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; BOX NUMBER segment no. w-Vif REQUESTING PARTY . .ao+vo -. NOT E S MT-PWHD-004321 0008 053? 82 1 E X FILE .COPY 2 DEFENDANTS1 MARKED 3 MM - Letter dated April 8, 1974 (2 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 1, 2) 4 it NN - Xerox of article, "Progress in 5 Detecting the Worker Hypersusceptible to Industrial Chemicals" (2 pages) 6 (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 3, 4) 4 - "Industrial Hygienist GS-690-12" (6 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 5 - 10) 4 - "Maritime Safety Data, for Shipyards" (4 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 11 - 14) 4 - Blank Material Safety Data Sheet (2 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 15, 16) 4 - "Revisions under Consideration" (1 page) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, p. 17) 4 - "EEL's Recommended by NAS-NAE/NRC Committee on Toxicology" (2 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 18, 19) 4 - "BUMEDINST 6270.3F, 15 August 1972, Table G-3 -- Mineral Dusts" (8 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 20 - 27) 4 17 uu "Notice of Intent to Establish Threshold Limit Values, Ultraviolet 18 Radiation" (5 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 28 - 32) 4 19 w "BUMED 6270.3D, BUMED-732-rmo, 20 15 February 1966" (9 pages) . (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 33 - 41) 4 21 ww "Physical Exam Schedule," first 22 document dated 20 November 1973 (8 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 42- 49) 4 23 XX Group of documents bearing cover, 24 "Cincinnati Environmental Health Group Report" (52 pages) (Exhibits, 25 Vol. VI, pp. 50 - 101) 4 26 A / YY Rosters (12) "American Conference of V. Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc., 27 1977-1978"; "American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 28 1976-1977"; "American Industrial Hygiene Rendel B. Hutchings, Certified Court Reporters MT-PWHD-004322 83 EXHIBITS (Continued) DEFENDANTS' MARKED (YY - Continued) Association, Membership Book, ly74-1975"; "American Industrial Hygiene Association, 1975-1976 Membership Directory"; "Roster of The American Academy of Industrial Hygiene, 1970 1971"; "American Industrial Hygiene Association, Southern California Section, 1968 Membership Roster"; "Roster of Membership, Navy Industrial Hygiene Association (30 January 1974)"; "Roster of Membership, Navy Industrial Hygiene Association (30 January 1974)"; Blue Address Guide; "Workshop Attendees, San Francisco, 15-19 Nov. '71"; "Key Person Course, Resource Agencies/Refer ences"; "Medical Department Personnel Roster" (370 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 102 - 471) 4 12 ZZ - "R. Manning Correspondence," first 13 document dated 30 November 1973 (70 pages) (Exhibits,Vol. VI, pp. 472 - 541) 4 14 AAA - "Industrial Hygiene - Other Shipyards" 15 first document dated 20 May 1973 (148 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 543 - 16 689) 4 17 BBB - "Industrial Hygiene Reports" first document dated 20 February 1974 18 (90 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 690 - 779) 4 19 CCC - "IH Program Analysis, I. J. Smith" 20 first document dated 30 June 1970 (26 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, 21 pp. 780 - 805) 4 22 DDD - Memorandum dated 20 December 1972 (1 page) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, p. 806) 4 23 EEE - "OCMM Notice 12810" dated 29 Mar 1973 24 (3 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 807 - 809) 4 25 FFF - Pamphlet, "Vinyl Chloride in Air" 26 (11 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 810 - 820) 4 27 GGG - Notebook, "Hazardous Materials Manual, 28 NAVSHPYDBREM Instruction 5100.54" (119 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 821 - 939) 4 Rendel B. Hutchings, Certified Court Reporters MT-PWHD-004323 EXHIBITS (Continued) DEFENDANTS1 HHH - Notebook, "Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practice, 12th Edition" (341 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 940 - 1280) III - Notebook, "Safety Manual" (794 pages) (Exhibits, Vol. VI, pp. 1281 - 2074) MARKED 4 4 Rendel B. Hutchings, Certified Court Reporters MT-PWHD-004324 0008 0540 American INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION 1975-1976 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY 324 i * u \^r' is. MT-PWHD-004325 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 1975-76 PRESIDENT EDWARD J. BAIER National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, HD 20852 301-443-1530 President-Elect EVAN E. CAMPBELL Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory P.0. Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87545 505-667-5231 Vice President PAUL F. WOOLRICH The Upjohn Company 7171 Portage Road Kalamazoo, HI 49001 616-382-4000,Ext.3150 Past President JOHN A. PENDERGRASS 3H Center (220-2E) 3H Company St. Paul, HN 55101 612-733-2300 Secretary RICHARD B. KONZEN, Ph.D. College of Engineering Texas ASH University College Station, TX 77843 713-845-5531 Treasurer BRUCE A. HERTIG, Sc.D. 119 Mechanical Engineering Lab. University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 217-333-3686 Hanaglng Director WILLIAM E. McCORMICK American Industrial Hygiene Association 66 S. Miller Road Akron, OH 44313 216-836-9537 (Home) 216-864-4857 DIRECTORS Paul E. Caplan National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health 513-684-2141 Charles L. Cheever Argonne National Lab. 312-739-7711, Ext.3395 Allen L. Cudworth, Sc.D. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co 617-357-9500, Ext.3320 Theodore A. Felton General Electric Co. 408-297-3000, Ext.3394 Paul M. Giever Stanford Research Institute 703-524-2053 John A. Janous American Iron Steel Institute 202-452-7211 Howard L. Kusnetz Shell Oil Company 713-220-5604 James E. Long, Sc.D. 3M Company 612-733-7635 William H. Revoir, Jr. Welsh-A Textron Co. 401-943-4400 Joseph E. Zatek Mine Safety Appliances Company 412-241-5900 MT-PWHD-004326 1 325 TABLE OF OONTENTS Page AI11A, Formation ........................................................................ 3 Annual Meeting .......................................................................... 17 Articles of Incorporation ................................................. 5-13 Award, Cummings ........................................................................ Award, Yant .................................................................................. 39 Board of Directors (1969-1975) ...................................... 15 Board Coordinators ................................................................. 21 Bylaws ............................................................................................. 7 Committees Ad-Hoc ....................................................................................... Technical ................................................................................ 22 27-30 Standing .................................................................................. 23-26 Directors ....................................................................................... 1 Industrial Hygienist, Definition ................................. 3 Industrial Hygiene, Definition ...................................... 3 Insignia ......................................................................................... 20 Laboratories - Accredited ................................................. 175-180 Local Sections ........................................................................... 181-189 Membership Associate Grade .................................................................. 131-144 Full Grade ............................................................................. 35-130 Geographic Distribution .............................................. 146-170 Growth ....................................................................................... 20 Honorary ................................................... 16 Qualifications .................................................................... 4 Student Grade ...................................................................... 145 Sustaining .............................................................................. 171-174 Objectives .................................................................................... 3 Officers (1975-76) .................................................................. 1 Presidents (1939-1975) ........................................................ 14 Professional Industrial Hygienist, Definition .. 4 Representatives to ANSI ...................................................... 32-34 Representatives to Societies .......................................... 31 1 03 2 Incorporated 1956 under the General-Not-For-Profit Corporation Act of Illinois FORMATION The American Industrial Hygiene Association was established in 1939 by leading industrial hygienists. The first meeting was held in Cleveland, Ohio. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the Association as stated in the Articles of Incorporation are: 1. To promote the study, "valuation, and control of environmental stresses arising in or from the work place, or its products, in relation to the health or well being of workers and the public. 2. To increase the knowledge of industrial and en vironmental health through interchange and dissemina tion of information and to bring together persons interested in the various phases of industrial and environmental health. 3. To promote the profession through the encourage ment of interest within and cooperation with govern mental, industrial, educational, and other profession al bodies. DEFINITION OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE Industrial Hygiene is that science and art devoted to the recognition, evaluation and control of those environmental factors or stresses, arising in or from the work place, which may cause sickness, impaired health and well being, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers or among the citizens of the community. DEFINITION OF AN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST An Industrial Hygienist is a person having a college or university degree or degrees in engineering, chem istry, physics, or medicine, or related biological sciences who, by virtue of special studies and training, has acquired competence in Industrial Hygiene. Such special studies and training must have been sufficient in all of the above cognate sciences to provide the abilities: (1) to recognize the environmental factors and to understand their effect on man and his well being; (2) to evaluate, on the basis of experience and with the aid of quantitative measurement tech niques, the magnitude of these stress in terms of ability 3 326 MT-PWHD-004328 to impair man's health and well being; and (3) to pre scribe methods to eliminate, control or reduce such stresses when necessary to alleviate their effects. DEFINITION OF "PROFESSIONAL" INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST A professional industrial hygienist is a person possessing either a baccalaureate degree in engineering, chemistry or physics, or a baccalaureate degree in a closely related biological or physical science from an accredited college or university and who also has a minimum of three years of industrial hygiene experience. A completed doctorate in a related physical, biological or medical science, or in related engineering, can be substituted for two years of the three-year industrial hygiene experience requirement. A completed master's degree in a related physical or biological science, or in related engineering, can be substituted for one year of the three-year requirement. Under no circumstances can more than two years of graduate training be applied toward the three-year period. While this definition does not include certification, AIHA recognizee the need for such certification by every professional industrial hygienist as an appropriate hall mark by one's peers and strongly urges all members eligible for such certification to do so. . MEMBERSHIP QUALIFICATIONS AND TYPES As stated in the Bylaws in Article II, membership in the Association shall be open to persons who are engaged in industrial hygiene activities and such other persons or organizations as may be provided in the Bylaws. There shall be no limitation or discrimination because of race, creed, sex or color. Approval by two-thirds of the Board of Directors shall be required for election to all classes of membership. The classes of membership are; Student, Associate, MEMBER, Emeritus, Honorary, and Sustaining. Applications for membership may be obtained from the office of the Managing Director. Any organization may apply for Sustaining Membership, and must be approved by a two-thirds vote of the Board of Directors. Persons particularly distinguished in the general field of industrial hygiene or in a closely related scientific field may be granted Honorary Membership by the Board of Directors. LOCAL SECTION MEMBERSHIP Any person having a professional interest in industrial hygiene may become an associate member of a local section, entitled to all the privileges of membership of the section, except those of the national Association. Application for Associate membership in a local section should be made in writing, and must be sponsored by two members or associate members of that local section. 4 ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION Incorporated under the General-Not-For-Profit Corporation Act of Illinois filed with the Secretary of State of the State of the State of Illinois on September 21, 1956. ARTICLE I Name The name of the corporation is; AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION. ARTICLE II Duration The period of duration of the corporation is; PERPETUAL. ARTICLE III Address The address of its Registered Office in the State of Illinois is; 200 E. Randolph Dr., in the city of Chicago, County of COOK, and the name of its Registered Agent at said Address is: Jerome T. Siedlecki.* ARTICLE IV First Board The first Board of Directors shall be sixteen in number. ARTICLE V Object 1. To promote the study, evaluation, and control of environmental stresses arising in or from the work place or its products, in relation to the health or well-being of workers and the public. 2. To increase the knowledge of industrial and environ mental health through interchange and dissemination of in formation and to bring together persons interested in the various phases of industrial and environmental health. 3. To promote the profession through the encourage ment of interest within and cooperation with governmental, industrial, educational, and other professional bodies. The Registered Agent for the American Industrial Hygiene Association in the state of Ohio is William E. McCormick. 5 327 MT-PWHD-004329 #9 ARTICLE VI Membership The Association may have one or more classes of members. The designation of such class or classes and the qualifi cations and rights of members of each class shall be as set forth in the Bylaws. ARTICLE VII Officers Section 1. Die officers of the Association shall be President, a President-Elect, a Vice-President, a Secre tary, and a Treasurer. The officers shall be elected by members of the Association and shall serve until their successors are elected and installed. A Vice-President shall be elected and installed annually. Upon election and installation of his successor, the Vice-President shall become President-Elect. The President-Elect, upon install ation of his successor, shall become President. The Sec retary and Treasurer shall be elected for a term of three years. Their tenure of office shall not run concurrently. ARTICLE VIII Administration Section 1. The Association shall be governed by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors, by a resolu tion adopted by a majority of the Directors in office, may designate an Executive Committee. Hie Executive Com mittee shall consist of the five officers of the Associa tion and the most recent Past President. Section 2. The Board of Directors shall consist of nine elective directors, five officers, and for a period of one year following their terms of office, the Past President, Past Treasurer and Past Secretary. Section 3. A change in the number or qualifications of Directors of the Association shall be made only by amend ment to the articles of incorporation. Section 4. Three elective Directors shall be elected each year and each shall serve for a term of three years. Section 5. A Managing Director may be appointed by the Board of Directors. He need not be a member of the Association and shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. Sectign 6. Committees not having and exercising author ity of the Board of Directors in the management of the Association, may be designated by resolution adopted by a majority of the Directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present. BYLAWS ARTICLE I Meetings Section 1. The annual meeting of the Association shall be held at the time and place selected by the Board of Directors. There shall be at least one business session during the annual meeting. Section 2. Written notice of all annual and special meetings of the Association stating the place, day and hour of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting i6 called, shall be sent by mail to the members by the Managing Director, at the direction of the President, at least thirty days in advance of the date set for them. Section 3. The Managing Director, on direction of the President, shall notify in writing each member of the Board of Directors at least two weeks in advance of a meeting, as to the time, place, and purpose of the meeting of the Board of Directors. A majority of the Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum. ARTICLE II Mentaership Section 1. Membership in the Association shall be open to persons who are engaged in industrial hygiene activities and such other persons or organizations as may be provided in these Bylaws. There shall be no limitation or discrim ination because of race, creed, sex or color for membership in the Association. Approval by two-thirds of the Board of Directors shall be required for election to all classes of membership. Section 2. The classes of membership shall be: Student, Associate, MEMBER, Emeritus, Honorary, and Sustaining Mem bers. Section 2a. A full-time student at the college under graduate level may become a Student Member upon a yearly application and submission of adequate matriculation docu mentation to the Managing Director of the Association. A Student Member may not serve on committees, vote or hold office. A Student Member shall have an option to subscribe to the Association JOURNAL at a price established by the Board of Directors. Section 2b. An Associate Member shall be a person who has graduated from an accredited school of college grade and is currently engaged, a majority of his time, in industrial hygiene activities as defined by the Board of Directors, or who is a full-time graduate student in indus trial hygiene or a cognate discipline. Membership as an Associate Member is limited to a maximum of five years. An Associate Member may serve on committees and vote but may not be elected to any office of the Association. Section 2c. A MEMBER shall be a person who, for at least three years has been and is currently engaged a majority of his time in industrial hygiene activities 7 328 MT-PWHD-004330 as defined by the Board of Directors, and who has been graduated from an accredited school of college grade. Full time graduate study in industrial hygiene or a cognate dis cipline may be accepted on an equivalent time basis for any portion of the required three years of experience. A MEMBER may serve on coimittees, vote and be elected to the Board of Directors or any office of the Association. Section 2d. Upon receipt of application, the Board of Directors may approve Emeritus membership to a MEMBER who has become retired in fact. An Emeritus Member retains all privileges of the Association but will not be assessed dues. Section 2e. The Board of Directors may elect as Hono rary Members such persons as are particularly distinguished in the general field of industrial hygiene, or in a closely related scientific field. Honorary Membership shall be considered as purely honorary and requiring no duesi an I Honorary Member may not vote on Association matters unless | he is also a MEMBER in good standing or an Emeritus Member. : Section 2f. The Board of Directors may approve as I Sustaining Members such organizations as may apply for this > status. The dues for Sustaining Members and the privileges of this class of membership shall be defined by the Board of Directors. Section 2g. In exceptional cases, the Board of Direc tors, by a three-fourth's vote of all its members, may | waive the requirements specified for any membership cate gory. | Section 3. Application for membership shall be made on I forms approved by the Board of Directors. Each applicant must be sponsored by two MEMBERS in good standing! Emeri tus Members may also act as sponsors. Section 4. Dues become payable on the first day of January of each year. The dues per year for the various types of membership shall be first set by the Board of Directors and may be changed only by a plurality vote of the membership at any duly constituted business meeting of the Association or by a mail ballot. Section 5. Any member whose dues are unpaid on March 1st I is not in good standing, and he shall have no vote. When the dues of any member shall not be paid within one year after they are due, his membership is automatically ter minated. Section 6. Any member dropped for non-payment of dues may be reinstated at any tine previous to the convening of the annual meeting of the year following his delin quency by payment of dues in arrears and also dues for the current year. ; ARTICLE III i Election of Officers and Directors Section 1. Ho person shall be nominated or elected as an officer or director unless at the time of such nomin ation or election such person is an Emeritus Member or a MEMBER of the Association in good standing. Nominations for officers and elective directors shall be made by a Nominating Committee of three MEMBERS to be appointed by the Board of Directors. Each MEMBER of the Nominating Committee shall be from a different local section or geo graphical area. At least ninety days prior to the annual meeting, the Nominating Committee shall select two nomi nees for each elective office and shall select five nomi nees for elective directors. The list of nominations shall thereupon be forthwith mailed to each member of the Asso ciation. The members will vote and return their ballots not later than six weeks prior to the annual meeting. In making nominations for elective directors and officers, the Nominating Committee shall give consideration to main taining on the Board of Directors a balance of representa tion from industrial, governmental, educational, insur ance and professional interests and from different geo graphical areas. In addition to the nominations made by the Nominating Committee, nominations for officers and Board of Directors may be made by a petition of a minimum of 5t of the members eligible to vote. Each petition must include a letter from the nominee stating his willingness to stand for election. Such petition must be submitted to the Managing Director no later than 120 days prior to the annual meeting. The names of all petitioned nominees must appear on the ballot. The Managing Director shall certify to the Board the vailidity of the petition. Officers and directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast. Section 2. In case of a tie vote in any election for office in the Association, the tie shall be resolved by a majority vote of all members of the Board of Directors. Section 3. Installation of officers and directors shall take place at the last business session of the annual meeting. Upon expiration of term of office, the President, Secretary and Treasurer shall become members of the Board of Directors for one year. Section 4. In the event of a vacancy in the office of President, the President-Elect shall fill this vacancy and the Vice-President shall succeed to the office of President-Elect. In the event of a vacancy in the office of President-Elect, the Vice-President shall fill this vacancy. Any vacancy in the office of Vice-President shall be filled by a special election called by the Board of Directors. In addition to filling the office created by a vacancy, the officer shall serve the term in office for which normal succession would have been in effect. Should there be a vacancy in the office of the Treasurer, the Secretary shall assume the functions of that office until the Board of Directors, at its discre tion, acts to fill the vacancy either by appointment or by election. Should there be a vacancy in the office of the Secretary, the Treasurer shall assume the functions of that office until the Board of Directors, at its discretion, acts to fill the vacancy either by appoint ment or by election. The Board of Directors shall be empowered to fill a vacancy among the elective directors. The appointee shall serve the unexpired term. 9 MT-PWHD-004331 In the event of multiple simultaneous vacancies in the offices or directorship of the Association, the Board of Directors shall fill these vacancies by appointment or by election. The Board of Directors shall have the authority to call special elections. Special elections shall follow the Bame procedures as regular elections. Section 5. In the event that any officer or director be incapable of fulfilling the obligations of his office whether by geographical restriction, illness, or other cause, the Board of Directors shall be empowered to de clare this office vacant and the vacancy shall be filled according to the Bylaws. Inability to fulfill the obli gation of an office shall be determined by a three-fourth's vote of all members of the Board of Directors. ARTICLE IV ' Duties of Officers Section 1. The President shall be the principal admini strative officer of the Association, of the Board of Directors, and of the Executive Committee) shall preside j at all meetings of the Association and shall perform such i other duties as may be directed by the Board of Directors. | He should keep in contact with developments in the field of industrial hygiene and guide the Association in the formulation of constructive activities. Section 2. The President-Elect shall be responsible for nominating Chairmen and members to all cosmittees serving during the year of his presidency. These shall be subject to confirmation by the Board of Directors. The President Elect shall also perform any other duties delegated to him by the Board of Directors or assigned to him by the Presi dent and approved by the Board of Directors. Section 3. The Vice-President shall be Chairman of the I Program Oommittee. He shall perform any other duties delegated to him by the Board of Directors or assigned to ' him by the President and approved by the Board of Directors. Section 4. The Treasurer shall be the Chairman of the Finance Oosmiittee and the Controller of the funds of the Association. He shall prepare an annual budget for approval by the Board of Directors. He shall submit an annual report to the Association in such form as may be determined by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall be bonded in such an amount as shall be determined by the Board of Directors, from year to year and in a company approved by the Board of Directors. Expense of bond shall be borne by the Association. In the event the Managing Director is unable to perform the duties of his office, the Treasurer will perform those duties re lating to receiving and disbursing the funds of the Asso ciation until other arrangements have been made. Section 5. The Secretary shall keep an accurate record of all the transactions of all meetings of the Association, of the Board of Directors and of the Execu tive Oosmiittee. Section 6. The Managing Director shall manage the business affairs of the Association, shall be the custodian of the monies and property of the Association: shall re ceive monies due to the Association and pay all authorized bills against the Association. The accounts shall be sub mitted for audit at the close of the fiscal year and a report presented to the Board of Directors, lie shall be bonded in such amount as shall be determined by the Board of Directors, and ,in a company approved by the Board of Directors. Expenses of bond shall be borne by the Asso ciation. The Managing Director shall carry on the corres pondence of the Association, shall keep an accurate list of the members and their status, and shall perform such other duties as may be directed by the Board of Directors. ARTICLE V Duties of the Board of Directors and Executive Committee Section 1. The Board of Directors shall hold regular meetings at least twice a year, one of these meetings to be held during the annual meeting of the Association. They shall review the activities of the Association, as presented by the President, and consider such other matters as may be brought to their attention. Section 2. The Executive Committee shall administer the affairs of the Association as delegated by the Board of Directors. Any expenditures to be assessed against the funds of the Association not authorized previously by the Board of Directors shall be approved by the Execu tive Committee prior to their being incurred. The Execu tive Committee may authorize the President to approve the payment of any regular items of expenditure up to any amount established by the Board of Directors. It shall assist the President in carrying out his activities. It shall be responsible to the Board of Directors for its actions. ARTICLE VI Committees Section 1. The Board of Directors shall appoint a Program Committee. The membership of the committee shall be as determined by the Board of Directors. The Vice President shall act as Chairman of the Program Committee. The duty of the Program Committee shall be to provide the program for the annual meeting of the Association. Section 2. The Board of Directors may appoint an Ethics Committee of three MEMBERS. Upon recommendation of the Ethics Committee a membership may be terminated by the Board of Directors, provided that a copy of the charge against the member shall be furnished to him in writing at least thirty days before the meeting at which action is to be taken. A three-fourth's vote of all members of the Board of Directors shall be required to terminate membership. 11 330 MT-PWHD-004332 Section 3. Ail resolutions for submission to the Association shall be referred to the appropriate committee for study and recommendation. Section 4. The Board of Directors shall appoint an Editorial Committee. This Committee shall establish pro cedures to carry out the editorial policies of the Associa tion and may recommend to the Board of Directors that cer tain policies be established. Section 5. The President shall appoint members to serve and to represent the Association on committees formed by other organizations. Section 6. The Board of Directors shall appoint an Awards Committee. This Committee may select, and present such selections for approval by the Board of Directors, a member or group of members of the Association to receive the American Industrial Hygiene Association awards. These i awards shall be made in recognition of outstanding service ! in the field of industrial hygiene and 6hall bepresented ^ not more frequently than once a year. | Section 7. The Board of Directors shall appoint such i other committees as they deem necessary. They shall appoint ' special conmittees at their discretion to facilitate han dling the affairs of the Association or its activities, i Section 8. The membership of all committees shall ! terminate with the last business session of the annual | meeting. j ARTICLE VII I Local Sections Section 1. The Board of Directors shall have the power to foster the formation of Local Sections. The Board of Directors shall consider an application from six or more members of the Association to establish a Local Section and shall establish the geographical area of such sections, j Section 2. Any member of a Local Section in good standing may hold any elected office of that sectionj however, at least one member of the Local Section's Executive Committee must be a MEMBER in good standing of the American Industrial Hygiene Association. Section 3. The Constitution and Bylaws of each Local Section must be approved by the Board of Directors. Section 4. Before a Local Section publishes or other wise issues publicly any statement upon a policy or tech nical matter which purports to represent the opinion of the American Industrial Hygiene Association it must obtain the consent of the Board of Directors. Section 5. Before any officer or director of a Local Section publishes or otherwise issues publicly any state ment upon a policy matter which is within the policy area of the Local Section, he shall determine by a poll that the statement expresses the majority opinion of the ! members of the Local Section. 12 Section 6. The Board of Directors shall establish a Local Sections Council. Two MEMBERS of the Association, in good standing, shall be elected or appointed to this Council by each Local Section of the Association. To pro mote continuity in the Council, the councilors should be the two highest ranking officers of the Local Section. If not these officers, the councilors should be equally fami liar with their Local Section Affairs. The chairman of the Local Sections Council shall call a meeting of this Council at the time of the annual meet ing. The Local Sections Council shall conduct its activi ties with the advice of the Board of Directors and coranunicate to the President any wishes of the Local Sections. The President shall present the actions of the Local Sections Council to the Board of Directors for their consideration during the period of that annual meeting. Section 7. The Board of Directors, by a two-third6 vote, shall have the power to dissolve any local section. ARTICLE VIII Inter-Organizational Relations The Board of Directors may establish reciprocal rela tions with any organization or federation whose work and activities are closely allied to industrial hygiene. ARTICLE IX Seal The Board of Directors shall provide a corporate 6eal which shall be in the form of a circle and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Association and the words, "Corporate Seal, Illinois." ARTICLE X Amendments Section 1. Amendments to Bylaws may be proposed at any annual meeting by a majority vote of the attending members eligible to vote. Proposed amendments shall be circulated to the voting membership with a letter ballot. A majority of letter ballots returned within thirty days shall be required for adoption. 13 331 oo CO Oon i-- -J PRESIDENTS OF THE ASSOCIATION *1939 1940 *1941 *1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 *1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 *1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 William P. Yant, Sc.D. Warren A. Cook Donald E. Cummings Philip Drinker, Sc.D. Helinuth H. Schrenk, Ph.I John J. Bloomfield Robert A. Kehoe, H.D. Frank A. Patty Theodore F. Hatch James H. Sterner, H.D. Edgar C. Barnes Allen D. Brandt, Sc.D. Anna M. Baetjer, Sc.D. William H. Bradley Henry F. Smyth, Jr., Ph. Herbert T. Walworth Nathan V. Hendricks Lester V. Cralley, Ph.D. Charles R. Williams, Ph. Kenneth W. Nelson Elmer P. Wheeler Jack C. Radcliffe Willis G. Hazard Kenneth H. Horse Harry F. Schulte William E. McCormick Vincent J. Castrop William T. McCormick Clyde M. Berry, Ph.D. Lewis J. Cralley, Ph.D. David W. Fassett, H.D. Franklin W. Church John A. Zapp, Jr., Ph.D. Paul D. Halley Jerome T. Sledlecki John A. Pendergrass Edward J. Baler *Deceased ifllf jj * ,3: 111 5 4J n4 irj 5 ddH t | li a3S s ill s * s lh s h iii 5 4 aj * Ma r* *i a t |fl j * m ad jd*d E ll. _ Hi 5 4 ki n ;S ill s St p ill 1 * |f| g j iff I p I *2: l Ml a | III i 4 si d t'iMtl III i W fc d m a! S. it s j Maa; d4d8l HI tm iH 1t lSij. Eg! =iii{ilJSl5jLSE!t|sSj-iil51 15 o o o CO o 4cf-tn`. CO HONORARY MEMBERS In 1955 a class of "Honorary Membership" was established. The Board of Directors may elect to such membership persons who are particularly distinguished in the general field of Industrial Hygiene, or in a closely related scientific field. Honorary Membership shall be considered as purely honorary and requiring no dues, and it does not permit such members to vote on Association matters unless such person is also a member of the Association in good stand ing. Persons considered for Honorary Membership shall be elected by a two-thirds vote of the Board of Directors. The following individuals have been thus honored: Anna M. Baetjer, Sc.D. John J. Bloomfield Heinrich Brieger, M.D.* Ethel Browning, M.D.* Jacob Choiok Plorence Clayton Warren A. Cook A.G. Crunch, M.D.* Philip Drinker, Sc.D.* A. Christine Einert, M.D. Hervey B. Elkins, Ph.D. J.William Fehnel* Leonard Greenburg, M.D. Paul Gross, M.D. Alice Hamilton, M.D.* T.F.Hatch Don D. Irish, Ph.D. Robert A. K.ehoe, M.D. A.J.Lanza, M.D.* Carey P. McCord, M.D. Heinz Oettel, M.D., Ph.D. Frank A. Patty Edward C. Riley, M.D. Royd R. Sayers, M.D.* Helmuth H. Schrenk, Ph.D. Clarence D. Selby, M.D.* Henry F. Smyth, Jr., Ph.D. H.Wilbur Speicher James H. Sterner, M.D. Ludwig Teleky, M.S.* W.F.von Oettingen, M.D., Ph.D. Herbert T. Walworth William P. Yant, Sc.D.* *Deceased ANNUAL MEETINGS PAST MEETINGS 1939 June 5-6 1940 June 4-5 1941 May 5-9 1942 April 15-17 1943 May 25-26 1944 May 10-11 1945 1946 April 8-11 1947 April 29-May 1 ---- 194B March 30-April 1 1949 April 5-7 1950 April 25-27 1951 April 24-26 1952 April 22-24 1953 April 21-23 1954 April 26-29 1955 April 25-28 1956 April 23-27 1957 April 22-26 1958 April 22-25 1959 April 27-May l 1960 April 25-28 1961 April 9-13 1962 May 13-17 1963 May 6-10 1964 April 26-30 1965 May 3-7 1966 May 16-20 1967 May 1-6 1968 May 13-17 1969 May 12-16 1970 May 11-15 1971 May 24-28 1972 May 14-19 1973 May 21-25 1974 May 12-17 1975 June 1-6 Cleveland,OH Hew York, NY Pittsburgh, PA Cincinnati, OH Rochester, NY St. Louis, HO (No meeting) Chicago, IL Buffalo, NY Boston, MA Detroit, MI Chicago, IL Atlantic City, NJ Cincinnati, OH Los Angeles, CA Chicago, IL Buffalo, NY Phi lade] phi.a. *'' St. Louis, MO Atlantic City Chicago. It Rochester, iV Detroit, MI Washington, DC Cincinnati, OH Philadelphia, PA Houston, TX Pittsburgh, PA Chicago, IL St. Louis, MO Denver, CO Detroit, MI Toronto, Canada San Francisco, CA Boston, MA Miami Beach, FL Minneapolis, MN FUTURE MEETINGS 1976 May 16-21,Marriott Hotel 1977 May 22-27,Fairmont Hotel 1978 May 7-12,Biltmore Hotel 1979 May 27-June 1,Palmer House 1980 May 18-23,Hyatt Regency Hotel 1981 May 24-29,Hilton Hotel Atlanta, GA Hew Orleans, LA Los Angeles, CA Chicago, IL Houston, TX Portland,, OR 16 17 ooo CO con -Ft CO CUMMINGS MEMORIAL AWARD A feature of the annual meetings Is the presentation of the Cummings Memorial Award for outstanding contribu tions to the knowledge and practice of the profession of Industrial Hygiene. The award was established by the Board of Directors in 1943 in memory of Donald E. Cummings, our third president. The award recipients are listed below. 1944 1947 1948 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 Leroy Gardner, M.D.* William p. Vant, Sc.D* Alice Hamilton, M.D.* Philip Drinker, Sc.D.* Theodore F. Hatch Leonard Greenburg, M.D. Warren A. Cook Frank A. Patty James H. Sterner, M.D. Henry F. Smyth, Jr., Ph.D. Helmuth H. Schrenk, Ph.D. John J. Bloomfield No Award Gordon C. Harrold, Ph.D. Manfred Bowditch (Posthumously)* William G. Fredrick, Sc.D.Lecture Herbert T. Walworth Robert A. Kehoe, M.D., Lecture Allen D. Brandt, Sc.D.* Anna M. Baetjer, Sc.D. Charles R. Williams, Ph.D.* Don D. Irish, Ph.D. Hervey B. Elkins, Ph.D. Willis G. Hazard Herbert E. Stokinger, Ph.D. Edgar C. Barnes Lester V. Cralley, Ph.D. Harry F. Schulte George D. Clayton Mary O. Amdur, Ph.D. William B. Deichmann, Ph.D., M.D.(Hon) Robert A. Kehoe, M.D. *Deceased WILLIAM P. YANT AWARD In 1964 the board of Directors established the Yant Award in memory of the first president of the Association, William P. Yant, Sc.D. The award is presented for out standing contributions in Industrial Hygiene or allied fields, to an individual residing outside the United States, who has been recommended by the Past Presidents of AlfJA and approved by the Board of Directors. Recipients have been the followings 1965 Henry L. Green Salisbury, Wiltshire, England 1966 Alberto Hurtado, M.D. Lima, Peru, South America 1967 Sven Forssman, M.D. Stockholm, Sweden 1968 Leo Noro, M.D. Helsinki, Finland 1969 Enrico C. Vigliani, M.D. Milan, Italy 1970 Etienne P. Grandjean, M.D. Zurich, Switzerland 1971 W.H.Walton Edinburgh, Scotland 1972 Jaroslav Teisinger, Sc.D. Prague, Czechoslovakia 1973 C.H.Wyndliam Marshalltown, Transvaal 1974 Clifford G. Warner, Ph.D. South Wales, United Kingdom 1975 Werner KlosterkStter, Dr.Med. Essen, West Germany O jl o CO 0o7 07 O 19 INSIGNIA The new logotype of the Association is shown on the front cover of this book. This design was approved by the Board of Directors at its meeting June 1, 1975. A few emblems of the former insignia, in the form of gold lapel or tie tacs and watch charms are still available and may be obtained from the Managing Director for $5.00 postpaid, inclusive of 1'ederal Tax. ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP TABLE 1-Growth in Membership Year 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 Number of Members 160 270 290 322 359 353 371 427 493 548 621 707 763 800 860 946 974 1007 Year 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 Number of Members 1022 1110 1165 1196 1260 1324 1362 1415 1441 1511 1600 1644 1649 1616 1630 1627 1987 2344 BOARD COORDINATORS (For all Standing and Technical Committees) STANDING COMMITTEES John A. Janous Local Sections Council Law Public Affairs Howard L. Kusnetz Membership Monograph Sustaining Membership William H. Revoir, Jr. ANSI Representation Manpower and Career Development Society Representation Joseph E. Zatek Editorial Long Range Planning Trade Practices TECHNICAL COMMITTEES Paul E. Caplan Allen L. Cudworth Engineering Personal Protective Equipment Respirator % Analytical Chemistry Direct Reading Gaseous Detecting Systems Theodore A. Felton Air Pollution Laboratory Accreditation Paul M. Giever Ionizing Radiation Non-ionizing Radiation Noise James E. Long Ergonomics Hygienic Guides Toxicology 20 21 335 ## AD - HOC COMMITTEES Direct Beading Gaseous Detecting Systems 1974 - Joseph H. Klinsky, Chairman 1975 - Serafino J. Fisco 1975 - Leroy L. Garcia 1974 - Melton M. Garcia ----------- Arthur E. Johnston (Emeritus) ----------- Nelson A. Leidel (Consultant) ----------- Adrian L. Linch (Emeritus) ----------- Michael M. Roder (Consultant) ----------- H.W.Speicher (Emeritus) 1972 - Alvin L. VanderKblk Respirator 1973 - George L. Morse, Chairman ----------- John M. White, vice Chariman (Emeritus) 1974 - Robert J. Barghlni 1975 - Darrell A. Bevis ----------- Jerrold L. Caplan (Consultant) 1974 - Theodore A. Felton ----------- Alan K. Gudeman (Consultant) ----------- Patricia Gussey (Consultant) 1974 - Bruce J. Held ----------- Edwin C. Hyatt (Emeritus) 1975 - Arthur E. Johnston 1974 - John A. Jones 1972 - Edwin J. Kloos 1972 - Ross N. Kusian 1973 - Joe Lipera -------- -- Stewart G. luxon (Emeritus) 1975 - Henry J. McDermott 1975 - Alexsandra Nawakowski 1974 - John A. Pritchard 1975 - William H. Revoir, Jr. 1975 - Alan E. Sherr ----------- Richard L. Stein (Consultant) LOCAL SECTIONS COUNCIL Chairmani Theodore A. Aucoin, Jr. Vice Chairmans John D. Voder, Sc.D. Secretary; Charles S. Laubly 22 STANDING COMMITTEES Awards 1975 - John A. Pendergrass, Chairman 1974 - Charles L. Cheever 1974 - Paul M. Giever 1974 - Howard L. Kusnetz 1974 - Jerome T. Siedlecki CONFERENCE Gordon Nifong, General Chairman Vice Chairman, AIHAs James L. Burson Vice Chairman, ACGIH; Thomas W. Freeman Arrangements Goiwnittee James L. Burson, Chairman William F. Crowder George Hayes Paul Richter Banquet Committee John Savidge, Chairman Seneca Foote James McHale Commercial Exhibitors Robert R. Weeks, Chairman Entertainment Gwen Dekle, Chairwoman Program Committee Paul F. Woolrich, Chairman Robert S. Ajemian-Noise Edward J. Hobbs-Toxicology Eliezer Kamon-Ergonomics Ross N. Kusian-Respiratory Protective Devices William S. Lainhart, M.D.-Occupational Medicine Robert Kagor-Alr Pollution Owen R. Moss-Aerosol Technology William E. Murray-Non-Ionizing Radiation John P. Sapia-Engineering John M. Selby-Ionizing Radiation Frederick H. Toca-Analytical Chemistry Richard L. Sweitzer-Personal ` Henry M. Taylor,Jr.-Personal Ladies Hospitality Committee Virginia Nifong, Chairwoman Gwen Dekle Alice Farrar Publicity Holmes Pyles, Chairman Refresher Courses Leon D. Horowitz, Chairman (The year shown is when first appointed 23 336 i.,_i O CO IV' icrcT' # ## STAMPING COMMITTEES, cont. Registration R.A.Tremblay, Chairman Scientific Exhibits Wendell Ringer, Chairman Richard Lux Editorial 1975 - Harley H. Bovee, Chairman 1975 - Ralph E. Allen 1975 - James L. Burson 1975 - Steven H. Cant 1975 - David Dunham 1975 - Lester Levin 1975 - Henry B. Lick 1975 - Gary E. Myers 1975 - Donald M. Ross 1975 - Noel J. Varela 1975 - Michael 0. Varner 1975 - Maurice H. Meeks Finance 1973 - Bruce A. Hertig, Chairman 197S - James E. Long 1975 - John A. Pendergrass 1975 - Paul F. Woolrich 1974 - Joseph E. Zatek Journal Associate Editors Franklin D. Griffith Thomas T. Mercer James 0. Pierce Richard F. Scherberger Harry F. Schulte John S. Shockley, Jr. Laboratory Accreditation Committee 1972 - Russell VanHouten, Chairman 1974 - Fred M. Toca, Vice Chairman 1972 - James 0. Pierce, Past Chairman 1973 - O'Neil Banks 1974 - George Boylen 1973 - John V. Crable 1975 - H.F.Herr 1973 - Arthur E. Johnston William E. McCormick, Ex officio 1975 - William D. Kelley 1975 - Newton Whitman 1974 - J. Lloyd Monkman 1973 - Betty O'Shea 1975 - C-E.Roessler 1975 - Lawrence G. Silverstein 1974 - Ralph G. Smith 24 STANDING COMMITTEES, cont. Law Committee 1973 - Charles H. Powell, Chairman 1975 - Ralph E. Allen, Vice Chairman 1975 - Morton Corn 1973 - Kenneth D. Johnson 1973 - William T. Keane 1973 - Frank L. Paschal, Jr. 1973 - Stanley T. Wagner 1975 - Claudia Prieve 1975 - Grover C. Nrenn Long-Range Planning 1975 - Jerome Siedlecki, Chairman 1975 - J. Leroy Balzer 1975 - Charles L. Cheever 1975 - Gerald E. Devitt 1973 - Ernest M. Dixon 1975 - Virgil J. Konopinski 1975 - Erwin R. Tichauer 1974 - Paul E. Toth 1975 - Dennis A. Tyler Managing Directors' Operations 1975 - Clyde M. Berry, Chairman 1975 - Allen L. Cudworth 197S - Gerald E. Devitt 1975 - Bruce A. Hertig 1975 - Gordon D. Nifong 1975 - Edward B. Redden 1974 - Jerome T. siedlecki Membership 1974 - J.K.Sugg, chairman 1974 - E.R.Evavold, Vice Chairman 1973 - R.S.Ajemian 1973 - R.D.Ashley 1973 - T.A.Aucoin, Jr. 1973 - W.J.Brown, Jr. 1974 - F.J.Darcy 1973 - M.S.Gabis 1973 - J.T.Garrett 1974 - F.L.Oglesby 1975 - Edward J. Sowinski 1973 - R.A.Tremblay Monograph 1973 - Elmer P. Wheeler, Chairman 1973 - William A. Burgess 1973 - John F. Ege, Jr. 1973 - Harry F. Schulte 25 MT-PWHD-004339 STANDING COMMITTEES, cont. Nominating 197S - John A. Pendergrass, Chairman 1975 - Cols M. Brown 1974 - Jerome T. Siedlecki 1975 - John D. Yoder Public Affairs 1973 - Allen L. Cudworth, Chairman 1973 - Dennis A. Tyler, Vice Chairman 1975 - Robert Diakun 1973 - Charles P. Dorsey 1973 - Theodore A. Felton 1973 - John W. Feuk 1973 - Frank M. Parker, III 1973 - William H. Persky 1973 - Jerry F. Shultz 1973 - Mario Storlazzi Sustaining Membership William LaRocque, Chairman (Emeritus) Russell C. Ruhf, Vice Chairman (Emeritus) 1975 - Robert J. Archer 1974 - Louis S. Beliczky 1975 - Robert Comboy 1975 - Roy J. Covert 1973 - Dale Culp 1974 - W.T.Keane 1974 - John D. Neefus, Sr. 1975 - Charles A. Peterson 1974 - Wendell Ringer 1973 - Jon R. Swanson 1975 - Ronald Stolberg Tellers 1973 - Louis S. Beliczky, Chairman 1973 - Robert W. Modrell 1974 - George L. Wilson i l 26 TECHNICAL COMMITTEES Air Pollution 1974 - William H. Krebs, Chairman 1973 - Rodney R. Beard 1974 - G.J.Butler 1973 - Robert P. Beliles 1973 - Gerald E. Devitt 1975 - William L. Dyson 1973 - Edward R. Hermann 1973 - Robert C. Magor 1975 - Charles E. McJilton 1975 - Albert J. Rosso 1973 - William E. Stocum 1975 - Donald E. Waid 1973 - Lowell G. Wayne Analytical Chemistry 1973 - Billy S. Smith, Chairman 1973 - William R. Burg 1975 - Therese Donovan 1973 - John Dunatan 1975 - William H. Dyre 1975 - Reginald Griffin 1973 - Fred I. Grunder 1973 - Albert C. Holler 1975 - James Jackson 1973 - Morris Joselow 1974 - Daniel Lillian 1973 - Robert C. Magor 1975 - George U. Oleru 1975 - Louis Press 1975 - Stephen M. Rappaport 1974 - Cecil L. Smith 1975 - Edward J. Sowinski 1974 - Jeanne M. Steliman 1973 - Robert L. Stoffer 1973 - Frederick M. Toca 1973 - Thomas J. Walker Engineering 1973 - Thomas Anania, Chairman 1973 - Donald R. Lyman, Vice Chairman 1975 - David J. Burton 1973 - William Cleary 1975 - Richard J. Coombs 1975 - Roy J. Covert 1975 - Louis J. DiBarardinis 1975 - David Dunham 1975 - John M. Hochstrasser 1973 - G.J.Krafcisin 1975 -- Lee B. Larsen 1975 - John E. Mutchlar 1975 - Joseph Nachtman 1975 - Peter W. Pharis 1974 - John Polhemus 1973 - F.M.Benshaw 1973 - John P. Sapia 27 MT-PWHD-004340 TECHNICAL COMMITTEES, cont. Ergonomics Jerry D. Ramsey, Chairman (Emeritus) 1973 - John R. Brown 1974 - Don B. Chaffin 1975 - D. Francis Dukes-Dobos 1975 - Austin F. Henschel 1974 - Bruce A. Hertig 1974 - Eliezer Kamon 1974 - Jerry L. Purswell 1975 - Paul E. Smith 1975 - Stover H. Snook 1975 - Erwin R. Tichauer ----------- Thomas A. Walker (Emeritus) Hygienic Guides 1975 - Howard E. Runion. Chairman 1975 - Charles H. Powell, Vice Chairman 1975 - Oneil M. Banks 1975 - Dial W. Brewer 1975 - Paul E. Caplan 1975 - Emil E. Christofano 1975 - David P. Discher 1975 - Richard E. Fulwiler 1974 - Bruce S. Horvath 1975 - William C. Janes 1975 - Mars Y. Longley 1975 - H.J.Trochimowicz 1975 - Carl Zenz Ionizing Radiation 1972 - Robert G. Thomas, Chairman 1973 - William J. Friedman 1975 - Andrew A. Mammarelli 1973 - David Rimberg i 1974 - L.G.Silverstein 1975 - Emery E. Sobottka 1975 - Robert G. Wissink Noise jj 1972 - Alonzo M. Webber, Chairman | 1974 - Stanley H. Judd, Vice Chairman I 1973 - Robert S. Ajemian 1975 - N.R.Dotti i 1973 - Walter L. Eneidi 1 1975 - Aram Glorig j 1975 - William M. Ihde 1975 - Francis S. Jana : 1975 - George W. Kamperman | 1975 - Gene X. Kortsha ' 1974 - Rudolph M. Marrazzo 1975 - John B. Masaitis 1975 - Donald R. McFee 1975 - Arthur Neilson 1975 - Paul B. Ostergaard 1975 - S.I.Roth 1973 - Frank C. Sentz, Jr. 1975 - Edwin H. Toothman 28 TECHNICAL COMMITTEES, cont. Noise, cont. 1974 - Guy F. VanAuken 1974 - Thomas K. Wilkinson Non-Ionizing Radiation 1975 - Charles R. McHenry, Chairman 1975 - Richard F. Boggs 1973 - Thomas W. Freeman 1975 - Alphonse F. Klascius 1975 - Wordie H. Parr 1973 - Frank L. Paschal, Jr. i 1974 - Howard B. Perry 1973 - Robert A. Rennicks 1975 - Alan E. Sherr 1975 - Thomas K. Wilkenson Personal Protective Devices (Other than Respiratory) 1974 - Richard L. Sweitzer, co-chairman 1974 - Henry M. Taylor, Jr., Co-Chairman 1975 - W. Lee Barnhart 1975 - Louis P. Gendemalik 1974 - Ronald L. Guinn 1975 - Gerald L. Hess 1975 - H.V.Hodnick 1975 - Thomas E. Kreichelt 1975 - Henry A. Makino 1975 - George L. Morse Toxicology 1973 - Franklin D. Griffith, Chairman 1975 - Evelyn G. Burtis 1972 - Charles C. Clarke 1974 - Ernest M. Dixon 1974 - E.J.Hobbs 1974 - Morris M. Joselow 1972 - John G. Keller 1973 - Moreno L. Keplinger 1974 - George J. Levinskas 1975 - Harold N. MacFarland 1972 - James N. McNemey, Jr. 1975 - Andrew L. Reeves 1975 - Marshall Steinberg 1975 - Andrew Tegeris Carrol S. Weil (Emeritus) 1973 - Claude H. Wolf QOo 00 CinD tinn TECHNICAL COMMITTEES, cont. Trade Practices 1973 - William J. Uber, Chairman 1973 - C.H.Borcherding, Vice Chairman 1974 - R.J.Barghini 1974 - 2.B.Bell, Jr. 1973 - Dennis R. Dailey 1973 - Stephen C. Davis 1974 - W.L.Dyson 1973 - T.A.Felton 1973 - Edward B. Landry 1973 - P.W.McDaniel 1973 - Gyan S. Rajhans 1973 - A.J.Rosso 1974 - A.E.Sethre 1973 - David N. Staples 1974 - J.M.Stellman 1973 - A.G.Widner 30 AXHA OFFICIAL REPRESENTATIVES TO SOCIETIES Air Pollution Control Association R.C.Wanta American Academy of Occupational Medicine Carl U. Dernehl,M.D. American Association for the Advancement of Science Knowlton J. Caplan American Society for Testing and Materials D22 Committee Paul M. Giever J.Brennan Gisclard D26 Committee 2eb G.Bell, Jr.,Sc.D. E34 Committee John W. Feuk Inter-Society Committee on Industrial Hearing Conservation Paul L. Michael, Ph.D LCDR Joseph J. Drozd, Jr, Inter-Society Committee for Preparation of Manuals on Ambient Air Sampling and Analysis George D. Clayton Subcommittee No. 6 Fred I. Grunder Subcommittee on Stack Sampling M.Dean High National Council on Radiation Protection Harry F. Schulte George M. Wilkening National Sanitation Foundation Advisory Committee for Personal Dosimetry J.D.Eastes National Scouting Organizations John Hochstrasser Martin Omosky National Society for Medical Research Claude H. Wolf Occupational Health Institute Jerome T. Siedlecki Commission on Accreditation of Occupational Health Programs John A. Pendergrass, Commissioner |i jpi 31 J if 1 340 MT-PWHD-004342 REPRESENTATIVES ON ANSI CODE COMMITTEES A-ll, Industrial Lighting Rep.: John J. Ferry Alt.: H.Wilbur Speicher A-40.8, National Plumbing Code Rep.s Howard Perry Alt.> Jerome C. Flato B-30, Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists Rep.> Lewis Barba Alt.i Elmer J. Hlavaty B-31.6, Chemical Process Piping Rep.i Norman G. White, Ph.D. C-95, Radio Frequency Electro-magnetic Radiation Hazards Rep.: H. Wilbur Speicher K-13, Identification of Gas Mask Canisters Rep.: Edward Hyatt Alt.) William Revoir, Jr. K-68, Epoxy Resins Rep.: Frank M. Parker, III Alt.i Loren B. Canada L-18, Specifications for Protective Clothing Rep.i Adrian Linch Nuclear Advisory Board Rep.i Thomas Burnett Alt.i William Ray N-12, Nuclear Terminology Rep.s James Martin N-13, Radiation Protection Rep.: H. Wilbur Speicher Alt.s William Kelley N-14, Transportation of Fissile and Radioactive Materials Rep.: Reynold Hoover N-42, Nuclear Instrumentation Rep. -. William Ray 32 t N-43, Equipment for Non-Medical Radiation Applications Rep.i Walter Kbnn Alt.: Grover C. Wrenn, Jr. N-44, Equipment and Materials for Medical Radiation Applications Rep.: John J. Ferry N-46, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities and Processes Rep.: Thomas Burnett Alt.: William H. Ray N-48, Radioactive Waste Management Rep.: Andrew T. Sabo Alt.; Wesley E. Piros Safety Standards Board Rep.: George Wilkening Alt.: John J. Ferry S-l, Sound Level Meters Rep.: George W. Kamperman . S-2, Mechanical Schock and Vibration Rep.: Mohamed N. Ayoub, Ph.D. S-3. Bioacoustics Rep.: Paul L. Michael, Ph.D. Alt.: Thomas Bonney Z-4, Safety Code for Industrial Sanitation Rep.: William Ingram Alt.: Gordon D. Nifong, Ph.D. Z-9, Safety Code for Exhaust Systems Rep.: Donald L. Webster Z-12, Safety Code for Prevention of Dust Explosions Rep.: Murray Jacobson Z-35, Industrial Accident Prevention Signs Rep.: Lawrence W. Keller Alt.: Robert A. Rennicks *Z-37, Acceptable Concentrations of Toxic Dusts and Gases Rep.: Moreno L. Keplinger, Ph.D. Alt.: John Wedig, Ph.D. Z-49, Safety in Electric and Gas Welding and C Operations Rep.: H.Wilbur Speicher Alt.; John J. Ferry MT-PWH D-00434C Z-63, Code for Direct Gas-Fired Make-up Air Heaters Rep.: Kenneth Robinson Z-84, Glossary of Environmental Terms Rep.: Russell Ruhf Z-87, Safety Code for Eye Protection Rep.: H. Wilbur Speicher Alt.i William A. Redman, Jr., M.D. Z-88, Safety Code for Respiratory Protection Rep.: William Revoir, Jr. Alt.i Edward Hyatt Z-105, Code for Air Clewing Equipment Rep.; Knowlton Caplan Alt.: Paul W. McDaniel Z-117, Safety Requirements for Working in Tanks and Confined Spaces Rep.: Byron Berg Alt.: Jon R. Swanson, Fh.D. Z-135, Safety in Professional and Commercial Diving Operations Rep.: Edward Auerill Z-136, Lasers and Masers Rep.: Charles McHenry Alt.: Isaac Matelsky, Consultant Z-137, Hearing Protection Rep.: Paul L. Michael, Ph.D. Alt.: Thomas Bonney Z-228, Incinerator Rep.: Donald Wald `AIHA is the Secretariat for this Committee. The officers are the following: Jerome F. Cole, Sc.D., Chairman i William R. LaRocque, Vice Chairman ' Margaret A. Jordan, AlflA, Secretary 34 I FULL MEMBERS - JUNE 30, 1975 (Including Emeritus and Honorary) Abell, Martin T. DHEW-NIOSH 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, OH 45202 ' Abersold,John N.,Ph.D. 701 Turney Dr. El Paso, TX 79902 Abrams, Arthur J. The A.J.Abrams Co. P.O.Box 571 Westport,CT 06880 203-226-3010 `Ackerman, Harry H. 109 Fairmont Dr. Bel Air, MD 21014 Adam, John A. British Steel Corp. Special Steels Div. Swinden Labs. Moorgate, Rotherham, England Adame, Jack L. Univ. of Calif. Riverside, CA 92502 Adams, Harold V. 62 Bentwood Rd. W.Hartford, CT 06107 (Hartford Ins. Group) Adkins, Charles E. 9824 Pembroke Ln. Leawood, KS 66206 (U.S. Dept, of Labor-OSUA) Adley, Frank E. Eagle Bay British Columbia, Canada Adrian, Horace F. Texas State Dept, of Health 1100 W. 49th St. Austin, TX 78756 `Emeritus Member Honorary Member Adrounie, V. Harry Reeds Rd. Downingtown RD 2,PA 19335 (Chester Cty. Hlth Dept.) Aheara, William C. Industrial Comnn. of Ariz. P.O.Box 19070 Phoenix, AZ 85005 602-271-5795 Ah1mark, Axel Hygieniska Institutionen Umea Universitet S-901 87 Umea, Sweden Ajemian, Robert S. Grt Lakes Steel Co. Div. Natl. Steel Ecorse, Detroit, MI 48229 313-843-7270 Albesa-Vilalta, Antonio 340 Borrell Barcelona 15, Spain (Instituto Territorial Hlgiene y Seguridad) Alexander, Rex 4 Sherwood Dr. Nashua, NH 03060 (Commercial Union 617-725-6355 Ins. Co.) Allan, Ralph E. 5081 Apple Tree Irvine, CA 92664 (Univ. of CA-Irvine) Allen, Richard I. 238 Delaware St. Westfield, NJ 07090 (Exxon Corp.) Allison, W.W. Gilbert Assoc`s., Inc. Utilities Div. P.O.Box 1498 Reading, PA 19603 MT-PWHD-004344 Alpaugh, Edwin L. Intematl. Harvester Co. 401 N. Michigan Ave. Chicago, IL 60611 Altshuler, Bernard, Ph.D. NYU Medical Ctr. 550 First Ave. New York, NY 10016 212-679-3200 Anderson, Charlie J. USDOL, OSHA Columbia Area Office 1710 Gervais St., Rm 205 Columbia, SC 29201 Anderson, Darrell E. Minnesota Dept, of Hlth 717 Delaware St., SE Minneapolis, MN 55440 Alvarez, Horacio A. Pan American Hlth Org. Casilla Postal 4337 Lima 100, Peru Anderson, David M., Ph.D. Bethlehem Steel Corp. Bethlehem, PA 18016 215-694-6932 Amaro, U1piano Bloque 49-2, Calls No. 23 Urbanizacio Santa Bose Anderson, Donald E. 1952 Luther PI. Richland, WA 99352 Bayamon, PR 00619 (Dept, of Labor) (Hanford Env.Hlth.Foundatn) Anderson, John E. Amdur, Marvin L., M.D. 3M Co. Buffalo Ind. Med. Ctr. 755 Tonawanda St. Buffalo, NY 14207 3M Ctr. St. Paul, MN 55101 612-733-8494 716-875-1514 Amdur, Mary O., Ph.D. Harvard Schl of Pub. Hlth 665 Huntington Ave. Boston, MA 02115 Anderson, Kim E. Dept, of Labor - OSHA 1806 Michael Dr. Little Rock, AR 72204 Anania, Thomas L. NIOSH Rm. 514, P.0. Bldg. 5th and Walnut Sts. Cincinnati, OH 45202 Anderson, K. Wesley 6408 Wentworth Ave.,S Richfield, MN 55423 (St.Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co.) 612-869-5932 513-684-2737 Anderson, Paul B. 1907 Norcrest i Andersen, Bernhardt V. 606 Jefferson Richland, WA 99352 Boise, ID 83705 (Aerojet Nuclear Co.) (G.E. Co.) i Andersen, George H. Hunter Ln. Somers, NY 10589 (Marsh l McLennan) Anderson, Ralph G. Env. Hlth. Sciences Hanford Env. Hlth. Found. 805 Goethals Richland, WA 99352 509-942-7037 Anderson, Aage B. Rte. IX, Box 361A Wenatchee, WA 98801 (WA State Dept, of Labor & Inds.) Andresen, William V. American Cyanamid CO. Berdan Ave. Wayne, NJ 07470 201-831-1234 36 Angell, Otis H. Ball Bros. Res. Corp. P.O.Box 1062 Boulder, CO 80301 Arnold, George R., D.Sc. 1306 St. Louis St. Edwardsville, IL 62025 (Southern IL Univ.) Angelos, Frank J. 1825 Carmel Blvd. Zion, IL 60099 (Johns-Manville Prod. 312-872-8247 Corp.) Arnold, Gerald A. Martin Marietta Alum.Sales, Inc. Milan Army Ammunitn Plant Milan, TN 38358 Annis, Jason C. Kansas State Univ. Dept. Mechanical Eng. Manhattan, KS 66502 Arp, Earl W. Jr. 44C Davie Circle Chapel Hill, NC 27514 (Univ. of N.Carolina) Aonzo, Enrico, M.D. Esso Standard Italians Rome-EUR, Italy Apol, Arvin G. 15033 N.E. 13th Bellevue, WA 98004 (NIOSH) Aponte, Maria Del Rosario 113 St. BU-2 Valle Arriba Hts. Carolina, PR (Dept, of Labor) Applebaum, Jerry J. Mtn. Bell Co. 930 15th St. Denver, CO 80202 303-624-4601 Applegate, Charles H. G.E. Co. Box 11508 St. Petersburg, FL 33733 Applegate, Willson C. United Air Lines San Francisco Intematl Airport San Fran, CA 94128 Archer, Robert J. 3763 Oakbrook Ct. Pleasanton, CA 94666 (Kaiser Alum. 6 Chem.) Archer, Victor E., M.D. 4370 Spruce Circle Salt Lake City, UT 84117 (USPHS) Ashe, Harry B. RFD #3 Barre, VT 05641 (Vermont State Dept, of Hlth) 802-433-6665 Ashley, Roy D. 5908 Wolverton Ln. Clinton, MD 20735 (Env. Pro. Agency) 202-245-3034 Astill, Bernard D., Ph.D. Eastman Kodak Co. 1669 Lake Ave. Rochester, NY 14650 Asuaje. Fernando, Ph.D. Central Univ. Faculty of Pharm.,Tox.Lab. Caracas, 104, Venezuela Atwood, David P. Shell Oil Co. P.O.Box 2463 Houston, TX 77000 713-220-3852 Aucoin, Theodore A., Jr. Kaiser Alum & Chem Corp. P.O.Box 1600 Chalmette, LA 70043 Ausbie, Attway E., Ph.D. Western Elec. Co. 7725 W. Reno Oklahoma City, OK 73125 Averill, Edward R. Mobil Oil Corp. 150 E. 42nd St. Hew York, NY 10017 212-863-4242,Ext.2843 Ayer, Howard E. Kettering Lab. Univ. of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH 45267 Ayoub, Mohamad N., Ph.D. Dept, of I.E. Texas Tech Univ. Lubbock, TX 79409 Babick, Robert M., M.D. Caterpillar Tractor CO. Joliet, IL 60434 Bachman, James M. Atlantic Richfield Co. 515 S. Flower St., AP-4B06 Los Angeles, CA 90071 213-486-1607 Backes, James M. Chen. Eng. SErvice, Inc. P.O.Box 1325 Mobile, AL 36601 Baetjer, Anna M.,Sc.D. Johns Hopkins Schl of Hyg. t Public Hlth. 615 N. Wolfe St. Baltinore, MD 21205 301-955-3046 Baier, Edward J. NIOSH 5600 Fishers Ln. Rockville, MD 20852 301-443-1530 Baietti, Albert L. ICN Life Sciences Radiological Control Office 2727 Campus Dr. Irvine, CA 92664 Baker, Joseph B. 17 Sherwood Ave. Madison, NJ 07940 (Continental Ins. Co.) Baker, Richard C. Brighton Cove Paducah, KY 42001 (Union Carbide Nuclear) Bales, Ronald E. 9722 Fernwood Rd. Bethesda, MD 20034 (US Public Hlth Service) *Baliff, Jack 2155-34th St. long Island City, NY 11106 Ballou, E. Vernon 3500 Granada Ave. #449 Santa Clara, CA 95051 (San Jose State Univ.) 408-277-2369 Balzer, J. LeRoy,Ph.D. Director, Env. Quality Con. Utah Internatl. Inc. 550 Calif. St. San Francisco, CA 94104 Bank, Walter 6561 Benton Circle Arvada, 00 80003 (US Bureau of Mines) Banks, O'Neil M., Ph.D. 143 Moore Rd. Sudbury, MA 01776 617-443-3284 Banner, Edwin C., Ill PSC Box 1297 Brooks AFB,TX 78235 (USAF) 536-3831 Barbe, Lewis C. Risk Treatmt Serv. Co., Inc. 3200 Wilshire Blvd. S.Tower Suite 1208 Los Angeles, CA 90010 Barber, Donald E., Ph.D. Univ. of Minnesota 1112 Mayo Hospital Minneapolis, MN 55455 "Emeritus s, Honorary Member 38 Barboo, S.H.CDR,MSC,USN Dispensary Norfolk Naval Shipyard Portsmouth, VA 23709 Bare, Ben S. Union Carbide Corp. P. 0. Box 8361, Bldg. 770 S.Charleston, WV 25303 304-747-4042 Baretta, Edward D. Corp. Medical Affairs S.C.Johnson & Son, Inc. Racine, WI 53403 (Marquette Univ. Schl of Medicine) Barg, Don C. N L Industries 238 N. 2200 West Salt Lake City, UT 84116 Barghini, Robert J., Sr. 3M Co., 3M Ctr. (230-B) St. Paul, MN 55101 612-733-0358 Barnard, George R. Rt. 4, Box 306 Concord, NC 28025 (Kemper Ins.) 704-786-6874 Barnes, Edgar C. 124 Maple Ave. Pittsburgh, PA 15218 Barnes, Edward S., Capt. 3737 Patuxent Manor Rd. Davidsonville, MD 21035 (U.S. Air Force) 301-981-2559 Barnes, John R., Ph.D. E.I. du Pont de Nemours Co Haskell Lab. Newark, DE 19711 Barnhart, William L., Jr. 415 Nelson St. Merritt Is., FL 32952 (Bendix Corp.) 305-783-5610 Barrett, Charles D. Western Electric Co. 3300 Old Lexington Rd. Winston-Salem, NC 27107 Barrett, Harry G. IBM Corp. Dept. 413 Monterey and Cattle Rds. San Jose, CA 95114 Barrett, James C. Michigan Dept, of Hlth. 3500 N. Logan Lansing, MI 48914 Tel. 517-373-1410 Bartlett, Jay P., M.D. 2901 Vallejo San Francisco, CA 94134 Barton, Jack A. Gallatin, M0 64640 Baskin, William K. P.O.Box 3314 Balboa, Canal Zone (Canal Zone Govt.) Batchelor, Bruce B. 3042 N. Palm Dr. Slidell, LA 70458 (U.S. Dept, of Labor) Baumann, Willard H. U.S. steel Corp. 600 Grant St., Room 2519 Pittsburgh, PA 15230 Bavley, Harold Mass. Dept. Labor Ind. 39 Boylston St. Boston, MA 02116 Bayer, Major John E. 10829 Charles Dr. Fairfax, VA 22030 (USAF) Beaman, Reuben J., Jr. 3045 Coral Pk. Dr. Cincinnati, Ohio 45211 (Consultant) Beard, Rodney R., M.D. Stanford Medical Center Stanford, CA 94107 Beatty, Major David C. 131 Thorne11 San Antonio, TX 78235 (USAF) 39 Q'--i O CO Q Cl) IT, Beck, Rainer, Ph.D. Union Oil Co. of CA P.O. Box 7600 Los Angeles, CA 90051 213-486-6828 Becker, Henry F. Alexander 6 Alexander, 2 N. Riverside Plaza Chicago, IL 60606 Inc. Becker, Leon R. Becton Dickinson Co. Rt. 17 E.Rutherford, NJ 07073 Beckett, William L. Warner-Lambert Co. 201 Tabor Rd. Morris Plains, NJ 07950 201-540-3723 Beebe, Edward R. Champion Intematl. Knightsbridge Dr. Hamilton, OH 45020 513-868-4119 Beebe, Maurice R. 138 Mohawk Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15228 (Westinghse Astronuc. Lab) Beegan, James A. 3912 Beech Ave. Baltimore,MD 21211 (MD State Hlth. Dept.) Belcher, Albert L. N L Industries, Inc. Ill Broadway New York, New York 10006 Belgea, Frank J. Pollution Curbs, Inc. 502 N. Prior Ave. St. Paul, MN 55104 612-647-0151 Beliczky, Louis S. United Rubber, Cork, Lin oleum s Plastic Workers of America 87 S. High St. Akron, Ohio 44308 216-376-6181 Beliles, Robert P., Ph.D. Stanford Res. Inst. 1611 N. Kent St. Arlington, VA 22209 Belk, Harold D., M.D. 651 Lichfield Rd. Winston-Salem, NC 27104 (Western Elec. Co.) Bell, Zeb G., Jr., Sc.D. PPG Industries 1 Gateway Ctr. Pittsburgh, PA 15222 412-434-2585 Benashski, Robert C. Travelers Ins. Co. One Tower Square Hartford, CT 06115 Benjamin, Charles T. Rohn 6 Haas Co. Independence Mall W. Philadelphia, PA 19105 Benoit, Merrill P., M.D. Sunrise Ln. Sturbridge, MA 01556 Benson, Arthur L. 98 Peter Bulkeley Rd. Concord, MA 01742 (Arthur D. Little, Inc.) 617-864-5770, Ext. 2385 Benton, Ronald E. 1304 Huntland Rd. Richmond, VA 23225 (Reynolds Metals Co.) Beres, Joseph J. 490 Linden Ave. Rahway, NJ 0706S (American Can Co.) 201-686-4500 Berg, Byron A. Allis-Chalmers Corp. P.O. Box 512 Milwaukee, WI 53201 414-475-3394 Berger, David L. 2104 Haver Brook Dr. Fallston, MD 21047 Berghout, C. Fred 2937 Iroquois Dr. Provo, UT 84601 Bergholdt, Charles P. Occup. Hlth Officer (DD) NASA-Johnson Space Ctr. Houston, TX 77058 Bibeau, Armand A., Ph.D. 141 N. Gate Rd. Manchester, Nil 03104 (GTE Sylvania) Berke, Harry L., Ph.D. Wayne state Univ. 540 E. Canfield Detroit, MI 48201 Bickford, Ward W. John Deere Wtrloo Trctr. Wks Box 270 Waterloo, IA 50704 Bernal, Jorge R. Apartado Aereo 10796 Bogota, Columbia Tserv. Co-op, Interim de Salud Publics) Berry, Clyde M., Ph.D. Inst, of Agric. Med. Univ. of Iowa-Oakdale Campus Oakdale, IA 52319 319-353-4872 Bersebach, Gordon L. 6773 Wanamaker Dr. Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 (Western Electric) 614-868-3005 Eertinuson, Janet R. Oil Chem. 6 Atomic Workers International Union P.O. Box 2812 Denver CO 80201 Bicknell, Ralph J. 2207 W. 79th Terrace Prairie Village, KS 66208 (NIOSH) Bien, Ching-Tsen 1428 Knights Bridge Turn Croften, MD 21113 Billings, Charles E., Ph.D. Env. Eng. Sciences 740 Boyleston St. Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 Birch, Shelton R. USAF Env. Health Lab. Kelly AFB, TX 78241 512-925-6157 Birmingham, Donald J., M.D. Wayne State University 540 Canfield, E. Detroit, MI 48201 Bessmer, Daniel J. Rt. 4, Box 2519A Bremerton, WA 98310 (Retired) Biskup, Ronald K. Rt. 2, Box 296A Bel Air, MD 21014 (U.S. Army Edgewood Arsenal) Bevis, Darell A. Reynolds Elec. & Eng. CO. P.O. Box 14400 Las Vegas, NV 89114 Bithel, Leonard Ontario Ministry of Health 15 Overlea Blvd. Toronto, Ontario, M4H 1A9 Beyer, Emil C., M.D. Lands End Rd. Spooners Creek Morehead City, NC 28557 (Consultant) Bitter, William I. 1468 Wendy Way San Jose, CA 95125 (IBM Res. Lab.) 408-266-1638 Biancardi, Michael F. Employers Ins. of Wausau 2000 Westwood Dr. Bianconi, William O. 7760 Bluebird Dr. Jenison, MI 49428 (MI Dept, of Health) Bittner, George P. Inland Steel Co. 3210 Watling St. E. Chicago, IN 46312 Blachman, Marvin W. I 2517 E. 65th St. F: Brooklyn, NY 11234 (American Ins. Assoc.) g; MT-PWHD-004347 Black, Robert B. 1935 S.W.Martha St. Portland, OR 97201 (Oregon Hlth. Dept.) Blejer, H.P., M.D..D.I.H. DFSCI, NIOSH US Post Office Bldg.,Rm523 Cincinnati, OH 45202 Blacker, Jerome H. Block, Duane L., M.D. SCM Corp. Ford Motor Oo. 299 Park Ave. The American Rd. New York, NY 10017 Dearborn, MI 48121 212-752-2700 Blocker, Hyman Blackman, Alfred C. 5330 B Bahia Blanca NIOSH Laguna Hills, CA 92653 5600 Fishers Ln. Rockville, HD 20852 Blok, Aart C., M.D. Shell Intematl. Res. Blair, Austin W., Jr. Maatschappij, N.V. 2900 Alki Ave., SU Carel van Bylandtlaan 30 Seattle, HA 98116 The Hague, The Netherlands (NIOSH) "Bloomfield, J.J. Blair, Derek Oficina Sanitaria Panam. Shell Res. Ltd. Casill 4337 Tunstall Lab. Lima, Peru Broad Oak Rd. Sitting Bourne, Kent, Blum, Dwain E., Ph.D. ll1I England 11 Senior Berkeley, CA 94708 Blake, Charles L. (Univ. of Calif.) Helena Chem. Co. Suite 2900 Clark Tower Boback, Michael H. 5100 Poplar Ave. Natl. Lead Oo. of Ohio Memphis, TN 38137 P.O.Box 39158 I Cincinnati, OH 45239 i I Blanck, Marilyn D. 2312 Ohio Ave., #144 Bobkoskie, Russell L. Cincinnati, OH 45219 Bethlehem Steel Oorp. (Procter fi Gamble CO.) 119 Halnut St. Locust St. Bldg, Rm 89 Blaney, Lamson Johnstown, PA 15907 Box 154 Mansfield Ctr., CT 06250 Bocim, Harren T. IBM Corp. Blankenhom, John M. Box 1900 NIOSH, Div. of Training Boulder, CO 80302 Rm. 9503 Fed. Office Bldg. 550 Main St. Bodden, Keith A. Cincinnati, OH 45202 Westinghse R D Ctr. 401-3X9 Blazques Martinez, Manual Cor. Ind. Hygiene Lab. Av. Madrid, 5-8 Beulah Rd. San Sebastian, Spain Pittsburgh, PA 15235 (Assoc, para la Preven. de Accidentes) Boehm, Arthur J. 455105 (Tel.#) 421 Gooseberry Rd. H. Springfield, MA 01089 Bleier, Richard I. (Hamilton-Standard) American Mutual Ins. Alliance 203-623-1621,Ext.2727 20 N. Hacker Dr. Chicago, IL 60606 42 Boettcher, Paul C. Pacific Gas & Elec. Co. Rm. 821 245 Market St. San Francisco, CA 94105 Boettner, Edward A. 3225 Farmbrook Ct. Anna Arbor, MI 48104 (Univ. of Michigan) Boggs, John M. Goodyear T & R Co. Topeka Plant P.O.Box 1069 Topeka, KS 66601 Boggs, Richard F., Ph.D. NIOSH 5600 Fishers Ln. Rockville, MD 20852 Bohl, Carl D. 455 Hildwood Pkwy Ballwin, MO 63011 (Monsanto Oo.) Bohn, Victor O. 54 Thatcher St. Hyde Park, MA 02136 (Cosmercl Union Assurance Co's.) Bohne, F. Karl 570 W. 204th St. New York, NY 10034 (NY State Dept, of Labor) Bokowski, Dale L. 265 H. Midway Blvd. Broomfield, 00 80020 (Dow Chem. Co. Bolduc, Jacques 710 Ave. de Nogent Charlesbourg, Quebec, Canada (Serv. for the Prot. of the Env.) Bolton, Newell E. Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. Union Carbide Oorp. Oak Ridge, TN 37830 615-483-8611,Ext. 1634 Bolton, Paul R. 4516 Lilliput Ave. Las Vegas, NV 89102 (Reynolds Elect. 6 Eng.) Bond, Marcus B., M.D. Amer. Tel. 6 Tel. Oo. 195 Broadway New York, NY 10007 Bonney, Thomas B. Alum Co. of America 1501 Alcoa Bldg. Pittsburgh, PA 15219 412-553-2231 Bonvallet, George L. 2721 Femcliff Royal Oak, MI 48073 (Army Tank Automotive Ctr) Boone, Charles H. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 1808 H. End Ave. Nashville, TN 37203 Boone, Francis H. Allied-General Nuclear Serv. P.O. Box 847 Barnwell, SC 29812 Booth, Karroll S. Mobay Chem. Co. Penn-Lincoln Pkwy H. Pittsburgh, PA 15205 412-923-2700,Ext. 374 , Borawski, Edward T. Naval Dispensary Naval Ordnance Stn. Indian Hd., MD 20640 Borcherding, Charles H., NIOSH, PHS, DHEW 300 S. Hacker Dr. Chicago, IL 60606 Borkowski, Thomas V. 314 Avedon Ct. JOppa Towne, MD 21085 (USAEHA) Bossard, Floyd C. 2901 Edwards Butte, MT 59701 Boston, Major Lester E., 1384 Palos Verdes Dr. San Mateo, CA 94403 (US Army) 43 346 MT-PWHD-004348 Hotsford, James H. 3456 Altonah Rd. Bethlehem, FA 18017 215-694-0939 (Consultant) Bradley, William R. 87 Homestead Rd. Tenafly, NJ 07670 201-567-7929 (Consultant) Boucher, Bernard D. 1102 De Montigny, Sillery Quebec, Canada Bourdages, M. Raoul 8500 De Marseille Charlesbourg, Quebec 7, P.Q. GIG 356, Canada Bourland, Philip E.M., M.D. New York State Dept, of Hlth. Two World Trade Ctr. New York, NY 10047 Bovee, Harley H., Ph.D. FDA,CA 400 5600 Fishers Ln. Rockville, MD 20852 301-443-4200 Brasch, Jerome K. 1423 Stagecoach Dr. Richardson, TX 75080 (US Env. Prot. Agency) Braun, Edwin F. 1968 Beaufait Ave. Grosse Pte.Woods, MI 48236 (US Army) Braverman, M.M. 6612 Selfridge St. Forest Hills, L.I..NY 11375 (Dept, of Air Pollutn Con.) Breen, Leonard J. 3450 Conrad Ave. SAn Diego, CA 92117 (Genl Dynamics Oo.) Bowers, Rolland G. 29168 E. River Rd. Perryburg, OH 43551 (Retired) Boyle, John p. 748 Loganwood Ave. Richardson, TX 75080 (US Dept, of Labor) Boylen, George W., Jr. 2 Ledgewood Rd. Wilmington, MA 01887 617-864-6900,Ext. 2596 (M.I.T.) Bozich, Thomas A. 493 Catlin Rd. Richmond Hts., OH 44143 (Case Western Reserve U) Bradigan, Terrance A., Jr. Chessie System Two N. Charles St. Baltimore, MD 21201 Bradley, John E. 4600 Wingview In. Kettering, OH 45429 (Monsanto Res. Gorp.) Brendlinger, Robert L. 8541 Holmes Kansas City, M0 64131 (Bendix Corp.) 816-363-S311 Brennan, Ray A. Colorado Dept, of Pub. 4210 E. 11th Ave. Denver, CO 80220 Hlth. Breslin, Alfred J. US Atomic Energy Comm. 376 Hudson St. New York, NY 10014 212-620-3653 Breslin, John A. US Bureau of Mines 4800 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Brewer, Lial W. 6905 Las Vegas, N.E. Albuquerque, NM 87110 (Sandia Corp.) Breysse, Peter A. 5538-34th St., NE Seattle, WA 98105 (Univ. of Washington) 44 # Bridge, Dennis P. Standard Oil Co. Mail Code 3830 200 E. Randolph Dr. Chicago, IL 60601 Brief, Richard S. Esso Res. & Eng. Co. P.O.Box 45 Linden, NJ 07036 201-474-2511 Brinkerhoff, Gail M. Apt. 312 3100 S. Manchester St. Falls Church, VA 22044 (OSHA) 202-961-2726 Broaddus, Samuel T. S.D.Warren Co. Div. of Scott Paper Co. Westbrook, ME 04092 Brodt, Dale H. Rm. B-252 Martin Tower Bethlehem Steel Corp. Bethlehen, PA 18016 215-694-7518 Broussard, Dalton J. 408 RiVermont Dr. Sheffield, AL 35660 (Tenn. Valley Auth.) Brower, John F. Standard Oil Oo.(Ind.) 200 E. Randolph Dr. Chicago, IL 60601 312-856-5794 Brown, A. Robert Hewlett-Packard Santa Rosa Div. 3273 Airway Dr. Santa Rosa, CA 95401 `Brown, Carlton E., Sc.D. 629 Biggs Ave. Frederick, MD 21701 Brown, Cols M. US Dept, of Labor 1375 Peachtree St., NE Suite 587 Atlanta, GA 30309 Brown, Eugene G. Union Carbide Corp. 270 Park Ave. New York, NY 10017 Brown, Harold V. 6008 Chariton Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90056 (Univ. of Calif.) Brown, John R., Ph.D. Schl of Hygiene Univ. of Toronto 150 College St. Toronto, Ontario, Canada Brown, Norman R. 332 Main St. Brockway, PA 15824 (Brockway Glass Co., Inc.) Brown, Robert D. 8219 Lettie St. Houston, TX 77034 (Kelsey-Seybold Clinic) Brown, Robert M. Natl. SanitationFound. P.O.Box 1468 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Brown, William J. Jr. Human Resources, Medical Phillips Petroleum Co. Bartlesville, OK 74004 Browning, David R. Bendix Env. Div. 1400 Taylor Ave. Baltimore, MD 21204 Brubaker, Robert E Olin Corp. 275 Winchester Ave New Haven CT 06511 M.D. Brunier, Robert 3M Europe S.A. < 53/54, Ave. dee Ajfts Brussels 1040, Belgium Brunotte, Herman 81 Welwyn Circle Kenmore, NY 14223 (USDOL, OSHA) 716-834-7287 Vlis *- 45 347 ooo CO cn p'-i i Bryan, Fred A., M.D. Burgess, Dale E. Butler, George J. Canpbell, Raymond 0. 644 Chautauqua Mich. Dept, ot Pub. Hlth. U.S. Public Hlth Serv. Hughes Aircraft Co. Pacific Palisades, CA 90272 230 Oollingswood Ave. P.O.Box 8137 Env. Hlth. & Safety Suite 250 Salt Lake City, UT 84108 P.O.Box 90515 Bldg. 100/MS Bryant, John M. Ann Arbor, Ml 48103 C616 NIOSH Byers, Dohrman II. Los Angeles, CA 90009 1014 Broadway Burgess, William A. Schl of Pub. Hlth. Cincinnati, OH 45202 Harvard Schl of Pub. Hlth. Univ. of Michigan Canada, Loren B. 665 Huntington Ave. Anna Arbor, MI 48104 ' US Dept, of Labor Bryson, Andrew L. Boston, MA 02115 313-764-2594 2720 Riverside Dr. 2107 Vinewood Ln. Macon, GA 31204 Pueblo, CO 81005 Burnett, Major Ronald D. Bynum, James R. 912-746-5143 (Pueblo Anqy Dejx>t) HQ, USAF/SGPA 21 Deerhill Ln. 6B-238 James ForestralBldg. Cincinnati, OH 45218 Caplan, Know1ton J. Bub, Bobert A. Washington, DC 20314 (Navy Ind. Env. Hlth. Ctr.) Indus. Hlth. Eng. Assoc. Hine Safety Appli. Go. 7340 Washington Ave., S. Evans City, PA 16033 Burnett, Thomas J. Byrd, Roland E. Hopkins, MN 55343 412-538-3510 Union Carbide Hue. Co. 4120 Trieste PI. 612-941-8410 Oak Ridge Natl. Labs. Jacksonville, FL 32210 Buchan, Roy McKinney D.P.H. P.O.Box X Caplan, Paul E. 304 Flicker Dr. Oak Ridge, TN 37830 Byrne, James F. NIOSH Ft. Collins, 00 80521 Shell Oil Co. ' P.O. Bldg-Rm. 506 (Colo. State Univ.) Burnett, William D. P.O.Box 2463 Cincinnati, OH 45202 8221 Pickard Ct., NE Houston, TX 77001 513-684-2141 Buchwald, H., Ph.D. Albuquerque, NM 87110 Alberta Env. (Sandia Oorp.) Caesar, George E., Jr. Caporossi, Joseph C. 10040 - 104 St. 10232 Confederate Ln. 35 Medford PI. Edmonton, Alberta, Burroughs, G.E. Fairfax, VA 22030 Wayne, NJ 07470 T5J 026, Canada 715 Julia Ann St. #31 (American Cynamid Co.) Cincinnati, OH 45220 Calandra, Joseph C., M.D. Buck, Albert P. Indus. Bio-Test Labs., Inc. Cares, Janet W. 13220 112th St. Burson, James L. 1810 Frontage Rd. 18 Singletary Ln. Largo, FL 33540 2731 Cedarbrook Dr. Northbrook, IL 60062 Sudbury, MA 01776 (G.E.Co.) Marietta, Georgia 30060 312-272-3030 (Harvard Schl of Pub. Hlth.) 404-521-3400,Ext. 3104 (Bus.) Buoolo, Giovanni, Ph.D. (Lockheed-Ga. Co.) `Calhoun, J.A.,M.D. Carey, Leo Coulter Diagnostics, Inc. Box A 301 W. Main St. 740 H. 83rd St. Burtan, Rupert C., M.D. Swarthmore, PA 19081 Girardville, PA 17935 Hialeah, FL 33014 2356 W. Davies Ave. (US Dept, of Labor, OSHA) Littleton, CO 80120 Callison, H. Grady, Jr. Budlovsky, Joseph G., M.D. (Tabershaw Cooper Assoc., Inc) 710 Vintage Ln. Carlitz, Irwin H. 5 Dufresne Ct., Apt. 502 Columbia, SC 29210 6529 N. 13th St. Don Mills, Ontario Burtis, Evelyn G. M3C 1B7 Canada Exxon Corp. i (Ministry of Hlth.) P.O.Box 45 Linden, NJ 07036 Bulba, Eli 201-474-2505 383 Eliot St. Newton Upper Falls, MA 02164 Burton, David J. D.B.Assoc's., Inc. (SC Brd of Hlth.) Calvert, Seymour, Ph.D. President, APT, Inc. 4901 Morena Blvd., Suite 402 San Diego, CA 92117 Campbell, Charles L., Ph.D. Philadelphia, PA 19126 (Self-employed) Carlson, Gary P., Ph.D. Schl of Phar. & Phar. Sci. Purdue Univ. W. Lafayette, IN 47907 Bumsted, Howard E. Env. Hlth. Lab.,MS 93 US Steel Applied Res. Lab. 1864 S.State 1270 Salt Lake City, UT 84115 801-262-6589 3017-38th St. Des Moines, IA 50310 (State Dept, of Env. Quality) Carlson, Gordon H. Fisher Body Div. G.M. Corp. Monroeville, PA 15146 P.O.Box 760 Burg, William R., Ph.D. Dept, of Env. Hlth. Univ. of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH 45219 Busey, William M. Experimtal Path. Labs., P.O.Box 474 Herndon, VA 22070 Inc. Campbell, Evan E. Los Alamos Scientific Lob. P.O.Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87545 505-667-5231 Elyria, OH 44035 <:e46 *> 47 MT-PWHD-004349 I Carlson, Paul Castrop, Vincent J. Chen, Ching Kuang Christensen, William D. 534 N. State St. 7716 W. Morrow Circle Mayberry Apt. #206 20 Center St. Ann Arbor, MI 48104 Dearborn, MI 48126 Mayberry Ave. Pearl River, NY 10965 (Geo, O. Clayton Assoc.) 313-582-5500 Mt. Airy, NC 27030 (Retired) (Coimnercl. Fabricate Christofano, Emil E. Carpenter, Charles P., Fh.O. Mach. Co., Inc.) Hercules, Inc. Mellon Inst. Cesta, Ramon P. 919-786-8374 (Bus.) 910 Market St. 4400 5th Ave. 709 S. Highland Dr. Wilmington, DE 19899 Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Hollywood Hills, FL 33021 Cheney, Thomas M. 302-575-7055 412-327-1020 (Eastern Air Lines) PSC Box 2603 APO San Francisco, CA 96264 Christoffer, Willard C. Carpenter, George 0. Chaffin, Don B. (USAF) The Continental Ins. Co. 2104 Hudson Ave. The Univ. of Mich. 360 W. Jackson Richland, HA 99352 2260 G.G.Brown Lab. Cheng, Robert Ta-Chun,Sc.D. Chicago, IL 60606 (Westinghse-Hanford Co.) Ann Arbor, MI 48105 General Atomic Co. 509-942-3132 P.O.Box 81608 Christy, H.R. Chakraborty, Manindra K.,D.Phll. San Diego, CA 92138 1421 N. Audubon Rd. 3 Carroll, Clinton C. Central Mining Res. Stn. Indianapolis, IN 46219 Union Oil Co. of Calif. Barwa Rd. Chew, F.Freeland, Jr. (Western Elec. Co.) P.O.Box 237 Dhanbad, Bihar, India Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. Nederland, TX 77627 71 Frankland Rd. Chrostek, Walter J. Chamberlin, Richard I. Hopkinton, MA 01748 5820 Erdrick St. Carson, Stephen, Ph.D. 133 Ctr. St., RFD No. 1 Philadelphia, PA 19135 Biometric Testing Hanover, MA 02339 Chirico, Frank N. (NIOSH) 661 Palisade Ave. (M.I.T.) Certified Indus. Prods., Inc. P.O.Box 1388 P.O.Box 158 Chung, Kyou Chall, M.D. Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632 Chang, Hsing-Chi Gold Hill, NC 28071 Dept, of Prev. Medicine Env. Serv. Dept. Schl of Medicine Carter, Major Donald I. Bechtel Corp. Chmara, Peter Chung Ang Univ. 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P.O.Box 1087R **Cholak, Jacob 5th Walnut Morristown, NJ 07960 Kettering Lab. Ciuchta, Henry P. Cincinnati, OH 45202 Univ. of Cincinnati Gillette Med. Eval. Labs. Cheever, Charles Cincinnati, OH 45219 1413 Research Blvd. Castle, Galen E. Argonne Natl. Lab. 513-872-5733 Rockville,'MD 20850 Rt. 2, Box 280 Bldg. 19 Ashland, KY 41101 9700 S. Cass Ave. Christensen, Denny R. Civic, Terence M. (Annoo Steel Corp.) Argonne, IL 604 39 7069 S. Webster 7070 Forward Ave. Apt.306 606-928-5484 Castro, Fernando J. 312-739-7111 ,Ext. 3395 . Littleton, CO 80123 i ii Christensen, H.E., D.Sc. Pittsburgh, PA 15217 (US Steel Corp.) 412-433-6796 356 Ing. Fernando Calder St. 6515 Callander Dr. San Juan, PR 00918 Bethesda, MD 20034 (Dept, of Labor) MT-PWHD-004350 48 49 UU08 0566 MT-PWHD-004351 it Civic, Thomas J. Bethlehem Steel Corp. Bethlehem, PA 18016 Clapp, Raymond F. 1402 Aah Meadow Houeton, TX 77090 (Gulf Oil Corp.) 713-226-1633 Clark, Thomas J. NCR Corporate Safety Bldg. 10 Dayton, OB 45479 Clarke, Charles C. The Bendix Corp. Instrumts Div. P.O.Box 831 Lewiaburg, HV 24901 304-647-4358 Cleaver, Robert E. P.O.Box 3759 Casper, WY 82601 (USAF) 912-926-2248 Cleveland, James E. Kerr-McGee Corp. P.O.Box 218 Grants, NM 87020 Cobos, Pedro D. Habitat 71, Casa 1 Plants 7, Piso 2 Autopista San Pablo Sevilla, 7, Spain Cochran, David J. Univ. of Nebraska W 190 Nebraska Hall Lincoln, NB 68508 Clarke, John H. 4253 S. River Rd. St. Clair, MI 48079 313-329-4808 (Retired) Cochran, Kenneth W., Ph.D. Schl of Pub. Hlth. Univ. of Mich. Ann Arbor, MI 48104 313-764-5469 Clary, John J., Ph.D. 1 DeHalt Rd. Newark, DE 19711 (E.I.duPont da Nemours A 00.) Cohen, Irving David, Ph.D. Env.-Sciences, Inc. 114 Cayuga Ave. Rockaway, NJ 07866 Clausen, Judith M., Ph.D. P.O.Box 203 Lexington, KY 02174 617-646-0220 (Consultant) Oohen, Jerry J. 735 Wimbledon Ln. Livermore, CA 94550 (Univ. of Calif. Lawrence Rad. Lab.) Clay, Maurice F. General Elec. Co. Appliance Pk, AP-3 170 Louisville, KY 40225 Oohen, Kenneth S. 11724 Shadow Valley Rd. El Cajon, CA 92022 (Micronomica Intamatl., Inc.) 502-452-4875,Ext. 4168 Clayton, Florence Geo. D. Clayton A Assoc's. P.O.Box 425 Fallbrook, CA 92028 Cohen, Norman, Ph.D. W. Lake Rd. Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 914-351-4368 (Bus.) (NYU) Clayton, George D. George D. Clayton A Assoc. P.O.Box 425 Fallbrook, CA 92028 Cole, Homer M. Reynolds Metals Co. P.O.Box 27003 Richmond, VA 23261 Cleary, William M. 3500 N. Logan Lansing, Ml 48914 (Mich. Dept, of Pub. 517-373-1410 Hlth.) Cole, Jerome F., Sc.D. Intematl. Lead Zinc Res. Organ, Inc. 292 Madison Ave., 19th Floor New York, NY 10017 50 Coleman, Richard D. N.P. Mettouie Co. 471 W. 6th South Salt Lake City, UT 84101 Comstock, Eric G., M.D. P.O.Box 2565 Houston, TX 77001 (Consultant) Coleman, W. Emile 7657 Ginnala Ct. Cincinnati, OH 45243 (US Pub. Hlth Serv.) Compton, William Caterpillar Tractor Co. 100 HE Adams St. Peoria, IL 61629 Coles, Gerald V. Coner, Lt. Col. Charles E. London Schl of Hyg. A General Delivery Tropical Med. Valley Forge, PA 18481 Kepper St. (Gower St.) (Retired) London WC1E 7HT, England Confer, Robert G. Collin, Marcel G. Exxon Corp. 5830 Mezzanine Way P.O.Box 45 Long Beach, CA 90801 Linden, NJ 07036 (Douglas Aircraft Co.) Conklin, David L. Collings, Gilbeart H., Jr., M.D.Aerojet Solid Prop. Co. NY Tel. Co. P.O.Box 13400 1095 Ave. of the Americas Sacramento, CA 95813 New York, NY 10036 916-355-4000 Collins, Eddie B. Rt. 3, Box 29H Mansfield, TX 76063 (LTV Aerospace Corp.) Conners, Edward W. Jr. General Elec. Co. Appliance Pk Bldg 53 Louisville, KY 40225 Collins, John T., Jr. US Nuclear Reg. Comm. 7920 Norfolk Ave. Bethesda, MD 20014 Conti, T.J. 6548 S. Clarkson Littleton, CO 80121 (Gates Rubber Co.) Collins, Major Raymond J. USAF Clinic Kelly Kelly AFB, TX 78241 Colman, Hugh C. 4802-N. 29th PI. Phoenix, AZ 85015 (USPIIS) 602-957-2343 Combi, John V. Houston Hlth. Dept. 1115 N. MacGregor, Rm. Houston, TX 77025 310 Comboy, Robert L. 914 E. Redhaven Dr. Sandy, UT 84070 (Kennecott Copper Corp.) Contproni, Elise M. 49 Gibson St. Dorchester, MA 02122 Conway, R. Earle 2614 Alhambra Way Pinole, CA 94564 (LFE Env. Anal. Lab.) Cook, Earl M., III P.O.Box 2192 Boise, ID 83701 (Argonne Nat. Lab., ID Div.) ;;. .:ji Cook, Fred Bituminous Casualty Corp. 320-18th St. Rock Island, IL 61201 309-786-5401 ' ': Me . ...... : . 