 ^ 01 T3 ft > S ftt/ tt W M C 2 V - R tt O **s- - S X > c 5 .> tt ^ tt 5 I X 1 g Ss - *g| . :^ - e> fc 3 = be - 5^ u 2 9 = x^ XW LS sP p X & '2 *P ^ C le > e- 4- C __ S S ^ 5 g S . " I c " >, c g.g^2 2b tkt X '5; t -4 c -5 01 s c >k fVix* 1 (ft ^ * *t2c e. ^ T5 , .M5 Cw Z X5 'Z r E2 tt *2 X * *> v. g 4 1 3 3 12 I (ft *3 = 2-4-3 c 7 S If o >, c. S c u SE E TS be * o 5 1. o -_ a <0 sz 2 M > J -E 2 o w. I fc O "B = 01 >> g V 2-i| m r- c k cs x *-5 **5* a -tt IoS Jg s__ w C M ; x 3 x C -4 a E a . _ ai ? = = g = s, c, M tt .*C ^w 7 e S S X foSi tttt CSf 8C- - c C .2 x^^ | a S- vg-< e=s3i w * K < s. c- r~ -c = r = * a C X e ^ m c. H ct * 5M- ?r P x 5*> ^ r: sigs. 2" ^ ^g X G01 VCj +c> 0f3t Z>i c x i= fftt) s ift^ aJ -i .J. c 7 c . > o . o H m -- ft) > --- = 5 -C3 & K S - c Eli "" U 3 ft) I 5 " 1 - -- c. .*t -Z. 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S = fa > -- 4' .Sl ^N -S bCm'O'fc'fe'oj 2 c & a g W NJ X m0 g3 IS Hn f--f 2 * -"5 x C l> 44 - M 32 =s - e> o a 33 1 C NH w c s 2 ft - fc ~g?^=58 f&i X2 X cj:.--- vc n I g t? <n In f 5 D 5 -r c " " 2 ** -- ofc. 3 n J5 o fa- S g ^st5 >1 3c2o X * 5p* XO V c g -1 X _ o f Bon .5 W. v * I E 8^xg'g*fafa 8 tn a E ^^ ^ B .2 8 I? 2 a'f ^ l*e> C ax > s *a c " fa o | c ^ 09 SJSjojlj;5 J *3 lgo Jj " 44 " .2 I "O X aIn vW ?3 JWb 2Sj 33 ^ = nJ q> ~f 1 -- OoN X<4-4 2fOstN 2 3 fi 0 t; be . 5 M C In 33 g X " 5 X S* t-**5^-,fc> - . 2* ^ *3 > O C - H M 3 *3 ccr --c -- .-*Ei. =c E o 5 p o be .5 g fi be c & Do xns n--s In C a -- c In S-c- * 2 5 ? ~ bfee"fr's~ s fa r a " = pt*s-e &W--S ?--2^ fa-w > T3 o* a> _e 5 E >. |-fa fc O > o S 5 8 1 co .& *co _5e 5 In s I Is 8 03 fi G G x*-* >t5 a^ 1 S' J S g ^ -S &-J - a In C. to m O 6 *.2 '?r -S1 e 8 & - JS fa c Sft*. be s 0 *5 23 3^ x --Q, .28 .Sa E a-- -- > Sv s ^ 2 a CO O, I 5 & & u so (8- 1>X 8E fa 3 r - 3 8 ^ ft fi fi X o g| E >n ,c-etc| fje- ^ * g-S g --8 _tncn- 3 ' " * s JS _ * E-- - ' J3 X 4.J 3 (0 fsa- -s O _G _ X O > c *5 u S 8 5 JT ci &2 " co X 3 ,E o o x X -o X > 8 5 s -o O -- **N CJ fi c*. 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S3 ,, Mfto>^ec^ao3aftiL-.f#t5d?$" S s - P 8 >,3ftcrw"gft r =fc.ftxx Kft 3 E 55 C* X X5 G - * x -*-1 o _ _ , ft. c s|^4*s *;. *$ zo-*S *t.s*r2 tc 6t ~. 503 .s2ft g o ~ k ^ g c **< w = V-- tr. -Sf J 03 *c ** -- ft > " S b I I - 2 ^ ft a ft ^3* ` "5r t . >*n c " e c e ~ c,r"3--* ft C ft X X e- < 3 r a! t *> H-e= ^w C *-- C.C .2 5 & S g e .2 X X I--2.I P < .22 ^ ia3 < " " 'ys-g P, " -J .2 2 w w "0 fc c ? -e-2 O ,S c 'S ft E SA ^ *i sWi S S o . *e 5 2 r..,. 5_c X= = *2 c s e si'ftS , e e<a)oiixu5||w~og a 3 X v. -a > n ft a o | s S >-- ft 'iSS^ OB'; s M = = 5 s' X o fc S E B a X i ~ I = ~ 1 5 O | I " I f &.2 s ft ft ft ft ?5gjs>!iii O K -- x fee * ft 03 --c g > kt o e/9>S-=-*-,o.ug' gfci-O 3a .Ss.g Oo>uS*n F o C " tl * .2 *r c x ft -5 3 -3 3 CQ ft ft *65 ft 2 3 ft aw I Sc *5 ~ >i c"e2.5 fc > `S -a -- ki. ft ft ft ^ 2 2 -- * *e?: a x ft ft cc lEf Xto * M .32 x Jof5t **c* agS ^ .c2 ft 'm cQS e ? 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E JS * c a | $ ^2? c-- r0?: 5 33 3 E d C --ft *C2 ft = -Jag-"fet;-s=;5s"M-g-^ a ft -- ft O X t- v 33 & ^. 2 s g ^ ^ ft *^a ft CS *E < C& "3 r * |S>s B g h?Scc-1ii5c2 .a22 c-- a c J3 ft 5 o a c " ft c ft ft *3 s gJ o w *" ft g <= -2 bC ;0C- be E Kb_C. Xft *3 *c a c Is +* '30 M cS .2 65 *c g J3 "S rt " S x: t 5 rt H *- V S <O S_ Si * Ji a S-t55.21., ft*"!"SflS >,a-05 1 gg > C *-s 5 5>1 ftce- 3 o *2 " be <L1 JS a ft ft _f_t______ E fcl >0 - & > ,, .= -- e. g- S g 3 -0 *zta 5*a- 0 u o O h a (< 32 " ts I c - S * -H ^ ft . ^ Eg s ft c *ft Mo c! 'a"5jr ft K ft c .s. X c c ' - g|i X bf i&=5 = 85 t ^ ^ X Cs3 w a ' E ^ ft -u ? .2 W 2*0 5 c/ ^'2 il x 5 ?5 2 P v a " s E *S 5^0 i eg % 3 ft m a&ox--feaw ^O C* ^.s > cww-Sosg^'c M .C. 03 ~ *5 * '5 v 0 G. j: v "Z. 41 5^ -gc Xo >>*. PiS- .= aj T? , . 2 g3 Vw3 r-+ ft ft z O aft w ,ft ft Q e E 5< 2 - 5 ^ ^ B3 " g & B) 3 O --s lli I a2g._-"^s|>. m o ao M 0 - -e *> >v > " *S S *-> ."L* P*** X P5 Ctr. ft X w xft = .2 . _ Jtf O t- wf5S"t)S'r,,e| 8^b*. -- ft 's-a t- ft U- so C v. M *E -2 < t5 * E g,:'l s S!-| 8 _ s> * `1 S-e|I g c g-s c5 3* -Us 3 s S i _ 3ft M g c .Si 65 _ 1 s S J g > C O 5 E e * ra ft 2 ft c c--x ft 5 ffti53-S i:s ^5 js " u 3 oC cft V. ft ft * r? r i E 3 0 o i-1 o?g ft |fe||l,gf~|a *u3 .c^ .g2'<<:> |_ -c ... = ? gcS 2 *7o* A X ccc in jtg; 5 n -- > ft E > X o: C ^ Um O fRt 30 C"Sj= ^ ,g - S^-a'cS c c fs.-c0 .g E K. _-S Mg 3ft =C5 X3 H g ? I S fe {! b .2 -2 =r.~2 g2 - . 5 . 5 3 | K e '? '-= 3 0! C -c -- fe ft c ^ e ft X k^ ' t. - c ".5 ft c -- a-> X v- = : 3 ; o -ptec.c-ort;BatJB-a -=g B C C S *a* . b t if* g - 3 C . S>.E=-a ? e = ct; < ft 8 -- '2 2-E^o C.2c5o5c > &a--J= "ac^s^t' c. 2 3 c C o J" tr. o a -J=c>gg^. 