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Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning Guide
1960
Register, registers (continued) mechanical furnace systems, 247 noises, 284, 289, 353 selection, 247, 286
Regulator, 501, 502 Reheat, 269, 275 Relative humidity, 3, 15,- 29, 143
measurement of, 651 Relief valve, 420, <*>
Residence control systems, 643 air conditioning, 643, 671 domestic hot water supply, 732 heating, 643 cooling methods, 267, 669 gravity furnace systems, 268, 669 heat kts problems, 173 hot water heating system, 403 mechanical furnace system, 247 steam heating system, 367
Residential air conditioning, 669 air distribution, 672 application, 670 central systems, 670 equipment capacity, 669 equipment location, 671 equipment types, 670 gas-nred, 671 noise, 671 operating costs, 672
Resistance thermometers, 646 Resistivity, thermal, 5 Resistors, 241
electric, 5
Return dry, 5 grille, 247, 289 5, 367, 379
Reversed return system, 6, .409 Ringelmann chart, 78, 653
Roof, roofs heat flow through, 124-128, 131, 188191, 194 time lag of sol** radiation, 201 ventilators, 155
Room air conditioners, 236, 670 air motion, 278, 284 control, 636 coolers, 235, 238 cross transmission noise, 363 latent heat, 207, 208 noise level, 351, 358 operating, 96' sensible neat, 207
Rotary diver, 740 Rotary oil burner, 500, 503
S
Sabin, 5
Sanitary ventilation, 93 Saturated air, 1, 14 Saturation, 5
degree of, 5, 14, 17 .pressure, 4
Seale, 753 cause and prevention, 751, 753 dosed systems, 755 heating systems, 756 high temperature, 757
Scale (continued) open systems, 755 temperature, 5
School systems, 675 air supply, 677 control, 680 cooling, 678-680 design, 675 considerations, 676 criteria, 675 mechanical plant, 677 general considerations, 675 gravity exhaust, 678 heating, 678-680 maintenance, 680 mechanical exhaust, 678 operation, 680 types, 677-680 ventilating, 677
Secondary air, 482, 490, 507 Sensible cooling, 275 Sensible heat, 171, 177
gain, 177, 207 loss, 171
Shading of glass areas, 200, 205 fthaHmg screen, 205 Sheet metal gages, 308, 309
Ship heating, ventilation, air condi tioning, 686
air conditioning, 686, 687 design conditions, 688 factors affecting design, 686
Eeral consideration, 688 ting, 686 insulation of ducts, 686 refrigeration, 687 requirements for space, 686
cargo, 687 living, 686 machinery, 686 storeroom, 687 systems, typical, 687. ventilating, 686
Silica gel, 619, 621 Single phase motors, 662 Skylights, 155 Slime, 752, 758
cause and prevention, 758 formers, 752 Slotted outlets, 285 Sludge, 751. 753 cause and prevention, 753 Smog, 78, 93 Smoke, 5, 75, 77 abatement, 77, 482 density measurements, 653 Smokeles arch, 5 Smokeless combustion, 482
Snow melting, 689 antifreeze characteristics, 694 circulating medium, 5 control, 697 effect of viscosity, @5 design, 689, 698 draining, 697 drifting snow, 698 heat from slab, 689, 692 heating requirements, 689 hydraulic requirements, 695 installation, 697 internal corrosion, 697 operating data, 693 pumping head, 695 . safety, 697
' dab construction, 691, 697 snowfall, 690, 691
xx
Snow melting (continued) testing installation, 697 thermal stresses, 697
Soil specific heat, 105 -
Solar constant, 5, 179
Solar heat, 179
absorbed by glam, 195
altitude. 179
calculation tables, 187, 158, 190-204
through shaded windows, 200, 205
time lag, 201
transmission of, 179
through glass, I9S
through
block, 198
through roofs, 188
through walls, 188
Solar heat gain, 179 basic principles, 179 design for figured rolled glass, 197 design for fist glass, 197 design for glass block, 198 deviation from dgn, 200 shading glass, 200, 205
Solar radiation, 179 absorption of, 179
magnitude, 179 ' Solar water heater, 784 Sol-air temperature,-188Solid adsorption, 620
Soot, 75, 482, 495 Sorbents, 619
absorbents, 619, 620 adsorbents, 619 Sorption, 5, 624
Sound (see Noise), 345 absorbers, 354, 355 apparatus for measuring, 346, 654 attenuation, 346 control, 345
cross transmission between rooms, 363
general problems, 345 duct absorbers, 354-356 intensity, 346 levels, 345, 351
measurements, .346, 654 outlet absorbers, 356 pressure, 345 unit, 345, 346 Space heaters, 527-530 design, 528, 529 rating, 528-530 Specific gravity, 3 Split systems, 5 Splitter dampers, 288
Spray apparatus, 597 booths, 724 cooling, 598 cooling ponds, 598 cooling towers, 599-607 dehumidifier, 271, 274, 612
dryer, 741 equipment, 598-600
humidifiers, 609-612 unit air conditioner, 235 Spread, air distribution, 277, 278, 283 Square foot of beating, surface, 5 Squirrel-cage induction motor, 659, 660,
664
Stack, stacks, 149, 156, 531 height, 5, 157
Index to Technical Data Secrton
Standard, standards (see also Codes),
787 air, 1 air distribution, 277 atmosphere, 35 Standard air, 1 Static electricity elimination, 707 pressure, 4, 293, 313
SteadyQflow, energy equation, 13, 37
Steam, 5
coils, 324, 328
___
distribution piping, 373, 397-401
^imating consumption, 396, 397, 554,
555
flow, 374, 378, 377 flow measurement, 42, 401
heated equipment, 211, 396
beating systems, 5, 367 condensate return, 387, 400 connections to uruta, 392