1 X Cook, Warren A. 713 Emory Drive Chapel Hill, NC 27514 919-967-4175 (Retired) 350 i MT-PWHD-004352 Coombs, Richard J. The Procter Gamble Co. Ivorydale Tech. Ctr. Cincinnati, OH 45217 513-562-6834 Coon, Julius M., M.D. Jefferson Med. College 1025 Walnut St. Philadelphia, PA 19107 Coughlin, John J. Western Elec. Co. 555 Union Blvd. Allentown, PA 18103 Covert, Roy J. 114 Trail E. Hendersonville, TO 37075 (Loss Control, Inc.) 615-255-5755 Cooper, Gerald L. DeSoto Inc. 1700 S. Mt. Prospect Rd. Dee Plaines, IL 60018 Cooper, Jerry L. Env. Pxot. Specialists P.O.Box 845 Canton, GA 30114 Cooper, W.Clark, M.D. Tabershaw-Oooper Assoc., Inc. 2180 Milvia St. Beikely, CA 94704 Cope, Robert F., Jr. 11123 Major Oak Dr. Baton Rouge, DA 70815 (Ethyl Oorp.) Cope, Robert W. 129 Litton Hts. Scott Depot, WV 25560 (Union Carbide Corp.) Corn, Morton, Ph.D. Univ. Of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15213 412-683-1620, Ext. 2111 Coward, David D. Labor & Indus. Bldg. Salem, OR 97301 Cox, F. Morgan Harshaw Chem. Co. 6801 Cochran Rd. Solon, OH 44139 Crable, John V. 1146 Meriweather Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45208 (NIOSH) Craft, Bobby F., Ph.D. NIOSH 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, OH 45202 Craig, Douglas K., Ph.D. Bio. Dept. Bettelle-NW P.O.Box 999 Richland, WA 99352 Craig, James L. General Mills, Inc. 9200 Wayzata Blvd. Minneapolis, MN 55440 612-540-2244 (Bus.) Cornish, Herbert H., Ph.D. Schl of Pub. Ulth univ. of Mich. Ann Arbor, MI 48104 Cotabish, Harry N. Mine Safety Appli. Co. 201 N. Braddock Ave. Pittsburgh, PA 15208 Cothrin, Stanley G. 208 W. Bay Dr. Olympia, WA 98501 (Dept, of Labor 6 Ind.) 206-753-4473 Cralley, Lester V., Ph.D. 1453 Banyan Dr. Fallbrook, CA 92028 (Retired) 714-728-6679 Cralley, Lewis J., Ph.D. 2505 Wenatchee Ln. Cincinnati, OH 45230 513-684-2654 (Retired) Crawl, James R. Navy Ind. Env. Hlth. Ctr. 3333 Vine St.. Cincinnati, OH 45220 52 W Croley, James J., Jr. 903 Fairvrood Dr. N.Augusta, SC 29841 (E.I.duPont de Nemours 6 Co.) "Crossman, Germain 23 Estemay Ln. Pittsford, NV 14534 Crowder, William F. 49 Oakmont Dr. Marietta, GA 30060 (Lockheed J3A Co.) Csire, N. Charles Transamerica Ins. Group 70 W. Mich. Ave. Battle Creek, MI 49016 616-965-7311,Ext.550 Cuddeback, John E. Univ. of Cincinnati Dept, of Env. Hlth. Cincinnati, OH 45219 Cudworth, Allen L. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 71 Frankland Rd. Hopkinton, MA 01748 617-357-9500, Ext. 3320 Culp, Dale A. General Elec. Co. Bldg. 23-EE 1285 Boston Ave. Bridgeport, CT 06002 Dahle, Elkins W., Jr. Bur. of Ind. Byg. Baltimore City Hlth.Dept. Ill N. Calvert St. Baltimore, MD 21202 Daley, Capt. Peter S. 2501 A 25th Loop, SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87116 (USAF) Daley, Michael J. 2811 SW Archer Rd. Apt. G-53 Gainesville, FL 32608 Dailey, Dennis R. Utah State Div. of Hlth. 44 Medical Dr. Salt Lake City, UT 84113 Dallinger, John A. 176 Birehwood Cres. Regina, Saskatchewan S45 5N4 (Dept, of Labor) Dalton, W. Francis NYU, The Ctr. for Safety Washington Sq. New York, NY 10003 Danchi, George 113 Carol St. Chapel Hill, NC 27514 (Walter Reed Med. Ctr.) Culver, Benjamin D., M.D. 12093 Red Hill Ave. Santa Ana, CA 92705 Cumpston, Dr. A.G.,Med. 120 N. Rocks Rd. N.Rocks, New South Wales, Australia, 2151 Cure, John W., Ill Babcock & Wilcox Co. R 6 D Div. P.O.Box 1260 Lynchburg, VA 24505 "Cutter, Harold C. 24201 Yosemite Dr. Euclid, OH 44117 Cuykendall, Paul R. 525-B Nimitz Ave. China Lake, CA 93555 (US Naval Ordnance Test Stn.) Daniels, E.K. P.O.Box 431 Idyllwild, CA 92349 (Consultant) Darcy, Felix J. Dept, of Labor Indus. P.O.Box 207 308 E. 4th Ave. Olympia, WA 98504 Darmer, Kenneth I., Jr. Westwood Pharm., Inc. 468 Dewitt St. Buffalo, NY 14213 Dauch, Jack E. Occupational Hlth. 3708 Columbus Ave. Sandusky, OH 44870 53 351 `Davies, J.B. 114 Hibiscus Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15235 Davies, Morgan Harris 9 Bowers Hay Harpendon, Herts AL5 4EP England Davis, Capt. Douglas J. 3602 Michelle Dr. Torrance, CA 90503 (USAF) Davis, Doyle M. Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. P.O.Box X Oak Ridge, TN 37830 615-483-8611,Ext. 6947 Davis, Frank R., Jr. 12 S. Mtn. Ave. Montclair, NJ 07042 (Welsh Mfg. Co.) Davis, Irving H. Mich. Dept, of Hlth. 3500 N. Logan Lansing, MI 48914 Davis, Joseph R., M.D.,Ph.D. Loyola Ikiiv. Stritch Schl of Med. 2160 S. 1st Ave. Maywood, IL 60153 Davis, Joyce P. 790 Colonial Ave. Pelham Manor, NY 10803 (Bums t Rod, Inc.) Davis, Quentin J. Arabian Aster. Oil Co. P.O.Box 5242 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Davis, Richard B. Trans World Airlines, Inc. Administrative Ctr. Kansas City, MO 64153 Davis, Stephen C. 3922 Canon Ave., Apt. 6 Oakland, CA 94602 (State Cosp. Ins. Fund) Deaton, Hillman E. AMF Beaird, Inc. P.O.Box 1115 Shreveport, LA 71130 Deck, Edward N. General Elec. Co. 3135 Easton Turnpike Fairfield, CT 06431 Deeg, Frederick H. Amer. Mutual Ins. Alliance 20 N. Hacker Dr. Chicago, IL 60606 Deese, Donald E. Union Carbide Corp. P.O.Box 471 Texas City, TX 77590 713-945-7411 DeField, James D. Los Alamos Scientific Lab. P.O.Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87554 DeGesero, Roy A. European Env. Hlth. Dept. Dow Chem. G.m.b.h. Werk Stade 2161 Buetzfleth,Buetz. Sand West Germany DeGrafenread, James E. Gulf Oil Corp. P.O.Box 3240 Pittsburgh, PA 15230 Dehne, Edward J., M.D. 250 Tahoe Dr. Carson City, NV 89701 (State of Nevada) Delbert, Raymond H. US Steel Corp. 600 Grant St. Pittsburgh, PA 15230 Deichmann, William B., Ph.O. M.D.(hon.) Univ. of Miami P.O.Box 8216 Coral Gables, FL 33124 305-233-5511 Delles, Judith A. Western Elec. 2000 NE Expresswy Norcross, GA 30071 Dennerline, Richard L. 1000 White Deer Dr. La Canada, CA 91011 (L.A. Cty Hlth. Ept.) 54 Dennis, Richard 19 Park Avenue Wakefield, MA 01880 (Geophy, Corp. of Amer.) Dentler, William L. Mecklenburg Cty, Hlth. 1200 Blythe Blvd. Charlotte, NC 28203 Dept. Devlin, Thomas K. 732 Katrina Livermore, CA 94550 (Sandia Labs.) 415-455-2384 Devorris, Joseph J. 7421 Ruskin Road Philadelphia, PA 19151 Derenuik, Stevan N. 709 Yale Avenue Terrace Pk., Ohio 45174 (NIOSH) Demit, John N. Union Carbide Corp. P. O. Box 8361 S. Charleston, WV 25303 Dernehl, Carl U..M.D. Union Carbide Corp. 270 Park Avenue New York, NY 10017 212-551-4785 DeWitt, Bernard J.,D.Sc PPG Industries P.O. Box 31 Barberton, Ohio 44203 216-753-4561, Ext. 309 Diakun, Robert Exxon Co., USA P. O. Box 222 Linden, NJ 07036 Diamond, Philip 4422 Vico Way Sacramento, CA 95825 (USAF) DeRousseau, Phil J. 10120 E. Polk Street Tacoma, WA 98445 (Kaiser Alum. Steel) DeSimone, Charles J. 39 Stillwold Road Wethersfield, CT 06109 (Pratt Whitney Aircraft) DiBerardinis, Louis J. Harvard Schl. of Pub. Hlth. Dept, of Eng. Health Sciences 665 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA 02115 Dickerson, Richard C. Env. Protection Agency Res. Triangle Pk., NC 27711 Destefano, James T. PPG Industries, Inc. 1000 RIDC Plaza P. 0. Box 2811 Pittsburgh, PA 15230 Dieringer, Lawrence F. Uniroyal, Inc. Oxford Mgmt. Res. Ctr. Middlebury, CT 06749 203-573-2000 deTreville, R.T.P..M.D. 730 - 30th Street Oakmont, PA 15139 (Triangle Health Center) DiLustro, Salvatore 4787 Rosecroft St. Virginia Beach, VA 23462 (US Navy) DeVito, Joseph P. Standard Brands, Inc. 625 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10022 Dinman, Bertram D., M.D. Alum. Co. of America Alcoa Bldg., Room 1501 Pittsburgh, PA 15219 Devitt, Gerald E. Fiberglass Tower Owens-Coming Fiberglass Co. Toledo, Ohio 43659 419-259-3442 55 35,2 MT-PWHD-004354 DiPasquale, Louis C. Natl. Env. Res. Ctr. Pest. A Tox. Sub. Effects Kes. Triangle Pk, NC 27711 Doremus, K.R. Merck A Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ 07065 201-381-5000,Ext.555 Discher, David P., H.D. Stanford Res. Inst. 333 Ravenswood Ave. Menlo Pk, CA 94025 Dorsey, Charles P. P.O.Box 333 Greenwood, IN 46142 (Eli Lilly Co.) Diserens, Alton H. Exxon Co., USA P.O.Box 2180 Houston, TX 77001 713-221-2443 Dixon, Ernest H., H.D. Celanese dorp. 1211 Ave. of the Americas New York, NY 10036 Dixon, Willard C. Occ. Hlth. field Stn. P.O.Box 8137 Salt Lake City, UT 84108 Dodge, William B. E.I.DuPont de Nemours A Co. Waynesboro, VA 22980 Dolliver, Richard E. Kemper Ins. 3545 Wllshlre Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90010 Donaldson, Harry H. 1215 E. Hookwood Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45208 (USPHS) Donovan, Therese Ind. Hyg. Dept. General Motors Tech. Ctr. 12 Mile A Mound Warren, MI 48090 Douglas, Darrel D. Los Alamos Scientific Lab. P.O.Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87544 Doull, John, Ph. D. ,M.D. Univ. of Kansas Med. Ctr. Rainbow Blvd. at 39th St. Kansas City, KS 66103 Doyle, Henry N. 5303 Augusta St. Washington, DC 20016 (Consultant) Drake, George E. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. Liberty Mutual Bldg. 216 Pine St. San Francisco, CA 94104 Dreier, Arnold C. Shell Chem. Co. P.O.Box 2171 Denver, CO 80201 Drew, Robert T., Ph.D. NIEHS P.O.Box 12233 Res. Triangle Pk, NC 27709 Driscoll, John N. 2 Rolling Ln. Natick, MA 01760 (Se1f-employed) Dooley, Allan E. 57 Hazelwood Ter. Stratford, CT 06497 203-375-4639 (Consultant) Doptis, Leigh E., LCDR.MSC.USN 6042-25th Rd. North Arlington, VA 22207 (US Navy) Dror, Klaus, M.D. 22 Gideon St. Tel-Ganim Ramath Gan, Israel (Ctr. of Occup. Hlth., Safety A Hyg.) Drozd, LCDR,Joseph J.,Jr. Code 7311 Navy Dept. Bureau of Med. A Surgery Washington, DC 20390 56 Drucker, Marjorie A. J.F.K. Post Office Box 8535 Boston, MA 02114 (Env. Prot. Agency) Dryden, Stanley L. Standard Oil Co. of Calif. 225 Bush St. San Francisco, CA 94120 415-894-4547 Duck, Bertram W., M.D. B.P.Res, Ctr. Chertsey Rd. Sunbury-on-Thames, Middlesex England Dudarevitch, Mitchell D. Olin Corp. 275 Winchester Ave. New Haven, CT 06504 203-777-7911,Ext. 457 Duggar, Benjamin C., Sc.D. 5511 Hightor Hill Columbia, MD 21045 Dukes,Dobos, Francis N., M.D. NIOSH 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, OH 45202 Dunham, David Mobil Oil Corp. P.O.Box 32 Paulsboro, NJ 08066 Dunn, James P., M.D. Western Elec. Co. 222 Broadway New York. NY 10038 Dunning, Preston M., M.D. inland Steel Co. 3210 Watling St. E. Chicago, IN 46312 Dunstan, John 109 O'Connell Dr. E. Hartford, CT 06118 (Pratt A Whitney Aircraft) Durkosh, Edward D. 103 Norman Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15236 (Westinghse-Bettis) Dusendschon, R.C.,M.D. Hawaiian Tel. Co. P.O.Box 2200 Honolulu, HI 96805 Dyke, Maurice P.O.Box 9068 Salt Lake City, UT 84109 (OS HA) Dykoski, K.E. Dept, of Lab. A Ind. 444 Lafayette Rd. St. Paul, MM 55101 415-524-5495 Dyre, William H. Rohm A Haas Co. 5000 Richmond St. Philadelphia, PA 19137 Dyson, William L. IBM-Medical Dept. 740 New Circle Rd. Lexington, KY 40507 Ealy, James A. Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. P.O.Box X Oak Ridge, TN 37830 Easley, Charles W. 900 N. 1st Ave. Arcadia, CA 91006 (Atomics Intematl.) Eastes, Jessie D. 7 Crosslands Rd. Ft. Worth, TX 76126 (General Dynamics Co.) Ebersole, Edward W. 23 Skyview Ter. San Rafael, CA 94903 (Fireman's Fund Amer. Ins. Co.) Eckardt, Robert E., M.D. Exxon Corp. P.O.Box 45 Linden, NJ 07036 201-474-3801 Edgerley, Edward, Jr. 582 Brookhaven Ct. Kirkwood, M0 63122 (Washington Univ.) 57 354 i 'OQ-J CO Edwards, Albert 604 W. Camp St. Lebanon, Indiana 46052 El Batawi, Mostafa A.,M.D.,Sc.D Chief, Occupational Health World Health Org. (II.Q.) (Indiana State Ulth. Dept.) Ave. Appia 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland Edwards, Moyer B. Alabama By-Prods. Corp. El-Dakhakhny, Abdel-Aziz,Ph.D. P. 0. Box 10246 High Inst, of Public Health Birmingham, AL 35202 Alexandria University 165 Horreya Ave., Hadara, Edwards, Phillip M. Alexandria, Egypt, U.A.R. 332 Ellsworth PI. Joppa, HD 21085 Elejalde, Mariano de Leitaola (US Amy) Baudera de Vitcaya 4 Bilboa 8, Spain Ege, John F., Jr. (Dow Chem. Iberica SA) 5 Abbotta Lane Westport, CT 06880 Eley, Bruce W. (General Elec. Co.) c/o Monsanto Co. 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. Eggleston, Tony E. St. Louis, M0 63166 TPM Env. Serv. 800 Follin Lane, SE Elias, Theodore J. Vienna, VA 22180 L.A. Cty. Health Dept. 313 N. Figueroa St. Eich, Jacob, M.D. Los Angeles, CA 90012 Fordwerke A.G. Koeln-Niehl, Germany Elkin, Samuel, Ph.D. 12002 Ferndale St. Einert, Amy C., M.D. Philadelphia, PA 19116 629 Euclid Ave. (Temple University) Berkeley, CA 94708 215-221-4915 415-524-5495 Elkins, Hervey B., Ph.D. Eisen, Jerome 303 Mill Street St. of Cal., Dept, of Health Belmont, MA 02178 P.O.Box 30327 Terminal Annex 1449 W. Temple Street Ellis, Kensworth P. Los Angeles, CA 90030 Lawrence Livermore Lab. P. O. Box 808 Eisenbud, Merrill, Sc.D. Livermore, CA 94550 Env. Analys., Inc. 226 7th Street Elson, Ross J., Jr. Garden City, NY 11530 Inland Steel Co. 3210 Watling St. Eisner, Douglas E. Chicago, IN 46312 Diamond Shamrock Chem. Co. P. 0. Box 829 Elvin, Richard W. Redwood City, CA 94064 RR 42 Princeton, MN 55371 Ekey, Daniel B. (Indus, tilth. Eng. Assoc.) Safety Consulting, Inc. 618 Merchants Natl. Bank Bldg. Ely, Thomas S., M.D. Topeka, KS 66612 Eastman Kodak Co. tilth. 6 Safety Lab. Kodak Park Works Rochester, NY 14650 58 Enders, John W. 4438 Fairway Los Alamos, NM 87544 (Los Alamos Scientific Lab.) Eneidi, Walter L. Univ. of Calif. Rad. Lab. P.O.Box 808-L-519 Livermore, CA 94550 ' Engdahl, Richard B. Battelle Mem. Inst. 505 King Ave. Columbus, OH 43201 614-299-3191 Engle, Edward G. 905 Burnside Ave., A-21 E. Hartford, CT 06108 (Aetna Life & Casualty) 203-273-4713 Engel, John D., Sc.D. 11617 Mill Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45240 Enright, John C. Delco Morainne Div. General Motors Oorp. 1420 Wisconsin Blvd. Dayton, OH 45401 513-445-5000 Enrinoso, Adebola Ore-Olorun Univ. College Hosp. Oba dan, Nigeria Erkins, John H. J. Alcoa of Australia, Ltd. P.O.Box 460 Geelong 3220, Australia Eschelbach, Donald L. 2035 Willow St. Dearborn, MI 48124 (Retired) Eschelman, Phelps S. GM Techn. Ctr. 12 Mile & Mound Rds. Warren, MI 48090 Etheridge, Charles H., Jr. 326 Edgewood Rd. Forest Hills, PA 15221 (Mine Safety Appl. Co.) Ettinger, Harry J. 55 Navajo Los Alamos, NM 87544 505-667-5132 (Los Alamos Sci. Lab.) Evans, Robley D., Ph.D. 4621 E. Crystal Ln. Scottsdale, AZ 85253 Evavold, E. Roscoe 10232-5th Ave. S. Minneapolis, MN 55420 (Univac, Sperry Rand Corp.) Fallon, Lt. Col. Paul F. 123 Vinsant St. San Antonio, TX 78235 (US Air Force) Fanney, Julius H., Jr. IBM Corp. HQ Saf. Dept. 10-84K Old Orchard Rd. Armonk, NY 10504 914-696-6920 Fannick, Nicholas 36 E. 36th St. New York, NY 10016 212-683-6794 Farant, Jeane-Pierre Riley's Ln. RR #1 Aylmer, Quebec, Canada (Govt, of Canada) Farrah, George H. Alum. Co. of America Alcoa Tech. Ctr. Alcoa Ctr., PA 15069 Farrar, Alice C. Intematl. Safety Academy Env. Hlth. Lab. 1021 Georgia Ave. Macon, GA 31201 Farrell, John J. 145-25th St. Copiague, NY 11726 (NY St. Div. of Ind. Hyg. Fassett, David W., M.D. 13 Summer St. P.O.Box 978 Kennebunk, ME 04043 (Retired) 59 354 Fater, Joseph J. 313 Higgins Dr. Baldwinville, NY 13027 (Kemper Ins.) Faud, Robert H. 1992 Edenhall Dr. Cleveland, OH 44124 (The Osborn Mfg. Co.) 216-361-1900(Bus.) Faust, Jack C. Occup. Hlth. 4 Safety Office James Forrestal Campus Princeton Univ. Princeton, NJ 08540 Feasley, Charles F., Ph.D. Mobil Res. 4 Dev. Corp. Paulsboro, NJ 08066 Fehringer, M.Renee 1723 Robb St. 117 Lakewood, 00 80215 (0SHA) Feightner, Clarence C. 2804 Windsor PI. Oklahoma City, OK 73127 (Tinker AFB) Feiner, Benjamin 130 Gale PI. Bronx, NY 10463 Feldstein, Milton 939 Ellis St. San Francisco, CA 94109 415-771-6000 Feliu, Leopoldo G.E.Co. 1285 Boston Ave. Bridgeport, CT 06602 Felton, J.S., M.D. NRMC Dispensary Naval Shipyard Long Beach, CA 90801 Felton, Theodore A. G.E.Co. Nuclear Enery Div. M/C-507 175 Curtner Ave. San Jose, CA 95114 408-297-3000,Ext.3394 Ferber, Benjamin I. US Bureau of Mines 4BOO Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh, PA 15213 412-892-2400,Ext. 521 Ferber, Kelvin H. Allied Chem. Corp. P.O.Box 1069 Buffalo, NY 14240 Fergin, G.S. Kaiser Alum. 4 Chem. Corp. P.O.Box 6217 Hillyard Stn. Spokane, WA 99207 509-483-8561 Ferguson, James S. NI0SH Federal Office Bldg. Cincinnati, OH 45202 513-684-2654 Ferguson, James T. Climax Molybdenum Go. 13949 W. Colfax Ave. Golden, CO 80401 Ferguson, Warren S. Allied (hem. Corp. P.O.Box 1057R Morristown, NJ 07960 Ferguson, Wilson, M.D. GMAD GM dorp. Doraville Plant 3900 Motors Indus. Way Doraville, GA 30340 Ferin, Juraj Univ. of Rochester Med. Schl Rochester, NY 14642 716-275-3726 Ferran, Gilbert H. Los Alamos Sci. Lab. P.O.Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87544 Ferris, Benjamin G., Jr., M.D. Harvard Univ. 665 Huntington Ave. Boston, MA 02115 Ferruggiaro, Alfred J. US Army Frankford Arsenal Bridge 4 Tacony Sts. Philadelphia, PA 19137 Ferry, John J. G.E.Co. Bldg. 43-202 1 River Rd. Schenectady, NY 12305 518-374-2211,Ext.52604 Feuk, John W. 3M Co., 3M Ctr. Ind.Hyg. Dept. 220-2E St. Paul, MN 55101 612-733-9377 Feusner, Capt. LeRoy Carroll 9261 A. Lincoln Dr. Ellsworth AFB.SD 57706 (USAF) Ficklen, Joseph B. 1848 E. Mtn. St. Pasadena, CA 91104 (Consultant) Finn, John 2601 Catalina Dr. Davis, CA 95616 (Consultant) First, Melvin W., Sc.D. 295 Upland Ave. Newton Highlands, MA 02161 617-332-3877 (Consultant) Fischoff, Robert L. IBM Corp. 10215 Femwood Rd. Bethesda, MD 20034 Fitch, John J. 100 John St. Washington, IN 47501 (US Naval Annum. Depot). `Flanagan, Joseph E., Jr. 3 Deerwood Ln. P.O.Box 405 E. Orleans, MA 02643 617-255-2461 Flanagan, Joseph T. Hartford Ins. Group Hartford Plaza Hartford, CT 06115 Flato, Jerome C. NYU Ctr. for Safety 4050 E. 4th St. New York, NY 10003 Flickinger, Charles W. Koppers Co., Inc. 440 College Pk, Dr. Monroeville, PA 15146 Fliegl, Rudy J. 100 Springdale Blvd. Toronto, Ontario, M45 1W9 (Ont. Min. of Hlth.) 416-866-7042 `Flinn, Robert H., M.D. 840 Palmero Dr. Santa Barbara, CA 93105 Flores, George H. The Dow Chem. Co. 1707 Bldg. Midland, MI 48640 Florky, Gordon R. Mohil Oil Corp. 3700 W. 190th St. Torrence, CA 90509 Flowers, Delbert L. 9 Eton Overlook Rockville, MD 20850 (US Dept, of Labor) Flowers, Earl S. 16120 Chase St. Sepulveda, CA 91343 (Univ. of Calif.) Flumerfelt, Gene C. 11670 Althea Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15235 (Mine Safety Appli. Co Flynn, John L. 126 Warren St. Hudson, NY 12534 (G.E. Co.) 61 o5S o Q O CO O U'i "J Foderaro, John, H.D. 829 Benson St. Philadelphia, PA 19111 (E.l.duPont de Nemours & Co.) 302-366-4998 Fox, John E. Monsanto Co. POB 1311 Texas City, TX 77590 713-945-4431,Ext. 2325 Foley, Gregory H. 652 Riviera Dr. New Bridgton, MN 55112 (Minn. Pol. Control Agency) 612-296-7264 Frank, Russell W. Ferro Corp. Oorp. Office 1 Erieview Plaza Cleveland, OH 44114 Fonseca, Alcyr de Almeida, M. Avienda Eng. Richard 68 - Apr. 401 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Dept, of Labor) ' Fraser, David A. Sc.D. Schl of Pub. Hlth. Univ. of N.Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27514 919-966-1023 Fontaine, Jack H. USDOL - OSHA Adolphus Tower Bldg. Dallas, TX 75202 1820 Fraust, Charles L., Ph.D. Western Elec. Co. 555 Union Blvd. Allentown, PA 18103 Foote, Seneca W. Amer. Mutual Lia. Ins. Co. One Executive Pk. E. Atlanta, GA 30329 Forrester, Thomas L. Pacific Gas t Elec. Co. 245 Market St. San Francisco, CA 94106 Fosdick, Lee B. 680 Grand Ave. Glen Ellyn, IL 60137 (Argonne Natl. Lab.) 313-739-7711,Ext. 3501 Possum, John H. Honeywell, Inc. 600 2nd St. N. Hopkins, MN 55343 Foster, F. James Mare Isl. Naval Shipyd.-Code 7 Vallejo, CA 94592 (Univ. of Washington) Fowler, Don G. 1584 Marian Ann Arbor, MI 48103 (Consultant) Fowler, Douglas P. 1002 9th St. Albany, CA 94710 Frawley, John P., Ph.D. Hercules Inc. 910 Market St. Wilmington, DE 19899 302-575-7065 Frazho, Arthur E. 22151 Chalon Dr. St. Clair Shores, MI 48080 (Mich. Mutual Lia. Co.) Frazier, Phillip M. Babcock s Wilcox Naval Nuclear Fuel Div. P.O.Box 785 Lynchburg, VA 24505 Frazier, R.E. Minn. Dept, of Hlth. 717 Delaware St., SE Minneapolis, MN 55440 Frederick, W.G.,Sc.D. 31140 Perry's Crossing Rolling Oaks Farmington, MI 48024 (Wayne State Univ.) Freeman, E.James 15 Scenic Dr. Andover, NJ 07821 (Allied Chem. Corp.) 62 Freeman, Thomas W. OSHA Rm. 587 1375 Peachtree, NE Atlanta,GA 30309 Frey, John W. Sect. Hd.Air Quality Branch Tenn. Valley Auth. Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 Friedman, William J. 2017 Landon In. #4 Sacramento, CA 95825 Gabriel, Karl L., Ph.D. P.O.Box 8598 Philadelphia, PA 19101 (Med. College of PA) Gallagher, Robert G. 17 Park Ave. E. Greenbush, NY 12061 (Applied Hlth. Physics, Inc.) Galloway, Howard L. 201 Maplewood Ave. Waverly, OH 45690 (Goodyear Atomic Corp.) Fuller, Frank H. E.l.duPont de Nemours Co. 13-W-5 Louviers Bldg. Wilmington, DE 19898 Fulmer, Mary R. OSHA Rm. 109, 360 S. 3rd St. Columbus, OH 43215 Gamble, John H. P.O.Box 114 N. Liberty, IA 52317 (Univ. of Iowa) 319-353-5125 *Ganschow, John H., M.D. 25034 Champlaign Rd. Southfield, MI 48075 Fulwiler, Richard D., Sc.D. Procter & Gamble Co. Ivorydale Tech. Ctr. Cincinnati, OH 45217 513-562-6834 Fuqua, Philip A., M.D. Hanford Env. Hlth. Foun. P.O.Box 100 Richland, WA 99352 Furman, Richard C. Walden Res.-Div. of Abcor, Inc 201 Vassar St. Cambridge, MA 02139 Furr, Robert J. Texas Safety Serv. 808 N. Marsalis St. Dallas, TX 75203 Gantt, William A. G.E.Co. 100 Woodlawn Ave. Pittsfield, MA 01201 Garber, Brad T. 1495 48th Ave. Apt. 2 San Francisco, CA 94122 (Univ. of Calif.) Garber, Louis F. 2008 Green Meadow Dr. Jefferson City, MO 65101 (MO Div. of Hlth.) Garcia, LeRoy L. P.O.Box 715 Espanola, NM 87532 (Reynolds Elec. 6 Eng 505-827-5273 Co Fusco, Serafino J. Natl. Env. Instrumts., P.O.Box 590 Warwick, RI 02888 Inc. Gabis, Max S. 3027 Hewitt Ave. Apt. 467 Silver Springs, MD 20906 (OSHA) 301-460-0517 Garcia, Meliton M. Tenneco, Inc. P.O.Box 2511 Houston, TX 77001 713-229-3317 Garis, John N. 694 Devonshire Ln. Crystal Lak, IL 60014 (Kemper Ins. Co.) 312-540-2026 63 356 Garland, Bernard 1. Gelman, Charles Gidley, M. David Glauberman, Harold Fulton Cty. Hlth. Dept. Gelman Xnstrumt Co. 630 N. Park Blvd. U.S. Atomic Energy Comm. 99 Butler St., SE P.O.Box 1448 Glen Ellyn, IL 60137 Washington, DC 20545 Atlanta, GA 30303 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 (Abex Corp.) 312-858-6887 ' Gleason, Robert P. Gamer, Charles L. Gendemalik, Louis P., Ph.D. Univ. Illth. Serv. 705 Torrance Ave. Chrysler Corp. Giever, Paul M. Univ. of Massachusetts Vestal, NY 13850 Indus. Hyg. 6 Safety Dept. Stanford Res. Inst. Amherst, MA 01002 (IBM Corp.) 3316 Merrill 1611 N. Kent St. Royal Oak, MI 48072 Rosslyn Plaza Glidden, G.M. Garrett, Jack T. Monsanto Co. Geoffrion, Louis A. Arlington, VA 22209 703-524-2053 Acme Prot. Equipmt. Co. 1201 Kalamazoo St. 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. Los Alamos Sci. Lab. S. Haven, MI 49090 St. Louis, M0 63166 P.O.Box 1663 , Gilbert, Harry 313-637-2121 314-694-2197 Los Alamos, NM 87544 2500 Wisconsin Ave., NW 4531 Washington, DC 20007 Glorig, Aram.,M.D. i Garrett, Jasper T., Jr. Georgiadis, Theodore OSHA Callier Hearing 6 Speech Ctr. s American Enka Co. Lowland, TN 37778 341 E. Archwood Ave. Akron, OH 44301 202-961-2435 1966 Inwood Rd. Dallas, TX 75235 j (The Firestone T & R Co.) Gillis, Albert D. Gastineau, Lt. Col. Robert M. Social Sec. Admin. Glou, Ronald S. 2381 Rexford Dr. Gerecke, Kenneth W. 6401 Security Blvd. IBM Corp., Dept. 414 i Pittsburgh, PA 15241 R.D. 1, Box 64A Baltimore, MD 21235 South Rd. (Westinghse-Bettis Atomic Wrightstown, NJ 08562 Poughkeepsie, NY 12602 Power Labs.) (USDOL - OSHA) Gils, Robert E. j Gaudreau, Adrien L. Gerhardsson, Gideon 1440 David Circle Decatur, GA 30032 Goelzer, Berenice, I.F. Occup. Hlth. Unit R.D. 1, Box 378 Swedish Employers Confed. (Continental Ins. Co.) World Hlth. Org. Broadalbin, NY 12025 Box 16120 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (G.E.Co.) 10323 Stockholm 16, Sweden Gioiello, David M., Jr. 340 Ayrhill Ave., NE Going, David L. j Geary, Daniel L. Gerlach, Lawrence A., M.D. Vienna, VA 22180 87B Dolores St. 167 Oak Ln. 4005 Terra Granada 1-B (Lumbermens Mutual Ins. Co.) San Francisco, CA 94110 Jeannette, PA 15644 Walnut Creek, CA 94595 202-484-4900(Bus.) (Mellon Inst.) Gokelman, Major John J. Gershaw, Roger Lee Giovanardi, Vittorio 3300 Arapaho Way Geisen, R.J. OSHA 163 Larpenteur Ave. Maplewood, MN 55117 Marion Labs., Inc. 10236 Bunker Ridge Rd. Kansas City, M0 64137 816-761-2500 ENEL Via Nino Bixio, 39 29100 Piacenza, Italy N. Highlands, CA 95660 (USAF) Goldberg, Samuel A. t 612-488-2750 Geishecker, Dorothy K. 2537 W. Argyle St. Chicago, IL 60625 Gibbs, G.W. Dept, of Epidem. 6 Hlth. McGill univ. 3775 Univ. St. Gisclard, J. Brennan 825 Belmonte Pk, N. Dayton, OH 45405 (Wright-Patterson AFB) Mining Enforcemt A Safety Admin. 4800 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co )Montreal, Quebec, H3A-2B4 312-540-2487 Gibeau, John K. Gelburd, Ralph M. 121 Lost Forest Dr. Ciba-Geigy Corp. San Antonio, TX 78233 Gittelman, Donald H. Western Elec. Co., Inc. Dept. 3120 Box 241 Reading, PA 19603 Goldman, Ralph F., Ph.D. US Army Res. Inst, of Env. Med. Kansas St. Natick, MA 01760 Saw Mill River Rd. Ardsley, NY 10502 (USAF) Gibson, David E. Govt, of Alberta 10523 100 Ave. Giuliani, Robert L. Erie Mining Co. Box 847 Hoyt Lakes, MN 55750 Goldsmith, Capt. Andrew H. 1017 Lehigh Ave. Yardley, PA 19067 Edmonton, Alberta T5J 0A8 403-429-2711 MT-PWHD-004358 64 65 35r ii Goldwater, Leonard J., M.O. Rt. 3, Box 197 Chapel Hill, NC 27514 Golonka, Edward J. Hawthorne Works Western Elec. Co. Dept. 8853 Chicago, IL 60623 Golz, Harold H., H.D. P.O.Box 845 Kilmarnock, VA 22482 Gonzalez, D.J. Alter. Air filter Co., Inc. 17570 W. 12 Mile ltd. Suite 205 Southfield, MI 48075 Gonzalez, Enrique F. Plan Nacl. de Hig. y Seguridad del Trabajo C/Torrelaguna S/N Madrid 27, Spain Good, Maj. Merrill R. USAF SAM/NGB Brooke AFB, TX 78235 Goodfriend, Lewis S. Goodfriend Assoc. 7 Saddle Rd. Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927 201-540-8811 Goodman, Joseph L., M.D. 623 O'Hear Ave. N. Charleston, SC 29406 (Self-employed) Goodwin, John W. 2915 Pecan Texarkana, AR 75501 (Day Zimerman, Inc.) Goppers, Velta 2734 Humboldt Ave., S. Minneapolis, MN 55408 (Univ. of Minnesota) Gordon, David David Gordon Assoc., Inc. 381 Elliott St. Newton Upper Falls, MA 02164 Gordon, Lloyd E. 8241 W. 30 Rd. Harrietta, HI 49638 Graef, Warren 0. 401 E. Jefferson Dr. Lake Charles, LA 70601 (Cities Serv. Oil Co.) Granlund, Rodger W. Penn. State Univ. 228 Accelrator Bldg. Univ. Pk, PA 16802 Grant, Lee B., M.D. PPG Indus., Inc. One Gateway Ctr. Pittsburgh, PA 15222 Grapenthien, James R. Chicago 6 NW Transptn. Co. Med. Dept. Rm. #111 Chicago, IL 60606 Grassel, Eugene E. BIOS Lea Rd. Bloomington, MN 55438 (Donaldson Co., Inc.) Graul, Robert J. 1406 Richmond St. El Cerrito, CA 94530 (Calif. Dept, of Pub. Hlth.) Grawey, G.W..M.D. Caterpillar Tractor Co. 100 NE Adams St. Peoria, IL 61602 Gray, Douglas C. Los Alamos Sci. Lab. POB 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87544 505-667-6170 Greenberg, Leo, Ph.D. 536 W. 113th St. New York, NY 10025 **Greenburg, Leonard, M.D. 100 Sands Pt. Rd. Longboat Key Sarasota, FL 33577 Gregoric, A.L. Diamond Shamrock Chem.Co. P.O.Box 2386-R Morristown, NJ 07960 201-267-1000,Ext. 481 66 Gregory, Jerome P. 711 Easlan Dr. Plover, WI 54467 (Sentry Ins.) Greschaw, Donald A. 17899 Country Club Dr. Livonia, MI 48152 (Ford Motor Co.) Gresh, Joseph T. Volkswagen of Amer., Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632 Grieb, Henry E. GTE SylVania, Inc. 820 Lexington Ave. Warren, PA 16365 Griffin, Ralph G., Jr. Texas STate Dept, of Hlth. 1100 W. 49th St. Austin, TX 78756 512-453-6631,Ext. 241 Griffin, Reginald, Ph.D. ESA,Inc. 175 Bedford Burlington, MA 01803 (Env. Sci. Assoc., Inc.) Griffith, Franklin D., Ph.D. 3M Co., 3M Ctr. Med. Dept. St. Paul, MN 55101 Grillo, Gene P., Ph.D. 10 Cumberland Ave. Bradford, MA 01830 (Western Elec. Co.) 617-372-7111,Ext. 3536 Grimaldi, John V., Ph.D. 23 Commonwealth Blvd. Bellerose, NY 11426 (NY Univ.) Gromachey, Lawrence E. 125 Kingsley Ct. Pleasant Hill, CA 94523 Grose, Carl B. Naval Res. Lab. Safety Branch Code 2013 Washington, DC 20375 Gross, Paul,M.D. 28 Maui Circle Naples, FL 33940 Gross, Stanley B., Ph.D. 1015 Redway Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45229 (Univ. of Cincinnati) 513-872-5780 Grote, Ardith A. NlOSli 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, OH 45202 Grubb, Leiand L. Alum. Co. of Amer. 2210 Harvard Ave. Cleveland, OH 44105 Grunder, Fred 2935 Oakland Rd. Bethlehem, PA 18017 (Bethlehem STeel Corp.) Grut, Aage, M.D. Sr. Med. Insp. of Labour 20 Hambros Alle Hellerup, Denmark Tel: Luna 410 Guillemin, Michel P. 66 Ave. Chateau Prilly (VD)Switzerland CH 1008 (State of Vaud, Dept, of Public Hlth.) Guinn, Ronald L. 1506 Claremont Ave. Pasadena, TX 77502 (Ethyl Corp.) Gundaker, Walter E. 7440 Bee Bee Dr. Rockville, MD 20855 (US Public Hlth. Srv. Gussman, Robert A. BGI Inc. 58 Guinan St. Waltham, MA 02154 Gutekunst, Herbert W. 21733 Ridge Rd. Armada, MI 48005 (Retired) MT-PWHD-004360 Guy, Allen C., Jr. American Can Company American Lane Greenwich, CT 06830 Haas, Jonathan H. Sun Oil Company Box 426 Marcus llook, PA 19061 Haberraeyer, John G. 10665 W. Loyola Drive Los Altos Hills, CA 94022 (NASA Ames Res. Center) Hack, Alan Lewis Los Alamos Scientific Lab. P.0. Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87544 Hackathom, David R. Mobay Chemical Co. P. 0. Box 4913 Hawthorn Road Kansas City, M0 64120 Hagen, Nancy S. 703 Santa Barbara Rd. Berkeley, CA 94707 (US Atomic Energy Comm.) Hahne, Rolf M.A. 28 Seventh Avenue, North Iowa City, Iowa 52240 (University of Iowa) 319-353-5990 Hall, William P. #1 Old Flintlock Road Bloomfield, CT 06002 (Pratt & Whitney Aircrft) 203-528-4811 Ext. 8295 Haller, Robert B. Mine Safety Appliances Co. 201 N. Braddock Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15208 Hallesy, Duane H., Ph.D. Syntex Research 3401 Hillview Avenue Palo Alto, CA 94304 Halley, Paul D. Standard Oil Co.(Indiana) 200 E. Randolph Drive Chicago, IL 60601 312-856-5371 Halpin, Walter R. 2905 Manns Ave. Baltimore, MD 21234 (US Army) Hamilton, Allan C. 702 Bedford Road Bel Air, MD 21014 (State of Maryland) Hamilton, E. Kingdom 26 Seward Drive Dix Hills, New York 11746 (Pfizer, Inc.) Haile, Fred H. 9200 Edgewood Drive Gaithersburg, MD 20760 (Dept, of Commerce Natl. Bureau of Standards) Hammond, James W. Exxon Oo.,USA P. O. Box 2180 Houston, TX 77001 713-656-2443 Haines, John M. Hancock, Robert L. Mason Hanger - Silas Mason Co.Combustion Eng., Inc. Box 561 1000 Prospect Hill Road Burlington, IA 52601 Windsor, CT 06095 319-745-5731 Ext. 6213 203-688-1911 Ext. 4427 Hall, Herbert J. Opossum Road , Skillman, NJ 08558 Hancock, Roger P. 1337 Taney Avenue 4304 Frederick, MD 21701 Hall, Stephen K., M.D. School of Science Tech. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, IL 62025 618-692-2901 Hanemann, Sheldon J. 2214 Marais Street New Orleans, LA 70117 504-529-5231 (LA St. Dept, of Occup. Health) 68 Hanen, Sherry J. 4501 Arlington Blvd. #201 Arlington, VA 22203 (Stanford Res. Inst.) Harris, Walter D. Ph.D. Uniroyal, Inc. Oxford Mgt & Res. Ctr. Middlebury, CT 06749 Haney, Donald L., Jr. Republic Steel Corp. 6801 Brecksville Rd. Independence, OH 44131 Harrison, Harry C. Nuclear Effects Directorate White SAnds Missile Range, NM 88002 Hanna, Fayez B., Ph.D. `Harrold, Gordon C., Ph.D. 14912 Chestnut Ridge Ct.(Dufief)33589 Nancy Gaithersburg, MD 20760 Livonia, MI 48168 (Nuclear utilities SErv.) (Consultant) 301-948-7010,Ext.166(Bus.) Hartung, Rolf Hannon, J.W.G..M.D. e55 Lockhart St. Univ. of Mich. 3544 Schl. of Pub. Hlth. Washington, PA 15301 Ann Arbor, MI 48104 (Self-employed) `Hatch, Theodore F., Sc.D Hansen, David L. Templeton Rd. US Testing Co., Inc. Fitzwilliam, NH 03447 1415 Park Ave. (Retired) Hoboken, NJ 07030 Hatfield, Theodore R.,M.D. Hansen, Lester A., Ph.D. 3 Woodland Ter. 1971 Cambridge Ln. Lincroft, NJ 07738 Olympia, WA 98501 (Western Elec. Co.) (Dept, of Labor Indus.) Hauger, Louis S. Hanson, Victor W. City of Vernon 8345 Karen Dept, of Pub. Hlth. WEstland, MI 48185 4305 Santa Fe Ave. (Geo. D. Clayton Assoc., Inc.)Vernon, CA 90058 Hardin, Bryan D. 8060 Debonair Ct. Cincinnati, OH 45237 (NIOSH) 301-443-4216 Haun, Charles C. Univ. of Calif. Overlook Branch P.O.Box 3067 Dayton, OH 45431 Harms, Gale D. Wyoming Dept, of Occ. Hlth. Safety Cheyenne, WY 82002 Havens, Bernard J., Jr. 29 Windham St. Hartford, CT 06106 (Pratt Whitney Aircraft) Harris, Elliott S., Ph.D. #3 Belsaw PI. Cincinnati, OH 45220 (NIOSH) Harris, Robert L., Jr. 4620 Fernham PI. Raleigh, NC 27609 (Univ. of N.Carolina) Hawkinson, Robert E. Employers Ins. of Wausau Wausau, WI 54401 Hay, Erroll B., III Env. Hlth. Eng. Bethlehem Steel Corp. Sparrows Pt., MD 21219 Hayden, Maj. A.T. 5204 SE 46th Oklahoma City, OK 73115 (USAF) 359 C_i O O CO O Ul hazard, W.G. Heilman, Thomas M., Ph.D. Hernandez, Peter A. Hickey, James E. 3609 Mapleway Dr. 183 Musconetcong Ave. 8546 W. Fir 48 Timberline Dr. i Toledo, OH 43614 Stanhope, NJ 07874 Orland Pk., IL 60462 Warwick, RI 02886 (Consultant) (Allied Chem. Corp.) (Interlake, Inc.) (State of RI) 419-303-7348 Healy, John W. 51 Grand Canyon Dr. Los Alamos, NM 87544 Hemeon, Wesley C.L. Hemeon Assoc. 6025 Broad St. Mall Pittsburgh, PA 15206 Herr, Howard F. Westinghse. Elec. Corp. Box 355-Monroeville Mall Pittsburgh, PA 15230 Hickish, David E., Ph.D. 27 Worrin Rd. Shenfield, Essex, England (Ford Motor Co., Ltd.) Heaney, Robert J., Ph.D. Henderson, Richard, Ph.D. Herrick, Robert A. Higdon, Herbert F. i Kennecott Copper Corp. Olin Corp. P.O.Box 11299 275 Winchester Ave. Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp. Fiberglas Tower Union Carbide Corp. Nuclear Div. Salt Lake City, UT 84111 New Haven, CT 06504 Toledo, OH 43659 P.O.Box P 203-777-7911,Ext. 1430 Oak Ridge, TN 37830 i Heatherton, Bichard C. Hertig, Bruce A., Sc.D Natl. Lead Co. of Ohio Hendricks, N.V. 119 Mech. Eng. Lab. High, Marvin D. i P.O.Box 39158 Cincinnati, OH 45239 132 Tennyson Dr. Short Hills, NJ 07078 Univ. of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 Eng. Sci., Inc. 150 N. Santa Anita Suite 401 (Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc.) 217-333-3686 Arcadia, CA 91006 Hebb, Jerry L. Boy P. NEston, Inc. MBston Way W.Chester, PA 19380 201-379-5371 Hendricks, Russel H., Ph.D. 2481 Kensington Hertlein, Fred, III Fred Hertlein Assoc. 1493 Kaweloka St. Hilcken, John A., Ph.D. 512 N. Littleton St. Arlington, VA 22203 215-692-3030 Hebblethwaite, Robert L. 2626 Leonid Rd. Jacksonville, FL 32218 Salt Lake City, UT 84108 (Pub. Hlth. Serv.) Hendrickson, E.R.,Ph.D. Env. Sci. Eng. Inc. Pearl City, HI 96782 Hervin, Raymond L. 9451 Connell Dr. Overland Pk., KS 66212 Hilker, Robert R.J., M.D. Illinois Bell Tel. Co. 212 W. Washington St. Chicago, IL 60606 (Flo. St. Div. of Hlth.) 904-354-3961,Ext. 314 Hecker, Lawrence H., Ph.D. 2971 Briarcliff Anna Arbor, MI 48105 P.O.Box 13454 Univ. Stn. Gainesville, FL 32604 Henning, John C. Western Elec. Co., Inc. (NIOSH) Hess, Gerald L. 5648 S. Main St. Akron, OH 44319 (Goodyear T R Co.) Hill, F. Neal The Hill Env. Group P.O.Box 659 Chapel Hill, NC 27514 919-942-4036 (Univ. of Mich.) 801 Merritt Dr. Greensboro, NC 27407 216-794-4531 Hill, John E. Heida, Vivian 10077 F. Bunker Hill Dr. Affton, M0 63123 919-299-2311,Ext. 289 Henschel, Austin F., Ph.D. Hess, Paul W., Ph.D. Hershey Foods Corp. Hershey, PA 17033 640 Iris Ave. Boulder, 00 80302 (Dow Chemical Co.) (Union Elec. Co.) NIOSH Heins, Allan P. NIOSH 390 Wakara Way 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, OH 45202 513-684-2680 Hess, Thomas L. 1 Colonial Rd. Bel Air, MD 21014 (US Army Env. Hlth. Agency) Hill, Richard M. Aerospace Corp. P.O.Box 95085 Los Angeles, CA 90045 Salt Lake City, UT 84108 Henson, Edward V., M.D. Held, Bruce J. Lawrence Livermore Lab. L-519 P.O.Box 808 Livermore, CA 94550 1138 Beading Blvd. Wyomissing, PA 19610 (The Beryllium Corp.) Hermann, Edward R., Ph.D. Hickey, C.Raymond Caterpillar Tractor Co Med. Div. E. Peioria, IL 61630 Hill, Vaughn H. E.I.duPont de Nemours Orchem. Dept. App.Tech Rm. N-1042 2 Wilmington, DE 19898 415-447-1100,Ext. 3852 Env.Hlth. Eng. Hickey, Edward C. 302-774-5068 Helgeson, George L. 872 Abbie St. Pleasanton, CA 94566 Northwestern Univ. Evanston, IL 60201 312-492-3176 15124 Clark St. Van Nuts, CA 91401 (TRW Systems) Hilmes, Howard J. CF I Steel Corp. P.O. Box 316 (Sel f-eof>loyed Pueblo, CO 81002 70 71 MT-PWHD-004361 ;< MT-PWHD-004362 i i Hinds, William C. 86 Concord St. Newton Lower Falls, HA 02162 (Harvard Schl. of Pub. Hlth.) Hine, C.H.,M.D.,Ph.D. The Hine Labs., Inc. P.O.Box 7604, Rlcon Annex San Francisco, CA 94120 415-861-5494 Hipp, H.J. 5040 S. 179th PI. Seattle, NA 98188 (The Boeoing Co.) Hiser, Robert A. Brush-Wellman, Inc. 7454 Hopkins Rd. Mentor, OH 44060 Hlavaty, E.J. Nestinghse. Elec. Corp. 700 Braddock AVe. E. Pittsburgh, PA 15112 412-256-2163 lloffer, Ralph F. G.E.Co. P.O.Box 132 Cincinnati, OH 45215 513-243-5500 Hoffman, Clair A. 73 William Ln. Hatboro, PA 19040 (W.w.Criswell Co.) 609-829-6300 (Bus.) Hoffman, David W. Dept, of Env. Hlth. 1325 Mayo Univ. of Minnesota Minneapolis, Kl 55455 Hogan, Geoffrey K. 3060 Lakehaven Court Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Hohl, Arthur R. 4652 Bradwood Ter. Fort Hayne, IN 46805 (G.E.Co.) Hoag, Laveroe L. 1623 Hllshire Norman, OK 73069 (Univ. of Oklahoma) Hobbs, Edward J. Dow Coming Corp. S. Saginaw Rd. Midland, MI 48640 Hobbs, Farrel D. 11757 Delaware Ct. Northglenn, CO B0234 (Dow Chea. Co.) Hobson, Herschel L., Ph.D. 418 Brookhollow Conroe, TX 77301 (Texaco) Hodge, Harold C., Ph.D. Pharm. Univ. of Calif. Han Francisco, CA 94122 Hodnick, Harold V. 1731 Cherry Grove Dr. San Jose, CA 95125 (Potlatch) 415-986-1122 Holaday, Duncan A. 7 Carlton Rd. Wellesley, MA 02181 Holbrook, Larry L. 5854 Paddon Cir. San Jose, CA 95123 (Hewlett-Packard) Holdsworth, Charles E., Jr. 6400 Brushwood Ct. Dayton, OH 45415 (Delco Prods.,Div/GMC) Holland, Walter LFE Eng. Analysis Lab. 2030 Wright Ave. Richmond, CA 94804 Holler, Albert C. 662 Cromwell AVe. St. Paul, MN 55114 (Twin City Testing 6 Eng. Lab., Inc.) 612-645-3601 Hollett, Bruce A. 2881 Chiplay St. Sacramento,CA 95826 (USAF) 72 Hollingsworth, Richard L. 10404 Viera Ln., Apt. 533 Fairfax, VA 22030 llolmblad.E.C. ,M.D. 1350 Lake Shore Dr. Chicago, IL 60610 (Chicago Brd. of Hlth.) Holt, Denver L. 2 Oakwood Dr. St. Charles, MO 63301 (McDonnell Aircraft) Holt, Grady L. 313 Seymore Ave. Florence, AL 35630 (Tenn. Valley Auth.) Holtshouser, Joseph L. Firemans Fund Am. Ins. Co. 14 S. 4th St. St. Louis, M0 63102 314-621-8400 Hood, Dorothy B. Haskell Lab. E.I.duPont de Nemours!. Co, Wilmington, DE 19898 302-366-3531 Hooghkirk, Donald P. Alum Co. of Amer. 5151 Alcoa Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90058 213-588-6141,Ext. 268 I Inc. Homberger, Carl S., Jr., Ph.D. 13 CArole Rd. Newark, DE 19711 (E.I.duPont de Nemours Co.,Inc. Horowitz, Leon D. Amer. Mutual Lia. Ins. Co. Wakefield, MA 01880 617-245-6000 Horstman, Sandford W., Jr. Ph.D. Schl of Pub. lilth. SC-34 Univ. of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 Horvath, Bruce S. 316 Southern Oaks Lake Jackson, TX 77566 (Dow Chem., Co.) Hosein, H. Roland Lung Res. Ctr. Yale Univ. 333 Cedar St. New Haven, CT 06510 Hosey, Andrew D. 7400 Montgomery Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45236 513-891-1796 Houk, William USS America (CVA-66) FPO New York, NY 09501 Hook, Marion B., Jr. S.Carolina Dept. Of Hlth. Env. Control 2600 Bull St. Columbia, SC 29201 803-758-5495 & Hoover, Reynold L. Nuclear Div. Oombustn. Eng., Inc. Windsor ,CT 06095 203-688-1911,Ext.423-763 Horikawa, Michael Y. Med. Dept. US Naval Shipyd.Code 725 Pearl Harbor, HI 96610 Hove, Dale M. 1542 N. Mariposa Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90027 (L.A. Cty. Hlth. Dept.) Hoyle, Harold R. 1701 Bldg. Dow Che., U.S.A. Midland, MI 48640 517-636-2377 Hubiak, Richard J. E.I. duPont de Nemours&Co., Haskell Lab. Wilmington, DE 19898 Inc Huckeba, George W. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 175 Berkeley St. Boston, MA 02117 73 MT-PWHD-004363 HueIson, William B. Auer. Foundrymens Society Golf & Wolf Rds. Dee Plaines, IL 60016 Huffman, Dean D. Indus. Coras. of Ohio P.O.Box 1745 Columbus, OH 43216 Hughes, Janes P.( H.D. Kaiser Alum, s Chea. 300 Lakeside Dr. Oakland, CA 94643 415-271-6640 Hui, Hubert Y-T. Dept, of Rpideu. t Hlth. McGill Univ. 3775 Univ. St. Montreal, P.fi., Canada Hull, Terry E. 215 E. King St. Chardon, OH 44024 (Geauga Cty. Hlth. Dept.) 216-285-2222 Humphreys, Clark M. aS2ii!SSS?M (NIOSH) Hunt, Bussell,S. 199 Metlars Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 (Auer. Cyanamid Co.) Hyatt, Edwin C. 535 Rover Blvd. Los Alamos, NM 87544 505-672-9800 (Consultant) Hyde, Donald L. Exxon Co., U.S.A. P.O.Box 3950 Baytown, TX 77520 713-427-5711,Ext. 2511 Ida, Harold M. 1434 Santa Cruz Dr. Santa Fe, HM 87501 (Los Alamos Sci. Lab.) Ife, Donald A. 9331 Webster PI. Sidney, B.C..Canada Ihde, William M. 536 The Lane Rd. Hinsdale, IL 60521 (S V Eng.) Imbus, Harold R., M.D. 820 Pebble Dr. Greensboro, NC 27410 (Burlington Indus., Inc.) Iranendoerfer, Martin IBM-Germany Dept. 2161/7032-46 7032 Sindelfingen,W.Germany Ingram, William T. 7 North Dr. Whitestone, NY 11357 (Consultant) "Irish, Don D., Ph.D. 1801 W. Sugnet Rd. Midland, MI 48640 (Retired) Issa, Abraham 1547 Stone Rd. Rochester, NY 14615 (Eastman Kodak Co.) 716-458-1000,Ext. 85637 Ivergard, Toni B.K. Ergolab-Erg. Mosebacke Torg 18 Stockholm, S-116 20,Sweden (08)43-3530 Ivester, Arthur L. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 4801 E. Independence Blvd. P.O.Box 25708 Charlotte, NC 28212 704-535-3150 Jackson, James O. 302 N. Rose Dr. Glenshaw, PA 15116 (Gulf Oil Corp.) 412-362-1600,Ext. 2631 Jacobson, Keith H., Ph.D. 400 Rutgers St. Rockville, MD 20850 (NIOSH) 74 Jacobson, Murray MESA Ballston Tower #3 4015 Wilson Blvd. Arlington, VA 22203 Jacoby, John S., M.D. Honeywell, Inc. 2701 4th Ave., S. Minneapolis, MN 55408 Jaeger, Rudolph J. 1060 High St. Dedham, MA 02026 617-329-3275 Jana, Francis S. 9609 S. Kenton Ave. Oak Lawn, IL 60453 (Western Elec.) Janes, William C. US Steel Corp. 600 Grant St., Rm.2519 Pittsburgh, PA 15230 412-433-6838 Jankowski, Paul A. 5075 Haverhill Detroit, MI 48224 (Det. Hlth. Dept.) Janous, John A. Amer. Iron & Steel Inst. 1000-16th St., NW Washington, DC 20036 202-452-7211 Jansen, J.D., Ph.D. Shell Internatrl. Petr.Co.Ltd. RST,Shell Ctr. London, S.E. 1, England JaworBki, Harry E. OSHA 32nd Floor 230 Dearborn St. Chicago, IL 60604 Jegier, Sigmund, Ph.D. Univ. of Montreal P.O.Box 6128 Montreal, P.fi..Canada 514-733-9951,Ext.100280 Jensen, John M. Safety 6 Trng Consultant Box 389 Eureka Springs, AK 72632 Jensen, Leonard L., Ph.D. 651 Fisher Rd. ' Grosse Pte., MI 48230 Jessee, Charles R. 101 W. 2nd St. Big Stone Gap, VA 24219 (Westmoreland Coal Co.) Johannsen, Frederick R. Monsanto Co. 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, MD 63166 314-694-2183 Johansson, Mats T., Sc.D. TOmtebogatan 19,4Tr 11339 Stockholm, Sweden Tel: HB L M Ericcsson Johnson, Arthur T., Ph.D. R.D.2, Box 32 Darlington, MD 21034 (Edgewood Arsenal) Johnson, Douglas L. NIOSH 50 Fulton St. San Fransisco, CA 94102 Johnson, James S. 1098 Glenn Common Livermore, CA 94550 (Lawrence Livermore Lab.) Johnson, Kenneth D., Ph.D Mfg. Chemists' Assoc. 1825 Connecticut Ave., NW Washington, DC 20009 202-483-6126 Johnson, Richard S. Norton Co. New Bond St. Worcester, MA 01606 617-853-1000 Johnson, William S. Bethlehem Steel Corp. Bethlehem, PA 18016 215-694-4039 75 31)1 ,1 Johnson, William S., Sr. Eberline Instrumt. Corp. P.O.Box 2108 Santa Fe, NM 87501 505-982-1881 Johnston, Arthur E. 1707 Flora Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45231 (US Navy-Ammo Depot) 513-684-3863 Johnston, Hassel 97 Waterview Dr. Newport News, VA 23602 (Newport News Shipbldg. Dry Dock Co.) 6 Johnston, John H. 3 Graywood Dr. Islington, Ontario, Canada (Imperial Oil, Ltd.) 416-924-9111,Ext. 2104 Jones, Robert K. Shell Oil Co. 600 Summer St. Stamford, CT 06904 Jones, Warren,M.D. Eastman Kodak Co. Hlth. Safety Lab. Rochester, NY 14650 Jordan, Charles J. 3417 Country Hill Dr. Fairfax, VA 22030 Jordan, Harry S., Jr. Los Alamos Sci. Lab. P.O.Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87544 Joselow, Morris, Ph.D. Dept, of Prev. Med. NJ College of Med. Newark, NJ 07103 Jones, Allen R. Exxon Corp. P.O.Box 45 Linden, NJ 07036 Jones, Capt. Charles R. 2420 Koehn Ct. Atwater, CA 95301 (USAF) Jones, Clyde W. 1919 Southview Bartlesville, OK 74003 (Natl. Zinc Co., Inc.) 918-336-7100 Jones, Herbert H. Dept, of Ind. Safety 6 Hyg. Central M0 St. Univ. Warrensburg, M0 64093 Jones, James H. NIOSH U.S. P.O.Bldg. Ran. 527 Cincinnati, OH 45202 Jones, John A. 699 Glendale Rd. N. Wilbraham, MA 01095 (Amer. Optical Oorp.) 617-765-9711 Jones, Karl K. Purdue Univ. Student Hosp. W. Lafayette, IN 47907 317-749-2441 Judd, Stanley H. Standard Oil Co. of Calif. 225 Bush St. San Francisco, CA 94104 415-894-4259 Jung, Francis P. Term, Dept, of Pub. Hlth. Cordell Hull Bldg. Nashville, TN 37219 Junod, Thomas L. 320 Bogart Rd. Huron, OH 44839 (Natl. Aeronautics Space Admin.) 216-433-4000,Ext. 6836 Jurgiel, John A. Ryckman, Edgerley, Tomlin son Assoc., Inc. 12161 Lackland Rd. St. Louis, M0 63141 314-434-6960 Jurinski, Neil B.,Ph.D. 3011 Rolling Green Dr. Churchville, MD 21028 (US Army Env. Ilyg. Agency) 301-734-7360 Kalmon, Ben 1037 22nd St. Portsmouth, Oil 45662 (Retired) 76 -IP"' Kamon, Eliezer Noll Lab. for Human Perf. Res. Penn. State Univ. Univ. Pk., PA 16802 Kamperman, George W. Kamperman Assoc., Inc. 1110 Hickory Tr. Downers Grove, IL 60515 Kandel, David A. Kaiser Steel Corp. P.O.Box 217 Fontana, CA 92335 Kane, Capt. Donald A. PSC4 Box 17267 APO San Francisco, CA 96274 Kane, John M. 3503 Kirby In. Jeffersontown, KY 40299 (Consultant) 502-491-1809 Kay, Kingsley, Ph.D. 16 Skyridge Rd. Greenwich, CT 06830 Keane, W.T.,D.Sc. Suite 611, Security Bldg. 234 N. Central Ave. Phoenix, AZ 85004 (Langerman, Begam Lewis) 602-279-7439 Keenan, Richard P.., Ph.D. 530 10th St. Oakmont, Pa 15139 (US Steel Corp.) Keenan, Robert G. 122 country Club Dr. E. S. Burlington, VT Kehoe, R.A..M.D. Kettering Lab. College of Med. Cincinnati, OH 45219 Kaplan, Samuel A. 131 Shetland Dr. New City, NY 10956 (Amer. Ins. Assoc.) Kary, Raymond E., Ph.D. Ariz. Pub. Serv. Co. Stn. 1365 P.0. Box 21666 Phoenix, AZ 85036 Kasberger, Robert E. Kaiser Alum. Chem. Corp. P.O.Box 98 Ravenswood, WV 26164 Katz, Morris, Ph.D. Farquharson Bldg. York Univ. 4700 Keele St. Toronto, Canada Katzenmeyer, Edwin B., Jr. 2219 Harding Rd. Cuyahoga Falls, OH 44223 (B.F.Goodrich CO.) Kay, John H., Ph.D. Adv. Ctr. of Tox. 2101 Constitution Ave. Washington, DC 20418 Honorary Member Keister, Forest L. 65 E. Colonial Grade Island, NY 14072 (Repub. Steel Corp.) 716-821-5476 Kellehar, Richard G. TRW Systems Group R4/1020 1 Space Pk. Redondo Beach, CA 90278 213-536-1193 Keller, John G., Ph.D. Med. Dept. Mobil Oil Oorp. 150 E. 42nd St. New York, NY 10017 Keller, Lawrence W. 4015 W.Benden Dr. Murrysville, PA 15668 (PPG Indus.) Kelley, William D. NIOSH 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, OH 45202 513-684-2535 Kelly, Harry J., Jr. Burlington Indus. P.O.Box 21327 Greensboro, NC 27420 77 383 Kelsen, K. Arthur 669 Kingswood Way Los Altos, CA 94022 (Lockheed Mis. Space Co.) 406-742-1215 Kendig, Maj. John F. 17720 Cliffbourne Ln. Mill Creek Towne Derwood. MO 20855 (USAF) Kenan, Richard C. 11823 Killian St. El Monte, CA 91732 (Los Angeles Cty. Hlth. Dept.) Ketcham, Arthur R. 4847 Cedarhurst Dr. Tolecki, OH 41613 (Owens-Illinois Tech. Ctr.) Ketcham, Newton H. 1919 Massey Cir. S.Charleston, WV 25303 (Union Carbide Oorp.) 304-747-4159 Ketchen, Eugene 654 Lakeshore Dr. Kingston, TN 37763 (Union Carbide Corp.) 615-483-8611,Ext. 1634 Kenline, Paul A., Ph.D. 4117 Amherst In. Raleigh, NC 27609 (USPHS) Kidd, Charles C., Ph.D. Olive-Harvey College 10001 S. Woodlawn Ave. Chicago, IL 60628 Kennebeck, Marvin E., Jr. 603 Camel Ct. Plover, MI 54467 (Sentry Ins.) 715-344-2345,Ext. 483 Killian, Charles B. 79 St. George St. Duxbury, MA 02332 (New England Nuclear Corp.) Kennedy, Janes L. 201 Ridge Rd. Bel Air, MD 21014 (USAEHA) Killiany, Stephen E., Jr. Shell Oil Co. 1500 Newell Ave. Walnut Creek, CA 94596 Kennedy, Nillian R., Jr. 48 Manhattan Loop Los Alamos, MM 87544 (Los Alamos Sci. Lab.) Kenney, Gary D. Kettering Lab. 3223 Eden Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45219 Killough, David T, Box 705 Schenectady, NY 12301 Kindsvatter, Victor H., Ph.D. 633 E. Main St. Moorestown, N J 08057 (Retired) 609-235-2190 Keplinger, Moreno L., Ph.D. Indus. Bio-Test Labs., Inc. 1810 Frontage Rd. Northbrook, IL 60062 King, Barry G., Ph.D. 13380 Caminito Mar Villa Del Mar, CA 92014 (Consultant) 714-755-7409 Keppler, J. Frederick 0SHA 46 E. Ohio St. Indianapolis, IN 46204 317-633-7384 Karfoot, Edward J. BASF Wyandotte Corp. Wyandotte, MI 48192 King, Roland W., Jr. 1075 Sweet Dr. San Jose, CA 95129 (Santa Clara Cty. Hlth. Dept.) Kingsley, Irving NY St. Labor Dept. Div. of Indus. Hyg. 80 Centre St. New York, NY 10013 78 Kingsley, Lt. Col. 861 Bob White Ln. Secane, PA 19018 (USAF) Willard E. Klascius, Alphonse 1553 Pueblo Dr. Glendale, CA 91207 (JEt Prop. Lab.) Kingsley, William H. 9630 Elvin, N.E. Albuquerque, NM 87112 (Sandia Corp.) 505-264-2735 Kinkead, Edwin R. Univ. of Calif. Overlook Branch P.O.Box 3067 Dayton, OH 45431 Kinoshita, Florence K., Ph.D. Indus. Bio-Test Lab., InC. 1810 Frontage Rd. Northbrook, IL 60062 Kinser, Richard E. Caterpillar Trac.Co.-Med. Dept 100 N.E. Adams St. Peoria, IL 61602 309-675-5315 Kipp, Ronald E. Continental Ins. Co. 333 Glen St. Glens Falls, NY 12801 Kirschner, Leon Indus. Hazard Analysis 7650 Lavergne Ave. Skokie, IL 60076 Kirwin, Carroll J., Jr. Gillette Med. Eval. Lab. 1413 Res. Blvd. Rockville, MD 20850 Kittilstad, Lt. Col. Owen H. HQ USAF (SGPP) Forrestal Bldg. Washington, DC 20314 Klein, Frank J. 7240 Bernard Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45231 (Turner Constr. Co.) Klevin, Paul B. 52 Ramson St. Valley Stream Long Island, NY 11580 (US Atomic Energy Comm.) `Kline, Hubert S. 6985 Mad River Rd. Dayton, OH 45459 Klinsky, Joseph W. 433 Elmridge Ave. Iowa City, Iowa 52240 (Univ. of Iowa) 319-338-3796 Kloos, Edwin J. US Burea of Mines 4800 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh, PA 15213 412-621-4500 Knarr, Robert L. 3082 Warrington Shaker Hts., OH 44120 (OSHA) Knauber, John W. Penn. Dept, of Hlth. P.O.Box 2063 Harrisburg, PA 17120 Knauss, Kenneth G. General Dynamics Elec. Boat Div. Eastern Pt. Rd. Groton, Ct 06340 Kittinger, Wilbur D. 3900 Dudley St. Wheatridge, CO 80033 (Dow Chem. Co.) Kitzer, R.G.,Jr. Westinghse. Adv. Reactors Div. Waltz Mill Site, Box 158 Madison, PA 15663 Kneessy, Alfred D., Lt. Col. U.S.A.E.H.A. Aberdeen Prv. Grd.,MD 21010 Kneip, Theodore J.,Ph.D. New York Univ. Med. Ctr., P.O.Box 817 Tuxedo, NY 10987 `Emeritus Member 79 in'' MT-PWHD-004366 Knight, Arthur L., M.D. 1070 Meigs St. Rochester, MV 14620 (Fiat-Allis Const. Mach., INC) 716-244-2628 Konopinski, Virgil J. 7903 S. 70th E. PI. Tulsa, OK 74133 (Wins. Bros. Waste Control) 918-585-2261 Knight, Franklin, Jr. Rt. 4, Hardage Dr. Marietta, GA 30060 Knight, Geoffrey Elliot Lake Lab. P.O.Box 100 Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada Kniseley, John M. J.M. Kniseley Eng. Corp. P.O.Box 807 H. Bend, WA 98045 Knowles, John 14860 Southfield Rd. Detroit, MI 48223 (Env. Hlth. Labs.) Knudsen, John F. 745 E. 3 Fountains Cir.*39 Murray, UT 84107 (Kennecott Copper) Kobrick, Thomas E. Bethlehem Mines Oorp. 701 E. 3rd St. Bethlehem, PA 18016 Kohlstaedt, Karl C., M.D. Eli Lilly Co. 740 S. Alabama St. Indianapolis, IN 46225 317-636-2211 Koketsu, Masao 1687 Curtner Ave. San Jose, CA 95125 (Santa Clara Cty. Hlth. Dept.) Kbngsiri, Likhit Ingersoll-Rand Co. Phillipsburg, NJ 08865 201-859-7240 (Conn, Walter H. 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Seattle, WA 98134 202-262-2780 Kusnetz, Howard L. Shell Oil Co. Rm. 1574, 1 Shell Plaza Houston, TX 77002 713-220-5604 Kwan, Byung K. 3200 Armory Ct. Fairfax, va 22030 Labauve, Joseph E. Exxon Corp. Petr. Prod. Lab. N. Baton Rouge, LA 70821 Labemik, Fred C. Minn. Dept, of Hlth. Univ. of Minn. Campus Minneapolis, MN 55440 Lachance, Maurice J. Quebec Asbestos Mining A P.O.Box 247 Thetford Mines P. Quebec, Canada Lacina, Francis J. 807 Fordsway Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 (TVA) LaFrance, Leo J. Union Carbide Corp. 270 Park Ave. New York, NY 10017 212-551-4788 Laham, Souheil, Ph.D. Dept, of Natl. Hlth. Welf. Tunney's Pasture Ottawa, Ontario, K1Z-SW3 663-992-9276 81 365 MT-PWHD-004367 Lainhart, william S., H.D. The Procter & Gamble Co. Ivorydale Tech. Ctr.,Rm.2S10 Cincinnati, OH 45217 Langner, Ralph R. Dow Chem. USA Bldg. 1803 Midland, MI 48640 Laitinen, Donald 0. Trow Hill RFD il Box 87 Cobble Hill Rd. Barre, VT 05641 (VT Div. of Occ. Hlth.) 802-476-3171 Lake, James W. 3820-76th Ave., S.E. 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OSHA 333 Queen St., Suite 505 Honolulu, HI 96813 Yamamoto, Yoneo 1418A S. 4th St. Alhambra, CA 91803 (L.A. Cty. Hlth. Dept.) Yanno, Frank J. 85 Ridgelea Ct. Rochester, NY 14615 (Eastman Kodak Co.) Yeager, David W. Kettering Lab. Eden & Bethesda Aves. Cincinnati, OH 45219 Emeritus Member Yeager, M.A. ASARCO 3422 S. 700 W. Salt Lake City, 801-262-2459 UT 84119 Yee, Hong Ton 3586 Kirkwood Rd. Columbus, OH 43227 (Ohio Dept, of Hlth.) Yoaxm, John E. The Res. Corp. of New England 125 Silas Deane Hwy. Wethersfield, CT 06109 Yoder, John D., D.Sc. Med. Dept. ITT Corp. 320 Park Ave. New York, NY 10022 Young, Jensen Bldg. 4 Lawrence Radiation Lab. Berkeley, CA 94720 Young, Robert L. Employers Ins. of Wausau 2000 Westwood Dr. Wausau, WI 54401 Young, Ronald J. NIOSH P.O.Bldg. Cincinnati, OH 45202.. Young, William C. Union Carbide Corp. P.O.Box 8004 ^ S. Charleston, WV 25: Yourt, G.R. 22 Ballyronan Rd. Don Mills, Ontario, M3B 1V5 Yu, Wen Chuan Exxon Chem. Co. P.O.Box 101 Florham Pk., NJ 07932 Yurgilas, Vincent A. 82 Woodycrest Ave. Southbridge, MA 01550 (Amer. Optical Co.) 129 389 Zaledonis, Charles E. Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ 07065 Zapp, John A., Jr. Ph.D. Haskell Lab. E.I.duPont de Nemours fc Co. Wilmington, DE 19898 302-366-3771 Zatek, Joseph E. Mine Safety Appli. Oo. 400 Penn Ctr. Blvd. Pittsburgh, PA 15235 412-241-5900 Zavron, Mitchell R., M.D. Ethyl Oorp. 451 Florida St. Baton Rouge, LA 70801 504-387-0131,Ext. 3853 Zens, Carl, M.D. Allis-Chalmere Mfg. Co. P.O.Box 512 Milwaukee, HI 53201 Ziegler, Lester W. 2456 Westminster Blvd. Windsor, Ontario N8T 1Y1 Zimber, Charles W. 6473 Devonwood Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45224 (G.E. Co.} Zimerman, Dallas D. 3M Co. , 3M Ctr. (220-2E) St. Paul, MN 55101 Zimmerman, Robert L. Phoenix Tech. Corp. 1949 Silvastone Dr. Decatur, GA 30033 Zirkes, A1 2571 Fenwick Rd. Univ. Hts., OH 44118 (ICN Pharmaceuticals, 216-831-3000) Inc.) Zolkos, Leonard M. Inland Steel Co. 3210 Watling St. E. Chicago, IN 46312 Zullo, Phillip Penn.Dept, of Env. Res. P.O.Box 2063 Harrisburg, PA 17120 Zuzik, Joseph B. Questor Corp. P.O.Box 965 Toledo, OH 43694 130 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS - JUNE 30, 1975 Adams, William G. 2100 Pond Fork Charleston, WV 25312 (OSHA) Adler, Robert G. Western Area Occ. Hlth. Lab. NIOSH 390 Wakara Way Salt Lake City, UT 84108 801-524-5287 Alexander, Cheri L. 1807 Pontiac Tr. Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Graduate Student) Alshallal, Mejren 918 S. State *104 Ann Arbor, MI 48104 Amato, Duane F. 6564 E. Michigan Ave. Saline, MI 48176 (Graduate Student) *8 Anderson, Gary J. 3206 Nobscott Dr. Indianapolis, IN 46222 (USDOL-OSHA) Anderson, Loren A. 220 Loraine Cincinnati, OH 45220 (Kettering Lab.) Anderson, Stanley E. Rohm & Haas Texas, Inc. P.O.Box 672 Deer Pk., TX 77536 713-479-2861,Ext. 214 Andrews, Leslie R. Union Carbide Corp. 270 Park Ave. New York, NY 10017 Antonson, Thomas F. Johns-Manville Corp. Greenwood Ave. Waukegan, IL 60085 Bahima, Jose Toha (Plan Nac. de Hig. y Segur- idad en el Trabajo) Ave. Kansas City P.O.Box 615 Sevilla, Spain Bailey, Gerald E. Boeing Aerospace Co. Org. 2-1836, M/S 4A-19 P.O.Box 3999 Seattle, WA 98124 206-655-2076 Balsamo, James J., Jr. Tulane Univ. Med. Ctr. 1430 Tulane Ave. New Orleans, LA 70112 Balya, Dennis R, Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. 71 Frankland Rd. Hopkinton, MA 01748 Bankovich, Paul W. The Goodyear T & R Co. 1144 E. Market St. Akron, OH 44316 216-794-4531 Bates, Thomas Kaiser Alum. Chem. Corp. 300 Lakeside Dr. Rm.762 Oakdale, CA 94612 Beckett, Thomas A. 4311 Brookside Irvine, CA 92705 (Philco Ford Corp.) 714-640-1500,Ext. 1421 Bell, R. Hays Dept, of Env. Itlth. Univ. of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH 45267 513-872-5766 Bellmar, Richard K. Colo. Dept, of Hlth. 4210 E. 11th St. Denver, CO 80220 390 131 "W f." ar i I i Blihar, Robert W. 26 Michael Or. Middletown, NJ 07748 (Century Systems Corp.) Bruce, James A. P.O.Box 122 Morgantown, GA 30560 (Cities Service Co.) Boley, Charles R. Bechtel Med. Dept. Alyeska Serv. ctr. Fairbanks, AK 99701 Brusk, Norman 22130 Church Oak Park, MI 48237 (Ford Motor Co.) Bolton, John D. Windabout Dr. Greenwich, CT 06830 (Stauffer Oiem. Co.) 203-226-1511,Ext. 2271 Bryant, Steve E. 133 Salmon Brook Dr. Glastonbury, CT 06033 (OSHA) 203-244-2294 Boundy Costa, Maryanne Gerard Harvard Schl. of Pub. Hlth. 665 Huntington Ave. Boston, MA 02115 617-734-3300,Ext.2119 Boyd, Clarence L, 5211 S. Bedford Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90056 Bundy, Stephen D. Rt. 2, Box 375 Chapel Hill, NC 27514 (Univ. of N. Carolina) Cacciotti, Joseph J. 9812 Fernleigh Dr. Richmond, VA 23235 (Phillip Morris Res. Ctr.) Breuer, Jerry A. Breuer Metal Craftsmen, 1640 N. Spring Beaver Dam, HI 53916 Inc. Cameron, David B. 7550 Claremont 2 Chicago, IL 60645 (Firemen's Fund Am. Ins. Co.) Briggs, Elaine S. 33 High St. Campbell, Donald w. Liberty Mut. Res. Ctr. Groton, CT 06340 71 Frankland Rd. (Gen. Dynamics-Elec. Boat Div.) Hopkinton, MA 01748 203-443-6282 Cant, Stephen M. Briggs, Terry M. Weyerhaeuser Co. 1085 Willow Ave. Lab. A Cincinnati, OH 45 246 P.O.Box 188 (Univ. of Cincinnati) Longview, WA 98632 206-425-2150,Ext. 1222 Brown, Frank 0., Jr. Kodak Pk. Bldg. 320 Caple, Rose M. Eastman Kodak Co. Repub. Steel Corp. Rochester, NY 14650 6801 Brecksville Rd. Independence, OH 44131 Brown, James E. 216-524-5100,Ext. 228 1413 Patricia Oklahoma City, OK 73127 Carlson, Paul (USDOL) 534 N. State St. Ann Arbor, MI 48104 Brown, Patricia S. (Geo. D. Clayton & Assoc.) 1620 Broadview Ave. Columbus, OH 44312 Carr, Thomas B., Jr. (State of Ohio) 37 N. Greenfield Ave. Hampton, VA 23666 (Newport News Ind. Corp.) 132 Chang, Peter Amer. Intemat'l Group 102 Maiden Lane New York, NY 10005 212-791-7729 Charman, Walter M. Oglebay Norton Co. 1200 Hanna Bldg. i Cleveland, OH 44115 216-861-3300 Chien, Paul T. Litton-Bionetics Inc. Frederick Cancer Res, Ctr. Frederick, MD 21701 301-663-7167 Childress, Emory R. J.P. Stevens t Co., Inc. P. O. Box 428 Piedmont, SC 29673 Clevenger, Wayne N. Union Carbide Corp. 75 Stylon Road Wayne, NJ 07407 Coenen, Peter L. 1134 Ferris Drive Novato, CA 94947 (LFE Env. Anal. Labs.) Cohen, Joel M. 135 N. South Drive Pittsburgh, PA 15219 (Alum. Co. of Amer.) 412-553-2306 Cohn, James R. 3701 Connecticut Ave.,NW Washington, D.C. 20008 (USDOL-OSHA) Connors, Michael G. 2600 Bushnell Ave., Apt. 21 Cincinnati, Ohio 45204 Cook, Dan D. 10051 E. 29th St. Tulsa, OK 74129 (OSHA) , Covan, James P. 15319 Torry Pines Houston, TX 77058 (Texas A t, M University) Covington, C. Jack Miss. State Brd. of Hlth. p. O. Box 1700 Jackson, MS 32905 601-982-6315 Cullen, Critz E. Eastman Kodak Co., Bldg. Rochester, HY 14650 716-458-1000 Ext. 85636 320 Dabney, Tom E. 4207 Boynton Houston, TX 77045 (Univ. of TX) Dailey, Kenneth D. 2341 Clyde Terrace Homewood, IL 60430 (Standard Oil) 312-856-5448 Damiano, Joseph 35 East Street Colonia, NJ 07067 (NJ Dept, of Labor Indus.) DeSantis, Rudolph V. Armco Steel Corp. Butler, PA 16001 DeVore, Robin K. 3410 Morningside NE Albuquerque, NK 87110 (OSHA) Dickinson, Clifford L. Haskell Lab. E.I. DuPont de Nemours Newark, DE 18903 302-366-3917 Die Goyanes, Carlos Alustante N 17 Madrid 2, Spain (Service Social de Med.) Dixon, Stephen W. 8 Wenark Dr., Apt. 12 Village Dandy Brae Newark, DE 19711 Dolan, Michael F. 3211 30th St. Apt. G35 Des Moines, IA 50310 (Iowa Dept, of Labor) Donahue, Michael R. Fireman's Fund Am. Ins. Co. P. O. Box 2519 Dallas, TX 75221 391 MT-PWHD-004393 Dufour, James T. P.O.Box 3521 Oak Ridge, TN 37830 (ERDA, Oak Ridge Operations) Evans, William A. 3253 Morrison, Apt. 408 Cincinnati, OH 45220 513-751-5303 Dungey, Curtis E. Eyres, Alan R. ASAROO Mobile Serv. Co., Ltd. 3422 S. 700 W. Res. & Tech. Serv. Lab. Salt Lake City, UT 84119 Coryton Stanford-Le-Hope Durham, Hark F. 460 Locust Awe. Essex, SSI79LN, England Philadelphia, PA 19144 Farmer, B.Craig (Penn. Dept, of Labor-OSHA) 2426 Unity Ave., N. Golden Valley, MN 55422 Durio, Lawrence R. (Travelers Ins. Co.) 305 Jones Ave. Warrensburg, MO 64093 Fedoronko, Conrad (Central M0. St. Univ.) 13870 Hamilton Rd. Riverview, MI 48192 Eident, Christopher J. (Inti, union, UAW) 25 Broad St. Ext. Apt.B-3-16 Croton, CT 06340 Flannery, Deborah A. (Gen. Dynamics) Inti. Bus. Machines 203-446-2778 740 New Circle Rd. Lexington, KY 40507 Eilers, Annette J. 606-233-3283 Procter < Gamble Cellufosf Ltd. Postal Bag 1020 Grande Prairie, Alberta Flores-Pereita, Pedro Marques de Nervion N110 T8V, 3A9 Sevilla 5, Spain 403-532-9400,Ext.103 (Plan Nac. de Hig. y Seguridad en el Trabajo) Eissler, Albert H. Geo. D. Clayton A Assoc. Franklin, Alexander 25711 Southfield Rd. 168 Oakwood Ave. Southfield, MI 48075 Toronto, Ontario M6E 2T9 (Self-employed) Ellis, William D. Maryland Dept, of Licensing Frazee, Patrick R. A Regulations Gen. Motors Corp. 203 E. Baltimore St. 3-229 R.A.B. Baltimore, MD 21201 12 Mile Mound Rds. Warren, MI 48090 Ellringer, Paul J. Minn. Dept, of Hlth. Funk, Stanley W. 717 Delaware St., S.E. Rt. 1, Box 139A Minneapolis, MN 55440 Coyle, OK 73027 (Liberty Mut. Ins. Co.) Ellyson, Robert M. Box 4 Garcia-Sharp, Frank J. Whitter, IA 52360 (Rockwell Inti.) Union Carbide Caribe, Inc. Box 964 Ponce, PR 00731 El-Maguid, Ahmed A. 1175 Norwood Dr. Gardner, Nathan K. Beaumont, TX 77706 Diamond Shamrock Chem. Co. (Grad. Student) 1901 Spring St. Redwood City, CA 94063 415-369-0017 134 Gauger, Geroge W. P.O.Box 1532 Balboa, Canal Zone (Panama Canal Co.) Gempel, Robert F. Harvard Schl. of Pub. Hlth. 665 Huntington Ave. Boston, MA 02115 617-734-3300,Ext. 527 Gies, Richard T. Caterpillar Tractor Co. 100 N.E. Adams AB/SL-C Peoria, IL 61603 309-675-5462 Gill, Brent H. Dixie Yarns, Inc. P.O.Box 750 Chattanooga, TN 37401 615-698-2501,Ext. 318 Glazier, Daniel P. 1539 Emmons Birmingham, MI 48008 (Chrysler Corp.) Godette, Edith 62 Varnum St., N.E. Washington, DC 20010 (OSHA) Godfrey, Edwin K. Union Carbide Corp. P.O.Box 186 Port Lavaca, TX 77979 Goyda, Michael F. 2544 Eastgate Rd. Toledo, OH 43614 (State of Ohio) Apt. 6 Grant, Robert K. 4407 Sunnyside Ave., N. Seattle, WA 98103 (Univ. of Washington) 206-632-6203 Grasso, Harvey D. Naval Regional Med. Ctr. Civilian Disp. Code 725 Mare Isl. Naval Shipyd. Vallejo, CA 94592 Green, Jeffrey D. Eng. Dept. Travelers Ins. Co. 811 E. Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukee, WI 53202 - Gregory, Earl D. State of Ohio 1240 E. 9th St. Rm. 847 Cleveland, OH 44114 Gresham, Ralph B. Canadian Johns-Manville Co.,Ltd Box 1500 Asbestos, Quebec Gruenwald, Guillermo J.S. 334 S. Hobart Blvd. Apt. 21 Los Angeles,CA 90020 (Fireman's Fund) llagwood, Phillip E. 5 Oak Grove Mobile Pk. Chapel Hill, NC 27514 (Univ. of N. Carolina) Hahn, Kolman J. 1164 McIntyre Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Grad. Student) Hall, James J., Ill 2690 Lake St., #228 Lake Charles, LA 70601 Hallstein, Roger E. 213 N. University Normal, IL 61761 Halphen, Charles E. Dow Chem. Co. P.O.Box 150 Plaquemine, LA 70764 Hamilton, E. Kingdon 26 Seward Dr. Dix Hills, NY 11746 (Pfizer, Inc.) Haning, Jack M. OSHA Rm. 514 Petroleum Bldg 420 S. Boulder Tulsa, OK 74101 Harbison, Joe G., Jr. P.O.Box 519 Copperhill, TN 37317 (Cities Service Co.) Harris, Patrick J. 3232 Bardaville St. #2 Lansing, MI 48906 (White Pine Copper Co.) 135 392 MT-PWHD-004394 Harrison, Jose R. 18605 NE 165 St. Woodinville, WA 98106 (Gen. Contr. Co.) Hartmann, Kipp W. Rm. 114 Carlton Ter. 920 S. Jefferson St. Roanoke, VA 24016 703-343-0434 Bldg. Hodgins, Jasper C., Jr. US-TVA River Oaks Bldg. Sheffield, AL 35660 205-383-4631,Ext.311 Howard, James L. Armco Steel Corp. Middletown Works Middletown, OH 45043 Hayes, George 0., Jr. 3430 Velma Dr. Powder Springs, GA 30073 (GA. Power Co.) Howarth, Dean F. 2411-34th St. Des Moines, IA 50310 (Employers Mut. Ins. Co.) Heim, Nilliam L. 218 S. Kipling Apt. 202 St. Paul, MN 55119 (3M Co.) Hunt, Christopher L. Union Carbide Corp. P.O.Box X Oak Ridge, TO 37830 Henshaw, John L. Monsanto Co. 800 Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, M0 63166 Hussain, Kazi F. 115 Broad Apt. C Warrensburgh, M0 64093 (Metro. Inst, of Comm. Serv.) Herron, Steven D. OSHA 5521 Paikhill Ct. Baton Rouge, LA 70816 Hynes, George M. 39 Bay State Ave. Tewksbury, MA 01876 (Fireman's Fund Am. Ins. Co.) Hester, Carolyn R. 617-742-5200 Union Carbide Corp. P.O.Box 471 Texas City, TX 77590 Ige, Jordan T. 1836-A Palolo Ave. Honolulu, HI 96816 Hickey, John L.S. (Univ. of Hawaii) 2456 Sedgefield Dr. i Chapel Hill, NC 27514 (Grad. Student) Inglis, Robert H., Jr. Repub. Steel Corp. P.O.Box 700 Himmelsbach, Bernard Canton, OH 44708 543 S. Division Apt. 2 Ann Arbor, MI 48104 Isaacs, Fred, Jr. (Grad. Student) 106 Slateford Farm Cir. Union, OH 45322 Hinterman, Ralph H. (Ohio Dept, of Ind. Relatns) 23433 S. Western Apt. H-93 Park Forest, IL 60466 (Grad, student) Jewett, William R. 4206 W. 73rd St. Prairie Village, KS 66208 Hochstrasser, John M. (Portland Cement Co.) 4881 Jessup Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45239 (Kettering Lab.) Joseph, Fred E., Jr. 6 Birchwood Rd. Methuen, MA 01844 (Grad. Student) 136 Kawahara, Barbara L. Tabershaw-Cooper Assoc., P.O.Box 772 Berkeley, CA 94701 415-845-3355 Inc. Keith, John B. Rohm & Haas Co. P.O.Box 1559 Louisville, KY 40201 Kelton, Stanton C., Jr. Rohm Haas Co. Independence Mall, W. Philadelphia, PA 19105 215-592-2952 Kilgore, William B. 1515 Ridge *254 Ypsilanti, MI 48917 (Ford Motor Co.) Kirwan, Nancy Ann Western Elec. Co. P.O.Station B Kenmore, NY 14217 Knutson, Gerhard W. 5600 Sheridan Ave., S. Minneapolis, MN 55410 (Univ. of Minnesota) Kominsky, John R. 6808 Leeds Ln. W. Cincinnati, OH 45215 (State of Ohio) Kooiman, Abraham M. 6210 Crathie Ln. Washington, DC 20016 (OSHA) Koonce, George R. 319 8th St., S.E. Minneapolis, MN 55414 (Minn. Dept, of Hlth.) Kotrla, Claren J. 8309 Shenandoah Dr. Austin, TX 78753 Kugler, David J. ft09 Parkfield Ter. Manchester, MO 63011 (Liberty Mut. Ins. Co.) Labbauf, Abbas 6938 Meade St. Pittsburgh, PA 15208 (Penn. State Univ.) 412-362-4100 Lancour, Gerald W. 71-37 Farrow Kansas City, KS 66109 (Owens Corning Fiberglas) 913-334-0208 Lamport, Dennis R. Esployers Mut. Co. P.O.Box 712 Des Moines, IA 50303 Landis, Stevaa 0. 10501 Blakewood Dr. Concord, TO 37720 Larson, Stephen R. Cargill, Inc. Cargill Bldg. Minneapolis, MN 55402 Laszcz, Christine L. 1801 Shoreline Dr. #301 Alameda, CA 94501 (US ERDA) 415-273-7963 Lawson, Douglas R. 423 Lawrence Rd. AptTrenton, NJ 08638 (Western Elec. Co.) 707 Lee, Linnie K. Gen. Dynamics Convair Div. P.O.Box 80877 San Diego, CA 92138 714-296-6611.Ext.1797 Lee, Martin Chee Kong Esso Asia Serv., Inc. P.O.Box 2824 Singapore, Rep. of Singapore Lee, Roger K. 840 Trillium Pk. Apt. 502 Sarnia, Ontario (Dow Chem. Co.) Lee, William L. 6204 Breezewood Dr. Apt. 103 Creenbelt, MD 20770 137 393 uooi MT-PWHD-004395 Leiner, Ronald S. MacPherson, Finlay F. 4941 Invemes 206 Smith St. Ft. Worth, TX 76132 (Gen. Dynamics) Cassiar, British Columbia VOC 1EQ (Cassiar Asbestos Oorp., Ltd) Lencioni, Nathan M. 604-778-7435,Ext.218 2325 N. Moonlite Dr. Las Begas, NV 89110 Mahlberg, Craig D. (Reynolds Elec, A Eng. CO.) 425 13th Ave., S.E.Apt.1103 Minneapolis, MN 55414 Levy, Beth S.B. (Minn. Dept, of Hlth.) 571 Howell Ave. 612-296-5345 Cincinnati, OH 45220 (Agatha Corp.) Maidment, Howard Indusmin. Ltd. Locke, Daniel K. 365 Bloor St.,E. Suite 200 4647 1st Ave., N.E. Toronto, Ontario Seattle, WA 98225 206-632-0472 Mannion, Cathie M. 220 Columbia Dr. 127 Lockington, John N. Cape Canaveral, FL 32920 Dominion Foundries A Steel Box 460 Terminal A Hamilton, Ontario Marti, Antonio V. C/Valencia 19, 5, 3a 416-544-3761,Ext.3422 Barcelona 15, Spain (Hig. y Segurldad en el Lubocynski, F. Thomas Trabajo) USAF Med. Ctr. SGB Wright-Patteraon Mattick, John J. AFB.OII 45433 4525 W. Twain *18 Luchtefeld, Paul H, Las Vegas, NV 89103 (REE Co.) 509A 2222 Fuller Rd. Ann Arbor, Ml 48105 Mattioli, Leon A. (Grad. Student) Allied Cheat. Corp. Baker A Adamson Works Lucio, Doane F. Wilmington Turnpike 613 Joaquin Dr. Marcus Hook, PA 19061 Sonoma, CA 95476 (Fireman's Fund Aster. Ins. Co) Mattox, Paul US Naval Hosp. Box 18 i Lunn, Jerry D. i Monsanto Co. i Nitro, WV 25143 Rota, Spain Prevmed. Serv. FPO, New York, 09540 Maxson, Ray M. Lutts, William L.,Jr. Dow Corning Corp. Liberty Mut.Ins. Co. S. Saginaw Rd. 2530 Walnut Hill Ln. Midland, Ml 48640 Dallas, TX 75062 517-636-8128 214-350-7611 McKee, Douglas MacLeod, Donald F. 122 Lehman Ave. 1043 Parker Bowling Green, OH 43402 Detroit, MI 48214 (OSHA) (United Auto Workers) 138 # McKusick, Blaine C. 1101 N. Broom St. Wilmington, DE 19806 (E.I.duPont de Nemours i 302-366-3476 Co.) Miele, Michael L. Wine Creek Apts. 12-E Birch Ln. Oswego, NY 13126 Milazzo, Dominic 7716 Owensmouth Ave. Canoga Pk., CA 91303 (Calif. Casualty Indem. Exch.) Miller, Gordon C. Carolina Apt. C-2 Carrboro, NC 27510 919-967-5388 Miller, Robert W. MDA Scientific 808 Busse Hwy Park Ridge, IL 60068 Nash, Robert B., Jr. 338 Ridgewood Rd. Rt. Wadsworth, OH 44281 (B.F.Goodrich Co.) 1 Nawakowski, Aleksandra 29A-2105 Eastlawn Dr. Midland, MI 48640 (Dow Chem. Corp.) Nelson, James H. Univ. of Utah 520 Wakara Way Salt Lake City, UT 84108 Newman, Phillip 5008 Beckley Ave. Woodland Hills, CA 91364 (Grad. Student) Ng, Richard Bethlehem Steel Corp. Env. Quality Control Bethlehem, PA 18016 215-694-4285 Mirowitz, Stuart R. 75-25 210 St. Bayside, NY 11364 (NY Univ. Med. Ctr.) Niemann, Jeffrey K. Kaiser Alum. A Chem. Corp P.O.Box 98 Ravenswood, WV 26164 Misiaszek, Alan C. Olin Corp. Env. Hyg. Services 275 Winchester Ave. New Haven, CT 06504 Montero, Emil E. 19555 SW Jaylee Aloha, OR 97005 (Fireman's Fund Am. In6 Co.) Mosher, Gary E. 20084 Burgess Detroit, MI 48129 (Grad. Student) Null, David Rt.4, Box 167 Rigby, ID 83442 (Grad. Student) O'Brien, Michael J. 1031 Martin Dr. *210 Ann Arbor, HI 48105 (Grad. Student) Olguin, Jorge C. Haskell Lab. E.I.duPont de Nemours Co. Wilmington, DE 19898 302-366-6128 Murphy, Mary K. 1019 E. 109th Ter. Kansas City, M0 64131 (Grad. Student) Olmstead, Gary W. Kettering Lab. 3223 Eden Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45267 Nagle, George S. Standard Oil Co.(Ind.) Mail Code 3803 200 E. Randolph Dr. Chicago, IL 60601 Oppelt, William G. Dow Coming Corp. Mail 124, S. Saginaw Rd. Midland, MI 48640 139 394 0^ MT-PWHD-004396 i> H # ii # Ortiz, Everett M. 441 W. Oakdale St. Chicago, IL 60657 (USDOL-OSHA) Pattee, Harry E. Battelle Mem. Inst. 505 King Ave. Qolumbus, OH 43201 Paulus, Patricia A. 4S26 Pleasant Ave., S. Minneapolis, MN 55409 (Grad. Student) Peck, Robert C., Jr. Ansul Co. 1 Stanton St. Marinette, MI 54143 Persky, William H. Occ. Hlth. Safety Inst. Ind. Eng. Dept. Texas A M Univ. College Stn., TX 77B43 Phillips, Stanleigh H. 1223 Eamestine St. McLean, VA 22101 (Newport News Ind. Oorp.) Pickle, Joe D. 4815 Chilton Dr. Dallas, TX 75227 (Continental Ins. Co.) Pitcher, J.R. Honeywell, Inc. . Mail Stn. H2721 600 2nd St. Hopkins, MN 55343 Platt, Robert L. Iowa Bur. of Labor E. 7th Ct. Des Moines, IA 50319 Ploss, F. David Norton Oo. 1 New Bond St. Worcester, MA 01606 1 Poblete, Rudolph G. 1897 W. Maumee Apt. A7 Adrian, MI 49221 (Kewaunee Sci. Equip. Corp .) Poosch, Michael S. 341 W. St. Clair St. Romeo, MI 48065 (Macomb Cty. Hlth. Dept.) 313-752-7458 Pouliot, Stuart H. 6929 Starview Ct. Richmond, VA 23225 (Western Elec. Co.) Price, James H. 2712 E. Towers Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45238 (Kettering Lab.) Proskie, Kenneth G. 1241 H. Diversy Chicago, IL 60614 (Grad. Student) Puhala, Edward S. 5251 Somerset Detroit, MI 48224 (St. John Hosp.) Pulket, Chompsukadi 2910 Sawyer Hall *901 Scioto St. Cincinnati, OH 45219 (Fac. of Pub. Hlth., Mahidol Univ., Thailand) Ranken, Emily A. US Army MEDDAC Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013 717-245-4510/4566 Ransdell, Jerry D. 8200 Broadway #706 Houston, TX 77017 (Shell Oil Co.) 713-220-5056 Ribot-Sanchez, Luis (Plan Nac. de Hig. y Seguridad en el Trabajo) Pza. Eusebio Guell, 8 Barcelona, Spain Richardson, Carl D. Brown Root, Inc. P.O.Box 3 Houston, TX 77001 140 # Richmond, Bradford S. 3655 Broderick, Apt. #206 San Francisco, CA 94123 (State Comp. Ins. Fund) 415-861-1022,Ext. 530 Riveira, Vicente C/Lopez de Hoyos, 66 Madrid 2, Spain Rivetna, Rohinton M. 626 W. 56th St. Hinsdale, IL 60521 (Natl. Can Corp.) 312-284-4000 Roberts, John T., Jr. 101 Carolina St. Blacksburg, SC 29702 (Intex Prods., Inc.) 803-839-6866 Rodriguez-Acosta, Jose F. Jorge Juan, 64 Madrid 9, Spain (Plan Nac. de Hig. y Se guridad del Trabajo) Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Jose M. Otero Delage 43 Madrid 9, Spain (Plan Nac. de Hig. y Se guridad del Trabajo) Ruby, Darrel L. 414 E. 18th St. Sioux Falls, ND 57104 (OS HA) Rumme, Diane K. 4600 Lockner Dr. #8 Spring Pk. Des Moines, IA 50322 (Iowa Bur. of Labor) Rushfeldt, Victor L. Employers Ins. of Wausau 7450 France Ave., S. Minneapolis, MN 55435 Russell, Clyde L. Repub. Steel Corp. 301 Republic Bldg. Cleveland, OH 44101 Salisbury, Stanley A. 412 W. Gay Warrensburg, M0 64093 (USAF) Sarvadi, David G. The Sherwin-Williams Co. 1450 Terminal Tower Rm.37 Cleveland, OH 44101 Schauder, Andrew G. 5200 Anthony Wayne Dr.Apt.701 Detroit, MI 48202 (Dept, of Occ. Env. Hlth.) Schmidt, Richard R. Armco Steel Corp. P.O.Box 96120 Houston, TX 77015 Schoen, Russell J. G.E. Co. Appliance Pk., Bidg. 35 Rm.1101 Louisville, KY 40225 Schulz, Harvey R. 804 Eagle Pass Bryan, TX 77801 (Texas ASM Univ.) Sebesta, Stephen J. 20370 Lunn Rd. Strongsville, OH 44136 (Malccm Pimie, Inc.) Shaffer, Thomas C. 10 Brookfield Rd. Upper Montclair, NJ 07043 (The Continental Ins. Co.) Shepler, T.W. 1342 Steese Rd. Uniontown, OH 44685 (B.F.Goodrich Co.) 216-379-4224 Shoop, David T. Employers Mut. Co's. 4660 Beechnut Rm. 208 Houston, TX 77035 Shurts, James A. Exxon Nuclear Co., Inc. 2101 Horn Rapids Rd. Richland, WA 99452 141 395 MT-PWHD-004397 Simmons, Rodney J. 10429 Amwood Rd. Lakeview Ter., CA 91342 (Calif. St. Univ. -Northridge) 213-885-3381 Skinner, Raymond L 3738 Pope Dr. Corpus Christie, TX 78411 (OSHA) 512-888-3257 Slavin, Thomas J. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 21040 Greenfield Rd. Detroit, MI 48237 Smahlik, Henry J. Rt. 1, Box 34 Columbus, TX 78934 (Texas ASM Univ.) 713-693-3248 Smith, Donald W. Pratt t Lambert Inc. P.O.Box 22 Buffalo, NY 14240 Snodgrass, Lowell E. Ferro Corp. 7050 Krick Rd. Bedford, OH 44146 Snyder, John P. OSHA 802 Jonnet Bldg. Monroeville, PA 15146 Snyder, Philip J. 1861 Shirley Ln., C4 Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (Grad. Student) Snyder, Thomas M. Deere 4 Co. John Deere Rd. Moline, IL 61265 309-792-6674 Spencer, Howard W. 1401 FM 2818 Apt. 263 College Stn., TX 77840 (Texas ASM univ.) Stobbe, Terrence J. 2835 Yarmouth Hay San Ramon, CA 94583 (Standard Oil Co. of Calif.) Stockton, Steven D. US Steel Corp. Rm. 2519-600 Grant St. Pittsburgh, PA 15230 Strelecki, Ronald R. 11 Bell Ave. Pittsburgh, PA 15205 (Harbison-Halker Co.) Stricoff, R.Scott 120 Madison Ave. Arlington, MA 02174 (Arthur D. Little, Inc.) Sullivan, Joseph M. 708 Greenwood Pk. Harrensburg, MO 64093 (Grad. Student) Swanson, Frank A. Fireman's Fund Am. Ins. 4 Penn Ctr. Plaza Philadelphia, PA 19103 215-587-2268 Co. Talley, Kenneth R. Rt. 5, Box 139 Harrensburg, MO 64093 (Grad. Student) Tancous, John H. 3060 Ramona Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45211 (Grad. Student) Terlecki, James E. P.O.Box 98 Hinn, MI 48896 (Dow Chem. Co.) Terlep, Richard F. 711 Reynolds Pontiac, MI 48054 (Oakland cty. Hlth, Dept.) Thomas, Frank C. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. 1718 Peachtree Rd., N.U. Atlanta, GA 30302 Thorne, Jerry T. 1709 Hargrove St. 14 Antioch, CA 94509 (Crown-Zellerbach Co.) 142 Tillotson, Michael R. Dept, of Env. Qual. Programs Ferris State College Swan 305 Big Rapids, MI 49307 Toney, Charles R. Bendix Launch Supp. Div. 1355 N. Atlantic Ave. Cocoa Beach,FL 32931 Haclawski, Edward J. 408 Locust Dr. Utica, NY 13502 (Utica Mut. Ins. Co.) Hatts, J.David Ethyl Corp. 451 Forida Blvd. Baton Rouge, LA 70801 504-348-0131,Ext.3858 Tovatt, Gerald L. Continental Ins. Co. 360 W. Jackson Chicago, IL 60606 Heingast, Joel M. 405 Great Rd. Acton, MA 01720 (Liberty Mut. Ins. Co.) Uhlar, Richard A. 2701 E. Towers Dr. #508 Cincinnati, OH 45238 (OSHA) Hheater, Robert H. Amer. Med. Assoc. 535 N. Dearborn St. Chicago, IL 60610 Vaughan, Allen D. Standard Oil Co. 200 E. Randolph Dr. Mail Code 3803 Hiehrdt, William Q. 2414 Dell Zell Dr. Indianapolis, IN 46204 (OSHA) Chicago, IL 60601 Hilliamson, Glen R. Vegella, Thomas 18 Raddin's Grove Ave. Lynn, MA 01905 11421 N. May St.-Apt.D Oklahoma City, OK 73120 (OSHA) (MA Div. of Occ. Med.) Wilson, James C. Veigel, C. Harding, Ph.D. Rohm & Haas Co. 3601 Barcroft View Ter. Apt.204 5000 Richmond St. Bailey's Cross Rds.,, VA 22041 Philadelphia, PA 19137 Venturo, Renzo Kodak Pk. Bldg. 320 Eastman Kodak Co. Rochester, NY 14650 Vila, Ramon V. Avda. Reina Mercedes 19-C Sevilla, Spain (Plan Nac. de Hig. y Seguridad del Trabajo) Voborsky, Robert C. 5171 N. 107th St. Milwaukee, HI 53225 (Limnetics, Inc.) Voytko, Robert A. 3830 Main St. Apt. 1 Mineral Ridge, OH 44440 (Repub. Steel Corp.) Hong, Ben 513 Ridgewood Blvd.Apt. Lansing, MI 48910 (State of Michigan) Wong, Kenneth Kam Chuei The Worker's Comp. Brd. of Brit. Columbia 5255 Heather St. Vancouver, British Colum Hood, Richard D. 2717 S. Hacker Rd. Brighton, MI 48116 (Env. Hlth. Labs.) 313-626-2426 Wright, UBha 7300 Dartford Dr. McLean, VA 22101 (Grad. Student) Apt. 8 143 396 Yin, Nick D. 11010 Vanderford Houston, TX 77072 (Kelsey-Seybold Clinic) Zaebst, Dennis D. 29111 Franklin Hills Dr. *202 Southfield, MI 48076 (Geo. D. Clayton 4 Assoc.) STUDENT MEMBERS - JUNE 30, 1975 Brovin, Roger L. #6 Coburn Ln. Whitewater, WI 53190 414-473-2701 Johnston, Foster 17830 Sherman Way Apt.335 Reseda, CA 91335 Kersten, Ronald M., Jr. 218 N. Lawndale Ave. Minneapolis, MN 46224 Lawrence, Clarence P. 660 Adams St. Apt. 3 Fairborn, OH 45324 513-879-2328 Nusbaum, Victor A. Messiah College Grantham, PA 17027 Pollock, Richard A. Box 378 Whitewater, WI 53190 Schaub, Amy A. 912 woodside, S.E. N. Canton, OH 44720 Skan, Maryellen 138 Lockerbie Ln. Wilmette, IL 60091 312-251-9290 Swigert, William G. 1379P Sharondale Cir. Ferguson, M0 63155 145 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MEMBERSHIP By States ALABAMA (20) CALIFORNIA (225) Backes, James M. Broussard, Dalton J. Edwards, Moyer B. Frey, John W. Hodgins, Jasper C.,Jr. Holt, Grady L. Lacina, Francis J. Laseter, William R. McKay, Douglas L. Rainey, Robert S. Riley, Paul E. Sharpe, James E. Stefanec, Anthony J. Sykes, William K. Terry, James P. Thuss, William G.,M.D.,D.Sc. Trayer, David M. Walters, Ralph E. Whitworth, Jack W., M.D. Wyatt, George I. ALASKA (2) *Boley, Charles R. Olsen, Donald R. ARIZONA (11) Ahearn, William C. Colman, Hugh C. Evans, Mobley D.,Ph.D. Kary, Raymond E.,Ph.D. Keane, William T.,D.Sc. Morrill, E.Elbridge, Jr. Patty, Frank A. Ramaley, Thomas R. Schnell, Edward E. Spencer, H.C., Ph.D. Wilson, Lynn tf. ,Ph.D. ARKANSAS (4) Anderson, Kim E. Goodwin, John W. Jenson, John M. Russell, Major Harry C. Adame, Jack L. Allan, Ralph E. Applegate, Wilson C. Archer, Robert J. Bachman, James M. Baietti, Albert L. Ballou, E.Vernon Balzer, J. Leroy, Ph.D. Barte, Lewis C. Barrett, Harry G. Bartlett, Jay P., M.D. Bates, Thomas Beard, Rodney R., M.D. Beck, Rainer, Ph.D. `Beckett, Thomas A. Bitter, William I. Blocker, Hyman Blum, Dwain E.,Ph.D. Boettcher, Paul C. Boston, Lester E.,Jr..Major Boyd, Clarence L. Breen, Leonard J. Brown, A. Robert Brown, Harold V. Bryan, Fred A., M.D. Calvert, Seymour, Ph.D. Campbell, Raymond O. Chang, Hsing-Chi Channell, Lynn R.,Lt.,Col. Cheney, Thomas M. Cheng, Robert Ta-Chun, Sc.D. Clayton, Florence Clayton, George D. Coenen, Peter L. Cohen, Jerry J. Cohen, Kenneth S. Collin, Marcel G. Conklin, David L. Conway, R. Earle Cooper, W. Clark, M.D. Cralley, Lester V., Ph.D. Culver, Benjamin D.,M.D. Cuykendall, Paul R. Davis, Douglas J., Capt. Davis, Stephen C. Dennerline, Richard L. Devlin, Thomas K. Diamond, Philip Discher, David P., M.D. Associate Grade 146 CALIFORNIA (continued) Dolliver, Richard E. Drake, George E. Dryden, Stanley L. Easley, Charles W. Ebersole, Edward W. Einert, Amy Christine,M.D Eisen, Jerome Elias, Theodore J. Ellis, Kensworth P. Eneidi, Walter L. Feldstein, Milton Felton, Theodore A. Felton, J.S., M.D. Ficklin, Joseph B. Finn, John Flinn, Robert H.,M.D. Florky, Gordon R. Flowers, Earl S. Forrester, Thomas I. Foster, F.James Fowler, Douglas P. Friedman, William J. Garber, Brad T. Gardner, Nathan K. Gerlach, Lawrence A.,M.D. Going, David L. Gokelman, John J.,Major Grasso, Harvey D. Graul, Robert J. Gromachey, Lawrence E. Gruenwald, Guillermo J.S. Habermeyer, John G. Hagan, Nancy S. Hallesy, Duane W.,Ph.D. Hauger, Louis S. Held, Bruce J. Helgeson, George L. Hickey, Edward C. High, Marvin D. Hill, Richard M. Hine, C.H.,M.D.,Ph.D. Hodge, Harold C.,Ph.D. Hodnick, Harold V. Holbrook, Larry L. Holland, Walter llollett, Bruce A. Hooghkirk, Donald P. Hove, Dale M. Hughes, James P.,M.D. Johnson, Douglas L. Johnson, James S. Johnston, Foster Jones, Charles R. ,Capt. Judd, Stanley H. Kandel, David A. Kane, Donald A.,Capt. Kawahara, Barbara L. Kelleher, Richard G. Kelsen, Arthur K. Kenen, Richard C. Killiany, Stephen E., Jr. King, Barry G.,Ph.D. King, Roland W., Jr. Klascius, Alphonse F. Koketsu, Masao Kossack, William C. LaRiviera, Phillip D. Laszcz, Christine L. Lee, Linni K. Levens, Ernest Lewis, Hallet A.,M.D. Lewis, Leon, M.D. Lieberman, Alvin Lipera, Joe Lowe, Alan E. Lucio, Doane E. McDermott, Henry J. MoKams, James S. McMillan, Richard E. Manning, Sheldon H. Marlow, David I. Martin, Zane H. Maykoski, Robert T. Medina, Anastacio G. Mendell, H. Robert Milazzo, Dominic Mira, Anthony A., M.D. Montgomery, Ronald G. Moore, Rex W. Moss, Vladimir Mukai, Mitsugi Murrow, Jack L. Neel, Michael A. Nelson, Gary 0. Newell, Gordon W., Ph.D. Newman, Phillip Notani-Sharma, Prem, D.Ph. Qberg, Maurice C. Ott, Ronald R. Owens, Robert J. Padilla, Miguel Palun, Alexander Persoff, Richard Peterson, John A., M.D. Phillips, Ronald D. Associate Grade Student Grade 147 393 CALIFORNIA (continued) Pitchforth, Lehi L., Jr. Trommershausen, A.J. Plunkett, E.R., M.D. Unmack, James L. Pogrund, Robert S.,Ph.D. Van Sandt, Walter A. Popendorf, William J. Vortouni, Leo Port, Eugene A. Walker, Thomas J. Proctor, Nick H. Walworth, Herbert T. Psathas, John G. Washkuhn, Jack W. Reich, Arthur R. Wayne, Lowell G., Ph.D. Reischl, Uwe, Ph.O. Weaver, James H. Richmond, Bradford S. Weinberg, Carl J., Col. Roddy, Earle L. Weinstock, Alex Rogers, Jack C. Weiss, Herbert V., Ph.D. Roncetti, Peter H. Wennemann, Roy H. Roaati, Guido J. Wolf, William J. Rummerfield, Philip S..O.SC. Yaffe, Charles D. Rush, Donald Yamamoto, Yoneo Salazar, Alfredo Sapp, Loren W. Young, Jensen Schmelzer, Lawrence L. COLORADO (39) Schneider, Meier Seto, Ceorge Angell, Otis H. Shahid, Rafat A. Appelbaum, Jerry J. Sherman, George A. Bank, Walter Shingler, Larry H. Bellmar, Richard K. Shiroma, Paul T. Bertinuson, Janet R. Shone, Lloyd B., M.D. Sidlow, Anthony J. Simmons, Rodney J. Sinead, Major Philip E. Smith, Lt. Col. Billy S. Smith, David R. Bocim, Warren T. Bokowski, Dale L. Brennan, Ray A. Bryson, Andrew L. Buchan, Roy M., D.Ph. Burtan, Rupert C., M.D. Smith, Evelyn J. Chmielowiec, Prank V. Sobol, Oscar J. Christensen, Denny R. Spear, Robert C. Spence, John A., Ph.D. COnti, T.J. Dreier, Arnold C. Spence, Robert W. Spielman, Howard B. Fehringer, M. Renee Ferguson, James T. Spies, Wendell E. Steffan, William W. Hill, John E. Hilmes, Howard J. Sterner, J.H., M.D. . Hobbs, Parrel D. Stobbe, Terrence J. Kittinger, Wilbur D. Stone, Jack H. Sutay, Capt. Robert J. Swann, Henry E.,Jr., Ph.D. Leigh, Jack D. McGilvray, William A. Naiman, Theodore S. Sweigart, Marlin L. Pate, John B. Taloff, Paul Pettit, Capt. Robert A. Theep, Raymond J. Pickersgill, Joseph A. Thienes, Clinton H., M.D. ,Ph.D.Putzier, Edward A. Thomson, James L. Rabius, J. Larry Thome, Jerry T. Reitze, William B. Tom, Baldwin Reno, Stanley J. Tomer, George M. Searle, Ronald J. Toten, Theodore J. Stellman, Jeanne M., Ph.D. Associate Grade Student Grade 148 COLORADO (continued) Swallow, George L. Teitelbaum, Daniel T., Thielke, Stanley A. Torrey, Jack D. Utile, Ronald J. Walker, Robert J. M.D. CONNECTICUT (58) Abrams, Arthur J. Adams, Harold V. Benaahski, Robert C. Blaney, Lamson, M.D. Bolton, John D. Briggs, Elaine S. Brubaker, Robert E., M.D. Bryant, Steve E. Culp, Dale A. Deck, Edward N. DeSimone, Charles J. Dieringer, Lawrence F. Dooley, Allan E. Dudarevitch, Mitchell D. Dunstan, John Ege, John F., Jr. Eident, Christopher J. Engle, Edward G. Feliu, Leopoldo Flanagan, Joseph T. Guy, Allen C., Jr. Hall, William P. Hancock, Robert L. Harris, Walter D., Ph.D. Havens, Bernard J., Jr. Henderson, Richard, Ph.D. Hoover, Reynold L. Hosein, H. Roland Jones, Robert K. Kay, Kingsley, Ph.D. Knauss, Kenneth G. Krause, Leonard A., D.Sc. Martin, J.A. Mayes, Gerald A. Meade, William G. Meigs, J. Wister, M.D. Misiaszek, Alan C. Muranko, Henry J. Nebbia, Russell A. Parsons, Floyd B., Jr. Parsons, George E., Jr. Pedalino, Joseph S. Press, Louis Rapp, Harry W., Jr. Robinson, Donald B. Robinson, John M. Associate Grade CONNECTICUT (continued) Roy, Bernard R. Sallee, Elgin D. Saylor, James I. Schmidt, Rudolph, Jr. Seoor, Robert H. Sunderman, F.William,Jc.M.D. Taylor, John A. Thompson, Robert C., M.D. Turk, Amos, Ph.D. Wedig, John H., Ph.D. Wheeler, Stephen R. Yocom, John E. DELAWARE (23) Barnes, John R., Ph.D. Christofano, Emil E. Clary, John J., Ph.D. Dickinson, Clifford L. Dixon, Stephen W. Frawley, John P., Ph.D. Fuller, Frank H. Hill, Vaughn H. Hood, Dorothy B. Homberger, Carl S., Jr.,Ph.D. Hubiak, Richard J. Krivanek, Neil D. McKusick, Blaine C. McLaughlin, Martha Morgan, James F. Olguin, Jorge C. Reagan, James R. Reinhardt, Charles F., M.D. Sherman, Henry, Ph.D. Trochimowicz, Henry J., Sc.D. Waritz, Richards., Ph.D. Wheeler, Allan G. Zapp, John A., Ph.D. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA-See WASHINGTON, DC FLORIDA (36) Applegate, Charles H. Barnhart, William L., Jr. Buck, Albert P. Bucolo, Giovanni, Ph.D. Byrd, Roland E. Cesta, Ramon P. Daley, Michael J. Deichmann, W.B., Ph.D.,M.D.(hon.) Greenburg, Leonard, M.D. Gross, Paul, M.D. 149 393 MT-PWHD-004401 FLORIDA (continued) GEORGIA (continued) Hebblethwaite, Robert L. Schutz, Rodney K. Hendrickson, E.R., Ph.D. Stone, Raymond B. LeGore, Ivan F. Thomas, Frank C. Lundgren, Dale A. Tremblay, Roland A. MacDonald, William E., Jr.,Ph.D. Veckman, Mark G. *Mannion, Cathie M. McKichan, John D. McLouth, Malcolm E. Weeks, Robert F. Zimmerman, Robert L. Meineke, Emery S. Meyers, Virgil J. HAWAII (7) Morse, Kenneth M. Pabst, Arthur C. Pierce, Stevan W. Radcllffe, Jack C. Riley, E.C., M.D. Roesaler, Charles E. Rumsey, Donald W. Sax, N. Irving Dusendschon, R.C., M.D. Hertlein, Fred III Horikawa, Michael Y. Ige, Jordan T. Souza, Carl J. Steffee, Elizabeth V. Yamamoto, Robert K. Schatmeyer, John F. IDAHO (5) Schruefer, J.P., Jr. Silva, Col. Donald G. Starkey, Robert T. Symes, John H. Thompson, Richard L. Toney, Charles R. Urone, Paul, Ph.D. Anderson, Paul B. Cook, Earl M., III McCaslin, John W. Null, David Popps, Walter H. GEORGIA (30) ILLINOIS (98) Brown, Cols M. Bruce, James A. Burson, James L. Canada, Loren B. Cooper, Jerry L. Crowder, William F. Delles, Judith A. Farrar, Alice C. Ferguson, Wilson, M.D. Foote, Seneca W. Freeman, Thomas W. Garland, Bernard I. Gils, Robert E. Hayes, George D., Jr. Knight, Franklin, Jr. Heinemey, Harry M. Moody, Maynard G., Major Morgan, K.Z., Ph.D. Nifong, Gordon D., Ph.D. Parker, Hugh L. Ringer, Wendell L. Roper, C. Paul, Jr. Savidge, John M. Alpaugh, Edwin L. Angelos, Frank J. Antonson, Thomas F. Arnold, George R., D.Sc. Babick, Robert W., M.D. Becker, Henry F. Bleier, Richard I. Borcherding, Charles II., Jr. Bridge, Dennis P. Brower, John F. Calandra, Joseph C., M.D. Cameron, David B. Cheever, Charles L. Christoffer, Willard C. Compton, William Cook, Fred Cooper, Gerald L. Dailey, Kenneth D. Davis, Joseph R. , Ph.D., M.D Deeg, Frederick H. Fosdick, Lee B. Garis, John N. Geishecker, Dorothy K. Gidley, M. David Gies, Richard T. Golonka, Edward J. Associate Grade 150 ILLINOIS (continued) Grapenthien, James R. Grawey, Gerald W., M.D. Hall, Stephen K., M.D. Halley, Paul D. Hallstein, Roger E. Hermann, Edward R., Ph.D. Hernandez, Peter A. Hertig, Bruce A., Sc.D. Hickey, C. Raymond Hilker, Robert R.J., M.D. Hinterman, Ralph H. Holmblad, Edward C., M.D. Huelsen, William B. Ihde, William M. Jana, Francis S. Jaworski, Harry E. Kanpermann, George H. keplinger, Moreno L., Ph.D. Kidd, Charles C., Ph.D. Kinoshita, Florence K., Ph.D. Shockley, John S., Jr. Siedlecki, Jerome T. **Skan, Maryellen Snyder, Thomas M. spiegl, Charles J. Stoffer, Robert L., Ph.D. Sulek, Arthur E., M.D. Svalina, John S. Tovatt, Gerald L. Vaughan, Allen D. Walsh, Eugene L., M.D. Ward, A. Neal, M.D. Wessa, Lowell G. Wheater, Robert H. Wiliens, Nathan Woewucki, Anthony, Jr. Wolf, Claude H. Wolkonsky, Peter, M.D. Woodring, James L. Wronski, Joan A. Kinser, Richard E. Kirschner, Leon INDIANA (26) Krafcisin, George J. Landis, George Largent, Edward J. Markland, Darryl T. Marozas, Arthur A. McFee, Donald R., D.Sc. Miller, Alvin L. Miller, Robert W. Myers, Gary E. Nagle, George S. Noe, Joseph T., M.D. Oestenstad, Reidar K. Odom, Arthur D. Olishifski, Julian B. O'Neil, Donald P. Ortiz, Everett M. O'Shea, Betty S. Patzlaff, Gary H. Peterson, Charles A. Phillippo, Kenneth A. Plccot, Arthur R. Pingel, John H. Port, Ell A. Proskie, Kenneth A. Reeve, Bryce L., M.D. Retzer, William R. Rlvetna, Rohlnton M. Satterfield, Robert W. Anderson, Gary J. Bittner, George P. Carlson, Gary P., Ph.D. Christy, H.R. Dorsey, Charles P. Dunning, Preston M., M.D. J Edwards, Albert Elson, Ross J. Fitch, John J. Hohl, Arthur R. Jones, Karl K. Keppler, J. Frederick Kohlstaedt, Karl C., M.D. Kryszek, Stanley H., Ph. Maanen, Harold W., M.D. McCormick, William T. Peirce, James D., M.D. Polhemus, John Roberts, Warren C., M.D. Rushmore, Charles H., M.D. Sapia, John P. Taylor, James A., M.D Maid, Donald E. Weber, Herbert J. Wiehrdt, William Wright, William N. Zolkos, Leonard M. Schulz, Howard N. Sensenbaugh, J.D. IOWA (20) Shevlck, Billie H., M.D. Berry, Clyde M., Ph.D. Bickford, Ward W. Associate Grade Campbell, Charlea L., Ph.D. Dolan, Michael F. 151 40Q MT-PWHD-004402 IOWA (continued) LOUISIANA (27) Ellyson, Robert M. Gamble, John H. Hahne, Rolf M.A. Haines, John M. Howarth, Dean F. K1insky, Joseph W. Lamport, Dennis R. Pendgraft, William L. Platt, Robert L. Rumme, Diane K. Selders, Thomas A. Sobottka, Emery E. Songer, Joseph R. Townsend, Terrence G. Verminskl, Edward R. Williams, Kenneth W. KANSAS (11) Adkins, Charles E. Annis, Jason C. Bicknell, Ralph J. Boggs, John M. Doull, John, Pb.D., M.D. Ekey, Danzel B. Hervin, Raymond L. Jewett, William R. Konz, Stephen A., Ph.D. Lancour, Gerald W. Murphy, Thomas E., Jr. KENTUCKY (18) Baker, Richard C. Castle, Galen E. Clausen, Judith H., Ph.D. Clay, Maurice F. Conners, Edward W., Jr. Dyson, William L. Flannery, Deborah A. Kane, John M. Keith, John B. Miller, James A. Purcell, Thomas C., Ph.D. Quinn, Patricia M. Redman, William A., Jr., M.D. Royse, Douglas L. Schoen, Russell J. Turok, Charles W. Interbrink, Robert C. jr. Westlin, Karl L. Aucoin, Theodore A., Jr. Balsamo, James J., Jr. Batchelor, Bruce B. Cope, Robert F., Jr. Deaton, Hillman E. Graef, Warren D. Hall, James J. Ill Halphen, Charles E. Eanemann, Sheldon J. Herron, Stephen D. LaBauve, Joseph E. Leemann, James E. Mason, James W. Pancamo, Beverly Pappas, George Phillips, Carolyn F. Hepko, John D. Richard, Max L. Rinehart, William E., Sc.D. Schonberg, John C. Snyder, Louis J. Spraul, James H., M.D. Storment, John W. Taylor, Henry M., Jr. Venable, Fred S. Watts, J. David Zavon, Mitchell R., M.D. MAINE (3) Proaddus, Samuel T. Fassett, David W., M.D. Schacht, Harry T. MARYLAND (89) Ackerman, Harry H. Ashley, Roy D. Baetjer, Anna M., Sc.D. Baler, Edward J. Bales, Ronald E. Barnes, Capt. Edward S. Beegan, James A. Berger, David L. Bien, Ching-Tsen Biskup, Ronald K. Blackman, Alfred C. Boggs, Richard F., Ph.D. Borawski, Edward T. Borkowski, Thomas V. Povee, Harley H., Ph.D. Bradigan, Terrance A., Jr. Associate Grade 152 MARYLAND (continued) Brown, Carlton E., Sc.D. Browning, David K. Chien, Paul T. Christensen, H.E., D.Sc. Ciuchta, Henry P. Collins, John T., Jr. Dahle, Elkins W., Jr. Duggar, Benjamin C., Sc.D. Edwards, Phillip H. Ellis, William D. Fischoff, Robert L. Flowers, Delbert L. Gabis, Max S. Gillie, Albert D. Gundaker, Walter R. Haile, Fred H. Halpin, Walter R. Hamilton, Allan C. Hancock, Roger P. Hanna, Fayez B. Ph.D. Hay, Errol B., Ill Hess, Thomas L. Jacobson, Keith H., Ph.D. Johnson, Arthur T., Ph.D. Jurinski, Neil B.,Ph.D. Kendig, John D., Major Kennedy, James L. Kirwin, Carroll J., Jr. Knessey, Alfred D., Lt. Col. Kruse, Cornelius W. Landry, Edward B. Lee, William L. Levine, Marshall, M.D. Lillian, Daniel, Ph.D. Malone, Winfred F. Marquiss, Richard P. Mitchell, Frank L. Owens, Edmond J. Payne, William W., Sc.D. Podolak, George E. Powell, Charles H., Sc.D. Proctor, E. Gene Pyne, Frederick W. Radden, Edward B. Ray, William H. Reichenbach, G.S. Roan, Clifford C. Robinson, Linda L. Ronk, Richard M. Rose, Vernon Sansone, Eric B., Ph.D. Siegel, Capt. Jacob, USN Siaback, Lester A., Jr. Sliney, David H. Smith, Donald W. Smith, Douglas L. Smith, Col. Francis J. Smith, Paul E., Jr. Sneeringer, Paul V. Sprague, George F., Ill Staples, David N. Steinberg, Marshall Strickland, Gordon D. Svirbely, Joseph L., Ph.D. Thomas, Arrnand P. Urman, Stephen C. Vocci, Frank J. Vorpahl, Maj. Kenneth W. Weeks, Maurice H. Wilde, Ralph M. Wilkinson, Thomas K. Wiswesser, W.J. Wrenn, McDonald E., Ph.D. MASSACHUSETTS (85) Amdur, Mary 0., Ph.D. Balya, Dennis R. Banks, O'Neil M., Ph.D. Bavley, Harold Benoit, Merrill P., M.D. Benson, Arthur L. Billings, Charles E., Fh. Boehm, Arthur J. Bohn, Victor 0. Boundy Costa, Maryanne Boylen, George W., Jr. Bulba, Eli Burgess, William A. Campbell, Donald W. Cares, Janet W. Chamberlin, Richard I. Chew, F. Freeland, Jr. Cieplinski, Edward Comproni, Elise M. Cudworth, Allen L. Dennis, Richard DiBerardinis, Louis J. Driscoll, John N. Drucker, Marjorie A. Elkins, Hervey B., Ph.D. Ferris, Benjamin G., Jr., M.D. First, Melvin W., Sc.D. Associate Grade 401 MASSACHUSETTS (continued) Flanagan, Joseph E., Jr. Furman, Richard C. Gantt, William A. Gempel, Robert F. Gleason, Robert P. Goldman, Ralph F., Ph.D. Gordon, David Griffin, Reginald M., Ph.D. Grillo, Gene P., Ph.D. Guasman, Robert A. Hinds, William C. Holaday, Duncan A. Horowitz, Leon D. Huckeba, George W. *Hynes, George M. Jaeger, Rudolph J. Johnson, Richard S. Jones, John A. Joseph, Fred E., Jr. Killian, Charles B. LaRocque, William R. LaTorre, Philip Leahy, Joseph E. Loring, John H. Magor, Robert C., Ph.D. Maloof, Clarence C., M.D. Metcalf, Robert F., Jr. Mitchell, Charles A. Moeller, Dade W., Ph.D. Morin, Ronald E. Neukuckatz, Ernest Nugent, Albert B., Jr. Pagnotto, Leonard D. Pallaria, Dominic J.; Jr. Palm, Paul E., Ph.D. Partridge, Lawrence J., Jr. Peters, Claudia A. Peters, Howard A., Ph.D. Peters, John M., M.D., Sc.D. Piccolo, Stephen K. Pierce, William M. Pihl, Stanley E. Ploss, F. David Renzi, Ralph L. Sacco, Anthony M. Saluonsen, Patricia A. Siroonian, Barkev Snook, Stover H., Ph.D. Storlazzi, Mario Stricoff, R. Scott Underhill, Dwight W. VanHouten, Russell W. Vegella, Thomas . Associate Grade Viles, F.J., Jr. Wanta, R. C. Weingast, Joel M. Whittenberger, James L., M.D. Yurgilas, Vincent A. MICHIGAN (149) Ajemian, Robert S. Alexander, Cheri L. Alshallal, Mejren Amato, Duane F. Barrett, James C. Berke, Harry L., Ph.D. Bianconi, William o. Birmingham, Donald J., M.D. Block, Duane L., M.D. Boettner, Edward A. Bonvallet, George L. Braun, Edwin F. Brown, Robert K. Brusk, Norman Burgess, Dale E. Byers, Dohrman H. Carlson, Paul Castrop, Vincent J. Chaffin, Don B. Chmielnicki, Ferd J. Chynoweth, Benjamin H. Clarke, John H. Cleary, William M. Cochran, Kenneth W., Ph.D. Cornish, Herbert H., Ph.D. Csire, N. Charles Davis, Irving H. Donovan, Therese Eisler, Albert W. Eschelback, Donald Eschelman, Phelps S. Federonko, Conrad Flores, George H. Fowler, Don G. Frazee, Patrick R. Frazho, Arthur E. Frederick, W.G.,Sc.D. Ganshow, John tl., M.D. Gelman, Charles Gendemalik, Louis P., Ph.D. Glazier, Daniel P. Glidden, G.M. Gonzalez, D.J. Gordon, L.E. Greschaw. Donald A. Gutekunst, Herbert W. Hahn, Kolman J. Hanson, Victor W. Harris, Patrick J. Ilarrold, Gordon C., Ph.D. 154 MICHIGAN (continued) Hartung, Rolf Hecker, Lawrence H., Ph.D. Himmelsbach, Bernard Hobbs, Edward J. Hogan, Geoffrey K. Hoyle, Harold R. Irish, Don D., Ph.D. 1 Jankowski, Paul A. Jenson, Leonard L.,Ph.D. Keffoot, Edward J. Kilgore, William B. Knowles, John Konn, Walter H. Kortsha, Gene X. Krebs, William H., Ph.D. Kumler, Kathleen Langner, Ralph R. LaTorre, Libardo Lavetter, Victor E. Lee, Albert P. Leong, Basil K.J.,Ph.D. Lick, Henry Luchtefeld, Paul H. Lusk, Gene B. MacLeod, Donald F. Malzahn, Delno D. Maxson, Ray M. McCollister, Donald McCord, Carey P., M.D. McDermott, Fred T. McNab, R. Warren Medved, Joseph B. Mirer, Franklin E. Mooney, Thomas F., Jr., Ph.D. Mosher, Gary E. Mutchler, John E. Nawakowski, Alexsandria Northrop, Dick, Jr. O'Brien, Michael J. Olivieri, Joseph B. Olson, Richard D. Oppelt, William G. Padden, David A. Padden, James B. Perlewitz, Raymond P. Plasters, Charles E. Poblete, Rudolph G. Poosch, Michael S. Puhala, Edward S. Rabinovitz, Sheldon H., Ph.D. Rapp, Donald E. Redmond, Louis Reeves, Andrew I>., Ph.D. Rodenhouse, Louis N. Roslinski, Lawrence M., Ph.D. Rowe, Verald K., Ph.D. Rye, William A., M.D. Sachs, Ronald A. Schaffer, Arnold W. Schnauder, Andrew G. Schneider, E.J. Schuman, Marvin M. Scovill, Russell G. Shapiro, Dale M. Silverstein, Lawrence G. Skory, Lyman K. Slavin, Thomas J. Smith, Cecil L. Smith, Ralph G., Ph.D. Snyder, Philip J. Socha, Gregory E. Soule, Robert D. SoulHard, Clarence L., Jr. Stephens, John F. Stevenson, Michael F. Stoecker, George C. Stolberg, Ronald A. Swanson, John R., Ph.D. Taylor, Yvonne P. Terlecki, James E. Terlep, Richard F. Thalacker, A.O. Tillotson, Michael R. Torkelson, Theodore R., Sc.D. Toth, Paul E. VanderKolk, Alvin L. Van Farowe, Donald E. Vecchio, Janet L.P. Von Oettingen, W.P., M.D.,Ph.D. Wabeke, Roger L. Weber, James R. Weir, Francis W., Ph.D. Whipple, G. Hoyt, Ph.D. Wilson, Joseph E. Wolf, Mark A. Wong, Ben Wood, Richard D. Woolrich, Paul F. Zaebst, Denni6 D. Associate Grade 402 155 MT-PWHD-004404 MINNESOTA (57) Anderson, Darrell E. Anderson, John E. Anderson, K. Wesley Barber, Donald E.,Ph.D. Barghini, Robert J., Sr. Belgea, Frank J. Caplan, Knowlton J. Craig, James L. Dykoski, K.E. Ellringer, Paul J. Elvin, Richard W. Evavold, E. Rosooe Farmer, B. Craig Feuk, John W. Foley, Gregory H. Possum, John H. Frazier, R.E. Geisen, Richard J. Giuliani, Robert L. Coppers, Velta Grassel, Eugene E. Griffith, Franklin D., Ph.D. Helm, William L. Hoffman, David W. Holler, Albert C. Jacoby, John S., M.D. Kersten, Ronald M., Jr. Knutson, Gerhard W. Kmonce, George R. Labemik, Frank C. Larsen, Donald J. Larson, Stephen R. Liu, Benjamin Y.H. Long, James E., Sc.D. Mahlberg, Craig D. Makino, Henry K. Mattila, Walter Paulua, Harold J., Ph.D. Paulus, Patricia A. Pendergrass, John A. Pitcher, J.R. Raschka, George J. Rees, LaVeme W., Ph.D. Rushfeldt, Victor L. Schaller, Robin E. Sethre, Arthur E., M.D. Sorenson, Stanley D. Spielman, Robert A. Stone, Steven J. Sugg, James K. Suammar, Marion T.,M.D. Sweitser, Richard L. Thompson, Fay M., Ph.D. Ubel, Frank A., M.D. VanAuken, Guy F. Kissink, Robert G. Zimmerman, Dallas D. MISSISSIPPI (1) Sansing, John W. MISSOURI (39) Barton, Jack A. Bohl, Carl D. Brendlinger, Robert L. Covington, C. Jack Davis, Richard H. Durio, Lawrence R. Edgerley, Edward, Jr. Eley, Bruce W. Garber, Louis F. Garrett, Jack T. Gershaw, Roger L. Hackathorn, David R. Heida, Vivian Henshaw, John L. Holt, Denver L. Holtshouser, Joseph L. Hussain, Kazi F. Johannsen, Frederick R. Jones, Herbert H. Jurgiel, John A. Kugler, David J. Lalli, Frank E. Lavalette, David R. Levinakas, George J., Ph Linck, Thomas C. McGrath, William J. Keunier, John J. Murphy, Mary K. Pierce, James O., II, Sc Salisbury, Stanley A. Shuman, Jack J. Stewart, Albert E. Sullivan, Joseph M. Sutter, R.A., M.D. Swigert, William G. Talley, Kenneth R. Wheeler, Elmer P. Widner, Allen G. Wright, Paul L. Associate Grade Student Grade 156 * * MONTANA (3) bossard, Floyd C. Unger, Walter H. Walker, Scott I.. NEBRASKA (3) Cochran, David J. Noss, Gary Pelfrene, Alain F., M.D. NEVADA (10) Bevis, Darell A. Bolton, Paul R. Dehne, Edward J., M.D. *Lencioni, Nathan M. Mattick, John J. Killer, Robert N. Ray, Eugene M. Foy, Terry C. Snyder, Michael S., M.D. Soong, Carlton S.K. NEW JERSEY (87***) Allen, Richard I. Andresen, William V. Baker, Joseph B. Becker, Leon R. Beckett, William L. Beres, Joseph J. Blihar, Robert W. Bradley, William R. Brief, Richard S. Burtis, Evelyn G. Caporossi, Joseph C. Carson, Steven, Ph.D. Charm, Joel B. Clevenger, Wayne N. Cohen, Irving D., Ph.D. Confer, Robert G. Damiano, Joseph Davis, Frank R., Jr. Diakun, Robert Doremus, K.R. Dunham, David Eckardt, Robert E., M.D. Faust, Jack C. Feasley, Charles F.,Ph.D. Ferguson, Warren S. Freeman, E. James NEW JERSEY (continued) Gerecke, Kenneth W. Goodfrlend, Lewis S. Gregoric, Albert L. Gresh, Joseph T. Hall, Herbert J. Hansen, David L. Hatfield, Theodore R., M.D. Heilman, Thomas M., Ph.D. Hendricks, N.V. Hunt, Russell S. Jones, Allen R. Joselow, Morris, rh.D. Kindsvatter, Victor H., Ph.D. Kongsiri, Likhit Kurusz, Henry Lawson, Douglas R. Lester, David, Ph.D. Levenstein, Irving, Ph.D. Lorentz, Fred Maier, Albert A. Manganelli, Raymond M., Ph.D. Manella, Raymond J. McVeigh, James F. Mehta, Dhiru Mellor, Joseph F., Jr. Monastyrski, Walter Nealon, Gerald F. O'Brien, Michael G. Oleru, George U. Ostergaard, Paul B. Pfitzer, Emil A., Sc.D. Price, Donald L. Richmond, Nathan Rook, James H. Roumas, Jamies C. Scala, Robert A., Ph.D. Schall, E. Lynn Schreibeis, William J. Shaffer, C. Boyd, Ph.D. Shaffer, Thomas C. Sherr, Allen E., Ph.D. Shimer, Preston C. Skocypec, Wayne J. Smith, William E.. M.D. Stanton, George B., Jr. Stefko, Paul L. Szymanski, Edward F. Tobin, John S., M.D. Toca, Frederick M. VanPelt, Wesley R., Ph.D. Vitale, Frederick R. Associate Grade Includes One Unlisted 157 403 NEW JERSEY (continued) Waclawtki, Edward J. Wahl, Robert J. Wallach, Abraham Weller, Louis F. Wilkening, George M. Woesaner, Warren W., Fh.D. Worden, Francia X. Yu, Wen Chuan Zaledonis, Charles E. NEW MEXICO (42) Brewer, Lial W. Burnett, William D. Campbell, Evan E. Cleveland, Janes E. Daley, Capt, Peter S. Defield, Janes D. DeVore, Robin K. Douglas, Darrel D. Enders, John W. Ettinger, Harry J. Ferran, Gilbert H. Garcia, Leroy L. Geoffrion, Louis A. Gray, Douglas C. Hack, Alan L. Harrison, Harry C. Healy, John W. Hyatt, Edwin C. Ide, Harold M. Johnson, William S., Sr. Jordan, Harry S., Jr. Kennedy, William R., Jr. Kingsley, William H. Lowry, Phillip L. McKelvey, John w. Meyer, Dean D. Mokler, Brian V. Moss, William D. Parker, Donald R. Pritchard, John A. Raabe, Otto G., Ph.D. Rappaport, Stephen M., Ph.D. Reinert, Bruce D. Schulte, Harry F. Shurkin, Walter S. Skillem, Clarence P. Stocum, William E. Talley, George M. Thomas, Robert G., Ph.D. Tillery, Marvin I. Voelz, George L., M.D. Wood, Gerry 0. NEW YORK (141) Altshuler, Bernard, Ph.D. Amdur, Marvin L., M.D. Andersen, George II. Andrews, Leslie R. Astill, Bernard D., Ph.D. Averill, Edward R. Baliff, Jack Belcher, Albert L. Blachman, Marvin W. Blacker, Jerome H. Bond, Marcus B., M.D. Bohne, F. Karl Bourland, P.E.M., M.D. Braverman, M.M. Breslin, Alfred J. Brown, Eugene G. Brown, Frank 0., Jr. Brunotte, Herman Chang, Peter Christensen, William P. Cohen, Norman, Ph.D. Cole, Jerome F., Sc.D. Collings, Gilbeart H., Jr.,M.D. Crossman, Germain C. Cullen, Critz E. Dalton, William F. Danner, Kenneth I., Jr. Davis, Joyce p. Demehl, Carl <]., M.D. DeVito, Joseph P. Dixon, Ernest M.,M.D. Dunn, James P., M.D. Eisenbud, Merril, Sc.D. Ely, Thomas S., M.D. Fanney, Julius H., Jr. Fannick, Nicholas Farrell, John J. Fater, Joseph J. Felner, Benjamin Ferber, Kelvin H. Ferin, Juraj Ferry, John J. Flato, Jerome C. Flynn, John L. Gallagher, Robert G. Garner, Charles L. Gaudreau, Adrien L. Gelburd, Ralph M. Glou, Ronald S. Greenberg, Leo, Ph.D. Grimaldi, John V., Ph.D. Hamilton, E. Kingdom Houk, William K. *Associate Grade XS8 NEW YORK (continued) Ingram, William T. Issa, Abraham Jones, Warren H., M.D. Kaplan, Samuel A. Keister, Forest L. Keller, John G., Ph.D. Killough, David T. Kingsley, Irving Kipp, Ronald E. Kirwan, Nancy Ann Klevin, Paul B. Kneip, Theodore J., Ph.D. Knight, Arthur L., M.D. Kupchik, George J., Ph.D. LaFrance, Leo J. Lamb, Henry G. Lane, Kenneth S., M.D. Larsen, 0. Wesley Laskin, Sidney Laubly, Charles S. Lauer, D.J.,M.D. Levin, Lester Licata, James P. Llppmann, Morton, Ph.D. Lynam, Donald R., Sr. Mattox, Paul Mayers, May R., M.D. McCarl, Warren G., M.D. McDaniel, Paul W. McHenry, Charles R. Mercer, Thomas T., Ph.D. Miele, Michael L. Miller, Franklin A. Mirowitz, Stuart R. Mitchell, W. Fred Morrow, Paul ., Ph.D. Moss, Owen R. Murray, John T. Nelson, Kenneth W. Nelson, Norton, Ph.D. Oser, Bernard L., Ph.D. Osterman, Raymond Osti, Aldo P. Owens, Thomas J. Palmes, E.D.Ph.D. Perry. Howard B. Pickett, William E., Maj Ragofsky, Howard Raleigh, Robert L., M.D. Raybin, Harry W. Reid, Frank H. Reznikoff, Paul, M.D. Richards, Ronald T. Rimberg, David, Ph.D. Roberts, Malcolm Roberts, Herbert J., M.D. Roudabush, Robert, Ph.D. Scherberger, Richard F. Schirripa, James T. Schulz, Herman Sharkey, Joseph F. Sheinbaum, Milton Singh, Jaswant Slotkin, Martin Smith, Donald W. Smith, Frank A., Ph.D. Stannard, James N., Ph.D. Steadman, Luville T., Ph.D. Stein, Edward, Ph.D. Sutton, William L., M.D. Syracuse, Michael G. Terhaar, Clarence J., Ph.D. Thomas, Jess W. Thompson, Harold K. Tichauer, Erwin P., Ph.D. Varela, Noel J. Vent uro, Renzo Virchow, Warren E. Waciawski, Edward J. Wang, Chiu-sen, Ph.D. Webber, Alonzo M. Weismiller, Fred J., Jr., M.D. White, Oliver G. White, Otto, Jr. Wilson, Robert H. Wolfsie, J.H., M.D. Yanno, Frank J. Yoder, John D., Sc.D. NORTH CAROLINA (43) Arp, Earl W., Jr. Barnard, George Barrett, Charles D. Belk, Harold D., M.l Beyer, Emil 0., M.D. Bundy, Stephen D. Chanlett, Emil T. Chen, Ching Kuang Chirico, Frank N. Cook, Warren A. j Danchi, George ' Dentler, William L.i Associate Grade 159 404 NORTH CAROLINA (continued) OHIO (continued) Dickerson, Richard C. DiPasquale, Louis C. Drew, Robert T., Ph.D. Fraser, David A., Sc.D. Goldwater, L.J.,M.D. Hagwood, Phillip E. Harris, Robert L., Or. Henning, John C. Hickey, John L.S. Hill, F. Neal Imbue, Harold R., M.D. Ivester, Arthur L. Kelly, Harry J., Jr. Kenline, Paul A., Ph.D. Lewis, Lionel Lubozynski, F. Thomas Lumsden, John C. Martin, Charles F., M.D. Miller, Gordon C. Neefus, John D. North, Ellsworth H., Jr.,M.D. Reist, Parker C., Sc.D. Robson, Charles D. Stern, Arthur C. Stopford, Moodhall, M.D. Straughan, Steve A. Thornton, James R. Willhoit, Donald G. Williams, David L. Williams, Ted M. WOodall, Leigh C., Jr. NORTH DAKOTA (1) Ruby, Darrel L. OHIO (167) Abell, Martin T. Anania, Thomas L. Anderson, Loren A. Ayer, Howard E. Bankovich, Paul W. Beaman, Reuben, J., Jr. Beebe, Edward R. Beliczky, Louis S. Bell, R. Hays Bersebach, Gordon L. Blanck, Marilyn D. Rlankenhom, John M. Blejer, H.P.,M.D..D.I.H. Boback, Michael W. Bowers, Holland G. Bozich, Thomas A. Bradley, John E. Briggs, Terry M. Brown, Patricia S. Bryant, John M. Burg, William R., Ph.D. Burroughs, G.E. Bynum, James R. Caplan, Paul E. Caple, Rose M. Carlson, Gordon H. Casaady, Melvin E. Charman, Walter M. Cholak, Jacob Clark, Thomas J. Coleman, W. Emile Connors, Michael G. Coombs, Richard J. Cox, F. Morgan Crable, John V. Craft, Bobby F., Ph.D. Cralley, Lewis J., Ph.D. Crawl, James R. Cuddeback John E. Cutter, Harold C. Dauch, Jack E. Dereniuk, Steven N. Devitt, Gerald E. DeWitt, Bernard J., D.Sc. Donaldson, Harry M. Dukes-Dobos, Francis N.,M.D. Engdahl, Richard B. Engel, John D., Sc.D. Enright, John C. Evans, William A. Faud, Robert H. Ferguson, James S. Frank, Russell W. Fulmer, Mary R. Fulwiler, Richard D.,Sc.D. Galloway, Howard L. Georgiadis, Theodore Gisclard, J. Brennan Goyda, Michael F. Gregory, Earl D. Gross, Stanley B., Ph.D. Grote, Ardith A. Grubb, Leland L. Haney, Donald L., Jr. Hardin, Bryan D. Assciate Grade 160 OHIO (continued) Harris, Elliot, S., Ph.D. Haun, Charles C. Hazard, W.G. Heatherton, Richard C. Henschel, Austin F., Ph.D. Herrick, Robert A. Hess, Gerald L. Riser, Robert A. Hochstrasser, John M. Hoffer, Ralph F. Holdsworth, Charles E., Jr Hosey, A.D. Howard, James L. Huffman, Dean Dewitt Hull, Terry E. Humphreys, Clark M. Inglls, Robert H., Jr. Isaacs, Fred, Jr. Johnston, Arthur E. Jones, James H. Junod, Thomas L. Kalmon, Ben Katzenmeyer, Edwin B., Jr. Kehoe, R.A., M.D. Kelley, William D. Kenney, Gary D. Ketcham, Arthur R. Kinkead, Edwin R. Klein, Frank J. Kline, Hubert S. Knarr, Robert L. Kominsky, John R. Kozuszek, Theodore K. Kronoveter, Kenneth J. Kupel, Richard E. Lainhart, Williams., M.D. LaNier, Marchall E. Laurence, James M. Lawrence, Clarence P. Leininger, Edward D. Lemer, Sidney I., M.D. Levy, Beth S.B. Longley. Mars Y., Ph.D. Ludwig, Howard R. Lynch, Jeremiah R. Lyon, Walter, M.D. MacEwen, J.D., Ph.D. Mahon, Robert D. Marcero, Douglas H. Maykowski, Richard M. McConnell, Ross S., M.D. McCormick, William E. McKee, Douglas McMurrain, K.D.,Jr.,M.D. Mekaru, Toshio Mirti, Nicholas A. Mitchell, Ralph I. Modrell, Robert W. Murray, William E. Nachtman, Joseph P. Nash, Robert B., Jr. Nord, Peter J. *0]instead, Gary W. Oser, James L. Paff, David G., M.D. Parr, Wordie H. Pattee, Harry E. Pharis, Peter W. Pilcher, J. Mason, Ph.D. Price, James H. Pulket, Chompusakdi Rathje, Arnold 0. Feinhard, E. Daniel, Jr. Fentos, P.C.,Ph.D. Richley, Barton E. Robbins, M. Chain Roberts, Lester B. Rockwell, Thomas H. Ross, Keith N. Rosso, Albert J. Russell, Clyde L. Saalwaechter, Ann T. Sachs, Ben H., Jr. Saltzman, B.E., Ph.D. Sarvadi, David G. Schafer, Lawrence J. Schaub, Amy A. Scheel, Lester D. Ph.D. Sebesta, W.E. Seferian, Sam V. Shepler, T.W. Sherriff, Robert E. Sigmund, Joseph M. Simpson, C. Wayne Snodgrass, Lowell E. Sparrow, Edward Starkey, R.H. Stemmer, Klaus L., M.D. Stevenson, Edward F. Stokinger, H.E., Ph.D. Suskind, Raymond, R., M.Di Associate Grade Student Grade 161 405 V MT-PWHD-004407 OHIO (continued) PENNSYLVANIA (17B) Tancoua, John M. Taylor, David G., Ph.D. Thebo, Lawrence K. Uhlar, Richard A. Vandervort, Robert Vemot, Edmond H. Vogt, Gary D. Voytko, Robert A. Wallace, Deyarman Welker, Lloyd M., Sr. Westendorf, William H. Williamson, W.H. Wilson, George L. Yeager, David W. Yea, Hong Ton Young, Ronald J. Zimber, Charles W. Zirkes, A1 Zuzik, Joseph B. OKLAHOMA (22) Ausbie, Attway E.,Ph.D. Brown, James E. Brown, William J., Jr. Cook, Dan D. Feightner, Clarence C. Funk, Stanley W. Haning, Jack M. Hayden, A.T., Major Hoag, Lave me L. Jones, Clyde W. Konopinski, Virgil J. Langwell, Jinny Lankford, David N. Purswell, Jerry L. Renes, Lucian E. Stanley, Keith L., Ph.D. Steffey, Oran D. Swanson, John W. Thompson, Robert N., Ph.D. Utnage, William L. Viet, Robert W. Williamson, Glen R. OREGON (7) Black, Robert B. Coward, David D. Magill, Paul L. Montero, Emil E. Schink, Chester A., Ph.D. Schoenbom, Arthur F. Tarraglio, Frank p., Ph.D. Associate Grade Adrounie, V. Harry Allison, W.W. Anderson, David M., Ph.D. . Barnes, Edgar C. Baumann, Willard H. Beebe, Maurice R. Bell, Zeb G., Jr., Sc.D. Benjamin, Charles T. Bobkoskie, Russell L. Bodden, Keith A. Bonney, Thomas B. Booth, Karroll S. Botsford, James H. Breslin, John A. Brodt, Dale H. Brown, Norman R. Bub, Robert A. Bumsted, Howard E. Calhoun, J.A., M.D. Carey, Leo Carlitz, Irwin H. Carpenter, Charles P., Ph.D. Carter, Robert P. Carter, W. Julian, Jr. Chrostek, Walter J. Civic, Terrence M. Civic, Thomas J. Cohen, Joel M. Coner, Charles E., Lt.Col. Coon, Julius M., M.D. Com, Morton, Ph.D. Cotabish, Harry N. Coughlin, John J. Davies, J. B. Degrafenread, James E. Delbert, Raymond H. DeSantis, Rudolph V. Destafano, James T. deTreville, R.T.P., M.D. Devorris, Joseph T. Dinman, Bertram D., M.D. Durham, Mark F. Durkosh, Edward D. Dyre, William H. Elkin, Samuel, Ph.D. Etheridge, Charles H., Jr. Farrah, George H. Ferber, Benjamin I. Ferruggiaro, Alfred J. Flickinger, Charles W. Flumerfelt, Gene C. Foderaro, John, M.D. Fraust, Charles L., Ph.D. Gabriel, Karl L., Ph.D. Gastineau, Robert M.,Lt.Col. Geary, Daniel L. Glttslman, Donald H. Goldberg, Samuel A. 162 PENNSYLVANIA (continued) Goldsmith, Andrew H., Capt. Granlumd, Rodger W. Grant, Lee B., M.D. Crieb, Henry E. Grunder, Fred I. Haas, Jonathan M. Haller, Robert B. Hannon, J.W.G.,M.D. Hebb, Jerry L. Ilemeon, Wesley C.L. Henson, Edward V., M.D. Herr, Howard F. Hess, Paul W., Ph.D. Hlavaty, E.J. Hoffman, Clair A. Jackson, James 6. Janes, William S. Johnson, William S. Kamon, Eliezer Keenan, Richard R., Ph.D. Keller, Lawrence W. Kelton, Stanton C., Jr. Kingsley, Lt.Col..Willard E. Kitzer, R.G. Jr. Kloos, Edwin J. Knauber, John W. Kobrick, Thomas E. Kreichelt, Thomas E. Kreischer, Jerold B. Labbauf, Abbas Lee, Terry C. Lieberman, Jesse Linch, Adrian L. MacFarland, H.N., Ph.D. Mamnarelli, Andrew A., Jr. Mancuso, Thomas F., M.D. Manekshaw, Sarosh, J.H. Masaitis, John B. Mattiolo, Leon A. Mawhinney, Warren C. Merkle, C.R.E.,Jr. Michael, Paul L., Ph.D. Miller, Henry T. Miller, Joseph W. Miller, Roy H. Moffitt, Augustine E., Jr., Sc.D Morse, George L. Myers, Samuel A. Neilson, Arthur Ng, Richard Novak, John C. Nusbaum, Victor A. Omosky, Martin Ortlip, Willard L. Pallies, William M. Parobeck, Paul S. Pearce, S.J. Petruska, Edward M. Phillips, Milo W. Piros, Wesley E. Pletz, Leroy 0. Plunkett, John M. Polito, Louis D. Porter, Sidney W., Jr. Prieve, Claudia S. Purdom, P.W., Ph.D. Quealy, James F. Rakow, Alexander P., D.O. Ranken, Emily A. Renshaw, Frank M., Richardson, Lewis F., Jr. Rosendahl, Thomas E. Rozas, C. John Rubino, Robert L. Ruhf, Russell C. Bunion, Howard E. Sabo, Andrew T. Sataloff, Joseph, M.D. Schiager, Keith A., Ph.D. Schreibeis, Lee, Jr. Schrenk, H.H., Ph.D. Sentz, Frank C., Jr. Shoemaker, William E. Skendall, John V. Smyth, Henry F., Jr., P Snyder, John P. Snyder, Paul J. Snyder, Richard Sowinski, Edward J.,Ph. Speicher, H.W. Spritzer, Albert A., M. Stanko, James J. Stein, Felix L. Stevens, Charles H. Stockton, Steven D. Strelecki, Ronald R. Stubblefield, Jere D. Swanson, Frank A. Swift, Richard L. Todd, Alan S. Tomb, Thomas F. Toothman, Edwin H. Tyler, Dennis A. Venable, Emerson Vought, Virginia M. Wagner, Stanley T. Webster, Donald L. Associate Grade *`Student Grade 163 406 PENNSYLVANIA (continued) Weil, Carrol S. Weyel, Dietrich A. Whitaker, Paul J., M.D. Whitman, Newton E. Willard, Frank J. Williams, Norman, M.D. Williams, Robert A. Wilner, Stephen M. Wilson, James C. Witman, Ronald L. Wood, William S. Zatek, Joseph B. Zullo, Philip RHODE ISLAND (7) Fusco, Seraflno J. Hickey, James E. Mandell, Leonard C. Matheson, James N. Northrup, Joseph A., Jr. Revoir, William H., Jr. Wuraftic, Joseph SOUTH CAROLINA (13) Anderson, Charlie J. Beane, Francis W. Cal11son, H. Grady, Jr. Childress, Emory R. Croley, Jaras J., Jr. Goodman, Joseph L., M.D. Hook, Marion B., Jr., Oakley, Herbert R. Roberts, John T., Jr. Seifert, Harry E. Siebert, George W., III Slone, Allen R., M.D. Wallgora, Stanley J., Jr. SOUTH DAKOTA (3) Feusner, LeRoy C., Capt. Salazar, Alex, Jr. Wisehart, Donovan E. TENNESSEE (35) Arnold, Gerald A. Blake, Charles L. Bolton, Newell E. Boone, Charles W. Burnett, Thomas J. Covert, Roy J. Associate Grade TENNESSEE (continued) Davis, Doyle M. Dutour, Janes T. Ealy, James A. Garrett, Jasper T. Gill, H. Brent Harbison, Joe G., Jr. Higdon, Herbert F. Hunt, Christopher L. Jung, Francis P. Ketchen, Eugene E. Landis, Stevan D. Lawrence, E. Fred McAlduff, Harold J., Jr. McGee, William A. Miller, Lee H., M.D. Morehead, James F., Jr. Murrey, Williams., Jr. Oglesby, Frank L. Oppold, James A., Ph.D. Porter, Walter E. Hess, John F. Roberts, Donald F. Schulte, Nell B. Smith, R.C. Stoddard, David L. Whitson, Thurman C. Winckler, Leonid B. Wing, Jerome F. Wolle, Robert H. TEXAS (104) Abersold, John N., Ph.D. Adrian, Horace F. Anderson, Stanley E. Atwood, David Ayoub, Mohamed N., Ph.D. Banner, Edwin C., III Beatty, Maj. David C. Bergtholdt, Charles P. Birch, Sheldon R. Boyle, John P. Brasch, Jerome K. Brown, Robert D. Byrne, James F. Carroll, Clinton C. Clapp, Raymond E. Collins, Eddie B. Collins, Raymond J., Major Combi, John V. Comstock, Eric G., M.D. Ccvan, James P. Dabney, Tom E. Da. se, Donald E. Direrens, Alton H. Donahue, Michael P. 164 TEXAS (continued) Eastes, Jessie D. El-Maguid, Ahmed A. Fallon, Paul 1'., Maj. Fontaine, Jack H. Fox, John E. Furr, Robert J. Garcia, Meliton M. Gibeau, John K. Glorig, Aram, M.D. Godfrey, Edwin K. Good, Merrill R., Major Griffin, Ralph G., Jr. Guinn, Ronald L. Hammond, James W. Hester, Carolyn R. Hobson, Herschel L., Ph.D. Horvath, Bruce S. Hyde, Donald L. Konzen, Richard P., Fh.D. Kortla, Claren J. Krehbiel, Delmar D., Ph.D. Kusnetz, Howard L. Lauderdale, Jerry F. Laugenour, D.P., M.D. LeBrocq, Eric F., Jr. Ledbetter, Joe O., Ph.D. LeFebvre, E.E., Major Leiner, Ronald S. Richardson, Carl D. Roberts, Thomas L. Ross, James K., M.D. Roy-Chowdhury, Anil K. Rudmose, Wayne, Ph.D. Schaeffer, Edward H. Schiltz, John O. Schmidt, Richard R. Schwindt, Philip C., Jr.,Maj. Schulz, Harvey R. Severs, Richard K., Ph.D. Shatterly, Luther W. Shoop, David T. Shreve, Richard J. Skinner, Raymond L. Smahlik, Henry J. Solook, John T. Spencer, Howard W. Stallings, Billy J. Suggs, Lt.Col. Harry J. Townsend, Kirkby G. Vernon, PAlph J., Ph.D. Vos, Grover A. Warren, Edward L. White, Norman G., Ph.D. Witzke, Russel L. Wukasch, Martin C. Yin, Nick D. Love, Alan C. Lutts, William L., Jr. UTAH (31) Marcie, Frank J. McNamara, David E. Melvin, Walter W., Jr., M.D. Meyer, William H. Morman, Donald il. Murphy, Patrick Nau, Carl A., M.D. Nelson, Gary S. Paganini, Otto Farker, Frank M.,111 Paschal, Frank L., Jr. Penney, Floyd L. Persky, William H. Phillippe, Maurice (I., Ph.D. Pickle, Joe D. Pringle, Donald G. Quigley, Joseph A. Ramsey, Jerry D., Ph.D. Ransdell, Jerry D. Reed, Charles W. Eegula, John M. Adler, Robert G. Archer, Victor E., M.D. Barg, Don C. Berghout, C. Fred Burton, David J. Butler, George J. Coleman, Richard E. Comboy, Robert L. Dailey, Dennis R. Dixon, Willard C. Dungey, Curtis E. Dyke, Maurice Heaney, Robert J., Heins, Allan P. Hendricks, Russel H Khudsen, John F. Larsen Lee B. Lee, Jeffrey S. Madsen, Floyd A. Nackowski, Sandra B. Reisenweber, Richard L., Sc.D Associate Grade UTAH (continued) VIRGINIA (continued) `Nelson, James H. Norman, Gary R. Peterson, Robert L. Putnam, Robert D. Richardson, John B. Sieverson, James P. Smith, Thomas J. Varner, Michael 0. Wagner, William L. Winn, Grant S., Ph.O. Yeager, M.A. VERMONT (3) Ashe, Harry B. Keenan, Robert G. Laitinen, Donald O. VIRGINIA (46) Barboo, Samuel H., Cdr., USN Bayer, Maj. Johan E. Bellies, Robert P., Ph.D. Benton, Ronald E. Brinkerhoff, Gail M. Busey, William M. Cacclotti, Joseph J. Caesar, George E., Jr. Carr, Thomas B., Jr. Cole, Homer M. Cure, John W., III DlLustro, Salvatore Dodge, William B. Doptis, Leigh E. Eggleston, Tony E. Frazier, Phillip M. Giever, Paul M. Gioiello, David M., Jr. Golz, Harold H., M.D. Hanen, Sherry J. Hartmann, Kipp W. Hilcken, John A., Ph.D. Hollingsworth, Richard L. Jacobson, Murray Jessee, Charles R. Johnston, Hassel Jordan, Charles J. Kwan, Byung K. Levinson, Seymour Lewis, John B.,III Mabson, William E., Maj. Maccioli, John T. Associate Grade Mansur, Richard H. Marr, William T. Mundy, Charles B., M.D. Phillips, Stanleigh W. Pouliot, Stuart II. Ryer, Flo H. Salmon, Eliahu, Ph.D. Shultz, Jerry E. Smith, Raymond Tesle, John W. Veiyel, C. Harding, Ph.D. Walker, Robert H., Jr. Walsh, Ralph J., Col. Wood, Eugene, G. Worsham, Herbert J. Wright, Usha WASHINGTON (46) Anderson, Aage B. Anderson, Bernhardt V. Anderson, Donald E. Anderson, Ralph G. Apol, Arvin G. Bailey, Gerald E. Bessmer, D.J. Blair, Austin W., Jr. Breysse, Peter A. Cant, Stephen M. Car],enter, George D. Oothrin, Stanley G. Craig, Douglas K., Ph.D. Darcy, Felix J. DeRousseau, Phil J. Fergin, G.S. Fuqua, Philip A., M.D. Grant, Robert K. Hansen, L.A., Ph.D. Harrison, Jose R. Hipp, M.J. Hoistman, Sanford W., Jr., Ph.D. Kniseley, John M. Kooj man, Abraham M. Kusian, Ross N. Lake, James W. Lichtenstein, Michael E. Liukonen, Larry R. Locke, Daniel K. McArthur, Billy R. Mangold, Carl A. McJilton, Charles E. Mills, Hoy 0. Noble, Wesley M. Novak, N.P. O'Brien, Michael J. Olson, Theodore C. Ridge, Michael C. 166 WASHINGTON (continued) WEST VIRGINIA (continued) Rossano, August T., Jr.,Sc.D. Ruch, Walter E., Ph.D. Sandell, Ken Selby, John M. Shurts, James A. Wang, David U. Wendlick, Joseph D. Wilson, William L. WASHINGTON, DC (30) Burnett, Maj.Ronald D. Carter, Maj. Donald I. Cohn, James R. Doyle, Henry N. Drozd, Joseph J., Jr.,LCDR Gilbert, Harry Glauberman, Harold Godette, Edith S. Grose, Carl B. Janous, John A. Johnson, Kenneth D., Ph.D. Kay, John H., Ph.D. Kittilstad, Owen H., Lt.Col. Krop, Stepehn, Ph.D. Levin, Arthur A. Maher, Joseph R. Marrazzo, Rudolph M. McClure, C. Ray McNemey, James M., Jr. Rector, Douglas E., LCDR Rhoden, Richard A., Ph.D. Ross, Donald M., Sc.D. Seabaugh, Van K. Stanley, Fred L. VanAtta, F.A.., Ph.D. Wands, Ralph C. Ward, Wendell L. Weinstein, Martin S. Welty, Carl G., Jr. Wrenn, Grover C., Jr. WEST VIRGINIA (21) Adams, William G. Bare, Ben S. Clarice, Charles C. Cope, Robert W. Permit, John N. Kasberger, Robert E. Ketcham, Newton H. Linsky, Benjamin Lunn, Jerry D. McShane, William P. Murray, Bert L. Neff, Joe E. Niemann, Jeffrey K. Peele, Robert E. Qazi, Abdul Hamid Shoub, Earle P. Smith, William M. Suitlas, John R. Vining, John F., Ill Williams, Fred Young, William C. WISCONSIN (2B) Baretta, Edward D. Berg, Byron A. Biancardi, Michael F. Breuer, Jerry A. Brown, Roger L. Gregory, Jerome P. Green, Jeffrey D. Hawkinson, Robert E. Kennebeck, Marvin E., Jr. Kukla, Joseph F. Kupfer, George A. Lange, Paul Lundquist, Marjorie A. Mima, Albert Otterson, Edward J. Peck, Robert C., Jr. Peterson, J.E., Ph.D. Pollock, Richard A. Racic, Milan Robinson, Ray M. Rowe, Donald M., M.D. Sadenwasser, John L. Stavros, Thomas G. Uber, William J. Voborsky, Robert C. Wasko, Peter E. Young, Robert L. Zenz, Carl, M.D. WYOMING (2) Cleaver, Robert E. Harms, Gale D. Associate Grade 167 408 I I I MEMBERS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES ARGENTINA (1) CANADA (continued) Marafloti, Hugo AUSTRALIA (2) Cumpston, A.C., Med. Erkins, John H.J. BELGIUM (1) Brunier, Robert BRAZIL (3) Fonseca, Alcyr de A., M.D. Tsuchida, Koiti VanCeursen, Felix CANADA (67) Adley, Frank E. Bithel, Leonard Bolduc, Jacques Boucher, Bernard D. Bourdages, M. Raoul Brown, John R., Ph.D. Buchwald, H., Ph.D. Budlovsky, Joseph G., M.D. Cimon, M. Gaston Chmara, Peter Dalllnger, John A. Eilers, Annete J. Farant, Jeane-Pierre Fliegl, Rudy J. Franklin, Alexander Gibbs, G.W. Gibson, David E. Gresham, Ralph B. Hui, Hubert V-T. Ife, Donald A. Jegier, Sigmund, Ph.D. John6ton, John H. Katz, Morris, Ph.D. Knight, Geoffrey Lachance, Maurice J. Laham, Souheil, Ph.D. Lee, Robert K. Lockington, John N. MacEachen, Hilbert L. MacPherson, Finlay J. Maidment, Howard Majzner, T.A. Menzies, George E. Monkman, J.L. Murray, Neil Nelson, Hugh M.,P.Engr. Patrick, Allen N. Pelnar, Premysl, M.D. Plamondon, Sarto R. Pullen, Peter F. Rajhans, G.S. Raouf, Abdul, Ph.D. Rennicks, Robert A, Riegert, Alfred L. Rispler, Lawrence O. Ross, Charles R. Pozovsky, Human Rutherford, James G. Sanderson, H.P., Ph.D. Saunders, Gerald A. Scattergood, George Schrag, Kenneth R. Smith, Leonard K. Stephenson, John Stopps, Grodon J., M.D. Sullivan, John L. To, James C. Todd, Henry Verma, Devendra K. Vitols, Valentin, Ph.D. Ward, William M. White, John H. Windish, John P. Wong, Kenneth K.C. Wood, Gerald P., Ph.D. Vourt, G.R. Ziegler, Lester W. CANAL ZONE (2) Baskin, William K. Gauger, George W. COLUMBIA (1) Bernal, Jorge R. DENMARK (1) Grut, Aage, M.D. Associate Grade 16B EGYPT (2) El-Dakhakhny, A., Ph.D. Noweir, Madbuli H., Sc.D. ENGLAND (16) Adam, John A. Blair, Derek Coles, Gerald V. Davies, Morgan H. Duck, Bertram W., M.D. Eyres, Alan R. Hickish, David E., Ph.D. Jansen, J.D., Ph.D. Langley, Edward W. Luxon, Stuart G. Pocock, K.N.J.,D.I.H. Sanderson, James T. Sherwood, Robert J. Steel, John, Ph.D. Thompson, David B. Turner, D., Ph.D. FRANCE (2) Harliac, Jean-Pierre, Ph.D, Truhaut, Rene GERMANY (6) DeGesoro, Roy A. Eich, Jacob, M.D. Immendoerfer, Martin Leichnitz, Kurt Lentge, Horst K. Oettel, Heinz, M.D.,Ph.D. INDIA (1) Chakraborty, M.K..D.Phil. IRAN (2) Samimi, Behzad, Ph.D. Sanai, G.H. ISRAEL (1) Dror, Klaus, M.D. ITALY (6) Alonzo, Enrico, M.D. Giovanardi, Vittorio Parmeggiani, Luigi, M.D. Peyton, Mary Fouse Rubino, Giovanni F. Salvini, Michele, M.D. JAPAN (1) Toyama, Toshio KOREA (2) Chung, Kyou Chall, M.D. Paik, Nam W. NETHERLANDS (1) Blok, Aart C., M.D. NIGERIA (1) Enrinoso, Adebola Ore-Ol^run PERU (2) Alvarez, Horacio A. Bloomfield, J.J. PUERTO RICO (5) Amaro, Ulpiano Aponte, Maria del R. Castro, Fernando J. Garcia-Sharp, Frank Villares, Enrique J. SAUDI ARABIA (1) Davis, Quentin J. SINGAPORE (1) Lee, Martin Chee Kong SPAIN (IS) Albesa-Vilalta, Antonio Bahima, Jose T. Blazquez Martinez, Manual Die Goyanes, Carlos Cobos, Pedro D. Elejalde, Mariano de Leitaola Flores-Pereita, Pedro Associate Grade 169 409 i \i I ! SPAIN (continued) Gonzales, Enrique E. Marti, Antonio V. Matas, Ricardo D. Ribot-Sanchez, Luis Riveira, Vincent Rodriguez-Acosta, Jose F. Rodriguez, Jose M. Vila, Ramon V. SWEDEN (6) Ah 1mark, Axel Gerhardsson, Gideon Ivergard, Toni B.K. Johansson, Mats T., Sc.D. Lindgren, GunnarO., M.D. Lundgren, K.D., M.D. SWITZERLAND (5) El Batawi, Mostafa A., M.D.,Sc.D. Goelzer, Berenice, I.P. Guillenin, Michel P. Kratel, Rudi E., Dr. Mastromatteo, Ernest, M.D. THAILAND (1) Noiphan, Vislth TRANSVAAL (1) Page-Shipp, Roy J. VENEZUELA (4) Asuaje, Fernando, Ph.D. Mayz, Eusebio Paoli, Marcos J. Smith, Erich 170 SUSTAINING MEMBERS (216) (As of June 30, 1975) The American Industrial Hygiene Association acknowledges with appreciation the Sustaining Members who by their membership demonstrate their support of the objectives of the Association. Abbott Laboratories, N. Chicago, IL Aetna Insurance Company Hartford, CT Aetna Technical Service, Inc. Hartford, CT Air Products & Chemicals, Inc Wayne, PA Air Techniques, Inc Baltimore, MD Alabama Dry Dock & Ship building Co., Mobile, AL Allied Chemical Corp. Morristown, NJ Alnor Instrument Co. Niles, IL Aluminum Co. of America Pittsburgh, PA AMAX, Inc., Greenwich, CT American Air Filter Co. Louisville, KY American Can Co. Greenwich, CT American Mutual Insurance Alliance, Chicago, IL American Mutual Liability Insurance Co..Wakefield, MA American Optical Co. Southbridge, MA AMETEK, Inc., Los Angeles, CA The Anaconda Co..Anaconda, MT The Anaconda Co..Tucson, AZ The Anaconda Co. Columbia Falls, MT Analytical Instruments Development, Inc. Avondale, PA Analytical Research Labora tories, Monrovia, CA Arabian American Oil Co. Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Armco Steel Corp. Middletown, OH ARO, Inc., Arnold Air Force Stn., TN ASARCO, New York, NY Asbestos Information Association/N. America, Washington, DC Atlantic Richfield, Los Angeles, CA Autosonics, Inc., Norris town , PA Averill Equipment Co. Troy, MI Ball Corp., Muncie, IN BASF Wyandotte Corp. Geismar, LA Battelle Pacific NW Labs., Richland, WA Beckman Instruments, Inc. Fullerton, CA Bell Telephone Labs., Murray Hill, NJ Bendix Corp..Baltimore,MD Bendix Process Instruments Div., Lewisburg, WV Bethlehem Steel Corp. Bethlehem, PA Bituminous Casualty Corp. Rock Island, IL The Boeing Co.,Seattle,WA Boeing Vertol Company, Philadelphia, PA The Borden Co.,Columbus,OH, Brusnwick Corp..Skokie,IL Brush Wellman, Inc. Cleveland, OH E.D.Bullard Company Sausalito, CA Burlington Industries, In Greensboro, NC Canadian Labour Congress, Ottawa, Ontario Cassiar Asbestos Corp.,Ltd. Cassiar, British Columbia Caterpillar Tractor Co. Peoria, IL Centro de Investigacion de Ingenieria, Ambiental, Buenos Aires, Argentina 410 / SUSTAINING MEMBERS, cont. Chicago Transit Auth., Esso S.A.P.A..Buenos Aires Chicago, IL Argentina Chrysler Corp. Exxon Co., USA, Houston,TX Detroit, MI Exxon Corp., New York,NY Cities Service Co., Farmland Industries, Inc. Tulsa, OK Kansas City, MO Geo. D. Clayton & Assoc., Ferris State College Southfield, MI Big Rapids, MI Colgate-Palmolive Fieldcrest Mills, Eden.NC Jersey City, NJ Fireman's Fund American Colt Industries, Mid land Div.,Midland, PA Insurance Companies, San Francisco, CA Cominco, Ltd., Trail, Ford Motor Co..Dearborn,MI British Columbia Fundacao Centro Nacional de Oompania Shell de Vene Seguaranca, Higiene e zuela, Ltd..Maracaibo, Medicina do Trabalho, Sao Zulia, Venezuela Paulo, Brazil The Continental Ins. Co. General Adjustment Bureau, New York, NY Inc., Chicago, IL H.S.Cover Co., General Electric Co., Buchanan, MI Fairfield, CT Creole Petroleum Corp., General Motors Corp., Caracas, Venezuela Detroit, MI Deere Co., Moline, IL Tiie General Tire Rubber Detrex Chea. Industries,Inc., Co., Akron, OH Detroit, MI GenTex Oorp., Carbondale,PA Detroit Edison Co., Georgia Power Co. Detroit, MI Atlanta, GA Diamond Shamrock Chea.Co., Glendale Optical Co., Inc., Cleveland, OH Woodbury, NY The Dow Chem. Co., Go-Jo Industries, Inc., Midland, MI Akron, OH Dow Chem. USA, Michigan Div., Midland, MI B.F.Goodrich Co., Akron,OH Goodyear Tire Rubber Co., Dow Coming Corp., Midland,MI Akron, OH Draw Oorp., Pittsburgh,PA GTE Automatic Electric, Duo-Aire, Inc.,Kalamazoo,MI Northlake, IL E.I.DuPont de Nemours Co., GTE Sylvania, Danvers, MA Inc., Wilmington, DE Guardian Safety Equipment Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY Co., Philadelphia, PA Gulf Group Co's., Dallas,TX Eastman Kodak Co., Windsor,00 Gulf Oil Canada, Ltd., Eckel Industries, Inc. Toronto, Ontario Cambridge, MA Eli Lilly Oo., Indianpolis, IN Gulf Oil Corp., Houston,TX Hazelton Labs., Inc., Vienna, VA Employers Mutual of Wausau, Wausau, WI Engelhard Industries Div. of Hitchcock Industries, Inc., Minneapolis, MN H.J.Heinz Co., Pittsburgh,PA Engelhard Minerals Chem. Hoffmann-LaRoche.Inc., Corp., Murray Hill, NJ Nutley, NJ Environmental Compliance Honeywell, Inc. Corp., Venetia, PA Minneapolis, MN Esso Brasileria de Petroleo S.A. ,Hooker Chemical Plastics Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Corp., Niagara Falls, NY 172 SUSTAINING MEMBERS, cont. Hughes Aircraft Co., Los Angeles, CA Hydro, Quebec, Montreal ICI United States, Inc. Wilmington, DE Industrial Bio-Test Labs., Inc., Northbrook, IL Industrial Health Foun dation, Pittsburgh, PA Inland Steel Co., Harbor Works, E.Chicago, IN Intematl. Business Machines Corp., Armonk, NY Intematl. Harvester Co., Chicago, IL Intematl. Res. Dev.Corp., Mattawan, MI Intematl. Safety Academy Macon, GA ITT Corp., New York, NY Johns-Manville Corp., Denver, CO Kaiser Alum. Chem.Corp., Oakland, CA Kaiser Industries Corp., Oakland, CA Kawecki-Berylco Industries Reading, PA Komyo Rikagaku Kogo, K.K., Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan The Lab. for Chromatography, Flushing, NY Lear Seigler, Inc. Anaheim, CA Liberty Mutual Ins. Co., Boston, MA London Schl of Hygiene Tropical Medicine, London, England Lone Star Steel Co., Lone Star, TX Love's Bakery, Honolulu, HI Lumbermen's Mutual Casualty Co., Long Grove, IL Mallinckrodt, Inc., St. Louis, MO Marathon Oil Co., Findlay,OH Martin-Marietta Corp., Rockville, MD MDA Scientific, Inc., Park Ridge, IL Michigan Mutual Liability Co., Detroit, MI Millipore Corp., Bed ford , MA Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, PA 3M Co., St. Paul, MN Mobay chem. Co., Pitts burgh, PA Mobil Oil Corp., NY, NY Monsanto Co., St. Louis,MO Motorola, Inc..Chicago,IL McClouth Steel Oorp., Trenton, MI Natl. Environmtal Instrumts Inc., Warwick, RI Natl. Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD Natl. Mine Service Co., Pittsburgh, PA Natl. Safety Council, . Chicago, IL Newport News Industrial Corp. Newport News, VA Niagara Mohawk Power Corp., v. Syracuse, NY N-L.Industries, Magnesium Div. .jr Salt Lake City, UT Norton Co., Worcester, MA Olin Corp., Lake Charles, LA Olin Corp., New Haven,CT Owens-Coming Fiberglas Oorp. Toledo, OH Owens-Illinois, Toledo, OH Pennsylvania Mfgs. Assoc. Ins. Co., Philadelphia, PA Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlesville, OK Pneumafil Oorp., Charlotte, NC Procter Gamble Oo., Cincinnati, OH Pulmosan Safety Equipmt Corp Flushing, t<Y Ramcon, Inc., Memphis, IN Raybestos-Manhattan,Inc., Trumbull, CT RCA Corp., Camden, NJ Republic Steel Corp., Cleve land, OH Research Appliance Co., Cibsonia, PA Reynolds Metals Co., Richmond, VA Rockwell Intematl., Pittsburgh, PA : 1 j , j i 173 411 SUSTAINING MEMBERS, cont. Rohm & Hass Co., Pitts burgh, PA Safety Supply Co., Toronto, Ontario St. Regis Paper Oo., NY,NY Schweizehische Unfallver- sicherungsanstalt Suva, Luzern, Switzerland Scientific Assoc'a., Inc., St. Louis, MO Scott Aviation, S.Haven,MI G.D.Searle Co., Skokie,IL Sentry Ins.,A Mutual Co., Stevens Pt., HI Shell Canada Ltd., Toronto, Ontario Shell Oil Co., Houston, TX Hie Sherwin-Wms. Oo., Cleveland, OH Anatole J. Sipin Co., NY,NY Sociedad Minera El Teniente, Rancagua, Chile S.Carolina Dept, of Health a Envixonmtal Control, Columbia, SC Southern Peru Copper COrp., Tacna, Peru SH Foundation for Res. 6 Education, San Antonio,TX Sperry Rand Oorp., Shreve port, LA Standard Oil Co.(Indiana) Chicago, IL The Standard Oil Co., Cleveland, OH Standard Oil Co. of Calif., San Francisco, CA State Compensation Ins. Fund, San Francisco, CA Stauffer Chem. Co., Rich mond, CA Stewart-Todd Assocs., Inc. Wayne, PA Sugar Beet Prod.Co., Saginaw, MI Sun Oil Co., Marcus Hook, PA Swift & Co., Chicago, IL Tenneco, Inc., Houston, TX Texas Instrumts, Inc., Dallas, TX Tribune Co., Chicago, IL Twin City Testing Eng. Lab., St. Paul, MN Uniroyal, Inc., Middlebury, CT United Nuclear Industries, Inc. Richland, HA U.S.Steel Corp., Pitts burgh, PA Univ. of Hawaii, Hono lulu, HI Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA The Upjohn Co., Kala mazoo, MI OSHA Training Institute, US Dept, of Labor, Rosemont, IL US Testing Co., Inc., Ho boken, NJ Viking Pui{> Div., Houdaille Industries, Inc., Cedar Falls, IA Virginia Chem., Inc., Ports mouth, VA Welsh-A Textron Co., Provi dence, RI Western Electric Co., Inc. New York, NY Westinghouse Electric Corp. Buffalo, NY Westpoint Pepperell, Westpoint, GA Wilks Scientific Corp., S. Norwalk, CT Wilson Prod., Div. ,ESB,' Inc Reading, PA Witoo Chem. Co., Inc. NY,NY 174 Accredited Laboratories The following laboratories have been accredited under the Laboratory Accreditation Program of the American Industrial Hygiene Association, through June 30, 1975.- Abex Corporation Industrial Hygiene Analytical Laboratory 4550 W. 26th Street Chicago, Illinois 60623 C.C.Blackwell,Jr.,M.D..Director Aerojet Solid Propulsion Co. Environmental Data Laboratory P.O.Box 13400 Sacramento, California 95813 P.J.Klass,Ph.D..Director Aetna Life 6 Casualty Company Engineering Industrial Hygiene Laboratory 151 Farmington Avenue Hartford, Connecticut 06115 John M. Robinson,Director American Can Co. Safety Industrial Hygiene Laboratory U.S.Highway 22 Union, New Jersey 07083 J.F.McVeigh, Manager American Metal Climax, Inc. AMAX Laboratory 400 Middlesex Ave. Carteret, New Jersey 07008 R.G.Ernst, Director American Smelting Refining Co. Dept, of Environmental Sciences Laboratory 3422 South 700 West Salt Lake City, Utah 84119 Robert D. Putnam, Ph.D., Director Anderson-Nichols Company, Inc. Air Quality Industrial Hygiene Laboratory 150 Causeway Street Boston, Massachusetts 02114 John Chapin, Ph.D., Director Bethlehem Steel Corporation Environmental Quality Control Homer Research Laboratories Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18016 A.E.Moffitt.Sc.D.,Director i 1 i 175 MT-PWHD-004414 Hanford Environmental Health Foundation Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory P.O.Box 100 Richland, Washington 993S2 Ralph G. Anderson, Director Hartford Insurance Group Environmental Sciences Unit Laboratory Hartford Plaza Hartford, Connecticut 06115 i William G. Meade, Director Honeywell, Inc. Materials Engineering Laboratory 2701 4th Avenue South | Minneapolis, Minnesota 55408 Thomas N. Zenk, Director j ) Interlake, Inc. Interlake Technical Center i Environmental Control Laboratory 150 West 137th St. i Riverdale, Illinois 60627 9 Fred G. Krikau, Director ' International Safety Academy ; Environmental Health Laboratory I 1021 Georgia Ave. Maoon, Georgia 31201 j John G. Etheridge, M.D..Director l' j Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp. | Center for Technology 6177 Sunol Blvd. , Pleasanton, California 94556 j9 H.J.Seim.Ph.D. .Director LFE Corporation j Environmental Analysis Laboratories Div. 1 2030 Wright Avenue Richmond, California 94804 9 Marcel Nathans,Ph.D..Director Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. Industrial Hygiene Laboratory 71 Frankland Road Hopkinton, Massachusetts 01748 Russell W. VanHouten,Director Maryland State Dept, of Health S Mental Hygiene Occupational Health 6 Air Quality Lab. Laboratories Adminiatration-Haward s Biddle Sts. Baltimore, Maryland 21202 Emanuel Kaplan, Sc.D., Director 176 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Industrial Hygiene Laboratory 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Richard I. Chamberlin, Director National Institute for Occupational Safety t Health DLCD, Physical & Chemical Analysis Branch Analytical Services Section 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 John V. Crable, Director National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health Western Area Occupational Health Laboratory P.O.Box 8137 Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 Russell H. Hendricks, Ph.D., Director National Loss Control Services Corp. Environmental Sciences Laboratory Long Grove, Illinois 60049 Mrs. Betty O'Shea, Director Ohio State Div. of Public Health Laboratories Industrial Chemistry Section 1571 Perry Street Columbus, Ohio 43201 C.C.Croft, Sc.D., Director Oregon State Dept, of Human Resources Occupational Health Laboratory 1400 Southwest 5th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97201 Olav Merilo, Director Pedco Environmental Specialists Suite 13 Atkinson Square Cincinnati, Ohio 45238 Lawrence A. Elfers, Director Pennsylvania Dept, of Environmental Resources 922 Health And Welfare Bldg. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120 Virginia M. Vought, Director PPG Industries Barberton Technical Center P.O.Box 31 Barberton, Ohio 44203 Bernard DeWitt, D.Sc., Director Radiation Detection Company 162 Wolfe Road P.O.Box 1414 Sunnyvale, California 94088 Stuart L. Adelman, Ph.D., Director 177 413 v 1 i I , i Chrysler Corporation Industrial Hygiene Services Laboratory P.O.Box 1919 Detroit, Michigan 48231 L.P.Gendernalik, Ph.D., Director Clayton Environmental Consultants, 25711 Southfield Road Southfield, Michigan 48075 Robert D. Soule, Director Inc. Eastman Kodak Company Health and Safety Laboratory Industrial Hygiene Section 1669 Lake Avenue Rochester, New York Robert L. Raleigh, M.D., Director Employers Insurance of Wausau Environmental Health Laboratory 2000 Westwood Drive Wausau, Wisconsin 54401 Robert E. Hawkinson, Director Environmental Sciences Associates, Inc. Industrial Hygiene Analytical Laboratory 175 Bedford Street Burlington, Massachusetts 01803 Reginald M. Griffin, Ph.D., Director General Electric Company Environmental Health Support Laboratory 1285 Boston Avenue Bridgeport, Connecticut 06602 Dale A. Culp, Director General Motors Corporation Industrial Hygiene Department Laboratory G.M.Technical Center 12 Mile t Mound Roads Warren, Michigan 48090 Walter H. Konn, Director Gulf Oil Corporation Industrial Hygiene Laboratory P.O.Box 3240 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230 Jamas 0. Jackson, Ph.D., Director 178 st. Louis County Health Dept. Div. of Laboratories Air Pollution Industrial Hygiene Lab. 801 S. Brentwood Blvd. Clayton, Missouri 63105 Wayne E. Black,Ph.D., Director St. Paul Eire 6 Marine Ins. Co. Environmental Services' Analytical Lab. 494 Metro Square Bldg. 7th C. Robert StreetB St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 Donald J. Larsen, Director Sandia Laboratories Environmental Health Laboratory Division 3311 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87115 Lial W. Brewer, Director South Carolina Dept, of Health 6 Environmental Control Div. of Environmental Health Occupational Health Laboratory 2600 Bull Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201 Edward R. Williams, D.P.H.(Director State of Washington Dept, of Labor Industries Industrial Hygiene Laboratory P.O.Box 207 Olympia, Washington 98501 Charles E. McJilton, Ph.D., Director Union Carbide Corporation Chemicals & Plastics Res. Dev. Dept. P.O.Box 8361 South Charleston, West Virginia 25303 N.H.Ketcham, Director Union Carbide Corporation Ferroalloys Division Laboratory P.O.Box 299 Marietta, Ohio 45750 Paul W. McDaniel, Director Union Carbide Corporation Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Gulf Ooast Area P.O.Box 471 Texas City, Texas 77590 Donald E. Deese, Director i. 179 414 MT-PWHD-004416 Union Carbide Corporation Parma Technical Center Industrial Hygiene Lab. Facility 12900 Snow Road Parma, Ohio 44101 George Jackson, Director University of Cincinnati Kettering Laboratory, Analytical Section 3223 Eden Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45219 B.E.Saltxman,Ph.D.,Director University of Iowa State Hygienic Laboratory Medical Laboratories Bldg. Iowa City, Iowa 52242 H.J-Hausler,Ph.0..Director University of Missouri Environmental Trace Substances Res. Columbia, Missouri 65201 James 0. Pierce,II,Sc.D..Director Ctr. U.S.Army Environmental Hygiene Agency Laboratory Services Directorate Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010 Marshall Steinberg,Ph.D.,0ol..Director West Allis Memorial Hospital Industrial Toxicology Laboratory 0901 West Lincoln Ave. West Allis, Wisconsin 53227 Harold J. Conlon.M.D..Director ISO LOCAL SECTIONS Meeting Plans and Officers ARI20NA- Officers President: Walter C. Holberg Vice Pres: William T. Keane, Sc.D. Secretary-Treas: Marge P. Smith 1724 Bridalwreath Tempe, AZ B5281 CAHOLINAS- Officers President: John C. Lumsden President-elect: Robert W. McCollum Secretary-Treas: Ms. Gloria B. Cann, R.N. Parke, Davis & Co. P.O.Box 360 Greenwood, SC 29646 CHICAGO- Meets the first Wednesday of each month ft . through June (except May and December' .' ' Courts Restaurants, 401 N. Michigan aveix.* Illinois, with dinner at 6:15 P.M. , a Cl Officers: President: Betty O'Shea President-elect: Kenneth A. Phillipo Secretary: John 3. Shockley, Jr. Am..::loan Foundrymen's Society Goir and Wolf Rds. Des Plaines, IL 60016 Treasurer: Robert S. Kassriel, M.D. CONNECTICUT RIVER VALLEY SECTION- Meetings at least three times per year. No definite dates established. Officers: President: Louis Press President-elect: Janet Kapish Treasurer: Steven K. Wheeler Secretary: Eileen Stephenson Aetna Life and Casualty 151 Farmington Avenue Hartford, CT 06156 MT-PWHD-004417 DEEP SOUTH- Three meetings each year, one of which will coincide with the annual meeting of the Louisiana Safety Confer ence held the 2nd week in December. Officersi President: Beverly Pancamo President-elect: Secretary-Treas: J.C.Schonberg Union Carbide Corp. P.O.Box 50 Hahnville, LA 70057 504-783-6861 DELAWARE VALLEY- Meets second Tuesday of alternate months from September to May. Officer: President: Samuel Elkin, Ph.D. President-elect: Walter J. Chrosten Secretary: Edward M. Petruska American Mutual Liability Ins. Co. 67 Long Lane Upper Darby, PA 19082 Treasurer: Martin Ornosky PLORIDA- Two-three meetings per year. Officers: President: Jack MeKichan I President-elect: Boland Byrd Secretary-Treas: Bob Hebblethwaite 2626 Leonid Bd. Jacksonville, FL 32218 GEORGIA- At least one meeting per year. Officers: President: James L. Burson President-elect: Holmes E. Pyles Secretary: Jerry L. Copper Treasurer: Alic C. Farrar International Safety Academy 1021 Georgia Avenue Macon, GA 31201 182 m GULF COAST- Meets the third Tuesday of January, March, May, September, and November. Officers: President: Donald E. Deese President-elect: Bruce Horvath Secretary-Treas: Lee Silverthoroe Dow Chemical Co. P.O.Box K B-101 Freeport, TX 77541 HAWAll- Meets four times per year, normally in January, April, July, and October. Officers: President: Arthur Alper Vice-President: Carl J. Souza Secretary-Treas: Dennis Chew Directors: Jerry Johnson Richard Yawata Charles Began U.S. Dept, of Labor Honolulu Area Office 331 Queen St. Suite 505 Honolulu, HI 96313 I. 6 I. (ILLINOIS 6 IOWA)- Meets four times per year. No definite dates establided Officers: President: Ward W. Bickford President-elect: Thomas A. Selders Secretary-Treas: Thomas M. Snyder Deere Company 1231 - 13th Street E. Moline, IL 61244 INDIANA- Meets three time6 a year, on the fourth Tuesday of October, January and April. Officers: President: Carl S. Ray, M.D. President-elect: Robert E. Gangstead Secretary-Treas: Michael W. Heminger General Electric Oo. 1635 Broadway, Bldg. 21 Fort Wayne, IN 46804 183 416 'V l""| a-, 0J ro MT-PWHD-004418 LAS VEGAS. NEVADA- Minimum of two meetings per year, held at the South west Radiological Health Lab. USPHS, Las Vegas, Nevada. Officers: President: Terry C. Roy President-elect: Carlton Soong Secretary-Tress: Dorothy Morgan 612 Digger St. Las Vegas, NV 69107 METROPOLITAN NEW YORK- Usually four neetings per year, between September and May. Officers: Chairman: Donald R. Lynam, Ph.D. Chairman-elect: John D. Yoder, Sc.D. Secretary-Treas: Ronald T. Richards Texaco, Inc. 135 E. 42nd St. New York, NY 10017 MICHIGAN (Detroit ATea)- Six dinner meetings in Detroit metropolitan area plus one all-day conference during active season of Septem ber through May. Officers: President: Robert S. Ajemian President-elect: Paul A. Jankowski Secretary-Treas: Norman Brusk 22130 Church Oak Park, MI 46237 MID-AMERICA- Of fleers: President: John C. Irwin President-elect: David R. Hackathorn Secretary-Treas: David O. Smart 101 W. 11th St. Kansas City, MO 64114 164 NEW ENGLAND- Pive meetings a year, usually on the third Thursday of January, March, May, September, and November. Meetings are dinner meetings with an all-day meeting in November. Officers: President: Leon D. Horowitz President-elect: Phillip LaTorre Secretary-Treas: Correspond with the President Leon D. Horowitz Chief, Indus. Hygiene Section Home Office Engineering American Mutual Liability Ins. Co. Wakefield, MA 02880 NEW JERSEY- Meets the third Thursday of alternate months from Octo ber through April, and on the first Thursday in June, for dinner at various restaurants in the metropolitan New Jersey area. Officers: President: Ralph M. Gelburd President-elect: George B. Stanton, Jr. Secretary-Treas: Preston C. Shimer 2271 Hill Rd. Westfield, NJ 07090 NORTH TEXAS- Meets four times a year, on the last Monday of January, March, September, and November. Officers: President: Mrs. Karen Jean Rice Vice-president: John Regula Secretary-Treas: Charles W. Reed Director of Indus. Hygiene Texas Employers' Ins. Assoc. P.O.Box 2759 Dallas, TX 75221 NORTHEASTERN OHIOAt least three meetings annually. Officers: President: Douglas Marcero President-elect; Edwin B. Katzenmeyer, Secretary-Treas.: Harold C. Cutter 24201 Yosemite Dr. Euclid, OH 44117 Jr. 417 t-t /vn ^ 0 f e 0008 0634 COPY SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA FOR THE COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES WALTER C. RIGSBY, JOSEPH K. KLOSE and SHELDON H. MANNING, Plaintiffs, vs. JOHNS-MANVILLE, etc., et al., Defendants. EXHIBIT YY EXHIBITS TO THE DEPOSITION OF SHELDON H. MANNING. VOLUME VI, taken Tuesday, March 6, ly79, at Los Angeles, California, before Lucia Moskai, CSR, a Notary Public. -5 Reported by: Lucia Moskai, CSR 1222 No. LA-788-79 RENDEL B. HUTCHINGS Certified Court Reporters LOS ANGELES 90065 3436 N. Figueroa 223-1191 WEST LOS ANGELES 90049 654 N. Sepulveda 472-9578 SANTA ANA 92701 523 N. Grand 547-6169 SAN DIEGO 92101 326 Broadway 233-6227 MT-PWHD-004419 NORTHERN CALIFORNIA(San Francisco Area)- Joint meeting with the Health Physics Society in Septem ber and five dinner meetings on the second Tuesday of odd-numbered months from November to July. Officers: President: Alfredo Salazar President-elect: Thomas Walker Secretary-Treas: Henry J. McDermott Shell Oil Company Walnut Creek, CA 949S6 PITTSBURGH- Five meetings per year at locations and times as the program committee directs. Officers: President: Robert G. Gallaghar President-elect: William Janes Secretary-Treas: Mary Ann Babyak Industrial Health Foundation 5231 Centre Ave. Pittsburgh, PA 15232 OHIO VALLEY(Cincinnati Area)- QUEBEC- Meets fourth Tuesday of the month from October to April at the Engineering Society of Cincinnati Building, 1349 E. McMillan Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. Officers: President: Paul A. Belanger Officers: President-elect: J.F.Perron I President: William Westendorf President-elect: Richard Coomes Secretary: John Kominsky 6808 Leeds Lane W. Cincinnati, OH 46215 Treasurer: Barbara Halterman Services de Protection de 1Environnement Environnement Industriel 9310 St.Laurent, lie estage Montreal H2N 1N4 ROCKY MOUNTAIN(Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming, and El Paso and Amarillo, Texas areau)- OTTAWA, CANADA (Inactive)- Meets several times annually. Meetings are normally held in Ottawa at irregular inter vals as occasion permits. i PACIFIC NORTHWEST (Alaska, British Columbia, Idaho, Mon tana, Oregon and M i T Mats several times annually. Officers: President: Ronald J. Uhle President-elect: Donald R. Parker Secretary-Treas: John Hanschy 7037 Dudley Dr. Arvada, CO 80004 Officers: SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA(Los Angeles Area)- President: Ralph C. Anderson President-elect: A.F.Schoenbom Secretary-Treas: R.J.Hollingsworth Intalco Aluminum Corp. Box 917 Femdale, WA 98248 Dinner meetings at 7:00 P.M. at Taix French Restaurant 1911 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, on the second Thursday of January, March, May, September and November. Officers: President: James M. Bachman President-elect: Pram Notani-Sharma, Dr. P.B. Secretary: Daniel J. Gorberg Republic Indemnity Co. of America 1220 N. Highland Los Angeles, CA 90038 Treasurer: Richard C. Kenen MT-PWHD-004420 416186 187 MT-PWHD-004421 SOUTHERN ONTARIO- Officers: Chairmani G.E.MenzieB Chairman-elect: John H. Johnston Secretary-Treas: Perc Pritchard Dominion Foundries Ltd. P.O.Box 460 Hamilton, Ontario ST. LOUIS- Meetings in October, December, and March. Officers: President: Denver L. Holt President-elect: Dr. John J. Manda Secretary-Treas: Thomas C. Linck 417 Iron Lantern Dr. Ballwin, MO 63011 TENNESSEE VALLEY(Tennessee and portions of southwestern Virginia, western North Carolina, northern Alabama, northern Mississippi, and south western Kentucky)- Meets semi-annually, various locations. Officers: President: T.C.Whitson President-elect: David M. Trayer Secretary-Treas: Ronald J. Young 2910 Scioto St. 513 Sawyer Hall Cincinnati, OH 45221 UPPER MIDWEST(Minnesota, N. Dakota, S. Dakota, and por tions of Iowa and that portion of Wisconsin within a 100-mile radius of the Minneapolis I, -St.Paul region)- Four meetings per year. Officers: I I President: Owen D. Lien President-elect: Donald Larsen Secretary-Treas: Henry Makino Honeywell, Inc. Honeywell Plaza Minneapolis, MN 55408 188 UTAH- Meetings will be held bi-monthly at different locations. Officers: President: Thomas J. Smith, Ph.D. President-elect: William L. Wagner Secretary-Treas: Ilmar Lusis Utah International, Inc. P.O.Box 9289 Salt Lake City, UT 84109 WASHINGTON-BALTIMORE- Four meetings during the year at a convenient site between Washington and Baltimore. Officers: President: David Staples President-elect: David Gioiello Secretary: Ed Radden Treasurer; Paul Steam 340 Ayrhill Ave., N.E. Vienna, VA 22180 Directors: Erroll Hay James Beegan WESTERN NEW YORK- Four meetings per year; one each during the fall, winter, spring, and 6ummer. two meetings are in Bufflao, and two are in Rochester. Officers: President: Joseph Fater President-elect: Forest L. Keister Secretary-Treas: Denese A. Deeds Westingbouse Electric Corp. Box 225 Buffalo, NY 14240 YUMA-PACIFIC SOUTHWEST- Meets annually, February or March. Officers: President: Ruth B. Patty President-elect: Herbert T. Walworth Secretary: Florence Clayton P.O.Box 425 Fallbrook, CA 92808 Treasurer; Gertrude Cralley 419189 O O o CO ! 0", : G..I O'! Manpower and Career Development 1973- Ralph J. Vernon, Ph.D., Chairman 1975--Mary O. Amdur, Ph.D. 1974- Clyde M. Berry, Ph.D. 1975- Walter J. Chrostek 1975-Donald E. Deese 1973--Lawrence W. Hecker, Ph.D. 1973--Edward R. Hermann, Ph.D. 1973-- Philip LaTorre 1974-- Edward D. Leininger 1973-- Robert D. Mahon 1975-- Edward D. Palmes, Ph.D. 1974-- Thomas C. Purcell, Ph.D. 1974-- Frank M. Renshaw, Ph.D. 1973--John P. Sapia 1975- Robert E. Sherriff 1973-Joseph B. Zuzik This committee was inadvertently omitted from the membership directory. Please insert following page 25. 420 MT-PWH D-004422 "**** . Roster of * THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE '9 American Board of Industrial Hygiene, Incorporation 421 MT-PWHD-004423 Roster 1 of THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE 1970-1971 American Board of Industrial Hygiene, incorporated 422 i MT-PWH D-004425 American Academy of Industrial Hygiene OFFICERS AND COUNCIL (Terms begin May 1970) Edward D. Palmes, Ph.D., President (1971) Dohrman H. Byers, Vice President (1971) Paul F. Woolhicii, Secretary (1971) Andrew D. Hosey, Treasurer (1972) Bernard D. Bloomfield, Councillor (1973) Anna M. Baetjer, Sc.D., Councillor (1972) H. F. Schulte, Councillor (1971) W. G. Fredrick, Sc.D., Past President (1971) Herbert T. Walworth, Councillor (1972) (appointed by ABIH) History lu 1950, the Board of Directors of the American Industrial Hygiene Association appointed an ad hoc Committee on Certifi cation in the Field of Industrial Hygiene. Under the chairman ship of Lewis J. Cralley, Ph.D., this Committee reported to the Board on October 10, 1957, recommending that the Association endorse and initiate the establishment of a voluntary certification program for qualified industrial hygienists. In November 1957 the Board of Directors appointed an ad hoc Committee on Certification Standards, under the chairmanship of Henry F. Smyth, Jr., Ph.D. In February 1958 this Committee recommended to the Executive Committee of the Association that the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists should be invited to join with the Association in initiating a certi fication program, and should be invited to delegute six members to join with the ad hoo Committee in planning. Early in 1958 these ACGIH delegates were named, and the resulting Joint Committee on Certification Standards with thirteen members held its first meeting in April 1958, under the chairmanship of Henry F. Smyth, Jr., Ph.D. In March 1959 the Joint Committee recommended to the two Associations that voluntary certification should be conducted by an independent incorporated Board, that the two Associations should sponsor the Board and advance monies for its initial ex penses, that the Joint Committee should be discharged, and that each Association should delegate six of its members to join in organizing the independent Board. During the summer of 1959 the memberships of the two Associations approved the principle Q of voluntary certification, the outline of plans and proposed qual- co ificutions for certification which had been prepared by the Joint... Committee, and the advance of money for initial exi>enses. Each .V,1 organization thereupon delegated six of its members to join in organizing the Board. ~ The twelve delegates held their initial meeting in Rochester, New York on April 24, 1960. A petition for a charter as a non profit corporation under the laws of the Commonwealth of Penn sylvania was approved by the Court of Common Pleas of Alle gheny County September 12, I960, and certified by the Prothono- tary of that County September 26, 1960. The American Board of Industrial Hygiene held its first annual meeting in Pittsburgh on October 28, 1960. ' All diplomates of the American Board of Industrial Hygiene become members of the American Academy of Industrial Hy giene. They remain members in good standing so long as they pay the annual dues assessed by the Board. Those who have re tired from professional activity will remain members in good standing without the payment of annual dues. During 1966 the diplomates activated the American Academy of Industrial Hy giene as a voluntary professional society. 423 MT-PWHD-004426 American Board of Industrial Hygiene, Incorporated Nominated by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Allan L. Coleman..................................... ............ .......... 1970 William G. Fredrick, Sc.D_________ 1972 Andrew D. Hosey............................... 1974 Alan C. Love.............. 1974 E. Lynn Schall____________ 1972 Charles D. Yaffe----------------------------------------------------- 1970 Nominated by American Industrial Hygiene Association James W. Hammond......................................................... 1974 Willis G. Hazard----------------------------------------------------- 1970 Nathan V. Hendricks 1972 Henry F. Smyth, Jr., Ph.D.......................... .................... 1972 Herbert T. Walworth....... ..................... ........................... 1974 Jack H. Wolfsie, M.D___ 1970 Past Members Edgar C. Barnes (AIHA) 1960-61 William R. Bradley (AIHA)____ 1962-68 Lester V. Cralley, Ph.D. (AIHA) _________________ 1960-66 Hervey B. Elkins, Ph.D. (ACGIH) _______________ 1962-68 Louis F. Garber (ACGIH) ..... ......... .......................... 1962-68 Thomas F. Mancuso, M.D. (ACGIH)_____________ 1960-64 Kenneth M. Morse (AIHA) 1960-66 Harry F. Schulte (AIHA) .............. ......................... 1961-64 John C. Soet (ACGIH) ......................... ................... 1960-66 James H. Sterner, M.D. (AIHA) ................................ 1960-64 BOARD OF DIRECTORS (All members of the American Board of Industrial Hygiene, Incorporated are members of the Board of Directors) OFFICERS 1968-1970 Chables D. Yaitfe, Chairman Jagk. H. Woltsis, MJD., Vice-Chairman E. Lyhn Sohaix, Secretary-Treasurer Bylaws American Academy of Industrial Hygiene Preamble The American Beard of Industrial Hygiene Incorporated under the laws of the Common wealth of Pennsylvania in 1960 as a non-profit corporation has as a primary purpose improvement in the practice and educational standards of the profession of industrial hygiene The American Board of Industrial Hygiene in carrying out its objectives certifies individuals as to education, experience and professional ability In the comprehensive practice of industrial hygiene or specialized aspects of the profession. The American Board of Industrial Hygiene by legal action duly recorded in the minutes of the Corporation has indicated that successful candidates for certificates shall attain the status of Diplomats in the American Academy of Industrial Hygiene subject to compli ance with requirements established by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene. Further, the American Board of Industrial Hygiene by legal action duly recorded in the minutes of the Corporation has activated the American Academy of Industrial Hygiene into a non incorporated, voluntary, non-profit, professional society, under the sponsorship of the Corporation to attain the Purpose and Objectives outlined In the Bylaws of the Acsdemy. Article I. Name The name of the organization shall he "American Academy of Industrial Hygiene." Article II. Purpose and Objectives Section l. The purpose of the Academy is to provide leadership in advancing the pro fessional field of industrial hygiene, by raising the level of competence of industrial hygienists and by securing wide recognition of the need for high Quality industrial practice to insure healthful work conditions in the various occupations and industries. To meet this central purpose the Academy must work both within and ouside its own professional group. Its activities shall include but not be limited to: (a) Recruitment and training--develop and conduct programs of recruitment of gradu ates in the sciences and in engineering into the field; promote programs of graduate training in industrial hygiene and consult with the universities and other training pro grams, entrance requirements, curricula and methods of Instruction to insure a Arm base on which to build professional competence; encourage the development of programs f continuing education and training for practicing industrial hygienists through refresher lurses and advanced seminars. (b) Promotion of industrial hygiene--promote recognition by all individuals and ganizations concerned with health maintenance in industry of the need for the highest el of competence in industrial hygiene practice; participate actively in governmental banning committees and hearings and in the parallel efforts of industrial management jroupe and labor organizations to improve and extend occupational health activities; Elaborate with other professional groups in occupational health in pursuit pf common hns and objectives. (c) Advancement of Board Certification--work with the appropriate governmental and _ ivate agencies to secure the widest acceptance and adoption of Certification by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene as a basic qualification for employment in both blic and private industrial hygiene organizations. <d) Cede of Ethics--establish guidelines for ethical conduct in the practice of Industrial giene. lection 2. The Academy is organized as a non-profit association. Its officers shall servo ,thout pay and upon dissolution of the Academy, its assets shall revert to the American d of Industrial Hygiene. action 2. Subject to specific approval by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene, Academy is empowered to accept grants, gifts and monies from foundations, govern- nt, industry and individuals to implement specific objectives within the purpose of the cademy or to implement the objectives of grants made to the American Board of Industrial Hygiene. Article HI. Membership All individuals who are certified by the American Board ot Industrial Hygiene are eligible for membership in the Academy and will maintain active membership by regular payment of duee. O o CO Q Cr*i 424 MT-PWHD-004427 Article IV. Officer* and Council Section I. The officerx of the Academy xhall be the President. the Vice-President, the Secretary, end the Treasurer. Section 2. The Council will consist of the officers plus four Councilors, one of whom shall be appointed by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene for a three year term from the membership of the American Board of Industrial Hygiene, and the immediate 9m*t President end will act as the governing body of the Academy. Section 3. Term of office. The President and the VIce-Preeident shall serve for one year. At the expiration of their terms ths Vice-President shall automatically become the President. The Secretary and the Treasurer wilt serve for three years. The Councilors will serve for three years and one new Councilor will be elected each year so that a completely new Council is not Installed in any year. Section 4. Executive Committee. The Executive Committee will consist of all four officers end will be given such duties as the Council desires. In general, the Executive Committee will report any of its actions to the next scheduled meeting of the Council. Section I. Meetings. The Council shall meet at least once a year at the cell of the President. A quorum will consist of five Council Members. j Section f. Mall Ballot. In the interval between meetings of the Council, action may 1 1 1 be taken by ballots mailed to each Council Member by the Secretary or President, pro* vlded a majority of Council Members return their ballots marked within tbs time stated in the ballot. Article V. Elections Section 1. Nominations of officers and elective directors shall bs made by a nominating committee of three members of the Academy to be proposed by the President and appointed by the Council. At least 90 days before the annual meeting the nominating committee shall select two nominees for each elective office. Names of candidates will be submitted to the Academy Members for action by mall. In ease of a tie vote, the tie shall be reeolved by vote of the Council Section 2. Installation of officers end directors shell take place et the last business ssssion of the annua! meeting. Article VI. Duties of Officers Section 1. The President shall be the principal administrative officer of tbs Academy and of the Executive Committee and Council, and shall preside at all meetings of these groups. He shall perform such other duties ss may be directed by the Council. I 1 Section 2. The Vice-President shall carry out the duties of the President when the latter is absent from a meeting or Is Incapacitated. Section I. The Secretary shall keep accurate record of the transactions of all meetings of the Academy, Council and Executive Committee. He shall carry on correspondence.pf. the Academy, the Council, and tho Executive Committee. Section 4. The Treasurer shall bs custodian of all monies of the Academy. He ebsll^^" receive monies due the Academy and pay ail authorised bills egsinst the Academy. He shall submit his accounts for audit in advance of the annual meeting of tho Councff Ho shall be bonded at the expense of tho Academy. Article VII. Meetings Section 1. There shell be an annual meeting of members of tho Academy to such buxine* as shall be brought before It. ^^00^ BMrtlan I. Tha Council may call .pwlnl meeting. of the membere of tho Academy. SwUon I. For .11 meetings of th. Academy a Quorum shall consist of 10% of tha Members. Article VIII. Dues Dues for membership in the Academy shall be that portion of monies assessed by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene and as allocated by mutual agreement between the- American Board of Industrial Hygiene and the Directors of the Academy to the Academy by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene. Article IX. Amendments Section 1. No amendment to the Bylaws shall change the qualifications for mem* bership. Bcctlen 2. No amendment to the Bylaws shall result in pecuniary gain or profit. Indirect or otherwise, to a member of tho Academy. * Any PN>P<<1 amendment to the Uylawe mu.t be eubmitled In wrIUng to Council and must be signed by Avo Members. The Council shall also have the power to initiate amendments to the Bylaws. Tho Council shall consider ali such amendments and shall submit them to Academy Members for action by mail ballot. Approval shall be given by favorable vote of two-thirds of the ballots returned within 10 days. Members of the American Academy of Industrial Hygiene July 1, 1970 Ackerman, Harry H., (M.A.) Comprehensive Practice 109 Fairmount Drive Bel Air, Md. 21014 (U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency) Adley, Frank E. . Comprehensive Praotioe 407 Cullum St. Richland, Wash. 99352 (Hanford Occupational Health Foundation, Inc.) Adrounie, V. Harry Comprehensive Practice Reeds Road Downingto'vn, R.D. 2, Pa. 19335 Allan, Ralph E., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice GOO Wedgewood Ave. Apt. 11 Upland, Calif. 9178G Alpaugli, Edwin L. Comprehensive Practice International Harvester Co. 401 N. Michigan Ave. Chicago, 111. 60611 Amdur, Marvin L., (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice Buffalo Industrial Medical Center 755 Tonawanda St. Buffalo, N. Y. 14207 Amdur, Mary O., (Pli.D.) Toxicological Aspects Harvard School of Public Health 6G5 Huntington Ave. Boston, Mass. 02115 Anderson, David M. (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice Bethlehem Steel Co. Bethlehem, Pa. 18016 Anderson, Darrell E., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Minnesota Dept, of Health University Campus Minneapolis, Minn. 55440 Anderson, Floyd G. Engineering Aspects Branch of Health Research U.S. Bureau of Mines 4800 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 Anderson, Russell K. Comprehensive Practice P. O. Box 197 _ Rutherford, N.J. 07070 (R. K. Anderson Associates, O In) Andresen, William V. ^ cF, Comprehensive Practice -f- 489 Pepperidge Tree Ter. ,J Smoke Rise Butler, N.J. 07405 (American Cyanamid Co.) Ashe, Harry B. Comprehensive Practice Vermont State Department of Health P. O. Box 607 Barre, Vt. 05641 Atkins, Dowis C. _ Comprehensive Practice 204 Crestmont Drive Alvin,Texas 77511 425 Averill, Edward R. Comprehensive Practice Mobil Oil Corp. 150 East 42nd St. New York, N.Y. 10017 Ayer, Howard E. (S.M.) Engineering Aspects U.S. Public Health Service Div. of Occupational Health 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Baetjer, Anna M., (D.Sc.) Toxicological Aspects The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene 615 North Wolfe St. Baltimore, Md. 21205 Baier, Edward J. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 17 Hickory Lane Mechanicsburg, Pa. 17055 (Pennsylvania Department of Health) Baldry, George S., (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice 1450 South Miami Ave. Miami, Fla. 83130 Bales, Ronald E. Comprehensive Practioe 0722 Fernwood Road Bethesdu, Md. 20034 (U.S. Public Health Serv.) Baliff, Jack Comprehensive Practioe Div. of Industrial Hyg. N.Y. State Dept, of Labor 80 Centre St. New York, N.Y. 10018 Ballard, Stanley Conant Engineering Aspects Route 4, Box 86A Easton, Md. 21601 (Retired) Banks, Oneil Mays (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practioe American Petroleum Inst. 1271 Ave. of Americas New York, N. Y. 10020 Barnes, Edgar C. Comprehensive Practioe Beard, Rodney Rau, (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice Stanford Medical Center Stanford, Calif. 94305 Beegan, James A. Engineering Aspects 3012 Beech Avenue Bianconi, William O. Engineering Aspects 7760 Bluebird Drive Jenison, Mich. 49428 Birmingham, Donald J. (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice Wayne State University Westinghouse Electric Corp. 3 Gateway Center, Box 2278 Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230 Barnes, John R. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects E. I. du Pont de Nemours A Co. Haskell Laboratory Newark, Del. 19711 Barrett, Harry (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice IBM--Dept. 413 Monterey and Cottle Roads San Jose, Calif. 95114 Baltimore, Md. 21211 (Maryland St. Health Dept.) Benjamin, Charles T. Comprehensive Practice R.D. 1, Chestnut Tree Rd. Honey Brook, Pa. 19344 (U.S. Dept, of Labor) Berg, Byron A. Comprehensive Practioe Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co. Box 512 Milwaukee, Wis. 53201 Berghout, Christian F. School of Medicine Dept, of Dermatology and Syphilology 1400 Chrysler Fleeway Detroit, Mich. 48207 Blankenhorn, John M. Comprehensive Practice Chemical Aspects Occupational Health Research and Training Facility U. S. Public Health Service 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Barrett, James C. Comprehensive Practice Div. of Occupational Health* -- Michigan Dept, of Health Old Dewitt Rd. Lansing, Mich. 48914 % fiffjlfli Engineering Aspects 405 Foster Knoll Dr. Joppa, Md. 21085 (U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency) Bergtholdt, Charles P., Baumann, Willard H. Comprehensive Practice United States Steel Corp. Gary Steel Works Gary, Ind. 46402 -fF? ' "?