'ft X 5 ft ft C X a a o . = > -- - -- X cs *tJ -- xOft o~2 t) S C H ^ 0 2 H c -- e g X = C is ft 6 Si-g M ? Jl 8 e.-8'S J ,a OX E 0 -fc t o tc ft = -* X 3 aw js S x w e.3 ft .5 E3 ft u & ** * o 3O g3 ft/ ,! .02 *c3 C *3 ff ? e X C -o ^ -5 *' & 51 Mb $ *5 tt ft) O *= S X 01 r= ft ~ ft) -- 0 .3 ** ft C. .2 K &.= g ftg| E tf O O ft U X 0 ft ft O . i fe C ft C t ft ^ a c & c ? >*- *J <n 00 0 C , .2 *> C mJ2 0 ^ -C ft X 0 ft o " i ? := * k 33 tn 1.1 3 S| fOt 0 ad o I ^ & 0 Q oM s 5 g ,, .2 ft X ft -- ^ a 5 ft ft 3 ft : j C 5 C l *> lJ c cr i- 3 | Cft) ' 1- C *2 g 1 2^ ^ g - 2 g 9 0 * x c , ft tC ft C0 ft o Zfc xS a u a_ X * 0 g o W . ft) S o 0 <C O ft 3 ^ a c- _ ft 0 ft ft "-3 a 5: i X 5^ "-ig I E~ C ft faa E2 **p fot/ s6*c> h *tr s i ft * 05 . *- > .* .. Wa =5 ? x ft -= * V. . CJ hi K tt > Cm 0 -- W. 3 X !wS *.2a x Jee3 * 2 LJ JK5 ft>), X *v3 afaktd)i to. - ft 4d _ ej ft ft ^ p | a _k 5 5 :sf 05 B _ ?! -a c r 5 w 3O z if i .f=a >! 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X * > ^ togft 5 M ft 00c 0 Z? ft f0t .5^ ft If. c Cfi O s = 3 so sj & afdt ft ^*3 4-J -o ~S c f B " T3 c E -- JS r O *20 * Ufet X *0, ?- s_ 0 X 0 --C l-H ad E .K = ^5 .ft O *r t S C U e -- ft u SI -- 2 >-- * a o P e >o 2 o co a ^ S c W ft a : c k 0 B w "2 ia 0 ft -> ft X *"* _ ^ ~ > -- o ^ e ft O ^ -_ C 0 ft ft ft S..S ft c; ft S*S| J& > u o. *; o s I -.5 ft *a > ft c> : > 0 Ca O a K 0- h 0 3X 3 0 .2 * x c X ft 0*-> 0 0 ft ^ U X "tr ca --w ft * s * Wa 6 ^K 2 c ! *0 >.S % u Si S ! +* be ft a_> 05 ft 0X -- Xad gd i & -3 S = ?5 | a 0 C 0 4- 0 u y la 25 2 _>. 0 4d X ? S"l 0 ft g - &2 3 9 a u c Jje "S. & s & c i > X 9 = c a ai ( ^ 6C< 1 0 ft O ^ .. 4/ " fCtJ X ^ 2 &; a Xad 0 3ft *3 3 00 fc 0 " 0 = * g ' o O* *3 .Z ft ft o 0 ft ^ cr a* ^ " fi Cl *T3 T5 s -- o o a o jj * c* H w &. 0 g 3 5! * C 0 03 ~ J5 '? a ?8a* >ft e0 0 ft _0 0 ad .. ft g-g - x .2 - o .2 3 -- c j: v 6C 5 S "m 0 O0 : s 3 ft _ bCe X ^ la 3 CO a. ' = g 85 = x B; *JQ K B *2 ,G US'S i *o cr >a s 3la 0= .02 i " >.= .0 cs 3 X _ tt J X o ^ a CM vm a* . "a 3ctlft^3 X ^ j 5 'Sgl-s fl'S's * 8^? 5? *d ft K c *--> ft 0 o.= 2e ! - J-JS eg . = | c- s1XS- - - ^oj fa 2 " S'S of o; 2 C.&C . sf I e US ^^SC h^S-S ic^iq^S'OS &eE'S^.^fiN E ^ wo *-S 3-cSiegftfX t-afC , ftW ftK cfJt^cfa^. w- 5r*t;sa 0 ^ TJ *: - #. riX 0 c bex _ >x 3 Sad -- g&!l Cc? rBr:. ^Sft Z ar. m .C X*S* S 3 c sg^g ^SSSiJS >. p "p S ' A ~ A K p A p p = * .? e !>, - c "=*S! s e .i5 d K ii c .? 2 -"J= c s= = -2i to^&!2fi5wtaK"cSe -- o 2(=c'3:>'c'ij*,t=--ft^SSSsis c K .s sa,Srf:i3^g^>c. -- :ii^ii.sii|fi-i|,iiii 5o=<x^S0!''-=-5>, .51 .g: t~& I - r -gH5 t i(*6?* - s s StJ r .c= g * ** *-3c 2 a -i - *L/ F 5Is us cc-. ~a KP J a a _, e o " *? 0 *-- sO 1' Tj I ^ O C ^ >K ~ ^ & ac^ p -c c wR H _ 1 -5 --< ="1 - -2 * i t = E Js-S c a k ; - c * :A -5 >, B 41 * c- S fe " *S o o e> f<N . . ? 5 - ja S "c fif5b oh e c 2 " .MS ob ^ o 'c o_ v - 'C * .5 5 S=" US S'- ** *2 * 4 -2 ft | J! -c V t* -- r t x > Vi ?* 07 ^ V4 C C5 JZ o ^" ^ pC - K g -O >> 2 -ft ^s j^s > c %2 e *r " 52 > R .R * C. bo os . J gfc* jz a 03 J; > 2 ^8 ** V* c B t ^ % 3 * cs _ .. "g - R Jg .2 R ftS E i B " 2 ft R W = II .2 o i - bo * S V ft. w -cr -s > o e i 0} S _ ft *& CO *ft -- m E "E c jf <U o g ft S p e i c " t M 4* os 5 IS c a w ^2 Jtoi w* w a. O M M _ j= J3 c H S o S 2 P Cl J E O --* -- E ** E E C 4= k bo O c e; ? e x * a-S S s 3 s -- E O u, C. ^ c fl; *n i: -S 2 CO ft R 2 c c *ft 5 " u R .= "G o ^ * i E E -S be E 4 II *0 TO S w *D > SOX 3 ^ c . a. MS Og bG ^ C -- ft 8ft. a o > v^! fct . R S * c 5 | g a s? 44 2 -3 R *C K O * - E 1 07 <6 e C o >, ft tpo. ^R B. A '5 2? 8 8 >> +* ^ li 5 > 4 E 5 c *; 2 Ecu B o E ft. co 9 .2 I- ^ *** A) o ** JZ k c: +* o o K be bO p * S' c- _ "U J4Z4 M C5 ft o * C6 * >* o S C C o (0 4J c. S P E R - 2 <o Jft 4-> e .ft "3 C 3* JfCt c C Ec 4 5~ -f=if^t 5 .a fc M o c & Sc Or ft ^ O E OS ~ E _t c c c R wft fe t E R . B. -==* b_o _ < C O JS = R2 cO B j: E -C B a ft T3 c C to ft - E CO R -- Vx JZ c JZ -- 05 > -a . o P. -- L.- 8 E O U = B a 5 - g ft Jtf SB 4c4 C E E B. s ft o * r bo ts a* <0 ! ft u J: 33 " O x S o a o 44 e 44 eo R 44 S 5 s u , JMC c--> ^ s tr. s R ft : #i 3 ^> CO a s j *ft u 1 > 44 oa CO ft B gsg 5 cr i.2 - O 3 ^ : 5 ^ r o. K 3 -C o *SS 'f=t i=>. js *ft ! * i s e X be ti c JZ .2 ft 3 C 9 ft c *o P cRO -f fot I^s 5> 81 e E ^ -- S C |p to ft K . o IE n 1 aB R <0 > 9 *s c c * E 5 *5 e E 1 .2 c ff S - R -- -tro? ft E 3 -C g. *pl c > 5 S E J - B B S .2 g "ft > s ; .ft ! E E | u - e ^ J= tc c &" #bt S R & o ? 