control valves, 394
corrosion, 757
drips, 392
flash leg, 392 gravity one-pipe air-vent, 368, 369
gravity return, 367 Hartford return, 386 high premure steam, 376-381
low pressure steam, 376-378
mechanical return, 367
one-pipe, 367, 368
orifice, 372
piping for, 873 __ aubatmospheric, 372
two pipe, 369
vacuum, 371
vapor, 370 jet type system, 5fi)
metera, 42, 401
panel heating, 431 pipe capacities, 376-381
properties, 14, 28 reducing valves, 383 requirements! 395, 555
risers, 367, 378, 379
runout, 368 * superheated, 5
tables, 18, 26
traps, 5, 388 valves, 394 velocity, 376, .377, 397
Stoker, stokers, 497 classification of, 497 combustion adjustments, 498 combustion process, 498 controls, 510, 611 furnace design, 499 mechanical,, 497 overfeed flat grate, 497 overfeed inclined grate, 497 sizing and ratings, 499 underfeed, 497
Subatmospheric systems, 372 air-conditioning systems, 177,669
Summer climatic conditions, 180-185 Summer comfort, 72, 73
Superheated steam, 5 Supply mains, 5 Supply openings, 247, 277, 285. 287
measurement of velocities, 650 Supports, pipe, 460
Surface condensation, 137, 142, 144, 475
Surface (continued) conductance, 2, 105, 108 coefficients, 108 external pipe, 448-450, 470 heating, 5 extended, 5 temperature, 134, 435, 521, 646
Suspended unit heater, 228
Symbols, 7, 8 air conditioning, 9-12 for drawings, 9 heating, 9, 10 piping, 9, 10 ventilating, 10, 11
T
air changes, 152 air-conditioning temperatures and hu
midities, 699-70? air leakage, 150-152 air requirements, 63 air, volume of, 18-21 air and water mixture, 14 allowable concentration
dust, fumes, 88 gases, vapors, 86, 87 altitude, pressure and temperature, 35 aluminum ducts, 309 analytical solutions for heat conduction,
60-62 anthracite size, 480, 481 antifreeze, solutions, 694 atmosphere, standard for altitudes, 35 atmospheric gas, 753 atmospheric impurities, 75, 753 attenuation
data, lining board, 355 in straight ducts, 354 of branches, 358 of plate absorber, 356 attic ventilation, 132, 146 azimuth angle, 188 black body radiation, 54 boiler ratings, 517-519 bonnet pressure, 287 bonnet temperature, 263, 284 building load factors, 551 calorific value, 380, 485, 487, 490 capture velocities, 719 carbon dioxide maximum, 492 cast-iron boiler rating, 520 ceiling temperature, 1 chimney damage - survey, 541 chimney draft, 539 chimney efficiency, 539 circular equivalents of rectangular
ducts, 298, 299 classification of
coals, 480 motors, 660 water, 752 climatic conditions, 162, 180 coal analyses, 480 coal classification, 480
codes, 787 coil heat emission, 219 combustible elements and compounds,
490 combustion rates, 521 comfort ranges, 69 condenser design data, 603, 604 . conductance, 51, -109-111
air space, 108 conduction problem solution, 56, 60-62 conductivity materials, 50, 109-111, 466 contaminant, allowable in water, 763 contaminant exhaust, 719. convection conductances, 51
xxi
Tables (continued)
conversion equations, 8
conveying velocity, 722-724, 729
cooling tower performance, 602
cooling tower pipe size, 772
copper elbow equivalents, 408
copper sheets, 310
copper tube dimensions, 450
copper tube surface, 450
correction factors
steam radiator, 221
water radiator, 221
corrosion resistance, 730, 731
cost of air conditioning, 748
degree days for cities, 547-651, 556, 557
design dry- and wet-bulb temperatures,
162-167, 178, 1S0-1SS, 686, 699
design humidity, 699-707
dew pointi fuels, 494
draft in chimneys, 539
draft requirements of appliances, 539 duct attenuation, 354-356
duct combinations, 258, 259
duct gages, 248, 308, 309
duct joints, 308, 309
duet sizing, 249, 252-262
duct velocity, 303
duct weight, 309, 310
dust concentration, 77, 87, 88
dust particle size, 76, 77
efficiency, utilization, 546
elbow equivalent, 300, 375, 408, 428, 770
electric heating systems, 242
electric water heaters, 779
emissivity factors, 54, 108
end reflection. 356
environmental conditions, limits, 67
equivalent length of fittings, 258, 259,
375, 428, 770
equivalent temperature differentials,
190, 192
exhaust, engines, 159
exhaust pipes for machines, 722-724
exhaust velocities, 719, 722-724
fabric filters, 342
fan outlet velocity, 319 fan speed, 319
fitting allowance, 258, 299, 375, 408, 428,
770
fitting dimensions, 462, 463
fixture flow, 765
fixture units, 766
flammability of gases and rapora, 89 flanged fittings surface, 470
flue gas dew point, 494
fluids, compressible, 41
free convection, 52
friction loss, pipe, 374, 377, 379, 407,508
friction, valves and fittings, 375, 408,
428, 770
- fuel combustion, 490
fuel consumption, 554
fuel oil properties, 484
fumes, concentration, 88
gas analysis, 487
gas piping capacity, 508
v
gaseous fuel properties, 487
y
glass block transfer, 133 .
glass sheet transfer, 133
graphical symbols, 9
grille area correction, 354
heat absorbed, cooling water, 603
heat conductance, 51, 56, 109-111
heat equivalents, 173
beat flow walls and roofs, 112-131, 192
heat gain
appliances, 210
coil heat emission, 219
glass, 196-199
glam blocks, 200-204
insulated cold pipes, 476