* (M.P.H) eM-'' . Comprehensive Practice jlOhief Occupational Med. " Branch (DC3) ASA Manned Spacecraft Center Bavley, Harold ouston, Tex. 77058 Blocker, Hyman Comprehensive Practice 2451 Janet Lee Drive La Crescenta, Calif. 91214 (Univ. of California, Los Angeles) Bloomfield, Bernard D. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practioe Michigan Dept .of Health Div. of Occupational Health 3500 North Logan St. Lansing, Mich. 48914 Engineering Aspects Div. of Occupational Hyg. Mass. Dept, of Labor & Ind. 39 Boylston St. Boston, Mass. 02116 Beaman, Reuben., Jr. Engineering Aspects Ivorydale Technical Center Proctor and Gamble Co. Cincinnati, Ohio 45217 ry, Clyde., (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice Inst, of Agricultural Med. State University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 62240 Bessmer, Daniel J., (M.A.) Comprehensive Practice Lid. Hyg. Div., Code 730 Puget Sound Naval Shipyd. TlrAmArfnn. 98314 Bloomfield, John J. Comprehensive Practioe Casilla 2117 Lima, Peru (Pan American Health Organization) Bold, Carl D. (Se.D.) Comprehensive Practice Monsanto Co., Medical Dept. St. Louis, Missouri 63166 a.,.-; Q O o CO Q Csi MT-PWHD-004428 8 9 426 Bolton, Paul B. Comprehensive Practice 4516 Lilliput Lane Las Vegas, Nev. 89102 (Reynolds Electrical and Engineering Go., Inc.) Bonney, Thomas B. Chemical Aspects Aluminum Company of America 1501 Alcoa Building Pittsburgh, Pa. 15219 Bovee, II. II. (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice F401 Health Sciences Bldg. University of Washington Seattle, Wash. 98105 Boylen, George W., Jr. Comprehensive Practice and Chemical Aspects 2 Ledgewood ltd. Wilmington, Muss. 01887 (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Brief, Richard S. Bum ford, Forrest H. Comprehensive Practice Comprehensive Practice Esso Research and New Hampshire Dept, of Engineering Co. Health and Welfare P. O. Box 45 Div. of Public Health Linden, N. J. 07036 61 South Spring St. Brieger, Heinrich, (M.D.) Concord, N. H. 03301 Toxicological Aspects Bumsted, Howard E., 2031 Locust St. (M.Ch.E.) \ Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Comprehensive Practice (Jefferson Medical College) 303 McElheny Road Brodsky, Allen, (Sc.D.) Radiological Aspects Glenshaw, Pa. (United States Steel Corp.). 2047 Brookfield Drive Burgess, William A., (M.S.) Boone, Francis W. (M.S.) Bradley .William R., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Pittsburgh, Pa. 15243 (Dept, of Occupational Engineering Aspects Harvard School of Comprehensive Practice Pan-Am World Arways Health & Safety Dept. P.O. Box 2057 Jackass Flats, Nev. 89023 William R. Bradley and Associates 72 County Road Tenafly, N. J. 07670 (Consultant) Health, University of Pittsburgh) Brower, John F., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Standard Oil Co. (Indiana) Public Health 665 Huntington Ave. Boston, Muss. 02115 Burk, Chapman (M.S.) Radiological Aspects Borawski, Edward Chemical Aspects Medical Department U.S. Naval Propellant Plant Indian Head, Md. 20640 Brady, John P. Comprehensive Practice Edel Laboratories 18 Green St. Newark, N. J. 07102 Borcherding, Charles H., Jr. Comprehensive Practice Abex Corp., Medical Dept. 4550 W. 26th St. Chicago, 111. 60623 Bossard, Floyd C. Comprehensive Practice Brandt, Allen D., (Sc.D.) Engineering Aspects ~ Bethlehem Steel Co. Bethlehem, Pa. 18016 Brasch, Jerome K. (M.S.) Engineering Aspects 1905Williamsburg Cti S. League City, Tex. 77573 910 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago, 111. 60680 Brown, Carlton E., (Sc.D.) Chemical Aspects 629 Biggs Avenue Frederick, Md. 21701 (Retired) Brown, Harold V. (Dr.P.H.) Comprehensive Practiae 6008 Chariton Ave. Los Angeles, Calif. 90056 (University of California, Los Angeles) Buchwald, Herbert (Ph.D.) 2716 Del Monte Ave. El Cerrito, Calif. 94530 (Mare Island Naval Shipyard) Butler, George J. (M.P.H.) o Comprehensive Practice HEW-WAHOL co P.O. Box 8137 Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 cF, Byers, Dohrman H., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice School of Public Health Univ. of Michigan Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104 Byrd, Roland E., (M.S.). 2901 Edwards Butte, Mont. 59701 (Brown and Root, In< Comprehensive Practice 10437 - 135th St. Comprehensive Practice Medical Dept., Box 16 I Breysse, Peter A. (M.P.H, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada U. S. Naval Air Station Bovee, Clifton W. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice World Health Organization P.O. Box 242 Saigon, Vietnam Comprehensive Practice University of Washington Env. Health Div. Dept, of Prey. Med. Seattle, Wash. 98105 (Alberta Dept, of Health) Bulmer, Frederick M. R. (M.B.) Comprehensive Practioe 100 Eastbourne Ave. Jacksonville, Fla. 32212 Calandra, Joseph C. (M.D.) Toxicological Aspects Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories Toronto, Ontario, Canada 1810 Frontage Road (Retired) Northbrook, 111. 60062 MT-PWHD-004429 10 11 427 MT-PWHD-004430 Campbell, Evan E., (M.S.) Chemical Aspects Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory P. O. Box 1663 Los Alamos, N. Mex. 87544 Caplan, Knowlton J., (M.S.) Engineering Aspects Public Health-Room 1112 Mayo ITniv. of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minn. 55455 Caplan, Paul E., (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 259 Coral View St. Monterey Park, Calif. 91754 (California State Depart, of Public Health) Cardillo, William V. Comprehensive Practice 18640 Pasadero Dr. Tarzana, Calif. 91356 (Los Angeles County Health Dept.) Caros, Janet Walkley (M.S.) Chemical Aspects Dept, of Industrial Hyg. Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Ave. Boston, Mass. 02115 Cesta, Ramon P., (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 95 Carrigan Blvd. Merritt Island, Fla. 32952 Chamberlin, Richard I. Comprehensive Practice 133 Center St. RFD No. 1 Hanover, Mass. 02339 (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Chanlett, Emil T., (Prof.) School of Public Health Dept Env. Sciences & Eng. University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, N. C. 27514 Chapman, Harlow M. Air Pollution Aspects Industrial Health Engineering Homer Research Laboratories Bethlehem Steel Co. Bethlehem, Pa. 18016 Cheever, Charles L. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Ave. Argonne, 111. 60439 Carpenter, Charles, P. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Mellon Institute 4400 Fifth Ave. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 Castrop, Vincent J. Comprehensive Practice Director, Industrial Hygiene Dept. General Motors Corp. 12 Mile and Mound Roads Warren, Mich. 48090 Chew, F. Freeland, Jr. _ Comprehensive Practice Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 71 Frankland Road Hopkinton, Mass. 01748 Cholak, Jacob Comprehensive Practice Tlio Kettering Laboratory University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Eden and Bethesda Avenues Cincinnati, Ohio 45219 12 Christensen, Herbert E.tD.Sc.) Standard Oil Co. of Calif. 1299 Gien Avenue Berkeley, Calif. 94708 Chrislofano, Emil E. Comprehensive Practice Hercules, Incorporated 910 Market St. AVilmington, Del. 19899 Christy, Harlan R. _ Comprehensive Practice Western Electric Co. Dept. 364 2525 Shadeland Ave. Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 Church, Franklin W., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Esso Research and Engineering Co. P. O. Box 101 Florham Park, N. J. 07932 Clarke, John H. Engineering Aspects 17 S. Thurlow Hinsdale, 111. 60521 (Union Carbide Corp.) Clayton, George D. Comprehensive Practice 14125 Provost Detroit, Mich. 48227 (George D. Clayton & Associates, Inc.) Clelaml, John G. Comprehensive Practice 11 Riddle Road Highland Park Camp Hill, Pa. 17011 (Retired) Cochran, Kenneth W., (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104 Cohen, Jerry J. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 1009 Via Madrid Livermore, Calif. 94550 (University of California, Radiation Laboratory) Coleman, Allan L. Comprehensive Practice 468 Fern St. West Hartford, Conn. 06107 (Retired) Column, Hugh C. Comprehensive Practice HEW-WAHOL P.O. Box 8137 Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 Collins, Raymond J., (M.S.) Engineering Aspects 616 Powell Drive Ft. Walton Beach, Fla. 32548 (U.S. Air Force) Confer, Robert G., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 359 Cypress Drive Colonia, N. J. (Esso Research Company) .. Cook, Fred, (M.S.) _ Comprehensive Practice " Bituminous Casualty Corp. Rock Island, 111. 61201 Cook, Warren A. Comprehensive Practice School of Public Health University of Michigan Aim Arbor, Mich. 48104 Cooper, W. Clark (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice School of Public Health University of California Berkeley, Calif. 94720 uuu 13 428 CSouchman, Charles E. Comprehensive Practice 608 Fleetwood Street Silver Spring, Md. 20910 (U. S. Department of Public Health) Coward, David D. Comprehensive Practice 1077 Pacilic Street Idaho Falls, Idaho 83401 Cralley, Lester V., (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice Aluminum Company of America 1601 Alcoa Building Pittsburgh, Pa. 16219 Cralley, Lewis J., (Plx.D.) Comprehensive Practice Occupational Health Re search & Training Facility U. S. Public Health Service 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Crossmon, Germain C. Comprehensive Practice Bausch and Lomb, Inc. 635 St. Paul St. Rochester, N. Y. 14602 Grothers, Robert B. Comprehensive Practice 1408 Gatewood Court Martinez, Calif. 94553 (Contra Costa County Health Department) Curley, Lawrence C. Comprehensive Practice 9230 Mansfield Detroit, Mich. 48228 (Detroit Department of Health) Cutter, Harold C., (S.M.) Comprehensive Practioe 24201 Yosemite Dr. Euclid, Ohio 44117 (Cleveland Division of Air and Stream Pollution) Cuykendall, Paul Ii. (M.A.) Chemical Aspects 525B N imitz Ave. China Lake, Calif. 93555 (U. S. Naval Ordnance Test Station) Daniels, Edward K. Comprehensive Practice Mobil Oil Corp., Room 1425 150 East 42nd St. New York, N.Y. 10017 Daubenspeck, G. Walker (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 1305 Lafayette Drive Alexandria, Va. 22308 (U.S. Department of Labor) Davis, Doyle M. Radiologocal Aspects R.R. No. 1, Corryton, Tenn. (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) Davis, Irving H. Comprehensive Practice Michigan Dept, of Health Div. of Occupational Health 3500 North Logan St. Lansing, Mich. 48904 Davis, Richard II. Comprehensive Practice Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 1 So. Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 60606 pt . -J. ' '' ' - Deese, Donald E., (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 3024 Inwood Dr. Dickinson, Tex. 77539 (Union Carbide Corp.) Dehne', Edward J., (M.D.) 250 Tahoe Drive Carson City, Nev. 89701 Deichmann, William (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Dept, of Pharmacology University of Miami School of Medicine Box 932, Kendall Station Miami, Fla. 33156 Dieringer, Lawrence F. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Uniroyal, Inc. 1230 Ave. of the Americas New York, N. Y. 10020 Dills, Charles C., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 715 94th St. Everett, Wash. 98201 (Leo A. Daley Co.) Dennis, Richard (M.S.) Engineering Aspects *1 Q Pjj hIt A VO Wakefield, Mass 01880 (Geophysics Corp. of America Dentler, William L. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Mecklenburg Co. Health Dept. 1200 Blythe Blvd. Charlotte, N.C. 28203 De Simone, Charles J. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 39 Stillwold Road Wethersfield, Conn. 06109 (Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Corporation) Devitt, Gerald E., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 35955 Ladywood ltd. Livonia, Mich. 48154 Devorris, Joseph J. Comprehensive Practice 7421 Ruskin Road Philadelphia, Pa. 19151 (Pennsylvania Manufactur ers' Association Casualty Insurance Company) Diamond, Philip, (M.S.) Comprehensive Practioe Environmental Health Laboratory McClellan Air Force Base Sacramento, Calif. 95825 Di Lustro, Salvatore Comprehensive Practice 18 Brentwood Drive Johnston, R.I. 02919 (U. S. Navy) Dizon, Gregorio D., (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice 556 Arkansas St. Ermita, Manila Philippines (Retired) Dooley, Allan E. Comprehensive Practice Texaco Incorporated 135 East 42nd St. New York, N. Y. 10017 Doremus, Kenneth R. Comprehensive Practice Merck and Company, Inc. Railway, N. J. 07065 Douglas, Darrel D. Comprehensive Practice Oregon State Bd. of Health 1400 S. W. Fifth Ave. Portland, Ore. Doyle, Henry N. Comprehensive Practice Nat. Inst. Occup. Health Fiich Stockholm 60, Sweden Dykoski, Kasmer E. _ Comprehensive Practice 6089 James Ave. So. Minneapolis, Minn. 65419 IS 429 MT-PWHD-004432 Edwards, Albert fiomprehenaive Practice 604 W. Camp St. Lebanon, Ind.46052 (Indiana State Bd. of Hlth.) Ege, John F., Jr., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice P. O. Box 305 Argone, 111. 60439 (Argonne National Laboratory) 10614, A. Christine (M.D.) Comprehensive Praotice 629 Euclid Ave. Berkeley, Calif. 94708 (Consultant) Eisenbud, Merril (Sc.D.) Comprehensive Praotice Environmental Protection Administration 2358 Municipal Bldg. New York, N. Y. 10007 Elkins, Hervey B., (Ph.D.) Chemical Aspects Div. of Occupational Hyg. Mass. Dept, of Labor & Lid. 39 Boylston St. Boston, Mass. 02116 Elsbrock, Robert G., (M.P.H.) Chemical Aspects 210 Delgado St. Santa Fe, N. Mex. 87501 (Retired) Eneidi, Walter Comprehensive Praotice P. O. Box 808, Bldg. 175 Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Livermore, Calif. 94550 Esclielbach, Donald L. Comprehensive Praotice Industrial Hygiene Section Chrysler Corp. P.O. Box 1919 Detroit, Mich. 48231 Ettinger, Hurry J. (M.C.E.) Engineering Aspects 55 Navajo Los Alamos, N. M. 87544 (Los Alamos Scientific Lab.) Faliy, John P. Uhemical Aspects 2-A Victoria St. Dorchester, Mass. 02125 (Retired) Fanney, Julius H., Jr., (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 606 Tateswood Dr. Lexington, ICy. 40502 (IBM Corp.-Med. Dept.) Farrah, George H. (M.S.) Chemical Aspects Alcoa Research Laboratories P.O. Box 772 New Kensington, Pa. 15068 Fassett, David W., (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice Laboratory of Industrial Medicine Eastman Kodak Co. Kodak Park, Rochester, N. Y. 14650 Feightner, Clarence C. (Lt. Col.) _ Comprehensive Praotice 2804 Windsor Place Oklahoma City, Okla. 731 (Tinker AFB, Okla.) Feiner, Benjamin Engineering Aspects 3980 Hillman Avenue Bronx, N. Y. 10463 (New York State Department of Labor) 16 Feldsiein, Milton, (M.A.) Chemical Aspects Bay Area Air Pollution Control District 939 Ellis St. San Francisco, Calif. 94109 Felton, Jean S., (M.D.) _ Comprehensive Practice Occ. Healtli Service Los Angeles County Dept, of Personnel 222 N. Grand Ave. Los Angeles, Calif. 90012 Ferber, Benjamin I. Chemical Aspects U. S. Bureau of Mines 4800 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 Ferry, John J. _ # Comprehensive Praotice General Electric Co. 1 River Road, Building 43-202 Schenectady, N. Y. 12306 Feuk, John W., (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 13500 Pleasant Lane Burnsville, Minn. 55378 Ficklen, Joseph B., Ill . Comprehensive Practice 1848 E. Mountain St. Pasadena, Calif. 91104 (Consultant) First, Melvin W. (Sc.D.) Comprehensive Practice 295 Upland Ave. Newton Highlands, Mass. 02161 (Consultant) ^Fischoff, Robert L,. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice U. S. Steel Corp. 525 William Penn Place Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230 Flanugun, Joseph E., Jr. Comprehensive Practice 2755 Ordway St., N.W. Apt. 308 Washington, D.C. g0008 (U. S Public Health Serv.) Flickinger, Charles W., Jr., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Koppers Co., Inc. Monroeville Research Center 440 College Park Dr. Monroeville, Pa. 15146 Flinn, Robert H., (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice 840 Palermo Drive Santa Barbara, Calif. 93105 (Retired) Flowers, Delbert L. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice IBM Corp. 1701 North St. Endicott, N. Y. 13760 Fluck, William Z., Lt. Col., (M.S.) 392 Aero-Med GP Vandenberg AFB California 93437 Fontaine, Jack H. Comprehensive Practice Kelsey-Seybold Clinic Medical Support Services/ DC 5 NASA Manned Spacecraft Center Houston, Tex. 77058 Q O O CO M Fosdick, Lee B., (S.M.) . Comprehensive Practice 680 Grand Ave. Glen Ellyn, 111. 60137 (Argonne National Laboratory) 430 IT P9G MT-PWHD-004433 Fowler, Don G. Comprehensive Practice 71 Mayflower Way Faridiam Common, Bucks England Garber, Louis F. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice Missouri Division of Health V. O. Box 570 Jefferson City, Mo. 65101 Frawley, John P. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Hercules, Inc. Hercules Tower, 910 Market St. Wilmington, Del. 19899 Frazier, Phillip M. Comprehensive Practice 1409 ltittenhouse St. Lynchburg, Va. 24501 (The Babcock and Wilcox Company) Fredrick, William G., (Sc.D.) Comprehensive Practice 18266 Marlowe Detroit, Mich. 48235 (Detroit Dept, of Health) Fulmer, Mrs. Mary R. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 273 Eastmoor Blvd. Columbus, Ohio 43209 (Consultant) Furr, Robert J. < Comprehensive Practice Texas Safety Service 808 North Marsalis Dallas, Tex. (Consultant) Gabis, Max S. Chemical Aspects 630-A Windermere Blvd. Charleston ,S. C. 29407 (Charleston Naval Shipyard) Garrett, Jack T. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Monsanto Chemical Co. 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, Mo. 631G6 Gazia, Rocco, (Ph.D.) Chemical Aspects 318 Magpie Lane Fountain Valley, Calif. 92708 (Retired) Gemmell, Lee (M.S.) Radiological Aspects Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, N. Y. 11973 Gerarde, Horace W., (M.D1 Toxicological Aspects 1 ? 41 Knoll Rd. - Tenafly, N. J. 07670 fc j. '1 (Becton, Dickinson & Co. s$ Rutherford, N. J.) Gerhardsson, Gideon, (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Swedish Employers' Confederation Box 16120 Stockholm 16, Sweden Giever, Paul M. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 1720 Mershon Ann Arbor, Mich 48103 (University of Michigan School of Publio Health) Gallaghar, Robert G. Radiological Aspects Applied Health Physics, Inc. P. O. Box 197 Bethel Park, Pa. 15102 Gilbert, Harry Comprehensive Practice 2140 39th Place, N.W. Washington, D. C. 20007 18 Gill, Wallace E. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 521 W. Clark Olympia, Wash. 98501 (Washington State Dept, of Labor and Industries) Gisclard, J. Brennan, (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 825 Belmonte Park, North Dayton, Ohio 45405 (U. S. Air Force) Gleason, Robert P., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice International Business Machines Box A Essex Junction, Vt. 05452 Goddard, Frank L., Jr. Comprehensive Practice 1236 Catawba St. Kingsport, Tenn. 37660 (Tennessee Eastman Company) Gokelman, Jolrn J. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 2933 Verle Street Ami Arbor, Michigan 48104 Gordon, Lloyd E. Comprehensive Practice 8241 W. 30 Road Harrietta, Mich. 49638 Goren, Sidney, (Sc.D.) Comprehensive Practice 507 Millsway Goleta, Calif. 93017 (U. S. Navy) Gotmer, Henry J. Comprehensive Practice 618 Jonquil Ave. Lisle, 111. 60532 (Retired) Greenburg, Leonard, (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice 44 West 77th St. New York, N. Y. 10024 (Albert Einstein College of Medicine Yeshiva University Bronx, N. Y.) Greschaw, D. A. Comprehensive Practice Ford Motor Co., Medical Bldg. 3001 Miller Road Dearborn, Michigan 48121 Grillo, Gene P. (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice 10 Cumberland Ave. Bradford, Mass. 01830 (Western Electric Co.) Gronka, Paul (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice Pennsylvania Dept, of Hlth. 383 Wyoming Ave. Kingston, Pa. 18704 Gumiel, Alberto B. (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice Institute Nacional de Salud Occupacional Casilla 1832 La Paz-Bolivia Gutekunst, Herbert W. Comprehensive Practice Industrial Hyg. Dept. General Motora Corp. 12 Mile and Mound Roads Warren, Mich. 48090 Hall, William P. Comprehensive Practice 1 Old Flintlock Road Bloomfield, Conn. 06002 (Pratt and Whitney Aircraft, Division of United Air Craft) 19 431 MT-PWHD-004434 Haller, Robert B. (M.S.) Chemical Aspects Mine Safety Appliances Co. 201 North Braddock Ave. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15208 Halley, Paul D. Comprehensive Practice American Oil Co. 910 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago, 111. 60680 Halpin, Walter R. Chemical Aspects 2905 Manns Ave. Baltimore, Md. 21234 (U. S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency) Hamilton, Alice, (M.D.) Toxicological Aspects Hadlyme Ferry Hadlyme, Conn. 06439 (Retired) Hammond, James W. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Dir. of Industrial Hyg. Medical Dept. Humble Oil & Refining Co. P.O.Box 2180 Houston, Tex. 77001 Hannon, J. W. G. (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice 628 Washington Trust Bldg. Washington, Pa. 15301 Hurt, James C. Radiological Aspects Route 1, Box 287A Lenoir City, Tenn. 37771 (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) Haswell, Ralph W., (M.D.) Toxicological Aspects 6 Washington St. Levonia, N. Y. 14487 (Retired) Hatch, Theodore F., (Sc.D.) Comprehensive Practice Templeton Road Fitzwilliam, N. H. 03447 Havens, Bernard J. Comprehensive Practice 29 Windham St. Hartford, Conn. 06106 (United Aircraft Research Labs.) Hazard, W. G., (A.M.) Comprehensive Practice Owens-Illinois, Incorporated P.O. Box 1035 Toledo, Ohio 43601 Hendricks, Nathan V. Comprehensive Practice Standard Oil Co. (N.J.) Room 2400 30 Rockefeller Plaza New York, N. Y. 10020 Harris, Robert L. Jr. (M.S.) Engineering Aspects . Natl. Air. Poll. Control 411 W. Chapel Hill St. Durham, N. C. 27701 Hendricks, Russel H., (Ph.D.) Air Pollution Aspects 2481 Kensington Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 (U.S. Public Health Serv.) Harrold, Gordon C. (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice 1526 Vinsetta Boulevard P. O. Box 21 Royal Oak, Mich. (Consultant) Hendrickson, Ellwood R., (Ph.D.) Air Pollution Aspects Environmental Engineering, Inc. 2324 S.W. 34th St. Gainsville, Fla. 32601 20 Henning, John C. H. Comprehensive Practice Western Electric Co., Inc. Wachovia Bldg., Box 20046 Greensboro, N. C. 27420 Hermann, Edward R., (Ph.D.) Engineering Aspects Environmental Health Engineering The Technological Institute Northwestern University Evanston, 111. 60201 Herrick, Robert A. Comprehensive Practice Resources Research, Inc. 1916 Newton Sq., West Reston, Va. 22070 Hickey, Harrison R., Jr., (Ph.D.) Air Pollution Aspects 2714 Calkins Rd., M.C. Herndon, Va. 22070 Hill, John E. Comprehensive Practice 350 South 38th St. Boulder, Colo. 80302 Hilmes, Howard J. Comprehensive Practice CF & I Steel Corp. \ P.O. Box 316 1 Pueblo, Colo. 81002 ine, C. H., (M.D.) Toxicological Aspects 'he Hine Laboratories 099 Folsom San Francisco, Calif. 94103 Hirsch, Frederic G., (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice Lovelace Foundation 6200 Gibson Blvd. SE Albuquerque, N.M. 87108 Hodge, Harold C., (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Univ. of Rochester Med. Ctr. 260 Crittenden Blvd. Rochester, N. Y. 14620 Holaday, Duncan A., (M.A.) Comprehensive Practice 246 Ardmore Place Salt Lake City, Utah 84103 (Consultant) Hollingsworth, Richard L., (M.S.) Toxicological Aspects 200 Maple Ave., Apt. 300 Falls Church, Va. 22046 Hood, Dorothy B. Toxicological Aspects E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine Wilmington, Del. 19898 Hornberger, Carl S., Jr., n (Ph.D.) O Chemical Aspects 13 Carole Rd. ... Newark, Del. 19711 n"! (Haskell Labs., E. I. duPoqfc Wilmington, Del.) Horowitz, Leon D. Engineering Aspects 78 Macon Rd. Burlington, Mass. 01803 (American Mutual Liability Ins. Co., Wakefield, Mass.) Hosey, Andrew D. Comprehensive Practice 7400 Montgomery Road Cincinnati, Ohio 45236 21 432 Hough, Warren A. Comprehensive Practice 18 Marshall Phelp9 Rd. Windsor, Conn. 06095 (Retired) Houghton, Joseph A. Comprehensive Practice Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. 175 Berkeley St. Boston, Mass. 02117 Hoyle, Harold R. Comprehensive Practice The Dow Chemical Co . Midland, Mich. 48640 Huckeba, George W. Comprehensive Practice Liberty Mutual Insur. Co. 828 W. Peachtree St., N.W. Atlanta, Ga. 80302 Huffman, Dean Dewitt Comprehensive Practice Industrial Commission of Ohio 700 West Third Ave. Columbus, Ohio 43212 Hunter, Colin G., (M.D.) Toxicological Aspects Shell Research Ltd. Tunstall Lab. Sittingbourne, Kent, Eng. Hyatt, Edwin C. Comprehensive Practice Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory P. O. Box 1663 Los Alamos, N. M. 87544 Irving, Robert L. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice cSSOl John C. Lodge Detroit, Michigan Iwashita, Sadamoto, (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 3915 Lurline Drive Honolulu, Hawaii (Hawaii Department of Health) Jacobson, Keith H., (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Lab. of Env. Medicine Tulane Univ. School of Medicine 1700 Perdido St. New Orleans, La. 70112 Jacoe, P. W. Comprehensive Practice Colorado Dept, of Health 4210 East 11th Ave. Denver, Colo. James, Henry R. Engineering Aspects 9150 E. Center Ave.. Apt. 11A Denver, Colorado 80231 (Air Weather Command, Scott AFB, 111.) Janes, William C., (M.P.H.)t| Comprehensive Practice ' United States Steel Corp. 525 William Penn Place Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230 Jankowski, Paul A. Comprehensive Practice Detroit Bureau of Industrial Hygiene 8801 John C. Lodge Detroit, Mich. 48202 Ingram, Fred R., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 90 Panoramic Way Walnut Creek, Calif. 94595 (Consultant) Janous, John A., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. 3 Gateway Center Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230 2 Jaworski, Harry E., (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 19481 Burt Road Detroit, Mich. 48219 (Detroit Health Dept.) Johnson, William S., (M.S.) Radiological Aspects 115 LaPaloma Santa Fe, N. Mex. 87501 (Eberline Instrument Corp.) Jenny, Raymond J. Air Pollution Aspects American Cyanamid Co. Bound Brook, N. J. 08805 Jensen, Carl R., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice U.S. Public Health Service Box 8137 Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 Jensen, Leonard L., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 651 Fisher Road Grosse Pointe, Mich. 48230 American Iron & Steel Inst. 888 16th St., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 Jeremias ,Martin W. Engineering Aspects State of New York--Dept, of Labor Div. of Industrial Hygiene 80 Centre St. New York, N. Y. 10013 Johnson, George A. Laughlin, (Cmdr.-Ret.) Comprehensive Practice Country Club Towers, ' Apt. 201 2400 So. Glebe Road Arlington, Va. 22206 (Retired) ohnson, William S. Comprehensive Practice Medical Center Bethlehem Steel Co. Bethlehem, Pa. 18015 Johnston, James C., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 2411 N. Rockingham St. Arlington, Va. 22207 (Retired) Johnston, John H., (M.A.) Comprehensive Practice Imperial Oil Limited 111 St. Clair Ave. W. Toronto 7, Canada Jones, Allen R. (S.M.) Comprehensive Practice Medical Division Esso Research and Engineering Co. P.O. Box 172 Linden, N. J. 07036 Jones, Herbert H. Engineering Aspects Department of Health, Education and Welfare Public Health Service 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 __ o 0:1 o o Jones, Robert A . Comprehensive Practice _ U.S. Navy Toxicology Unit National Naval Medical Qjynt.ftr Bethesda, Md. 20014 Jordan, Harry S., (M.E.)_ Comprehensive Practice Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos, N. Mex. 87544 433 MT-PWHD-004436 Judd, Stanley H., (M.P.H.) Kennedy, William R., Jr. Comprehensive Practice Radiological Aspects Standard Oil Co. of Calif. Los Alamos Scientific 225 Bush St. Laboratory San Francisco, Calif. 94120 Box 1663, Los Alamos, Jung, Francis P.; (M.S.) New Mexico 87544 Comprehensive Practice Div. of Ind. Health Tennessee Dept, of Public Health Nashville, Tenn. 37219 Keppler, J. Fred Comprehensive Practice Indiana State Board of Health 1330 West Michigan St. Kainiala, Alphonse J., (M.S.) Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 Comprehensive Practice 2447 East Grand Blvd. Detroit, Mich. 48211 (Detroit Bureau of Industrial Hygiene) Kalmon, Ben (M.S.) Radiological Aspects Ketcham, Newton H. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 1919 Massey Circle S. Charleston, W. Va. 25303 (Union Carbide Chemical Company) 1037 22nd St. King, Roland W., Jr.,(M.P.H.) Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 Comprehensive Practice (Goodyear Atomic 1075 Sweet Drive Corporation) San Jose, Calif. 95129 Kay , Kingsley K. (Ph.D.) (Santa Clara Health Dept.) Comprehensive Practice Kingsley, Willard E. (M.S.) 174 East 74th St. Comprehensive Practice !l New York, N.Y. 10021 108 Claggett St. Keenan, Robert G., (M.S.) Brooks AFB I Chemical Aspects San Antonio, Tex. 78235 30320 Southfield Road Apt. A-65 Kingsley, William H. Southfield, Mich. 48075 Comprehensive Practice, 9630 Elvin, N. E. ^ I Kehoe, Robert A., (M.D.) Albuquerque, N. M. 87*jjl2 1 Comprehensive Practice (Sandia Corporation) The Kettering Laboratory University of Cincinnati Kirschner, Leon I. (M.S.) College of Medicine Eden Ave. Cincinnati, Ohio 45219 Kennedy, James L. Comprehensive Practice Industrial Hazard Analyst 7650 Lavergne Ave. Skokie, 111. 60076 Comprehensive Practice 201 Ridge Road Bel Air, Md. 21014 (U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency) Kline, Edward M., (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice General Electric Co. 570 Lexington Ave. New York, N. Y. 10022 24 Kline, Hubert S. Comprehensive Practice Frigidaire Division General Motors Corp. 300 North Taylor St. Dayton, Ohio 45401 Klinsky, Joseph W. Comprehensive Practice University of Iowa State Hygienic Lab. Medical Lab. Bldg. Iowa City, Iowa 52240 Kneessy, Alfred D., Lt. Col. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice U.S. Army Medical Center APO San Francisco 96331 Konn, Walter H. _ Comprehensive Practice Industrial Hyg. Dept. General Motors Corp. 12 Mile and Mound Roads Warren, Mich. 48090 Kortsha, Gene X. Comprehensive Practice Industrial Hyg. Dept. General Motors Corp. 12 Mile and Mound Roads Warren, Mich. 48090 Kossack, William C. (S.M.) Engineering Aspects 753 Cordilleras Ave. San Carlos, Calif. 94070 (Lockheed Missiles and Space Co.) Krause, Leonard A. (D.Sc.) Comprehensive Practice 19 Wellsweep Road Branford, Conn. 06450 (Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation) Kruse, Carl Comprehensive Practice Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 6006 Wilshire Blvd. Los Angeles, Calif. 90036 Kumler, Kathleen Chemical Aspects Industrial Hyg. Dept. General Motors Corp. 12 Mile and Mound Roads Warren, Mich. 48090 Kusnetz, Howard L. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Bur. of Occ. Safety & Health 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Kyle, Stanley C. Comprehensive Practice 1301 Ingleside Ave. Florence, Ala. 35630 (Tennessee Valley Authority) Labemik, Fred C. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice Minnesota Dept, of Health University Campus c, Minneapolis, Minn. 55440 o Laharn, Souheil, (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Env. Toxicology Prog. c'rj Occupational Health Div. "" Ottawa 3, Ontario, Canada Lake, James W. 4 Comprehensive Practice 4400 Mayflower Lane Las Vegas, Nev. 89107 (Space Nuclear Propulsion Office) Landry, Amedee S., (M.P.H.) Chemical Aspects La Paz (I.D.) Dept, of State Washington, D. C. 20523 26 434 I MT-PWHD-004437 ### Lange, Paul (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice Employers Mutual of Wausau 6620 West Capitol Drive Milwaukee, Wis. 56216 Leahy, Joseph E. Comprehensive Practice 30 Stedman St. Quincy, Mass. 02169 (Massachusetts Institute of Teclmology) L&rgent, Edward J. Comprehensive Practice Resources Research Inc . 1016 Newton Square, West lleston, Virginia 22070 L&Rocque, William R. Comprehensive Practice Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 71 Frankl&nd Road Hopkinton, Mass. 01748 Larsen, Lee B. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 1099 So. Davis Blvd. Bountiful, Utah 84010 Laskin, Sidney Toxicological Aspects Dept, of Industrial Med. New York City Med. Ctr. 650 First Ave. New York, N.Y. 10016 Lavetter, Victor E. Comprehensive Practice 19225 Woodbine, Apt. 25 Detroit, Mich. 48219 (Detroit Department of Health) Lawrence, Pope A. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 5420 York Lane Bethesda Md. 20014 (U.S. Public Health Service) Lee, Douglas H. K. (M.D.) Toxicological Aspects 3204 Arrowwood Dr. Raleigh, N.C. 27604 (National Environmental Health Science Ctr.) Leppard, Leon B. (Ph.D.) Radiological Aspects Environmental Hlth. Branch Ontario Dept, of Health 1 St. Clair Ave., West Toronto 7, Ontario, Canada Levin, Lester (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 149 Windsor Road Yardley, Pa. 19067 (Socony Mobil Oil Co., Inc.) Levinson, Seymour Comprehensive Practice 417 Sycamore Road Portsmouth, Va. (Norfolk Naval Shipyard) Lewis, Leon (M.D.) Toxicological Aspects % Contra Costa Co. Hosp. 2500 Alhambra Ave. Martinez, Calif. 94553 (Consultant) m___ ibsE**^ Leach, Leonard J., Jr. Toxicological Aspects School of Med. & Dentistary University of Rochester P.O. Box 287, Station 8 Rochester, N. Y. 14620 Lieberman, Jesse, (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Philadelphia Dept, of Public Health 500 South Broad St. Philadelphia, Pa. 19146 96 ## Linch, Adrian L. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 14 Gumwood Drive Wilmington, Del. 19803 (E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.) Linsky, Benjamin (M.S.E.) Air Pollution Aspects 1360 Anderson Ave. Morgantown, W. Va., 26505 (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering West Virginia University) Lippmann, Morton (Ph.D.) Engineering Aspects and Comprehensive Practice 337 Grand St. Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 10552 (Consultant) Love, Alan C., (M.S.) Engineering Aspects 2342 Tungley Road Houston, Tex. 77005 Lowe, A. E. Comprehensive Practice California State Dept, of Public Health 2151 Berkeley Way Berkeley, Calif. 94704 Luckens, Mark M. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Director, Institute of Environmental Toxicology & Occup. Hyg. College of Pharmacy University of Kentucky Lexington, Ky. 40506 Lumsden, John C. Engineering Aspects 512 Orange St. Raleigh, N. C. 27609 (North Carolina State Board of Health) Lynch, Jeremiah R. (M.S.) Engineering Aspects U. S. Public Health Service 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Maccioli, John Comprehensive Practice 139 Gilpin Ave. Norfolk, Va. 23503 (Aviation Safety Ctr. Naval Air Sta., Norfolk) MacDonald, William E., Jr. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Dept, of Pharmacology University of Miami School of Medicine P.O. Box 932 Miami, Fla. 33156 MacEwen, James D. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Toxic Hazard Research Unit Aerojet-General Corp. ... P.O. Box 3067 c Dayton, Ohio 45431 j~; MacFarland, Harold N. (Ph.D.) or Toxicological Aspects r'- York University Faculty of Arts & Science Toronto 12, Ontario, Canada Magor, Robert C. (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice 2035 Howell Ave. Richland, Washington 99352 Maguire, Charles J. _ Comprehensive Practice Bur. of Industrial Hyg. and Air Pollution Control Room 406, City Hall, Broad Street Newark, N. J. 07102 27 435 Maier, Albei t A. Comprehensive Practice P.O. Box 156 Marlton, N. J. 08053 (United States Army Munitions Command-- Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa. Maloof, Clarence C. (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice 2 Melch Rd. Lynnfield, Mass. 01940 (A. C. Lawrence Leather Co.) Mancuso, Thomas F. (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice 5127 Ellsworth Ave. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15232 (University of Pittsburgh) Mandell, Leonard C. (M.S.) Engineering Aspects 66 Pitman St. Providence, R. I. 02906 (Consultant) Mangold, Carl A. Comprehensive Practice 1815 Windermere Drive Bremerton, Wash. 98310 (Puget Sound Naval Shpyd.) Manning, Robert F. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Air Pollution Aspects 1305 Goethals Drive Richland, Wash. 99352 (Hanford Env. Health Foundation) Manning, Sheldon H. Comprehensive Practice 6127 Castanea Ave. Lakewood, Calif. 90712 Mansur, Richard H. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Reynolds Metals Co. Richmond, Va. 23218 Marr, William T. (M.S.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice Box 3, Balboa Heights Canal Zone (Panama Canal Company/ Canal Zone Government) Masaitis, John B. t "Comprehensive Practice 32 Falkirk Drive Pittsburgh, Penna.15235 Mason, Morton F. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Parkland Memorial Hospital Dallas, Texas 75235 (University of Texas South western Medical School Matelsky, Isaac Comprehensive Practice Lamp Division General Electric Co. Nela Park, Cleveland, Ohio 44112 Mawhinney, Warren C. Ohemtcal Aspects Back Creek Road Indian Head, Pa. 1544$ (Pennsylvania Department of Health) Mayer, Jack (Lt. Col. USAF Ret.) Chemical Aspects 4262 Via Alta Drive Mobile, Ala. 36609 ,t.. (U.S. Public Health Service, Gulf Coast Shellfish V Sanitation Research CtfeJ Maykoski, Robert T. (Maj.) Comprehensive Practice 2006 Fifth Ave. Sacramento, Calif. 95818 (U.S. Air Force) McAlduff, Harold J. Radiological Aspects 142 Westlook Circle Oak Ridge, Tenn. 37830 (U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) McAllister, Remus G. Comprehensive Practice Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 71 Frankland Rd. Hopkinton. Mass. 01748 McClure, Charles A. Ray (M.S.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 1231 Earnestine St. McLean, Va. 22101 (U.S. Dept, of Labor) McCollister, Donald D. Toxicological Aspects P.O. Box 512 The Dow Chemical Co. Midland, Mich. 48640 McCord, Carey P. (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice 1021 Barton Drive Ann Arbor, Mich. 48105 (Retired) McCormick, William E. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Tim B. F. Goodrich Co. Akron, Ohio 44318 McCormick, William T. Comprehensive Practice Inland Steel Co. 3210 Watling St. East Chicago, Ind. 46312 McDaniel, Paul W. Comprehensive Practice Union Carbide Corp. 270 Park Ave. New York, N. Y. 10017 McDermott, Frederick T. Comprehensive Practice 1386 Avondale, Sylvan Lake Pontiac, Mich. 48053 (Michigan Department of Health) McFee, Donald R. (D.S.I.H.) Comprehensive Practice Argonne National Laboratory, Bldg. 808 9700 South Cass Ave. Argonne, 111. 60439 McGilvray, William A. Comprehensive Practice Shell Chemical Co. P.O. Box 2171 Denver, Colo. McHenry, Charles R. Comprehensive Practice 16 Ridgeview Drive E. Rochester, N.Y. 14445 (Xerox Corporation) McKichan, John D. Comprehensive Practice 510 Schoolcraft Road __ Marquette, Mich. 49855 |==j (Michigan Department of o Health) McLean, Robert O., (M.S.) lyj Comprehensive Practice 130 Mills St. Croswell, Mich. 48422 (Retired) McLouth, Malcolm E. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 1720 Yates Drive Merritt Island, Fla. 32952 (Pan American World Airways, Inc.) McNab, R. Warren > Comprehensive Practice Wyandotte Chemical Corp. Wyandotte, Mich. 48192 29 436 MT-PWHD-004439 McQuary, Wm. A. (M.S.E.) Comprehensive Practice 114 19th St. Dunbar, W. Va. 25064 Meade, William G. Comprehensive Practice Hartford Insurance Group 690 Asylum Ave. Hartford, Conn. 06115 Meigs, J. Wister, (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice Dept, of Epidemiology & Public Health Yale University 60 College St. New Haven, Conn. 06510 Meiter, Edward G. (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice 2557 North 81st St. Milwaukee, Wis. 53213 (Retired) Mellor, Joseph F., Jr. Comprehensive Practice 23 North Wickom Drive Westfield, N. J. 07090 (American Cyanamid Co.) Mendell, H. Robert Comprehensive Practice 374 Vassar Ave. Berkeley, Calif. 94708 (California Department of Public Health) Meyer, William H. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practioe Humble Oil & Refining Co. P.O. Box 3950 Baytown, Tex. 77520 Michaelsen, George S. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice University Health Service University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minn. 55455 Miller, Franklin A. Comprehensive Practice Laboratory of Industrial Medicine Eastman Kodak Co. Kodak Park Rochester, N. Y. 14650 Mitchell, Charles A. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice General Electric Co. Medical Center, 1100 Western Ave. West Lynn, Mass. 01905 Mobley, Harvey R. Comprehensive Practice 401 New Haven Drive Houston, Tex. (Retired) * 1 * Monkman J. Lloyd Chemical Aspects Dept, of Nat'l. Health & Welfare, Env. IUtli. Ctr. Tunney's Pasture Ottawa 3, Ontario, Canada Moore, David E. Comprehensive Practice 467 Bedford Park Ave. Toronto 12, Ontario, Canada (Ontario Dept, of Health) Morgan, James F. Comprehensive Practice a _FS!r; Haskell Laboratory for * * -- Toxicology and Industrial Medicine ^` E. I. du Pont de Nemours r ,, ' ami Co. ` Wilmington, Del. 19898 Morrill, E. Elbridge, Jr., (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 2908 E. 9th St. Tucson, Arizona 85716 (U.S. Pub. Health Service) 80 Morrow, Paul E. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Departments of Radiation Biology & Pharmacology University of Rochester Rochester, N. J. 14620 Nelson, Kenneth W. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice American Smelting & Refining Co. 3422 South 700 West Salt Lake City, Utah 84119 Morse, Kenneth M. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice United States Steel Corp. 625 William Penn Place Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230 Mountain, John T. (M.S.) Toxicological Aspects Occupational Health Research & Training Facility U. S. Public Health Service 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Mudd, Richard D., (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice 1001 Hoyt St. Saginaw, Mich. 48601 (Retired) Neukuckatz, Ernest Comprehensive Practioe Kemper Insurance Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co. 260 Tremont St. Boston, Mass. 02116 Newell, Gordon Wilfred (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Stanford Research Institute Menlo Park, Calif. 94025 Noble, Wesley M. . Comprehensive Practice 2585 Marin Ave. Berkeley, Calif. 94708 (San Francisco Bay Naval Shipyard) i__i Munton, Alexander V. Comprehensive Practice 178 Aldrich Road Portsmouth, N. H. 03801 (Portsmouth Naval Shipyd.) Nau, Carl A. (M.D.) _ Comprehensive Practice University of Oklahoma Medical Center 800 Northeast 13th St. Oklahoma Citv. Okla. 73104 Novak, Nicholas P., (M.P.H,) Comprehensive Practice The Boeing Co. Aerospace Group P. O. Box 3707 Seattle, Wash. 98124 Oglesby, Frank L. < Comprehensive Practice 3053 Cliffside Road Kingsport, Tenn. 37664 (Tennessee Eastman Co.) co i__i ! CX-I in i _fi. 9 4 [elson, Hugh M. Engineering Aspects Environmental Hlth. Branch Ontario Dept, of Health 1 St. Claire Ave., West Toronto 7, Ontario, Canada Olson, Kenneth J. (1`li.D.) Toxicological Aspects The Dow Chemical Co. Midland, Mich. 48640 Biochemical Research Lab. 81 437 I MT-PWHD-004440 O'Neil, Donald P. (S.M.) Comprehensive Practice Argonne National Laboratory Bldg. 14 9700 South Cass Ave. Argonne, 111. 60439 Osborne, Norman H. Comprehensive Practice R.F.D. #5 Penocook, N. H. 03301 Oser, Bernard L. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Food and Drug Research Laboratories, Inc. Maurice Ave. at 58th St. Maspeth, N. Y. 11878 O'Shea, Betty S. Chemical Aspects Lumbermens Mat. Cas. Co. 4750 Sheridan. Road Chicago, 111. 60640 Ota, Minoru Comprehensive Practice 3622 Darryl Court San Jose, Calif. 95130 (Santa Clara County Board of Health) Ott, Ronald R., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice U.S. Dept, of Labor, Rm. 10353 450 Golden Gate Ave. San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Owens, Robert J. Comprehensive Practice 1119 Hillcrest Blvd. Millbrae, Calif. 94030 (Pacific Gas and Electric Company) Paganini, Otto Y. Comprehensive Practice 6104 Shoalwood Ave. Austin, Tex. 78757 (Texas State Health Dept.) Pagnol t<i, Leonard D. (M.S.) Chemical Aspects Div. of Occupational Hyg. Mass. Dept, of Labor & Ind. 39 Boylston St. Boston, Mass. 02116 Palmes, Edward D. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Inst, of Industrial Med. New York University Medical Center 550 First Ave. New York, N. Y. 10016 Parker, Hugh L. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Box 91)735 East Point, Ga. 30344 (Georgia Dept, of Public Health) Parrish, Henry N. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 6154 East 42nd St. Indianapolis, Ind. 46226 (U.S. Naval Avionics Fac.) Paschal, Frank L., Jr. Radiological Aspects P.O Box 748, Plant Zone 5986 Fort Worth, Texas 76101 (General Dynamics/Fort Worth) Patterson, C. Maurice Radiological Aspects E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. Savannah River Plant Aiken, S.C. 29801 Paulus, Harold J. (Ph D.) Comprehensive Practice 4826 Pleasant Ave. Minneapolis, Minn. 55409 (University of Minnesota School of Public Health) 32 Pearce, Seldon J. Chemical Aspects 252 Elwyn Ave. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15234 (Retired) Pierce, William M. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 5 Craigie Circle, Suite 48 Cambridge, Mass. 02138 (Retired) Pendergrass, John A. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 8 M Company 2301 Hudson Road St. Paul, Minn. 65119 Penney, Floyd L. Comprehensive Practice 9129 Mercer Circle Dallas, Tex. 75228 (Liberty Mutual Insur. Co.) Pernell, Carx-oll Comprehensive Practice San Diego Co. Health Dept. 1600 Pacific Hwy. San Diego, Calif. 92101 Perry, Howard B. (M.S.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice International Business Machines Corp. Route 22 Armonk, N. Y. 10504 Peterson, Charles A. Comprehensive Practice Deere & Company John Deere Rd. Moline, 111. 61265 "*w|(eterson, Robert L. Comprehensive Practice 4540 Ashton Drive Sacramento, Calif. 95825 iccolo, Stephen K. Comprehensive Practice 01 High Street TM|v^(ieveie, Mass. 02151 ' ' jpkett, William E., Jr. Engineering Aspects 2337 Lambeth Drive Pittsburgh, Pa. 15241 Piltingsrud, Clarence W. Radiological Aspects The Dow Chemical Co. Rocky Flats Division P.O. Box 888 Golden, Colo. 80401 Piros, Wesley E. Comprehensive Praatioe 37 Julian Dr. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15235 (Westinghouse Electric Corporation) Plamondon, Sarto R., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 4391 Marcil Ave., N.D.G. Montreal, 260, Quebec, Can. Plunkett, John M. Chemical Aspects Alcoa Research Laboratories P.O. Box 772 New Kensington, Pa. 15068 Poppe, Walter H., Jr. Comprehensive Practice The Boeing Co. P.O. Box 3707 Mail Stop 89-51 Seattle, Wash. 98124 Port, Eugene A., (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 5540 Konya Drive Torrance, Calif. 90503 Poth, Edward W. # Comprehensive Practice Route 1, Box 71M-3A Taft, Texas 78390 (Retired) 83 438 # Powell, Charles H. (Sc.D.) Comprehensive Practice Env. Health Center University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 65201 Press, Louis ^ Comprehensive Practice Connecticut State Dept, of Health Hartford, Conn. Pring, Robert T. Comprehensive Practice American Air Filter Co., Ine. 216 Central Ave. Louisville, Ky. 40208 Radcliffe, Jack C. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Ford Motor Co. The American Road Dearborn, Mich. R&ht, Kurt ' Comprehensive Practice 1426 Esquim&lt Ave. Apt. 303 W. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Rainey, Robert S. . Comprehensive Practice Radiological Aspects The Boeing Co. Health and Safety P.O. Box 29100 New Orleans, La.70129 Ramaley, Thomas R., (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 1405 Farrington Drive Merritt Island, Fla. 32952 Raschka, George J. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Minnesota Dept, of Health University Campus Minneapolis, Minn. 65440 Ray, Eugene M. Chemical Aspects 2901 Vegas Valley lid. Las Vegas, Ncv. 89109 (Reynolds Electric & Eng. Co.) Ray, William Howard Radiological Aspects P.O. Box 5953 Bethesda, Md. 20014 (Division of Licensing and Regulation, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission) Reed, Charles W. Comprehensive Practice Texas Employers Insurance Association P.O. Box 2759 Dallas, Tex. 75221 Reichenbach, George S. (S.M.) Engineering Aspects Plant Hospital Bethlehem Steel Co. Sparrows Point Md. 21219 Reid, Frank H. (M.S.) Chemical Aspects 75 So. Broadway White Plains, N'.Y. 10601 Reinhart, Warren H. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 105 East Park Place New Orleans, La. 70121 (Retired) Renes, Lucian E. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 3312 Woodland Road Bartlesville, Okla. 74003 (Phillips Petroleum Co.) Reno, Stanley J. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 818 College Parkway Rockville, Maryland 20850 V. W Retzer, William 11. Comprehensive Practice Medical Division Caterpillar Tractor Co. Peoria, 111. 61602 Riley, Edward C. (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice Laboratory of Industrial Medicine Eastman Kodak Co. Kodak Park Rochester, N.Y. 14650 Roberts, Donald P .(M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice Route 1 Brentwood, Tenn. 37027 (Tennessee Deptartment of Public Health) Rogers, Jack C. Comprehensive Practice Los Angeles City Health Dept. 220 N .Broadway, Rm. 402-H Los Angeles, Calif. 90012 Rook, James H. Comprehensive Practice 104 Oakdene Ave. Teaneck, N. J. 07666 (American Cyanamid Co.) Rosati, Guido J. Comprehensive Practice Head, Industrial Hyg. Div. San Francisco Bay Naval Shipyard Vallejo, California Robinson, Donald B. Comprehensive Practice 65 Golf St. Newington, Conn. 06111 (Travelers Insurance Co.) Rose, Vernon E. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 10990 Carnegie Drive Cincinnati, Ohio 45240 (U.S. Public Health Serv.) Robinson, Kenneth E. Engineering Aspects Industrial Hyg. Dept. General Motors Corp. 12 Mile and Mound Road arren, Mich. 48090 ibinson, John M. Comprehensive Practice 00 Vernon St. lanchester, Conn. 06040 Aetna Life & Casualty Co.) Robson, Charles D. ^ j Air Pollution Aspects >17 Jackie Lane ."^Cincinnati, Ohio 45244 i|(Robert A. Taft Sanitary ' Engineering Center .S. Public Health Service) Ross, Charles R. (M.S.) _ Comprehensive Practice 366 Cunningham Ave. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada _ (Occupational Health Divi sion, Dept, of National Health and Welfare) Rowe, Verald K. (M.S.) Toxicological Aspects Biochemical Research Laboratory - 1803 Bldg. The Dow Chemical Co. Midland, Mich. 48640 Roy, Bernard II. Comprehensive Practice U.S. Steel Corp. Frick Bldg. Room 1910 Pittsburgh, Pa. 15219 o o 34 86 439 MT-PWHD- Rozovsky, Hyinan Engineering Aspects 1687 Bathurst St. Apt. 4 Toronto 10, Ontario, Canada (Consultant) Rudmose, H. Wayne, (Ph.D.) Acoustical Aspects Rudmose Associates, Inc. 2802 Scenic Dr. Austin, Tex. 78703 Ruhf, Russell C. Engineering Aspects Industrial Health Engineer Bethlehem Steel Co. Johnstown, Pa. 15907 Salomon, James L. (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice The Boeing Co.-Wiehita Div. 3801 S. Oliver St. Wichita, Kans. 07201 Saltzman, Bernard E. (Ph.D.) Chemical Aspects Kettering Laboratory Eden & Betliesda Aves. Cincinnati, Ohio 45219 Sansotte, Eric B. (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice School of Public Health Univ. of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Penna. 15213 Rumsey, Donald W. Comprehensive Practice 1133 Fay Blvd. Cocoa, Fla. 32931 (Pan American World Airways) Bunion, Howard E. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 90 W. Chapel Ridge Rd. 1990 Via Segovia La Jolla, Calif. 92037 Sachs, Ronald A. (A.M.) Toxicological Aspects The Upjohn Co. Kalamozoo, Mich. 49001 Sadek, Salah E. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. Nutley, N. J. 07110 Salazar, Alfredo (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Aerojet General Corp. Sacramento Plants Sacramento, Calif. 95813 Sattelmeier, Gerald A., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Chrysler Corp. P.O. Box 1919 Detroit, Mich. 48231 Satterfield, Robert W. (S.M.) Comprehensive Practice 902 South Seminary Park Ridge, 111. 00008 (Lumbermans Mutual Casualty Company) Schafer, Lawrence J. Comprehensive Practice The Kettering Laboratory University of Cincinnati School of Medicine Eden and Betliesda Ave. Cincinnati ,Ohio 45219 Schall, E. Lynn, (M.P.II.) Comprehensive Practice 510 Edgewood Drive (Pollingswood, N. J. 08108 (New Jersey Department of Health) Sclieel, Lester D. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects 49 Ten-Mile Road Amelia, Ohio 45102 (Occupational Health Research and Training Facility, U.S. Public Health Service) Schell, Norman E. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Arizona State Dept, of Hlth. Air Pollution Control Sect. 4019 N. 33rd Ave. Hayden Plaza West Phoenix, Ariz. 85017 Scherberger Richard F. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Laboratory of Industrial Medicine Eastman Kodak Co. Rochester, N. Y. 14650 Schmelzer, Lawrence L. Comprehensive Practice and Chemical Aspects 267 Amherst Ave. Kensington, Calif. 94708 (University of California at Berkeley) Schmidt, Rudolph, Jr. Comprehensive Practice Aetna Insurance Co. 55 Elm St. Hartford, Conn. 06115 Schneider, Edward J. Chemical Aspects Biochemical Research Laltoratory The Dow Chemical Co. Midland, Mich. 48640 Sclmeider, Meier Ghem ical A spects 1208 Point View St. Los Angeles, Calif. 90035 (Lockheed California Co., Div. of Lockheed Aircraft) Schoenborn, Arthur F. Comprehensive Practice 6604 Hazel Green ltd., N.E. Salem, Ore. 97303 (Oregon Workmen's Compensation Board) Schreibeis, Lee J. (M.P.H.) Engineering Aspects 9 Woodview Court Hamburg, N. Y. 14075 (Bethlehem Steel Co.) Schrenk, Helmuth, (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice 514 Bigham Road Pittsburgh, Pa. 15211 (Retired) Schulte, Harry F. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos, N. M. 87544 Schulz, Howard N. Comprehensive Practice .. Iiulustrial Medical Assn. 55 E. Washington St. Suite 1941 Chicago, 111. 60602 Schuman, Marvi.n M. Comprehensive Practice Michigan Dept, of Health Eloise, Mich. 48132 Scott, Russell H. Comprehensive Practice 2003 W. Canal Dr. Kennewick, Wash. 99336 (Battelle-Northwest) Scovill, Russell G. Comprehensive Practice 2145 Heather Lane Saginaw, Mich. r r~ Q UJ O "c"r** 87 440 Sears, Thomas E. Comprehensive Practice 4428 S.E. Arden St. Milwaukee, Ore. 97222 (Oregon State Bd. of Hlth.) Sehl, Fred W. Comprehensive Practice 180 Brimfield Road Wethersfield, Conn. 06109 (Retired) Seifert, Harry E. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 1404 Crestwood Avenue Las Vegas, Nevada Shaffer, C. Boyd (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects 20 Driftway Lane Darien, Conn. 06820 Sharrah, Jacob S. Comprehensive Practice Pennsylvania Manufacturers Association Lisurance Co. Chestnut East Bldg. 841 Chestnut St. Phila., Pa. 19107 Sherman, George A. Comprehensive Practice Dept, of Industrial Relations Div. of Industrial Safety P.O. Box 608 San Francisco, Calif. Sherwood, Robert J. (S.M.) Comprehensive Practice Esso Europe, Inc. c/o Esso Research Centre Abingdon, Berkshire, Eng. Shoemaker, William E. Comprehensive Practice 124 Colonial Ridge Drive Haddonfield, N. J. 08033 (American Mutual Liability Insurance Company) Shone, Lloyd B. (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice 2184 Franklin St. San Francisco, Calif. 94109 (California State Compensa tion Insurance Fund) Siedlccki, Jerome T. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice American Medical Assn. 635 N. Dearborn St. Chicago, 111. 60610 Siegel, Jacob (Capt., M.S.C., USN) Comprehensive Practice U.S. Navy Toxicology Unit National Naval Medical Ctr. Bethesda ,Md. 20014 Silva, Donald G. (M.S.) Engineering Aspects HQS 7AF Box 3504 APO San Francisco 96201 Sinead,Phi Hip E., (M.S.) (Maj.) Engineering Aspects H<| 5 AF, CMR Box 3666 APO SF 96525 Smith, Frank A. (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry P.O. Box 287, Station 3 Rochester, N. Y. 14620 Smith, Ralph G. (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice Environmental Health Labs, Inc. 32740 Northwestern Hwy. Farmington, Mich. 48024 38 Smith, Raymond (M.P.H.) Air Pollution Aspects 8420 Victory Lane Potomac, Md. 20854 (U.S. Pub. Health Service) Smyth, Henry F., Jr. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects 41 Bel Aire Rd. Delmont, Pa. 15626 (Grad. School of Public Health Univ. of Pittsburgh) Snell, Myron A. . Comprehensive Practice 55 Lewis Point Road Buzzards Bay, Mass. 02532 (Retired) Sobol, Oscar J. Comprehensive Practice 985 High St. Alameda, Calif. 94501 (U.S. Naval Air Station, Alameda) Soet, John C. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Director Div. of Occupa tional Health Michigan Dept, of Health Lansing, Mich. 48914 ipeicher, H. Wilbur (M.A.) Comprehensive Practice Spielman, Howard B. (M.A.) Comprehensive Practice 10710 Fehon Circle Cerritos, Calif. 90701 Sprague, George F. Ill (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Chestnut Hill Road Forest Hill, Md. 21050 (U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency) Stalker, AVilliam W. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Univ. of Alabama, Dept, of Public Health Birmingham, Alabama 35202 Starkey, Robert H. (S.M.) Comprehensive Practice 129 Ireland Ave. Cincinnati, Ohio 45218 (National Lead Company of Ohio) Steffee, Elizabeth V. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 44-002 Malukai Drive Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 (Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard Pittsburgh, Pa. 15221 (Westinghouse Electric Corporation) pencer, Howard C. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Biochemical Research Lab. The Dow Chemical Co. Midland, Mich. 48640 1, Charles J. (Ph.D.) toxicological Aspects Continental Can Co. 7622 South Racine Ave. Chicago, 111. 60620 Stephens, John F. Comprehensive Practice Industrial Hyg. Dept. General Motors Corp. 12 Mile and Mound Roads Warren, Mich. 48090 Stem, Arthur C. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Castillian Villa-E7 Ephesus Church Rd. Chapel Hill, N .C. 27514 39 r ry y u u -u H/V\cTl/\l Sterner, James H. (M.D.) Storlazzi, Mario, (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Comprehensive Practice University of Texas Public Health Service School of Public Health J. F. Kennedy Federal Bldg. P. 0. Box 20186, Astrodome Boston, Mass. 02203 Station Houston, Tex, 77026 Suggs, Harry J. (Muj., M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Stevens, Charles H. Regional Environmental Engineering Aspects Health Lab. Stevens and McCoy McClellan AFB, Cal. 95662 Consulting Environmental Engineers P.O. Box 256 Wyomissing, Pa. 19610 Svirbely, Joseph L., (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects FDA, DTE Bur. of Science Stewart, George N. (M.S.) 200 C Street, S.W. Comprehensive Practice Washington, D.C. 20204 Industrial Hygiene Lab. Westingliouse Electric. Corp. East Pittsburgh, Pa. Tebbens, Bernard D. (Sc.D.) Comprehensive Practice School of Public Health Stoddard, David L. (M.S.) University of California Comprehensive Practice Berkeley, Calif. The University of Tennessee Agricultural Res. Lab. 1299 Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge, Tenn. 37830 Terrill, James G., Jr. (M.B.) Radiological Aspects Lulejiun & Assoc., Inc. Stoecker, George C. 1800 No. Kent St. Comprehensive Practice Arlington, Va. 22209 Industrial Hyg. Dept. General Motors Corp. 12 Mile and Mound Roads Warren, Mich. 48090 Thompson, Robert C. (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice General Electric Co. 1100 Western Ave. Stokes, Stewart L. West Lynn, Mass. 01905 Comprehensive Practice New Hampshire State Dept, of Health & Welfare 61 South Spring St. Concord, N. H. 03301 Trasko, Victoria M. Comprehensive Practice U.S. Public Health Service, Occ. Hlth. Research & Training Facility Stokinger, Herbert E. (Ph.D.) 1014 Broadway Toxicological Aspects Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Occupational Health Research & Training Facility U.S. Public Health Service 1014 Broadway Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Trice, Marion F. Engineering Aspects 900 S. W. 12th St. Apt. 109-A Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. 33315 (Retired) 40 Tronunershausen, Alfred J. Comprehensive Practice Kaiser Aluminum & Chem. Corp. 300 Lakeside Dr. Oakland, Calif. 94604 Tubich, George E. Comprehensive Practice 2151 Emerald Ave., N.E. Grand ltapids, Mich. 49505 (Consultant) Tyler, D. A., (M.Ed.) Comprehensive Practice Gulf Oil Co. -- U.S. Medical Dept. P.O. Box 2100 Houston, Tex. Uber, William J. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 112 W. Maple St. Allendale, N. J. (Employers Insurance of Wausau) Uhle, Ronald J., (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice Route 4, liox 515 Evergreen, Colo. 80439 Ura, Chester L., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 19987 Klinger Detroit, Mich. 48234 (Detroit Health Dept.) Utes, Harry II. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice 105 Tingley Place Pullman, Wash. 99163 YValaer, Peter J. jl Radiological Aspects 14213 Chosterfield Road Rockville, Md. 20853 1 (U.S. Pub. Health Service) Van Atta, Floyd A. (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice Bureau of Labor Standards U.S. Department of Labor Washington, D.C. 20210 Van Farowe, Donald E. Comprehensive Practice 4125 Delta River Dr., Rt. 1 Lansing, Mich. 48906 (Mich. Dept, of Health) Van Houten, Russell W. Comprehensive Practice Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 71 Franklin Road llopkinton, Mass. 01748 Varela, Noel J. Comprehensive Practice Bethlehem Steel Corp. Buffalo, New York 14219 Vaughan, Huron L. Engineering Aspects Mississippi State Board of Health P.O. Box 1700 Jackson, Miss. Venable, Emerson Chemical Aspects Hedenburg and Venable 6111 Fifth Ave. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15232 Venable, Fred S. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Medical Dept. Humble Oil & Refining Co. Baton Rouge, La. 70821 Viles, Frederick J., Jr. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Harvard School of Pub. Health Dept, of Ind. Hygiene 665 Huntington Ave. Boston, Mass. 02115 41 442 MT-PWHD-004445 Virchow, Warren E. (M.P.II.) Comprehensive Practice Xerox Corp. P.O. Box 1540 Rochester, N. Y. 14603 Ware, George D. Comprehensive Practice Western Electric Co. 100 Central Ave., Dept. 8155 Kearny, New Jersey 07032 Vorwald, Arthur J. (Ph.D., M.D.) Toxicological Aspects College of Medicine, Wayne State University 1401 Rivard St. Detroit, Mich. 48207 (Retired) Wallach, Abraham (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 487 Clinton Place Newark, N. J. 07112 (Consultant) Walsh, Ralph J., Lt. Col. Comprehensive Practice U.S. Army Environmental Health Agency Edgewood Arsenal, Md. 21010 Walworth, Herbert T. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co. 4750 North Sheridan Road Chicago, 111. 60640 Wands, Ralph C. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice National Academy of Sciences Advisory Ctr. on Toxicology 2101 Constitution Ave. Washington, D. C. 20418 Ward, Wendell L., (Maj.) Comprehensive Practice U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency Edgewood Arsenal,Md. 21010 Washkuhn, Jack W. (M.P.Il.J Comprehensive Practice San Mateo Co. Dept, of Pub Hltli and Welfare 225 - 37th Ave. San Mateo, Calif. 94403 Watkins, Clyde R. Air Pollution Aspects 461 Grandon Drive Hilliard, Ohio (Ohio Dept, of Health) Watson, Harold A. Chemical Aspects 1529 Marie St. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15221 (U.S. Bureau of Mines) Wayne, Lowell G. (Ph.D.) Chemical Aspects 3292 Grand View Blvd. Los Angeles, Calif. 90066 Weber, Herbert J. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice American Foundryrncn's Society Golf and Wolf Roads Des Plaines, 111. 60016 Weil, Carrol S. (M.A.) Toxicological Aspects Mellon Institute 4400 Fifth Ave. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 Weinstein, Martin S.(M.Ch.E.) Comprehensive Practice U.S. Atomic Energy Com. N. Y. Operations Office 376 Hudson St. New York, N. Y. 10014 42 Weller, Louis F. Chemical Aspects 2 South Clinton Ave. Trenton, N. J. 08609 (New Jersey State Dept, of Health) Welty, Carl G., Jr. (M.P.H.) Comprehensive Practice Div. of Operational Safety U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Washington, D.C. 20545 Western, Forrest (Ph.D.) Radiological Aspects 1532 Brookhaven Drive McLean, Va. 22101 (USAEC) Wheeler, Elmer P. Comprehensive Practice Monsanto Co . 800 North Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, Mo. 63166 Whipple, G. Hoyt (Ph.D.) Radiological Aspects School of Public Health The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104 White, Norman G. (Ph.D.) Comprehensive Practice Shell Chemical Co. 2525 Murworth Houston, Texas 77025 Whitman, Newton E. (M.S.) Chemical Aspects Homer Research Laboratories Bethlehem Steel Co. Bethlehem, Pa. 18016 Whittenberger, James L. (M.D.) Toxicological Aspects Harvard School of Public Health 665 Huntington Ave. Boston, Mass. 02115 Willard, Frank J., Jr. Comprehensive Practice 816 E. Dorset St. Philadelphia, Pa. 19119 (Pennsylvania Department of Health) Williams, Edwin G. (M.D.) Radiological Aspects 6560 Colgate Road Jacksonville, Fla. 32217 (Retired) Wilson, George L. Comprehensive Practice The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. Akron, Ohio 44317 Wilson, Lynn D. (Ph.D.) Chemical Aspects 7056 E. Moreland Ave. Scottsdale, Ariz. 85257 (Arizona State. Univ.) Wilson, Robert H. Engineering Aspects 84 South Main St. Pittsford, N. Y. 14534 (University of Rochester Atomic Energy Project) Wilson, William L. (M.S.) * Comprehensive Practice State Dept. Labor & Tnd. 308 E. 4th Ave. Olympia, Wash. 98501 . Winn, Grant S. (Ph D.) Comprehensive Practice Utah Stao Dept, of Health 44 Medical Drive Salt Lake City, Utah 84113 Wisehart, Donovan E. Comprehensive Practice Box 49 Caputa, S. Dak. 57725 48 443 Witherup, Sylvan O. Toxicological Aspects The Kettering Laboratory University of Cincinnati Eden Ave. _ Cincinnati, Ohio 46219 Wolf, Mark A. (M.S.) Toxicological Aspects Biochemical Research Laboratory The Dow Chemical Co. Midland, Mich. 48640 Wolfsie, Jack H. (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice Uniroyal, Inc. 1230 Avenue of the America* New York, N. Y. 10020 Woolrich, Paul F. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice The Upjolin Co. Kalamazoo, Midi. 49001 Worsham, Herbert J. Comprehensive Practice Ind. Dispensary, Bldg. V-9 U.S. Naval Air Station Norfolk, Va. 23511 Wukasch, Martin C. (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice Texas State Dept, of Health 1100 West 49th St. Austin, Tex. 78756 Wuraftic, Joseph (M.S.) Engineering Aspects Division of Occupational Health Rhode Island Dept, of Hlth. 874 State Office Building Providence, R. I. 02903 Wyman, Charles W. Comprehensive Practice 4909 Middaugh Ave. Downers Grove, 111. 60515 (Consultant) Yaffe, Charles D., (M.S.) Comprehensive Practice 2201 Virginia St., Apt. 8 Berkeley, Calif. 94709 Yoder, John D. (Sc.D.) Comprehensive Practice Air Pollution Aspects Standard Oil Co. (N.J.) Medical Dept. Rm. 2400 30 Rockefeller Plaza New York, N. Y. 10020 Young, John R. Comprehensive Praotioe 958 Ventura Ave. Berkeley, Calif. 94707 (California Department of Health) Zapp, John A., Jr. (Ph.D.) Toxicological Aspects Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Wilmington, Del. 19898 Zalek, Joseph . Comprehensive Practice Mine Safety Appliances Co. 201 North Braddock Ave. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15208 Zavon, Mitchell It. (M.D.) Comprehensive Practice The Kettering Laboratory University of Cincinnati Eden and Bethesda Cincinnati, Ohio 45219 DECEASED Since Publication of Previous Roster Lewis, Rudolph P. Licdtka, Frederick A. (Maj.) Comprehensive Practice Comprehensive Practice Pozzani, Urbano C. (M.S.) Toxicological Aspects 44 Geographical Locations of Members in the United States ALABAMA Newell, Gordon Wilfred Bianconi, William O. (Ph.D.) Kyle, Stanley C. Noble, Wesley M. Mayer, Jack (Major, M.S.) Noyes, Alfred M. Stalker, W. W. (M.S.) Ota, Minoru ARIZONA Schell, Norman E., (M.S.) Wilson, Lynn D., (Ph.D.) Ott, Ronald R., (M.S.) Owens, Robert J. Pernell, Carroll Peterson, Robert L. CALIFORNIA Port, Eugene A. (M.P.H.) Allan, Ralph E. (M.S.) Rogers, Jack C. Barrett, Harry (M.S.) Rosati, Guido J. Beard, Rodney Rau, (M.D.) Eiinion, Howard E. (M.P.H.) Blocker, Hyman Salazar, Alfredo, (M.S.) Brown, Harold V. Schmelzer, Lawrence L. Burk, Chapman (M.S.) Schneider, Meier Caplan, Paul E., (M.P.H.) Sherman, George A. Cardiilo, William V. Shone, Lloyd B. (M.D.) Cohen, Jerry J. (M.P.H.) Sobol, Oscar J. Cooper, W. Clark (M.D.) Spielman, Howard B .(M.A.) Crothers, Robert B. Suggs, Harry J. (Capt., M.S.) Cuykendall, Paul R. (M.A.) Tebbens, Bernard D., (Sc.D.) Diamond, Philip, (M.S.) Trommershausen, Alfred J. Einert, A. Christine, (M.D.) Washkulm, Jack W. (M.P.H.) Eneidi, Walter Wayne, Lowell G., (Ph.D.) Feldstein, Milton (M.A.) Yaflee, Charles D. (M.S.) Felton, Jean S., (M.D.) Young, John R. Ficklen, Joseph B., Ill Flinn, Robert H. (M.D.) Fluck, William Z. (M.S.) Gazia, Rocco, (Ph.D.) Goren, Sidney, (Sc.D.) Hine, Charles II., (M.D.) Ingram, Fred R., (M.S.) Judd, Stanley II. (M.P.H.) King, Roland W,, Jr., (M.P.H. ( COLORADO Hill, John E. Hilmes, Howard J. Jacoe, P. W. James, Henry R. McGilvray, William A. Piltingsrud, Clarence W. Wile. Ronald J, (M.P.H.) oo CO Ui Cr*. ICossack, William C. (S.M.) CONNECTICUT Kruse, Carl Coleman, Allan L. Lewis, Leon, (M.D.) DeSimone, Charles J. (M.S.) Ijowe, A. E. Hall, William P. Manning, Sheldon H. Hamilton, Alice, (M.D.) Maykoski, Robert T. (Maj.) Havens, Bernard J. Mendell, H. Robert Hough, Warren A. Krause, Leonard A. (D.Sc.) Meade, William G. 45 44 4 MT-PWH D-004447 Meigs, J. Wister, (M.D.) Press, Louis Robinson, Donald B. Robinson, Jolm M. Schmidt, Rudolph Jr. Sold, Fred W. Shaffer, C. Boyd (Ph.D.) GEORGIA Iluekoba, George W. Parker, Hugh L., (A1.S.) HAWAII Iwushita, Sadamoto. (M.S.) Steffee, Elizabeth V., (M.S.) DELAWARE Barnes, John R., (Ph.D.) ILLINOIS Christofano, Emil E. Alpaugh, Edwin L. Frawley, John P., (Ph.D.) Borcherding, Charles H., Jr. Hood. Dorothy B. Brower, John F., (M.S.) Hornberger, Carl S., Jr., Calandra, Joseph C., (M.D.) (Ph.D.) Cheever, Charles L. (M.S.) Linch, Adrian L, (M.S.) Clarke, John H. Morgan, James F. Cook, Fred, (M.S.) Zapp, John A., Jr., (Ph.D.) Davis, Richard H. Ege, John F., Jr., (M.S.) Fosdick, Lee B., (S.M.) DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Gotrner, Henry J. Doyle, Henry N. Halley, Paul D. Flanagan, Joseph E., Jr. Hermann, Edward R. (Ph.D.) Gilbert, Harry James, Henry R. Svirbely, Joseph L. (Ph.D.) Kirschner, Leon I. (M.S.) Van Atta, Floyd A. (Ph.D.) McFee, Donald R. (D.S.I.H.) Wands, Ralph C. (M.S.) O'Neil, Donald P., (S.M.) Welty, Carl G., Jr. (M.P.H.) O'Shea, Betty S. Peterson, Charles A. Retzer, William R. FLORIDA Satterfield, Robert W. (S.M.) Baldry, George S., (M.D.) Schulz, Howard N. Byrd, Roland E., (M.S.) Siedlecki, Jerome T. (M.S.) Cesta, Ramon P., (M.P.H.) Spiegl, Charles J., (Ph.D.) . Collins, Raymond Jr., (M.S.) Walworth, Herbert T., (M.S.T Deichmann, William B. Weber, Herbert J., (M.S.) (Ph.D.) Wyman, Charles W. Hendrickson, Ellwood R., (Ph.D.) . . MacDonald, William E., INDIANA (Ph.D.) Baumann, Willard H. McLoutli, Malcolm E. (M.S.) Christy, Harlan R. Ramaley, Thomas R. (M.P.H.) Edwards, Albert Rumsey, Donald W. Keppler, J. Fred Trice, Marion F. Williams, Edwin G., (M.D.) 46 McCormick, William T. MASSACHUSETTS Parrish, Henry N., (M.S.) Arndur, Mary O., (Ph.D.) Bavley, Harold IOWA Boylen, George W., Jr. Berry, Clyde M., (i'h.D.) Burgers, William A., (M.S.) Klinsky, Joseph W. Cares, Janet Walkley, (M.S.) Chamberlin, Richard I KANSAS Chew, F. Freeland, Jr. Salomon, James L. (M.D.) Dennis, Richard, (M.S.) Elkins, Hervey, B., (Ph.D.) KENTUCKY Fahy, John P. Fanney, Julius H., Jr., First, Melvin W., (Sc.D.) (M.P.H.) Grillo, Gene 1`., (M.S.) Luckens, Mark M. (Ph.D.) Haswell, Ralph W. (M.D.) Bring, Robert T. Horowitz, Leon D. Houghton, Joseph A. LOUISIANA LaRocque, William R. Jacobson, Keith II., (Ph.D.) Leahy, Joseph E. Rainey, Robert S. Maloof, Clarence C., (M.D.) Reinhart, Warren H., (M.S.) McAllister, Remus G. Venable, Fred S., (M.S.) Mitchell, Charles A. (M.S.) Neukuckutz, Ernest MARYLAND Pagnotto, Leonard D. (M.S.) Ackerman, Harry H., (M.A.) Piccolo, Stephen K. Baetjer, Anna M., (D.Sc.) Pickett, William E. Bales, Ronald E. (M.S.) Pierce, William M., (M.S.) Ballard, Stanley Conant Snell, Myron A. Beegan, James A. Thompson, Robert C., (M.D.) Berghout Christian F. Borawski, Edward Van Houten, Russell W. Viles, Frederick J., Jr. (M.S.) Brown, Carlton E., (Sc.D.) Whittenberger, James L., Couchman, Charles E. (M.D.) Halpin, Walter R. Jones, Robert A. MICHIGAN Kennedy, James L. Lawrence, Pope A (M.S.) Ray, William H. Reichenbach, George S., 3 (S.M.) b' Barrett, James C. Bianconi, William O. Birmingham, Donald J. (M.D.) Bloomfield, Bernard D. (M.S.) Byers, Dohrman H. (M.S.) ^Reno, Stanley J. (M.B.H.) ' Siegel, Jacob, (Capt.) Castrop, Vincent J. Clayton, George D. mPriathgu, eR, aGyemoorgned F(.MI.lPl,.H(.M) .S.) falaer, Peter J. [Valsh, Ralph J. (Lt. Col.) Yard, Wendell L., (Maj.) Cochran, Kenneth W., (Ph.l'.) Cook, Warren A. Curley, Lawrence C. Davis, Irving H. 47 44S MT-PWHD-004448 Devitt, Gerald E. (M.S.) MINNESOTA Eschelbach, Donald L. Anderson, Darrell E., (M.S.) Fredrick, William U., (Sc.D. ) Capian, lvnowlton J., (M.S.) Giever, Paul M., (M.P.1I.) Dyoski, Kasmer E. Gokchnun, John J. (M.S.) Feuk, John W., (M.P.II.) Gordon, Lloyd E. Labernik, Fred C., (M.P.H.) Grescluiw, D. A. Michaelsen, George S., (M.S.) Gutenkunst, Herbert W. Paulus, Harold J., (Ph.D.) Harrold, Gordon C., (Ph.D.) Pendergrass, John A. (M.P.H.) Hovle, Harold It. Raselika, George J., (M.S.) Irving, Hubert L. (M.S.) Jankowski, Paul A. MISSISSIPPI Jaworski, Harry E., (M.P.H.) Vaughan, Huron L. Jensen, Leonard L. (M.S.) Kaimala, Alphonse J., (M.S.) MISSOURI Keenan, Robert G. (M.S.) Bold, Carl D. (Sc.D.) Konn, Walter H. Garber, Louis F., (M.P.H.) Ivortsha, Gene X. Garrett, Jack T. (M.S.) Kumler, Kathleen Powell, Charles H., (Sc.D.) Lavetter, Victor E. Wheeler, Ehner P. McCollister, Donald D. McCord, Carey P. (M.D.) MONTANA McDermott, Frederick T. Bossard, Floyd C. McKichan, John D. McLean, Robert O .(M.S.) NEVADA McNab, R. Warren Bolton, Paul R. Mudd, Richard D., (M.D.) Boone, Francis W. (M.S.) Olsen, Kenneth J., (Ph.D.) Dehne, Edward J., (M.D.) Radcliffe, Jack C., (M.S.) Ray, Eugene M. Robinson, Kenneth E. Seifert, Harry E., (M.S.) Rowe, Verald K. (M.S.) Sachs, Ronald A., (A.M.) NEAV HAMPSHIRE Sattelmeier, Gerald A., (M.S.) Bumford, Forrest H. Schneider, Edward J. Hutch, Theodore F., (ScALUggS* Schuman, Marvin M. Landry, Amedee S., (M.PlH# Scovill, Russell G. Munton, Alexander V. Smith, Ralph G., (Ph.D.) Stokes, Stewart L. Soet, John C., (M.S.) Spencer, Howard C., (Ph.D.) NEW JERSEY Stephens, John F. Anderson, Russell K. Stoecker, George C. Andresen, William V. Tubich, George E. Bradley, William R., (M.S.) Ura, Chester L., (M.S.) Brady, John P. Van Farowe, Donald E. Brief, Richard S. Vorwald, Arthur J., Church, Franklin W., (M.S.) (Ph.D., M.D.) Confer, Robert G. (M.S.) Whipple, G. Hoyt, (Ph.D.) Doremus, Kenneth R. Wolf, Mark S. (M.S.) Gerurde, Horace W., (M.D.) Woolrich, Paul F., (M.S.)' Hendricks, Nathan V. 48 Jenny, Raymond J. McHenry, Charles R. Jones, Allan R. (S.M.) Miller, Franklin A. Maguire, Charles Jr. Morrow, Paul E., (Ph.D.) Mellor, Joseph F., Jr. Rook, James H. Perry, Howard B. (M.S.P.H.) Oser, Bernard L., (Ph.D.) Sadek, Salah E. (Ph.D.) Schall, E. Lynn Palmes, Edward D., (Ph.D.) Reid, Frank II. (M.S.) Shoemaker, William E. Uher, William J. (M.P.H.) Riley, Edward C., (M.D.) Scherberger, Richard F. Wallaeh, Abraham, (M.S.) (M.S.) Ware, George D. Schreibeis, Lee J. (M.P.H.) Weller, Louis F. Smith, Frank A., (Ph.D.) NEW MEXICO Campbell, Evan E., (M.S.) Elsbrock, Robert G. (M.P.H.) Ettinger, Harry J., (M.C.E.) Hirsch, Frederic G., (M.D.) Hyatt, Edwin C. Johnson, William S., (M.S.) Jordan, Harry S., (M.E.) Varela, Noel J. Virchow, Warren E., (M.P.H.) Weinstein, Martin S. (M.Ch.E.) White, Norman G., (Ph.D.) Wilson, Robert H. Wolfsie, Jack H. (M.D.) Yoder, John D. (Sc.D.) Kennedy, William R., Jr. NORTH CAROLINA Kingsley, William H. Chanlet, Emil T. (M.S.) Schulte, Harry F., (M.S.) Christensen, Herbert E. NEW YORK Amdur, Marvin L., (M.D.) Averill, Edward R. Baliff, Jack Banks, Oneil Mays (Ph.D.) Crossmon, Germain C. Daniels, Edward K. (D.Sc.) Dentler, William F. (M.S.) Henning, John C. H. Harris, Robert L., Jr. (M.S.) Lee, Douglas H. K. (M.D.) Lumsden, John C. Stern, Arthur C., (M.S.) Dieringer, Lawrence, (M.S.) OHIO Dooley, Allan E. Ayer, Howard E. (S.M.) Eisenbud, Merril Beaman, Reuben J., Jr. Fassett, David W., (M.D.) Blankenhorn, John M. Feiner, Benjamin Cholak, Jacob Ferry, John J. Cralley, Lewis J., (Ph.D.) Flowers, Delbert L. (M.P.H.) Cutter, Harold C., (S.M.) Gemmell, Lee (M.S.) Greenburg, Leonard (M.D.) Fulmer, Mrs. Mary R. (M.S.) Gisclard, J. Brennan, (M.S.) Hendricks, Nathan V. m Hodge, Harold C. (Ph.D.) Hazard, W. G. (A.M.) Hosey, Andrew D. Jeremias, Martin W. Huffman, Dean DeWitt Kay, Kingsley K. (Ph.D.) Jones, Herbert H. &P Kline, Edward M. (M.D.) Kalmon, Ben (M.S.) Luskin, Sidney Kohoe, Robert A., (M.D.) Leach, Leonard J., Jr. Kline, Huliert S. Lippmann, Morton (S.M.) Kusnetz, Howard L. (M.S.) McDaniel, Paul W. Lynch, Jeremaih R. (M.S.) 49 446 950 MT-PWH D-004449 MacEwen, James D. (Ph.D.) Cralloy, Lester V., (Ph.D.) Matelsky, Isaac Devorris, Joseph J. McCormick, William E., Furiah, George H., (M.S.) (M.S.) Ferbor, Benjamin I. Morrill, E. Elbridge, Jr. Fischoff, Robert L., (M.S.) (M.P.H.) Flickinger, Charles W. Jr., Mountain, John T., (M.S.) (MS.) Pring, Robert T. Gallagher, Robert G. Robson, Charles D. Gronka, Paul (M.P.H.) Rose, Vernon E., (M.S.) Haller, Robert B., (M.S.) Sultzirmn, Bernard E., (Ph.D.) Hannon, J. W. G. (M.D.) Schafer, Lawrence J. Janes, William C. (M.P.H.) Scheel, Lester D. (Ph.D.) Janous, John A., (M.S.) Starkey, Robert H. (S.M.) Johnson, William S. Stoddard, David L., (M.S.) ICoven, Arthur L. (M.D.) Stokinger, Herbert E., (Ph.D.) Levin, Lester (M.S.) Svirbely, Joseph L. (Ph.D.) Lichen, Jan, (M.D., M.P.H.) Trasko, Victoria M. Lieherman, Jesse (M.S.) Watkins, Clyde R. Maic.r, Albert A. Wilson, George L. Mancuso, Thomas F. (M.D. Witherup, Sylvan O. Masaitis, John B. Zavon, Mitchell R., (M.D.) Mawhinney, Warren C. OKLAHOMA Feightner, Clarence C. (Lt. Col.) Nau, Carl A., (M.D.) Renes, Lucian E., (M.S.) Morse, Kenneth M., (M.S.) Osborne, Norman H, Pearce, Selilen J. Pi ros, Weslev E. Plunkett, John M. Roy, Bernard R. OREGON Ruhf, Russell C. Douglas, Darrel D. Sunsone, Eric B. (Ph.D.) Schoenborn, Arthur F. Schrenk, Helmuth H., (Ph.D.) Sears, Thomas E. Sharrah, Jacob S. PENNSYLVANIA Adrounie, V. Harry, Anderson, David M. (Ph.D.) Anderson, Floyd Q. Baier, Edward J., (M.P.H.) Barnes, Edgar C. Benjamin, Charles Bonney, Thomas B. Brandt, Allen D., (Sc.D.) Brieger, Heinrich, (MD.)' Brodsky, Allen, (Sc.D.) Smyth, Henry F., Jr., (Ph.D.) Speicher, H. Wilbur (M.A.) Stevens, Charles H. Stewart, George N. (M.S.) Venable, Emerson Watson, Harold A. Weil, Carrol S., (M.A.) _ Whitman, Newton E., (M.S.)' Willard, Frank J. ' Wiswesser, William J. Zatek, Joseph E. Bumsted, Howard E., (M.Ch.E.) Carpenter, Charles P., (Ph.D.) Chapman. Harlow M. deland, John G. RHODE ISLAND Di Lnstro, Salvatore Mandell, Leonard C., (M.S.) Wuraftic, Joseph, M.S.) 50 SOUTH CAROLINA Gabis, Max S. Patterson, C. Maurice lieinig, William C. SOUTH DAKOTA Wisehart, Donovan E. TENNESSEE Davis, Doyle M. Goddard, Frank L., Jr. Hart, James C. Jung, Francis P., (M.S.) McAlduff, Harold J. Oglesby, Frank L. Roberts, Donald P., (M.P.H.) VERMONT Ashe, Harry B. Gleason, Robert P., (M.S.) VIRGINIA Daubeuspeck, G. Walker, (M.S.) Frazier, Phillip M. Herrick, Iioliert A. Hickey, Harrison R., (Ph.D.) Hollingsworth, Richard L., (M.S.) Johnson, Geo. A. Laugh'lin Johnston, James C., (MS.) Largent, Edward J. Levinson, Seymour Maccioli, John Mansur, Richard H., (M.S.) TEXAS McClure, Charles A. Ray Atkins, Dowis C., (B.S.) Terrill, James G. Jr. (M.B.) Bergtholdt, Charles P., (M.S.P.H.) (M.P.H.) Western, Forrest (Ph.D.) Brusch, Jerome, K., (M.S.) Worsham, Herbert J. Dense, Donald E., (M.P.H.) Fontaine, Jack H. Furr, Robert J. Hammond, James W., (M.S.) Kingsley, Willard E. (M.S.) Love, Alan C., (M.S.) Mason, Morton, F., (Ph.D.) Meyer, William H. (M.S.) Mobley, Harvey R. Paganini, Otto V. Paschal, Frank L., Jr. Penney, Floyd L. Poth, Edward W. Reed, Charles W. lludmose, H. Wayne (Ph.D.) ^ Sterner, James H., (M.D.) .Tyler, D. A., (M.Ed.) WASHINGTON Adley, Frank E. Bessmer, Daniel J., (M.A.) Bovee, H. H. (Ph.D.) Breysse, Peter A. (M.P.H.) Dills, Charles C. (M.S.) Gill, Wallace E., (M.S.) Keene, Arthur R. Magor, Roliert C. (Ph.D.) Mangold, Carl A. Manning, Robert F., (M.S.) Novak, Nicholas P., (M.P.H.) Poppe, Walter H. Jr. Scott, Russell H. Utes, Harry, (M.P.H.) Wilson, William L., (M.S.) Wukasch, Martin C., (M.S.) WEST VIRGINIA u-Lh ICetcham, Newton H., (M.S.) Linsky, Benjamin (M.S.E.) imies, Ronald E., (M.S.) McQuary, William A.,(M.S.E.) dricks, Russel H., (Ph.D.)WISCONSIN aday, Duncan A., (M.A.) Berg, Byron A. Jensen, Carl R. (M.S.) Lange, Paul (M.P.H.) Nelson, Kenneth W-, (M.S.) Meiter, Edward G., (Ph.D.) Winn, Grant S., (Ph.D.) Scholtz, Walter F. 61 447 o CO o C-r-i 0-1 4:- Geographical Locations of Members Outside the United States APO NEW YORK Walsh, Ralph J., Lt. CoL (MSC) CANAL ZONE Marr, William T. (M.S.P.H.) APO SAN FRANCISCO Kneessy, A.D., Lt. Col., Silva, Donald ti., (M.S.) Sinead, Phillip E. Maj. (M.S.) (M.P.1I.) BOLIVIA Gtuniel, Alberto B. (M.D.) ENGLAND Fowler, Don G. Hunter, Colin G., (M.D.) Roach, Stanley A., (Ph.D.) Sherwood, Robert J. (S.M.) CANADA Buchwald, Herbert, (Ph.D.) Bulmer, Frederick M. R., (M.B.) Johnston, John H. (M.A.) Laham, Souheil, (Ph.D.) PERU Bloomfield, John J. PHILIPPINES Dizon, Gregorio D., (M.D.) (Ph.D.) Monkman, J. Lloyd Moore, David E. Nelson, Hugh M. Plamondon, Sarto R. (M.S.) Raht, Kurt Ross, Charles R. (M.S.) Rozovsky, Hyman Sutherland, R. Bruce, (M.D.) SWEDEN Gerhardsson, Gideon (M.S.) VIETNAM Bovee, Clifton W., Col., (M.P.H.) Lj CO o 0*1 cn 448 0008 0666 AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SECTION 1968 Membership Roster i m 449 MT-PWHD-004451 MT-PWHD-004452 I OFFICERS 1968 President * Meier Schneider 1208 Point View Street Los Angeles, California 90035 President-Elect* Eugene A. Port Autonetics Bldg. 68, Dept. 051-70 3311 E. Mira Lome Anaheim, California 92806 Past-President: David A. Kandel Bureau of Occupational Health State Dept, of Public Health 1930 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90057 Secretary-Treasurer* Ralph E. AI I an Kaiser Steel Corporation P.0. Box 217 Fontana, California 92335 The Executive Committee is composed of the President, the President-Elect, the Past-President, the Secretary-Treasurer, and three Executive Board members. The other three members of the Executive Board are* Robert K. Murray Safety Section Aeronutronic Division Ford Motor Company Newport Beach, California (1968) Richard Spates TRW/Space Tech. Labs I Space Park Redondo Beach, California 90278 (1969) Love11 Chase Liberty Mutual Insurance Company 6006 WiI shire Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90036 (1970) 450 MT-PWHD-004453 .3- MEMBERS SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SECTION - AIHA Adley, Frank E. Ind. Hyg. Operation 27l-B Building, 200 E. Area General Electric Company Richland, Washington AlI an, Ralph . Kaiser Steel Corporation P.0. Box 217 Fontana, Californio Atkisson, James B. 2604 East Villa Pasadena, California Bel I, William B. Continental Casualty 2975 WfI shire Boulevard Los Angeles, Calif. 90005 Blejer, Hector P., M.D. Bureau of Occupational Health 1930 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles, Calif. 90057 Blocker, Hy 2451 Janet Lee Drive La Crescent a, California , Ault, Bruce Los Angeles County Health Dept 220 N. Broadway Los Angeles, California 90012 Boettcher, Paul C. Div. of Industrial Safety 3460 WiIshire Boulevard Los Angeles, Calif. 90005 Aumueller, Robert J. 6956 Dwight Way 8 San Bernardino, California 92404^ Brousse, Frederic P. 19521 Shadow Hill Dr Yorba Linda, California 92686 Barfield, Seymour 5610 Rolanda Street Long Beach, California 90815 Beckett, Farley 1508 West Pine Lompoc, California Brown, Harold V. 6008 Charlton Avenue Los Angeles, t California 90056 ( u-1 C- v Brundage, B. M., M.D. Medical Director Atomics International P.0. Box 309 Canoga Park, Calif. Members continued Bryan, Fred, M.D. Department pf Medicine UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles, Calif. 90024 Chaney, Albert L. 1461 E. Chevy Chase Glendale, ' California Bucolo, Giovanni General Atomic P.0. Box 608 San Diego, Calif. 92112 Chase, L. C. Liberty Mutual Ins. Company 6006 Wi1 shire Boulevard Los Angeles, Calif. 90036 Burke, Clifford C. 9148 E. Fairview Avenue San Gabriel, California 91775 Cianko, George M. 525 E. Arrellaga St. Santa Barbara, California (No. 1 Buus, Paul Calif. Inst, of Technology 1201 E. California Blvd. Pasadena, Calif. Caldwell, Robert C. 7828$ Flight Avenue Los Angeles, California 90045 Caplan, Paul >Bureau of Occupational Health j30 Beverly Boulevard Cos Angeles, Calif. 