0S R 44 RR .2 c 44 4 c e & ^ >- .2; o -- *3 Qj < S K ' s 'ti fc ? -2 o 3 ft. 5 *c c CCS -- c C > < ^ c *K >. .2 S *; " - tl W c -c a v, 2 . s 3 vh O R O C *ft _ 5 o ** - ^ j E C, <38 g te -*C* C >a CO H g 5 ft. c -- ? S CO R c *2 10 * S ` er*E _ -B ' (='= . c c ^ 44 W B .2 * O ns v w 3 B s F -5 K 3 *C = o *2 S c *5 2 Vo 22 2 = g be r ?b. fRt -ft * 2 O R R -C cR c^ c o s Jl Si C bo CE c-I: i (0 ft. mcr, ue t: 'fcnt 3 t R *s3 Eft 3o ^^ R *" ti ft to e . -- K `E b. . r* be w o 44 E-S 2 5 w C ft II ft R ft a o SR ft. E p O' M o ti ? I 6 w - > 3 p. > f >,.2 R *3 " C C 3 o*. .2 c C rNs .Sez jz 44 to > ft 5 2 c 2*5 pE _e w . -3 "i K u C3 u Lf *** o ' ft 8 5J ,-fSt O 2 a> M C - C X .2 H ' E -2 5 5ES R 44 ' .5 5 E -f S p 10 o O 3C < rt x> .5 S C J - -ft o 5 C - S 9 to = 5 OC X R s (s 2 jz ^ a Z .5 Q *C > O -- -- *ft C R cr v> 4 U ^ 44 R 44 PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE CHOICE AND USE OF ROENTGENOGRAPHIC APPARATUS AND TECHNIQUE IN INDUSTRY S. REID WARREN, JR. A roentgenogram placed on the uniformly illuminated dif fusing glass plate of a film viewing device presents to the ob server a pattern of areas of different brightnesses. Of two contiguous areas which differ in perceived brightness, that one which is brighter is said to be less dense. The difference in density is called the contrast of the two areas. The bor der between the areas is characterized by its sharpness, which depends upon the x-ray apparatus and technique as well as upon the position, shape and material of the object edge of which the border is the shadow. Density, contrast, and sharpness are the three measurable characteristics of the roentgenogram upon which scientific analysis of the roentgenographic process is based. The roentgenologist learns by experience that film patterns having relative densities and contrasts within certain limits probably represent normality of the part of the body which has been exposed to x-rays; deviations of relative densities and contrasts beyond these limits, on the other hand, are interpreted by him as a result of abnormal conditions within the part. The process of diagnostic interpretation is largely subjec tive. The conception of a normal roentgenogram has not been defined rigorously in terms of quantities which can be accurately measured. Therefore each roentgenologist has his own standard of normality. In addition there has been no general effort to define standards of density, contrast and sharpness for roentgenograms of various parts of the body. This prevents the development of accurate diagnostic cri teria, uniform for all roentgenologists. There are three methods of making roentgenograms. Two of these do not produce roentgenograms which are diagnos tically comparable. Unfortunately, these two procedures are the most generally used. The third method produces com parable roentgenograms. Only a very small fraction of all the roentgenograms made at the present time is produced by this accurate reproducible process. The first procedure may be described as the "hit-or-miss" method. The technician hopefully guesses the exposure fac tors and the factors for processing the film, and the result may or may not be useful from the diagnostic point of view. Films made in this manner differ greatly in density and 29 3 t?-s In 09 Jtf u1 * 2I * !; *3 fc 1? V *9 &s. d >. ti 1* = s c o * " j* rs C *r ! X *- 1 p a ^X^ S 5 X K <; o E 2a * = 5 .8 g c S >* be 3 In -- K 3 3 be -- _p = S v H o O In la O 03 CS S' o *< H w* > JJ - x be ^ -> s O S G 8 M B= -- c u * a .S' be . O 03 - be 1 ^ C 3 8 ]M ^ .X^ n c- X 03 <3*8 I ^c cou I a s <s a- e C tr. 05 = i e be X ** c 44 h c- Jgr. 3c w?> > f0l>9 3 2? *S JG vn See .2 tc -- 8 ^3 (R 3 3 > u c D, Z E bC 3 . .W aIn g0= v< 5t a K *5 e <r fat C <M JBO = g 2 * 5 s a e e W 05 05 03 c O Of *C S i> 3 05 *g te B 3 oSs >* w he -2 03 X -- - X bC S X X v * si >> I S-js fe iS' e o _ X 5 <g O X In 03 E A ^3 *n o X 4-5 c 3 . 2X .5 8 g 3 > W 3 *4 ~ * n V 05 * -E 3 8- a 05 c-- __o +* t 03 C 05 x 05 c a a O "3 55 S C IN +* X 5 s w fc. " o c c *3 c a **" JC *' s 2o M c "5 --< fi*x ^ 05 3 05 X fca CS X x fi o0s5 3wXs S e. g, g*if ? a a a--1 8 K O O X* 3 9 xs S - a. -- <s M 09 .IaS s? 2 s> 6In6 n50J5 *fer `E <m BsJ _a t J = X *^e3 os .ca S L, C. ^ C IM C X W *4 *M N-> E "c O l5&. JSs > 2 -g a e > ~ .2 73 u v T3 8 _ 13 a s e x CJ Se 55 c 3 c S.s a O = O 05 :S S (8 g 3 A. C eC X In In E X In u K 5= to O 2 c 9 05 * 3 03 a xn g, 3 C - S & aGtJ m g 03 **J - -a , In i K 05 Vn C 05 8 -- C8 *J .5 a o> O fcO (0 -3 T ^ 5 05 e. u o O X C5 H T3 3 05 t t "S -d a a< os e-j *0 3 O s e. c 13 E .a E-S E -5 3. C X 4J C X c. 05 ^ W _be x t! 3 e cs o cj ci! S S H fc 5 -a II I x JS C *o aa -^o oSs abe = ca x --E X N-> ^ c c" . Inn CC 05 o S e ** c GQ c vn c Jg 0/ V SWvh . . a B S S In . s: O * bC S "" 05 'E - O E -j B, H a o e. a > rs In -- *r G CS fVc W ,,> U -o n_> *- og v- a VN ,CS_sl a > 05 05 X Jg = *H 8 u C 2 o c O O o ^ g = rE a "2 E 2 0: e -- -3 os *T 05 =^ E *4 C a ax c o . "5 * > c g Sc r * X C H - 111g" - U 05 c ? X V ** "X a ** e Ion VoN . 