90057 Card!1lo, William V. L.A. County Health Department 220 N. Broadway Los Angeles, Calif* 90012 Cooper, F. C. O o Garrett Corp. co Airesearch Mfg. Company, 9851 Sepulveda Blvd. Jiij Los Angeles, Calif. 90009 Culver, B. Dwight, M.D. . Aerojet-Gen. Corp. Bldg. 160, D-3401 1100 Hoiiyvale Azusa, Cal 1fornia Daniels, Edward K. 612 S. Flower Los Angeles, Cal? fornia 90017 De Graphenread, James 4426 Victoria Los Angeles, California 451 -5-t Members continued Members continued Dennerline, Richard 4703 Coral Way ` La Canada, California * DeNuccio, Paul l. 4051 Lennox Boulevard Lennox* California Discher, David P.* M.D. UCLA Ceneter for Health Sciences Dept, of Prev. Medicine Los Angeles* Calif. 90024 Easley* Charles W. Calif. Ins. of Technology Pasadena* California 91109 Echavez* Honorato S. 2241 Meadowvale Avenue Los Angeles* California 90031 L fir Idc+L Eisen* Jerome Calif. Div. of Ind. Safety 3460 Wilshire Blvd. Los Angeles* Calif. 90005 Elias* Theodore J. Bur. of Air Sanitation 434 San Pedro Street los Angeles, Calif. 90012 Felton* J. S.* M.D. UCLA Medical Center Dept, of Prev. Medicine Los Angeles, Calif. 90024 .1 Fenton* James Johnson & Higgins of Calif. 4201 W]I shire Blvd. Los Angeles* Calif. 90005 J Grant, Henry Di 5336 Lorelei Avenue Lakewood* California Gregory, John H. Continental Casualty 2975 Wilshire Boulevard Los Angeles* Calif. Hoefener* P. R. 19426 Superior Street Northridge* California . Hove* Dale M. 1542 N. Mariposa Avenue Los Angeles, ', California 90027 Ferguson* James T. 3120 Sawtelle Boulevard Los Angeles* . . California 90066 Harnan, James F. U.S. Rubber Company 5675 Telegraph Road Los Angeles* Calif. 90022 Hoxie* E. C.* M.D. Clinical Chem. Ref. Div. 1461 E. Chevy Chase Drive Glendale* Cal if. 91206 Ficklen* Joe 1848 E. Mountain Pasadena* California Foster* Frank J., Jr. 2017 Buchwood Avenue Fullerton California 92631 Harwood, George E. 2316 Colt Road Mi rat este* California 90732 lauger* Louis S. 05 Santa Fe Avenue %rnon, California 90058 Jack* Russel I M. Masonry Columbia Company 530 Riverside Drive Glendale* Calif. 9120$' o Johnson* Lee B. O'l p! Northrop Norair 1263/65 3901 W. Broadway ` Hawthorne* Calif. Genton* Richard G. American Air Filter 6181 York Los Angeles* Calif. 90042 ' ' ( Heacock* James H. Calif. Div. of Ind. Safety 3460 Wilshire Boulevard 1904) Los Angeles* Calif. 90005 Kandel* David A. 1341 Sandy Hook Street West Covina* California 91790 Gittelman* Stanley S. 1009-B E. Balboa Blvd. Newport Beach* California 92661 Hickey* E. C. 22400 Cass Avenue Woodland Hills* California Kemis* Robert D. 3253 Karen Street Long Beach* California 90808 452 MT-PWHD-004454 _# -7Members continued Members continued Kenen, Richard 11823 Killian Street 1 Monte, California Ktascius, Al 1553 Pueblo Drive Glendale, Cal 1fornia Koketsu, Mas 5511 Mt. View Avenue Riverside, Cal Ifornfa Krebsbach, Richard J,, M.D. Northrop Norair 1240/10 3901 W. Broadwoy Hawthorne, Calif. Kruse, Carl Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. 6006 WiI shire Boulevard Los Angeles, Calif. 90036 Levens, Ernest 8212 Calmosa Avenue Whittier, Cel 1fornia Lewis, H. A., M.D. Medical Director Kaiser Steel Corp. P.0. Box 217 Fontanaf Calif. Longley. Mars Y. Aerojet-General Corp. IIOOW. Hollyvale Street Azusa, Calif. 91703 Lusis, Ilmar 12745 Audrey Circle Garden Grove, Cal Ifornia Manning, Robert F. Air Pollution Control Inst* 206 S. Spring Los Angeles, Calif. 90012 Manning, Sheldon Long Beach Naval Shipyan Long Beach, California 90802 Marlow, David I. 9227 Olive Street Temple City, . California 91780 Mauro, Anthony B 4 K Instruments 3787 Cahuenga Boulevard North Hollywood, Calif. 91602 McCashen, Edgar M. Calif. Div. of Ind. Safety 3460 WiIshire Blvd., (906) Los Angeles, Calif. 90005 Medina, Anastacio G, 3831 Heilman Avenue Los Angeles, California 90032 Mi I burn. Burton B. 2442 - 28th Street (4) Santa Monica, California 90405 Mi 11er, Ben H. Bur. of Occupational Health 1930 Beverly Boulevard Los Angeles, Calif. 90057 Munson, Robert Engineering Deportment Northwestern Nat. Ins. Group 816 S. Figueroa Street Los Angeles, Calif. 90017 Murray, Robert K. Safety Section . eronutronic Division ord Motor Company Newport Beach, Calif. I, Michael A. Atomics International P.0. Box 309 * Canoga Park, Calif. 91314 Noyes, Alfred M. 3430 Mountain View Avenue Los Angeles, California 90066 Overman, Rachel 1920 Madera Avenue Lemon Grove, California Pernell, Carroll Bur. of Ind. Hygiene Dept, of Public Heplth Civic Center .... . San Diego, Cal if. Piccot, A. R. . 6150 Fenwood Avenge Wood I and Hills, , . Cal i fornia '`' Port, Eugene A. Autonetics , o- Bldg. 68, Dept. 051-70 3311 E. Mira Loma O Anaheim, Calif. -'j Q Preston, Donald W. 6490 El Roble Street Long Beach, California 90815 . Rea, Alfred H. Env. Health 4 Safety Offi< Univ. of California at : San Diego Lo Jolla, California 92031 Regler, Kenneth R. 25276 Barque Way Dana Point, .. California 4-5ZA MT-PWHD-004455 MT-PWHD-004456 -9Members cont i nued Members continued - '" Reynolds/ Safety E. North American Aviation 5601 W. Imperial Highway Department 51 Los Angeles/ Calif* 90009 Robb* Herbert E. 870 Rosecrans Manhattan Beach/ California Roberts/ Richard L* 351 Mt. View Avenue San Bernardino, California 92401 Roddy, Earle 6533 Laramie Avenue Canoga Park,California 91306 Rogers, Jack C. L.A. County Health Dept. Div. of Radiological Health 220 N. Broadway Los Angeles, Calif. 90012 Rosa, Michael J. 256 E. Ralston San Bernardino, California 92404 Rozas, C. John 7815 Vicky Avenue Canoga Park, California Rummerfield/ Philip S,,D.Sc. Unlv. of Calif., San Diego P.0. Box 109 La Jolla, Calif. 92037 Schneider, Harold W. 17781 Laouise Street N. Palm Springs, California 92258 Schneider, Meier 1208 Point View Street Los Angeles, California 90035 Schriver, Lawrence 117 N. Orchard Street Lompoc, Cal i forni a 934' Si I is, Vincent 900 II iff Pacific Palisades, California Spates, Richard M. 2532 Via Rivera Palos Verdes Estates California 90274 Spielman, Howard B. Hughes Aircraft Company P.0. Box 90919, BJdg. 325/210 Los Angeles, Calif. 90009 Thompson, James 9510 Laramie Chatsworth, Calif. 91311 Tom, Baldwin L.A. Co. Health Dept. 220 N. Broadway Los Angeles, Calif. 90012 Tomer, George M. 14833 Stassen Street Sepulveda, California 91343 Torpy, Thomas F. 17901 Rinaldi Street Granada Hills, California Vortouni, Leo P.0. Box 2071 Newport Beach, California Wayne, L. G. 3292 Grand View Blvd Los Angeles, California 90066 Wenneman, Roy H. 3540 WiIshire Boulevard Los Angeles, Ca|ifornia 90005 -10- Wi 11iams, Dan Teledyne Corporation 1901 Ave. of the Stars Los Angeles, Calif. 90067 Yamamoto, Yoneo Div. of Ind. Hygiene L.A. Co. Health Department 220 N. Broadway Los Angeles, Calif. 90012 o o o CO Cj <7-i ROSTER OF MEMBERSHIP NAVY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION (30 January 1974) } ATHANASIOU, Odyssias Industrial Hygiene Division Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Code 730 Portsmouth, N.H. 03801 Autovon 684-2398 BAKER, Charles W. LT MSC Environmental Preventive Medicine Unit #7 Naples PPO New York 09521 BARBOO, Samuel H. Jr. CDR MSC Assistant for Occupational Health Navy Regional Medical Center Norfolk Naval Shipyard Portsmouth, VA 23709 Autovon 961-3*00 BECKETT, Roger R. Industrial Hygiene Divisio Code 730 . Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Bremerton, Washington 9831 Autovon 439-2729 BORAWSKI, Edward T. Industrial Hygienist Naval Ordnance Station Indian Head, Maryland 20640 Autovon 725-3700, Ext. 242 BYNUM, Robert J. Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center 5333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 BYRD, Roland E. Code MEHI1 Box 16 -Jacksonville, Florida Autovon 942-2841 32212 .COPLAND, Norman D. Industrial Hygiene Division Code 725 Charleston Naval Shipyard Charleston, S.C. 29408 Autovon 794-6100 COREY, David Non Nuclear - Radiological Control Div. Code 105.5 Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Bremerton Washington 98314 Autovon 439-2729 CRAWL, James R. Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 BURK, Chapman Health Physicist Code 740 Mare Island Naval Shipyard Vallejo, California 94592 Autovon 253-2485 CUYKENDALL, P. R. Head, Industrial Hygiene Division Naval Weapons Center China Lake, California 93555 Autovon 898-1700 Ext. 2983 DECHANT, Richard .( ' '' |! ' t r' Industrial Hygiene Division Hunters Point Naval Shipyard San Francisco, California 94135 Autovon-w 99~36T5 j. <, 7 [' / j DENSLEY, Merlynn LTJG MSC Navy Industrial Environ, Health Center 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 454 MT-PWH D-004457 DILUSTRO, Salvatore H0RIKAWA, Michael Y. Industrial Hygiene Division Industrial Hygiene Division Norfolk Naval Air Station Box 121, Building 213 Norfolk, VA 23S11 Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard Autovon 690-3746 ' FPO San Francisco California 96610 . DOPTIS, L. LCDR MSC Autovon 472-1110 * Industrial Environ. Health Division Code 7322 HOYT, Alden S. ` Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Industrial Hygiene Division . Washington, D.C. 20390 Code 730 Autovon 294-4621 Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Portsmouth, N.H. 03801 1 Autovon 684-2398 Industrial Environ. Health Division p" Code 7311 . J HUNT, Jack L. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Jpc.* Industrial Hygiene Technician Washington, D.C. 20390 -Navjy Industrial Environ. Health Center Autovon 294-4622 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 FITCH, John J. Autovon 989-3947 Industrial Hygienist Naval Ammunition Depot - .JOHNSON,, Richard L. LT MSC Crane, Indiana 47522 71 Preventive Medicien Unit #6 Autovon 482-1847 "^fox 112, FPO San Francisco, California 96610 GINOZA, Harry K. Autovon 695-9701 Industrial Hygiene Division Box 121, Building 213 JOHNSTON, Arthur E. Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard Navy Industrial Env. Health Center FPO San Francisco 3333 Vine Street California 96610 Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 432-4242 Autovon 989-3947 HERTLEIN, Fred III Industrial Hygiene Division Box 121, Building 213 Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard FPO San Francisco California 96610 Autovon 432-4242 HILL, Thomas A. LCDR MSC University of Maryland fktich Baltimore, Maryland ^ 'S'JZme. 0/2. 301-384-9552 (home) Oz/uiJ/il LIEBERMAN, Jesse, Code 725 Head, Industrial Hygiene Division Naval Regional Medical Center Philadelphia Naval Shipyard Dispensary Philadelphia, PA 19112 Area 215-755-3209 LIUKONEN, Larry R. LT Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, OH 45220 Autovon 989-3947 -HILIAR, J.J. 'Industrial Hygiene Division Naval Air Station, Bldg. 5A Alameda, California 94501 Autovon 686-3173 MALONE, Paul Industrial Hygiene Division Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida 32508 Autovon 455 MT-PWHD-004458 MANNING, Sheldon H. Industrial Hygiene Division Code 725 Medical Department Long Beach Naval Shipyard Long Beach, California 90812 Autovon 360-6098 PSATHAS, John G. Industrial Hygiene Division Code 725 Hunters Point Naval Shipyard San Francisco, California 94135 Autovon t MARTIN, Melvin J. Radiation Health Division Charleston Naval Shipyard Charleston, S.C. 29408 Autovon RECTOR, Douglas E. LCDR MSC Industrial Environmental Health Division Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Washington, D.C. 20390 Autovon 294-4621 MUNT0N, Alex V. Code 730 Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Portsmouth, N.H. 03801 Autovon 684-2398 REINHARD, E. Daniel, Jr. Navy Industrial Environ, Health Center 3333 Vine Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 NILAN, Michael LT Navy Industrial Environ. Health 5333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 PADILLA, Miguel Code 21/MEOH Building 14A Regional Dispensary Naval Air Station North Isl, San Diego, California 921 Autovon 951-6266 PAVLIK, Robert E. LTJG EPMU #5 Naval Station Box 143 San Diego, California 92136 Autovon 958-1263 ' PALUN, Alex Industrial Hygiene Division Code 725 Mare Island Naval Shipyard Vallejo, California 94592 Autovon 253-2458 PI0RC1:, Stevan Wade Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center '3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 . Autovon 989-3947 ^jROSATI, Guido J. / Head, Industrial Hygiene Division Code 725 re Island Naval Shipyard ` lejo, California 94592 Autovon 253-2458 SEIDEL, William A. Jr. Radiological Control Division ^ Code 105.5 ' Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Bremerton, Washington 98314 Autovon 439-2729 SHIMAM0T0, Roy A. Radiation Health Division Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard FPO San Francisco California 96610 Autovon 430-0111 SHIMODA, Norman I. Radiation Health Division Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard FPO San Francisco California 96610 Autovon 430-0111 SHULTZ, Jerry E. Assistant for Environmental Safety 5 Health Chief of Naval Operations 0P-45 Washington D.C. 20350 Autovon 227-3639 MT-PWHD-004459 uuuy uh?5 SNYDER, Paul J. Navy Industrial Environ 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio' 4S220 Autovon 989-3947 Health Center SOBOL, Oscar J. Head Industrial Hygiene Division Medical Department Building 16 Naval Air Station Alameda, California 94501 Autovon 686-3173 STEFANYSHYN, Andrew A. LT Armed Forces Radiobiological Research Institute National Naval Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Autovon 295-0483 STORLAZZI, Ernani D. Industrial Hygiene Division Code 725.1 Boston, Mass. 02129 Autovon 743-1473 TAG AM I, Robert S. . Industrial Hygiene Division Box 121, Building 213 FPO San Francisco California 96610 Autovon 432-4242 TVETEN, Paul LT Ilea 1 tli Physicist Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 WHITE, Michael M. Radiation Health Division Norfolk Naval Shipyard Portsmouth, VA 23709 Autovon 961-3215 YACOVISSI, Robert LTJG Ilea 1th Physicist Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center 5333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 YOUNG, Ronals N.T. Radiation Health Division Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard FPO San Francisco California 96610 ' Autovon 430-0111 457 MT-PWHD-004460 ROSTER OF MEMBERSHIP NAVY INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION (30 January 1974) ATHANASIOU, Odyssias Industrial Hygiene Division Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Code 730 Portsmouth, N.H. 03801 Autovon 684-2398 COPLAND, Norman D. Industrial Hygiene Division ie 725 Leston Naval Shipyard Charleston, S.C. 29408 itovon 794-6100 BAKER, Charles W. LT MSC COREY, David Environmental Preventive 1bn Nuclear Radiological Control Div, Medicine Unit #7 Naples 105.5 FPO New York 09521 uget Sound Naval Shipyard Bremerton Washington 98314 BARBOO, Samuel H. Jr. CDR MSC Mitovon 439-2729 Assistant for Occupational Hea?fflFllUfc'4 Navy Regional Medical Center CRAWL, James R. Norfolk Naval Shipyard Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center Portsmouth, VA 23709 3333 Vine Street Autovon 961-3200 Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 BECKETT, Roger R. Industrial Hygiene Division BURK, Chapman Code 730 ' Health Physicist Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Code 740 Bremerton, Washington 98314 Mare Island Naval Shipyard Autovon 439-2729 Vallejo, California 94592 Autovon 253-2485 BORAWSKI, Edward T. Industrial Hygienist CUYKENDALL, P. R. Naval Ordnance Station Head, Industrial Hygiene Division Indian Head, Maryland 20640 Naval Weapons Center Autovon 725-3700, Ext. 242 China Lake, California 93555 Autovon 898-1700 Ext. 2983 BYNUM, Robert J. Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center DECHANT, Richard 5533 Vine Street Industrial Hygiene Division Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Hunters Point Naval Shipyard Autovon 989-3947 San Francisco, California 94135 Autovon 799-3615 BYRD, Roland E. Code MEH11 Box 16 DENSLEY, Merlynn LTJG MSC Jacksonville, Florida 32212 Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center Autovon 942-2841 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 458 MT-PWHD-004461 DILUSTRO, Salvatore Industrial Hygiene Division Norfolk Naval Air Station Norfolk, VA 23511 Autovon 690-3746 DOPTIS, L. LCDR MSC ^ Industrial Environ. Health Division Code 7322 Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Washington, D.C. 20390 Autovon 294-4621 --. DROZD, Joseph J. LCDR MSC Industrial Environ. Health Di Code 7311 Bureau of Medicine and Surgerj Washington, D.C. 20390 Autovon 294-4622 FITCH, John J. Industrial Hygienist Naval Ammunition Depot Crane, Indiana 47522 Autovon 482-1847 GINOZA, Harry K. Industrial Hygiene Division Box 121, Building 213 Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard FPO San Francisco California 96610 Autovon 432-4242 HERTLEIN, Fred III Industrial Hygiene Division Box 121, Building 213 Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard FPO San Francisco California 96610 Autovon 432-4242 HILL, Thomas A. LCDR MSC University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland 301-384-9552 (home) HILLAR, J.J. 'Industrial Hygiene Division Naval Air Station, Bldg. 5A Alameda, California 94501 Autovon 686-3173 Ot0rt~^ TJc%. ..>' c<? I10RIKAWA, Michael Y. Industrial Hygiene Division Box 121, Building 213 Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard FPO San Francisco California 96610 Autovon 472-1110 ' HOYT, Alden S. Industrial Hygiene Division Code 730 Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Portsmouth, N.H. 03801 Autovon 684-2398 HUNT, Jack L. ndustrial Hygiene Technician avy Industrial Environ. Health Center 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 JOHNSON, Richard L. LT MSC g Preventive Medicien Unit #6 Box 112, FPO San Francisco, .igg, California 96610 " Autovon 695-9701 JOHNSTON, Arthur E. Navy Industrial Env. Health Center 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 LIEBERMAN, Jesse, Code 725 Head, Industrial Hygiene Division Naval Regional Medical Center Philadelphia Naval Shipyard Dispensary Philadelphia, PA 19112 Area 215-755-3209 LIUKONEN, Larry R. LT Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, OH 45220 Autovon 989-3947 MALONE, Paul Industrial Hygiene Division Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida 32508 Autovon 459 MT-PWHD-004462 000' ijfo i _ X (^. r '/ MANNING, Sheldon H. . Industrial Hygiene Division Code 725 Medical Department Long Beach Naval Shipyard Long Beach, California 90812 Autovon 360-6098 MARTIN, Melvin J. Radiation Health Division Charleston Naval Shipyard Charleston, S.C. 29408 Autovon MUNT0N, Alex V. Code 730 Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Portsmouth, N.H. 03801 Autovon 684-2398 NILAN, Michael LT Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center 3353 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 PADILLA, Miguel Code 21/MEOH Building 14A Regional Dispensary Naval Air Station North Island San Diego, California 92135 Autovon 951-6266 . PAVLIK, Robert E. LTJG EPMU #5 Naval Station Box 143 San Diego, California 92136 Autovon 958-1263 PALUN, Alex Industrial Hygiene Division Code 725 Mare Island Naval Shipyard Vallejo, California 94592 Autovon 253-2458 PIERCE, Stevan Wade Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 PSATHAS, John G. Industrial Hygiene Division Code 725 Hunters Point Naval Shipyard San Francisco, California 94135 Autovon -RECTOR, Douglas E. LCDR MSC Industrial Environmental Health Division Bureau of Medicine and Surgery "Washington, D.C. 20390 Autovon 294-4621 REINHARD, E. Daniel, Jr. Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center 3333 Vine Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 ROSATI, Guido J. Head, Industrial Hygiene Division Code 725 Mare Island Naval Shipyard Vallejo, California 94592 Autovon 253-2458 SEIDEL, William A. Jr. Radiological Control Division Code 105.5 Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Bremerton, Washington 98314 Autovon 439-2729 SHIMAMOTO, Roy A. Radiation Health Division Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard FPO San Francisco California 96610 Autovon 430-0111 SHIMODA, Norman I. Radiation Health Division Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard FPO San Francisco California 96610 Autovon 430-0111 SHULTZ, Jerry E. Assistant for Environmental Safety 8 Health Chief of Naval Operations 0P-45 Washington D.C. 20350 Autovon 227-3639 460 MT-PWH D-004463 SNYDER, Paul J. I Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 SOBOL, Oscar J. Head Industrial Hygiene Division Medical Department Building 16 Naval Air Station Alameda, California 94501 Autovon 686-3173 STEFANYSHYN, Andrew A. LT Armed Forces Radiobiological Research Institute National Naval Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Autovon 295-0483 ST0RLAZZI, Emani D. Industrial Hygiene Division Code 725.1 Boston, Mass. 02129 Autovon 743-1473 TAG/MI, Robert S. Industrial Hygiene Division Box 121, Building 213 FPO San Francisco California 96610 Autovon 432-4242 TVETEN, Paul LT Health Physicist Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 Autovon 989-3947 WHITE, Michael M. Radiation Health Division Norfolk Naval Shipyard Portsmouth, VA 23709 Autovon 961-3215 - YACOVISSI, Robert LTJG Health Physicist Navy Industrial Environ. Health Center 3333 Vine Street Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 YOUNG, Ronals N.T. Radiation Health Division Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard 461 MT-PWH D-004464 ADDRESS GUIDE tINO'NSYL'2700/1 (REV. f-*7) NAVY DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, D C. NAVY DEPARTMENT (CONT'D)' SHIPYARDS (CONT'D) SECRETARY OF THE NAVY NAVY DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, D. C. 20350 SECNAV COMMANDER NAVAL SUPPLY SYSTEMS COMMAND WASHINGTON, D. C. 20360 NAVSUP COMPTROLLER OF THE NAVY NAVY DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, D. C. 20350 NAVCOMPT DIRECTOR CIVILIAN MANPOWER MANAGEMENT NAVY DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, D. C. 20350 OCMM ELECTRONICS SUPPLY OFFICE COMMANDING OFFICER NAVY ELECTRONICS SUPPLY OFFICE GREAT LAKES, ILL 60088 ESO NAVAL DISTRICT COMMANDANT COMMANDER i NORFOLK NAVAL SHIPYARD Portsmouth; NAVSHIPYDNt COMMANDER SAN FRANCISCO BAY NAVAL SHIPYARD VALLEJO, CALIF. 94592 ^/-=::i^^NA^PYDSF, COMMANDER (Mail tor Hunters Point) SAN FRANCISCO BAY NAVAL SHIPYARD SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. 94135 NAVSHIPYD SFRAN BAY SFRAN CHIEF OF NAVAL MATERIAL NAVY DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, D. C. 20360 CHNAVMAT CHIEF-OF NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, D. C. 20350 CNO JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL NAVY DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, D. C. 20350 JAG f CHIEF, BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY NAVY DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, D. C. 20390 BUMED /CHIEF OF NAVAL PERSONNEL A NAVY DEPARTMENT V WASHINGTON, D. C. 20370 BUPERS COMMANDER NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND WASHINGTON, D. C. 20360 NAVAIR COMMANDER NAVAL ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS COMMAND BAILEY'S CROSSROADS VA 22041 NAVELEX COMMANDER NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND WASHINGTON, D. C. 20390 NAVFAC COMMANDANT , ELEVENTH NAVAL DISTRICT SAN DIEGO, CAUFORNIA 92130 ( COMELEVEN \ SHIPS PARTS CONTROL CENTER COMMANDING OFFICER NAVY SHIPS PARTS CONTROL CENTER MECHANICSBURG. PA. 17055 SPCC WEAPONS STATION COMMANDING OFFICER NAVAL WEAPONS STATION SEAL BEACH, CALIF- 90740 WPNSTA SBEACH FLEET COMMANDERS IN CHIEF SHIPYARDS COMMANDER BOSTON NAVAL SHIPYARD BOSTON, MASS 02129 NAVSHIPYD BSN COMMANDER IN CHIEF U. S. PACIFIC FLEET FPO SAN FRANCISCO 96610 CINCPACFLT TYPE COMMANDERS COMMANDER PUGET SOUND NAVAL SHIPYARD BREMERTON, WASH,-JB314 /-^^'navshipyd BREM COMMANDER " CHARLESTON NAVAL SHIPYARD NAVAL BASE CHARLESTON, S. C. 29408 NAVSHIPYD CHASN 'COMMANDER PEARL HARBOR NAVAL SHIPYARD BOX 400 FPO SAN FRANCISCO 96610 NAVSHIPYD PEARL COMMANDER AMPHIBIOUS FORCE U. S. PACIFIC FLEET SAN DIEGO, CALIF- 92155 ' COMPHIBPAC COMMANDER CRUISER-DESTRCIYER FORCE, U.S. PACIFIC FLEET SAN DIEGO, CALIF. 92132 COMCRUDESPAC COMMANDER MINE FORCE U. S. PACIFIC FLEET NAVAL STATION LONG BEACH, CALIF. 90802 COMINPAC COMMANDER NAVAL ORDNANCE SYSTEMS COMMAND WASHINGTON, D. C. 20360 NAVORD COMMANDER ................... PHILADELPHIA NAVAL SHIPYARD PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19112 NAVSHIPYO PHILA COMMANDER SERVICE FORCE, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET FPO SAN FRANCISCO 96610 COMSERVPAC COMMANDER NAVAL SHIP SYSTEMS COMMAND WASHINGTON, D. C. 20360 NAVSHIPS COMMANDER PORTSMOUTH NAVAL SHIPYARD PORTSMOUTH, N. H. 03801 NAVSHIPYD PTSMH COMMANDER SUBMARINE FORCE, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET FPO SAN FRANCISCO 96601 COMSUBPAC 462 L. MT-PWHD-004465 -n> UU08 OSS1 FREQUENTLY USED ADDRESSES <2. -. ' .. yf ^ > / 4 ' 11NO-NSYLB-2700/1 (REV. 9-67) (BACK) 463 MT-PWH D-004466 WORKSHOP ATTENDEES, SAN FRANCISCO 15-19 NOV. Albee, R. Benner, M. D. General Medical Officer Mare Island Naval Shipyard Vallejo, CA Albert, Virginia M., R. N. Occupational Health Nurse Naval Undersea R & D Center Pasadena, CA Alexander, C. E., CAPT MC USN Director, Preventive Med. Div. HU MED Washington, D. C. Banghart, H. P., M. D. Head, Ind. Med. Division Hunters Point Naval Shipyard San Francisco, CA Bien, Eric P. , GS 12 Naval Air Station Alameda Alameda, CA Bolton, Charles L. Safety Director Hunters Point Naval Shipyard San Francisco, CA Borawski, Edward Industrial Hygienist Naval Ordnance Station Indian Head, Md. Bourdon, Charles F. Safety Officer Naval Electronics Lab. Center San Diego, CA Briley, Karl Safety Director Naval Avionics Facility Indianapolis, Ind. Browne, Margaret Industrial Nurse Department of the Great Lakes, 111. Browning, Bernadl Occupational Heal Naval Ordnance Lab. White Oak, Silver Spring, Md. Buswell, Arthur W., Col. Chief, Experimental Division USACDC Experimentational Command Fort Ord, CA Canning, George 0., HMC USN Naval Supply Center NSC, Oakland, CA Chambliss, Capt. J. E. CO NAD NAD McAlister, Okla Cooper, Dan Safety Superintendent U. S. Borax and Chem. Corp. Boron, CA Corey, David R., M. D. Chief, U. S. Army Clin. Health U. S. Army Medical Command Natick Lab., Mass. Cornejo, H., Lt., M. D. Preventive Med. Off. Navy Dispensary Treasure Island San Francisco, CA Costaldi, Mario E., LCDR, M. D. NAD McAlister, Okla. 464 MT-PWH D-004467 0008 0683 Workshop Attendees, San Francisco (2) Cuykendall, Paul R. Industrial Hygienist Naval Weapons Center China Lake, CA Harris, Joan L., R. N. Occupational Health Nurse NAD Hawthorne, Nev. Dean, Orval, M. D. Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Bremerton, Wash. Herwitt, Peter, M. D. USPHS Salt Lake City, Utah Dechant, Richard Industrial Hygienist Hunters Point Naval Shipyard San Francisco, CA Hillar, James J. Industrial Hygienist NAS Alameda Ind. Med. Alameda, CA Donovan, Robert F., M. D. Watertown, Mass. Denson, Ruth E., R. N. Occupational Health Nurse NTS Kevport, Wash Dickerson, Thomas D., HMC USN U.S. Naval Ammunition Dept Colts Neck, N. J. Emerson, Tom, W Safety Officer Naval Supply Center Oakland, CA Finnegan, Walter, M. D. USPHS Salt Lake City, Utah Hjort, Will Chief, Environmental Health Section Occupational Health Service Department of Personnel County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA Hobby, Vivian B., M. D. Occupational Health Nurse Madigan General Hospital Ft. Lewis, Wash. Hovis, R.S., LTJG, MSC USN Safety Officer Naval Hospital Great Lakes, 111. Jansen, Ruth Administrator Industrial Medicine Division Naval Air Station Alameda, CA George, Charles E. Administrative Assistant Navy Ships Parts Control Center Mechanics burg, Pa. Katz, Arnold, M. D. Medical Officer U. S. Naval Ord. Lab. Silver Spring, MdA Hale, Matt Safety Officer Naval Weapons Station Concord, CA Kelsey, Beryl K. Assistant Safety Officer Naval Air Station Moffett Field, CA. 465 MT-PWH D-004468 Workshop Attendees, San Francisco (3) Kempf, Leonard M. Hoad, Safety Branch BUMED Washington, D. C. McMurray, William R. Safety Officer USN CBC Point Hueneme, CA Kornblum, W. A., M. D., SMO Moffett Field Ca. McNaughton, L. M., M. D. NAD Crane Crane, Indiana Krieger, C. V. Safety Superintendent Long Beach Naval Shipyard Long Beach, CA Lachapelle, N. C., OIC PMT School, Naval Hospital Oakland, CA Margaret, David, Lt. , M, D. Na val Torpedo Station Keyport, Wn. Manning, Sheldon Industrial Hygienist Long Beach Naval Shipyard Long Beach, CA Lenahan, Hugh ]., M. D. Industrial Medical Officer Naval Air Station Alameda, CA Markham, Thomas N. , M. D. Medical Officer Mare Island Naval Shipvard Vallejo, CA ' Lester, Whitney M. M ertes, Stanley, M. D. Safety Officer Hunters Point Naval Shipyard Naval Supply Center San Francisco, CA Oakland, CA Miller, Wayne. M. D., LT MC USNR Livingston, William G. Naval Publications and Forms Center Labor Management Consultant Philadelphia, Pa. San Francisco Mossman, Paul, M. D. Lockhard, Charles W. Staff Physician, Sandia Corp. Safetv Director Sandia Base MSC PAC Albuquerque, N. M. NSC Oakland, CA Mullin, William J. . M. D. LT MC USNR NAVORDSTA Lukenbill, Emery D. Indian Head, Md. Industrial Safety Director Pacific Missile Range Myers, Wanda R., R. N. Point Mugu, CA Mare Island Naval Shipyard Vallejo, CA McGuinnis, Edward J., M. D. CPT MC Tooele Army Depot Tooele, Utah 46S MT-PWH D-004469 0008 0685 Workshop Attendees, San Francisco (4) Nelson, Richard A. Head, Occupational Medicine BUMED Washington, D. C. Quinn, John L. Safety Director U. S. Marine Corps Supply Center Bars tow, CA O'Brien, Helen F., R. N. Occupational Health Nurse ADCOM Medical Great Lakes, 111. Randol, Robert A. Industrial Engineer U. S. Naval Avionics Facility Indianapolis, Ind. O'Malley, Elizabeth S., R. N. Sup. Occupational Health Nurse MEDAAC U.S. Army, Savanna, 111. Reinhart, Rolfe O., M. D. Industrial Medical Officer Naval Air Station Alameda, CA Palun, Alex Industrial Hygienist Mare Island Naval Shipyard Vallejo, CA Pari si, Herbert F., M. D. Industrial Medical Officer NELC, San Diego, CA Peterson, Bernard E. Safety Director Alameda Naval Air Station Alameda, CA Pilkington, R. H., M. D. Preventive Medicine Officer Naval Station Subic Bay Philippines Renstjaw, Frank Navy Industrial Hygienist Navy Environmental and Preventive Medicine Unit #5 Naval Station, San Diego, CA Rosati, Guido, J. Industrial Hygienist Mare Island Naval Shipyard Vallejo, CA Sample, Robert C. Safety Engineer NAVPRO (SSPO) Sunnyvale, CA Schugmann, R. F., Capt. Senior Medical Officer Naval Weapons Station Concord, CA Psathas, John G. Supv. Industrial Hygienist Hunters Point Naval Shipyard San Francisco, CA Schultz, L. F. Supv. General Engineer NAV PLT REP OFF Sunnyvale, CA Putnam, Caleb F., Jr. Safety Officer Naval Weapons Station Concord, CA Scott, Ray L. Safety Officer Naval Weapon Station Concord, CA 46? MT-PWHD-004470 Workshop Attendees, San Francisco (5) Sloan, Howard P., M. D. Regional Medical Officer U. S. Civil Service Commission San Francisco, CA Smith, Jose C., M. D. Senior Medical Officer Long Beach Naval Shipyard Long Beach, CA Smith, Robert S., M. D. Medical Officer Hq. Aero Chart and Info. Center USAF St. Louis, Mo. Smurthwaite, Stephen Safety Engineer Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center Watertown, Mass. Sobol, Oscar J. Industrial Hygienist Naval Air Station Alameda, CA Spangler, R.W. Safety Officer Pearl Harbor Shipyard Honolulu, Hawaii Tilton, D. L. Medical Administrator 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing & MCAS El Toro, CA Truitt, Shirley C., R. N. U. S. Army Health Clinic Sacramento Army Depot Sacramento, CA Ulshafer, T. R., Capt. Senior Medical Officer Norfolk Naval Shipyard Dispensary Branch, NRMC NNSY Portsmoich, Va. Walheiser, L. Myron, M. D. Dispensary Mare Island Naval Shipyard Vallejo, CA Washburn, J. Charles, M. D. Sr. Adm. Med. Officer Pearl Harbor Honolulu, Hawaii Watson, Anna, R. N. Occupational Health Nurse Alameda Naval Air Station Alameda, CA . Williams, John, M. D. Medical Officer S. F. Naval Shipyard Hunters Point San Francisco, CA Wood, A. Llewellyn, M. D. Industrial Medical Officer Naval Air Station North Island San Diego, CA Zumwalt, Elmo, M. D. Industrial Medical Office Naval Weapons Center China Lake, CA Miller, Wayne, M. D. LT MC USNR Naval Publications and Forms Center Philadelphia, PA 468 KEY PERSON COURSE RESOURCE AGENClES/REPERENCES FEDERAL OSHA OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY S HEALTH ADMIN. 19 PINE STREET LONG BEACH, CALIF. 90802 PHONE: 213, 432-3434 CAL-OSHA DlVISldH OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY 3460 WILSHIRE BLVD. LOS ANGELES, CALIF. 90005 PHONE: 213,381-5695 CAL-OSHA REPORTER STENO-PRESS P.O. BOX 207 SAN PABLO, CALIF. 94806 CALIFORNIA SAFETY ORDERS office of Procurement DOCUMENTS SECTION P. 0. BOX 20191 SACRAMENTO, CALIF. 95820 GREATER LOS ANGELES CHAPTER, 3388 WEST STH STREET LO AAGELES, CALIF. 90005 PHONE: 213,385-6461 NSC OSHA TRAINING PROJECT GREATER LOS ANGELES CHAPTER, SHA TRAINING PROJECT 3388 WEST STH STREET LOS ANGELES, CALIF. 90005 PHONE: 213, 385-6467 NSC UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES 207 E. OHIO STREET CHICAGO, ILL. 60611 SAFETY & HEALTH LEGISLATION LEGISLATIVE BILL ROOM STATE CAPITOL SACRAMENTO, CALIF. 95S14 PHONE: 916, 445-2323 FEDERAL STANDARDS SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS WASHINGTON, D. C. 20225 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY 8 HEALTH REPORTERS BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS c/o GREATER LOS ANGELES CHAPTER, NSC 3388 WEST 8TH STREET LOS ANGELES, CALIF. 90005 PHONE 213, 38506461, ASK FOR TOM INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASPECTS AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS P. 0. BOX 1138 CINCINNATA, OHIO 45202 AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION 66 S. MILLER ROAD AKROM, OHIO 44313 ANSI STANDARDS WERTmnimUNAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE 1430 BROADWAY NEW YORK, N. Y. 10018 kl rpA QTiAtfUPfK mrtmrmrprotection association 60 BATTERYMARCH STREET BOSTON, MASS. 02110 H-37:4/4;2M 469 MT-PWHD-004479 SMITH, Joser C,, Cdr, MC, USN NAGLE, John T. Medical Officer mm mm Administrative Officer 84524 **- . DURAN, B, J, ^ M, D. ' T '' ; .... fiSRNI, D. L., M.D. . Medical. Officer Medical Officer 70458 83116 WALSWQRTH, C.B., M.D. Medical Officer 84190 5621 Edita Avenue Area Code 714 Westminster, CA 92683 894-6711 5131 Tasman Drive Huntington Beach, CA 92649 2087 Feliciano Avenue San Pedro, CA 90732 Area Code 714 897-3771 547-5736 2026 Mendon Drive San Pedro, CA 90732 832-3451 1411 Silvius Avenue San Pedro, CA 90731 832-2032 WITHROW, C,E., O.D. ^/ Optometrist 58156 11311 Rainier Avenue Area Code 714 Garden Grove, CA 92641 539-7564 MANNING, C.H, . Industrial Hygienst 75625 15403 Piuma Avenue Norwalk, CA 90650 868-1054 BHRICKB, G.E. Occupational Health Nurse 54656 5806 Parkcrest Avenue 425-0016 Long Beach, CA 90803 MEDICAL AIDS. TECHNICIANS AND NURSING ASSISTANTS BARTON, G.E. COLLIER, H.E, GABRIEL, R. RIVA, E.J. NOWAK, D.B. / Health Technician Medical Technician Health Technician Health Technician Health Technician 70876 75405 49276 70879 70909 12903 Downey Avenue Downey, CA 90242 923-4843 9362 fireside Drive 963-1476 Huntington Beach, CA 94547 1118 No* Frigate Avenue 830-7426 Wilmington, CA 90744 1052 Ronan Avenue 834-9747 , Wilmington, CA 90744 1318 So, Ritaway Avenue 545-7892 Santa Ana * CA $F*wi W \ r* -------- 7300/7311 8151/7070 7311 7311 7311 ; f,*V 7560 *. .' #*. 797? 7300/7311 7972 6098 o Q O CO 8151 8392 8151 -- V-"7 ( I ** 7 W Til ! /TV r -7 r??4?o CARR, M. HENDERSON, B. MAH00D, D.D. MEYERS, D.D. FRANKLIN, A. Health Technician Health Technician Health Technician Health Technician Health Technician CKADA, M.(Tina) SCHMITZ, A.B. Bodge, B, A. HEED, I.B. ALLEN, F, Clerk (Typing) Secretary ' Clerk Typist t Clerk Typist Custodian si! 80825 5523 Dairy Avenue Long Beacn, CA 90805 *' 422-3900 81822 11411 Alvaro Street 778-3398= Los Angeles, CA 90011 71646 ` 24716 Broad Avenue 835-0301 Wilmington, CA 90744 84034 3456 Gale Avenue 427-7266* ' Long Beach, CA 90810 69855 219-l6th Street 43P-7919 Seal Beach, CA 90740 CLERICAL PERSONNEL 75480 1026 East Fernrock St. -- ~ ~ " * % Carson, CA 90744 % 83125 2951 Ostrom Avenue 425-8371 Long Beach, CA 90815 79903 8543 Gallatin Road ^231 869-2706 Downey, CA 90240 56309 815 Raymond Avenue 433-1126 Long Beach, CA 90804 856 East 83rd Street 751-6934 Los Angeles, CA 90003 8393 8392 8392 90810 8393 8151/7070 7300/7311 8151/7070 o o CO 7560 . ;?! CjCi 8151 X" X> MT-PWHD-004475 l> u r I SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA FOR THE COUNT3L OF LOS ANGELES WALTER C. RIGSBY, JOSEPH K. KLOSE and SHELDON H. MANNING, Plaintiffs, vs. JOHNS-MANVILLE, etc., et al.. Defendants. No. C 151 947 EXHIBIT HHH 1 of 2 EXHIBITS TO THE DEPOSITION OF SHELDON H. MANNING. VOLUME VI, taken Tuesday, March 6, 1979, at Los Angeles, California, before Lucia Moskal, CSR, a Notary Public. f-5 Reported by: Lucia. Moskal, CSR 1222 No. LA-?<k-79 RENDEL B. HUTCHINGS Certified Court Reporters LOS ANGELE 9006 S 3436 N. F-.f/uer 223-119: WEST LOS ANGELES 90049 654 N. Sepulveda 472-9578 SANTA ANA 92701 523 N. Grand 547-6169 SAN Dl 921lODUCED 326 Broadw, JM233-622 - 83 MT-PWHD-004476 vxx: X, !VV --.. . g X \\\ \/-y *xX <x' X?: v%:: < K-SV .,,-^:\ */ m >' x s * VAJ >,- ^V-kNVf.*c> w*%4-*.'-AA--^ M-**j$T*% X Xx^xxA;-- '3 A^V.><K , ' JP <k . Aa .V-XV' T~ j*Lv*jfVJ xVViAVa,XV'/S/>! >' ^^jVxAV\ V* ,>^- -*** _A"x- * " * NT> X i i. Yf1,^^/' "i 'Jfc S; * -< #',T ,r%. . X,* V"*#X.* 14,v4 *4/ .V w<mi^c^K xwr v. **>\&\ k**\*Ax^A <vx ^. >::> v" V x *' ' _ X .V - v * >- 'x. - *.' X ' ** "' f^.$. <* 0>***2*y A<*/ ^% ySx/* J$A ^3v>* ,/r ^ ..* A-A - <' .<// '$h.''S}A>: VA **t*:* ' % * , Vx v* - % ***- y^'%i ^ .<? .v:- -x, j i ***a ~ * * ' V _*v S-<y, yy. 0#' \X>->.V r .**'*4*.^#J# ^ V *y- Vwi # * V*N ` *" *sm*Pl$k y; * *- * ' * * -V ... ,' ' ,, > - \' -t A * -3 ./ '' ft A MT-PWHD-004477 MT-PWHD-004478 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION A Manual of Recommended Practice COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION P. O. BOX 453 LANSING, MICHIGAN, 48902, U.S.A. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Manual U.S.A. Outside U.S.A. $5.00 -- copy $6.00 -- copy 3.75 -- 15 or more copies 4.50 -- 15 or more copies Calculation Sheets $2.00 -- 25 copies 4.00 -- 100 copies produced JM - 83 943 MT-PWHD-004479 Copyright 1951, 1952, 1954, 1956,1958,1960, 1962, 1964, 1966,1968, 1970,1972 by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists First Edition, 1951 Second Edition, 1952 Second Printing, 1953 Third Edition, 1954 Fourth Edition, 1956 Second Printing, 1957 Fifth Edition. 1958 Second Printing, 1959 Sixth Edition, 1960 Second Printing, 1961 Seventh Edition, 1962 Second Printing, 1963 Eighth Edition, 1964 Second Printing, 1965 Ninth Edition, 1966 Second Printing, 1966 Third Printing, 1967 Tenth Edition, 1968 Second Printing, 1968 Eleventh Edition, 1970 Second Printing, 1970 Twelfth Edition, 1972 Second Printing, 1972 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 62-12929 Lithographed in U.S.A. by EDWARDS BROTHERS <A>coenAT|D 2*00 SOt/TH T*TC BTMCCT i ANM AftOO* MtCrtlOAM 4*10* I } I 1 . 1 t j I _ j t ! j j ) t 944 J PRODUCED M - 83 ) MT-PWHD-004480 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD...................................................................................................................................................................................................... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................................................. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................................................. DEFINITIONS................................................................................................................................................................................................... ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................................................................................................................... GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF VENTILATION--Section 1...................................................................................................................... Principles of Air Flow Pressure Drop Through Ductwork Effective Specific Gravity Air Flow Characteristics of Blowing and Exhausting Make-Up Air DILUTION VENTILATION--Section 2............................................................................................................................................................. Dilution Ventilation for Health Dilution Ventilation for Fire and Explosion Dilution Ventilation for Mixtures VENTILATION FOR HEAT CONTROL-Section 3.............................................................................................................................. Physiological Principles Control Methods HOOD DESIGN-Section 4............................................................................................................................................................................ Introduction Principles of Hood Design Range of Capture Velocities Capture of Velocities for Specific Operations Hood Design Procedure Hood Design for Radioactive Materials SPECIFIC OPERATIONS--Section 5........................................................................................................................................................ Specific Hood Designs DESIGN PROCEDURE-Section 6............................................................................................................................................................. Preliminary Steps Methods of Calculation Methods of Design Method A--Balanced System Method B--Blast Gate System Correction for Temperature and Elevation Fan Static Pressure Plenum Type Exhaust Systems Velocity Pressure Design Method MAKE-UP AND RECIRCULATED AIR-Section 7.............................................................................................................................. Principles of Make-up Air Cost of Heating Make-up Air Combustion Calculations Recirculation of Air from Industrial Exhaust Systems CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS-Section 8.................................................................................................................................... Corrosion Resisting Materials TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS-Section 9.............................................................................................................................. Measurement of Air Flow Measurement of Pressures Evaluating Exhaust Systems Air Flow Measurements on Discharge Stacks FANS--Section 10.............................................................................................................................................................................................. Fan Types Fan Selection Inspection and Maintenance Fan Laws Fan Classification AIR CLEANING DEVICES-Section 11..................................................................................................................................................... Selection of Dust Collection Equipment Dust Collector Types Dust Collection Cost Radioactive Materials Air Filter Comparison BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................................... .................... . APPENDIX......................................................................................................................................................................................................... Threshold Limit Values Sensory Limits Physical Constants Solvent Drying Rates Psychrometric Charts INDEX.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. V VH K XI XIII 1-1 2-i 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1 7-1 8-1 9-1 10-1 11-1 12-1 13-1 14-1 m 945 produced JM-83 MT-PWHD-004481 FOREWORD In this revision for the Twelfth Edition, the Committee on Industrial Ventilation, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, has attempted to keep abreast of new developments and standards for in dustrial ventilation systems. A critical review has been made of the previous edition, modifying and rewriting certain portions for improved clarity and accuracy. The committee continues its policy of presenting the material in a practical, concise, easy-to-understand manner. Theoretical discussions and complex equations are not given. The manual is sufficiently complete so that an industrial ventilation system can be designed without reference to other texts. New material and revisions include: SECTION 3 - Ventilation for Heat Control The information relating to radiant heat as a factor in calculating effective temperature has been revised to clarify the procedure. SECTION 4 - Hood Design Data Additional information is given explaining the proper selection of exhaust Capture Velocity. Slot hood de sign factors and limitations are discussed. SECTION 5 - Specific Operations Specific design data with new drawings is presented for Low Volume-High Velocity exhaust systems. The open surface tank design data has been up-dated to correspond to the new Federal Occupational Safety and Health Act. Nineteen other drawings of exhaust hood designs have been revised. SECTION 6 - Duct Design Procedure The method for evaluating duct velocity changes and the corresponding static pressure corrections has been rewritten for better comprehension. A detailed explanation of Fan Static Pressure and Fan Total Pres sure is presented. Air density correction data has been extended. Design data for duct expansions and evase discharges has been revised. SECTION 7 - Oil and gas fuels data and calculations have been extended to include flue gas composition by weight and density. SECTION 10 - Fans New material illustrates fan performance in series and parallel operation. Revised discussion of fan selection for non-standard air. APPENDIX - Current Threshold Limit Values for Airborne Contaminants are presented. Currently available separately are: 1. The new Ventilation System Testing Guide describes the standard test method for testing an industrial ventilation system and includes the necessary charts, tables, data sheets and formulae. 2. The Metric Supplement comprises a set of tables, graphs and charts in metric units which can be used to replace the English charts in the Standard ventilation manual to enhance its use worldwide. 3. Computer decks and programs for designing industrial exhaust systems are available, COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION M. M. Schuman, Michigan, Chairman J. C. Barrett, Michigan J. R. Lynch, U.S.P.H.S. R. H. Wolle, Tennessee R. P. Hibbard, Washington L. Dickie, Consultant G. M. Hama, Consultant V 946 produced " - 83 MT-PWHD-004482 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Industrial Ventilation is a true Committee effort, bringing into focus in one source useful, practical ventilation data from all parts of the country. The Committee membership of industrial ventilation and industrial hygiene engineers represents a diversity of experience and interest that insures a well-rounded cooperative effort. From the 1st Edition in 1951 this effort has been successful, as witnessed by the acceptance of the Ventilation Manual* throughout industry, by governmental agencies and as a world-wide reference and text. The present Committee is grateful for the faith and firm foundation provided by past Committees and members enumerated elsewhere in these pages. Special acknowledgment is made to the Division of Occupational Health, Michigan Department of Health for contributing their original field manual which was the basis for the 1st Edition, and to Mr. Knowlton Caplan who supervised the preparation of that manual. The Committee is grateful also to those consultants who have contributed so greatly to the preparation of this and previous editions of Industrial Ventilation and to Mrs. Norma Donovan, Secretary to the Committee for her untiring zeal in our efforts. To many other individuals and agencies who have made specific contributions and have provided support, suggestions and constructive criticism, our special thanks. COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION vn PRODUCED JM - 83 MT-PWHD-004483 First Edition 1951 K. M. Morse, Chairman J. Baliff G. M. Hama J. F. Keppler K. E. Robinson J. C. Soet J. Kane, Consultant PREVIOUS VENTILATION MANUAL COMMITTEES Second Edition 1952 Third Edition 1954 K. E. Robinson, Chairman J. Baliff G. M. Hama J. F. Keppler A. Salazar J. C. Soet J. Willis, Consultant J. Baliff, Chairman R. E. Bales J. C. Barrett G. M. Hama R. T. Page J. C. Soet J. Willis, Consultant Fourth Edition 1956 G. M. Hama, Chairman R. E. Bales Jack Baliff J. C. Barrett B. Feiner E. Lynn Schall J. C. Soet J. Kayse, Consultant Fifth Edition 1958 George Hama, Chairman Ronald Bales J. C. Barrett Benjamin Feiner J. F. Keppler George Michaelson John Soet D. Bonn, Consultant Sixth Edition 1960 J. C. Barrett, Chairman Benjamin Feiner G. M. Hama H. S. Jordan J. F. Keppler J. A. Wunderle D. Bonn, Consultant Seventh Edition 1962 J. C. Barrett, Michigan, Chairman Howard Ayer, U.S.P.H.S. Benjamin Feiner, New York G. M. Hama, Detroit John Lumsden, North Carolina M. M. Schuman, Michigan J. A. Wunderle, Ohio D. Bonn, Consultant Eighth Edition 1964 J. C. Barrett, Michigan, Chairman Howard Ayer, U.S.P.H.S. Benjamin Feiner, New York Jose Luis Beltran, Venezuela G. M. Hama, Detroit John Lumsden, North Carolina M. M. Schuman, Michigan David Bonn, Consultant Ninth Edition 1966 J. C. Barrett, Michigan, Chairman Jose Luis Beltran, Venezuela Benjamin Feiner, New York John Lumsden, North Carolina Jeremiah R. Lynch, U.S.P.H.S. M. M. Schuman, Michigan Robert Wolle, Tennessee G. M. Hama, Consultant David Bonn, Consultant Tenth Edition 1968 Eleventh Edition 1970 M. M. Schuman, Michigan, Chairman M. M. Schuman, Michigan, Chairman J. C. Barrett, Michigan J. C. Barrett, Michigan R. P. Hibbard, Washington R. P. Hibbard, Washington J. R. Lynch, U.S.P.H.S. J. R. Lynch, U.S.P.H.S. Robert Wolle, Tennessee Robert Wolle, Tennessee G. M. Hama, Consultant G. M. Hama, Consultant Lou Dickie, Consultant Lou Dickie, Consultant vrn 948 PRODUCED INTRODUCTION The importance of clean uncontaminated air in the industrial work environment is well known. Modern industry with its complexity of operations and processes uses an increasing number of chemical compounds and substances, many of which may be highly toxic. The use of such materials may result in a dissemina tion of fumes, gases, vapors and mists into the workroom air. Effective, well designed ventilation offers a solution where protection to workers is needed under such environmental exposure. In recent times the application of local exhaust ventilation has been accepted as the preferred method for an effective means oi control. The smaller exhaust air volume results in lower heating costs, compared to high volume general exhaust air requirements. The present emphasis on air pollution control stresses the need of air cleaning devices on industrial ventilating systems. From the capital cost standpoint, the smaller air volumes of the local exhaust system are of great advantage on the price of air cleaning devides. The unsatisfactory past practices of providing exhaust ventilation without giving thought as to how the outdoor replacement air is to be provided has resulted in worker discomfort, exposures to combustion gases from backdrafting flues and impaired ventilation. A present day awareness of this considers the need of providing suitable make-up air systems as well as efficiently designed local exhaust ventilation. The con sideration of both these factors will result in personnel comfort as well as a safe, controlled atmosphere. DC MT-PWHD-004485 DEFINITIONS Aerosol: An assemblage of small particles, solid or liquid, suspended in air. The diameter of the parti cles may vary from 100 microns down to 0.01 micron or less, e.g., dust, fog, smoke. Air Cleaner: A device designed for the purpose of removing atmospheric air-borne impurities such as dusts, gases, vapors, fumes and smokes. (Air cleaners include air washers, air filters, electrostatic pre cipitators and charcoal filters.) Air Filter: An air cleaning device to remove light particulate loadings from normal atmospheric air before introduction into the building. Usual range: Loadings up to 3 grains per thousand cubic feet (0.003 grains per cubic foot). Note: Atmospheric air in heavy industrial areas and in-plant air in many industries have higher loadings than this and dust collectors are then indicated for proper air cleaning. Air Horsepower: The theoretical horsepower required to drive a fan if there were no losses in the fan, that is, if its efficiency were 100%. Air, Standard: Dry air at 70 F and 29.92 in (Hg) barometer. This is substantially equivalent to 0.075 lb/cu ft. Aspect Ratio: The ratio of the width to the length. AR = -wj- Aspect Ratio of an Elbow: The width (W) along the axis of the bend divided by depth (D) in plane of bend. Blast Gate: Sliding damper. Blow (throw): In air distribution, the distance an air stream travels from an outlet to a position at which air motion along the axis reduces to a velocity of 50 fpm. For unit heaters, the distance an air stream trav els from a heater without a perceptible rise due to temperature difference and loss of velocity. Brake Horsepower: The horsepower actually required to drive a fan. This includes the energy losses in the fan and can be determined only by actual test of the fan. (This does not include the drive losses between motor and fam.) Capture Velocity. The air velocity at any point in front of the hood or at the hood opening necessary to overcome opposing air currents and to capture the contaminated air at that point by causing it to flow into the hood. Coefficient of Entry: The actual rate of flow caused by a given hood static pressure compared to the theoretical flow which would result if the static pressure could be converted to velocity pressure with 100% efficiency. It is the ratio of actual to theoretical flow. Comfort Zone (Average): The range of effective temperatures over which the majority (50 per cent or more) of adults feel comfortable. Convection: The motion resulting in a fluid from the differences in density and the action of gravity. In heat transmission this meaning has been extended to include both forced and natural motion or circulation. Density: The ratio of the mass of a specimen of a substance to the volume of the specimen. The mass of a unit volume of a substance. When weight can be used without confusion, as synonymous with mass, density is the weight of a unit volume of a substance. Density Factor: The ratio of actual air density to density of standard air. The product of the density factor and the density of standard air (0.075 lb/cu ft) will give the actual air density in lbs per cu ft. d x 0.075 = actual density of air, lbs per cu ft. Dust: Small solid particles created by the breaking up of larger particles by processes such as crushing, grinding, drilling, explosions, etc. Dust particles already in existence in a mixture of materials may escape into the air through such operations as shoveling, conveying, screening, sweeping, etc. Dust Collector: An air cleaning device to remove heavy particulate loadings from exhaust systems before discharge to outdoors. Usual range: Loadings 0.003 grains per cubic foot and higher. XI PRODUCED JM - 83 MT-PWH D-004486 Entry Loss: Loss in pressure caused by air flowing into a duct or hood. (Inches H2O). Fumes: Small solid particles formed by the condensation of vapors of solid materials. Gases: Formless fluids which tend to occupy an entire space uniformly at ordinary temperatures and pressures. Gravity, Specific: The ratio of the mass of a unit volume of a substance to the mass of the same volume of a standard substance at a standard temperature. Water at 39.2 F is the standard substance usually referred to. For gases, dry air, at the same temperature and pressure as the gas, is often taken as the stand ard substance. Hood: A shaped inlet designed to capture contaminated air and conduct it into the exhaust duct system. Humidity, Absolute: The weight of water vapor per unit volume, pounds per cubic foot or grams per cubic centimeter. Humidity, Relative: The ratio of the actual partial pressure of the water vapor in a space to the saturation pressure of pure water at the same temperature. Inch of Water: A unit of pressure equal to the pressure exerted by a column of liquid water one inch high at a standard temperature. Lower Explosive Limit: The lower limit of flammibility or explosibility of a gas or vapor at ordinary ambient temperatures expressed in per cent of the gas or vapor in air by volume. This limit is assumed constant for temperatures up to 250 F. Above these temperatures, it should be decreased by a factor of 0.7 since explosibility increases with higher temperatures. Manometer: An instrument for measuring pressure; essentially a U-tube partially filled with a liquid, usually water, mercury or a light oil, so constructed that the amount of displacement of the liquid indicates the pressure being exerted on the instrument. Micron: A unit of length, the thousandth part of 1 mm or the millionth of a meter, (approximately 1/25,000 of an inch). Mists: Small droplets of materials that are ordinarily liquid at normal temperature and pressure. Plenum: Pressure equalizing chamber. Pressure. Atmospheric: The pressure due to the weight of the atmosphere. It is the pressure indicated by a barometer. Standard Atmospheric Pressure or Standard Atmosphere is the pressure of 29.92 inches of mercury. Pressure, Static: The potential pressure exerted in all directions by a fluid at rest. For a fluid in motion it is measured in a direction normal to the direction of flow. Usually expressed in inches water gauge when dealing with air. (The tendency to either burst or collapse the pipe.) Pressure, Total: The algebraic sum of the velocity pressure and the static pressure (with due regard to sign). Pressure, Vapor: The pressure exerted by a vapor. If a vapor is kept in confinement over its liquid so that the vapor can accumulate above the liquid, the temperature being held constant, the vapor pressure approaches a fixed limit called the maximum or saturated, vapor pressure, dependent only on the temperature and the liquid. The term vapor pressure is sometimes used as synonymous with saturated vapor pressure. Pressure, Velocity: The kinetic pressure in the direction of flow necessary to cause a fluid at rest to flow at a given velocity. Usually expressed in inches water gauge. Radiation, Thermal (Heat) Radiation: The transmission of energy by means of electromagnetic waves of very long wave length. Radiant energy of any wave length may, when absorbed, become thermal energy and result in an increase in the temperature of the absorbing body. Slot Velocity: Linear flow rate of contaminated air through slot, fpm. Smoke: An air suspension (aerosol) of particles, usually but not necessarily solid, often originating in a solid nucleus, formed from combustion or sublimation. Temperature, Effective: An arbitrary index which combines into a single value the effect of temperature, humidity and air movement on the sensation of warmth or cold felt by the human body. The numerical value is that of the temperature of still, saturated air which would induce an identical sensation. : 1 I j | . 1 j j . j ! ^ ' ; . | j j , 1 I I xn 9b l PRODUCED jiu - 83 MT-PWHD-004487 Temperature, Wet-Bulb: Thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature is the temperature at which liquid or solid water, by evaporating into air, can bring the air to saturation adiabatically at the same temperature. Wet-bulb temperature (without qualification) is the temperature indicated by a wet-bulb psychrometer con structed and used according to specifications. Threshold Limit Values (TLV): The values for air borne toxic materials which are to be used as guides in the control of health hazards and represent time weighted concentrations to which nearly all workers may be exposed 8 hours per day over extended periods of time without adverse effects. (See Appendix) Transport (Conveying) Velocity: Minimum air velocity required to move the particulates in the air stream, fpm. Vapor: The gaseous form of substances which are normally in the solid or liquid state and which can be changed to these states either by increasing the pressure or decreasing the temperature. Vapors diffuse. XIII PRODUCED JM-83 MT-PWHD-004488 ABBREVIATIONS A................. Area AHP........... Air horsepower acfm........... actual cfm AR.............. Aspect ratio B................. barometric pressure bhp..............Brake horsepower btu.............. British thermal unit btuh..............btu/hr Ce.................Coefficient of entry cfm.............. Cubic feet per minute cu ft........... Cubic foot d .................Density factor D................. Diameter ET.............. Effective temperature F................. Degree, Fahrenheit fpm.............. Feet per minute fps.............. Feet per second g................. Gravitational force, ft/sec/sec gpm ........... Gallons per minute gr................. Grains he................. Hood entry loss hp................. Horsepower hr................. Hour in................. Inch LEL............ Lower explosive limit ME..............Mechanical efficiency mg.............. milligram MRT........... Mean radiant temperature mm.............. Millimeter min.............. Minute MW .............. Molecular Weight ppm ........... Parts per million lb................. Pound psi.............. Pounds per square inch Q................. Quantity of air, cfm RH.............. Relative humidity p....................Density of air in lb/cu ft rpm........... Revolutions per minute SFM........... Surface feet per minute sq ft........... Square foot sq in........... Square inch SP.................Static pressure SPh.............. Hood static pressure scfm........... Cfm at standard air conditions sp. gr . . . . Specific gravity STP........... Standard temperature and pressure TLV............ Threshold Limit Values TP.............. Total pressure V.................Velocity, fpm VP.............. Velocity pressure wg.............. Water gauge t I )t PRODUCED JM- 83953 I MT-PWHD-004489 Section 1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF VENTILATION Principles of Air Flow The flow of air between two points is due to the occurrence of a pressure difference between the two points. This pressure difference results in a force on the air, causing air flow from the high pressure zone to the low pressure zone. The quantity of air flow (Q) and the velocity of flow (V) are related according to the equation Q - AV where: Q = volume, cubic feet per minute A = cross sectional area through which the air flows in square feet V = velocity in lineal feet per minute This basic relationship describes the flow of air under all conditions. Air traveling at a specific velocity will create a definite pressure which is known as the Velocity Pres sure. There is a definite relationship between the velocity of air and the Velocity Pressure. The basic state ment of this relationship is where: v = velocity, feet per second g = gravitational acceleration, feet per second per second h = head of air, feet When g = 32.2 ft/sec2 and air density is 0.075 pounds per cubic foot, this formula converts to V = 4005 yrvp where: V = air velocity, feet per minute VP = velocity pressure, inches of water It should be emphasized that Velocity Pressure is always exerted in the direction of air flow. Air confined within an enclosure, whether in motion or not, creates another type of pressure which exerts itself perpendicularly to the walls of the enclosure. This pressure is known as Static Pressure and it is normally independent of the velocity of the air. When Static Pressure is below atmospheric pressure it is negative. When it is above atmospheric pres sure it is positive. Velocity Pressure is always positive. The algebraic sum of Static Pressure and Velocity Pressure is Total Pressure. This may also be written in the form of an equation--the symbols are those used throughout this book: TP = SP + VP The significance of these pressures can be demonstrated under actual conditions. For example, assume a rectangular chamber (sealed) containing air pressure of 0.05 pounds per square inch. This 0.05 psi pressure is entirely due to static pressure. If a small hole is drilled into this chamber and a U-tube is used, a reading of 1.39 inches of water will result. (1 psi = 27.7 inches of water.) Since there is no air flow, the velocity pressure will be zero and the total pressure will be 1.39 inches of water. This is shown in Figure 1-1. Total Pressure 1.39" - Static Pressure - Velocity Pressure 1.39" 0" 1-1 954 PRODUCED J! -83 MT-PWH D-004490 1-2 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION If the ends of this chamber are opened, it becomes a duct through which air may flow. With air flowing through this duct there are now two distinct pressures, namely, static pressure and velocity pressure. The algebraic sum of these two pressures is called total pressure. If a fan is placed so that air is blown through the duct, the pressures shown in Figure 1-2 could result. Total Pressure t.39" Static Pressure - Velocity Pressure 0.39" LO" PRESSURE IN THIS PIPE ABOVE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE Fig. 1-2 If a fan is placed so that air is drawn through the duct, the pressures indicated in Figure 1-3 could result. Total Pressure -0.39" Stat.ic P_ r. eMMs. sure - Velocity _PMressure (-1.39") + LO PRESSURE IN THIS PIPE BELOW ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE Fig. 1-3 In Figure 1-4 typical static and velocity pressures are shown in a long section of exhaust duct equipped with a defined hood. Hood static pressure Static pressure Velocity pressure Static Velocity pressure pressure produce!!55 -83 MT-PWHD-004491 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF VENTILATION 1-3 Acceleration of Air and Hood Entrance Losses The pressure difference required to move air into an opening must be sufficient to both accelerate the air from rest to a velocity and to overcome the turbulence losses at the opening. For acceleration, the energy required is equal to the Velocity Pressure corresponding to the velocity. Turbulence losses are caused by the opening and vary with the shape of opening. The coefficient of entry (Ce) indicates the extent of turbulence losses. In a theoretically perfect hood with no turbulence loss, Ce = 1.0. Hood Static Pressure (SPjj) is a direct measurement, in inches of water, of both the acceleration energy and turbulence losses. For a perfect hood with no turbulence loss, Ce = 1.0 and SPj, = VP (See Section 4). In this case: V = 4005 Ce VSPh = 4005 /SPh For the hood shown in Figure 1-4 where Ce = 0.86 this becomes: V = 4005' Ce /SP = 4005 x 0.86 VSP^ = 3444 V^P^ To obtain the desired velocity, 4005 fpm, the required SPjj can be calculated from the above formula: v 4005 = 3444 = 3444 SPh = (|^|)' = 1.35 inches of water As previously stated, the hood static pressure indicates both the acceleration (VP) and turbulence losses (1^). This may be expressed as SPh = VP + 1^ For design purposes the entry loss (he) is often designated as a decimal fraction (Fh) of the velocity pressure (VP). In this form it applies to all velocities. he FhVP (See Section 4, Figure 4-5; Section 5; Section 6, Figure 6-10.) Pressure Drop Through Ductwork Air flowing through ducts encounters resistance to flow due to (1) friction losses and (2) dynamic (turbu lence) losses. Friction losses are caused by the actual rubbing of the air against the surfaces of the duct. Dynamic losses result due to air turbulence which takes place whenever air flow through a duct changes di rection or velocity; i.e., whenever the duct changes direction or varies in cross-sectional area. The result of the friction and dynamic losses is to cause a pressure drop to occur as the air flows through a duct. The well known Bernoulli's Theorem frequently used in flow of fluids is merely a statement of the laws of conservation of energy. Bernoulli's Theorem as applied to air is: static pressure plus velocity pressure at a point upstream in direction of air flow is equal to the static pressure plus velocity pressure at a point downstream in direction of air flow plus the friction and dynamic losses; SPt + VP1 = SP, + VP, + losses For practical purposes, the total amount of friction through any round duct varies directly as the length, inversely as the diameter of the duct and directly as the square of the velocity of air flowing through the duct. The pressure drop through a duct system due to dynamic losses depends upon (1) number and type of elbows present and (2) the frequency with which the velocity of air changes as it flows through the duct system. In order to overcome the resistances of a duct system, it is necessary to expend energy in maintaining a pressure differential between the two ends of the system. This is usually accomplished by the use of a fan. The fan delivers air at a static pressure great enough to overcome the resistance of the system. Figure 1-5 gives a graphical description of actual pressure changes in a simple exhaust system. Effective Specific Gravity Frequently,the location of exhaust hoods is mistakenly based on a supposition that the contaminant is `heavier than air" or "lighter than air." In most health hazard applications, this criterion is of little value. Hazardous dust, fumes, vapors and gases are truly air-borne, following air currents and are not subject to appreciable motion either upward or downward because of their own density. For example, consider the pJrMod-u8c3ed 956 MT-PWH D-004492 1-4 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION ! degreasing solvent, perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene). Assuming the perchloroethylene vapor is well mixed with air, the following calculations indicate the effective specific gravity of a 10,000 ppm perchloro ethylene-air mixture. Specific gravity of air = 1 Specific gravity of CjCt, = 5.7 10,000 ppm = 1 part C2Ct, : 99 parts of air 0.01 x 5.7 = 0.057 0.99 x 1.0 = 0.990 1.047 = effective specific gravity of mixture Since 10,000 ppm is 100 times the TLV value of perchloroethylene, the mixture normally encountered would contain much less than 10,000 ppm. By a similar calculation a 100 ppm perchloroethylene-air mixture has an effective specific gravity of 1.0005. Therefore, the perchloroethylene-air mixtures compared to clean air would have a tendency to move downward expressed by the ratio of 105/100 in the case of the 10,000 ppm mixture or 10005/10000 in the case of the 100 ppm mixture and not by the ratio of 5.7/1 as is frequently implied. Thus the effects of window venti lation, cross currents, traffic and heat can dwarf into insignificance the effect of specific gravity. A vapor of high specific gravity has been chosen for illustration; obviously the influence of specific gravity will be even less in the case of those gases and vapors whose specific gravity is closer to the specific gravity of air. Air Flow Characteristics of Blowing and Exhausing Air blown from a small opening retains its directional effect for a considerable distance beyond the plane of the opening. However, if the flow of air through the same opening were reversed so that it operated as an exhaust opening handling the same volume of air, the flow would become almost completely non-directional and its range of influence would be greatly reduced. For this reason, local exhaust hoods must not be con templated for any process which cannot be conducted in the immediate vicinity of the hood. Figure 1-6 illus trates the fundamental difference between blowing and exhausting. Make-Up Air Many exhaust systems will require a mechanical system of supplied air to offset the air exhausted. For a more complete discussion of design, refer to Section 7, "Make-Up and Recirculated Air." f ! ; 1 i . 1 , ; J < j j 957 PRODUCED JM -83 MT-PWH D-004493 4000 FPM AIR VELOCITY AT FACE OF BOTH APPROXIMATELY 10% OF FACE VELOCITY AT 30 01 A. AWAY FROM PRESSURE JET OPENING. \A / /V EXHAUSTING APPROXIMATELY 10% OF FACE VELOCITY AT ONE 01 A. AWAY FROM EXHAUST OPENING. 400 FPM Fig. 1-6 958 produced -83... MT-PWHD-004494 Section 2 DILUTION VENTILATION The terms general ventilation and dilution ventilation are often used interchangeably. In this manual gen eral ventilation refers to the removal (or supply) of air from a general area, room or building for the pur pose of comfort control, and is covered under "Ventilation for Heat Control,* Section 3. Dilution ventilation, as the name implies, refers to dilution of contaminated air with uncontaminated air in a general area, room or building for the purpose of health hazard or nuisance control. Dilution Ventilation for Health In general, dilution ventilation is not as satisfactory for health hazard control as is local exhaust ventilation. There are, however, occasional circumstances in which dilution ventilation must be used because the opera tion or process prohibits local exhaust. Circumstances may be found in which dilution ventilation provides an adequate amount of control more economically than a local exhaust system. One should be careful, how ever, not to base the economical considerations entirely upon the first cost of the system since dilution ven tilation frequently exhausts large volumes of heat from a building and can easily be a troublesome factor. The use of dilution ventilation has four limiting factors: (1) the quantity of contaminant generated must not be too great or air volume necessary for dilution will be impractical; (2) workers must be far enough away from contaminant evolution, or evolution of contaminant must be in sufficiently low concentrations so that workers will not have an exposure in excess of the established TLV value; and (3) the toxicity of the con taminant must be low; (4) the evolution of contaminants must be reasonably uniform. Dilution ventilation is very seldom successfully applied to fumes and dusts because (1) the high toxicities often encountered require too great quantities of dilution air; (2) velocity and rate of evolution are usually very high; and (3) data on the amount of fumes and dust production are very difficult if not impossible to obtain. Dilution ventilation is most often used to advantage to control the vapors from organic liquids such as the less toxic solvents. In order to successfully apply the principles of dilution to such a problem, factual data are needed on the rate of vapor generation or on the rate of liquid evaporation. Usually such data can be obtained from the plant if they keep any type of adequate records on material consumption. Example Suppose a cementing operation contaminates the air of a workroom with methyl ethyl ketone vapors, the solvent portion of the cement. It is necessary to determine how much solvent vapor is being formed every minute and this can be done by determining the amount of cement consumed and the proportion of methyl ethyl ketone contained therein. Assume that four gallons of solvent are used in eight hours or four pints per hour. The next step is to select a K value. K serves as a multi-purpose safety factor to maintain air concen trations well below the TLV. In selecting K one consideration is the toxicity of the material: Slightly toxic material: TLV a 500 ppm Moderately toxic: TLV 100 - 500 ppm Highly toxic: TLV s 100 ppm Another consideration is the evolution rate of the contaminant; usually this is non-uniform. A third aspect is the effectiveness of the ventilation. See Figure 2-1. The K value selected can vary from 3 to 10 depending on these considerations. Since several employees are scattered throughout the workroom and since the only possible location of fans in an outside wall is a considerable distance from some of the points of evolution of solvent, assume a K value of 6. Cu. ft. dilution per hour - 403 x specific gravity of solvent x 1,000,000 x pints solvent/hr. x K " molecular weight solvent x TLV 403 x 0.805 x 1,000,000 72.06 x 200 x 4 x 6 = 540,000 or 9,000 cfm dilution air. Table 2-1 lists the dilution air volumes for several of the solvents often encountered. Formulas are also given for calculating dilution air volumes for liquids not specifically listed. 2-1 959 PRODUCED M-83 MT-PWHD-004495 2-2 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Table 2-1. DILUTION AIR VOLUMES FOR VAPORS The following values are tabulated using the TLV values shown in parentheses, parts per million. TLV values are subject to revision If further research or experience indicates the need. H the TLV value has changed, the dilution air requirements should be calculated from the following formulae. 403 x sp. gr. liquid x 1,000,000 x K Cu ft air per pint evaporated = molecular weight liquid x TLV Cu ft air per lb evaporated = 387 x 1,000,000 x K molecular weight liquid x TLV Liquid Acetone (1000) n-Amyl acetate (100) Isoamyl alcohol (100) Benzol (25) n-Butanol (butyl alcohol) (100) n-Butyl acetate (150) Butyl cellosolve (50) Carbon disulfide (20) Carbon tetrachloride (10) Cellosolve (2-Ethoxyethanol) (200)** Cellosolve acetate (2 -ethoxyethy1 -acetate)(100) Chloroform (50)** 1-2 Dichloroethane (50)** (ethylene dichloride) 1-2 Dichloroethylene (200) Dioxane (100) Ethyl acetate (400) Ethyl alcohol (1000) Ethyl ether (400) Gasoline Methyl acetate (200) Methyl alcohol (200) Methyl butyl ketone (100) Methyl cellosolve (25) Methyl cellosolve acetate (25) Methyl ethyl ketone (200) Methyl isobutyl ketone (100) Methyl propyl ketone (200) Naptha (coal tar) (100) Naptha (petroleum) (500) Nitrobenzene (1) n-Propyl acetate (200) Isopropyl alcohol (400) Isopropyl ether (500)** Stoddard solvent (200) 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (5) Tetrachloroethylene (100) Toluol (Toluene) (200)** Trichloroethylene (100) Xylol (xylene) (100) Cu ft of air (STP) required for dilution to TLV* Per Pint Evaporation Per Pound Evaporation ' 5,500 27,200 37,200 44,000 20,400 61,600 20,800 6,650 29,800 43,900 Not Recommended 52,200 22,200 65,600 Not Recommended Not Recommended 21,500 29,700 29,300 Not Recommended Not Recommended 26,900 20,000 47,300 43,900 10,300 11,000 6,900 8,400 9,630 13,100 Requires special consideration 25,000 26,100 49,100 60,500 33,500 38,700 Not Recommended Not Recommended 22,500 26,900 32,300 38,700 19,000 22,400 30,000-38,000 40,000-50,000 Requires special consideration Not Recommended 17,500 18,900 13,200 16,100 5,700 7,570 15,000-17,500 20,000-25,000 Not Recornmended 39,600 23,400 19,000 21,000 45,000 29,400 33,000 36,400 *The tabulated dilution air quantities must be multiplied by the selected K value. **See Threshold Limit Values for 1971 in Appendix. See Appendix for additional TLV and for LEL values. DILUTION VENTILATION 2-3 I Poor air inlet Fair air inlet POOR FAN LOCATIONS - \= Fair air inlet Good air inlet Best air inlet mtmt Plenum Best air inlet GOOD FAN LOCATION Best exhaust (local) Calculate air volume as booth IOCcfm/sq.ft. open area. Best air inlet Note: Inlet air requires tempering during winter months. See Section 7 AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PRINCIPLES OF DILUTION VENTILATION DATE 1-66 I Fig. 2-1 PRODUCE^1 JM-83 MT-PWHD-004497 2-4 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION The principles to be applied to a dilution ventilation system are as follows: 1. Select from factual data the amount of air required for satisfactory dilution of the contaminant. The values tabulated on Table 2-1 assume perfect distribution and dilution of the air and solvent vapors. These values must be multiplied by the proper K value. 2. Locate the exhaust openings near the sources of contaminant, if possible, in order to obtain the benefit of "spot ventilation.* 3. In order for dilution methods to be effective, the exhaust outlet and air supply must be so located that all the air employed in the ventilation passes through the zone of contamination. 4. Replace exhausted air by a make-up air system. Make-up air should be heated during cold weather. Dilu tion ventilation systems usually handle large quantities of air by means of propeller fans. Make-up air usually must be provided if the ventilation is to be adequate and the system to operate satisfactorily. 5. The general air movements in the room should keep the source between the operator and the exhaust open ing. 6. A combined supply and exhaust system is preferred with a slight excess of exhaust if there are adjoining occupied spaces and a slight excess of supply if there are no such spaces. 7. Avoid re-entrance of the exhausted air by discharging the exhaust high above the roof line or by assuring that no window, outside air intakes or other such openings are located near the exhaust discharge. Dilution Ventilation for Fire and Explosion Another function of dilution ventilation is to reduce the concentration of vapors within an enclosure to below the lower explosive limit. It should be stressed that this concept is never applied in cases where workers are exposed to the vapor. In such instances, dilution rates for health hazard control are always applied. The reason for this will be apparent when comparing TLV's and lower explosive limits (LEL's). The TLV of xylol is 100 ppm. The LEL of xylol is 1% or 10,000 ppm. An atmosphere of xylol safeguarded against fire and explosion will usually be kept at 25% of the LEL or 2500 ppm. Exposure to such an atmosphere may cause severe illness or death. However, in baking and drying ovens, in enclosed air dry ing spaces, within ventilation ductwork, etc., dilution ventilation for fire and explosion is used to reduce the vapor concentration to below the LEL. The formulas listed on page 2-2 may be modified to yield air quantities to dilute to below the LEL. By substituting LEL for TLV: Cu ft per pint evaporated - (For Standard Air> Note: 1. Since LEL is expressed in %(parts per 100) rather than ppm (parts per million as for the TLV), the factor of 1,000,000 becomes 100. 2. C is a safety factor which depends on the percentage of the LEL necessary for safe conditions. In most ovens and drying enclosures it has been found desirable to maintain vapor concentrations at not more than 25% of the LEL at all times in all parts of the oven. In properly ventilated continuous ovens, a C factor of 4 is used. In batch ovens, with good air distribution, the existence of peak drying rates require s a C factor of 10 or 12 to maintain safe concentrations at all times. In non-recirculating or improperly ventilated batch or con tinuous ovens, larger C factors may be necessary. 