05 5 C* ^ K 3 " 8 s i tc 05--9 fc: _ tc a o N*J 5 S iS -g " o) s e ;X W *8X0 *" x I - i O _ e " -- > * o o = 1 +03* tCi 2x3 N- fc *- Wn x e L 2 CS -- C C CS -- 45 u In "3 * 03 M |n JG Sw G^ OT E <3 -=? Ji15 if 5 "t: _ a x fc ^ > m 5 B 03 " X ** if 2 s bo > X n-T- Vn p c fc S3 In O s. t- ? S 05 S *g o g es 3 *o P3 CS Q -- m _ "* fe 09 Ai >k 2- bo *cE w i N-* . O c. E > j: 3 I I ^ E s. Mo 4) --i a X x g Et, c "g a c . 2 3 I* r -' S 0J -S 2 -3 In Q S' o % * x C In k K N>-5* +045 E - X -- In N- X 4- -I'si "V34 NSN g a a MB. 45_ >Un B 93 Q C ^ S ^ V "O O x *4r-s y I g 9 O 2 <2 c V vi a o ^ v- g S- X 3 W -- t* o* - = w .a 3 *g e 1-8 be In [ 91 N1 In X n- ce d * In W 03 -- 3-25 g -o <8i* C g _e X ^.a .t: -9 -- " . C .8 2 S 00 05 ^3 g S E C. E 2 L 45 B3 -R H In Q> > 3 05 ST *3 ^ S S BO TJ e . -o X >* os *a3 K " o 3 Vn O > JG X *2 O Css-g g* 03 X be e x o5.S 8 E G *3 H Cn ** o > ' X K m K o > * 5 " '..aS O Xi *D bo x X 3 2r 3 03 J a X >k s In '3 Ax 3 3 CS - A -- In 3 c 3 C 5 .E In e JN-Sft * a * * T3 X 9 ? p eS is & 3 3 X bo E. ' 3In E " 9 3 O CS E c 3 3, N 03 *03 V x 5 3 *9 bO ` co C I *5 be 9 i ^3 03 3 * O * > 4J t: 9 n-5 k e tr. 03 E os c 31 o: *3 3 g O C C be p c 3 I, a p 3 J s. 1- *3 .2 X w- ' ^ c 3 C a JS CS 03 3 s 1 CS ^ . " o 3 CS 7] 9 Cl O9S boee I'wX^X -- -- ^K r^- c w s 2 3 ^ X *u fi. 3 3 In -- tc E V c ^ 4b?c.2 Ca 4*4J 5 3 Cn a VN In o X E E 3. ca c I- g s* &M Efc Xg -o g 3 X *9 3 0 I- In 3 a a s o E1 * - fe < a E . aSn "O3 s ^ ^s E = >* 3 * i*- 8 >> V *> X > C. X & 8 3 *2 & e 73 2. - x- E 0 ** o In In C * NJ 3 ? ff - a X 4 Vn c fc X " " *N *4 9 9 M g X ** K O* >i > w 3 .-a bo ce *E3 S-- fl3, *3 3 hO VN 3 *5 *4 09 c g g e a CS s aE oos c a X > 5 c CS +* & 5 .si 3 In In 44 3 E 3 c GN. 0In9 ^ O 03 T* * fc c c. X *9 -45 X 3 45055 15 X a 3k- E ' w o a e Sl ip | c ^ I S^k ". .2 S' V p v be 3 : ^5 C 1 C < N3-> nbJO , W_ 3a; .2 :M . ,3 <M 05 JS a -s 'E O 2 g S Q, 9 c X T! R-- C ; rt *2 3be -c 3 In g 3 ' ^ 3 S| I' ^ = '5 a E X2 O 36 *D fc -- v 09 cS *049 -eg S * * m c *"* 9 8 "Z W g g- E * bbft M iflJ mmm *c4 g ..t.i In In < .2 " "S * a .a c -i .2 > c -|5 g E bo c .2 s > 32 g3 ~ fc !fc o: -fc fc 09 S -- > tr. vg 1^1 E ^ 8 & & X c 9 e 3_ = C -O 3 C = 5 9 C C >v i 3 bO 3 X X C 03 be ' -- X .E ** s 1 s V, g 5x a: V 09 * 03 E .2 > ' E 9 tO N- *V 3 In c bo O . & E 3 3 X 09 > T3 & 09 C . X -- X N-* 03 09 c e S E g-g be < E * - E n-T - i3* >? a 3 -3 09 ^ *> In I- 3 *- X e *3 S TS *M O > 3 5 x 3 *r In SB -3 . be c 1 1 09 X *E S 9 -- N4 ? o U_n 3 *4 * I. EP 3 8 a *s e-. v s *- 5 3 X N4 o 3 9 U O ,z OS 3 X *2 - & X* 8 J & 03 o S 3 s bo fc C C ? 9 K 9 o - ^ V ec Vn g S 3 XV. 1 J 3 >; *3 o09: ^ -- ts .2 C 4-> 05 C 9 k. 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R CJ Uhr D* j ^ x E . t_n 0E3 > ^ xx fc p 2. 1-* o ^ o R be -- 'S II c -- ,#-- ts '3 R C R & Ch * 5A? Efr* P-. 33 C o 05 (- R >. > R 03 S o o i? >- 2 - if *3 0 R ft VS R 3 03 *C ?J,c ^ i c c t "s >* . *5 . 3 ' -x Z ^ hr R c W C R A OJ bfi " 03 *3 V "a CJ E Cl * 3 5 E *K 3 5 o * 3 xx (C fa C CJ " X 1 ^ E *L*l * V c " Cl c E S T? a a- --r .5E: >-> M g n be * o g. = 5 K R 5 .s fa Si 3 ,, R K CJ S .1 fc be *Z C" *3 c te cc R oj fcS' ** a Cl z c s c & S' fOa R > CT OJ p K -t? s & t* - fa R ^ 3 *" X CO *> c S ft ft : 5 ^ i-i C c 3 > fa a x * S-E = ft Z X R Xl * *5 V * o j - .8 ft XX fa R K| fa ^ g s,c "T3 ^ r 2 S R tr. R R R *n n cc o *x e^. s & g > . -S - c. 3 w S x c "C R I OJ u u ? = s o C fa O *3 5 ^ R *s '* I O >> <M 3 X - <r Rn R 5 __ -*Cc ^ O &-2 fe fc.5 ft g 3 R H o * j: r & Jx 2 3 ^s jC E ^ fa S & O -- ft- ^- .&-- US ^3 C-4 " j E t O R c bZ X 3 Zi bt = fa -o *3 W R ft 3 f S = 2. C "g J= u c R * D. o1 S c -r -* tr ? st XX C n c E Ct^ 8 u o is CT i.? 33 O- E = K E S > ? P si " B03S - S* . c -- 3 . g "O -- C X 03 P ft x o ? ^G K ~ gl K II R > v H ^ 3 c. .15 u .= o. g tr. CX w >* b _ *o ft 3 .E 3 -c ."C c * v. t, 5 & t *1 tfa *oj E fa fa RC E C,, Rt = V 01 *- ST >i C *-* > ^ 3 J c c " -- x- *"* 3 c 3 5 3 JC ^ H g c R Cfa? ffat W|-J II: 1 >! *C r K K S >t C h u S 97 c " e ^ fag* R bC O * * 5s fa 01 .c3 3 ? be X g J <K-S EI P rt E g .1 -* R 05 -- c 3c eh . -2 3 3 .c 3 g;i -11 *x be c . . * e t u be R C Xi R k & KV 6 *gs W R CO C. t I = ST'E | c "> fa *-5 R R c ^ ^- `5 S te be .- H J R O a, *3 2 R -- je x j C x XX .5 ^ - s.. .E 8 Si 4 = c R X 3 *S a h o JE R X <C (3 BC -- R fc- R * It be fa 0 XD E xx fa 03 z+rJ JC C3 Z 5? J C < fax XX XX X X REPORT OF PREVENTIVE ENGINEERING COMMITTEE PROF. PHILIP DRINKER, Chairman My report will be brief and consists in what I might call news items in the engineering aspects of air hygiene. One of the most significant developments in the field of occupational hygiene during the past year has been the adop tion, on May 1, of New York State's code governing dustiness in rock drilling. This code divides all rock formations into two classes, I. being those with less than 10% free silica by weight, and II. being those with more than 10% free silica. If drilling is done in class I. rock, dust counts must be below 100 million per cubic foot, and below 10 million if the rock falls in class II. This means, in effect, that dry drilling can only be used with local exhausts and adequate air cleaning. It happens, also, that wet drilling without ventilation will not achieve adequate air cleanliness in the case of the high quartz or class II. rock. At this writing it seems very likely that other states will copy this code almost verbatim. After all. New York adopted it as the result of extensive investigation and hearings and it is unlikely that other states will assemble better informa tion on which to base their codes. It is probable that sub stantially this same code will be adopted for dust exposures of all kinds. If so, it will mean that the upper limit of dusti ness in any kind of work and in any kind of dust will be 100 million particles per cubic foot Many states and insurance companies are adopting or approving non-silica parting compounds for use in foundries. There is the same tendency in other industries to substitute for silica non-silicious substances. So far, the silica and sard producers apparently have not attempted to devise or promote methods of using silica that will pass hygienic codes, such as that cited from the New York Law. Considerable interest has been expressed by the report from Toronto and by another report from London on the use of protective dusts to nullify or reduce the potency of quartz in causing silicosis. The research back of this suggestion and the appraisal of the suggestion itself belongs to the Medical Committee, but engineers will be asked how the proposed pro tective dust should be applied. This Committee does not feel that the use of protective dusts has yet emerged from the aca demic, and they should not be used in practical problems. The literature on the subject is, however, very interesting and 35 c >> *A** To? A c; c S K c E * K 1 see 3 C O e -i frct4 *ei: 3fc s * x -r O *c 3 c c 5 > X ** o- S m m c. _ C <5 -x c ft X>! -- " "e * ft ft >>= * o " ^ .3 *ft m : e 2 (ft e: c *- . S? w S . O ^ H a S a 2 fe ** 3 c 8 B. c. . A ft *7* -tC* x -- -1 c. ^ o c-- 6 = . i S 4-> ? U - "I to * 2 mm f, P Cm ^ .fc t* -- ^ * - a S . C. K C t! i s E e 3 O 93 _ c- -2 .8 JS C Q Aa) = ea W 3a "" 3 (ft o -.**> MX a mm &.i- _ 3 *J U *J '" 7 x: > i CS s is U u c es5 s = - *5 c J= 5 = ** 5 z S w c X o ^ 3K C J2 m.2 > 2 ft ;if ft Z <j .2 - *3 B c S g X (fS .2 n3 !- -- t! WX X/l -E w ft c j ,fc 3 c O ZZ. 2B -s *5 >> c: X --mJ 3- &? . 3 B Jb E J | - O o c. c ^ *> .2 W 05 X ' ^a = 2 ft. x fc-E = 5 ~ o 05 *' X k* a ft ft C 5 5 | e o -ft ai o MQ a; c fc *t3 *e is tj S CJ *03 " a, C s8| rt C2 *s ti be a 3 o u SQ 2 E * C .ft B | g 5 K E &S 93 O m --c 3= % (5 Z^ I 22 >> ~ o ^ ft X X J: c S = Z a -- * S ** > .3 x 2 t* 8 S e s w 7* u x *5 o > 05 g c " c M- S o -S. 3 is JS C _M O. 3 10 T T3 :* ~ be ft J5 ft T c fe <2 *1 bCJ I-ft w ? A X _ 2 ** * 'i " c cr- c c. 3 O .1 si Jr .t; u o , 5 -c o *f O r; *3 >N o 3 tt> 7 ^ .1 o ,2 S ^c JC kx (ft & : - to * ^ g O -s sf e k. X ^ <2 I ti s. 2 *3 fix B gJ 3 2c O* g b o c fwt O1 be c b * 2 -- Aw x s +J CH - >> *- c c.-| Jl -3 5 h o -- ^ x^ B -ft x O E C ~ c .^5 *.5f ^ ^ e - C cS co BO 2l O 05 U 3 c C *2 Vx e> -S o ^ > c OT to in X-* 03 -- r* > C8 w 2 Z B 3 L - >L CB. <K**** B ej C 95 *, K (t 3 ft = fjfi h i** u JS -w 3 ' > 03 3 O 4*0* w C5 X H 5 E w L. X^ k S c x 'wE 5-S 5 2 3 *c=c ^ c *5 fe 2 u 3 5 o (8 1 3 ** , *D > 5 s Mk cc * u 3i' t) ft 05 c kx "* > m g ft ft i x I? X 4J U 4J c - S g _ y xf.t 3 c. _ E* e> -S TT c g C > 3 ft O . ^ ft. be B c he E e c X 5 c ow e a X , o = (ft c to - ft c> o be ft ft Oz X tM o ~ i: - 5 - E.S c. sj 5 -- *5 g - tt `3 c K 3 g g | .*4 A u a c -- fl> ,r u >- J= u c: -- '= v. e gi7 Mr | ^ fc: S et li S ek B5 .2= -j > -S SI g S w*5 c ft c 4-> ^ be k. "c *2 ^ C I I * X '-- ft .2 .2 x *-5 ^ S o ^ .2 C. g. A 3 ft ft *-< c 2 ft B E *" *2 kx ft B K 2*2 _ be 5 R 3 be c x * tc c . r: O MM 1 2 S k. CO O be q> Z A S 3 Si = o ^ ft s *c . 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K Ift *3 , *- frT .2 A E cs X X rt*S X 3 ft ~ 4O-> 3g A = * Jm ^ s-- M ft X fik-c V) R kx <mx A .2 C c x ^ -33 A--3 = & ^ S s'" ; E c D c "3 fc w W k. 2 ft- J! *E * ts ^ - gc J > be *; k. x *ft tr C 2Ck V3x ft , A MM X B g ft S S *B 2 be .2 c 32 MM I ^ R kx -- M. kx -- A -- * A w kx 3 ft A A ^ A 3 Q .. be B.Xc O > Z 3 ** ts S o 3 u Ui u 5 * E ft JLT . ^ MX K gCS C *3 B kx fftt > A ft t *2 o 1-2 "2 .5 z >> . cc W ft o ft *> *g *1 0 32 C kx ^ A *> CJ - e. 5 t. 3 A ' r> o 3 be M rr c c R s M 3 .3 CO If c cs ' ft 3ft *0 ft X E 3 *g3 * O -3 E s bf x .3 A; JCs 1%3 xft ft Xi kx o ft kx -3 P >> ,Si a -ft 3 '3 *o g 3 ! a, u C 7i 'Z .