3. B is a constant which takes into account the fact that the lower explosive limit of a solvent vapor-air mixture decreases at elevated temperatures. B = 1 for tem peratures up to 250 F; B = 0.7 for temperatures above 250 F. ' t * j j ' 1 j * i ; | ; ' ; J j ' , > : i s | 1 I t 962 PRODUCED J* - 83 MT-PWHD-004498 DILUTION VENTILATION 2-5 Example I A batch of enamel dipped shelves is baked in a recirculating oven at 350 F for one hour. The volatiles in the enamel applied to the shelves consist of two pints of xylol. What oven ventilation rate, in cfm, is required to dilute the xylol vapor concentration within the oven to a safe limit at all times? For xylol, the LEL 1%; Sp. gr. = 0.88; Mol. Wt. = 106; C = 10; B = 0.7. From the above formula: ,,___ nint (403)(0.88)(100)(10) cu ft per pint evaporated -- (106)(1)(0.7) TM For two pints of xylol evaporated in one hour: cfm,(STP) = (2)(403)(0.88)(100)(10) (l06)(l)(60)(0.7) = 158 Since the above formula is at standard conditions, the air flow rate must be converted from 70 F to 350 F (operating conditions). acfmjgQ = (cfiUg^p) (Ratio of Absolute Temperatures) - ) (460 F + 350 F) " ^ STP' (460 F + 70 F) aCfm350 F = (158) S 242 Example n In many circumstances, solvent evaporation rate is non-uniform due to the process temperature or the manner of solvent use. A 6 ft diameter muller is used for mixing resin sand on a 10 minute cycle. Each batch consists of 400 pounds of sand, 19 pounds of resin and 8 pounds of ethyl alcohol. What ventilation rate is required? For ethyl alcohol: LEL = 3.28% ; mol wt = 46.07; C = 4; B = 1 cu ft per pound evaporated (387) (100) (C) (387) (100) (4) Mol wt x LEL x B " (46.07) (3.28) (l) ' For 8 pounds of ethyl alcohol evaporated in 2 minutes: Q cfni(gTpj = j x 1022 = 4088 To convert to operating conditions, 200 F acfm (200 F) = 4088 (460 F + 200 F) (460 F + 70 F) 5100 Another source of data is the National Board of Fire Underwriters' Pamphlet #86, "Standard for Class A Ovens and Furnaces". This contains a more complete list of solvents and their properties. In addition it lists and describes a number of safeguards and interlocks which must always be considered in connection with fire dilution ventilation. See also Reference 81. Mixtures In many cases the parent liquid for which dilution ventilation rates are being designed will consist of a mixture of solvents. The common procedure used in such instances is as follows. Health Dilution Ventilation When two or more hazardous substances are present, their combined effect, rather than that of either individually, should be given primary consideration. In the absence of information to the contrary, the effects of the different hazards should be considered as additive. That is, if the sum of the following fractions, C1 C2 TLVj + TLV2 + TLV exceeds unity, then the threshold limit of the mixture should be considered as being exceeded. C indicates the observed atmospheric concentration and TLV the corresponding threshold limit. Exceptions to the above rule may be made when there is good reason to believe that the chief effects of the different harmful substances are not in fact additive but independent, as when purely local effects on different qo PRODUCED JM - 83 MT-PWHD-004499 2-6 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION organs of the body are produced by the various components of the mixture. In such cases, the threshold limit /ordinarily is exceeded only when at least one member of the series TLV.1 or TLV,2 etc.) itself has a value exceeding unity. Where two or more hazardous substances are present, the dilution ventilation should be therefore calculated in the absence of information to the contrary on the basis that the effect of the different hazards is additive. The air quantity required to dilute each component of the mixture to the required safe concentration is calcu lated and the sum of the air quantities is used as the required dilution ventilation for the mixture. Where two or more hazardous substances are present and it is known that the effects of the different sub stances are not additive but act independently on the different organs of the body, the required dilution venti lation for each component of the mixture should be calculated and the highest cfm thus obtained used as the dilution ventilation rate. Example III A paint stripping operation is being performed; methylene chloride (dichlormethane) and methyl alcohol (methanol) are being released. Both of these have narcotic properties and the effects are considered additive. Air samples disclose concentrations of 300 ppm methylene chloride and 100 ppm methyl alcohol. Using the equation given, the sum of the fractions = l.l) is greater than unity and the TLV of the mixture is exceeded. The volume of air at standard temperature and pressure required for dilution of this mixture to the TLV would be as follows. Assume that 2 pints of each is being released each hour. Select a "K" value of 4 for methylene chloride and a `K" value of 6 for methyl alcohol. Dilution rate for methylene chloride = --4 x 2 = 1700 cfm (STP) Dilution rate for methyl alcohol = 403 x '32'04x '2OO x~^~ - = 9950 cfm (STP) Dilution rate for the mixture = 1700 + 9950 * 11,650 cfm Fire Dilution Venti 1ation There is a formula for determining the lower explosive limit of mixtures of gases which is usually cor rect but which frequently shows a marked discrepancy between calculated and observed values, particularly for mixtures of solvent vapors. This formula is useful when its applicability to a particular mixture of sol vent vapors can be demonstrated but it cannot be applied indiscriminately. In such instances, it is common practice to regard the entire mixture as consisting of the components re quiring the highest amount of dilution air per unit liquid volume and to calculate the required air quantity on that basis. (This component would be the one with the highest value for (mw)`(LEL) ( i 1) I I i i proved JM-83 ) ! MT-PWHD-004500 Section 3 VENTILATION FOR HEAT CONTROL Ventilation for heat relief may include certain phases of air conditioning, the design details of which are outside the scope of this manual. Air conditioning is defined as the process of treating air so as to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness and distribution to meet the requirements of the con ditioned space. In most residential, office and commercial systems the requirements are comfort for the occupants. In many industrial situations, however, comfort conditions cannot be maintained and the function of ventilation and air conditioning, along with other control methods such as isolation, shielding and insulation is to prevent acute discomfort or actual physiological damage. Specific installations may require cooling and/or dehumidification of supply air or the supply and exhaust of considerable quantities of untreated air. The following gives some criteria for evaluating hot conditions and suggests applicable methods of control. Although exposures to cold occur in many industries, control by heating and suitable clothing is usually attained easily and cold exposure will not be further mentioned. PHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES Respiratory Requirements The need for outside air for respiration, that is, to remove carbon dioxide produced by the body and pro vide oxygen, is self-evident. In most situations, sufficient air for this purpose will enter by infiltration. Examples of some exceptions to this are the following: 1. Sealed spaces such as vaults and underground shelters. 1 & 40 |* { \ --;--i--i--i--i--i-- Ventilation Requirements A- Air requiredto provide necessary oxygen content. 3 AirrequiredtopreventCOz concentrations from __ 1__ C- Air requiredto remove objectionable body odors on sedentary adults. n. LSUfU Iff FF U> ftfUfFUdCU UJ OCT/// { Uffu -- projected) to allow for moderate physical activity. t" S 20 8 ^ !2 > 5 au O 7 -c si? IOO 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 tOOO Air Space in Cubic Feet per Person. (Ref. 49) Fig. 3-1 3-1 Pjrf&D JM -83 MT-PWHD-004501 3-2 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 2. Tanks, wells, sewers, silos, fermentation vats, etc., where oxygen may have been displaced by organic decomposition products such as methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide. In some other cases a toxic residual gas or vapor may be present even though sufficient oxygen for respiration is available. 3. Spaces where special effort has been made to isolate the area from outside air (e.g., clean rooms), particularly when inert gases are used and the ventilating system is set for 100% recirculation of the clean air or in processes where an excess of inert gas is used. Other needs for fresh air ventilation in enclosed spaces are for odor removal and removal of tobacco smoke. In actual practice, oxygen requirements and carbon dioxide removal needs are met when odor and tobacco smoke are controlled. The values shown on Curve D represent current design standards. (For detailed information, see Reference 2.) However, the prime need for ventilation is to maintain heat balance in the body. Heat Balance Environmental conditions within a space must be consistent with the body's heat balance. The problem is physical, not chemical, and the main part of the body involved is the skin, not the lungs. The heat balance may be expressed as an equation: M = + S + E + R + C where M = rate of metabolism S = rate of heat storage in the body E = rate of evaporative heat loss R = rate of radiative heat loss or gain C = rate of convective heat loss or gain In this equation, M is a positive number; R and C may be either positive or negative, depending on whether the body is losing or gaining heat by these methods. For example, if the body is losing heat by radiation to cold walls, R is positive. S is either positive, negative or zero to balance the equation. The rate of metabolism and the rate of heat losses from the body vary with both environmental and organ ism factors as shown in Table 3-1. The standard rate of metabolism for sedentary adults is taken as 400 btu/hr. Under heavy exertion this may be increased to as much as 3000 or 4000 btu/hr. Metabolism is the rate at which the body produces heat. In order to maintain thermal equilibrium, the body must lose heat at exactly this same rate. TABLE 3-1. FACTORS INVOLVING HEAT BALANCE EQUATION FACTOR ENVIRONMENT HUMAN Metabolism (M) Evaporation (E) Radiation (R) Convection (C) Little effect Wet Bulb Temperature Dry Bulb Temperature Velocity Temperature difference between bodies Emissivity of surfaces Dry Bulb Temperature Velocity Activity Weight Surface Area Age Sex Ability to produce sweat Surface area Clothing Surface area Clothing Clothing Mean body surface temp. Surface area The rate of evaporative heat loss is always positive; that is, the body can only lose heat by this means. It cannot gain heat by evaporation. The radiative and convective heat loss or gain should need no explanation. The storage factor S, which is needed to balance the equation is always small. The body cannot adapt itself to large storage effects of either warmth or cold. It is this storage effect, chiefly in the large muscle areas of the body, which produces the feeling of chill or uncomfortable warmth. Figure 3-2 shows these factors for a clothed subject at rest for varying dry bulb temperatures and constant relative humidity. , ' l * I ' , ' ; ( ' > : i j . { . / ) Educed -83 , 1 MT-PWHD-004502 VENTILATION FOR HEAT CONTROL 3-3 600 300 400 Heat Losses, Storage, and Temperature Relations for Clothed Subject 300 zoo 100' CD o `too zoo. SO 60 70 60 90 OO Dry Bulb Temperature, Deg. F HO Fig. 3-2 Adaptive Mechanism of the Body The human body, by a very complex mechanism, can attain perfect adaptation to environmental conditions through a narrow range. When this is true the storage factor is zero and optimum comfort is attained. The chief adaptive mechanisms of the body are peripheral blood circulation, sweating and change in metabolism. In cold environments the skin surface has reduced blood circulation while in a warm environment the blood circulation to the skin is increased. This increase in blood at the skin surface is at the expense of the internal organs and brain and, if excessive, can result in heat exhaustion. Sweating increases sharply in warm environments. However, in order to have a cooling effect, the humidity must be low and/or the air velocity must be high since the cooling effect is due to the evaporation of the liquid content of the sweat. Profuse sweating depletes the body salt content of unacclimatized persons and extra salt may be given when heavy work must be carried out under hot dry conditions. The rate of metabolism is fairly constant in a temperate environment. There is an increase, however, in metabolism at low temperatures and at high temperatures. At elevated temperatures a sharp increase in metabolism denotes the beginning of the breakdown of the regulative process. See Figure 3-2. Acclimatization Acclimatization of personnel exposed to heat for extended periods of time is well demonstrated. Over a period of two weeks or so, the capacity of the individual to withstand heat is considerably increased. The acclimatization starts with a decrease in heat production as the individual adjusts by using energy more effi ciently and relaxing when the work situation permits. During the first few days an increase in sweating de velops. The heat regulating mechanism apparently becomes more sensitive, enabling the individual to better react to rapidly changing environmental conditions. The blood volume is increased, as is the volume of extra cellular fluid; at the same time there is a marked drop in pulse rate response. The concentration of salt in the sweat decreases to a point where it is virtually impossible for a chloride deficit to be produced even by hard work in a hot dry environment. Effective Temperature Effective temperature (ET) is an index of relative comfort determined by successive comparison of differ ent combinations of temperature, humidity and air movement and gives the relative impression of persons immediately upon entering a space. The numerical value of the ET for any given air condition is fixed by the MT-PWHD-004503 3-4 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION t ) I I \ ) 1 I 1 Notes 1. Effective Temperature (clashed) lines indicate sensation of warmth immediately after entering conditioned space. 2. Solid lines 3, 4, 5, and 6 indicate sensations experienced after three hour occupancy. 3. Both sets of curves apply to people at rest and normally clothed. Fig. 3-3. Comfort chart for still air. Courtesy of the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers. I I I | * I | I . 968 PRODUCED IH _ QO MT-PWHD-004504 VENTILATION FOR HEAT CONTROL 3-5 Fig. 3-4. Chart showing normal scale of effective temperature (applicable to persons at rest and normally clothed). Courtesy of the American Society of Heating and Ventilation Engineers. For application of this chart, see text. 969 PRODUCED JM - 83 MT-PWHD-004505 3-6 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION teo 120 1 1 % l i ! I I !1 I I 1 1 i 1 At rest or doing light physical work in rooms heated by convection methods. Fig. 3-5. Effective Temperature. Basic scale of effective temperature applicable to men stripped to the waist. (Courtesy American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers.) For application of this chart, see text. 1 I I 970 PRODUCED JM - 83 MT-PWHD-004506 VENTILATION FOR HEAT CONTROL 3-7 temperature of slowly moving saturated air which gives a like immediate sensation of warmth or coolness. The ET is determined by referring measured dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature and air velocity to a chart. For persons at rest or engaged in light activity, over periods of several hours, it has been determined that the effect of humidity is much less than indicated by the effective temperature. Presently accepted criteria for comfort of normally clothed, sedentary Americans are shown on the revised ASHRAE comfort chart, Figure 3-3, along with the effective temperature lines for still (less than 25 fpm) air. Effective temperatures are still valid criteria when sweating occurs and in the absence of a radiative heat load may be used to specify permissible thermal conditions. Figure 3-4 shows the effective temperature chart for persons normally clothed, engaged in moderate activity and includes the effect of air velocity. To determine effective temperature from this chart, a line is drawn connecting dry bulb and wet bulb tempera tures. The intersection of this line with the air velocity line determines the effective temperature. Globe Temperature Effective temperature does not consider the effect of radiant heat although radiation from hot surfaces is often a major heat load on the body. One measure of the radiation effect is the globe temperature. The globe temperature is determined by means of a thermometer placed inside a six-inch copper sphere, matte black inside and out (a copper toilet tank float similarly treated may be substituted). The globe thermometer ordinarily requires 20 minutes to come to equilibrium. If the globe temperature is 20 F or more above the temperature determined in the same location by a shielded thermometer, then radiation shielding should be considered as it will reduce the heat load on an individual considerably more than will additional ventilation. Globe temperatures may be used to determine effective temperature corrected for radiation as described later. Where air velocities are more than 200 fpm and/or when the radiation is such that opposite sides of the globe have very different surface temperatures, globe readings will be inconsistent and radiation on a person may be calculated from measured surface temperatures and solid angles as described in Reference 70. Effective Temperature Corrected for Radiation Effective temperature for an environment involving radiant heat load may be determined by use of dry bulb, wet bulb and globe thermometer readings in the following manner: 1. Determine the absolute humidity of the air by the use of wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures and psychrometric chart (See Appendix). 2. Determine a pseudo wet bulb temperature represented by the absolute humidity and a dry bulb tempera ture the same as the globe thermometer reading. 3. Determine the effective temperature represented by the pseudo wet bulb reading and the globe ther mometer reading by use of the effective temperature chart. Example: Given: Workers normally clothed, doing light work, are exposed to a radiant heat condition in which the fol lowing measurements were made: Dry bulb temperature Wet bulb temperature Globe Thermometer Air Velocity 70 F 55 F 95 F 100 fpm Determine effective temperature to which workers are subjected. Determine absolute humidity from the psychrometric chart by locating the point where the dry bulb tem perature line, 70 F, crosses the wet bulb temperature line, 55 F (see Figure 3-6). Project this point horizon tally to the right and read 40 grains water vapor per pound dry air, absolute humidity. Determine the pseudo wet bulb reading by putting the globe temperature, 95 F, on the dry bulb scale of the chart and projecting it vertically until it crosses the previously determined absolute humidity line (40 gr) (-- see Figure 3-6). Project this point along the wet bulb temperature line to the dew point temperature o:r 100% humidity line. Read 64 F; this is the pseudo wet bulb temperature. To determine the effective temperature, use chart Figure 3-4. On the left (dry bulb temperature scale) locate the globe thermometer temperature, 95 F; on the wet bulb temperature scale locate the pseudo wet bulb temperature, 64 F. Draw a line between the two points. At the point where this line crosses the 100 fpm velocity line read the effective temperature, 78 F. PRODUCED JM-83 MT-PWH D-004507 3-8 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Tolerance to Hot Atmospheres Various laboratory and field studies have indicated the temperature and humidity limits for continuous work in hot industries shown in Table 3-2. The effective temperatures correspond approximately to those obtained from Figure 3-5 which is based on at-rest subjects stripped to the waist. Thus either Table 3-2 or Figure 3-5 may be used in determining effective temperatures for use with the effective temperature toler- Fig. 3-7. Tolerance times for men at rest in still air of diverse wet-bulb temperatures and four relative humidities. Times are averaged for the three or four men, nude to the waist, who sat simul taneously through each test. The consistency of the results is represented by the fact that points of di verse humidities do not overlap. The temperature ceiling is reduced about 1 F for each 20% of rela tive humidity. Fig. 3-8. Tolerance times at diverse effective temperatures. Same data as in Figure 3-7. It is evi dent that the scale of effective temperatures makes the times identical regardless of humidities. 972 produced I JM -83 MT-PWHD-004508 VENTILATION FOR HEAT CONTROL 3-9 ance limits for various work conditions given in Table 3-2. The limitation of temperature and humidity to the perspiration threshold of 75 ET in cold weather is desirable in order to reduce excessive sweating and consequent chilling of workers during rest or in post work periods. In all cases where a significant radiant heat load is involved, the effective temperature corrected for radiation should be used. Where exposure to heat beyond the limits of Table 3-2 becomes necessary, short periods of work in the heat should be alternated with rest periods in a cooler environment. Thus while it is generally concluded that a wet-bulb temperature of 88 F to 90 F is the upper limit which men can endure for long periods, wetbulb temperatures of over 110 F can be tolerated for a few minutes. Figure 3-7 relates tolerance time to wet-bulb temperature at different humidities for subjects at rest, stripped to the waist, and Figure 3-8 presents the same data in terms of effective temperature. For higher rates of metabolism the tolerance would be greatly reduced. Thus an increase in metabolism of 2 1/2 times decreases the wet-bulb temper ature of tolerance for one hour by 13 F. CONTROL METHODS This manual will deal only with engineering methods for the control of abnormally hot atmospheres. How ever, an accepted industrial hygiene method other than actual control will first be mentioned. This method is to limit the time of exposure as well as the total number of employees exposed. If control cannot be achieved by other methods it may prove necessary to limit the time of exposure, with periods of rest or other work in cooler atmospheres. Baffles, shields or partitions may also be indicated to prevent unnecessary exposure of workers. Ventilation Exhaust ventilation may be used to remove excessive heat and/or humidity if a source of cooler air is available. If it is possible to enclose the heat source, such as in the case of ovens or certain furnaces, a gravity or forced air stack may be all that is necessary to prevent excessive heat from entering the work room. If a partial enclosure or local hood is indicated, control velocities as shown in Section 5 may be used to determine the volume of air to be exhausted. In the case of many operations which do not lend themselves to local exhaust, general ventilation may be indicated. In order to arrive at the air volumes required it is necessary to estimate the summation of all sources of both sensible and latent heat, as well as to determine in advance the temperature rise or humidity Table 3-2 High Environmental Dry and Wet-Bulb Temperatures* That Can Be Tolerated in Daily Work by Healthy, Acclimatized Men Wearing Warm Weather Clothing Activity Summer season Light sedentary activities (85 ET) Summer season Heavy work (80 ET) Winter season Light or heavy work (75 ET) Relative Humidity % 80 60 40 20 5 80 60 40 . 20 5 80 60 40 20 5 15- 25 fpm Dry Wet Bulb Bulb 89 84 94 82 100 79 109 75 119 69 83 78 88 76 93 73 100 69 107 64 78 73 81 71 86 68 91 63 97 58 Air Movement 100 fpm Dry Wet Bulb Bulb 91 85 96 84 101 81 110 75 118 69 86 81 90 78 95 75 101 70 107 64 81 77 85 74 89 70 93 65 97 58 (Including radiation effect) 300 fpm Dry Wet Bulb Bulb 93 87 98 85 103 82 110 75 117 68 89 83 93 80 97 76 102 70 106 63 85 79 88 76 91 72 94 66 97 59 973 MT-PWHD-004509 3-10 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION rise which will be acceptable. The volume of air required for sensible heat may be estimated from the follow ing equation: _ Total Btu/hr sensible heat cfm ' 1.08 x Temp, rise -- F In order to use this equation it is necessary to first estimate the heat load. This will include sun load, people, lights and motors as well as other particular sources of heat. Of these, sun load, lights and motors are all completely sensible. The people heat load is part sensible and part latent. In the case of hot processes which give off both sensible and latent heat, it will be necessary to estimate the amounts or percentages of each. In using the above equation for sensible heat, the temperature rise which will be permitted must be decided upon. Thus in a locality where 90 F outside dry bulb may be expected, if it is desired that the inside temper ature not exceed 100 F, or a 10 degree rise, a certain air volume will be necessary. If an inside temperature of 95 F is required, the air volume will be doubled. For latent heat load, the procedure is similar although more difficult. If the total amount of steam evapo rated is known, the heat load may be estimated by multiplying the pounds of steam per hour by 1000. Then Cfm _ btu/hr latent heat " 0.67 x Grains/lb difference When the amount of water released is known, the following formula is used: cfm - 116 7 Punc*s/hr water released as vapor * Grains/pound difference x d where d = density of air in pounds/cu ft The term "grains per pound difference" is taken from the psychrometric chart or tables and represents the difference in moisture content of the outside air and the conditions acceptable to the engineer designing the exhaust system. The air quantities calculated from the above two equations should not be added to arrive at the required air quantity. Rather, the higher quantity should be used, since both sensible and latent heat are absorbed simultaneously. Furthermore, in the majority of cases the sensible heat load far exceeds the latent heat load so that the design can be calculated only on the basis of sensible heat. Velocity Cooling If the air dry bulb or wet bulb temperatures are lower than 95 - 100 F, the worker may be cooled by con vection or evaporation as shown by the Effective Temperature Charts, Fig. 3-4 and 3-5. When the dry bulb temperature is higher than 95 - 100 F, increased air velocity may add heat to the worker by convection; if the wet bulb temperature is high also, evaporative heat loss may not increase proportionately and the net result will be an increase in the workers' heat burden. Many designers consider that supply air temperature should not exceed 80 F for practical heat relief. Current practice indicates that air velocities considerably higher than those shown in Fig. 3-4 and 3-5 can be used successfully for direct cooling of workers and the following may be used as guides. For best results provide directional control of the air supply (see Fig. 7-2) to accommodate daily and seasonal variations in heat exposure and supply air temperatures. TABLE 3-3 ACCEPTABLE AIR MOTION AT THE WORKER Continuous Exposure Air conditioned space Fixed work station, general ventilation or spot cooling: Sitting Standing Intermittent Exposure, Spot Cooling or Relief Stations Light heat loads and activity Moderate heat loads and activity High heat loads and activity Air Velocity, fpm 50-75 75-125 100-200 1000-2000 2000-3000 3000-4000 i I I i V i 974 PRODUCED JM-83 MT-PWHD-004510 VENTILATION FOR HEAT CONTROL 3-11 Enclosures In certain hot industries, such as in steel mills, it is unnecessary and impractical to attempt to control the heat from the process. If the operation is such that remote control is possible, an air conditioned booth or cab can be utilized to keep the operators reasonably comfortable in an otherwise intolerable atmosphere. Insulation If the source of heat is a surface giving rise to convection, heat insulation at the surface will reduce this form of heat transfer. Insulation by itself, however, will not usually be sufficient if the temperature is very high or if the heat content is high. Radiation Control Since radiation is a form of heat energy which needs no medium for its transfer, radiant heat cannot tie controlled by any of the above means. Painting or coating the surface of hot bodies with materials having low radiation emission characteristics is one method of reducing radiation. TABLE 3-4 RELATIVE EFFICIENCIES OF COMMON SHIELDING MATERIALS Surface of Shielding Aluminum, bright Zinc, bright Aluminum, oxidized Zinc, oxidized Aluminum paint, new clean Aluminum paint, dull, dirty Iron, sheet, smooth Iron, sheet, oxidized Brick Lacquer, black Lacquer, white Asbestos board Lacquer, flat black Reflection of Radiant Heat Incident Upon Surface 95 90 84 73 65 40 45 35 20 10 10 6 3 Emission of Radiant Heat from Surface 5 10 16 27 35 60 55 65 80 90 90 94 97 For materials such as molten masses of metal or glass which cannot be controlled directly, radiation shields are effective. These shields can consist of metal plates, screens, or other material interposed be tween the source of radiant heat and the workers. Shielding reduces the radiant heat load by reflecting the major portion of the incident radiant heat away from the operator and by re-emitting to the operator only a portion of that radiant heat which has been absorbed. Additional ventilation will control the sensible heat load but will have only a minimal effect, if any, upon the radiant heat load. Protective Suits for Short Exposures For brief exposures to very high temperatures, insulated aluminized suits and other protective clothing may be worn. These suits reduce the rate of heat gain by the body but provide no means of removing body heat; therefore, only short exposures may be tolerated. Respiratory Heat Exchangers For brief exposures to air of good quality but high temperature, a heat exchanger on a half-mask respirator facepiece is available. This device will bring air into the respiratory passages at a tolerable temperature but will not remove contaminants nor furnish oxygen in poor atmospheres. Refrigerated Suits Where individuals must move about, cold air may be blown into a suit or hood worn as a portable enclosure. The usual refrigeration methods may be used with insulated tubing to the suit. It may be difficult, however, to deliver air at a sufficiently low temperature. If compressed air is available, cold air may be delivered from a vortex tube worn on the suit (75). Suits of this type are commercially available. 975 WOOOCfO "'-83 MT-PWHD-004511 Section 4 HOOD DESIGN DATA Introduction Proper design of exhaust hoods is necessary if a local exhaust system is to effectively control atmospher ic contamination at its source with a minimum air flow and power consumption. The theory of capture veloc ity depends on the creation of air flow past the source of contaminant sufficient to remove the highly contami nated air around the source or issuing from that source and to draw the air into an exhaust hood. It can be shown that dust particles in the small micron sizes, even if impelled at extremely high original velocities, travel a very short distance in air--a matter of a few inches at the most (References 7, 16). Thus the fine dust particles of health significance follow the air currents and are often referred to as "air-borne dust." The same considerations apply to mists and fumes. Vapors and gases, of course, mix intimately with air and follow the air currents. Larger dust particles released at high velocities (example, the larger particles from grinding) do have an appreciable trajectory or "throw" in air. These larger particles cannot be captured unless directed into the hood. Scattering can also be prevented by properly placed barriers. It is desirable to collect this dust as well as the truly air-borne dust and thus utilize the exhaust ventilation to improve the housekeeping and main tenance situation in the plant. Principles of Hood Design Basically, hood design requires sufficient knowledge of a process or operation so the most effective hood or enclosure can be installed to provide minimum exhaust volumes for effective contaminant control. The more complete the enclosure, the more economical and effective the installation will be. Many designers de velop their hoods by mentally enclosing the operation completely, from there providing access and working openings as indicated. From this complete enclosure concept, familiar hood shapes like booths, side or down-draft hoods with or without side shields are developed. All openings are kept to a minimum and located away from the natural path of the contaminant travel wherever possible. Inspection and maintenance open ings are provided with doors whenever practicable. Local hoods that do not enclose or confine the contaminant are recommended only as a last resort because exhaust volumes are large and control can be so easily upset by cross drafts in the area. Canopy hoods are effective for the control of hot processes and for those operations which release sudden surges of hot gases and vapors. Canopies should not be used where men must work directly over the opera tion as in the case of plating tanks and cementing tables since the flow of air passes the worker's breathing zone and can increase his exposure to toxic materials. Exhaust duct takeoffs will be located, when possible, to be in the line of normal contaminant travel and will be arranged so desired distribution of exhaust air flow is attained. In the case of large shallow hoods, the air movement tends to concentrate in front of the duct opening. Satisfactory air distribution can be at tained by using multiple takeoffs or by installing interior baffles or filter banks. Effects of Flanging Wherever possible, flanges should be provided to eliminate air flow from ineffective zones where no con taminant exists. Increasing the hood effectiveness in this manner will usually reduce air requirements by 25% (See Figures 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4.) For most applications the flange width can be equal to the hood diameter or side but need not exceed 6 in. It is only after the hood design has been determined that exhaust volume requirements can be calculated. With enclosures* volumes are calculated from the known open area of the hood and the selection of the capture or indraft velocity sufficient to prevent outward escapement. Where enclosure of the process is impractica ble, air flow pattern in front of the hood must be such that selected capture velocities will be maintained in the area of generation, conveying the contaminant to the hood opening. 4-1 -83 MT-PWHD-004512 4-2 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Capture Velocity - Air velocity at (my point in front of the hood or at the hood opening necessary to overcome opposing air currents and to copture the contaminated air at that point by causing it to flow into the hood. Face Velocity -- Air velocity at the hood opening. Slot Velocity -- Air velocity through the openings in a slot'type hood, fpm. it is used primarily as a means of obtaining uniform air distribution across the face of the hood. Plenum Velocity -- Air velocity in the plenum, fpm. For good air distribution with slot-types of hoods, the maximum plenum velocity should be 1/2 of the Slat Velocity or less. Duct Velocity - Air velocity through the duct cross section, fpm. When solid material is present in the air stream, the duct velocity must be equal to the minimum Transport Velocity. Transport (Conveying) Velocity -- Minimum air velocity required to move the particulates in the air stream, fpm. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PRINCIPLES OF EXHAUST HOODS DATE ~F66 | Fig. 4'! 9?7 | ! , i ' j j j i MT-PWHD-004513 HOOD DESIGN DATA 4-3 Plain Openings Air will move in all directions toward openings under suction. By definition, flow contours are lines of equal velocity in front of a hood. Similarly, streamlines are lines perpendicular to velocity contours. (The tangent to a streamline at any point indicates the direction of air flow at that point.) Figure 4-2 illustrates air flow in front of a circular opening. . The equation of flow before free hanging hoods (Reference 9) for round hoods, and rectangular hoods which are essentially square, is: Q " 10X2 + A Where: V = Centerline velocity at X distance from hood, fpm X = Distance outward along axis in ft. (Note: equation is accurate only for limited dis tance of X, where X is within 1-1/2 D) Q = Air flow, cfm. A = Area of hood opening in square feet. D = Diameter of round hoods or side of essentially square hoods. As can be seen from this equation and from Figure 4-2, there is a rapid velocity decrease with increasing distances from the hood, varying almost inversely with the square of the distance. Where distances of X are greater than 1-1/2D, the velocity decreases less rapidly with distance than the above equation indicates (See References 38 and 54). 50 of diameter Fig. 4-2 Velocity contours (expressed in percentage of opening velocity) and streamlines for circular openings. The preceeding formula applies to air flow conditions in front of freely suspended plain openings. Figure 4-4 illustrates other hood types and gives the air volume formulae which apply. 978 PRODUCED JM 83 MT-PWHD-004514 4-4 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION i i i 1 i i i ! ! Capture Velocities Capture velocity is the velocity at any point in front of the hood necessary to overcome opposing air currents and to capture the contaminated air by causing it to flow into the exhaust hood. Exceptionally high volume hoods (example, large side-draft shakeout) require less air volume than would be indicated by the capture velocity values recommended for small hoods. This phenomenon is ascribed to: 1. The presence of a large air mass moving into the hood. 2. The fact that the contaminant is under the influence of the hood for a much longer time than is the case with small hoods. 3. The fact that the large air volume affords considerable dilution as described above. Table 4-1 offers capture velocity data. Additional information is found in Section 5, Table 5-9-2. i J , E , j * __ 979 PRODUCED JU - 83 -! MT-PWHD-004515 HOOD DESIGN DATA TABLE 4-1 RANGE OF CAPTURE VELOCITIES (7,24) 4-5 Condition of Dispersion of ContaminantExamples_______________________________ Released with practically no velocity into quiet air. Evaporation from tanks; degreasing, etc. Released at low velocity into moderately still air. Spray booths; intermittent container filling; low speed conveyor transfers; welding; plating; pickling Active generation into zone of rapid air motion Spray painting in shallow booths; barrel filling; conveyor loading; crushers Released at high initial velocity Grinding; abrasive blasting, tumbling into zone of very rapid air motion. Capture Velocity, fpm 50-100 100-200 200-500 500-2000 In each category above, a range of capture velocity is shown. The proper choice of values depends on several factors: Lower End of Range Upper End of Range 1. Room air currents minimal or favorable to capture. 2. Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance value only. 3. Intermittent, low production. 4. Large hood--large air mass in motion. 1. Disturbing room air currents. 2. Contaminants of high toxicity, 3. High production, heavy use. 4. Small hood--local control only. Hood Design Procedure Effective control of a contaminant producing process is brought about by first eliminating or minimizing all air motion about the process and then capturing the contaminated air by causing it to flow into the exhaust hood. Flow toward the suction opening must be sufficiently high to maintain the necessary capture velocity and to overcome opposing air currents. Elimination of sources of air motion as a first step in hood design is an important factor in cutting down the required air volume and the corresponding power consumption. Important sources of air motion are: 1. Thermal air currents, especially from hot processes or heat-generating operations. 2. Motion of machinery, as by a grinding wheel, belt conveyor, etc. 3. Material motion, as in dumping or container filling. 4. Movements of the operator. 5. Room air currents (which are usually taken at 50 fpm minimum and may be much higher). 6. Spot cooling and heating equipment. The shape of the hood, its size, location and rate of air flow are important design considerations. The hood should enclose the operation as much as possible. If enclosure is not practicable, the hood should be located as close as possible to the source and shaped to control the area of contamination. Flanges should be used whenever possible to eliminate exhausting air from ineffective areas (see page 4-1) and also to decrease the hood entry loss. Hood Entry Coefficient and Static Pressure If by creating suction air enters an opening, a typical flow pattern results as shown in Figure 4-2. Maximum convergence of the air stream occurs at a short distance downstream at the plane of the vena contracts where the diameter of the jet is smaller than the diameter of the duct. The formation of the vena contracts is accompanied by a conversion of static pressure to velocity pressure and from velocity pressure back to static pressure. A loss of about 2% in static pressure results from the conversion of static to velocity pressure and a much greater loss in static pressure results from the conver sion of velocity pressure at the vena contracts to static pressure as the air fills the duct. The area of the air stream at the vena contracta will vary with the shape of the hood or duct opening and for most hood shapes will range from 70% to 100% of the duct area. wo88ed -83 MT-PWHD-004516 4-6 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 1 1 t Fig. 4-5. Air flow at the vena contracta. The losses due to pressure conversion result in a decreased rate of flow as indicated by the coefficient of entry, Ce. The coefficient of entry is defined as the actual rate of flow caused by a given static pressure compared to the theoretical flow which would result if the static pressure could be converted to velocity pres sure with 100% efficiency. It is the ratio of actual to theoretical flow. Figure 4-8 provides Ce values for many hood types. Coefficient of entry Ce represents the percentage of flow that will occur into a given hood based on the SP developed in the branch. CFM for any hood can be written either in the usual (4005 A V'VP) or as (4005 A Ce yliPj,) Q = 4005 A V'VP = 4005 A Ce VSPh C =i Hood entry loss he is another convenient means of determining air flow through a hood and can be defined as representing the loss in pressure caused by air flowing into a duct. SI^ at hood = VP in the duct + he- Relationship between Ce and he can be derived as follows: Substitute: SPKn = VP + he ft 'VP + hc VP he. ---VP \ i I t ) j ft&DUCED JM-83 MT-PWHD-004517 HOOD DESIGN DATA 4-7 It is, therefore, desirable to minimize the air stream contraction which occurs at the vena contracts zone by suitable hood design. Figure 4-8 illustrates the effect of hood design on the entry coefficient and on the entry loss in terms of velocity head in the connecting duct, the latter being another way of expressing hood entry loss. Considering the grinding wheel hood shown in Figure 4-8, some typical calculations are as follows: Example Problem I GIVEN Ce = 0.78 SP.h = 2.50 inches water Duct Diameter = 5 inches Duct Area = 0.136 square feet where SPh = static pressure, inches water VP = velocity pressure, inches water = hood entry loss, inches water = hood entry loss factor TO FIND a. Air Volume b. Duct Velocity c. Per Cent Loss in Velocity Head Q = 4005 C A VSP = 4005 x 0.78 eh x 0.136 V2.50 = 672 cfm b. V _Q A _ 672 CU36 = 4950 fpm vp - ($s)' SP.h = VP + he h = SP. - VP = 2.50 1.52 = 0.98 -a-- Loss = F x 100 = 0.645 x 100 = 64.5% As a ventilation standard, static pressure alone without reference to the duct diameter is meaningless. Decreasing the branch duct size results in higher velocity, greater resistance and a lowered rate of flow al though the static pressure value is increased. The ventilation performance of hoods should be based pri marily on air volumes handled. Slots for Air Distribution Slot hoods are most commonly used to provide uniform exhaust air flow at adequate capture velocity over a finite length of contaminant generation--such as an open tank--or over the face of a large hood such as a side draft design. The function of the slot is solely to obtain proper air distribution. Slot velocity does not con tribute toward capture velocity; a high slot velocity simply generates high pressure losses. Note that the cap ture velocity equation (Figure 4-4) shows that the capture velocity is related to the exhaust volume and the slot length, not the slot velocity. Slot hoods usually consist of a narrow exhaust opening and a plenum chamber. Uniform exhaust air dis tribution across the slot is obtained by careful design. Splitter vanes may be used in the plenum; however, in most industrial exhaust systems vanes are subject to corrosion and/or erosion and provide locations for material build-up. Adjustable slots can be provided but these are subject to tampering and maladjustment. The most practicable hood is the fixed slot and unobstructed plenum type. The design of the slot and plenum is such that the pressure loss through the slot is high compared with the pressure loss through the plenum. Thus all portions of the slot are subjected to essentially equal suction and the slot velocity will be essentially uniform. There is no straight-forward method for calculating the pressure drop from one end to the other of a slotplenum combination. A very useful approximation, applicable to most hoods, is to design for a maximum plenum velocity equal to 1/2 of the slot velocity. For most slot hoods a 2,000 fpm slot velocity and 1,000 fpm plenum velocity is a reasonable choice for uniformity of flow and moderate pressure drop. Following are some broad design guidelines: Centered Exhaust Take Off design results in the smallest practical plenum size since the air approaches the duct from both directions. Where large, deep plenums are possible, as with shakeout hoods, the slot velocity may be as low as 1,000 fpm with a 500 fpm plenum velocity. End Take Off configurations require large plenum sizes because all of the air must pass in one direction. 982 -S3 MT-PWHD-004518 4-8 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Note that where slot-plenum hoods are used for dust control, plenum velocities must be 3,000 fpm or higher to transport particulate matter through the hood. Otherwise, settling and plugging will occur. Calculation of Static Pressure Losses in Exhaust Hoods Simple Hoods: Plain duct openings, flanged duct openings, canopies and similar hoods have only one sig nificant energy loss, at the point where the air enters the duct. At this location a pronounced vena contracts is formed and an energy loss occurs first in the conversion of static pressure to velocity pressure. As the air passes through the vena contracta, the flow area enlarges to fill the duct and velocity pressure converts to static pressure, again with some energy loss. The more pronounced the vena contracta, the greater will be the energy loss and hood static pressure. The hood entry loss (he) can be expressed therefore in terms of a single factor (F) which, when multiplied by the duct velocity pressure (VP), will give the entry loss (he) in inches of water. Example Problem IT In a simple hood (Figure 4-6) the hood static pressure is equal to the velocity pressure in the duct plus the hood entry loss. (See page 1-3, "Acceleration of Air and Hood Entrance Losses".) The velocity pressure represents the pressure necessary to accelerate the air from rest to the duct velocity; the hood entry loss represents the energy necessary to overcome the loss as the air enters the duct. This may be expressed as: SPh = ed + VP, when face velocity is less than 1000 fpm (when face velocity is higher than 1000 fpm, the hood should be treated as a compound hood. See following.). Where: h^ = entry loss of transition (See Figure 6-10) VPd = Duct Velocity Pressure A typical calculation is as follows: Given: Face Velocity = m-Q5-- = 250 fpm Aface Duct Velocity = v --- = 2000 fpm duct VPd = 0.25" F = 0.25 VPd SPh = hed VPd Duct i 1 1 I i ) i I i tit ! 1 Compound Hoods: Other types of hoods have two or more points of significant energy loss and must be considered in greater detail. Common examples are hoods having double entry losses: slot type hoods and multiple opening, lateral draft hoods commonly used on plating, paint dipping and degreasing tanks and foundry side draft shakeout ventilation. | ! . produced 983 JM .W MT-PWHD-004519 HOOD DESIGN DATA 4-9 Figure 4-7 illustrates a double entry loss hood; this is a single slot hood with a plenum and a transition from the plenum to the duct. The purpose of the plenum i6 to give uniform velocity across the slot opening. Air enters the slot, in this case a sharp-edged orifice, and loses energy due to the vena contracta at this point. The air then continues through the plenum where the greater portion of the slot velocity is retained because the air stream projects Itself across the plenum in a manner similar to the "blowing" supply stream shown in Figure 1-6. (The retention of velocity in the plenum is characteristic of most local exhaust hoods because of the short plenum length. In the case of very large hoods or exhausted sealed rooms, however, the velocity loss must be taken into account.) The air then converges into the duct through the transition where the second significant energy loss occurs. Example Problem m In Figure 4-7 the air enters the slot, a slot entry loss occurs and the air is accelerated to the slot velocity. It then crosses the plenum and enters the duct through the hood transition where another entry loss occurs and the air is accelerated further from its initial velocity in the slot to the higher duct velocity. In most cases, the slot velocity is equal to or lower than the duct velocity; in all cases, however, the air must be accelerated to the higher velocity. The hood static pressure for a double entry hood can be expressed as the equation: SP.h = hes + VPs +hed.+ VPd. - VPs thus: (1) SP^ = hfis + l>e{j + VP^ when duct velocity is greater than slot velocity (2) SP.h = hes + hed, + VPs when slot velocity is greater than duct velocity where: es entry loss through slot (See Figure 6-10) VP slot velocity pressure h^ = entry loss of transition (See Figure 6-10) VP^ = duct velocity pressure Some typical calculations, using "Equation 1", are as follows: Plating Hood Foundry Shakeout Hood Slot velocity = = 2000 fpm Aslot VP = 0.25" hes slot = 1.78 VPs Duct velocity = O-- = 2000 fpm Aslot VP, = 0.25" a hed. transition = 0.25 VPd. Slot velocity = 1000 fpm VP s = 0.07" hes slot = 1.78 VPs Duct velocity = 3500 fpm VPa. = 0.76" ed transition = 0.25 VP. a SPh hes ed + VPa, Substituting given values: SP.n = 1.78 VP. + 0.25 VPa. + VPa. sph (1.78 x 0.25) + (0.25 x 0.25) + 0.25 SPh 0.7575" = 0.76" SP. = (1.78 x 0.07) + (0.25 x 0.76) + 0.76 n SPVn = 1.0746" = 1.07" 984 PRODUCED JM -83 MT-PWHD-004520 4-10 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION The use of "Equation 2" is illustrated in the case of a hood where: Slot velocity = 4000 fpm Duct velocity = 2000 fpm VPs = 1.00" VP. = 0.25" a SPh es + hed VP * s = (1.78x 1.00") + (0.25x 0.25") + 1.00' SP,. = 2.8425" = 2.84" * In an actual installation there may be some regain of the higher VP as the air passes through the hood, H: is not possible to predict this, however, and it is better to assume that the energy requirement is as shown. Certain hoods may be constructed with internal baffles and/or slots and can have more than two significant energy losses. In such cases, a simple step-by-step calculation of all losses will result in an accurate determination of SP^. Ventilation of Radioactive and High Toxicity Operations Ventilation of radioactive and high toxicity processes requires a knowledge of the hazards, the use of proven control methods and adequate maintenance, including monitoring. While the degree of air or gas cleanliness required will vary with the operation, in most cases the order of cleaning before discharge to atmosphere will be considerably beyond the more usual industrial clean air standards. The chemical laboratory exhaust hood (VS-203) illustrates typical design criterion. The influence of eddy currents from air supply systems, the care in sizing and locating exhaust connections, the study of air flow patterns within the hood and the cleaning of exhaust gases are much more involved than the rule of thumb de sign efforts for usual laboratory hoods where dilution ventilation greatly contributes to satisfactory control. The same care is mandatory for air supply and exhaust systems and the selection of air cleaning equipment. Air cleaning of supply air is normally of a high order of efficiency and the exhaust air cleaning is often a combination of high-efficiency collectors or filters backed up by absolute or ultra high-efficiency designs. Exposure of service personnel and contamination hazards from servicing or replacing collector or filter elements justify the expensive equipment so often encountered. Wet dust collector designs in place of inexpen sive air filters may store material more safely and may make contamination of an area less likely. Reverse jet fabric arresters will often be used in place of less expensive conventional fabric because there are fewer feet of air seals to leak and fewer elements to be replaced. Scalping or prefilters installed in series with ab solute filters will reduce replacement cycle, reduce handling, waste disposal and possible contamination prob lems. The following general rules should be followed in the design of hoods for radioactive and high toxicity ma terials: 1. Operations in which radioactive materials are handled should be enclosed as much as possible to pre vent contaminating large air volumes. (The use of glove boxes minimizes air volumes and simplifies air-treatment problems.) 2. High velocities and cross-drafts should be avoided because they may increase contamination and dust loading many fold. 3. The volume of air withdrawn from the hood must be greater than the volume of contaminated gases, fumes or dusts created in the hood. 4. If possible, the operations requiring large amounts of wet digestion and volatilized acid or solvent treat ment should be confined to one group of hoods and the handling of dry material in others. 5. Whenever possible, radioactive aerosols should be removed by filtration as close to the hood as practi cal to prevent unnecessary contamination of equipment and ductwork. 6. The value or accountability of the material may require a design so that even the smallest chips and turnings can be reclaimed. 7. An adequate supply of coolant inside the hood may be necessary, depending on the pyroforic nature of the contaminant. 8. Accessibility for decontamination of the hood and duct system must be made as easy as possible and quite frequently stainless steel is used for the metal parts of the hood for this reason. 9. The fan should be located so ductwork within the building is under a negative pressure. Normally, for laboratory type hoods, an average face velocity of 125-200 fpm and a minimum face velocity of 100 fpm would be necessary to insure that no contaminant would escape into the room. In addition, face i I ! I 1 I 1 I I ! r i ) I PRODUCED JIII-83 MT-PWHD-004521 HOOD DESIGN DATA 4-11 velocities of laboratory hoods with adjustable fronts should be controlled within reasonable limits in order to reduce the disturbances of air-borne materials within the hood. This velocity control can be accomplished by either proportional bypass (constant volume) or controlled face velocity (variable volume). Hoods with high heat loads should have a major portion of the air exhausted through the slot at the top. In the laboratory handling of high alpha or beta emitters, enclosed glove boxes should be used. With the necessary tight construction, an exhaust volume of from 35 to 50 cfm is usually sufficient for these enclo sures. The air locks needed with these hoods should be exhausted if they open directly to the room. Adequate quantities of makeup air must be furnished by mechanical supply systems and intelligently dis tributed with relation to exhaust points. Supply air distribution must be arranged to provide general air flow from clean areas toward more contaminated areas. Filtration of supply air is necessary to reduce air-borne dust concentrations, thus prolonging the life of ultrahigb efficiency exhaust filters. The use of prefilters in laboratory type hoods for radioactive materials prevents contamination of the ex haust piping. A gauge should be installed indicating pressure drop across the filter, so that the filter will be replaced when pressure drop exceeds design value. Filtration of room supply air will prolong the life of ultra high efficiency hood exhaust filters. Where there is a possibility of spontaneous or continuous release of toxic materials, or where several hoods are connected to a single exhaust system the exhaust fan should be operated continuously. Standby fan capacity should be available for breakdowns. 986 PRO MT-PWHD-004522 4-12 HOOD TYPE INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION DESCRIPTION COEFFICENT OF ENTRY LOSS ENTRY, Ce i & PLAIN OPENING p' FLANGED OPENING 0.72 0.82 0.93 VP 0.49 VP * TAPER or CONE HOOD Varies with ongie of toper or cone. See Fig. 6-/0 k Y BELL MOUTH INLET 0.98 0.04 VP &-^4 ID ORIFICE /T\ e )=i-- TYPICAL GRINDING HOOD j Fig. 4-8 See Fig. 6-/0 STRAIGHT TAKE-OFF 0.78 0.65 VP TAPERED TAKE-OFF 0.85 0.40 VP ) I I I I I * \ i ) ! ) I I I i I J I MT-PWHD-004523 HOOD DESIGN DATA 4-13 Paint dip Good LOCATION Solvent vopors in health hozard concentrations ore not appreciably heavier than air Exhaust from the floor usually gives fire protection only. Example: Density of air Density of tOO% any! acetate vapor Density lowest explosive mixture __________ Density T.L.V. mixture_____________ 1.0 4.49 /. 038 /. 0003 1,000 cfm needed 4,000 cfm needed LOCA TION Ptoce hood os dose to the source of contaminant as possible. The required volume varies with the square of the distance from the source. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PRINCIPLES OF EXHAUST HOODS DATE 1-64 j Fig. 4-9 Jfl! -13 MT-PWH D-004524 4-14 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION ENCLOSE Enclose the operation as much as possible. The more completely enclosed the source, the less air required for control DIRECTION OF AIR FL OW Locate the hood so the contaminant is removed away from the breathing zone of the worker. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS ! } PRINCIPLES OF EXHAUST HOODS DATE 1-64 | Fig. 4-Jo Educed JM -33 MT-PWHD-004525 HOOD DESIGN DATA 4-15 Locate and shape the hood so the original velocity of the contaminant will throw if into the hood opening. 50-tOO t,'pm capture velocity (or cfm/sq. ft. tank \-------- surfoce). Plating tank Plating tank Good basis Poor basis CAPTURE VELOCITY OR PROPER VOLUME Create air flaw post the source sufficient to copture the con/ominont (see tables). Many arbitrary standards include this; others do not. Proper standards are usually on: fpm copture basis at source, cfm per sq. ft. of source hosts. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PRINCIPLES OF EXHAUST HOODS nDATE T~64 Fig. 4-II produce' MT-PWHD-004526 4-16 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Slot velocity 2000fpm DISTRIBUTION BY SLOT RESISTANCE DISTRIBUTION BY FISH TAIL. t I ) I r i t ! \ f t i * } 500 x L DISTRIBUTION BY SPLITTER VANES With low plenum velocities and high slot velocities, good distribution is obtained. If this design is not possible, splitter vanes should be used. Slots over 10 feet to 12 feet in length usually need multiple take-offs. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS I PRINCIPLES OF MANIFOLD DESIGN DATE /-ro Fig. 4-/2 ft&fcuCED JM - 83 i 1 MT-PWHD-004527 HOOD DESIGN DATA 4-17 -ELD goto DISTRIBUTION BY BAFFLES See Fig. 4~!6 LONG BOOTHS - DISTRIBUTION BY MULTIPLE TAKE-OFFS and TAPERS BOOTH-TYPE HOODS (Same principle oppiy to canopy type) DISTRIBUTION BY SPLITTER VANES DISTRIBUTION BY SLOT (or baffles) DISTRIBUTION BY TAPER SIDE-DRAFT S SUSPENDED HOODS AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PRINCIPLES OF MANIFOLD DESIGN DATE proiMed JM-83 MT-PWHD-004528 4-18 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION FREELY SUSPENDED HOOD Q = dOXZ+A)V Refer to Section 4 LARGE HOOD Large hood, X small-- measure X perpendicular to hood foce, not less than 2X from hood edge. HOOD ON BENCH OR FLOOR HOOD WITH WIDE FLANGE Q=0.7S(t0Xz+A)V Q = 0.75 (!0XZ* A)V SUSPENDED HOODS (Small side-draft hoods) Q- Required exhaust volume, cfm X- Distance from hood face to farthest point of contaminant release, feet. A- Hood face area, sq ft V- Capture velocity, fpm, at distance X. Note: Air volume must increase as the square of distance of the source from the hood. Baffling by flanging or by placing on bench, floor, ect. has a beneficial effect. CANOPY HOOD 0= 1.4 PDV(P=perimeter of tank, feet) Not recommeded if material is toxic and workers must bend over source. V ranges from 5C to 500 fpm depending on crossdrafts. Side curtains on two or three sides to create a semi- booth or booth are desirable. Suitable for steam vapor or other innocuous material. ---------------------------- ;------------------------------------------- -- AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS HOOD DESIGN DATA ! ! i i i i I l i I I t tt \ PR00U6BB " - 83 * i 1 MT-PWHD-004529 HOOD DESIGN DATA 4-19 [ Source FREELY SUSPENDED SLOT 0=3.7LVX SLOT ON TABLE OR BENCH 0 - 2.8 LVX 0= Required exhaust volume, cfm X- Distance, feet, hood face to farthest point of source (usually on centerline of hood) V=Copture velocity, fpm, at distance X L =Length, feet, of hood, slot, fab/e, tank, etc W= Width, feet, of table, tank, etc FLANGED SLOT Q=CLW *~W--1 Tank Tank SLOT ON TANK Q= CLW One-half Q in each slot if slots on both sides Flange W Tank FLANGED SLOT 0=CLW L-Length of slot, feet W= Width of table or tank, feet C - Constant, varies from 50 to 500, usual choice is 150 to 250. Flanged slots require lowest exhaust. See Section 5 AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS HOOD DESIGN DATA DATE 7-66 | Fig. 4-15 PROD JM -83 MT-PWHD-004530 4-20 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION --Source far from grite. Q=(!OX*+A)V Simitar to booth CO Similar to suspended hood DOWNDRAFT HOODS Notrecommended for hot or heat-producing operations ifdowndraft area is targe, see "Capture Velocity" in this Section. i i I i ) ITv---- Vl \\ / 1 s' AA f/ ' \'** ___ -- ---s s1 BOOTH - TYPE HOODS 0- AV (A-face orea. sq. ft.; V=face velocity, fpm). Baffles are optionalTor air distribution; not requiredifa water wattbooth or ifother means for distribution is provided. S varies from 4 inches to 8 inches, depending on size of booth. T varies from 6 inches to !2 inches, depending on size of booth. Increase the number ofpanels with size ofbooth. For booths 3 feet by 3 feet and smaller, provide one pane! 6 inches larger than fan diameter. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS HOOD DESIGN DATA date 7^64 I Fig. 4-/6 l > \ fi&DUCED JM - 83 . MT-PWHD-004531 HOOD DESIGN DATA 4-21 Quantity of air exhausted, Qg - tOO to 150 cfm /sq. ft. of tank area, depending on temp erature of liquid, cross drafts, ogitation, etc. Hood height should be, H=D x ton. 10. - 0J8D Quantity of air supplied\ 0>-ohr where;D - length of throw, feet E : entrainment factor. Throw length, D,feef 0-8 8 -16 16 -24 over 24 Entrainment factor, E 2.0 1.4 t.O 0.7 Slot width W should be designed for a velocity of IOOO to 2000 fpm. Design such systems so they can be easily modified or adjusted to obtain desired results. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS HOOD DESIGN DATA DATE t-64 Fig. 4-17 996 produced "-83 MT-PWH D-004532 PRODUCED " - 83 MT-PWH D-004533 Section 5 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS The following illustrations of hoods for specific operations are intended as guides for design purposes and apply to usual or typical operations. In most cases they are taken from designs used in actual installations of successful local exhaust ventilation systems. All conditions of operation cannot be categorized and be cause of special conditions, l.e., cross drafts, motion, differences in temperature or use of other means of contaminant suppression, modifications may be in order. Unless it is specifically stated, the design data are not to be applied indiscriminately to materials of high toxicity, i.e., beryllium and radioactive materials. Thus the designer may require higher or lower air vol umes or velocities or other modifications because of the peculiarities of the process in order to adequately control the air contaminant. Group Index to Prints Operation Print No. Page No. 1. Foundry 2. High Toxicity Materials 3. Material Handling Abrasive Blasting VS-101 Core Grinder Melting Furnace Crucible, Non-Tilt Electric Rocking Electric, Top Electrode Tilting Mixer and Muller Hood VS-102 VS-103 VS-104 VS-105 VS-106 VS-107 Mixer and Muller Ventilation VS-108 Pouring Station VS-109 Shakeout VS-110 VS-111 VS-112 Tumbling Mills VS-113 Shell Core Molding VS-114 Core Making Machine; Small Roll-over Type VS-115 Crucible Furnace VS-201 Dry Box VS-202 Laboratory Hood VS-203 Laboratory Hood Data VS-204 Perchloric Acid Hood Data VS-205 Specialized Laboratory Hood Designs VS-206 Lathe Metal Shears Milling Machine VS-207 VS-208 VS-209 Bag Filling Bag Tube Packer VS-301 VS-302 5-1 5-4 5-5 5-6 5-7 5-8 5-9 5-10 5-11 5-12 5-13 5-14 5-15 5-16 5-17 5-18 5-19 5-20 5-21 5-22 5-23 5-24 5-25 5-26 5-27 5-28 5-29 produce 998 jM-83 MT-PWHD-004534 5-2 Group 4. Metal Working 5. Open Surface Tanks 6. Painting 7. Wood Working INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Operation Print No. Barrel Filling Bln and Hopper Bucket Elevator Conveyor Belt Screens Belt Wiper Abrasive Cutoff Saw Buffing and Polishing Belts Backstand Idler Metal Polishing Wheels Automatic Circular Automatic Straight Line Manual Grinding Disc Horizontal Double-Spindle Horizontal Single-Spindle Vertical Spindle Wheel Grinder Wheel Hood Speeds Below 6500 sfm Grinder Wheel Hood Speeds Above 6500 sfm Portable Grinding Bench Portable Grinding Table Swing Grinder Metal Spraying Welding (Arc) Surface Grinder Metal Cutting Bandsaw Degreasing - Solvent Dip Tank Open Surface Tanks Table Slot Hood Open Surface Tank Data Auto Spray Booth Drying Oven Spray Booth, Large Small Trailer Interior Large Drive-through Spray Paint Booth Jointer Sanders Belt Disc Drum-Multiple Single VS-303 VS-304 VS-305 VS-306 VS-307 VS-308 VS-401 VS-402 VS-403 VS-404 VS-405 VS-406 VS-407 VS-408 VS-409 VS-410 VS-411 VS-411.1 VS-412 VS-413 VS-414 VS-415 VS-416 VS-417 VS-418 VS-501 VS-502 VS-503 VS-504 VS-505 VS-601 VS-602 VS-603 VS-604 VS-605 VS-606 VS-701 VS-702 VS-703 VS-704 VS-705 Page No. 5-30 5-31 5-32 . 5-33 5-34 5-35 5-36 5-37 5-38 5-39 5-40 5-41 5-42 5-43 5-44 5-45 5-46 5-47 5-48 5-49 5-50 5-51 5-52 5-53 5-54 5-55 5-56 5-57 5-58 5-59 5-60 to 5-66 5-67 5-68 5-69 5-70 5-71 5-72 5-73 5-74 5-75 5-76 5-77 ) t t | t I t i ! I 1 I 1 t 1 I PROVED JM - 83 MT-PWHD-004535 Group 8. Low-Volume High-Velocity 9. Miscellaneous SPECIFIC OPERATIONS Operation Print No. Saws Band Swing Table Radial Miscellaneous Data Data Cone Wheels Cup Wheels & Brushes Pneumatic Chisel Radial Grinders Disc Sander Vibratory Sander Typical System for Low Volume-High Velocity Banbury Mixer Calender Rolls Canopy Hood Die Casting Die Casting Hood--Overhead Melting Pot Service Garages--Overhead Underfloor Granite Cutting & Finishing Kitchen Range Kitchen Range and Data Dishwasher Charcoal Broiler and Barbeque Pistol Range (indoor) Fluidized Beds Torch Cutting Clean Room Air Flow Clean Room Air Flow Data Cold Heading Machine Ventilation Grain Industry Data Miscellaneous Data VS-706 VS-707 VS-708 VS-709 Table 5-7-1 VS-801 VS-802 VS-803 VS-804 VS-805 VS-806 VS-807 VS-901, VS-902 VS-903 VS-904 VS-905 VS-906 VS-907 VS-908 VS-909 VS-910 VS-911 VS-912 VS-913 VS-914 VS-915 VS-916 VS-917 VS-918 VS-919 Table 5-9-1 Table 5-9-2 5-3 Page No. 5-78 5-79 5-80 5-81 5-82 to 5-83 5-84 to 5-85 5-86 5-87 5-88 5-89 5-90 5-91 5-92 5-93 5-94 5-95 5-96 5-97 5-98 5-99 5-100 5-101 5-102 5-103 5-104 5-105 5-106 5-107 5-108 5-109 5-110 5-111 5-112 5-113 to 5-114 1000 PRODUCED JM-83 MT-PWH D-004536 5-4 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION ) I Floor grille. ^X i SECTION THRU TYPICAL ROOM Rooms: 60-100 fpm downdraft; usual choice 80 fpmor IOO fpm cross draft. Operator in room requires Bureau of Mines approved abrasive blasting helmets. Rotary tobies: 200 cfm /sq ft of total openings (taken without curtains). Cabinets: 20 air changes per minute. At least 500 fpm inward velocity at all operating openings. Openings to be baffled. Entry loss: I VP; or calculate from individual losses. For small cabinets: Use rear plenum or trop to settle. Trop loss: 1.5 VP t I t I jf I i 1 I AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS ABRASIVE BLASTING VENT!LA TION DATE 1-64 VS-101 ! PRdtffl&D JM - 83 MT-PWH D-004537 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-5 i i ft Disc diameter Duct diameter cfm up to 20n 6" 900 over20"to3(f 8" 1600 over30*to 53" 12" 3500 over5?to 7? 16" 6300 \ Minimum duct velocity - 4500 fpm branch 3500 fpm main Minimum slot velocity * 2000fpm t Entry loss - 1.0 slot velocity pressure plus 0.40 duct VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS CORE GRINDER DATE 1-64...... | VS-102 f 4 1002 PRODUCED JM - 83 MT-PWHD-004538 5-6 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION I ) 0 =200scfm/$q ft of opening including doors, plus products of combustion * Entry loss - 0.5VP. Duct velocity - 1000 3500 fpm * * * Correct for temperature. ** For horizontal runs, transport velocity is necessary. NOTE: Same principle of sliding or swing ing doors is applied to individual furnace enclosures. Exhaust stack Fireproof drop panel from roof. Canopy to dear crone; or slot for crane bridge, or separate cranes inside ond outside, or manual crucible removal. i i I 1 i i i Q =200 cfm /sq ft of total opening, minimum. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS MELTING FURNACE CRUCIBLE NON-TILT DATE I-64 VS-103 i I 1003 PRODUCED ` - 83 MT-PWHD-004539 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-7 0- 400 cfm/ft of opening Duct velocity = 1000-3500fpm* Entry foss= 1.78 VP slot * 0.25VP duct * For horizontal runs, transport velocity is necessary AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS ELECTRIC ROCKING FURNACE datI 1-64 | VS-104 PRODUCED JM - 83 MT-PWH D-004540 5-8 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION I I l I 1 i i i * i i % i j MT-PWHD-004541 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-9 0 - 200 LW;bu1 not less than 200$cfm/sq ft ofat!openings with doors open * Entry loss -0.25 VP Duct velocity - IOOO -3500 fpm** *Correct for temperature and combustion products. **for horizontal runs, transport velocity is necessary. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS MELTING FURNACE - TILTING date. . . . 1-64 . . . . I VS-106 PRODUCE#306 JM-83 MT-PWHD-004542 5-10 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION To prevent condensation, insulation or strip heaters may be necessary or use dilution fitting pq -ytv; Hood behind skip between-- rails. 0- 250 LW cfm >- Slots *c'T /D/ // > // it *{*-Baffle Muller i ? I I Opening for skip --v. ! loading I 0- 150 cfm/sq ft through alt openings but not less than: Mixer diam, feet Exhaust, cfm 4 750 6 900 7 1050 8 1200 to J575 For Cooling Mullers, See VS-/08 Other types of mixers: enclose as much os possible and provide 150 cfm/sq ft of remaining openings When flammable solvents are used in mixer, calculate minimum exhaust volume for dilution to 25% of the L EL See Section 2 Duct velocity - 3500 fpm, min Entry lo$ss 0.25 VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS MIXER AND MULLER HOOD DATE f~72 VS-107 PROLkA&S7 JM -83 MT-PWHD-004543 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-11 Location Batch hopper Bond hopper Muller: 4` diameter 6'diameter 7`diameter B'diameter lO'diometer Minimum exhaust volume Mu/ler type No cooling Btow-thru cooling Note I 600 600 600 Note 2 750 900 Note9 3 1050 1200 1575 Draw-thru cooling Note / 600 Not0e 3 Duct velocity - 4500 fpm minimum Entry toss - 0.25 VP Notes: I. Batch hopper requires separate exhaust with blow-thru cooling. With other fan arrangement, (mu!tor under suction) separate exhaust may not be required. (If skip hoist is used, see VS -107) 2. Maintain 150 fpm velocity through all openings in mutter hood. Exhaust volume shown are the minimum to be used. 3. Cooling mailers do not require exhaust if maintained in dust tight condition. Blow-thru fan must be off during loading. If mu/ter is not dust tight, exhoust as in note 2 plus cooling air volume. 4. When ftommobto solvents are used in mixer, calculate minimum exhaust volume for dilution to 25% of the L EL See Section 2 AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS MIXER AND MULLER VENTILATION date i-66 | VS-108 PRODUCftP05 JM-83 MT-PWHD-004544 5-12 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Use top baffle when operations permit. -Wide flange Conveyor SMALL MOLDS Unflangedhood:0- 200 00X2+ hood (yea). Flanged hood, reduce 0 25% Duct velocity - 2000fpm Entry loss =0.25 VP (for slots, 178 slot VP+0.25 duct VP). l l ) I I I I I I I I I PARTIAL SIDE ENCLOSURE Use slots for distribution Slot velocity - 1500 - 2-3 ft. 2000 fpm note: for large molds and ladles provide large side -draft hood similar to shakeout. Q - 400cfm Aq ft working area. I ! I 0 = 200 - 300 cfm/lm ft of hood. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS POURING STATION DATE 1-64 | VS-109 I I I 1009 1 ! MT-PWH D-004545 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-13 PRODUftfft1' JM -83 MT-PWHD-004546 5-14 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION DOUBLE SIDE-DRAFT Proportions some os single side -draft hood except for overhang. f j 1 I t i I ) l I I Slots sized for 1500 - 2000 fpm Duct velocity -4000fpm minimum Size D for 1000 fpm or less. Entry loss -178 slot VP plus fittings For coo/ castings only Difficult to prevent plugging or excess fines removal See VS-1/2 AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS FOUNDRY SHAKEOUT date [-64 | [VS-/// produced 101 j/M -83 i MT-PWHD-004547 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-15 Shakeout exhaust, minimum* Type of hood Hot castings Coot castings Enclosing * * 200 cfm/sq ft opening 200cfm/sq ft opening At least 200 cfm/sq ft At least 150 cfm/sq ft grate area grate area Enclosed two sides and 1/3 top area ** 300cfm/sq ft grate area 275cfm/sq ft grate area Side hood(as shown or 400-500cfm/sq ft grate 350-400cfm/sq ft grate equivalent)** area area Double side hood ** Downdraft *"** 400cfm/sq ft grate area 300cfm/sq ft grate area Not recommended 200-250cfm/sq ft grate 600cfm/sq ft grate area area * Choose higher values when (1) Castings are quite hot (2) Sand to metal ratio is low (3) Cross-drafts are high **Shakeout hoppers require exhaust with 10% of the total exhaust volume. ***Grate area must be greater than flask area. If castings and sand completely cover grate, ventilation will not function. If feeder enclosure is over IO' long, exhaust also at hopper. See VS-305 and y VS-306 X End view Side view Hopper exhaust detail Elevator See VS-305 AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS FOUNDRY SHAKEOUT DATE 1-64 1 VS-1/2 PRODUCED MT-PWHD-004548 5-16 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Hinged access door SECTION THRU HOLLOW TRUNNION TUMBLER Duct velocity - 5000fpm Entry loss = 3.25"- 8.25" HgO (depends on design *) Air slot velocity 400 fpm minimum STAVE MILL (END SECTIONJ Duct velocity=3500fpm minimum Entry loss varies with take- off 0.25-0.50 VP Square mill side diam in. Up to 24 inci 25 - 30 31 - 36 37 - 42 43 - 48 49 -54 55 - 60 61 -66 67 -72 EXHAUST VOLUMES Round mill cfm** 1. D. in inches Trunnion Stave Up to 24 inch 24 - 30 430 680 800 900 31 - 36 37 - 42 980 1330 980 1330 43 - 48 49 - 54 1750 2200 1750 2200 55 - 60 61 - 66 67 - 72 2730 3300 3920 4600 2730 3300 3920 4600 * Low-loss designs have targe air inlet openings in end bell. Holes in end discs are sized for velocities of 1250-1800fpm ** For lengths over 70" increase cfm proportionately AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DATE TUMBLING MILLS 1-64 T vs-n3 1013PlIUDUooD ' JM-83 j MT-PWHD-004549 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-17 n 150 cfm/sq ft canopy - double unit Entry loss = 0.25 VP for tapered take-off Slotted side draft hoods required to remove smoke as hot cores emerge from machine. Capture velocity = 75 fpm minimum 0 s 75(IOx*+ hood area) Entry loss- 1.78 slot VP + 0.25 duct VP Conveyor or cooling area require ventilation for large cores. Scrop conveyor or tote boxes may require ventilation also. i 4 ut AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF E GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS t? SHELL CORE MOLDING DATE 1-72 VS-114 PRONGED JM-83 MT-PWHD-004550 5-18 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION MT-PWHD-004551 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-19 MT-PWHD-004552 5-20 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION i 1 1 I \ t i I I | 0= 50cfm/sq ft of open door area and 0.25"SP on a dosed system. Entry toss = 0.50 VP Duct velocity -2000- 4000 fpm Filters: l Inlet air fitters in doors. 2. Roughing filter at exhaust connection to hood. 3. Final air cleaning filter. AH facilities totally enclosedin hood. Exterior controls may be advisable. Arm length rubber gloves ore seated to glove port rings. Strippable plastic on interior and air cleaner on exhaust outlet may be used to facilitate decontamination of the system. Flter units may be installed in the doors to allow the air flow necessary for burners etc. For filters, see Section II AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DRY BOX OR GLOVE HOOD FOR HIGH TOXICITY Q RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS date !-66 I VS-802 I I I I I I I I I I lQlfRODUCED MT-PWHD-004553 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-21 ^-Exhaust duct Room dr by-pass into hood when sash is dosed. Airfoil jamb Moveable sash con have horiz. sliding panels Recessed bottom Airfoil sill Adjustable top slot Sash doses air inlet when raised Fixed center slot Rear baffle Adjustable bottom slot Outside air supply duct AIRFOIL HOOD Full width supply plenum Vertical full width perforated distribution plate in plenum Air turning vanes in plenum Supply slot Supply velocity 250-300fpm Side baffles - 6utnihimum Exhaust duct 0= 100-150 cfm/sq ft open door area Entry loss - 0.5 VP Duct velocity - IOOO - 2000 fpm COMPENSATING HOOD ~. Design sep^eicfiJficnattnionKs-. condltlons Toxic, corrosive substances- See VS-204 Perchloric acid - See VS -205 Maximum air supply volume = 5vo0l%umeexhaust AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS LABORATORY HOOD _ __ | VS-203 PRODUckft18 M-83 MT-PWHD-004554 5-22 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Exhaust volume 1. 100 cfm/sq ft of door area 2. 150 sfm/sq ft of door area 3.. Glove Box (Dry Box) preferred (Use bench hood with caution and only under ideal conditions) Nuisance, corrosive materials. Moderate toxicity materials. Tracer quantities of radioisotopes. High toxicity materials (TLV < lOppm; 0.1 mg/m3). Low MPC radioactive materials Very high toxicity materials. (Pathogenic microorganisms) B. Provide uniform exhaust air distribution in hood. Adjustable baffles and slots are acceptable, but subject to tampering. C. Locate hood away from heavy traffic aisles, doorways and supply grilles. D. Use corrosion resisting materials suitable for expected use. E. Locate exhaust fans outside of buildings. F. Avoid sharp corners at jambs and sill. Flanges and rounded hood inlets are desirable. G. Provide filters for radioactive materials in greater than `exempt' quantities. H. By-pass opening in hood is desirable to avoid excessive indraft under partially-closed sash and to simplify laboratory air flow balance. I. Installation and maintenance. Adjust air flow for + 20% variation in face velocity. Use suitable velocity measuring instrument. (See Section 9) Inspect hood periodically; monthly for new or critical installations. Quarterly or semi-annually for others. J. Provide tempered make-up air to laboratory. Make-up air volume to be selected for slight indraft of air from corridor or adjacent rooms. K. In order to reduce exhaust volumes, local exhaust hoods should be considered instead of laboratory bench hoods for fixed set-ups. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS LABORATORY HOOD DATA DATE 1-72 VS-204 1019 I \ I I i I I I I I i i t MT-PWH D-004555 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-23 i Perchloric Acid is extremely dangerous because it is a very strong oxidizer. When the acid reacts with organic material an explosive reaction product may be formed. 1. Do not use any other material in a hood designed specifically for perchloric acid. Do not use perchloric acid in a hood designed for other purposes. Identify Perchloric Acid hoods with large warning signs. 2. Provide exhaust ventilation equivalent to 150 cfm/sq ft of door opening. Q = 150 x front open area. i 3. Utilize local exhaust ventilation within the hood to minimize condensation of vapors inside the hood. 1 4. Locate all utility controls outside the hood. 5. Materials of construction for this type of hood and ductwork must be non reactive, acid resistant and relatively impervious. Stainless steel, type 316 i with welded joints, is preferred. Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride or an in organic ceramic coating such as porcelain are acceptable. 6. Ease of cleanliness is paramount using all welded construction for stainless steel with accessible rounded corners. 7. The work surface should be water tight with a minimum of 1/2" dished front and sides and an integral trough at the rear to collect the washdown water. 8. Design washdown facilities into the hood and ductwork. Use daily or more often to thoroughly clean perchloric acid from the exhaust system surfaces. 9. Each perchloric acid hood should have an individual exhaust system. Avoid horizontal runs, and sharp turns. i 10. Construct the hood and ductwork to allow easy visual inspection of hidden surfaces. I 11. Use a higji efficiency (greater than 80%) wet collector constructed for per chloric acid service. Locate as close to the hood as possible to minimize the accumulation of perchloric acid in the exhaust duct. 1 12. Use only an acid resistant metallic fan, a mettalic fan protected by an inor ganic coating or an air ejector. I 13. Lubricate the fan with a fluorocarbon type grease. 14. Locate the fan outside of the building. x 15. The exhaust discharge must terminate out-of-doors preferably using a vertical discharge cap which extends well above the roof eddy zone. See figures 6-23 n and 8-3. t AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PERCHLORIC ACID HOOD DATA DATE 1-72 | VS-205 i MT-PWHD-004556 5-24 Strip heaters built into bench INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Plenum size for tOOOfpm down flow Holes or slots size for 2000fpm rm nnn Height to suit glassware i ) i EVAPORATION BENCH Q- 20 cfm/lineal foot of hood or 50HL Duct velocity = 2000 fpm Entry toss - L78 slot VP *0.25 duct VP I i 1 I Reference 95 I s I } EVAPORATION HOOD Q~ 20 cfm/lineal foot of shelf or 50 HL for eoch shelf Duct velocity - 2000fpm Entry loss - L78 slot VP * 0.25 duct VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS SPECIALIZED LABORATORY HOOD DESIGNS DATE 1-68 1 VS-206 proW&Ie I I I i i I i JI - S3 ! MT-PWHD-004557 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-25 .1 AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS } LATHE HOOD HIGH TOXICITY MATERIALS date t-68 ..... 1 VS-207 *1*4 pRODUCEli022 JM-83 MT-PWHD-004558 5-26 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION MT-PWHD-004559 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-27 JM-83 MT-PWH D-004560 5-28 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION t ] I I i i 1 1 I 1 f I 0 - 400- 500 cfm - non-toxic dust iOOO-1500 cfm - toxic dust Duct velocity = 3500 fpm minimum Entry toss r 0.25 VP i \ i I I i AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DATE BAG FILLING 1-64 | VS-301 1 I i I I i I MT-PWHD-004561 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS A 5-29 0 = 500 cfm/filling tube - 500 cfm at Feed Hopper - 950 cfm at Spit! Hopper Duct velocity - 3500 fpm minimum Branch entry loss = 0.25 VP (A 8 C) = iOO VP ot open end (B) AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS BAG TUBE PACKER DATE t-64 1 VS-302 ~ PRODUCED J0& MT-PWH D-004562 5-30 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 0 - IOO cfm/sq ft barrel top min Duct velocity- 3500minimum Entry loss - 025 VP * 1.78 slot VP Monuo! loading. Q-150 cfm/sq ft open face area Duct velocity - 3500 fpm minimum Entry loss - 0.25 VP for 45 toper Feed spout 4"min dio Flex duct Exhaust duct 45 0-50 cfm * drum dio (ft) for weighted lid 150 cfm x drum dio (ft) for hose lid Duct velocity = 3500 fpm minimum Entry loss - 0.25 VP 0 = 300-400 cfm Duct velocity x 3500fpm min Entry loss - 025 VP I I 1 } I I i i I I i I I I I I AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS BARREL FILLING DATE f-64 VS-303 I i PRODUdffi ) i MT-PWHD-004563 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS Enclosed boding point.- V ; ' s/y ( \ Gbseorop--r .n s ^* _______ , 5-31 Duct velocity =3500fpm min 0=200cfm/sq ft of all open area. Entry loss -0.25 VP MECHANICAL LOADING' Locate remote from boding point.- -Booth b occomodote barrel, bag, etc.- Booth b cover os much ofhopper as possible. - Duct velocity - 3500 fpm minimum 0 -150 cfm/sq ft foce Entry loss - 0.25 VP MANUAL LOADING *8ELT SPEED VOLUME Less than 200 fpm - 350cfm/ft ofbelt width. Not less than 150 cfm/ft of opening. Over 200fpm - 500cfm/ft ofbelt width. Not less than200cfm/ft of opening. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS BIN a HOPPER VENTILATION DATE !-72 VS-304 PRODUCE^025 JM-83 MT-PWHD-004564 ' ! M M 5-32 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Alternate exhaust point Additional ventilation for hopper, bin, or screen See VS`304, VS-307 For cosing only 0 - IOO cfm/sq ft cosing cross section Duct velocity =3500fpm minimum Entry loss s 1.0 VP or calculate from individual losses Preferred exhaust point Take-off detail Tight casing Additional ventilation for \conveyor discharge Take -off at top for hot materials, at top ond bottom if elevator is over 30 ft high, otherwise optional. Belt speed Less than 200 fpm Over 200fpm Volume 350cfm/ft of belt width. Not less than 150 cfm/ft of opening 500cfm/ff ofbelt width. Not less than 200 cfm/ft of opening AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS BUCKET ELEVATOR VENTILATION DATE 1-66 VS-305 PRODUCED id!? 83 MT-PWHD-004565 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-33 / Conveyor transfer less than 3* fall. For greater fall provide additional exhaust at lower belt. See 3 below. 2. Conveyor to elevator with mognetic separator. DESIGN DATA Transferpoints: Enclose to provide 150-200 fpm indraft at all openings. Minimum 0-350cfm/ft belt width for belt speeds under 200 fpm - 500 cfm/ft belt width for belt speeds over 200 fpm and for mognetic separators Duct velocity =3500 fpm minimum Entry loss - 0.25VP Conveyor belts: 3. Chute to belt transfer and conveyor transfer greater than 3'fall. Use additional exhaust at () for dusty material as follows: Belt width 12"-36" 0=700 cbn above 36, Q=/OOOcfm Cover belt between transfer points Exhaust at transfer points Exhoust additional 350 cfm/ft of belt width at 30' intervals. Use 45* tapered connections Entry loss - 0.25 VP Note: Dry, very dusty materials may require exhaust volumes 1.5 to 2.0 times stated values. it AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF j 2"clearance for load on belt GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS Detail of belt opening CONVEYOR BELT VENTILATION !>!