**j r"C A_C " X w r.M-- MC~ C B*-3 x--mx3 i o MX X "-33 Cm c. X O . ft Cx" ft c A MX CS ^ 5 ti=s fftt ft - ** * e S ft 3 C A K .X k *ft S fc C c -be r'. *3 AX C w y, ft *3 5 > ft MM M Ml - ft ft c 3 fc ft B S --x .3 c/ A C. j3 A CS m3 3 c.: 4 P"MX 3 S o ' *3 fc c ? ^ ft A O^ g g c S' c ft C5 > = Z So o= c J c 3? -Su 1 >* X ^ ft X zz r > A .S Z 3: >. X X _M o -- : 53 t- 5 > ^ c ^ i c A Am 3 E x |* . sh| ^ * is x xJ C< Eftx t*--= >k C X ft +* "3 <k> C C C 3 X % >. X X *- I 5 C ft | ' : Z * tj E 6 S fc 3 C MX >> B > X be >> 3 B = " >, -o fc B l *3 ^ S 3 5 k c -- c " ft > c? bcce .--3 C. zz u 3 3 X O '3 "3 | <2 i % mT . g B xx- 5 . fe c cs ^ A *=> l lA. Tw <A A ft OBSERVATIONS ON AIR DUSTINESS IN DRILLING D. HARRINGTON Probably the reason for asking me to appear on this pro gram today is that drilling is primarily one of the difficulties in connection with dustiness in mines, and probably also one of the reasons is that the United States Bureau of Mines, with which I am associated and have been associated for a number of years, was one of the pioneers in this matter of trying to find out what it is all about, or at least what some thing of it i3 about in connection with dust disease. Early at the beginning of the Bureau of Mines, in 1910, the Bureau got under way in this matter of trying to see first of all what was the situation and what could be done about the occurrence of dust in mines, with particular reference to metal mines, as far as health was concerned. Early in the game Dr. Lanza, Dr. Sayers, Mr. Higgins and a number of others of us started out on it, I getting into it as early as 1916, which you will admit is a long time ago. Oddly enough, some of the problems which were confronting us at that time in connection with drilling and air dustiness confront us yet. The problems of twenty years ago are largely the problems of today. As proof of this I have before me a publication issued by the Bureau of Mines in March, 1922, the subject being "Drilling and Dustiness in MetalMine Air." I am going to read a few paragraphs from that publication issued in 1922--fifteen years ago--as illustrating that while progress has been made, nevertheless the problems still remain largely as they were. "Notwithstanding all the effort made to introduce wet drills to prevent dustiness of air of metal-mine working places, there has during the past few years arisen in Australia and South Africa an impression that wet drills, including the Leyner type, actually cause undue quantities of finely divided ore and rock to rise into the air, these fine particles being chiefly attached to particles of fog or spray escaping from holes using water drills. This is said to have created consternation in the ranks of the mine operators who have complied with drastic wet drilling regulations, and purchased and operated various types of wet drills at no inconsiderable expenditure in both money and effort. "In view of this situation and the fact that wet stopers are being rapidly introduced with consid erable success in many of the metal mines of the 39 *c *s s > o x JS 3 ti c x 2 Z * ft x 0 5 .2 2 |c S E n jz 2 - x 2 g V, CM S ? c/a 3 ,X o ** > K & S 2 s * = o " .e5 x IIX tn ,, *" S?J I s c C X e CC J5 S a 3 M C s K tt 3 *oc x -- a ^ * 3 s g be v- 2 C3 t sc -g c s O oj" = s g s . i--i O 4* x ft E0 0 c X X . 0 n c 0 X 3X ft s L 3 X --Q -- eft CJ ^ _ x ,, 0 c E . i E SLn s 3 cw - g.2 c X **- X 3 00 ft) X 15 1 t* C ft) X S-s x c co x ce c & . S 3 _ 60 J x v ?s E a * c fl { &- t- > ca fcc x <e = -- v3 > c "J E Sa) 55 c eg js w g fe g : ttCG c , >i < xrj S 5 ^ "is o 5 o * 5 6- JS i' 5 C . > 05 1C "2 c 3 2 5 - rt c i: o 2 E .5 c " o * 3 c x .s x x . : . ^ g t E 3 ^ *> * s o u C .- n CQ 5 C --. > w O k *c E 1 s J & e tt t* gfi' g s <s = e3 .3 "3 o g s IS. & I! > x 3 be e o gio ^ ^ .2 to x i ! 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C >> X ft 10 ___ ^ . 2S 5 g * O ft E *3 Ji o * i-- C8 o x 3 *3 ,5 *j - *C D, J E gA 5 x-c X c <s o -- c .2 J= ft ft E * o v3 Ml o -o ft fc* X X > be ft SSK- 5.5 _ tn x >^ E .e c V QJ ( bf 3 "5 v k -ft .ft i X - .ti c ^ s5 - .2 < ft ?r= C v b ** 00 > 08 5 3 JCM *Og ^be .bge Cft Oft X " o be s s5 B" X *`3 ft X x ft . c "S e 5 % = .S to c r ^ ft o ft C ft g E w C A fce 3 _&__ V +> > a * X ft . JO ^3 > R li rA c8. **-- E I * .2 M. -E A 3 . > ft -g A X= 9 " c "1 > I c: bex *3 X x --- c ^ I >-p c s ft .2 o .2 X J= to CO bf fe *3 ^ -- a & 9 t be ft ft C c. 2 x 55 -2 ti 5 -2 t g to *3 c mm, "ft 2 ^ 3 t ^ 13 ft c, l. - w to vX E t" tr ft CO c 3 *R H --* c 5 ^ - 2 : ** It be 2 c X C X ft X 3 w is x x 5 ^X t X -^ ft.E co rr ^ H *o 3 C X ft c x . A- . E ft ^ o JZ c X) A ft --i -M cq ft 3 ft -S ' V ft *D 13 ft be ^ X 9 * 1 ?ft M ft" X 3 -C p C O X 9 X 3 ft to 13 3 v E g X . ? o CO ft ft 9 2 ft E E C - ^ -j = !: x K *3 5 be^5 , K ft- X X X ft X A co Cc X>. tfot 5 E {s-S ^f =ft X 9 cs *es c A ,, X x .E m - E E -- c--* xft U6 3 ft X EE REPORT OF LEGAL COMMITTEE A. C. HIRTH, Chairman The position of industry insofar as the legal aspects of the occupational disease problem is concerned has not changed since this subject first received consideration by the Foun dation. The admonitions and warnings that we have frequently voiced during the past two years are as applicable now as they were then, and the mere fact that there is less litigation than heretofore does not mean that your problem is solved. We are still faced with a problem of a more permanent nature, that is, the problem of occupational disease legislation. Labor is becoming increasingly insistent that legislation covering this subject be passed, and that the content of such legislation be formulated by them. In some few states manufacturers have been successful in securing the adoption of their ideas with respect to such legislation, and it requires only a com parison of these laws with those in which no participation on the part of industry occurred to show the tremendous import ance of our active concern in this matter. It may be interesting to very briefly summarize the work of the Legal Committee to date. During the first year of the Foundation's existence your Committee issued Bulletin No. 1 of the Legal Series prepared by the law firm of Williams, Eversman & Morgan of Toledo. This bulletin included a survey of existing statutes and court decisions relating to the rights of employees for compensation for injuries caused by occupational diseases resulting from air pollution. It analyzed the Workmen's Compensation Acts and Occupational Disease Acts of every state in the Union with respect to their provisions for compensation for occu pational disease injuries, and reviewed the state decisions dealing with the rights of employees to maintain actions at common law against their employers for such injuries. On two different occasions this bulletin has been brought up to date. The statement of the result falls far short of describing the monumental proportions of the task. So far as we can ascertain no similar work has ever been compiled. It was therefore necessary for us to blaze our own traiL Few law libraries contain all of the necessary information. Men were sent to the largest and best equipped of such libraries in the country. Even so, we were frequently unable to find the latest legislative enactments. In such instances, and there were many of them, it was necessary to communicate with state 47 officials to procure those statutes which had not published. It was even necessary in some cases t public reporters to make typewritten copies of the enacted legislation. In addition to the -vo wade through ' regulations issi correspondence work was in its. not include the statutes of all which the com' is defined. H the report. A as part of the . in rather small various --` ->tes ' it was nece of books of comm * .ons. L ning incident to r it has been said dt in which the varioi and applied, and i espective of statut' lied but omitted f" decisions was inch ises close to 700 p Following Bui No. 2, which was disease legislatic Stockbridge & V of that bulletir dation a disev considered in s on published Bui, ons for oc<"' tit nittee b lik. nore. T -rpo. .embers of the Fot , basic principles to Our descripti< thought of "pedi you that these which if each o: would be burde; are of value to you make of tl .at given you with r out rather to impress .ins repress-t an inve- lled upon ir dually tr y the least. \ er or i pend, of course. -w m It has been t with those to course throui have been ere we cannot us ,f your Legal Committee to ich are necessary to rop'--'i labyrinth of leg1" by the occupatic m for you. We are now ready to submit Legal ___ prepared by Mr. Theodore C. Waters, Chairman 01 me land Occupational Diseases Commission. In the cou Mr. Waters' experience in such capacity, he actively pated in one of the most thorough surveys that has e made on this subject. Innumerable witnesses testifu the Commission and every possible source of inform: thoroughly explored. His opinion, therefore, as to i lative aspects of our problem should be given car 48 iidon by you in determining' your