* date /-- 72 | VS-JOB , P?t>UCED 10 qJM - 83 i MT-PWHD-004566 5-34 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Feed PQ 45 min s/ope Flexible connection if desired Top lake-off preferred Complete enclosure Screen Oversize FLAT DECK SCREEN 0 =200 cfm/sq ft through hood openings, but not less than 50 cfm/sq ft screen area. No increase for multipie decks Duct velocity - 3500 fpm minimum Entry loss = 0.50 VP Complete enclosure Screen 45min slope Feed CYLINDRICAL SCREEN 0 - IOO cfm/sq ft circular cross section of screen; at least 400 cfm/sq ft of enclosure opening Duct velocity =3500 fpm minimum Entry loss - 0.50 VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS SCREENS DATE 1-64 VS-307 MT-PWHD-004567 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-35 Under side of belt 0- 200 cfm/ft of belt width Slot velocity - 2000 fpm Duct velocity - 4000 fpm minimum Not recommended for wet belts as in ore conveying. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS BELT WIPER DATi ~T66 I VS - 308 tRODUCtOl03 MT-PWH D-004568 5-36 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 0-250 cfm/sq ft of open foce area Duct velocity - 3500 fpm minimum Entry loss -0.50 VP no taper 0.25 VP with toper Stationary installation - Indoor and outdoor: Connect to exhaust system and dust collector Discharge outdoors Portable use- Indoor and outdoor: Use odequate unit collector and fan Outdoor only: Use odequate fan, discharge at least IO' above ground 1 | 1 | . I AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS ABRASIVE CUT-OFF SAW VENTILATION DATE 1-64 1 VS-401 10#SODUCED JM -83 MT-PWHD-004569 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS -Side opening should be minimum. 1/4" maximum is desirable. I C Cleanout 5-37 Belt width inches Exhaust volume cfm Good enclosure * Exhaust volume cfm Poor enclosure U/2 220 330 2 390 3 500 600 750 4 6K) 5 680 920 1300 6 1200 1600 * Hood as shown. No more than 25% of wheel exposed. Entry loss - 0.40 VP Duct velocity - 3500 fpm mimimum Note: For titanium ond magnesium eliminate hopper and use 5000 fpm through hood cross section. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS BACKSTAND IDLER POLISHING MACHINE "datI 1-64 | VS-402 MT-PWHD-004570 5-38 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION I Belt width, inches up to 3 3 to 5 5 to 7 7 to 9 9 to II II to 13 Exhaust volume, cfm 220 300 390 500 610 740 Minimum duct velocity -4500 fpm branch, 3500 fpm main. Entry toss - 0.65 velocity pressure for straight take-off. 0.45 velocity pressure for tapered take-off. I i t fK i ) I ! 1 I 1 AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS METAL POLISHING BELT date !-64 | VS-403 produced I 1 1 I ! MT-PWHD-004571 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-39 v'*' 0 = 500 cfm/wheel, minimum Not less than 250 cfm/sq ft total open area Duct velocity - 3500 fpm minimum Entry loss - 1.78 slot VP plus 025 duct VP Use ammeters to goge wheel pressures On small, 2 or 3 spindle machines, one take -off may be used Multiple take-offs desirable Provide automatic sprinklers or other fire protection. Consult Fire ana Insurance Codes AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS CIRCULAR AUTOMATIC BUFFING DATE 1-64 I VS ~ 404 PRODUCER 03 6 JM - W MT-PWHD-004572 '<'731 i 5-40 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION t I I 0 - 500 cfm/wheef, minimum Not less than 250 cfm/sq ft total open oreo Duct velocity - 4500 fpm minimum Entry loss - L78 slot VP plus 0.25 duct VP Use ammeters to gage wheel pressures Wheel adjustments on outside of enclosure at the rear AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS STRAIGHT LINE AUTOMATIC BUFFING pate 1-68 I VS-405 t I MT-PWHD-004573 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-41 3500 fpm main. Entry toss :0.65 VP for straight take-off. 0.40 VP for tapered take-off. Wheel diam. inches to 9 over 9 to 16 over !6 to S over 19 to 24 over 24 to 30 over 30 to 36 Wheel width * inches 2 3 4 5 6 6 Exhaust volume cfm Good enclosure 300 500 610 740 1040 1175 Exhaust volume cfm Poor enclosure 400 670 800 uoo 1400 1800 * In coses of extra wide wheels, use wheel width to determine exhaust volume. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS BUFFING AND POLISHING datI 1-64 I VS-406 PRO00CED -83 MT-PWH D-004574 5-42 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION l ) I 1 I Wheel diom inches to 9 over 9 to 16 over 16to 19 over19 to 24 over24 to 30 over 30 to 36 Wheel width inches 2 3 4 5 6 6 Exhoust volume cfm 400 670 800 IIOO 1400 1800 Note: For wider wheels than listed\ increase cfm with width Duct velocity - 4500 fpm minimum Entry loss = 0.40 VP } i \ AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS SOFT WHEEL BUFFING LATHE date 1-64 1 VS-407 t ) i PS0B8CED - 83 MT-PWHD-004575 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-43 Work Disc diam. inches up to 19 over 19 to 25 over 25 to 30 over 30 to 53 over 53 to 72 Exhaust volume cfm 610 880 1200 1770 6280 Endless belt conveyor or any other method. Section A-A Note: Practically complete enclosure of discs with machine housing and exhaust from the housing is acceptable. Minimum duct velocity - 4500 fpm branch, 3500 fpm main. Entry loss s 0.65 velocity press ure for straight take-off - 0.45 velocity pressure for topered take-off. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS HORIZONTAL DOUBLE-SPINDLE DISC GRINDER DATE f~64 VS-408 lOiiPRODUCEQ - 83 MT-PWHD-004576 5-44 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Disc diam., inches Up to 12 over 12 to 19 over 19 to 30 over 30 to 36 Exhaust volume, cfm 220 390 610 880 Minimum duct velocity - 4500 fpm bronch, 3500 fpm main. Entry toss -0.65 VP for straight toke-off. - 0.45 VP for tapered take-Off. Note: If best practicalhoodis a poor enclosure, increase exhoust volume accordingly. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS HORIZONTAL SINGLE-SPINDLE DISC GRINDER date 1-64 | VS- 409 j { MT-PWHD-00457 / SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-45 Ring attached to hood at convenient locations \ y~Adjustable to * dear grinder Angle of slots to be in relation to rotation Disc diam, inches up to 20 1/2 or more of disc covered No* Exhaust, cfm 1 500 Disc not covered No* Exhaust, cfm 2 780 over 20 to 30 2 780 2 1480 over 30 to 53 2 1770 4 3530 over 53 to 72 2 3140 5 6010 * Number of exhaust outlets around periphery of hood} or equal distribution provided by other meons. Slot velocity = 2000 fpm Duct velocity - 4500 fpm minimum in branch 3500 fpm minimum in main Entry loss - 1.0slot VP * 0.5 bronch duct VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS VERTICAL SPINDLE DISC GRINDER DATE 1-64 VS-410 10^Roduco " OJ MT-PWHD-004578 5-46 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Wheel diam inches to 5 over 5 to 10 Wheel width inches I n/2 Good enclosure* 220 220 Poor enclosure 220 300 over 10 to 14 2 300 500 over14 to 16 2 390 610 over 16 to 20 3 500 740 over 20 to24 over 24 to 30 4 5 6/0 880 880 1200 over 30 to 36 6 1200 1570 * No more than 25% of wheel exposed. Minimum duct velocity - 4500fpm in branch 3500fpm in main Entry loss - 0.65 VP for straight takeoff 0.40 VP for tapered takeoff AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS GRINDER WHEEL HOOD SPEEDS BELOW 6500sfm date j-72 | VS-4II 1043 MT-PWHD-004579 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-47 EXHAUST VOLUME, CFM Wheel diam inches to 5 over 5 to 10 Wwihaefnel inches I H/2 Good enclosure * 220 390 Poor enclosure 390 6/0 over 10 to 14 2 500 740 over 14 to 16 2 610 880 over 16 to 20 3 740 1040 over 20 to24 over 24 to 30 4 5 880 1200 1200 1570 over 30 to 36 6 1570 1990 * Special hood and loot rest as shown. Minimum duct velocity - 4500fpm in branch 3500 fpm in main Entry loss- 0.65 VP for straight takeoff 0.40 VP for tapered takeoff . AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS GRINDER WHEEL HOOD SPEEDS ABOVE 6500$fm date 1-72 | VS-4/1.1 PRODUCED!04 4 M -83 MT-PWHD-004580 5-48 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION i 0 -150-250 cfm/sq ft of bench area. Minimum duct velocity - 3500fpm Entry loss - 0.25 VP for tapered take-off. Grinding in booth, lOOfpm face velocity also suitable. For downdraft grilles in floor: Q - IOOcfm/sq ft of working area. Provide equal distribution. Provide for cleanout. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PORTABLE HAND GRINDING DATE j-64 | VS-412. I I I I ) i i MT-PWHD-004581 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-49 2/3 of ductwidth Opening to be sized to handle 3/4 of total air at IOOO fpm IK-Baffle plate Opening to be sized to handle 1/4 of total air at 200fpm Sliding gate 0=150 cfm/sq ft of hood face Duct velocity = 3500 fpm Entry loss = 0.25 VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PORTABLE CHIPPING AND GRINDING TABLE date 1-66 | VS-4/3 ;j MT-PWHD-004582 5-50 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION i ) I I I 1 Minimum duct velocity =3000fpm Entry loss - 0.5 VP NOTE: Small local exhoust hoods mounted behind grinder wheel may trap the stream ofsparks, but ore usually not effective in control of air-borne dust. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS SWING GRINDER DATE 1-64 VS-414 MT-PWHD-004583 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-51 Dud velocity - 3000 fpm minimum Entry loss - 1.78 slot VP + 0.25 duct VP Small lathe, etc., maybe mounted in booth ?un (on too/ post) Flex duetto allow movement full length of work [ Hood extends as low as possible to dear lathe rail. Hood may be LOCAL HOOD connected to move with too! rest. Note: Local hood not satisfactory for spraying toxic metals. O - 200 cfm/sq ft face openings Duct velocity - 3500fpm minimum Entry loss = 0.25 VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS METAL SPRAYING DATE 1-64 | VS-415 PRODUCED1048 JIH - S3 MT-PWHD-004584 -52 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION r'Oi 459 slope min -Slots-size for 1000 fpm Baffles are desirable Maximum plenum velocity 1/2 slot velocity 0 - 350cfm/HneaJ ft of hood Hood length - required working space Bench width = 24"maximum Duct velocity - 1000-3000fpm Entry loss =1.78 slot VP *0.25 duct VP PORTABLE EXHAUST X, inches cfm 6 250 9 400 12 IOOO Face velocity=1500 fpm Duct veiocity - 3000fpm minimum Entry loss - 0.25 duct VP Also see "Granite Cutting"VS-909 GENERAL VENTILATION, where local exhaust cannot be used: Rod. diam cfm/welder* 5/32 IOOO 3/16 1500 1/4 3500 3/8 4500 * For toxic materials higher airflows are necessary 5 OTHER TYPES OF HOODS ooth: 0=100 cfm/sq ft of face opening AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS "Spray Painting" VS-603, VS-604 I "Meta! Spraying"VS-4/5 SOLDERING AND ARC WELDING DATE t-70 VS-416 1049 83 MT-PWHD-004585 **-1 ' 7es/ section Veiometer exhaustjet in test section -pr- *- Test section Hooted thermocouple probe in test section j-0-/5 or more A if stand is used i Bracket Test section Large air meter in test section Keep test section entrance dear of obstructions and free of drafts AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS CALIBRATION DATE /- 70 I Fig. 9-/3 MT-PWH D-00458R SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-53 MT-PWHD-004587 5-54 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION I l I \ Q, booth *225 cfm/sq ft open area 0, bottom - 350 cfm Duct velocity3 4000fpm Entry loss - t.75 VP in riser (point A) i AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS METAL CUTTING BANDSAW DATE 1-70 | j/s- 418 i IOoPODUCED JM-83 MT-PWHD-004588 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS No slot near lake -off 5-55 Section A-A 0= 50LW Slot velocity = tOOO fpm maximum Entry loss =178 slot VP * 0.25 duct VP Duct velocity=2500-3000 fpm Also provide: i Separate flue for combustion products ifdirect -fired unit. 2. For cleaning operation, an air-line respirator is necessary. 3. For pit units, the pit should be mechanically ventilated. NOTE: Provide downdraft grille for parts that cannot be removed dry; 0=50 cfm /sq ft grille area. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS SOLVENT DEGREASING TANKS DATE 1-70 VS-501 105%. MT-PWH D-004589 5-56 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Locate takeoffs 15 on center Q- 50 cfm/sqft drain board area, but not tess than /OOfpm indraft through openings Entry toss =0.25 duct VP Duct velocity- 1000-3000fpm rQ For best results enclose drainboard as a drying tunnel To suit work 1000 fpm maximum plenum velocity 0= 125 cfm/sq ft of tank and drainboard area Sbt velocity - 2000 fpm Entry loss -178 slot VP * 0.25 duct VP Duct velocity - / OOO -3000fpm NOTE: For details on drying oven, See VS-602 For air drying in a room or enclosure, see Section 2 for dilution ventilation required. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS For construction and safety requirements consult American Insurance Association DATE DIP TANK 1-70 VS-502 MT-PWHD-004590 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-57 Plenum acts as flange 12"min ---------------------------------- t| Tank - L/ Jl "7 m^t Shi sized for 2000fpm 7 A. UPWARD PLENUM Praorrntia!iccoovveers aoadvisaob/le iitf ----- possible --on any type talky ~H 'r+2S B. DOWNWARD PLENUM C. CENTRAL SLOT Section A-A AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS OPEN SURFACE TANKS DATE 1-64 VS-503 105 *00i MT-PWHD-004591 5-58 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Work gives off vapors after removal from tank. D. PICKLING TANK Section To extend over tank as far as possible Tank E SEMI-LATERAL !2 mm Max. plenum velocity- !/2 slot velocity jV2 mm Inside radius desirable if space permits Slot velocity 2000 fpm F. END TAKE-OFF AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS OPEN SURFACE TANKS DATE 1-66 VS-504 MT-PWHD-004592 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-59 Ii 0 = 50-/00 cfm/sq ft of table top. Duct velocity - 2500- 3000 fpm Entry loss - /. 78 slot VP * 0.25 duct VP Note: See "Open Surface Tonks', VS-503 and VS-504 for other suitable slot types. Air quantities may be calculated on dilution basis if data is available. Maximum plenum velocity - 1/2 slot velocity. Large plenum essential for good distribution. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DATE TABLE SLOT 1-70 VS-505 MT-PWHD-004593 5-60 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION OPEN SURFACE TANK DESIGN DATA (107) A. Duct velocity = 3000 fpm minimum. B. Entry loss = 1.78 slot VP plus duct entry loss. C. Maximum plenum velocity = g slot velocity. See Section 4. D. Slot velocity = 2000 fpm unless distribution provided by well-designed, tapered takeoff. E. Provide ample area at small end of plenum. F. If L = 6 feet or greater, multiple takeoffs are desirable. If L = 10 feet or greater, multiple takeoffs are necessary. G. Tank width (W) means the effective width over which the hood must pull air to operate (i.e., where the hood face is set back from the edge of the tank, this set back must be added in measuring tank width). If W = 20 inches, slot on one side suitable. If W - 20 to 36 inches, slots on both sides are desirable. If W = 36 to 48 inches, slots on both sides are necessary unless all otherconditions areoptimum. If W = 48 inches or greater, local exhaust is not usually practical. Enclosure isbest.(Also see Push-Pull, Figure 4-17.) w It is not practicable to ventilate across the long dimension of a tank whose ratio -=- exceeds 2.0. JLj desirable to do so when w exceeds 1.0. i. It is un- H. Liquid level to be at least 6 inches below bottom of slot. I. Hood types A, C, D and E are preferred--plenum acts as baffle to room air currents. J. Provide enclosures or removable covers on tank if possible. K. Provide ductwork with cleanouts and drains and corrosion-resistant coating if necessary. Use flexible connection at fan inlet. L. Install baffles to reduce crossdrafts. If impossible, increase control velocity by vector analysis. Baffle is a vertical plate the same length as tank and with top of plate as high as tank is wide. If exhaust hood is on side of tank against a building wall or close to it, it is perfectly baffled. Volume Calculation for Good Conditions (No crossdrafts, adequate and well-distributed makeup air): 1. Determine hazard potential from Table 5-5-1 using information from Threshold Limit Value, Solvent Flash Point or Solvent Drying Time Tables* (pps 13-1 to 13-11) or Table 5-5-6. 2. Determine contaminant evolution rate from Table 5-5-2 employing number denoting highest range (see Table 5-5-6). 3. From Table 5-5-3 choose minimum control velocity according to hazard potential, evolution rate and hood design (see Table 5-5-5 for typical processes). 4. From Table 5-5-4 select the cfm/sq ft for tank dimensions and tank location. 5. Multiply tank area by value obtained from Table 5-5-4 to calculate required air volume. Example Problem: Given: Chrome Plating Tank 6' x 2.5'. High production decorative chrome. Free standing in room. No cross drafts. a. Tank Hood. See VS-503. Use hood A" along 6' side. Hood acts as baffle. W = 2.5' L = 6.0' W/L = 0.42 * Dry Time Relation Below 5 Fast 5-15 Medium 15-75 Slow 75 over - Nil i I 1 . | I ' j | I j ] ' | | . j j i 1 : i J ) 1Q5S MT-PWHD-004594 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS b. Component - Chromic Acid Hazard potential: A (From Table 5-5-1; From Appendix: TLV = 0.1 mg/m3 Flash point = Negligible) Rate of Evolution: 1 (From Table 5-5-2; From Table 5-5-6; Gassing rate = high) Class: A-l Control Velocity = 150 fpm (From Table 5-5-3) Minimum Exhaust Rate = 225 cfm/ft3 (From Table 5-5-4; Baffled tank, ^ = 0.42) Ld Minimum Exhaust Volume = 225 x 15 sq ft = 3375 cfm c. Hood Design Design slot velocity = 2000 fpm Slot Area _ Q V _ 3375 cfm 2000 fpm 1.69 sq ft. Slot Width = = L - = 0.28 ft = 3.375 in. O It Plenum depth = (2) (slot width) = (2) (3.375) = 6.75" Duct area = y = 2500 fpm = 1-35 ** ft` Use 16 in' duct' area = 1,3S s9 ft" Final duct velocity = 5 = ^331| = 2420 fpm Hood SP = Entry loss + Acceleration = 1.78 VPs + 0.25 VPd. + 1.a0 VP . (see Section 4) = (1.78 x 0.25") + (0.25 x 0.37") + 0.37" = 0.45 + 0.09 + 0.37 Hood SP = 0.91" 5-61 HAZARD POTENTIAL A B C D TABLE 5-5-1-DETERMINATION OF HAZARD POTENTIAL HYGIENIC STANDARDS Gas and Vapor (See Appendix) Mist (See Appendix) 0-10 ppm 11-100 ppm 101-500 ppm Over 500 ppm 0-.1 mg/M3 .11-1.0 mg/M3 1.1-10 mg/M3 Over 10 mg/M FLASH POINT (See Appendix) -- Under 100 F 100-200 F Over 200 F TABLE 5-5-2-DETERMINATION OF RATE OF GAS, VAPOR OR MIST EVOLUTION Rate Liquid Temperature of Degrees Below Boiling Point Relative Evaporation (Time for lOO'i' Evaporation) Gassing 1 Over 200 0-20 Fast (0-3 hours) High 2 150-200 21-50 Medium (3-12 hours) Medium 3 94-149 51-100 Slow (12-50 hours) Low 4 Under 94 Over 100 Nil (Over 50 hours) Nil 1059 PR0DUCEU JM-83 MT-PWH D-004595 5-62 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION TABLE 5-5-3-MINIMUM CONTROL VELOCITY (FPM) FOR UNDISTURBED LOCATIONS Class (See Tables 5-5-1 and 5-5-2) Enclosing Hood One Open Sides Two Open Sides Lateral Exhaust (See VS-503-504) (Note 1) Canopy Hoods (See Fig. 4-14 & VS-903) Three Open Sides Four Open Sides A-l, and A-2 (Note 2) 100 150 150 Do not use Do not use A-3 (Note 2), B-l, B-2 and C-l 75 100 100 125 175 B-3, C-2, and D-l (Note 3) 65 90 75 100 150 A-4 (Note 2), C-3, and D-2 (Note 3) 50 75 50 75 125 B-4, C-4, D-3 (Note 3), and D-4 ADEQUATE GENERAL ROOM VENTILATION REQUIRED (See Sec. 2) Notes: 1. Use aspect ratio to determine air volume, see Table 5-5-4 for computation. 2. Do not use canopy hood for Hazard Potential A processes. 3. Where complete control of hot water is desired, design as next highest class. TABLE 5-5-4-MINIMUM RATE, CFM PER SQUARE FOOT OF TANK AREA FOR LATERAL EXHAUST Required Minimum Control Velocity, fpm (From Table 5-5-3) Cfm per sq ft to maintain required minimum control velocities at following tank width /w\ tank length \L/ ra 10S' 0.0-0.09 0.1-0.24 0.25-0.49 0.5-0.99 1.0-2.0 Hood along one side or two parallel sides of tank* when one hood is against a wall or baffle. Also for a manifold along tank centerline.* 50 50 60 75 90 100 75 75 90 110 130 150 100 100 125 150 175 200 150 150 190 225 260 300 Hood Along one side or two parallel sides of free standing tank not against wall or baffle 50 75 90 100 110 125 75 110 130 150 170 190 100 150 175 200 225 250 150 225 260 300 340 375 Use -wy as tank width in computing when manifold is along centerline or two parallel sides of tank. MT-PWHD-004596 'i + ' a* SPECIFIC OPERATIONS TABLE 5-5-5 Typical Processes MINIMUM CONTROL VELOCITY (fpm) FOR UNDISTURBED LOCATIONS Operation Contaminant Hazard Contaminant Evolution Lateral Exhaust Control Velocity See VS-503-504 Anodizing Alum. Chromic-Sulf. Acids Alum. Bright Dip Nitric-fSulf. Acids Nitric+Phosphoric Acids Plating - Chromium Chromic Acid Copper Strike Cyanide Mist Metal Cleaning (Boiling) Alkaline Mist Hot Water (If Vent Desired) Not Boiling Water Vapor Boiling Stripping - Copper Alkaline-Cyanide Mists Nickel Nitrogen Oxide Gases Pickling - Steel Hydrochloric Acid Sulfuric Acid Salt Solution (Bonderizing & Parkerizing) Not Boiling Water Vapor Boiling Salt Baths (Molten) Alkaline Mist A A A A C C D D C A A B D D C 1 150 1 150 1 150 1 150 2 75 1 100 2 50* 1 75* 2 75 1 150 2 150 1 100 2 50* 1 75* 1 100 `Where complete control of water vapor is desired, design as next highest class. 5-63 Collector Recommended X X X X X X X X X X X TABLE 5-5-6--AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS RELEASED BY METALUC SURFACE TREATMENT, ETCHING, PICKLING, ACID DIPPING AND METAL CLEANING OPERATIONS Process Surface Treatment . Typ Anodizing Aluminum Anodizing Aluminum Black Magic Bonderizing Chemical Coloring Descaling Ebonol Galvanic-Anodize Hard Coating Aluminum Hard Coating Aluminum Jetal Magcote Magnesium Pre-Dye Dip Parkerizing Zincete Immersion Notes 1 2 3 4 1 5 Component of Bath which May be Released to Atmosphere (13) Physical and Chemical Nature of Major Atmospheric Contaminant Chromic-Sulfuric Acids Sulfunc Acid Cone- Sol. Alkaline Oxidizing Agents Boiling Water Chromic Acid Mist Sulfuric Acid Mist Alkaline Mist, Steam Steam None Nitric-Sulfuric, Hydrofluoric Acids Cone. Sol- Alkaline Oxidizing Agents Ammonium Hydroxide Chromic-Sulfuric Acids Sulfuric Acid Cone. Sol Alkaline Oxidizing Agents Sodium Hydroxide None Acid Mist. Hydrogen Fluoride Gas, Steam Alkaline Mist, Steam Ammonia Gas, Steam Chromic Acid Mist Sulfuric Acid Mist Alkaline Mist, Steam Alkaline Mist, Steam Ammonium HydroxideAmmonium Acetate Boiling Waler Ammonia Gas. Steam Steam None None Class (12) A-l B-l C-l D-2,1 (14,15) D-4 B-2,1 (15) C-l B-3 A-l B-l C-l C-3,2 (15) B-3 D-2,1 (14.15) D-4 UsuaJ Temp. Range-F 95 60- 80 260-350 140-212 70- 90 70-150 260-350 140 120-1B0 120-180 260-350 105-212 90-180 140-212 70- 90 produced MT-PWHD-004597 5-64 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION TABUS 5-5-8--CONTINUED Process Etching Type Aluminum Copper Copper Notes 6 7 Component at Bath which May be Released to Atmosphere (13) Physical and Chemical Nature of Major Atmospheric Contaminant Sodium Hydroxide-Soda AshTrisodium Phosphate Hydrochloric Acid None Alkaline Mitt, Steam Hydrogen Chloride Gas None Class (12) C-l A-2 D-4 Usual Temp. Range-F 160-180 70- 90 70 Pickling Aluminum Aluminum Aluminum Cast Iron Copper Copper Duralumin Inconel Inconel Iron and Steel Iron and Steel Magnesium Monel and Nickel Monel and Nickel Nickel Silver Silver Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Immunization Stainless Steel Passivation 8 9 9,10 9,10 Nitric Acid Chromic, SuUurie Acids Sodium Hydroxide Hydrofluoric-Nitric Acids Sulfuric Acid None Sodium Fluoride, Sulfuric Acid Nunc, Hydrofluoric Acids Sulfuric Add Hydrochloric Acid Sulfuric Acid Chromic-Sulfuric, Nitric Acids Hydrochloric Acid Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric Add Sodium Cyanide Nitric, Hydrofluoric Acids Hydrochloric Add Sulfuric Add Nitric Add Nitric Acid Nitrogen Oxide Gases Add Mists Alkaline Miet Hydrogen Fluoride-NUrogen Oxide Gaees Add Mid, Steam None Hydrogen Fluoride Gaa, Acid Mist Nitrogen Oxide, HF Gases, Steam Sulfuric Acid Mist, Steam Hydrogen Chloride Gas Sulfuric Acid Mist, Steam Nitrogen Oxide Gasee, Add Mist, Steam Hydrogen Chloride Gas, Steam Sulfuric Acid Mist, Steam Acid Mist, Steam Cyanide Mist, Steam Nitrogen Oxide, Hydrogen Fluoride Gases Hydrogen Chloride Gas Sulfuric Acid Mist, Steam Nitrogen Oxide Gaees Nitrogen Oxide Gases A-2 A-3 C-l A-2,1 (15) B-3,2 (15) D-4 A-3 A-l B-2 A-2 B-l A-2 A-2 B-l B-3,2 (15) C-3 A-2 A-2 B-l A-2 A-2 70- 90 140 140 70- 90 125-175 70-175 70 15U-165 160-180 70 70-175 70-160 180 160-190 70-140 70-210 125-180 130-140 180 70-120 70-120 Acid Dipping Aluminum Bright Dip Aluminum Bright Dip Cadmium Bnght Dip Copper Bright Dip Copper Semi-Bright Dip Copper Alloys Bright Dip Copper Matte Dip Magnesium Dip Magnesium Dip Monel Dip Nickel and Nickel Alloys Dip Silver Dip Silver Dip Zinc and Zinc Alloys Dip Phosphoric, Nitric Acids Nitric, Sulfuric Acids None Nitric, Sulfuric Adds Sulfuric Add Nitric, Sulfuric Adds Nitric, Sulfuric Acids Chromic Acid Nitric, Sulfuric Acids Nitric, Sulfuric Acids Nitric, Sulfuric Acids Nitric Acid Sulfuric Acid Chromic, Hydrochloric Acids Nitrogen Oxide Gases Nitrogen Oxide Gases, Add Mist None Nitrogen Oxide Gases, Add Mist Acid Mist Nitrogen Oxide Gases, Acid Mist Nitrogen Oxide Gaaea, Add Mist Acid Mist, Steam Nitrogen Oxide Gases, Aeld Mist Nitrogen Oxide Gases, Add Mist Nitrogen Oxide Gases, Acid Mist Nitrogen Oxide Gases Sulfunc Acid Mist Hydrogen Chloride Gas (If HCl attacks Zn) A-l A-2,1 (15) D-4 A-2,1 (15) B-2 A-2,1 (15) A-2,1 (15) A-2 A-2,1 (15) A-2,1 (15) A-2,1 (15) A-l B-2 A-4,3 (15) 200 70- 90 70 70- 90 70 70- 90 70- 90 190-212 70- 90 70- 90 70- 90 70- 90 70- 90 70- 90 Metal Cleaning Alkaline Cleaning Degreaatng Emulsion Cleaning Emulsion Cleaning 11 Alkaline Sodium Salts Alkaline Mist, Steam C-2,1 (15) Trichloroethylene- Trichloroethylene-Per B (16) Per-chloroethylene chioroethylene Vapors Petroleum-Coal Tar Petroleum-Coal Tar Vapors B-3,2 Solvents (15) Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Chlorinated Hydrocarbon (17) Vapors 160-210 188-250 70-140 70-140 Notes: 1 Also Aluminum Sea!, Magnesium Seat, 3 On Magnesium 8 Sodium Dichromate. Sulfuric Acid Bath and Ferrous Magnesium Dye Set, Dyeing Anodized 4 Also Manodyz, Dow-12 Sulfate, Sulfuric Acid Bath Magnesium, Magnesium Alkaline Dichromate 5 On Aluminum 9 Scale Removal Soak, Coloring Anodized Aluminum 6 Dull Finish 10 Scale Loosening 2 Stainless Steel before Electropolishing 7 Ferric Chloride Bath 11 Soak and Electrocleaning 12 Class as described in Section 2 for use in Table 3 based on hazard potential (Table 1) and rate of evolution (Table 2} for usual operating conditions- Higher temperatures, agitation or other conditions may result in a higher rate of evolution. 13 Hydrogen gas also released by many of these operations. 14 Rate where essentially complete control of steam is required- Otherwise, adequate dilution ventilation may be sufficient. 15 The higher rate is associated with the higher value in the temperature range- 16 For vapor degreasers, rate is determined by operating procedure. Refer to Table 2, Note 2, for explanation. For other degreasing operations rate of vapor evolution is 1 for trichloroethylene, 2 for perchloroethylene- 1? Class of operation is determined by nature of the hydrocarbon- Refer to Appendix A. i I 106 MT-PWHD-004598 I j f i * I 1 ' *.i? r SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-65 TABLE 5-5-7--AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS RELEASED BY ELECTROPOLISHING, ELECTROPLATING AND ELECTROLESS PLATING OPERATIONS Process ElectroPolishing Type Aluminum Brass, Bronze Copper Iron Monel Nickel Stainless Steel Steel Notes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Component of Bath which may be Riysical and Chemical Nature of Released to Atmosphere (19) Major Atmospheric Contaminant Class (18) Sulfuric, Hydrofluoric Acids Phosphoric Actd Wioephoric Acid Sulfuric, Hydrochloric, Per- chloric Acids Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric, Hydrofluoric, Chromic Acids Sulfuric, Hydrochloric, Per- chloric Acids Acid Mist, Hydrogen Fluoride Gas, Steam Acid Mist Acid Mist Acid Mist, Hydrogen Chloride Gas, Steam Acid Mist, Steam Acid Mist, Steam Acid Mist, Hydrogen Fluoride Gas, Steam Acid Mist, Hydrogen Chloride Gas, Steam A-2 B-3 B-3 A-2 8-2 8-2 A-2,1 (20) A-2 Usual Temp. Range-F 140-200 58 58 55-175 85-150 65-160 70-300 66-175 Strike Solutions Copper Silver Wood's Nickel Cyanide Salts Cyanide Salts Nickel Chloride. Hvdrochlorir Acid Cyanide Mist Cyanide Mist Hvdroeen Chloride Gas, Chloride Mist C-2 C-2 A-2 70- 90 70- 90 70- 90 Electroless Plating Copper Nickel Formaldehyde 2 Ammonium Hydroxide Formaldehyde Gas Ammonia Gas A-l B-l 75 190 Electroplating Alkaline Platinum Tin Zinc Ammonium Phosphate, Ammonia Gas Sodium Stannate 3 None Ammonia Gas Tin Salt Mist, Steam None a-2 C-3 D-4 159-203 140-170 170-180 Electroplating Fluoborate Cadmium Copper Indium Lead Lead-Tin Alloy Nickel Tin Zinc Fluoborate Salts Copper Fluoborate Fluoborate Salts Lead Fluoborate-Fluoboric Acid Lead Fluoborate- Fluoboric Acid Nickel Fluoborate Stannous Fluoborate, Fluoboric Acid Fluoborate Salts Fluoborate Mist, Steam Fluoborate Mist, Steam Fluoborate Mist, Steam Fluoborate Mist, Hydrogen Fluoride Gas Fluoborate Mist Fluoborate Mist Fluoborate Mist Fluoborate Mist, Steam C-3,2 (20) C-3,2 (20) C-3,2 (20) A-3 C-3,2 (20) C-3,2 (20) C-3,2 (20) C-3,2 (20) 70-170 70-170 70-170 70- 90 70-100 100-170 70-100 70-170 Electroplating Cyanide Brass, Bronze Bright Zinc Cadmium Copper Copper Gold Indium Silver Tin-Zinc Alloy White Alloy Zinc 4, 5 5 5 5, 6 S, 7 5 5 5 5 5, 8 5, 9 Cyanide Saits, Ammonium Hydroxide Cyanide Salts, Sodium Hydroxide None None Cyanide Salts, Sodium Hydroxide Cyanide Salts Cyanide Salts, Sodium Hydroxide None Cyanide Salts, Potassium Hydroxide Cyanide Salts, Sodium Stannate Cyanide Salts, Sodium Hydroxide Cyanide Mist, Ammonia Gas Cyanide, Alkaline Mists None None Cyanide, Alkaline Mists, Steam Cyanide Mist, Steam Cyanide, Alkaline Mists None Cyanide, Alkaline Mists, Steam Cyanide, Alkaline Mists Cyanide, Alkaline Mists B-4,3 (20) C-3 D-4 D-4 C-2 C-4,3 (20) C-3 D-4 C-3,2 (20) C-3 C-3,2 (7) 60-100 70-120 70-100 70-160 110-160 75-214 70-120 72-120 120-140 120-150 70-120 Electroplating Acid Chromium Copper Gold Indium Indium Iron Iron Nickel Nickel and Black Nickel Nickel Nickel Palladium Rhodium Tin Tin Zinc Zinc 10 11 12 13,14 12 3 12,15 9,12 13,14 15 12,17 12 12 Chromic Acid Copper Sulfate, Sulfuric Acid Cyanide Salts None Sulfamic Acid, Sulfamate Salts Chloride Salts, Hydrochloric Acid None Ammonium Fluoride, Hydro- fluoric Acid None Nickel Sulfate Nickel Sulfamate None None Tin Halide None Zinc Chloride None Chromic Acid Mist Sulfuric Acid Mist Cyanide Mist None Sulfamate Mist Hydrochloric Acid Mist, Steam None Hydrofluoric Acid Mist None Nickel Sulfate Mist Sulfamate Mist None None Halide Mist None Zinc Chloride Mist None A-l B-4,3 (20.21) C-3,2 (20) D-4 C-3 A-2 D-4 A-3 C-4 (22) B-2 C-3 D-4 D-4 C-2 D-4 B-3 D-4 90-140 75-120 70-160 70-120 70- 90 190-210 70-120 102 70-150 70- 90 75-160 70-120 70-120 70- 90 70-120 75-120 70-120 Notes: 1 Arsine may be produced due to the presence of arsenic in the metal or polishing bath. 2 Alkaline Bath 3 On Magnesium 4 Also Copper-Cadmium Bronze 5 HCN gas may be evolved due to the acidic action of CO2 in the air at the surface of the bath. 6 Conventional Cyanide Bath 7 Except Conventional Cyanide Bath 8 Albaloy, Spekwhite, Bonwhite (Alloys of Copper, Tin, Zinc) 9 Using Insoluble Anodes 10 Over 90 F 11 Mild Organic Acid Bath 12 Sulfate Bath 13 Su Hamate Bath 14 Air Agitated 15 Chloride Bath 16 Nttrite Bath 17 Phosphate Bath 18 Class as described in Section 2 for use in Table 3 based on hazard potential (Table 1) and rate of evolution (Table 2) for usual operating conditions. Higher temperatures, agitation, high current density or other conditions may result m a higher rate of evolution. 19 Hydrogen gas also released by many of these operations. 20 The higher rate is associated with the higher value in the temperature range. 21 Baths operated at a temperature of over 140 F with a current density of over 45 amps per square foot and with air agitation will have a higher rate of evolution. 22 Local exhaust ventilation may be desired to control steam and water vapor. 1 PRODUCED1063 JM-83 MT-PWHD-004599 5-66 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION TABLE 5-5-8--AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS RELEASED BY STRIPPING OPERATIONS Coating to be Stripped Base Metal (Footnote) Component of Bath which may be released to Atmosphere (f) Physical and Chemical Nature of Major Atmospheric Contaminant Class (e) Usual Temp. Range-F Anodised Coatings 1,7 Chromic Acid Add Mist, Steam A-2 120-200 Black Oxide Coatings 14 Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen Chloride Gas A-S.1 it) 70-125 Brass and Bronze Cadmium 8,14 8,14 2,4,14 (a) Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Cyanide Alkaline, Cyanide Mists (a) Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Cyanide Alkaline, Cyanide Mists Hydrochloric Acid Acid Mist, Hydrogen Chloride Gas C-1,2 it) C-2,2 it) A-2,2 it) 70- 90 70- 90 70- 90 Chromium 7,8,14 2,4,8,14 2,4,8,18 (a) (a) Sodium Hydroxide Hydrochloric Acid Sulfuric Acid Alkaline Mist, Steam Hydrogen Chloride Gas Acid Mist C-3 A-2 B-2 70-150 70-125 70- 90 Copper 8,14 Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Cyanide Alkaline, Cyanide Mists 7,12,14 (b) None None 14 (a) Alkaline Cyanide Cyanide Mist 1 Nitric Acid Nitrogen Oxide Gases 18 (a) Sodium Hydroxide-Sodium Sulfide Alkaline Mist, Steam C-3,2 (g) D-4 C-3,1 (g) A-l C-2 70- 90 70- 90 70-160 70-120 185-195 Gold 4,5,8,8,8,14 (a) 4,5,18 (a) Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Cyanide Alkaline, Cyanide Mists Sulfuric Acid Acid Mist C-3,2 (g) B-3,2 (g) 70- 90 70-100 Lead 13 (c) Acetic Acid, Hydrogen Peroxide Oxygen Mist 14 (a),(c) Sodium Hydroxide Alkaline Mist, Steam D-3 C-3,2 (g) 70- 90 70-140 Nickel 2,4 2,4 (a) 2,4,14 (a) 7 14 <a),(d) 1,18,19 (a) Sulfuric, Mitric Acids Hydrochloric Acid Sulfuric Acid Hydrofluoric Acid Fuming Nitric Acid Hot Water Sulfuric Acid Nitrogen Oxide Gases Hydrogen Chloride Gas Acid Mist Hydrogen Fluoride Gas Nitrogen Oxide Gases Steam Acid Mist, Steam A-2,1 <g) A-3 B-3 A-J.2 (g) A-l D-2 (h) B-3,2 (g) 70- 90 70- 90 70- 90 70- 90 70- 90 200 70-150 Phosphate Coatings 15 16 Chromic Acid Ammonium Hydroxide Acid Mist, Steam Ammonia Gas A-3 B-3,2 (g) 165 70- to Rhodium 10 Sulfuric, Hydrochloric Acids Acid Mist, Hydrogen Chloride Gas A-3,2 (g) 70-100 Silver 1 2,11 8,14 17 Nitric Acid Nitrogen Oxide Gases Sulfuric, Nitric Acids Nitrogen Oxide Gases,.Steam (a) Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Cyanide Alkaline, Cyanide Mists (a) Sodium Cyanide Cyanide Mist A-l A-l C-3 C-3 70- to 180 70- to 70- 90 Tin 2,3,4 Ferric Chloride, Copper Sulfate, Acid Mist Acetic Acid B-4,3 (g) 70- 90 (a) Sodium Hydroxide Alkaline Mist C-3 70- to 2,4,14 Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen Chloride Gas A-3,2 (g) 70- to 14 (a) Sodium Hydroxide Alkaline Mist, Steam C-2 70-200 Zinc 1 8,14 Nitric Acid Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Nitrogen Oxide Gases Alkaline, Cyanide Mists A-l C-3 70- to 70- 90 Footnotes: Footnotes: 1. Aluminum 11. Nickel Stiver (a) Electrolytic Process 2. Brass 12. Non Ferrous Metals (b) Refers only to steel (14) when Chromic, Sulfuric Acids Bath is 3. Bronze 13. Silver used. 4. Copper 14. Steel (c) Also Lead Alloys 5. Copper Alloys 6. Ferrous Metals 15. Steel (Manganese Type Coatings) 16. Steel (Zinc Type Coatings) (d) Sodium Nitrate Bath (e) Class a6 described in Section 2 for use in Table 3 based on hazard 7. Magnesium 17. White Metal potential (Table 1} and rate of evolution (Table 2) for usual oper 8. Nickel 18. Zinc ating conditions. Higher temperatures, agitation or other condi 9. Nickel Alloys 19. Zinc Base Die Castings tions may result in a higher rate of evolution. 10. Nickel Plated Brass (f) Hydrogen gas also released by some of these operations. (g) The higher rate is associated with the higher value in the temperature range. (h) Rate where essentially complete control of steam is required. Otherwise, adequate dilution ventilation may be sufficient. I i i l I l i l l l l i i POOt/cfo ! 106 4*1-83 ! MT-PWHD-004600 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-67 Duct diameter equal to fan diameter. D! AM UtCW To fan and discharge (fan should have inspection door) 0-tOO cfm/sq ft of cross-section area Entry toss -0.50 VP plus resistance of each filter bank when dirty Duct velocity - IOOO-3000 fpm Air filters to be sized for 275 cfm/sq ft of filter Point filters: combustibility Cioss 2 or better size and number of filter for minimum area shown Typical filter installation For construction and safety t requirements consult American Insurance Association i AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS ______ AUTO SPRAY PAINT BOOTH date 1-70 I VS- 60! 1 produceI>065 JM - 83 MT-PWHD-004601 5-68 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION SLOT TYPE 0 - IOO cfm/sq ft door plus 1/2 products of combustion Entry loss - 1.0 slot VP plus 0.25 duct VP Duct velocity -1000-3000 fpm Size plenum for 500fpm maximum Slot on three sides size for IOOO fpm Locate on inside or outside of door. ) I i CANOPY TYPE 0 - 200 cfm/sq ft ofhood foce plus 1/2 products of combustion Entry loss * 0.25 VP Duct velocity- 1000-3000 fpm Note: For dryers, include volume of water vapor liberated. For flammable solvent drying refer to Section 2, "Dilution Ventilation for Fire and Explosions". Note: Hoods at each end of oven. Reduce size of doors as much as possible. Separate vent must be added for products of combustion. For construction and safety requirements consult American Insurance Association AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DRYING OVEN VENTILATION date i-70 1 VS-602 i ! I MT-PWHD-004602 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS *-D J A" 5-69 *-c- ^O, W l p 1 1 / Split Baffle or filters 2. Angular Baffle B =0.75 0 Baffle or fitter area = 0.75 WH =0*6" Baffle area = 0.40 WH Filter combustibility Class 2 or better. Consult AtA or insurance underwriters DESIGN DATA Any combination of duct connections and baffles may be used. Large, deep booths do not reqtJre baffles. Consult monufoctures for water-curtain designs. Use explosion proof fixtures and non-sparking fan. Electrostatic spray booth requires automatic high-volfoge disconnects for conveyor failure, fan failure or grounding. Walk-in booth Operator outside booth W= work size * 6' H=work size * J'(minimum-?) C - work size * 6' W- work size * 2\ H= work size * 2 Cs 0.75x larger front dimension 0 s IOOcfm/sq ft booth cross section Q- IOO ml50 cfm/sq ft of open area, May be 75cfm/sq ft for very including conveyor openings. forge, deep, booth. Operator may Note: Baffle arrangements shown are require approved respirator. Entry loss - Baffles: 1.78 slot VP * 0.50 duct VP air distribution only. Fitters and/or other air cleaning devices may be required to meet air pollution ~ Filters: dirty filter resistance codes or local conditions. *0.50 duct VP Duct velocity - /OOO3000 fpm For construction and safety AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS requirements consult American Insurance Association LARGE PAINT BOOTH date 1-72 | VS-603 MT-PWHD-004603 5-70 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION i I I ] i i i I /. Solid Baffle B= 0.750 Baffle area-0.60WH 2. Angular Baffle B*D+6" Baffle area~0.60WH 3. Split Baffle or Filters BSD * 6" Baffles or filters-0.75WH Filter combustibility Class 2 or better. Consult NBFU or insurance underwriters. Design data-- Any combination of branch ducts and baffles may be used. W- work size * 12" H- work size *12" C s0.75 WorH, whichever is larger. Q = 200 cfm/sq ft (200WH) - for face area up to 4 sq ft - ISO cfm/sq ft -- for face orea over 4 sq ft Entry loss - Baffles: 1.78 slot VP * 0.50 duct VP = Fitters: Dirty fitter resistance * 0.50 ductVP Duct velocity - IOOO- 3000 fpm Note: Baffle arrangements shown - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - :- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- are for air distribution only. Filters AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF and/or other air cleaning devices may be required to meet airpollution GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS codes or local conditions. For construction and safety SMALL PAINT BOOTH requirements consult American Insurance Association. DATE TJs I VS-604 1068 I \ ! l j i 1 I I I I I MT-PWHD-004604 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-71 0-50 cfm /sq ft ofcross - sectional trailer area Entry toss * 0.25 VP Duct velocity - IOOO - 3000fpm NOTE: Operator must wear on air-supplied respirator For construction and safety requirements consult American Insurance Association AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS TRAILER INTERIOR SPRAY PAINTING 1-70 T VS-605 MT-PWHD-004605 5-72 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION ) I Use vertical dischargeSee Fig. 8-3 i i (when WxH is greater than ISOsqft) Entry loss - 0.50 VP plus resistance of each filter bank when dirty Duct velocity - IOOO- 3000fpm Air filters: Size for 275cfm/sq ft of filters Paint fitters: Combustibility Class 2 or better, consult mfr for size and number Note: Fan interlock with make-air supply and compressed air to spray gun is desirable For construction and safety requirements consult American Insurance Association AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS LARGE DRIVE-THROUGH SPRAY PAINT BOOTH date 1-70 : I VS- 606 1070 ^ODUCED JM-83 MT-PWHD-004606 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-73 Knife length, inches Exhaust volume, cfm Up to 6 inrt. 350 over 6 to 12 incl over 12 to 20 incl. over 20 440 550 800 Duct velocity - 3500 fpm Entry loss = LO slot VP * 0.25 duct VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS JOINTERS DATE f-64 | VS-70t MT-PWHD-004607 5-74 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION i i t HORIZONTAL BELT SANDERS Belt width, Exhaust volume, cfm inches Head end Tail end Total Up to 6 incf 440 350 790 over 6 to 9 incf 550 350 900 over 9 to 14 inci BOO 440 1240 over 14 II00 550 1650 Duct velocity - 3500 fpm Entry losses = 0.40 VP for tapered take-off AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS HORIZONTAL BELT SANDERS date i-64 | VS-702 f i 172^%Z> v'Ss MT-PWHD-004608 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-75 Duct-B Duct- A Disc diameter, inches Total exhaust volume cfm Up to 12 incf. 350 over 12 to Id incl. 440 over 18 to 26 incl. 550 over 26 to 32 incl 700* over 32 to 38 ind. 900* over 38 to 48 inct. 1250** * Two bottom branches. * * One top and two bottom branches. Applies to duct A A A A-B A-B A-B-C Duct velocity - 3500 fpm Entry loss: Depends on hood design. 10 slot VP * 0.25 duct VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DISC SANDERS DATE f-64 VS-703 PRODUfffi3 JM - S3 MT-PWHD-004609 5-76 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION maintenance. Exhaust Volumes Drum length, inches Total exhaust for mochine cfm/drum* Up to 3l" 550 31" to 49" 785 49"to 67" UOO over 67 1400 Brush rolls 350 cfm at brush *One hood per drum is minimum Additional hood at feed side is desiroble Duct velocity - 3500 fpm Entry loss s 0.25 duct VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS MULTIPLE DRUM SANDER DATE 1-64 VS-704 ! i t \ i i MT-PWHD-004610 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-77 Drum surface, sq inches Exhaust volume, cfm Up to 200 incl. n (and less than IO"dia.) 350 over 200 to 400 incl. 550 over 400 to 700incl. over 700to1400incl 785 noo over1400to2400'mcl. 1400 Duct velocity - 3500 fpm Entry loss: Depends on hood design. 1.78 slot VP plus 0. 25 duct VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS SINGLE DRUM SANDER DATE T64 I VS- 705 PRODUCEi}'^'* MT-PWHD-004611 5-78 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION \^~Top hood TOP HOOD DETAIL Entire base enclosed on allsides Blade width, Exhaust volume, cfm inches Bottom Top Total Up to 2 over 2 to 3 over 3 to 4 over 4 to 6 over 6 to 8 350 350 550 550 550 350 550 800 /too 1400 700 900 1350 1650 1950 Duct velocity - 3500 fpm Entry loss - 1.75 VP in duct riser (Point A) AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS BAND SAW DATE i-66 | VS ~706 107& MT-PWHD-004612 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-79 1- FRONT VIEW OF HOOD -- --^ TYPE HOOD WHERE TABLE IS NOT CUT THRU TYPE HOOD WHERE TABLE IS CUT THRU Saw diameter, inches Up to 20 inci over 20 Exhaust volume, cfm 350 440 Duct velocity - 3500 fpm Entry loss - 1.78 slot VP +0.25 duct VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS SWING SAWS DATE 1-64 VS-707 0D(JCEq1077 "'83 MT-PWHD-004613 5-80 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Minimum velocity at this space 2000fpm minimum Table, rip, mitre and variety saws. Saw diameter, inches Exhaust volume, cfm Up to /6 incl. over 16 to24inci over 24 variety with dado 350 440 550 550 Duct velocity ~ 3500 fpm Entry toss = t.O slot VP * 0.25 duct VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS TABLE SAW DATE 1-68 VS-708 MT-PWHD-004614 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 500 cfm t 5-81 Duct velocity = 3500 fpm Entry losss 3.5 VP in duct riser (Point A) For booth enclosure, see VS-40! AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS RADiAL SAW date /-68 | VS-709 produced1079 - 83 MT-PWHD-004615 5-82 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION TABLE 5-7-1 MISCELLANEOUS WOODWORKING MACHINERY NOT GIVEN IN VS PRINTS The following list of recommended exhaust volumes are for average-sized woodworking machines and are based on many years of experience. It must be noted that some modern high speed or extra large machines will produce such a large volume of waste that greater exhaust volumes must be used. Similarly, some small machines of the home workshop or bench type may u: less exhaust air than listed. Self-feed Table Rip Saw Saw Diameter. Inches Up to 16 inclusive Over 16 Self-feed, not on table Exhaust Volume, cfm Bottom 440 550 800 Top 350 350 550 Total 790 900 1350 Gang Rip Saws: Saw Diameter, Inches Up to 24, inclusive Over 24 to 36, Incl. Over 36 to 48, Incl. Over 48 Exhaust Volume, cfm Bottom 550 800 1100 1400 Top 350 440 550 550 Total 900 1240 1650 2060 Vertical Belt Sanders (rear belt and both pulleys enclosed) and Top Run Horizontal Belt Sanders Belt width. Inches Up to 6, incl. Over 6 to 9, incl. Over 9 to 14, incl. Over 14 Exhaust Volume, cfm 440 550 800 1100 Swing Arm Sander: 440 cfm i l * \ i 1 t f Single Planers or Surfacers: Up to 20" knives Over 20" to 26" Over 26" to 32" Over 32" to 38" Over 38" knives knives knives knives Double Planers or Surfacers: Up to 20" knives Over 20" to 26" knives Over 26" to 32" knives Over 32" to 38" knives Over 38" knives Molders, Matchers & Sizers: Size, Inches Up to 7, incl Over 7 to 12, incl. Over 12 to 18, incl Over 18 to 24, incl. Over 24 Exhaust Volume, cfm 785 1100 1400 1765 2200 Exhaust Volume, cfm Bottom 550 785 1100 1400 1400 Top 785 1100 1400 1800 2200 Total 1335 1885 2500 3200 3600 I I ! I I Exhaust Volume, cfm Bottom 440 550 800 1100 1400 Top 550 800 1100 1400 1770 Right 350 440 550 800 1100 Left 350 440 550 800 1100 I V I JPftOQ, UC(Q 1080 S3 MT-PWHD-004616 PRODJf,',; Ji - MT-PWHD-004617 SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA FOR THE COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES WALTER C. RIGSBY, JOSEPH K. KLOSE and SHELDON H. MANNING, Plaintiffs, vs. JOHNS-MANVILLE, etc., et al., Defendants. No. C 151 947 I EXHIBIT HHH 2 of 2 EXHIBITS TO THE DEPOSITION OF SHELDON H. MANNING, VOLUME VI, taken Tuesday, March 6, 1979, at Los Angeles, California, before Lucia Moskal, CSR, a Notary Public. H-5 Reoorted by: Lucia Moskal, CSR 1222 N'O. LA ' i '79 RENDEL B. HUTCHINGS Certified Court Reporters LOS ANCTLf 9006 S 34 36 N. Fifuerc-* 223-11 Vi WEST LOS ANGELES 90049 654 N. Sepulveda 472-9578 SANTA ANA 92701 523 N. Grand 547-6169 ^SANiDi1E!< SDtJceD 233-6227 ' " A MT-PWHD-004618 Sash stickers: Woodshapers: Tenoner: Automatic lathe: Forming Lathe: Chain mortise: Dowel machine: Panel raiser: Dove-tail and lock corner: Pulley Pockets: Pulley stile: Glue jointer: Gainer: Router: Hogs: Up to 12 in. wide Over 12 in wide Floor sweep: (6 in. to 8 in. diam.) SPECIFIC OPERATIONS Exhaust Volume, cfm 550 440 to 1400 Same as moulder 800 to 5000 350 to 1400 350 350 to 800 550 550 to 800 550 550 800 350 to 1400 350 to 800 1400 3100 800 to 1400 5-83 MT-PWHD-004619 5-84 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION LOW VOLUME-HIGH VELOCITY EXHAUST SYSTEMS The low volume high velocity exhaust system is the unique application of exhaust which uses small vol umes of air at relatively high velocities to control dust from portable hand tools and machining operations. Control is achieved by exhausting the air directly at the point of dust generation using close-fitting, custommade hoods. Capture velocities are relatively high but the exhaust volume is low due to the small distance required. For flexibility, small diameter, light-weight plastic hoses are used with portable tools resulting in very high duct velocities. This method allows the application of local exhaust ventilation to portable tools which otherwise would require relatively large air volumes and large ductwork when controlled by conven tional exhaust methods. This technique has found a variety of applications althoigh its use is not common. Rock drilling dust has been controlled by using hollow core drill steel with suitable exhaust holes in the drill bits. Air is exhausted either by a multi-stage turbine of the size generally used in industrial vacuum cleaners or, in the case of one manufacturer (71), by the exhaust air from the pneumatic tool which operates a Venturi to withdraw air from the drill. Application has been made with flexible connections to a central vacuum system to aid in the con trol of graphite dust at conventional machining operations. One to two inch diameter flexible hose was used with simple exhaust hoods mounted directly at the cutting tool. In a similar application for the machining of beryllium (72), a central vacuum system using 1 1/2" I.D. flexible hoses was employed. The exhaust hoods were made of lucite or transparent material and were tailor-made to surround the cutting tools and much of the work. Exhaust volumes vary from 120 to 150 cfm with inlet velocities of 11,000 to 14,000 fpm. In another application (73), a portable orbital sanding machine has been fitted with a small exhaust duct sur rounding the edge of the plate. A fitting has been provided to connect this to the flexible hose of a standard domestic vacuum cleaner. VS-801 to VS-806, 802, 803 and 804 illustrate a custom-made line of exhaust hoods available (74). The re quired air volumes range from 8 cfm for pneumatic chisels to 300 cfm for swing grinders. (See Table 5-8-1) Due to the high entering velocities involved, static pressures are in the range of 5" mercury (68" water gauge). This high pressure is necessary to create the high capture velocities at the dust source to control the dust. TABLE 5-8-1. EXHAUST VOLUMES REQUIRED FOR LOW VOLUME-HIGH VELOCITY SYSTEM cfm I.D. Plastic Hose Size Pneumatic chisels Radial grinders Surface grinders Disc sander, 5-9 inch diameter Vibratory Sander Spindle grinding cone, 1-3 inch diameter Swing frame grinders Hand wire brushes Surface wire brushes Internal grinders, 1 1/2 inch diameter Internal grinders, 4 inches diameter 8- 60 10- 45 10- 50 10- 30 100-200 10- 40 250-300 25- 30 35 25 37.5 3/8"-1 1/2" 5/8"- 7-8" 5/8"-l 1/2" 5/8"-l 1/2" l"-2" 5/8"-l 1/2" 2" 5/8" 3/4" 5/8" 3/4" The dust is conveyed at high velocities in small diameter flexible hoses ranging from 3/8" to 2" I.D. The dust laden air is passed into primary and secondary cyclone collectors and through a fabric filtering unit (See Figure VS-807). Exhaust is provided by a multi-stage centrifugal turbine capable of producing static pressures of about 8" mercury (109" water) below atmospheric pressure. The fabric collector can be cleaned by a simple, manual valve which admits air into the clean side of the fabric bringing this side of the fabric to atmospheric pressure. Since the dirty side of the fabric is at a pressure far below atmospheric, this causes rapid air flow through the fabric and provides reverse cleaning. Design Calculations With the exception of the proprietary system mentioned, which can be purchased as a `package,' the design calculations for these systems are largely empirical. In normal ventilation practice, air is considered to be SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-85 incompressible since static pressures vary only slightly from atmospheric pressure. However, in these sys tems the extreme pressures required introduce problems of air density, compressibility and viscosity which are not easily solved. Also, pressure drop data for small diameter pipe, especially flexible tubing, is not commonly available. For practical purposes, the turbine exhauster should be selected for the maximum simultaneous cfm exhaust required. Resistance in the pipe should be kept as low as possible; flexible tubing of less than 1" to 1 1/2" diameter should be limited to 10 feet or less. In most applications this is not a severe problem. The main consideration in piping for such systems is to provide smooth internal configuration so as to re duce pressure loss at the high velocities involved, and to minimize abrasion. Ordinary sc rewed-fitting piping is to be avoided because the lip of the pipe or male fitting, being of smaller diameter than the female thread, presents a discontinuity which increases pressure loss and may be a point of rapid abrasion. If a screwed-fitting system is to be used, cast-iron drainage fittings and Schedule 40 pipe should be pro vided. Fittings of this type are recessed so that the I.D. of the pipe and fitting is the same. Tubing systems of 16 gauge wall thickness up to and including 4 inch diameter, and 14 gauge for 5 inch and above, provide for 10 per cent less pressure loss than a Schedule 40 piping system and offer a lower installed cost in most cases. Commercially available tube fittings and clamps may be used, or a slip-on flange system, so that in ternal discontinuities are eliminated. In all cases, long-sweep elbows and bends should be provided. For dust exhaust systems, a good collector should be mounted ahead of the exhauster to minimize erosion of the precision blades and subsequent loss in performance. Final balance of the system can be achieved by varying the length and diameters of the small flexible hoses. It must be emphasized that although data are empirical, these systems require the same careful design as the more conventional ones. Abrupt changes of direction, expansions and contractions must be avoided and care must always be taken to minimize pressure losses. MT-PWHD-004621 5-86 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION *S't 6"Hg-12"Hg Annular slot Cone wheel used for interna!grinding on costings and dies 0=10 to 40 cfm/inch dia Branch static pressure = 6"Hg to !2"Hg Slot velocity - 10,000 to 25,000 fpm Flexible hose = 5/8"to 11/2"ID Extension hose - Up to 8 ft long Grinding wheel sizes - l" to 3" dia f" to 4" long Peripheral speed - 6, OOO to 10,000 linear fpm AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS EXTRACTOR HEAD FOR CONE WHEELS AND MOUNTED POINTS DATE 1-72 T VS-80! 103^7%^ MT-PWHD-004622 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-87 ** I PRODUCED - 83 1085 MT-PWHD-004623 5-88 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION I ) 1 I ) i i ) I i I i I ^QBUCED 1086J . MT-PWHD-004624 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-89 Adjustable These extractor heads have been specifically designed for work done inside castings or in awkward places when radial wheels of small diameter are most suitable. The heads are narrower than the grinding wheels and can preceed the wheel when a groove is being ground. Q= 10-45 cfm/inch dia Branch static pressure =6"to 12?'Hg Slot velocity =10,000 to 25,000fpm Flexible hose = 5/8"to 7/8"ID Extension hose = Up to 8 ft long ' Peripheral dust captured Fme dust controlled Heavy particles Grinding wheel sizes = 8?dia x l*wide to 2"dia x1/2"wide Peripheral speed = 6,000 to 10,000 linear fpm AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS EXTRACTOR HEAD FOR SMALL RADIAL GRINDERS TDATE 1-72 VS-804 108? MT-PWHD-004625 5-90 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Bottom view of extractor hood 0=f0-J Branch Slot vet Flexible Extensi Sanding Periphet AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS EXTRACTOR HOOD FOR DISC SANDER DATE !-72 I VS-805 MT-PWHD-004626 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-91 This design is suitable for sanders running up to 15,000 cycles per minute 0 =100 to 200 cfm Branch static pressure = 6"to f2"Hg Slot velocity -10,000 to 25,000 fpm Flexible hose - T'to 2? ID Extension hose =Up to 8 ft long AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS EXTRACTOR TOOL FOR VIBRATORY SANDER DATE 1-72 VS-806 MT-PWH D-004627 5-92 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION System Notes Bell and socket, smooth-flow type tubing and fittings should be used throughout the system. When system will be used for vacuum cleaning of abrasive materials. Schedule No. 40 pipe and CJ. drainage fittings, or heavier, should be used in place o f tubing. To Atmosphere Bag Filter ( Primary Separator ' (36" dia) (Optional) ) i i i i i i > i ) (F= 2f/g" pc=3 CDCDIE^przs qul^ 2*8 21/8 ---------- U 7"-7200rpm Chipping 6"-!0,000rpm 6"xT, tOPOOrpm jj Disc sander hammer Cup stone grinder Wheel grimier ^2 fa Swing frame grinder AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS TYPICAL SYSTEM LOW VOLUME HIGH VELOCITY datI 1-72 I VS-807 I ! ) ) ) MT-PWHD-004628 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-93 0 - 200-300 cfm/sq ft open foce areo. 500 cfm/ft of belt width if belt feeder used. Duct velocity - 3500 fpm minimum. Entry loss -0.25 VP ot hood 1.0 VP at trunnion AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS BANBURY MIXER DATE 1-64 1 VS-901 Hr MT-PWHD-004629 (is * 5-94 Flange- INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION C * *1 Side baffles--\ * desirable \ brake o L Rolls w Better location of brake bar 0-125 cfm/sg ft hood area 025 WL) Duct velocity* l OOO-3000 fpm Entry loss - 0.25 duct VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS RUBBER CALENDER ROLLS DATE 1-70 1 i7sF 109? 8 8 E e E E C E E E E E E E ( C I MT-PWHD-004630 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-95 Not to be used where materia! is toxic and worker must bend over tank or process. Side curtains are necessary when extreme cross-drafts ore present 0 = I.4PHV 0 S(W+L)HV Q = WHV or LHV for open type canopy. P= perimeter of tankt feet. V - 50-500 fpm. See Section 4 for two sides enclosed W$ L are open sides of hood. V - 50-500 fpm. See Section 4 for three sides enclosed. (Booth) V- 50-500 fpm. See Section 4 Entry loss -. 25 duct VP Duct velocity = / OOO - 3000 fpm AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS CANOPY HOOD DATE 1-70 VS-903 produced "" --93 MT-PWHD-004631 5-96 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Flange type fitting for easy removal of hood (if necessary). Hinged baffle for preventing short circuiting of air. oo oo Note: Place hood os close to mochine os possible. If more than 4 inches from bock of mochine, hinged side baffles should be used. Note: Products of combustion require separate flue or may be vented into hood, 0-300WH Entry toss - 0.25 duct VP Duct velocity - 2500- 3000 fpm AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DIE CASTING HOOD DATE 1-70 VS-904 io3 MT-PWHD-004632 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-97 MT-PWHD-004633 5-98 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION ) t i i f I I \ MT-PWHD-004634 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-99 Weatherhood - See Fig. 8-3 3. Mainduct: Ptenum design best--size for 2000 fpm maximum or design as in Section 6 j- , 4t l*osf 5 Roof vTzrzmv.r?-^.>/.w?z/tJ.>/r//zmSMr//77r/77r///w/zs/w////s//s/;ssy/fw/s/rr;m'//z777m7M7777? f EZ Hose con be counterweighted __ __ L, 30-45*/ h 10-12 from floor Fon Flexible joint *-- AH joints soldered Floor For dual tailpipes Use one hose with "y" or Use two outlets per stall Vehicle horsepower cfm/vehide Up to 200hp too Flexible Branch duct diom connection 3" 4" Over 200 hp 200 4" 4" Diesel 400 4 !/2" 6" On dynamometer test rolls Automobiles and tight duty trucks - 2 x cfm above Heavy duty trucks = 1200 cfm minimum For friction loss of flexible duct; consult manufacturers data AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS SERVICE GARAGE VENTILATION OVERHEAD DATE 1-68 T VS-907 MT-PWHD-004635 5-100 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Note: In ventilating a garage use either the overhead or under floor system. Exhaust to be discharged above roof t Flex duct to tailpipe - Double or single floor plates suitable.Self- dosing floor plates desirable. To fan and discharge--v nhm/x roof ^ Along ceiling of floor below, or in trench. If in trench, drain tile with cementedjoints is suitable. Must be sloped and drained for flushing. Size main for2000fpmor less. Sump or dry well UNDER FLOOR SYSTEM EXHAUST REQUIREMENTS* Type Automobiles and trucks up to 200hp Automobiles and trucks over 200hp cfm perveNde too 200 Flex duct ID (min) 3" 4' * * Diesel 400 41/2" * On dynamometer test rolls Automobiles andlight duty trucks = 2 x cfm above Heavy duty trucks -1200 cfm minimum. **3"dia permissible for short runs with proper fan. For friction loss of flexible duct; consult manufacturers data. -- Dilution ventilation is necessary fa- cars in motion or idling outside of stalls. DILUTION RATES 5000 cfm/running automobile 10, OOO cfm (or more}/truck. IOO cfm/horsepower for diesel. For parking garages, see Table 5-9-2 Use adopters on dual exhausts and special tailpipes. D AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS SERVICE GARAGE VENTILATION UNDERFLOOR TDATE 1-70 VS-908 1098^^0 MT-PWHD-004636 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 4"ID. flex. duct (rubber) or metal duct with telescope joints 5-101 Section A-A 3'x 8"opening with 3"metal flange PNEUMATIC HAND TOOLS Q-540cfmt too! 10"max distance from hood. Resistance of unit - 8" wg at branch duct connection Minimum duct velocity * 4000 fpm Fixed section Chisel 6"rubber disc Screen Encircling attachment Note: Work may be done in a booth similar to spray booth; face velocity - 200 fpm See VS-101 Abrasive blasting to be done in a room or cobinet; 500fpm at all openings. See "Abrasive Blasting" VS-101 Removable pin SURFACING MACHINE HOOD Tool diam cfm Branch diom Up to 2-3/8" 500 2-3/8" to 2-7/8" 1000 Entry loss - 1.0 VP 4" 5-1/2' AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS GRANITE CUTTING AND FINISHING DATE 1-68 VS-909 83 MT-PWH D-004637 5-102 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION "te Ducts 6'on center r' for large hoods Cf5 ' T T L H-4'maximum ______t_______ Cooking equipment HOOD AGAINST WALL 0= 80 cfm/sq ft of hood area (80 WL) Not Iess than 50 cfm/sq ft of foce area (50PH) Duct velocity s 1000- 4000 fpm, to suit conditions Entry toss - 0.25%'lter resistance) * 0.50 duct VP Grease filters ~ See VS~9H P=perimeter of hood - 2W+L i 6" minimum overhang on all sides Drip pan Island cooking area ISLAND TYPE HOOD 0 s 125 cfm/sq ft of hood area (125 WL) Not less than 50 cfm/sq ft of face area (50 PH) Duct velocity- 1000-4000 fpm, to suit conditions Entry loss s0.25*tfitter resistance) + 0.50 duct VP Grease filters - See VS-9II 3L P=perimeter of hood = 2W+2L i i I AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS ) KITCHEN RANGE HOODS date 1-72 I VS-9/0 i I I Htoo, UC0 not S3 1 ! MT-PWHD-004638 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS Plenum Filters race or ends con be opened for filter removal / maximum set-back 5-103 Cooking equipment Filter mounting height See note 4 below. l 3 maximum Closed ends desirable LOW SIDE WALL HOOD 0=200 cfm/lineal ft of cooking surface (200L) Duct velocity s IOOO- 4000 fpm, to suit conditions Entry loss s 0.25"(fitters) * 0.25 duct VP NOTES FOR KITCHEN HOODS Filters: 1. Select practical filter size. 2. Determine number of fitters required from manufacturers data. (Usually: 2 cfm maximum exhaust for each sq in of filter area) 3. Install at 45- 60 to horizontal. Never horizontal. 4. Filter mounting height (Reference 66) a. No exposed cooking flame--2j 'minimum to lowest edge of filter. b. Charcoal and similar fires- - - - - 4j minimum to lowest edge of filter. c. Other exposed fires- - - - - - - - - - - - 3 j 'minimum to lowest edge of filter. 5. Shield fitters from direct radiant heat. 6. Provide removable grease drip pan. 7. Clean pan and filters regularly. Fan: I Use upb/ast discharge fan. Downb/ast is not recommended 2. Select fan for design Q and SP resistance of filters and ductwork. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS 3. Adjust fan specification for expected exhaust air KITCHEN RANGE HOOD temperature. DATE /- J2 VS-9H MT-PWHD-004639 5-104 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION - Pitch dud toward hood Ar=d-7 V H Dishwasher | ^ 2" CANOPY HOODS R=D Dishwasher 2 slot around hood U*" SLOT HOODS 0-150 cfm/sq ft of door area (150WH)- each end Duct velocity- 1000-3000fpm Entry loss - LOO slot VP + 0.25 duct VP Dishwasher Curtains inside vestibule EXHAUSTED VESTIBULES 0s 150 cfm/sq ft of entrance and exit area Duct velocity - 1000-3000fpm Entry loss = 0.50 duct VP Note: If direct exhaust connections are provided from washer body, cap these and use external hoods. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DISHWASHER VENTILATION DATE - 1-70 VS-912 IS; 4' MT-PWHD-004640 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-105 CHARCOAL BROILER Q-/OOLH Duct velocity - / 000- 3000 fpm Entry loss = 0.25 (filters) * 0.25 duct VP high temperature type BARBEQUE PITS 0=100 WH (maximum open door area, sqft) Duct velocity = /000-3000 fpm Entry loss = 0.25 (filters) + 0.25 duct VP Note: See VS-9U for information about filters and fans AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS CHARCOAL BROILER AND BARBEQUE PIT VENTILATION _ vs.9/3 1V^D(/Cfn J# u8cfo MT-PWHD-004641 5-106 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION I ! ii I I I 0 = 50HWt but not less than 20 cfm/sq ft of room cross sectional area Notes: Make-up air: Minimum temperature - 70 F Sidewall grilles: Maximum grille velocity - 400fpm Discharge air downward Ceiling diffusers: Size for uniform distribution Bureau of Mines opproved leod dust respirator is necessary during clean-up Acoustical material on wol/s, ceiling and thick fabric on bench top are recommended AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS INDOOR PISTOL AND SMALL BORE RIFLE RANGE VENTILATION date 1-68 1 VS-914 " I I I 1 I 1 J 1 1 J ! MT-PWHD-004642 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-107 MT-PWH D-004643 5-108 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 0= 150 cfm/sq ft of gross table oreo Duct velocity = 2000-4000 fpm * Entry loss s 10 VP through grating 0.25 duct VP - tapered takeoff * For horizontal runs, transport velocity is necessary AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS TORCH CUTTING VENTILATION PATE 1-63 1 VS-9/6 I > MT-PWH D-004644 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-109 MT-PWHD-004645 5-110 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION NOTES 1. Air handling systems are usually designed to provide 20 air changes per hour in conventional clean rooms (poor and fair) or a room air velocity of 75-100 fpm in crossflow or downflow clean rooms (good and best). See VS-917 2. Make-up air equal to 25% of the total air flow is taken from outside or both outside and in-plant with not less than 15 cfm of outside air per person. A positive pressure in the clean room of 0.1 inches of water is maintained by gravity dampers located over exit doors. When exhaust ventilation is necessary for control of toxic contaminants additional make-up air may be required to maintain positive pressure. 3. Clean room temperatures are maintained at 72 F 5 F with a maximum rate of change of 2.5 F per hour and a maximum relative humidity of 40%(82). 4. Pre-filters are used to reduce the dust load on the HEPA filters. The efficiency of filters commonly used for this purpose is from 60-90% by the NBS atmos pheric dust test. 5. High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters are > 99.97% efficient by 0.3 micron DOP test. Initial HEPA filter resistance is not more than 0.9 inches of water for a 2' square filter assembly at a flow of 1000 cfm. Filters may be operated at differentials up to 10 inches of water. Replacement is determined by maximum acceptable reduction in flow caused by increases in filter resistance. 6. HEPA filters should be installed in the clean room wall or ceiling. The plenum or ducts upstream from the filters are designed so that their resistance in combination with the filter resistance will result in uniform air flow from face of filter bank. When room installation is not possible they may be located in the air handling system with no mechanical equipment following the filters. 7. Dust concentration limits at work bench level for USAF Standard and Federal Standard 209 Class 100,000 clean rooms are less than 100,000 ppcf > 0.5 m and <20,000 ppcf 1.0 m (Ref. 82, 83 and 84.) AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS CLEAN ROOM AIR FLOW DATA DATE 1-66 l/S-9/8 MT-PWHD-004646 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS 5-111 Cold header: Q= 750 cfm/sq ft of die opening Duct velocity = 3500 fpm Entry loss s 1.0 slot VP + 0.25 duct VP Parts discharge and container: 0 - IOO cfm/ft of hood length Duct velocity =3500 fpm Entry loss - 0.25 VP AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS COLD HEADING MACHINE VENTILATION date 1-72 1 VS-919 ' 1109J$O{/cfO $3 MT-PWHD-004647 5-112 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION TABLE 5-9-1 GRAIN ELEVATORS, FEED MILLS, FLOUR MILLS (66) The following data are offered as guides. Air volumes can vary considerably depending on degree of en closure, flow rate of material and dustiness of the grain. Minimum duct velocity = 3500 fpm. Ventilation control is desirable for these operations to minimize the explosive characteristics of grain dusts and to preserve plant housekeeping standards. Operation Hood Design Air Volume Bag Loading Belt Discharge Bins Bucket Elevator Cleaning Machines Distributors Feed Grinders Floor Dump Floor Sweep Garner Bin Mixers Percentage Feeders Purifiers Roll Stands Scales Scale Hopper Screw Conveyor Sifters Track Sink Tripper Car VS 301, 302 Booth VS-303 To belt--VS-306 To bin--VS-304 To Elevator--VS-305, 306 Direct exhaust. Use taper. VS-305 Consult manufacturer Enclose discharge 200 fpm in draft through enclosure openings. Consult manufacturer Booth Direct exhaust. Use taper. Ventilated cover Enclosed conveyor Enclosure Enclosure Enclosure Direct exhaust. Use taper Direct exhaust. Use taper Enclosure Direct exhaust from hopper. Use taper. Belt discharge. FS-304, 305, 306. Spout ends - tapered connection. Spillage - exhaust under head pulley. As shown 100 cfm/ft* open face area 150 cfm/ft of belt width up to 200 fpm belt speed 250 cfm/ft of belt width over 200 fpm belt speed Increase 1/3 if material drop is over 10 ft 550 cfm/bin 100 cfm/ft* cross-section No. of Spouts 0 -6 6 - 12 12 - 24 Diameter of Spouts 6" 7" 8" 9" 550 675 950 1250 950 1250 1500 1900 1500 1900 2250 2750 200 cfm/ft* open face area 950 cfm in 4" x 8M opening cfm = 1.25 x bushels/min. Mixer Capacity Up to 1/2 ton 1/2 ton - 1-1/2 ton Over 1-1/2 tons Exhaust, cfm 300 675 950 200 cfm at each feeder 30 - 40 cfm/ft* screen area 60 cfm/lineal ft Scale Capacity, Bushels Up to 5 6 to 10 Over 11 Exhaust, cfm 250 400 600 cfm = 1.25 x bushels/min. 200 cfm - ducts on 30 ft centers 200 cfm/compartment 100 cfm/ft* grate area See " Belt Discharge" above. 200 cfm/ft* spout cross-section 90 cfm/ft belt width 1 I i I I ! I 1 ! 1 ) I I 1 11<>li0DUCED -83 MT-PWHD-004648 SPECIFIC OPERATIONS TABLE 5-9-2 5-113 MISCELLANEOUS SPECIFIC OPERATION STANDARDS (Not shown in VS-Prints) Operation or Industry Ventilation Type of Hood Air Flow or Capture Velocity Minimum Transport Velocity fpm References and Remarks Abrasive Wheel Manufacture Grading screen Enclosure - -booth 50 fpm at face Barrels Close canopy 400 fpm at face Grinding wheel dressing Enclosure--booth 400 fpm at face 3000 3000 3000 (33) Bbls. receive dust from cyclone Aluminum Furnaces Enclosure 150-200 fpm through opening 2000 (14) ------ Asbestos Fiber Preparation Carding Spool Winding Spinning and Twisting Weaving Enclosure Enclosure Local hoods Partial enclosure Canopy with baffles 100-150 fpm through openings 1600 cfm/card 50 cfm/spool 50 cfm/spool 50 fpm through openings 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 (9, 10, 32) Use pneumatic conveying Hinged front panels and skirt Wet weaving preferred Auto Parking Garage 2 Level 500 cfm/Parking Space (80) Ceramic Dry pan Dry press Aerographing Spraying (lead glaze) Enclosure Local at die Local at die At supply bin Booth Booth 200 fpm through all openings 500 cfm 500 cfm 500 cfm 100 fpm (face) 400 fpm (face) 3500 3500 3500 3500 2000 (24, 31, 39) Automatic feed Manual feed Manual feed Coating pans (pharmaceutical) Air flow into opening of pan 100-150 fpm through opening 3000 (24, 7) If heated air supplied to pan, add volume of heated air to exhaust Cooling tunnels (foundry) Enclosure 75-100 cfm per run ning foot of enclos ure. -- (22, 25) Core knockout (Manual) Large side-draft or semi -booth - exhaust near floor 200-250 cfm/sq ft dust producing working area 3500 (13, 22, 25) Core sanding (on lathe) Downdraft under 100 fpm at source work 3500 (34) ------ Crushers and grinders Enclosure 200 fpm through openings 3500 (30) MT-PWH D-004649 5-114 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Miscellaneous Specific Operation Standards (Continued) Operation or Industry Drilling (rocks) Forge (hand) Packaging Machines Paper Machine Quartz fusing Silver Soldering Steam Kettles Varnish kettles Wire Impregnating Ventilation Type of Hood Air Flow or Capture Velocity Minimum Transport Velocity fpm References and Remarks Special trap (see references) 60 cfm--vertical (downward) work 200 cfm--horizontal work (9, 17, 18) May vary with size and speed of drill Booth - -enclosure 200 fpm at face 1500 (14) ------ Booth Downdraft Complete Enclosure 50-100 fpm at face 95-150 fpm down 100-400 fpm opening 3000 to 4000 -- Canopy 200-300 fpm at face 1500 (14) ------ Booth on bench 150-200 fpm at face -- (35, 36) ------ Free Hanging 100 fpm at source 2000 -- Canopy 150 fpm at face 2000 -- Canopy 200-250 fpm at face 1500 (14, 39) Covered tanks 200 cfm/sq ft of opening (46) Chlorinated napthalenes & diphenyls i ) ) ) i J MT-PWHD-004650 Section 6 DESIGN PROCEDURE Calculations discussed below are essential to determine the duct sizes and the exhaust system pressure loss. This figure, coupled with the exhaust volume, will determine size and type of exhauster as well as its speed and motor horsepower required. Preliminary Steps The designer should have the following data available: 1. A layout of the operations, workroom, etc., (and building if necessary). 2. A line sketch including elevations of the ductwork layout, fan location, collector location, etc. 3. A rough design or sketch of the desired hood for each operation with direction and elevation of outlet for duct connection. 4. Information as to the details of the operations, toxicity of materials, etc. Number, letter or otherwise identify each branch and section of main on the line sketch for convenience. Design Procedure Determine the type of system and select the calculation method to be used. 1. Transport systems exhaust particulate matter and minimum transport velocities must be maintained in the ducts to prevent settling. (A variation is the Plenum Type system discussed later.) 2. Non-transport or vapor systems exhaust vapors, gases and non-condensing fumes. Duct velocities are not critical and may be lowered to permit operating economy. 3. Calculation methods are based on Equivalent Feet of duct or on Velocity Pressure loss. Either method may be used. The following procedure is common to both methods. Select or design the hood and determine exhaust volumes and required conveying volocities from data in preceding sections. When cfm is determined, calculate branch size to maintain minimum recommended carrying velocity. The usual sheet metal fabricator will have patterns for pipes in 1/2 inch steps through 5 1/2 inch diameter; 1 inch steps 6 inches through 20 inches and 2 inch steps 22 inches and larger diameters. In the illustrations, the following items should be noted: 1. There are two basic variations in the method of pressure loss calculations. One method is based on using the hood entrance loss only in computing the pressure loss. The method illustrated on this dis cussion uses the hood suction (entrance loss plus velocity pressure in the connecting branch) as the initial pressure loss in the system. It has a number of advantages including (See Figure 6-1): A. Branch velocities are often higher than the velocity at the exhauster inlet. The inclusion of the higher velocity pressure counterbalances small acceleration and deceleration losses in the system and produces a result on the safe side. B. By starting with the hood suction, pressures in the system can be immediately checked with a manometer against the calculated values in the system design. 2. With the small variation in velocities in any exhaust system, acceleration and deceleration losses have been neglected because such losses will be of too small magnitude to introduce measurable variation in exhaust volume. Actual static pressure losses for contraction and static pressure regain for enlarge ments are shown on Figure 6-7. An actual example of static pressure regain calculation is shown in Example Problem 1, Figure 6-1, and Examples 2 and 3, Figure 6-6. Calculations, Equivalent Feet All exhaust systems, whether simple or complex have in common the use of hoods, ductwork and special fittings leading to an exhaust fan. In fact, a complex system is merely an arrangement of several simple exhaust systems connected to a common duct. In designing an exhaust system, start at the most logical place--the hood--and proceed downstream to the fan and to the atmosphere. 6-1 MT-PWHD-004651 6-2 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 1. Select or design the exhaust hood to suit the operation to be controlled (See Sections 4 and 5). 2. Determine the desired air volume and minimum duct velocity, from this information arrive at the proper branch duct size. 3. Determine the actual length of the ductwork required, together with the types and equivalent length of the special fittings and elbows needed. Actual length is the centerline distance along the duct, neglect ing the radius of elbows, etc. The equivalent length of fittings is added to the actual length as provided on the calculation sheets. 4. Using the calculation sheet, as illustrated in Figures 6-1, 6-3 and 6-4, compute the pressure losses due to the components of the system. These pressure losses are the Static Pressure of the exhaust system. In common practice, exhaust fan tables are rated in Fan Static Pressure which will be discussed later. Problem 1 To illustrate the steps involved in calculating these pressure losses, Problem 1, Figure 6-1, is included. Note that the calculation of these losses is a straight-forward procedure using the calculation sheet provided. With the drawing of the system there is also a pressure profile of the system showing the magnitude and relationships of Total, Static and Velocity Pressures on both the 'suction* and 'pressure* sides of the sys tem. It should be noted that Velocity Pressure is always positive with respect to atmospheric pressure. Also, while Total and Static pressures may be either negative or positive with respect to atmosphere, all pressures are positive on the absolute pressure scale and Total Pressure is always greater than Static Pressure (TP = SP + VP). Details of Operation HOOD NO. NO. 1 16" Diameter Grinding Wheel, 2" wide A VSPRINT 411 REQUIRED AIR FLOW, cfm 390 No. OF BRANCH OR MAIN ab be cd ef ig STRAIGHT RUN, FT. 15 Collector 1 10 Stack head Dimensions CFM REQUIRED 390 390 390 390 390 ELBOWS .. -- -- -- ENTRIES _---- -- i s 1114*'83 MT-PWHD-004652 DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-3 J. MT-PWHD-004653 6-4 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Distribution of Air Flow As discussed earlier, a complex exhaust system is actually a group of simple exhaust systems connected to a common main duct. Therefore, in designing a system of multiple hoods and branches, the same rules apply as before. In a multiple branch system, however, it is necessary to provide a means of distributing air flow between the branches either by balanced design or by the use of blast gates. The reason for this is that air will always take the path of least resistance. If the design does not provide for proper distribution, a natural balance of the air will occur; that is, the exhaust volume will distribute itself automatically according to the resistance of the available flow paths. To provide distribution that will result in the design air flow at each hood, the designer must make sure that all flow paths (ducts) entering a junction will have equal static pressure resistance at design flow. To accomplish this, the designer has a choice of two methods. The object of both methods is the same: to obtain the desired quantity of air flow at each hood of the system, at the same time maintaining the desired conveying velocity in each branch and main. The two methods, labeled Method A and Method B, can be outlined as follows. Method A: (See Figure 6-3) (Air Balance without Blast Gate Adjustment) provides a procedure for achieving the desired air flow (a "balanced* system) without the use of dampers or blast gates. This method is often called the "static pressure balance method*. In this type of design, the calculation begins at the branch of greatest resistance and proceeds, branch to main, and section of main to section of main, on up to the fen. At each point of junction of two air streams, the static pressure necessary to achieve desired flow in one stream must match the static pressure in the joining air stream. (This con dition actually will prevail in any operating system; but if the system is not in "balance*, the desired air flow may not be achieved in each stream.) The static pressures are balanced at the desired rate of flow by suitable choice of pipe sizes, elbow radii, etc., and are more fully detailed below. Method B: (See Figure 6-4) (Air Balance by Blast Gate Adjustment) depends on the use of blast gates which may be adjusted after installation in order to achieve the desired air flow at each hood. This de sign calculation also begins at the "branch of greatest resistance" and pressure drops are calculated through the branch and through the various sections of the main on up to the fan. At each section of main where another branch or submain joins, the desired volume of that added flow is added to the cfm in the main. No attempt is made to balance the static pressure in the joining air stream. The joining branches are merely sized to give the desired minimum duct velocity at the desired cfm. It will be apparent that care must be exercised in choosing the "branch of greatest resistance"; if the choice is incorrect, any branch having a higher resistance than that chosen will fail to draw the desired volume even though its blast gate is wide open. In case of doubt, check all branches possible of giving the greatest resistance. Choice of Methods Method A will normally be selected where highly toxic materials are controlled to safeguard against tam pering with blast gates and consequently subjecting personnel excessive exposure. This method is manda tory where explosives, magnesium and radioactive dusts are exhausted as the possibilities of accumulations in the branch duct caused by a blast gate obstruction is eliminated. The ability to distribute the exhaust air and the flexibility of Method B suggests that it can be used except where highly toxic materials are controlled or where linty material and explosive dusts would accumulate due to blast gate obstruction to the air stream flow. It should be noted that in systems where branch velocities are appreciably higher than main velocities and where branch diameters are small and reasonably uniform, the branch ducts become load limiting orifices that tend to balance the system without the use of blast gates, even when air volumes and pressure losses are calculated as illustrated in Method B. MT-PWHD-004654 DESIGN PROCEDURE Advantages and shortcomings of these two methods are further outlined as follows. 6-5 Relative Advantages of Method A and Method B Method A (Balance Without Blast Gates) Method B (Balance With Blast Gates) 1. Air volumes cannot easily be changed by work men or at the whim of the operator. 1. Air volumes may be changed relatively easily even though precautions are taken. Such changes are desirable where pickup of unnecessary quan tities of material may affect process. 2. Small degree of flexibility for future equipment changes or additions; the ductwork is tailormade" for the job. 2. Greater degree of flexibility for future changes or additions. 3. Choice of exhaust volumes for a new unknown operation may be incorrect; in such cases some ductwork revision is necessary. 3. Correction of improperly estimated exhaust volumes is easy, with certain ranges. 4. No unusual erosion or accumulation problems. 4. Partially closed blast gates may cause erosion to slides, thereby changing degree of restriction or may cause accumulations particularly of linty material. 5. Ductwork will not plug if velocities are chosen wisely. 5. Ductwork may plug if the blast gate adjustment has been tampered with by unauthorized persons. 6. Design calculation is more time-consuming than Method B. 6. Design calculations relatively brief. 