policies on this subject. lur Committee has read the bulletin with a great deal of J and interest. It might aptly be described as a "road i\ >" on occupational disease legislation. I shall not attempt, i ever, either to name it or review its contents, as its author si,>vith ns today. . jnsL ...... .... _ r0 S3looq yo . t{3nouq? spe.vi . />. Vi -ed duriajau sbm. ;i sa;nacjs snousa eqt 0} uoptppe U] ! were then. -uoi}Uisi3ai pajoeue heretofore S31<ioo ua^u^ocUCt aH* MaqaodM i r are still i 3UWS ul ^ss^au uoao sba ;i -npaauqss.n-oqnndd is becomi >ou 3SOql "n5Md 0%. sjetogjo this subje be formu: have been with resp parison o, the part c ance of o. _________ - It may be interesting to very briefly summarize the work of the Legal Committee to date. During the first year of the Foundation's existence your Committee issued Bulletin No. I of the Legal Series prepared by the law firm of Williams, Eversman & Morgan of Toledo. This bulletin included a survey of existing statutes and court decisions relating to the rights of employees for compensation for injuries caused by occupational diseases resulting from air pollution. It analyzed the Workmen's Compensation Acts and Occupational Disease Acts of every state in the Union with respect to their provisions for compensation for occu pational disease injuries, and reviewed the state decisions dealing with the rights of employees to maintain actions at common law against their employers for such injuries. On two different occasions this bulletin has been brought up to date. The * the mo ascert.- there! libra- sent counti legisla 8P many i ,r. 49 COMPENSATION LEGISLATION--A CRITICAL REVIEW THEODORE C. WATERS In reviewing the activities of Air Hygiene Foundation, I have been impressed with its progress and accomplishments. When the organization was originally conceived, those of us interested in its activities felt that it had a definite purpose to serve in the field of industrial hygiene. Its officers, trustees and committees have devoted their efforts to the solution of many of the problems that have served to perplex our modem industrial society, and I feel that the Foundation is to be congratulated upon its various activities, which have proved to be of material assistance to its member organizations. For the past several years we have all benefitted by the research work done by the distinguished scientists who have served upon its committees and I know that I express the sentiments of the member organizations when I thank these committees for the signal services that they have rendered. At the last annual meeting of the Foundation, we discussed some of the problems presented to industry by the contem plated enactment of legislation compensating occupational diseases. Since that time many new laws have been enacted, creating new problems for those who may be concerned with their administration. I have been asked to discuss briefly the bulletin prepared by the Legal Committee, which is now being printed and will shortly be submitted to the membership as Legal Bulletin No. 3. In the time that has been allotted to me it would be impossible to present an intelligent analysis of this bulletin, but there are several subjects treated therein that I desire to call to your attention for careful consideration. During the past year occupational disease amendments to existing Workmen's Compensation Laws have been enacted by the States of Delaware, Indiana, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Washington. Therefore, today there are twenty-one states whose laws now provide compensation for occupational diseases. In the following states Commissions have been appointed for the purpose of studying and recommending compensation legislation: Alabama Arizona Georgia Kansas Maine Maryland New Mexico Oregon It is apparent that a new emphasis has been placed upon the need for compensating occupational disease injuries, and 51 s .Z 0) -g X * .2 *c > C > e *o X 03 03 ! e e > ' logs X 03 03 A 3?3 2 Js e A >> T? 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O C O *2| 3 a v 2 E - 5 -- ^s 2 2 3 u c _>?, _- *_r " 5o- -? ,,O t ^ I* n iS 2 2 ft o .= a 3 05 P *x5 5 5a (M 03 C " O "ft w g f-t .c1 2 5- >u* _; aJ a a" Je '5 g u 2 2 ^ > u 05 ^ - &>s --a c*5- 11 J 3 4 i s g s; i St --" 6 : E e ~ a 5 JS J-- i as * <3 = 1-5 5 '>. -- ~ " = w* * . i= I M^ q^ C . 41 I I I Si* S <3s=#-X= U >5. fCffi^2sa-r< 6 S * e 5* 3W5! T=l*<.s & .i = *S & 5 ^ s ! | z s-S f& cc S| gc - Ji e &S-5C"S 6 "5 * QQC*2*~ocs~****;*i**:v&S|5B ^I|C. *--Gi!f-*! ig 5 f ^ *5 ." . JS <* ji = = =|i|^ = j X J ^ =jj"i?Ta1?TScXTj?:1 = ^? J'jj | ICfOt 2^B.=g MiW la!S sw5= SS".J'JB<s'oa'-'| = Il!liisJ1l^ll3lirT* t~ 9 V) * = fe JS