7. Total air volumes slightly greater than design air volume due to added air handled to achieve balance. 8. Poor choice of "branch of greatest resistance" will show up in design calculations. 7. Balance may be achieved with design air volume. 8. Poor choice of "branch of greatest resistance" may remain undiscovered. In such case the branch or branches of greater resistance will be "starved." 9. Layout of system must be in complete detail with all obstruction cleared and length of runs accu rately determined. Installations must exactly follow layout. 9. Leeway is allowed for moderate variation in duct location to miss obstructions or interferences not known at time of layout. Balancing Procedures Method A Resistance of each branch is calculated, based on design data, and totaled for the length running from ex haust hood to junction of the next branch. At each junction the SP for each parallel path of air flow must be the same. Where difference in SP is pronounced (over 20*2$, the branch with lower pressure loss should be re' designed to increase its pressure drop. Usual method is to decrease pipe size so the increased pipe velocity will increase all losses in that run. Where pressure losses of parallel paths are within 20% of the governing static pressure, balance can be obtained by increasing the air flow through the run with the lower resistance. This increase in cfm is quickly calculated as pressure losses increase as the square of the exhaust volume; so: Corrected cfm - Design cfm 1/SP run-wj.t-h- larger SP 1955~ Corrected cim - Design ctm y gp ^ with lower gp loss Where balance is within 5% it is usual to ignore the small error and treat it as if paths were in complete balance. Method B Same data and type of calculations are involved as noted in Method A, Use care in selection of run of greatest resistance and where any question occurs, calculate pressure loss of each run in question and use run with greater loss. . tf MT-PWHD-004655 6-6 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Problem 2 Typical worksheets Illustrate an orderly and concise arrangement of data and calculation (See Figure 6-2, 6-3 and 6-4). A discussion of the calculations for either method can best be done by a typical example, using the exhaust system shown in Figure 6-2. The problem considered in Figures 6-2, 6-3 and 6-4, is a foundry sand handling and shakeout system. A minimum conveying velocity of 3500 fpm is used throughout the problem. The operations, hood designations on diagram, VS-print references and required air flows are as follows. Details of Operation No. 1. Vibrating shakeout 4' x 6' grate 2. Shakeout hopper 3. Vibrating pan feeder 24" 4. Incline sand belt 24" x 28' 5. Magnetic pulley 6. Tramp iron box 7. Bucket elevator 24 " x 30" casing, 34' high 8. Vibrating screen 4' x 6' deck 9. Sand bin 600 ft3 capacity, 18" x 20" opening 10. Waste sand box 44 " x 54", clearance 6" 11. Sand weigh hopper 12. Sand muller 6' dia. 13. Wet dust collector Hood No. 1 2 3 5! 7a ilower 1 7b (upper/ 8 9 10 11121/ >. of Branch or Main 1-A 2-B 3-B B-A A-C 5-D 7a-D D-C C-E 8-F 9-F F-G 7b-G G-E E-H 10-J 12-J J-H H-K 13 14-L CFM Required, Minimum 9,600 960 700 1,660 11,260 700 500 1,200 12,460 1,200 500 1,700 500 2,200 14,660 1,225 900 2,125 16,785 16,785 16,785 DIMENSIONS Straight Run, Ft 13 3 4 18 34 7 5 14 6.5 11 4 5 15 6 3.5 6 2.5 8 9 20 VS Print 110, 112 112 112, 306 306 305 307 304 903 V = 150 fpm 108 Elbows 1-90 1-60O 1-90O + 1-60 2-90 1-30 + 1-60 1-90 + 1-60 2-90 1-90 + 1-60 1-60 1-60 1-45 1-30 1-90O + 1-60 2-45 Minimum Exhaust, cfm 9600 960 700 700 500 500 1200 500 1225 900 Entries 1-30 1-30 1-30 1-30 1-30 1-30 1-30 1-30 1-30 1-30 \ | I I I I 1118 MT-PWHD-004656 DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-7 Plan view 8 / 9 'G D 1^3 All elbows - i radius - 2.OD Branch entries -30 Elevation AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS F P PROBLEM 2 DATE (-72 MT-PWHD-004657 -8 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Figure -3 Balanced System Design Method A Equivalent Foot Method Calculation Sheaf Committal cm Industrie/ PO Set 453 Mictegm 499Ct B-A 9 .442 1730 3920 18 2-90 30 32 so 2.5 1.25+.09 .96 in a.j . Sm VPj.3 ' ` (02+03)2 (1030+700)* 0 .67 Increase * . 96 - .67 * .09" PI05(A}+A3)Jj [i00M.267x.l96JH At jCt A, branch 8-A rsc(uires 2.99" SP; b ranch 1-A requires 1.47" . Refifure 1-A. 1-A Slots 10.0 9600 960 .06 1.78 18 J 1.77J 5420 13 90 28 41 2.0 .62 1.83 .25 Branches 1-A and B -A are within St of balance alt "A". Air velum is B-A will ioca'ease: Q 1730 /C53 * 1790 cfn 15751 A-C 2** 3.14 11390 3625 34 34 .62 .21 7s-D 5 .136 500 3670 5 5 4.5 .23 .84 1.6 S-D 6 700 3570 7 900 300 12 19 3.3 .63 .79 .25 -- 1.25 2.0 1.25 .11 2.29 1.68 .99 2.99 3.22 1790 i J- j / 3.22 3.43 1.91 ka \ 1.62 1.91 ' 760 - Branches 5 and 7a are within 18% of balance at "D". Air wolune in S will increase: ** ' 700 * 760 ** 349 1260 361of 14 l9tK6tf! 10 1 24 | 38 I 1.5 .95 2.86]3.93 I 1380 Branches D-C and A-C are within 20% of balance at jet "C". Air wolune in O-C will increase: 9 * 1360 ' 1380 ef" C-E 26 ! 3.69 12770 3460 6.5 6.5 .60 .04 --------- j----------3.47 8-F 8 . 349 ! 1200! 3440 11 2-90 20 31 2.2 .66 .74 .50 1.50 1.11 1.79 1.86 OK* 'S 9-F 5 ! .136 . S00 i 3670 a Kt+bd 30 14 18 4.5 .81 .84 .25 1.25 1.05 1.86 / will be: 1225 > 3500 J ! 1. _L F-G 9 .1 .442.1 17251. 3900 171 1349 5 2.4 .12 .16 .95 2.14 Velocity cressure in F-C is hicher than branch 8 or 9 . See text. VPo_,, * (<3b+09>J (1725)3 .79" Increase 85 . 79 .16" 1 [4005(Aa+Ag)J " (4005X.485)' / 5 j .136 1 500 3670 15 .60. 30 8 . 23 , 8*6 1.04 .84 1.0 2.0 1.68 At jet G, branch F-G requires 2.15" SP, branch 7b-G requires 2.72" SP. Ref pit. F-G. r-Gj 8 ! .3*9; 1725 4940 ro Velocity pressure in F-G ia hi {her than branch 1 or 9 5 4.5 | .23 *.73 1.52 Increase 1.52" - VP8-9 1.52 - .79 .73 2.72 2.82 r OK 72.82 H / G-E_il0 1 .5451 2225 4090 6 so 30O 19 25 2.3 .58 1.04 3.40 3.47 OK J-H 28 i 4.28j 14995 3500 3.5 3.5 .50 .02 3.491 10-J 8 ! .349 1225 3500 6 450 5 U 2.3 .25 .76 .25 1.25 .95 1.20 ___ J _900. 4590 2.6- 30 30 7 9.5 5.5 .52 1.31 25 1.25 1.64 2.161 At jet "J" branch 12-J requires 2.16" SP, branch 10-J requires 1. 20". Refigure 10-J. .. Li L_ 10-J ! 7 ] .267: 1225 sI 4590 6 .5 4.5 10.5 4.4 r-------- r--p--1 6% of w 1% .46 1.26 _. 1 .25 1.25 1.58 2.04 2.16 1260/ Q 1225 /2.1S > 1260 cfn on J-H 10 1 .5451 2160 11 i1 3960 t 9<Ub6--30 32 40 ------ 2.1 .84 .99 ------------------- j At jet "H" branch J-H and min E-H are within m of balance. Ai r volimin J-H win i acreaa 1 1 J ... . J_____ 1__ ____ H-K i 30 | 4.9l! i 17325 3530 9 _2-as . 51 60 .45 .27 13 Collector resistance, including fan inlet 4.5 14 Backward curved fan. Inlet * 3S>! I D. Outlet 5.15 ft2. 1 3.00 r 3.49"^320 * 2160 49 2330 cfn____ 1 3.00 sTtT!---------8.26 -- 35J 6.871 1 17326l 2520 .40 L 32 ! 5.59. . 117325 3100 20 20 .33 .07 8.33 Fan SP SPout - SPIn - VPIn - 0.07" - (-8.26") - 0.40" 8.33" - 0.40" 7.93" . 1 JJ -------- ,--------- j---------- ---------- -- Calculated fan characteristics for standard conditions Copocityf L Fan TP----Fan SP -- 17325 8" CFM Pn, type and sue.in 6 . PPM- .BMP Corrected for temperature and elevation .RPM_` CFM Motor- .BMP_ ____ TP V Belt- _____SP ii2 *u$o MT-PWHD-004658 Figure 6-4 Blast Gate Design Method 8 DESIGN PROCEDURE Equivalent Foot Method Calculation Sheet CLPaoOnituimn8giot,temM4iae5nh3igMpuns4tn9a9f06 6-9 MT-PWHD-004659 6-10 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Corrections for Velocity Changes Variations in duct velocity occur at many locations in exhaust systems because of the necessary limita tions of available standard duct sizes (areas) or due to duct selections based on balanced system design. As noted earlier, small accelerations and decelerations are usually compensated automatically in the system where good design practices and proper fittings are used. There are times, however, when special circum stances require the designer to have a knowledge of the energy losses and regains which occur since these may work to his advantage or disadvantage in the final performance of the system. Branch Entries to Main Ducts: Sometimes the final main duct velocity exceeds the higher of the two velocities in the branches entering the main. If the difference is great, additional SP is needed to produce the increased velocity. A difference of 0.10* or greater between the main VP and the resultant VP from the two branches should be corrected. Correction is made by first computing the resultant velocity pressure (VPr), corresponding to a pseudo velocity of the two volumes of air entering the junction. This is accomplished by applying the basic velocity / v \2 pressure equation, VP = ( 4005 J > using the total of the two air flows and the total of the two duct areas: Equation #1 VPr = 4005(A1 + A2) Where VPr Ql Q2 A1 a2 resultant velocity pressure at the combined branch air volumes cfm in branch #1 cfm in branch #2 area of branch duct #1 area of branch duct #2 It is assumed that branches #1 and #2 are balanced at the junction so that SP^ = SP2. If VP3 is greater than VPr, the difference between VP3 and VPr is the necessary SP required to produce the increase in kinetic energy between VP3 and VPr. The correction is made as follows: Equation #2 SPj = SPj + (VPg - VPr) (algebraic values of SP are negative) Where SP3 = SP in main #3 SPj = SP at branch #1 = SP at branch #2 VP3 = Velocity pressure in main. Example 1 1 ) 1 i I ) 1 ) Duct No. (1) (2) Main (3) Dia. Area 10 0.545 4 0.087 10 0.545 Q 1935 340 2275 V 3550 3890 4170 VP 0.79 0.94 1.08 SP -2.11 -2.11 -- (Ql 0/ VPr = [4005 (Aj + A2)]2 (1935 + 340)* [4005 ( 0.545 + 0.087)]1 . --tags-8 .... 0.si- (4005 x 0.632) SP3 ' SPj + (VPr - VPg) = -2.11 + (0.81 - 1.08) = -2.11 - 0.27 SP 1 = -2.38" (corrected SP to provide for increased velocity) I I 1 1 I ) I 1 ! MT-PWHD-004660 DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-11 Duct Contractions and Enlargements: Duct contractions are used where it is necessary to reduce the size of the pipe to fit into tight places, to fit equipment or to provide a high discharge velocity at the end of the stack. Duct enlargements are used to fit a particular piece of equipment or to reduce the energy consumed in the system by reducing velocity and friction. Enlargements are not desirable in transport systems since the duct velocity may become less than the minimum transport velocity and material may settle in the ducts. Regain of pressure in a duct system is possible because static pressure and velocity pressure are mutually convertible. This conversion is accompanied by some energy loss, the amount of this loss being a function of the geometry of the transition piece (the more abrupt the change in velocity, the greater the loss) and depends on whether air is accelerated or decelerated. Loss is expressed as a percentage of difference between veloc ity pressure in the entrance and the exit of the transition piece. One minus the loss, expressed as a decimal fraction, is the efficiency of the energy conversion or regain. A perfect contraction or enlargement (no loss) would cause no change in the Total Pressure in the duct. There would be an increase (decrease) in Static Pressure corresponding exactly to the decrease (increase) in Velocity Pressure of the air. In practice, the enlargement or contraction will not be perfect and there will be a change in Total Pressure. See Examples 2 and 3. In each example, total pressure and static pres sure are plotted in order to show their relationship at various points in each system. Example 2--Ductwork located on discharge side of fan. Velocity changes as indicated. Example 3--Ductwork located on suction side of fan. Velocity changes as indicated. Fig. 6-5 From the sketch, the ductwork is located all on the discharge side of the fan. Total pressure at the fan discharge (point A) is equal to the velocity pres sure at the discharge end of the duct (point F) plus the accumulated resistances. These add up to 1.0 + 1.0 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 0.3 + 1.0 = 4.2. Static pressure regain between D and E follows the regain formulae (Fig. 6-6). If there were no energy loss in the transition piece, static pressure at D would be 0 because the difference in VP of 1 would show up as static pressure regain. However, the transition is only 60% efficient which means a loss of 0.4, so SP at point D = 0 + 0.4 = 0.4. Conversion of static pressure into velocity pres sure between B and C follows contraction formulae (Fig. 6-6). There must be sufficient static pres sure at B to furnish the additional velocity pressure required at C. In addition, transformation of energy between these two points is accompanied by a loss of 0.3. Since SP at C equals 0.9, SP at B = 0.9 + 0.3 + 1.0 = 2.2. Since there is no ductwork on the suction side of the fan, total pressure against which the fan is operating is 4.2". Since all the ductwork is on the suction side of the fan, SP at the fan inlet (point F) is equal to VP at the fan inlet plus the total duct resistance up to that point. This equals -4.2 SP since static pressure on the suc tion side of the fan is always negative. The duct sys tem is the same as was used in Example 2 and therefore has the same overall resistance of 3.2. If it is again assumed that the inlet and discharge of the fan are of equal areas, the total pressure across the fan will be the same as in Example 1 and in each case the fan will deliver the same air horsepower when handling equal volumes of air. Static pressure conversion between B and C follows contraction formulae (Fig. 6-6). There must be suf ficient SP at B to furnish the additional VP required at C. In addition, the energy transfer between these two points is accompanied by a loss of 0.3. Since SP at B = -2, SP at C = -2.0 + (-1.0) + (-0.3) = -3.3. Static pressure regain between D and E follows the regain formulae (Fig. 6-6). If there were no loss in the transition piece, the difference of 1 in velocity pressure would all be regained as static pressure at E and SP at that point would be -2.8. However, the transition is only 60% efficient (Q049&&) so the SP at E = -2.8 + (-0.4) = -3.2. 1126 MT-PWHD-004661 6-12 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION STATIC PRESSURE REGAINS FOR EXPANSIONS Regain (R), fraction of VP difference Taper angle Diamet\er rah'os 0,/l?/ degrees 1.25=1 15=1 1.75=1 2=1 2.5=1 31/2 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.8! 0.75 5 0.88 034 0.80 076 0.68 to 0.85 076 0.70 0.63 0.53 15 0.83 0.70 0.62 0.55 0.43 20 0t 0.67 0.57 0.48 0.43 25 0.80 0.65 053 0.44 0.28 30 0.79 0.63 0.5/ 0.4/ 0.25 Abrupt 90 0.77 0.62 0.50 0.40 0.25 Where: SPe - SP, + R(VP,-VPZ) At end of duct Regain (RJ, fraction of inlet VP loper length toinlet dtom L/D 1.2=1 Oiame ter rotVos s7'D, 1.3=1 14=I 1.5=1 1.6=1 tD= f 037 0.39 0.38 0.35 0.31 1.7=1 0.27 1.5=1 20=1 3.0=1 4.0=1 0.39 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.46 0.49 0.52 0.52 032 0.57 0.59 035 0.60 0.63 0.44 0.41 0.51 0.49 0.60 0.59 0.63 Q64 5.0=1 0.47 Q56 0.62 0.65 0.66 0.68 7.5=1 0.48 0.58 0.64 0.68 0.70 0.72 Where: SP, - Sf% - RfVffJ* The regain (R) will only be 70% of value shown above when expansion follows a disturbance or elbow (including a fan) by less than 5 duct diameters. STATIC PRESSURE LOSSES FOR CONTRACTIONS 3 X Tapered contraction SP2= SPr(Vf= - Vffh L(VPg-VP,) Abrupt contraction SPe= SP,-(VPZ- Vff)~K(Vf*) Toper angle degrees 5 10 15 20 25 30 45 60 over 60 L(loss) 0.05 0.06 0.08 O.IO O.U 0.13 0.20 0.30 Abrupt contraction Ratio Az/A, K O.l 0.48 0.2 0.46 03 0.42 0.4 037 0.5 0.32 0.6 026 0.7 0.20 A - duct area, sq ft AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF Note: In calculating SP for expansion or contraction use algebraic signs: VP Is (*) and usually SP is (+) in discharge duct from fan SP Is (~) in inlet duct to fan GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DUCTWORK DESIGN DATA DATE 1-72 I Fio~6-6 I 1 \ i f I H94 PRODUCED Jim - 83 MT-PWHD-004662 DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-13 Corrections for Different Duct Materials The friction loss charts, Figures 6-15A, 6-15B and 6-17, provide average values for clean, round gal i vanized metal ducts having approximately 40 joints per 100 feet based on the flow of standard air of 0.075 pounds per cubic foot density. The values obtained may be used with no significant error for the majority of designs; occasionally, however, more precise calculations of duct friction are required. i Figure 6-14 presents correction factors depending on duct smoothness, size and velocity. These are applied directly to the values obtained from Figures 6-15A, 6-15B and 6-17. Example 4: 4* diameter duct; 4500 fpm; 390 cfm. "Average* friction (Fig. 6-15A) = 8.5"/100*. Special construction: 1C duct lengths, welded and polished longitudinal seam. From Fig. 6-14, consider as medium smooth, 5* duct is closest. Factor = 0.85. Actual friction = 0.85 x 8.5"/100' = 7.2"/100'. In addition to Figure 6-14, various manufacturers have developed data for special duct materials including transite, non-metallic flexible ducts and metallic flexible ducts. These values should be obtained from the manufacturer when precise calculations are required. Friction Loss in Non-Circular Ducts Round ducts are preferred for industrial exhaust systems because of a more uniform air velocity to resist settling of material and an ability to withstand higher static pressure. At times, however, the designer must use other duct shapes. Rectangular duct friction can be calculated by using the friction charts, Figures 6-15A, 6-15B and 6-17, in conjunction with Figure 6-24 to obtain rectangular equivalents for circular ducts on the basis of equal friction loss per 100 feet. It should be noted that on this basis, the area of the rectangular duct will be larger than the equivalent round duct; consequently, the actual air velocity in the duct will be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to use care to maintain minimum transport velocities. Occasionally the designer will find it necessary to estimate the air-handling ability of odd-shaped ducts. The following procedure will be helpful in determining the frictional resistance and actual velocity of air flow. To illustrate the method, an example and table have been developed for triangular ducts of equilateral cross section; tables of data for other duct shapes can be developed easily. (Reference 85) Procedure 1. Find duct cross-sectional area, ft2....................................... A 2. Find wetted perimeter, ft.......................................................... P A 3. Calculate hydraulic radius, ft.................................................. R(R = --) 4. Convert R to inches......................................................................r(r = 12R) 5. Calculate equivalent diameter, in..........................................D(D = 4r) 6. Use standard friction chart, Figure 6-15 Example 5 Duct shape: Equilateral triangle; Q = 1,000 cfm STP Allowable friction * 0.1"/100' Find: Duct size Actual velocity a. From friction chart, find round pipe size = 14" equivalent diameter for 0.1" friction loss. b. Hydraulic radius, r = ^ = 3.5" c. From Table 6-1, select 24" equilateral triangle d. Actual velocity = Q -f A = 1,000 -f 1.731 = 578 fpm Side of Triangle (A,B,C) inches TABLE 6-1 Equilateral Triangle A/\c B Area, ft2 Perimeter, Hydraulic Radius A, ft2 P, Feet Feet Inches Equivalent Diameter D, inches 6 0.108 1.5 0.0722 0.87 3.45 8 0.193 2.0 0.0965 1.16 4.6 10 0.301 2.5 0.122 1.44 5.75 12 0.433 3.0 0.144 1.73 6.9 14 0.0589 3.5 0.168 2.0 8.0 16 0.770 4.0 0.192 2.3 9.2 18 0.973 4.5 0.216 2.6 10.4 20 1.201 5.0 0.240 2.87 11.45 i 22 1.455 5.5 0.264 3.17 12.68 24 1.731 6.0 0.289 3.45 13.88 i _produced 112 ) - go MT-PWHD-004663 6-14 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Corrections for Temperature, Moisture and Elevations Fan tables, exhaust volume requirements and resistance charts assume standard atmospheric conditions. These assumptions fix the air density at 0.075 pounds per cubic foot. Where appreciable variation occurs the change in air density must be considered. Factors for increased temperatures and increased elevations are listed in the Density Correction Factor Table on Figure 6-14. As noted, correction for temperatures between 40 F and 100 F and/or elevations between -1000 feet and +1000 feet are seldom required with the permissible variations in usual exhaust system design. It is helpful to remember that a centrifugal exhauster connected to a given system will exhaust the same VOLUME regardless of air density. The pounds at air moved, however, will be a function of the density, as will the pressure developed and horsepower consumed. Variable Temperature and/or Different Elevation--Normal Moisture: Assume an exhauster connected to a given system and capable of moving 10,000 cfm of standard air through that system. If the standard air enter ing the exhaust hoods was subsequently heated to 600 F before entering the exhauster, the volume would be 10,000 cfm at 600 F. The volume at this temperature would contract to 5,000 cfm at 70 F, reducing the inflow of air to the hoods to 50 per cent of the original volume. In like manner, move the exhaust system handling standard air from sea level to an elevation of 5,500 feet above sea level. The exhauster would still handle 10,000 cfm but the pounds of air would be reduced to 81 per cent of the weight of standard air. Where high temperatures or elevations are encountered, corrections from standard air data can be made as follows: Increase exhaust volumes by reciprocal of density factor to keep the same pounds of air as those for standard conditions moving into the hood to prevent dust escaping. Size branch and main ducts, calculate pressure losses and select fan as if corrected volumes were for standard air. This procedure will arrive at the correct si2e of fan and RPM. Horsepower and pressure losses throughout the system will decrease directly as the density factor. --Elevated Moisture: When air temperature is under 100 F, no correction for humidity is necessary. When air temperature exceeds 100 F and moisture content is greater than 0.02# H2O per pound of dry air, correction is required to determine fan operating RPM and horsepower. Correction factors may be read from the psychrometric charts, Section 13. The following example illustrates the effect of elevated moisture and temperature and the method of calculation: Example 6: ) I i i ) ) i Given: The exit volume from a 60" x 24' dryer is 16,000 scfm plus removed moisture. Exhaust air tem perature is 500 F. The dryer delivers 60 tons/hr of dried material with capacity to remove 5% moisture. Required suction at the dryer hood is -2.0" wg; minimum conveying velocity must be 4000 fpm. It has been determined that the air pollution control system should include a cyclone for dry product re covery and a high energy wet collector. These devices have the following operating characteristics: Cyclone: Pressure drop is 4.5" wg at rated volume of 35,000 scfm. As with all cyclones, pressure drop across cyclone varies directly with density and as the square of volume handled. High Energy Wet Scrubber: The manufacturer has determined that a pressure drop of 20" wg is required in order to meet existing air pollution regulations and has sized the collector accordingly. The humidifying efficiency of the wet collector is 90%. Fan: A size #34 "XTZ* fan with the following performance rating has been recommended. \\ 1 1 t 1 MT-PWHD-004664 DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-15 Fan size Id* 34 Inlet diameter 34' Max. safe rpm 1700 OFM 20* sp 22" SP 24" SP 26" SP 28* SP 30" SP 32" SP 34* SP 36* SP 38" SP 40" SP VOLUME RPM BHP RPM BHP RPM BHP RPM BHP RPM BHP RPM BHP RPM BHP RPM BHP RPM BHP HPM BHP RPM BHP 14688 16524 18360 1171 73.3 1225 81.4 1277 89.8 1326 98.3 1374 107 1421 116 1466 125 1510 134 1552 143 1594 153 1634 162 1181 81.8 1234 90.2 1286 98.8 1335 107 1382 116 1428 126 1472 135 1516 145 1557 155 1600 165 1639 175 1191 90.2 1244 99.5 1294 108 1344 118 1391 127 1437 137 1481 146 1524 157 1565 167 1606 178 1645 188 20196 22032 23868 1204 99.9 1256 109 1306 119 1354 129 1400 139 1446 149 1490 160 1532 170 1574 181 1615 191 1654 202 1217 110 1268 120 1318 130 1366 141 1412 151 1456 162 1499 173 1542 184 1584 196 1624 207 1663 218 1230 120 1282 131 1331 142 1378 154 1424 165 1468 176 1511 187 1553 199 1594 211 1633 223 1672 235 25704 27540 29376 1245 131 1296 143 1345 155 1391 167 1437 179 1481 191 1524 203 1565 215 1606 227 1645 239 1683 252 1261 143 1311 156 1359 168 1406 181 1450 193 1494 206 1537 219 1578 232 1618 245 1658 258 1695 271 1277 156 1327 169 1374 182 1421 196 1465 209 1508 222 1550 236 1591 249 1631 263 1670 277 31212 33048 34864 1295 170 1344 1313 164 1361 1331 { 198 1379 164 1391 198 1407 214 1425 197 1436 213 1453 229 14G9 211 1480 225 1523 239 1564 253 1605 268 1644 282 1683 297 228 1496 242 1538 257 1580 272 1620 287 1659 302 1697 317 !2L245 1513 260 1555 276 1595 291 1635 l 1674 009 ______ _____ ____ _____ Required: Size the ductwork and select fan RPM and motor size. Solution: Step 1. Find the actual gas volume that must be exhausted from the dryer. This volume must include both the air used for drying and the water, as vapor, which has been removed from the product. Since it is actual volume, it must be corrected to represent temperature and pressure which exist in the duct. Step 1A. Find the amount (weight) of water vapor exhausted. Dryer Discharge = 60 tons/hr of dried material (given) Since the dryer has capacity to remove 5% moisture Dryer Discharge = (0.95) (dryer feed) 60 tons/hr dried material = (0.95) (dryer feed) dryer feed = 60 tons/hr = 63.2 tons/hr 0.95 Moisture removed = (feed rate) - (discharge rate) = 63.2 tons/hr - 60 tons/hr = 6400 lbs/hr or 106.6 lbs/min Step IB. Find the amount (weight) of dry air exhausted. Dry air exhausted = 16,000 scfm 70 F and 29.92" Hg (given) Dry air at 70 F and 29.92" Hg weighs 0.075 lbs/cu ft (page XI) Exhaust rate, lbs/min = (16,000 scfm) (0.075 lbs/cu ft) = 1200 lbs/min dry air Step 1C. Knowing the water to dry air ratio and the temperature of the mixture, it is possible to determine other qualities of the air to water mixture. This can be accomplished by the use of the Psychrometric Chart (see Appendix) which is a most useful tool when working with humid air. lbs of water lbs of dry air _ ~ 106.6 lbs H20/min 1200 lbs dry air/min = 0.089 lbs H20/lbs dry air Dry bulb temperature = 500 F (given) The intersection of the 500 F dry bulb temperature line and the 0.089 lbs H20/lb dry air line can be located on the Psychrometric Chart. This point, Point #1, completely defines the quality of the air and water mixture. Other data relative to this specific mixture can be read as follows: Dew Point, F Wet Bulb Temperature Humid volume, cu ft/lb of dry air Enthalpy, BTU/lb of dry air Density factor, d 122 F 145 F 27.5 cu ft/lb dry air 235 BTU/lb dry air 0.53 PRODUCED JM - #27 MT-PWHD-004665 6-16 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION ) 1 200 900 DRY BULB TEMPERATURE, F PSYCHROMETRIC CHART FOR HUMID AIR (See Appendix, page 0-/6J Step ID. Find actual gas volume, acfm Exhaust Volume, acfm = (humid volume) (weight of dry air/min) Humid volume, hv, was found in Step 1C as 27.5 cu ft/lb Weight of dry air/min was found in Step IB as 1200 lb/min Exhaust volume, acfm = (27.5 cu ft/lb) (1200 lb/min) = 33,000 acfm Step 2. The first line of the calculation sheet can now be completed. Minimum conveying velocity of 4000 fpm was given. Suction at the dryer of -2.0* wg corresponds to hood suction. Step 3. Calculate resistance from A to B and determine static pressure at Point B (see second line of calculation sheet). It is noted on Figures 6-15 and 6-luB that the loss is based on standard air with a density factor of one (1.0). Pressure loss varies directly with the density and must, therefore, be corrected to represent actual pressure loss at actual air density. Density factor was determined in Step 1C. Step 4. The pressure loss of the cyclone is calculated on the third line of the calculation sheet. As advised by the cyclone manufacturer, the cyclone pressure loss is 4.5" at rated flow of 35,000 scfm. The pres sure loss through cyclone, as with ductwork, varies as the square of the volume and directly with density. Step 5. The calculation from Point C to D is the same as from A to B in Step 3. Step 6. An important characteristic of wet collectors is their ability to humidify a gas stream. The humidifi cation process is generally assumed to be adiabatic or without gain or loss of heat to the surroundings. Therefore, water vapor is added to the mixture but the enthalpy, BTU/lb dry air, remains unchanged. During the humidification process the point on the Psychrometric Chart that describes the mixture moves to the left, along a line of constant enthalpy, toward saturation where no more water vapor can be added. All wet collectors do not have the same ability to humidify. If a collector is capable of taking an air stream to complete adiabatic saturation, it is said to have a humidifying efficiency of 100%. The effi ciency of a given device to humidify may be expressed by either of the following equations: (tt - tQ) x 100 Humidifying Efficiency, % = where t. = dry bulb temperature at collector inlet t = dry bulb temperature at collector outlet t = adiabatic saturation temperature I I I ) MT-PWHD-004666 DESIGN PROCEDURE Humidifying Efficiency, % = w _ i " Ws where W. = weight of HgO, in H^O/lb dry air at inlet Wq = weight of HgO, in H^O/lb dry air at outlet W = weight of H.O, in H,0/lb dry air at adiabatic saturation condition S it it Step 6A, Find the quality of the air to water mixture at Point 2, the collector outlet. Humidifying Efficiency = 90% (given) Dry Bulb Temperature at Collector Inlet = 500 F (given) Adiabatic saturation temperature = 145 F from inspection of Psychrometric Chart 6-17 to = 180 F Then the air leaving the collector will have a dry bulb temperature of 180 F and an enthalpy of 235 BTU/lb of dry air as the humidifying process does not change the total heat or enthalpy. The intersection, on the Psychrometric Chart, of 180 F dry bulb and 235 BTU/lb dry air defines the quality of the air leaving the collector and allows other data to be read from the chart as follows: Dew Point Temperature, F Wet Bulb Temperature, F H4JUu1m4J4idU VTUo1luUmUIeC, cbUu fUt/libU dU.ry air Enthalpy, BTU/lb dry air Density Factor, d 143 F 145 F 20.5 cu ft/lb dry air 235 BTU/lb dry air 0.76 Step 7. What is exhaust volume, acfm, and density factor, d, at collector outlet? Step 7A. Exhaust Volume, acfm = (humid volume) (weight of dry air/min) Humid Volume from Step 6 is 20.5 cu ft/lb dry air Weight of dry air/min from Step IB is 1200 Ibs/min Volume = (20.5 cu ft/lb) (1200 Ibs/min) = 24,6000 acfm Line DE can now be completed on the calculation sheet. Step 7B. On low pressure exhaust systems, where the negative pressure at the fan inlet is less than 20" wg, the effect of the negative pressure is usually ignored. However, as pressures decrease, or the magnitude of negative pressures increase, it is understood that gases expand to occupy a larger volume. Unless this larger volume is anticipated and the fan sized to handle the larger volume, it will have the effect of reducing the amount of air that is pulled into the hood at the beginning of the system. From charac- teristic equation PQ = WRT, the pressure volume relationship of P^ derived. = Pj Qg or has been z W1 Up to this point the air has been considered to be at standard atmospheric pressure which is 14.7 PSI, 29.92w Hg or 407" wg. The pressure within the duct at Point E is -24.4" wg and minus or negative only in relation to the pressure outside the duct which is 407" wg. Therefore, the absolute pressure within the duct is 407" wg - 24.4" wg = 382.6" wg. 407" wg ______^2 382.6" wg 24,600 acfm Qj = 26,200 acfm MT-PWH D-004667 6-18 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION PW Step 7C. Pressure also affects the density of the air. From PQ = WRT the relationship = =j- can be p2 w2 derived. W, if expressed as density, lb/cu ft is directly proportional to the density factor and the equa- P1 dl tion can be re-written = -j-. *2 a2 ift" 0 Substitute ggj-g = (d was determined to be 0.76 in Step 6) d =0.71 Step 8. Calculate the resistance from fan discharge F to stack discharge G (see calculation sheet). Again, the resistance must be corrected to represent the actual duct density. Since the air is now on the fan discharge, the pressure is very near atmospheric and both volume and density factor are what they were before the correction for negative pressure. Step 9. Determine actual fan static pressure. Step 10. Determine equivalent fan static pressure in order to enter fan rating table. Equivalent fan static pressure is determined by dividing actual fan static pressure by the density factor corresponding to density at fan inlet. This is necessary since fan rating tables are based on standard air. Step 11. Select fan from rating table. Step 12. Horsepower read from table corresponds to the requirement if density at fan inlet were 0.075 lbs/cu ft. Since actual density is less, operating horsepower is determined by multiplying by density factor. If a damper is installed in the ductwork to prevent overloading of the motor at cold start the motor need only be a 200 HP. ' NOTE: Steps 6 and 7 which involve calculation of changes in volume, density, etc., across the wet col lector should be provided by the equipment manufacturer. Equivalent Foot Method Calculation Shoot PaCt*mBoe 4ofSr ngvfrno: ti'Ch-go* 49902 Location \ Refer to; Beveten- Temperem Fador-- Department i i1 ' \ Z -! 3 ! 4 5|6 7 1 6 j s 1 o \ tt ! e 'a m i S 6 ! 17 e 8\ \\ \Fram ' $ecnoo _____ U5-J____ \ j Ran 'Cat 7 \ From Cot tOiCct tt' From Fern ' too \catt3 \CattS \Fg pOjs Fg H tOC \Cat6 F* pits ' tones pits etjunction ! 6-n cot9 :6-/5 I a e-to Cana Cans tcot.ts ' 'Moot Oo 1Or or duct \mow> pin \Areoktme ! Area \--9FM....... duct ' in i in so tf Match mom Length at duct n toot vet i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ate.r gauge o> Mnudit Number of ; guv j total per at FPM nee elbowsentres to&h length too ! rw \6-t6 tesetance e> nones -Ul OWf ^motor static . gov corrected VP tosCVP)suOfVPk suet jress. SP . CFM , b300G < 20S li.ic 2.C Step C. 2 AS 36 i 7.88; &300C 14200 : 30 :1-9C ! : 68 ! 96 i 0.46; 0.47 JStej,,.!? 1 Resistance corrected for density i(0.ll) (0.76) c10.06 -f- Actual Fan SP SPout - SPIn - VPIn 0.08- - (-24.41") - 0.77" 24.49" - 0.77" 23.72 Equivalent far. SP * Actual PSP 23.7 33,4- Select fan jfor 2820C (vqiuae at farinlet) and IFSP of 33.S , Interpolation of plating taile yields RPHj* 155t, BH7 * 711 Operating horsepower * Vhp faoo fan table) (d)j <217 BHP) (0.7i; 54 SHP (hot). ,'Steg 0? Step 410 Step 112 1130 DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-19 Air Cleaning Equipment Dusts, fumes and toxic or corrosive gases should not be discharged to the atmosphere. Each exhaust sys tem handling such materials should be provided with an adequate air cleaner as outlined in Section 11. The exhaust fan should be located on the clean air side of such equipment. An exception is in the use of cyclone cleaners where the hopper discharge is not tightly sealed and better performance is obtained by putting the fan ahead of the collector. Fan Static Pressure Exhaust system calculations made on the calculation sheet are based on static pressure; that is, all hood static pressures and balancing or governing pressures at the duct junctions are given as static pressures which can be measured directly as described in Section 9. Most industrial exhauster rating tables are based on Fan Static Pressure which cannot be read directly from the calculation sheet. A simple additional calcula tion is required to determine Fan Static Pressure before selecting the exhaust fan. Fan total pressure is the increase in total pressure through or across the fan and can be expressed by the equation: Fan TP = TPoutlet. - TP.in,let. The Air Moving and Conditioning Association Test Code (28) defines the Fan Static Pressure as follows: the static pressure of the fan is the total pressure diminished by the fan velocity pressure. The fan velocity pressure is defined as the pressure corresponding to the air velocity at the fan outlet. Fan Static Pressure can be expressed therefore by the equation: Fan SP = Fan TP - VP.Fan Outlet TPoutlet - TPinlet VPoutlet Since TP = SP + VP, the equation can be re-written: Fan SP = (SPoutlet + VPou.t.let.) - (SP.inl,et, + VP.inl,eJt - VPou.tl.e.t Combining terms leads to a final equation: Fan SP = SPoutlet - SP.in.let. - VP.inl,et. A few fan manufacturers base catalog ratings on total pressure. To select a fan on this basis the Fan Total Pressure is calculated as follows: Fan TP = TPoutlet - TPi.nle. t* = (SPou.t.let. + VPoutlet .) - (SPi.nl.et. + VPi.nl.etJ In selecting a fan from catalog ratings, the rating tables should be examined to determine whether they are based on Fan Static Pressure or Fan Total Pressure. The proper pressure can then be calculated bearing in mind the proper signs; i.e., VP is always positive (+), SP inlet is usually negative (-) and SP outlet is usually positive (+). Evase Discharge: An evase discharge is a gradual enlargement at the outlet of the exhaust system (see Figure 10-9). The purpose of the evase is to reduce the air discharge velocity efficiently; thus, the available velocity pressure can be regained and credited to the exhaust system instead of being wasted. Practical con siderations usually limit the construction of an evase to approximately a 10 angle (5 side angle) and a dis charge velocity of about 2000 fpm (0.25" velocity pressure) for normal exhaust systems. Further streamlining or lengthening the evase gives diminishing returns. It should be noted, however, that for optimum vertical dispersion of contaminated air many designers feel that the discharge velocity from the stack should not be less than 3000-3500 fpm. When these considerations prevail, the use of an evase is questionable. Example 7 indicates the application of the evase fitting. It is not necessary to locate the evase directly after the outlet of the fan. It should be noted that, depending upon the evase location, the static pressure at the fan discharge may be below atmospheric, i.e., negative (-), as shown in this example. Example 7: Duct No. 1 Fan Inlet 2 Fan Discharge = 16-1/2X19-1/2 3 Round Duct Connection 4 Evase Outlet Dia. 20 20 28 Q 8300 V 3800 3765 3800 1940 VP 0.90" 0.88" 0.90" 0.23" SP 7.27" 0" To calculate the effect of the evasfe, see Figure 6-6. MT-PWHD-004fifi9 6-20 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Where: the Diameter Ratio, 4 3 28" = 1.4 and Taper length gL = 40" = 2. R = 0.52 (Fig. 6-6) x 70% SP. = 0 VP* = 0.5 as given (Since the evase is within 5 diameters of the fan outlet) (Since the end of the duct is at atmospheric pressure) SP4 = SP3 - R (VP3) 0 = SP3 - 0.52 x 0.70 (0.90") SP3 = -0.33" Exhaust Stack Outlets The type and location of exhaust stacks are important to permit good dispersion of contaminated air from exhaust systems, even when an efficient air cleaner is used. Poor discharge conditions result in low-level contamination which can re-enter the building due to wind effect (building turbulence), negative pressure, or the action of mechanical air supply systems. Figures 6-22 and 8-3 illustrate the principles of good stack design; Figure 6-23 shows the influence of building turbulence and stack height. Whenever there is doubt about the proper height and location of outlets, simple observations and tests with smoke candles will be helpful in determining air flow pattern across the building roof. Air Bleed-ins: Bleed-ins are used at the ends of branch ducts to provide additional air volumes to trans port heavy material loads as in woodworking at saws and jointers or at the ends of a main duct to maintain minimum transport velocity when the system has been oversized deliberately to provide for future extension. Some designers use bleed-ins also to introduce additional air to an exhaust system to reduce air temperature or dew point and to assist in balancing the system. Calculation of bleed-in size: Blood in ) I i ) I (Btroranntidiatiodducotpofrraotmtcn End cop blood in End cap bleed-in. Consider as an orifice, Fig. 6-10; he = 1.78 VP 1. Calculate SP for branch duct to junction (X). 2. Determine air volume in main duct according to design or future capacity or determine Q bleed-in directly from temperature or moisture considerations. 3. Q bleed-in = (Q main duct) - (Q branch). 4. SP bleed-in = SP branch as calculated. 5. VP, bleed-in = SP bleed-in he + VP " SP 1.78 + 1.0 SP 2.78 6. Velocity, bleed-in from VP and Fig. 6-16. 7. Area bleed-in Q Bleed-in V Bleed-in Plenum Type Exhaust Systems Plenum type systems differ from the designs illustrated earlier in methods A and B. Minimum transport velocities are maintained only in the branch ducts to prevent settling of particulate matter; the main duct is oversized and velocities are allowed to decrease far below normal values. The function of the main duct is to provide a low resistance path for air flow from the various branches to the air cleaner on the fan. This helps to maintain balanced exhaust in all of the branches and often provides a minimum operating horsepower Advantages of the plenum type exhaust system include: 1. Branch ducts can be added, removed or relocated at any convenient point along the main duct. 2. Branch ducts can be closed off and the air volume in the entire system reduced so long as minimum transport velocities are maintained in the remaining branches. 3. The main duct can act as a primary separator (settling chamber) for large particulate matter and re fuse material which might be undesirable in the air cleaner or fan. Limitations of this design include: 1. Sticky, linty materials such as buffing dust are difficult to handle and tend to clog the main duct. It may be expected that greatest difficulty will be encountered with the drag chain type of cleaning but the other types will be susceptible to build-up also. 1132 I 1 MT-PWHD-004670 C_I-- DESIGN PROCEDURE Size for balance and transport velocity. Branch duds- 6-21 Collector TAPER DUCT SYSTEM Maintains transport velocity Space collectors and fans to keep plenum -- size as small as practical. To belt drive fan. \ Air enters fabric collectors To fan Hopper of dry collectors can discharge into duct. Air lock if required. Branch ducts EXTENDED PLENUM SYSTEM Seif cleaning type AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PLENUM vs CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM DATE 1-70 Fig. 6-7 uen 113g'6f MT-PWHD-004671 6-22 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION i I / Self cleaning main -- drag chain 2. Self cleaning main -hell conveying I ) I 3. Under floor-manual cleaning 4. Large plenum- manual cleaning ) 1 Hopper I i 5. Hopper duct - with pneumatic cleaning Reference 89 AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS TYPES OF PLENUMS DATE h70 Fig. 6-8 U34 jSu^o I ) ) ) ) MT-PWHD-004672 DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-23 2. Materials which are subject to direct or spontaneous combusion must be handled with care. Wood dust has been handled successfully in systems of this type; buffing dust and lint are subject to this limitation and are not recommended. Explosive dusts such as magnesium and titanium as well as grain dusts should not be handled in systems of this type. 3. The cost of these systems is somewhat higher than conventional designs, ranging approximately 25fl 50^ per cfm additional. Choice of Systems; Various types of plenum exhaust systems are used in industry, including both self cleaning and manual-cleaning designs. Self-cleaning types include pear-shaped designs which incorporate a drag chain conveyor in the bottom of the duct to convey the dust to a chute, tote box, or enclosure for disposal. Another self-cleaning design uses a rectangular main with a belt conveyor. In these types, the conveyors may be run continuously or on periodic cycles to empty the main duct before considerable build-up and clogging occurs. A third type (Reference 89) of self-cleaning design utilizes a standard conveying main duct system to remove the collected material from a hopper type of main duct above. Such a system is usually run continuously to avoid clogging of the pneumatic air circuit. Manual cleaning designs may be built into the floor as shown in Figure 6-9 or may be large enclosures behind the equipment to be ventilated. Experience indicates that these should be generously oversized, particularly the underfloor designs, to permit added future exhaust capacity, if needed, as well as convenient housekeeping intervals. Design: Control air volumes, hoods and duct sizes for all branches are calculated in the same manner as with methods A and B. The branch run of greatest resistance will govern the static pressure required in the main duct. Other branches will be designed to operate at this static pressure or locking dampers can be used to adjust their resistance to the same static pressure as the governing branch. Where the main duct is relatively short or where the air cleaners or fans can be spaced along the duct, static pressure losses due to air flow in the main duct can be ignored. For extremely long ducts, it is necessary to calculate the static pressure drop along the main in a manner similar to that used in methods A and B. Approximate results only will be obtained, however. Duct connections to air cleaners, fans and discharge to outside are handled in the normal manner. Optimum Economic Velocity In systems which are intended to carry dust, a minimum conveying velocity is necessary to insure that the dust will not settle in the duct. Also, when a system is installed in a quiet area it may be necessary to keep velocities below some maximum to avoid excessive duct noise. When axial flow fans are used, duct velocities of 1000 to 1500 fpm are preferred. In a gas or vapor exhaust system installed in a typical factory environment where none of these restrictions apply, the velocity may be selected to yield the lowest annual cost. To determine the optimum economic velocity, the system must first be designed at any assumed velocity and the total initial costs of duct material, fabrication and installation estimated. (97) This optimum economic velocity may range from under 2000 fpm to over 4000 fpm. Long expected service periods and system operating times tend to lower the optimum while high interest rates and ductwork costs tend to raise the optimum. In general a velocity of 2500-3000 fpm will not result in equivalent total annual costs much in excess of the true optimum. Computer Design of Exhaust Systems A computer program has been written to design balanced industrial exhaust systems. The input consists of data obtained from the system layout plan and from the VS diagrams (Section 5). The program sizes all ducts, calculates losses and balances junctions either duct resizing or flow adjustment. The printed out put gives the values for each duct in a format similar to that of the velocity pressure method. All values are recalculated to represent actual finished system conditions rather than interim design values. This program can be adapted to any computer using a FORTRAN type language, having a 4K or larger memory and some peripheral memory such as tape, disc or drum. For further information write the Com mittee on Industrial Ventilation, P. O. Box 453, Lansing, Michigan, 48902. Velocity Pressure Method of Calculation The Velocity Pressure Method is an alternate method of duct design. This method has several advantages over the Equivalent Length Method illustrated in the first examples. It is generally more rapid and offers the advantage of quick recalculation of branch duct sizes for balanced exhaust system design. The method is based on the fact that all frictional and dynamic losses in exhaust ducts and hoods are di rectly proportional to the Velocity Pressure. Loss factors for hoods, straight ducts, elbows, branch entries, weather caps and many other fittings are well known and are established in terms of the velocity pressure. Thus it is necessary to establish only one value for elbows and fittings in starting the design. As a con venience, losses for elbows and entries are presented on the calculation form. MT-PWHD-004673 ! F or S /otQ Plenum hoods only 1--1--1--1--t- t------ 6-24 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION For use with this method a new "friction chart* based on Velocity Pressure loss per 100 feet of straight duct has been prepared. From this chart it is possible to obtain friction loss in VP/100 ft, velocity and duct diameter for the design air volume. (See Figure 6-17.) The velocity pressure method follows the general procedure outlined on page 6-1 except that the Velocity Pressure calculation sheet, Figure 6-9, is used. Since the method is based on the same principles of air flow and the same established data, there will be no significant difference in the results obtained by either this method or the equivalent length method. Velocity Pressure Method Calculation Sheet Plant name Ex ample Problems 142 Elevation ________ Date ___________ Catcuinted 17450 cfm location.......... ................................. ....... TemperatureRefer k> Howi>gIl3clElsZ?fSd conditions)_Zz2ZS SP" Department Foundry ____ Factor Designer . JCB_ . _________ _ TP"... / Branch or Man duct number 2 Air vottsne cfm Example.ProDjem 1 390 TxampTi >lfi STT-TT 1 r? 5IBo _ $6 7fir mo 3_ Slot area so. ft 10 4_ Sot velocity fpm 960 Remarks ----------... 1-A' 9600 10 960 A-C 11420 S_ Slot VP Fig 6-16 m H.0 e_ Sot entry loss factor Pig. 6-IO 0.06 1778 0.06 1.78 7_ Acceleration factor e Plenum Loss factor 9 Plenum SP to Bratch duct da // Branch duct area !2 Branch duct velocity IS Branch duct VP 14 Straight dud length IS Straight duct friction 16 Straight duct toss factor 17 Hood entry loss factor LOO VP Item 6*7 Hem 5X8 n H,0 inches sg ft. fpm Fig ,n HsQ ft Fig. 6"fT VP/tOO Item /4ns Sections 3 Pig 6-IO 4 .0873 4470 1.25 10 6.9 0.69 .65 4 1/2 o.m 3510 0.77 20 6.2 1.24 &\ 1.7b" 0.11 22 7 2.64 .267 3630 3590 0.82 0.80 13 3 0.85 3.5 0.11 0.11 0.25 0.25 6 .196 3570 0.79 4 4.2 0.17 .25 f9i 1.78^ 0.11 9 18 .442 1.77 3940 5425 .97 1.83 18 13 2.6 1.05 0.47 .14 .25 24 3.14 3640 .82 34 .75 .26 m Acceleration factor LOO VP 19 Elbow Ibss footer No * factor Pig. 6-!2 20 Entry toss factor Fig 6-3 2/ Special fittings 1.00 10 Expansion 1.00 1.00 1.00 _ 1.00 0.27 .18 ~\45<3 .54 .27 .18 .18 .18 Fiq 6-7 i 7a-0 500 5 .136 3670 .84 5 5.3 .27 1.0 1.0 22 Duct loss factor 23 Duct SP loss 2d Other tosses 25 Branch or Mon SP toss 2 Governing SP at junction 27 Corrected air volume* Total of 16 to 2! item 13*22 in. HtO mHtO Item 9+23*24 n HtO in. HtO cfm 2.34 1.24 2.92 0.96 2.65 0.96 3.61 1.63 1.72 2.05 1.34 1.38 1.62 1.45 1.38 1.62 1.62 - 1040 1.19 1.66 1.1 3.04 .oqS/i 2.86^ 3.15 *=. -3.15 1820 .26 2.27 .21 .1.91 3.36 IJ -9^Tl Ocoe, : Osucr JsFmt FanSP- SPout - SPin - VPin PonSP. 0.07 - (-8.16) - .40 * 7.83" I SPc*SPb+R(VPB- VPC) *(-) 2.92+. 515(1.25-. 77) *(-) 2.92+.2 1 (-) 2.65 en ter as tem 25 Due to design, pSlenloutmVp -- is not lost, Take ac celerat Ion -- at branctTW (Item 1 8) BJ VP Is higher than in connecting branches Increase * 1.4 8 - .77 .71" 'Zj) Hood static pressure items[9 * 13x(I7*iqD **Ttus value usefd for testing See Section 9 2.06 1.06 0.99 2.29 1.68 Comerutftt on industrial Ventilation PO Bom 453 Utntmg, Michigan 49902 Figure 6-9 i I ) } ! i j I * i I ) ! I } 1 %Vs 1136J4.83 MT-PWHD-004674 DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-25 When some specialized exhaust hoods are used (slot hoods and hoods having a double entry loss), it is necessary to make a separate calculation of the slot loss since this may occur at a different velocity than that established in the branch duct. For these hoods, a special section of the calculation sheet is used; for simple exhaust hoods, this step is not necessary. To gain familiarity with this method of calculation, the designer is urged to compare the example prob lems worked out both in the Equivalent Length Method (Figures 6-1, 6-2, 6-3 and 6-4) and in the Velocity Pressure Method (Figure 6-9). M -Q 90* ELBOW t P Lots, froettofi of VP t.S 2D 0o..3z9r V _ 2-5 0.22 60sfbow* 2/3 /oss ENTfrr Art&sO D ts 30 45 Loss, fnehon 0.0019VP 0J9 0.28 " 1 1 O 5-0 D-C C-E 8-F 9-F F-G JbzS F`-G'_ G-E 1E-H 10-J 112-0 13614-, J-H H-K inlet L 1200 500 1700 500 1700 2200 15090 ^225H 900 1225 2125 17400 17400 17400 6 .196 3570 0.79 7 4.2 .29 .25 1.0 .27 .18 8 .349 3640 .82 14 2.9 .41 .45 .18 26 3.69 3470 .75 6.5 .69 .04 8 .349 3440 .74 11 3.0 .33 .50 1.00 .54 5 .136 3670 .84 4 5.3 .21 .25 1.00 .45 .18 9 .442 3850_ .92^ 5 2.6 .13 5 .136 3670 .84 15 5.3 .80 1.00 1.00 .18 .18 8 .349 4870 _. 1.48 5 2.8 .14 10 28 .545 4.28 4030 3530 1.01 .78 6 3.5 2.2 , .68 .13 .02 .18 .18, 8 .349 3500 .76 6 2.9 .17 .25 1.00 .14 6 ,196 4590 ..1.31 2.5 4.1 .10 .25 1.00 .09 .18 7 .267 4590 1.31 6 3.4 .20 .25 1.00 .14 10 .545 3900 .95 8 2.2 .18 .45 .18 30 4.91 3540 .78 9 .58 .05 .27 35 1/; 6.87 2530 .40 32 5.59 3120 .61 20 .55 .11 1.99 1.04 1.57 .85 1.57 2.76 J1.91 _,3.36 m___ 1400 .04 2.37 2.09 .03 ' 1 .75 1 .75 3.39 V 1.75 1.76 1.76OK .13 3.16 .14 .49 .02 .17 -- JL^, ___-50___ J2 . .71* 2.03 2.6^ 2.68 3.18 3.41 2.68* > s3.39 2270 1.56 1.62 1.59 1.19 2.12 2.08 .81 .77 1.19**; 2.12 2.08 2.89 2.12 2.12 .3.41 - 0K"" "2310 .32 .25 3.66 4.5 8.16 .11 .02 87IT Typical: 1-90 elbow * .27 1-60 elbow * .18 775" VP VP is higher than in connecting branches. See text. , VP2-3* (Q2+Q3)^ Increase*.97"-.88" *. .09" (0 Branch 1-A requires 1.45"SP at jet A Branch B-A requires 2.90"SP at jet A Resize 1-A Trial VP* Gov. SP *2.90*1.78 Branch Loss Factor 1.63 Trial velocity * 5343 fpm , Trial duct areaQ*9600*l.8 ft* Y 53*3 Closest std. duct size * 18"* --------- VP is higher than in connecting branches. See text. VP .77" Increase * .92-.77*.15" Branch F-G requires 2.03" SP at jet G Branch 7b-G requires 2.66"SP at jet G Resize branch F-G 0.99 i i.n 11.05~ 1.64 1.64 5 MT-PWHD-004675 6-26 2- h. O.tJV* PLAIN DUCT END (,071 h,- 0.50 VP DIRECT BRANCH- BOOTH C. *0.82 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 3h.- 0.4WVW FLANGED DUCT END c, o.u ha I 7* VP omFICC SHARP-EDGED ORIFICE e o.u Z3- hs 2.3 VP DUCT,(WHEN DUCT VELOCITY SCOT VELOCITY) BETTE* 1.79 VP ORIFICE * 0 49 VP DUCT ORIFICE PLUS FLANGED DUCT (HMIY SLOT TYPES) Ca'O.SS (WHEN DUCT VELOCITY a SLOT VELOCITY) ENTRY LOSS ENTRY COEFFICIENT X ROtmo RECTANGULAR ROUND RECTANGULAR IS 0.15 VP 0.2S VP 0.93 0.99 30 0.00 VP 0. 16 VP 0.96 0.93 5 o.oe vp 0.15 VP 0.97 0.03 80 0.00 VP 0.17 VP 0.96 0.92 90 0.IS VP 0.2S VP 0.93 0.89 ISO 0.2s VP 0.35 VP 0.09 0.86 ISO 0.40 VP 0.40 VP 0.94 0.62 h, 0.09 VP TO O.IOVP BOOTH PLUS ROUNDED ENTRANCE c, o.sr STANDARD GRINDER HOOO C,* 0.79 1- REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION FR 'INDUSTRIAL HEALTH ENGINEERING* ST A. 0. BRANDT, PUSl!SHED ST JOHN UllCY AND SONS. INC. 1.10 H,. 1.0 VP DOUBLE (inner coho HOOD C, O.TO(flN) FLOAEUCACESTTAAH2BCEATAIMAETS fLOaEUcACeST TaA*BCeEaATIMatES Fh ENTRY loss factor y RCC1 ANGL LA* 0 SQUA* i-\ y )/ / It / / llil\\\\\\ A S s' s-- n >UNO ( iftNT -9-*-A-M1-O--T-) EO 40 SO SO >00 ISO >40 100 ISO , INCLUDED ANSLE IN DEMEES TAPERED HOODS HANGED OR UNFLANGED; ftCUNO. SOUARC OR RECTAlSULAR. IS THE MAJOR ANCLE ON RECTANGULAR NOOOS. HOOD ENTRY LOSS VP VELOCITY PRESSURE IN DUCT SP * STATIC PRESSURE AT THROAT, INCHES WATER GAGE he ENTRY LOSS, INCHES WATER GAGE Q AIR VOLUME, CFM A CROSS SECTION AT THROAT, SQUARE FEET C^ * COEFFICIENT OF ENTRY ENTRY LOSS FOR COMPLICATED HOOD SHAPES: 1. BREAK HOOD INTO SIMPLE COMPONENTS 2. CALCULATE he FOR EACH COMPONENT 3. ADD VALUES OF he MISCELLANEOUS VALUES HOOD ENTRY LOSS, F. ABRASIVE BLAST CHAMBER ABRASIVE BLAST ELEVATOR ABRASIVE SEPARATOR ELEVATORS (ENCLOSURES) FLANGED PIPE PLUS CLOSED ELBOW PLAIN PIPE PLUS CLOSE ELBOW TUMBLING MILLS (VARIES WITH DESIGN OF MILL) 1.0 2.3 2.3 0.69 0.8 1.60 AV. 2.0 Fig. 6-10 1138 ,(Jce0 83 MT-PWHD-004676 DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-27 EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE IN FEET OF STRAIGHT PIPE 0/3 ZD'/tWi KT (5 Pipe u 9C1Elbow * Cent'er/ine Radius ISO 20D 25D Angle of Entry 30 45 H, No of Diameters l D .75 0 .5 0 3" 5 3 3 4H 6 4 4 2 3 3 2 29 5 2 3 12 5" 9 6" 12 65 76 4 5 6 2 4 16 7 3 5 20 7" 13 97 6 9 3 6 23 8" 15 !0 8 7 1/ 4k 7 26 to" 20 14 // 9 14 5 9 36 12" 25 17 14 II 17 6 H 44 14" 30 21 17 13 21 7 13 53 !6" 36 24 20 16 25 9 15 62 18" 4/ 28 23 18 28 10 18 7/ 20" 46 32 26 24" 57 40 32 30" 74 5/ 4/ 36" 93 64 52 20 32 II 20 80 13 24 92 17 3/ 126 22 39 159 40" 48" 105 130 72 59 89 73 * For 60 elbows -- 0.67x loss for 90 45 elbows-----0. 5 x loss for 90 30 elbows-- 0.33 x loss for 90 AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DUCT DESIGN DATA oat* 1-72 I Fig. 6-/1 MT-PWHD-004677 6-28 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 3 R, No. Of Loss Fraction Diameters of VP 2.75 D 0.26 2.50 D 0.22 2.25 D 0.26 2.00 D 0.27 1.75 D 0.32 1.50 D 0.39 1.25 D 0.55 ROUND ELBOWS D ---w------- - ! R D 0.0(Mitre) 0.5 LO 1.5 2.0 3.0 Loss, Fraction of VP 0.25 i .50 i.36 0.45 0.28 0.24 0.24 Aspect Ratio. W/D 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 i.32 i.!5 1.04 0.92 1.21 1.05 0.95 0.84 0.28 0.21 0.2/ 0.20 0.18 0.13 0.13 0. !2 0.15 0. it O.tt o.to 0.15 O./i O.U O.iO 4.0 0.86 0.79 0.19 0.12 O.iO O.iO SQUARE 8 RECTANGULAR ELBOWS ELBOW LOSSES AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DUCTWORK DESIGN DATA DATE 1-66 Fig. 6-!2 i I \ i f* i i i i i i i i i MT-PWHD-004678 DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-29 -*-2 0min.- Note: Bronch entry bss assumed to occur in branch ond is so calculated. Do not include an enlargement regain calculation for branch entry enlargements. Angle & Degrees K) 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 90 Loss Fraction of VP in Branch 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.2! 0.25 0.28 0.32 0.44 LOO BRANCH ENTRY LOSSES Sleeve H, No. of Diameters LO D 0.75 D 0.70 D 0.65 D 0.60 D 0.55 D 0.50 D 0.45 D Loss Fraction of VP O.IO 0.18 0.22 0.30 0.41 0.56 0.73 LO EATHER CAP LOSSES AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DUCTWORK DESIGN DATA DATE /- 72 Fig. 6-/3 it iff0 MT-PWHD-004679 6-30 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION From Chapter 41, Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning Guide. 1947. Used by Permission. 1 Altitude, ft. -1000 31.02 Wg 422.2 Sea Level 29.92 407.5 Air Temp. -40 F0 40 70 100 ISO 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1.31 1.19 1.10 1.04 .98 .90 .83 .77 .72 .68 .64 .60 .57 .54 .52 .47 .44 .40 .37 1.26 1.15 1.06 1.00 0.9S 0.87 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.62 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.50 0.46 0.42 0.39 0.36 AIR DENSITY CORRECTION FACTOR, d 1000 28.86 392.8 2000 27.82 378.6 3000 26.82 365.0 4000 25.84 351-7 5000 24.90 338.9 6000 23.98 326.4 7000 23.09 314.3 8000 22.22 302.1 9000 21.39 291.1 1.22 1.11 1.02 0.96 0.92 0.84 0.77 0.72 0.67 0.62 0.60 0.56 0.53 0.51 0.48 0.44 0.40 0.37 0.35 1.17 1.07 0.99 0.93 0.88 0.81 0.74 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.49 0.46 0.43 0.39 0.36 0.33 1.13 1.03 0.95 0.89 0.85 0.78 0.71 0.67 0.62 0.58 0.55 0.52 0.49 0.47 0.45 0.41 0.37 0.35 0.32 1.09 0.99 0.92 0.86 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.64 0.60 0.56 0.53 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.31 1.05 0.95 0.88 0.83 0.78 0.72 0.66 0.62 0.58 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.44 0.41 0.38 0.35 0.32 0.30 1.01 0.91 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.69 0.64 0.60 0.56 0.52 0.49 0.46 0-44 0.42 0.40 0.37 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.97 0.89 0.82 0.77 0.73 0.67 0.62 0.58 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.35 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.93 0.85 0.79 0.74 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.56 0.52 0.49 0.46 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.90 0.82 0.76 0.71 0.68 0.62 0.57 0.58 0.50 0.47 0.44 0.42 0.39 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.30 0.28 0.26 10,000 20.58 280.1 0.87 0.79 0.73 0.69 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.51 0.48 0-45 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.25 Standard Air Density, Sea Level, 70 F = 0.075#/ft 3 Fig. 6-14 1142 MT-PWH D-004680 .03 .04 .06 08 .1 DESIGN PROCEDURE .3 4 .6 .8 I 3 4 6 8 10 6-31 .01 .02 .03 .04 .06 .08 .1 .2 .3 .4 .6 .8 I 2 3 4 6 8 10 FRICTION LOSS IN INCHES OF WATER PER 100 FT 0n. Sto?fAi' f ;75.,b P*r cu H demify flowing-tfimugh overage, c/eon, round, go/vonized me/o/ duels having approximately 40 joints per 100 ft.) Caution: Oo not extropo/afe below chart. Friction of Air in Straight Ducts for Volumes of 10 to 2000 Cfm Fig. 6-15A 4' S3 U MT-PWHD-004681 6-32 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION .01 .02 .03 .04 .06 .08 .! .2 .3 .4 .6 .8 I 2 3 4 6 8 10 CU FT OF AIR PER MINUTE FRICTION LOSS IN INCHES OF WATER PER 100 FT (Based on Standard Air of 0.075 lb per eu ft density flowing through average, clean, round, galvanized metal ducts having approximately 40 joints per 100 ft.) Friction of Air in Straight Ducts for Volumes of 1000 to 100,000 Cfm Reprinted from 37th Edition, Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning Guide. 1959, by permission of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Fig. 6-15B 1144 MT-PWH D-004682 1f ( DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-33 ` VELOCITY PRESSURES FOR DIFFERENT VELOCITIES - STANDARD AIR FROM: V = 4005TVP- V = VELOCITY FPM VP = VELOCITY PRESSURE,INCHES OF WATER dt i 1 I I VP V VP 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.51 400 556 694 801 896 981 1060 1133 1201 1266 1328 1387 1444 1498 1551 1602 1651 1699 1746 1791 1835 1879 1921 1962 2003 2042 2081 21 19 2157 2193 2230 2260 2301 2335 2369 2403 2436 2469 2501 2533 2563 2595 2626 2656 2687 2716 2746 2775 2804 2832 2860 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.74 0.75 0.76 0.77 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 V 2888 2916 2943 2970 2997 3024 3050 3076 3102 3127 3153 3179 3204 3229 3254 3279 3303 3327 3351 3375 3398 3422 3445 3468 3491 3514 3537 3560 3582 3604 3625 3657 3669 3690 3709 3729 3758 3779 3800 3821 3842 3863 3884 3904 3924 3945 3965 3985 4005 4025 4045 VP 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 V 4064 4084 4103 4123 4142 4162 4181 4200 4219 4238 4257 4276 4295 4314 4332 4350 4368 4386 4405 4423 4442 4460 4478 4495 4513 4531 4549 4566 4583 4601 4619 4636 4653 4671 4688 4705 4722 4739 4756 4773 4790 4806 4823 4840 4856 4873 4889 4905 4921 4938 4954 VP 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.63 1.64 1 .65 1.66 1.67 1.68 1.69 1.70 1.71 1 .72 1 .73 1.74 1.75 1.76 1.77 1.78 1.79 1.80 1.81 1 .82 1.83 1 .84 1.85 1.86 1.87 1.88 1.89 1 .90 1.91 1.92 1.93 1.94 1.95 1.96 1.97 1.98 1.99 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 V VP 4970 4986 5002 5018 5034 5050 5066 5082 5098 5114 5129 5144 5160 5175 5191 5206 5222 5237 5253 5268 5283 5298 5313 5328 5343 5359 5374 5388 5403 5418 5433 5447 5462 5477 5491 5506 5521 5535 5550 5564 5579 5593 5608 5623 5637 5651 5664 5678 5692 5706 5720 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 V VP V 5734 5748 5762 5776 5790 5804 5817 5831 5845 5859 5872 5886 5899 5913 5927 5940 5954 5967 5981 5994 6008 6021 6034 6047 6061 6074 6087 6100 6113 6128 6140 6153 6166 6179 6192 6205 6217 6230 6243 6256 6269 6282 6294 6307 6320 6332 6458 6581 6702 6820 6937 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.80 3.90 4.00 4.10 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.80 4.90 5.00 5.10 5.20 5.30 5.40 5.50 5.60 5.70 5.80 5.90 6.00 6.10 6.20 6.30 6.40 6.50 6.60 6.70 6.80 6.90 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 13.61 14.00 7051 7164 7275 7385 7492 7599 7704 7807 7909 8010 8109 8208 8305 8401 8496 8590 8683 8774 8865 8955 9044 9133 9220 9307 9392 9477 9562 9645 9728 9810 9891 9972 10052 10132 10210 10289 10366 10444 10520 10596 10968 11328 11676 12015 12344 12665 13283 13874 14440 14775 14986 Fig. 6-16 MT-PWHD-004683 6-34 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION FRICTION LOSS NUMBER OF VP PER 100 F T OF DUCT- MT-PWHD-004684 DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-35 ABBA AND CIRCUMFERENCE OP CIRCLES ............ ... Dlam. " Airr.il I CIRCUMPEIiENCI In Square Square Inches Inches Feet Inches Feet Diaa. in Inches AREA Square Inches Square Feet CIRCUMFERENCE Inches Feet \ .7854 .0054 3-1416 .2618 30 706.8 i 1.767 .0123 4.712 .3927 31 754.7 2 3.14 .0218 6.28 .5236 32 804.2 2 4.910 .0341 7.854 .6544 33 55-3 3 7.07 .0491 9.42 7854 34 907.9 H 9.620 .0668 11.00 .9164 35 962.1 4 12.57 .0873 j 12.57 1.047 36 1017.8 4 15.90 .1105 | 14.14 1.178 37 1075.2 5 19.63 .1364 ! ! 15-71 1.309 38 1134.1 5i 23.76 .1650 1 17.28 1.439 39 1194.5 4.909 5.241 5.585 5-940 6.305 6.611 7.069 7.467 7-876 8.296 94.25 97.39 100.5 103.7 106.8 109.9 113.1 116.2 119.4 122.5 7.854 8.116 8.376 8.639 8.901 9.163 9.425 9.686 9.948 10.21 6 28.27 33.18 7 38.48 ? 44.18 8 50.2? 8* 56.75 9 63*62 9* 70.88 10 78.<4 11 95.03 .1964 .2305 .2673 .3068 .3491 3940 .4418 .4923 .5454 .6600 18.85 20.42 21.99 23-56 25-13 26.70 28.27 29.85 31.42 34.56 1.571 1.702 1.833 1.964 2.094 2.225 2.356 2.487 2.618 2.880 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 1256.6 1320.2 1385.4 1452.2 1520.5 1590.4 1661.9 1734.9 1809.5 1885.7 8.727 9.168 9.621 10.08 10.56 11.04 11.54 12.05 12.57 13.10 125.7 128.8 131.9 135.1 138.2 141.4 144.5 147.6 150.8 153.9 10.4? 10.73 10.99 11.26 11.52 11.78 12.04 12.30 12.57 12.83 12 113.1 13 132.7 14 153.9 15 176.7 16 201.0 17 226.9 18 254.4 19 283.5 20 314.1 21 346.3 .7854 .9218 1.069 1.227 1.396 1.576 1.767 1.969 2.182 2.405 i j : ! ! 37.70 40.84 43.98 47.12 50.26 53-41 56.55 59.69 62.83 65.97 3.142 3.403 3.665 3.927 4.189 4.451 4.712 4.974 5.236 5-498 50 51 52 53 54 56 58 60 62 64 1963-5 2042 2124 2206 2290 2463 2642 2827 3019 3217 13.64 14.19 14.75 15.32 15.90 17.10 18.35 19.63 20.97 22.34 157.1 160.2 163.4 166.5 169-6 175.9 182.2 188.5 194.8 201.1 13.09 13-35 13.61 13.88 14.14 14.66 15.18 15.71 16.33 16.76 22 380.1 23 415.4 24 452.3 25 490.8 26 530.9 27 572.5 28 615.7 66O.5 2.640 69.11 5.760 66 3421 2.885 72.26 6.021 68 3632 3*142 I 75-40 6.283 70 3848 3-409 3-687 78.54 6.545 72 4072 81.68 6.807 74 4301 3-976 4.276 84.82 7.069 76 4536 87.96 7.330 78 4778 4.587 7.592 80 5027 23-76 25.22 26.73 28.2? 29.87 31.50 33*18 34.91 207.3 213.6 219.9 226.2 232.5 238.8 245.0 251.3 17.28 17-80 18.33 18.85 19.37 19.90 20.42 20.94 Fig. 6-18 v*-sls MT-PWHD-004685 6-36 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Bad ELBOW RADIUS . Elbows should be 2 or 81/2 diameters centerline radius except where space does notpermit. w--- A---f ASPECT RATIO Keep AR(^)high in using rectangular duct Vm- Minimum transport velocity. A --Cross section area. PROPER DUCT SIZE Sire the duct to hold the selected Iransport velocity orhigher. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PRINCIPLES OF DUCT DESIGN date 1-66 ] Fig. 6-/9 1148 I MT-PWHD-004686 DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-37 BRANCH ENTRY Branches should enter at gradualexpansions and at an angle of309or less (preferred) to 45 ifnecessary. BRANCH ENTRY Branches should not enter directly opposite each other. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PRINCIPLES OF DUCT DESIGN date 1-66 I Fig. 6-20 MT-PWHD-004687 6-38 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION GOOD Ii I I I FAIR FAN INLET A straight inlet is best: if an elbow inlet is necessary, provide an intet box and duct turn vanes to eliminate air spin or uneven loading of the fan wheel. Inlet boxes should not be used for dust - laden air. BAD AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PRINCIPLES OF DUCT DESIGN DATE 1-66 I Fig. 6-2! i I ) I I I I I I I 1150 MT-PWHD-004688 DESIGN PROCEDURE DUCT ENLARGEMENT 6-39 Afinch change in diameter to every 5 inches in length GOOD DUCT CONTRACTION BAD / inch change in diameter to every 5 inches in length. GOOD BAD STACKHEAD * 2000 51 * 2400 /\ 12 10 n3000 8 n <3 4 2 iO Ci*3 V RIGHT Vertical discharge cap throws upword where dilution will take place. WEATHER CAP WRONG Deflecting weather cap discharges downward. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS PRINCIPLES OF DUCT DESIGN date 9-66 | .' Fig 6-22 MT-PWHD-004689 6-40 (Ref. 87) INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION f i 1 ) i x 8 GOOD High discharge stack relative to building height, air inlet on roof. Low discharge stock relative to budding height, air inlet on roof and watt AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS BUILDING AIR INLETS AND OUTLETS DATE t-66 | Fig- 6-23 E E si- E E C E E E B B %1 MT-PWH D-004690 DESIGN PROCEDURE 6-41 22 21222 a 252252 2 232222 2 252222 2 223222 2 222225 5 222222 s 225232 2 222222 2 222522 2 222222 2 222222 1 232552 2 222252 5 222555 2 222225 5 322225 5 222222 - 222225 S 222222 3 222222 2 222222 2 222222 5 222222 2 222222 2 222222 + 352222 31 2222 22222 2252 2322 22521 32 3222 3235 22252 3221 5232 3215 22325 51 s' Hi 2522 3151 t mi 553 5555 3322 1313 15223 35 1355 1215 2325 3222 22221 222 5331 5125 5225 5112 22122 3333 1313 5553 2222 2225 12222 5 ms 5131 3535 2522 2252 53222 55 1555 5551 5135 5533 2225 23132 555 2213 5511 2212 2355 5522 32222 3333 iiii 1351 2515 2115 3553 53322 J*r 3333 rm 1333 2125 1322 2153 22333 35 5335 im 5135 2221 1252 2223 25223 553 1=25 mi mi 2322 2215 $& 22225 3353 5533 5355 2152 5121 1253 2135 sskes a 3333 3335 iiii 5251 2252 5522 2223 22322 as 3333 3553 333 iiii 2222 2525 2232 22323 m 5553 5553 1531 2555 2255 5525 2555 22212 mi 5333 3553 3531 5212 2222 2555 2553 55555 a mi 3533 3355 5213 3322 1552 2525 3225 35555 a mi 5553 5533 2133 5222 2131 2255 5352 33353 m mi 5555 5355 1325 5533 1232 aaaa 3353 5555 5333 5523 2255 2132 a mi 5335 5535 5355 1323 2222 5322 31 2531 2323 5535 2555 1333 2232 a3s3s32* 555 5555 3555 3533 3355 1111 3252 2222 5555 5355 5355 5553 mi 1211 1523 2222 5 5555 5535 5335 3533 3335 3315 1115 5222 53 3353 5553 5535 1533 5555 3121 3355 5111 535 im 5355 3555 5553 5555 2555 5535 3553 a==s sisa aaaa sees 3533 5533 5535 3533 5335 2 3555 5333 5553 3555 5535 3355 5535 5555 3333 22 2555 2^22 222 -222 5553 5555 3555 5535 5553 =22 2225 2525 3533 3555 5555 3553 5555 5335 5335 2225 -522 3535 5533 3555 5355 5535 3355 2252 * sees aass sese *ssr *** sejs s&fta *sss ss Ee 2s*$ ssaa* Fig. 6-24 MT-PWHD-004691 I m 1154 83 MT-PWH D-004692 Section 7 MAKE-UP AND RECIRCULATED AIR Principles of Make-Up Air Make-up air is a ventilation term used to indicate the supply of outdoor air to a building to replace air re moved by exhaust ventilation and combustion processes. In some cases, an exhaust system will induce sufficient air flow into the building to replace the air being exhausted without producing adverse effects. However, when exhaust volumes are high relative to the size of the building and the free inlet area, difficulty is encountered and make-up air must be supplied. Make-up air not only replaces the volume of air exhausted but can also serve as supplemental, general ventilation for comfort. The volume of make-up air should be approximately the same as the total volume exhausted, al though in some cases where a flow of air from clean areas to contaminated areas is desired, balance can be achieved by regulating the quantity of make-up air. Natural Infiltration The need for make-up air should not be based on "air change* figures since there is a great variation be tween new and old buildings, as well as differences in basic building types. A relatively old building with large sash areas is "open* and air leakage will be quite pronounced. On the other hand, a modern, window less plant of masonry construction is practically air tight and the building will be truly "air starved* with appreciable exhaust ventilation. Between these two extremes it is difficult to apply engineering data to de termine minimum volumes required. In general it is best to provide make-up to supply approximately the same volume of air as that exhausted. Make-up air is important for the following reasons: 1. To insure that exhaust hoods operate properly--A lack of make-up air creates a "negative pressure* condition which increases static pressure which the exhaust fans must overcome. This causes a re duction in exhaust volume and is particularly serious with low-pressure fans such as wall fans and roof exhausters. 2. To insure the proper operation of natural stacks such as combustion flues and vents. 3. To eliminate high-velocity cross drafts through windows and shipping doors--These cross drafts not only interfere with proper operation of exhaust ventilation but may also disperse contaminated air from one section of the building into another. This is particularly important in the case of dusty operations where settled material may be dislodged from beams and ledges. 4. To eliminate cold drafts on workers--Drafts not only cause discomfort and reduced working efficiency but may also result in lower overall plant ambient temperatures from the existing heating equipment. 5. To eliminate differential pressure on doors. It must be emphasized that make-up air will always enter the building; otherwise the exhaust fans cannot function. Further, this air will be heated eventually by inefficient mixing, while still producing all the dis advantages in air leakage and inefficient exhaust ventilation. It is more economical to introduce the air through make-up air heaters whereby its temperature and distribution can be controlled. Application of Make-Up Air 1. The fresh air intake should be located remote from any contaminating sources such as exhaust stacks or furnace exhausts. It is advisable to filter the fresh air to protect the equipment and provide maximum heat exchange efficiency. In the case of finned-coil heating units, filtering is necessary to prevent plugging. 2. The air supply system must be provided with a fan. Otherwise the room w ll still be under a negative pressure since the exhaust fans must pull the air through the resistances of the filters, coils and ductwork. 3. Make-up air sources should be located to provide cross ventilation. In this way the air can be "used twice.* First, it will provide general ventilation of nuisance producing areas and finally, make-up air for the exhaust systems. This does not apply for spot cooling applications where the air will be introduced di rectly at the work station and may vary significantly from room temperature. The air distribution pattern 7-1 MT-PWHD-004693 7-2 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION must be engineered carefully to provide effective area coverage without excessive cross drafts which will in terfere with the workers or the existing systems. Preferably, there should be convenient ''two-season" con trol to afford changes in the make-up air pattern for summer and winter without closing off the outlets. 4. Make-up air should be introduced into the * living zone" of the plant, that is, below the 8' - 10' level. In this manner the air is used first by the people and best results of general ventilation are obtained. This dis tribution also provides closer control of the ambient working temperature. 5. Make-up air temperatures are usually maintained at approximately the same as the desired room tem perature. Since this air is being used for ventilation and replacement purposes and is not relied on for heat ing the building, the usual temperature range will be 65-80 F. However, in modern high-speed machining areas where equipment heat load is a factor, lower air temperatures can be used. Make-up air is also used for spot cooling applications at very high heat stress operations. In these cases the final air temperature and air motion depend on the workers' requirements. Make-Up Air Equipment There are three basic equipment types: (1) Heat exchangers using steam or hot water, (2) Direct-fired heat exchangers using oil or gas and (3) Open flame heaters. 1. Steam and hot water units should be provided with distributing-tube coils (non-freeze) and automatic controls to minimize the possibility of freezing the heating coils during sub-zero conditions. Controls will include modulating valves, thermostats and motor-operated outside louvers. Multiple coil units with preheat and reheat coils usually give closer control of discharge air temperature than single coil units. Condensate return piping must be sized for the large volumes of returned water and coils must be vented properly to assure proper flow at various positions of the main valve. 2. Direct-fired units must be vented to the outside and must be provided with adequate safety controls ais specified by the American Gas Association and various underwriting firms. Attention must be given to proper location from the standpoint of air distribution and restrictions for hazardous locations. 3. Open-flame heaters are those units in which the fuel is burned directly in the make-up air stream with no outside venting. These units are usually gas-fired and the combustion safety controls must be of the ap proved type. Care must be taken in their location also, especially where hazardous materials are involved. Since these units present a potential danger of carbon monoxide gas, additional requirements must be met: A. The make-up air volume must be sufficient to dilute any possible carbon monoxide to less than 10 ppm. B. Controls must stop the supply fan and close the main gas valve in case of any flame failure. C. Controls should be arranged to interlock the make-up air unit with the exhaust fans (or the main ex haust fan) to prevent the unit from being operated without sufficient exhaust ventilation. Engineering data on conventional oil and gas fuels is included in Table 7-3. From these the engineer may calculate fuel and combustion air requirements for gas and oil-fired make-up air units. Cost of Heating Make-Up Air As noted above, all air that enters the building will be heated to some extent by mixing, thus the operating cost of makeup air units will not be necessarily additive to the overall plant heating cost; in fact, costs can actually drop when an efficient makeup air unit is used. The following two equations may be used to estimate makeup air heating costs on an hourly and yearly basis. Since there is an allowance for the efficiency of the makeup air unit, these equations will tend to give a low result if air is allowed to enter by infiltration only. Where: Q = air volume, cfm N = required heat, BTU/hr/1000 cfm (Figure 7-1 and Table 7-1) D = operating time, hours/week q = available heat per unit of fuel (Table 7-2) dg = Annual Degree Days (Table 7-3) c = cost of fuel, $/unit I i I ! I MT-PWHD-004694 MAKE-UP AND RECIRCULATED AIR 7-3 Example Problem 1 Find the hourly cost of tempering 10,000 cfm at makeup air to 70 F in St. Louis, Missouri, using oil at $0.08/gallon. Average temperature = 35 F (Figure 7-1). H,, our,ly cos.t =-0-.-0--0-1---Q---N- _____ 0.001 x 10,000 x 38,000 _ n no x c----------"foe,500---------------x -08 $0.235/hour Example Problem 2 Find the annual cost for the same city. Annual degree days, dg, = 6023 (Table 7-3) Operating time, D, = 40 hours/week Yearly cost = 0.154 x 10,000 x 106,500 40 x 6023 x 0.08 = $279.00/year Formula 2 is more representative of annual costs because both the length and the severity of the heating season are taken into account. Average Outside Air Temperature, F 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 N, Required Heat BTU/hr/1000 cfm 70F 75,500 70,000 65,000 59,500 54,000 48,500 43,000 38,000 32,500 27,000 21,500 16,000 11,000 5,500 TABLE 7-1 Fuel Btu Per Unit Coal Oil Gas Heat Exchanger Direct Fired 12,000 Btu/lb. 142,000 Btu/gal. 1,000 Btu/cu.ft. Efficiency % 50 75 80 90 Available Btu Per Unit q 6,000 106,500 800 900 TABLE 7-2 PRODUCED JNI - MT-PWH D-004695 7-4 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATIO N MT-PWHD-004696 Fig. 7-1. Average Winter Temperatures December - February, Inclusively. (Courtesy U.S. Weather Bureau.) MAKE-UP AND RECIRCULATED AIR HEATING DEGREE-DAY NORMALS (79) Air Discharge Temper- ature F (Base) Albany Cleve Boston Chicago land Minne Detroit apolis N. Y. Phila. Annual Heating Degree-Day Normals 80 11782 10409 10613 11343 10959 13176 9284 9652 79 11425 10049 10277 10982 10605 12826 8937 9300 78 11062 9690 9940 10621 10256 12478 8596 8954 77 10709 9342 9610 10265 9914 12135 8265 8619 76 10356 8994 92 8 3 9915 9581 11797 7938 8285 75 10009 8652 8972 9570 9247 11475 7620 7959 74 9669 8317 8656 9229 8920 11142 7308 7641 73 9333 7990 8349 8898 8599 10816 7004 7328 72 9007 7668 8046 8567 8291 10496 6706 7028 71 8682 7354 7750 8248 7981 10180 6421 6728 70 8364 7046 7468 7928 7678 9870 6146 6438 69 8056 6749 7183 7617 7383 9567 5871 6158 68 7750 6458 6905 7313 7100 9269 5606 5886 67 7452 6175 6635 7016 6816 8975 5349 5618 66 7162 5903 6373 6722 6543 8687 5101 5360 65 6881 5633 6122 6445 6278 8410 4858 5109 64 6607 5370 5875 6165 6020 8131 4621 4864 63 6340 5118 5638 5897 5772 7858 4394 4628 62 6081 4873 5399 5636 5533 7590 4176 4397 61 5829 4634 5164 5381 5290 7339 3957 4172 60 5586 4399 4936 5140 5054 7086 3747 3952 TABLE 7-3 (2) Pitts burgh 10797 10436 10076 9723 9379 9036 8702 8373 8050 7740 7429 7127 6833 6546 6272 5997 5734 5483 5234 5006 4769 St. Louis 8943 8624 8310 8003 7702 7413 7121 6839 6560 6289 6023 5767 5523 5277 5053 4822 4595 4379 4168 3963 3761 7-5 Wash., D. C. 8422 8089 7764 7446 7139 6835 6538 6250 5974 5703 5438 5179 4929 4690 4455 4229 4014 3798 3588 3383 3182 Recirculation of Air From Industrial Exhaust Systems It is apparent that if large amounts of air are exhausted from a room or building in order to remove obnox ious dusts, gases, fumes or vapors, an equivalent amount of fresh, tempered air should be supplied to the room. The supplied air must be heated in cold weather and heating costs may be large if sizeable amounts of air are handled. Attempts are sometimes made to eliminate such heating costs by appropriate cleaning of the exhausted air and subsequent recirculation of the air into the room. Acceptance of such recirculating systems will depend on the degree of health hazard associated with the particular contaminant being exhausted, as well as on other factors discussed below. Recirculation Not Recommended: It is the general policy of all official industrial health agencies not to recommend the recirculation of exhaust air if the contaminant is a material which may have a definite effect on the health of the worker. The reasons are as follows: 1. Many types of air cleaners do not collect toxic contaminants efficiently enough to remove the health haz ard. 2. Poor maintenance of the air cleaner would result in the deliberate return of highly contaminated air to the breathing zone of the workers. Not being production equipment, air cleaners are too often poorly maintained. 3. Improper operation of the air cleaner, through mechanical failure or through ignorance or neglect on the part of the operators would also result in the return of highly contaminated air. Recirculation Accepted: Some types of air contaminants, particularly some dusts, are regarded as nui sances rather than true health hazard. For exhaust systems handling these materials, recirculation may be accepted. No blanket acceptances can be made. Acceptance should be made on the merits of each specific application on the basis that if any of the factors mentioned above should operate to cause the return of con taminated air, such contamination would not result in unduly disagreeable working conditions. PRODUCED iJfh" MT-PWHD-004697 7-6 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION If a recirculating system is proposed in the case of a nuisance contaminant, the following factors concern ing design and operation are of importance. 1. All air that is recirculated must first pass through an air cleaning device. The engineering specifica tions and collection effectiveness of the device must be known. Knowledge of the contaminant concentra tion in the effluent air stream under given conditions of application and contaminant loading is more val uable than percentage efficiencies alone. 2. The amount of contaminant returned in the effluent of the air cleaner must be NO MORE THAN 20% OF THE TLV. In some few instances other factors of plant operation may be such that it is impractical or unnecessary to hold to such a maximum. 3. The manufacturer's recommendations as to the operation and maintenance of air cleaning devices should be strictly followed. 4. Air distribution from the recirculation ductwork should not cause high velocity drafts on the workers or in the zone of influence of local exhaust hoods. 5. Wherever practical, discharge from air cleaners should be arranged for discharge to outside of the building except during the heating season. I I I I I I I I I I ) I 1 MT-PWHD-004698 MAKE-UP AND RECIRCULATED AIR 7-7 Putf chain for fast adjustment. !0 approx. Winter- low air motion in working zone. Summer - high air motion in working zone. SIDE WALL GRILLE Putt rod for fast adjustment. to approx. wjnfer _ fow a,r m0fj0n in working zone. Summer- high air motion in working zone. CEILING OUTLET Fig. 7-2 Seosonoi air control for comfort MT-PWHD-004699 Gases Natural Gas (Pittsburgh) Commercial Butane Commercial Propane Blast Furnace Gas Corburetfed Water Gas Coke Oven Gas Mixed Coke Oven & Carburetted Water Gas Fuel Oils Kerosene -- Distillate 41 Fuel Oil *2 Fuel Oil *4 Fuel Oil Distillate or Residual #5 Fuel Oil -- Residual PS-300* 46 Fuel Oil - PS-400* 1 Fuel Unit Ft3 PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL OIL & GAS FUELS 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Heating Value, HV net BTU/ Fuel Unit Air Required (or Combustion, CR Ft3 / Fuel Unit % COz co2 Combustion Products Ft 3/Fuel Unit n2 h2o 4/Fuel Unit Tatol PC COZ + N2(dry)( H2O 11 Density 4Ft3 ** 1021 2977 2371 92 508 514 495 10.58 30.47 23.82 0.68 4-60 4.99 4.71 12.1 14.0 13.7 25.5 17.2 11.2 13.9 1.15 3.93 3.00 0.39 0.76 0.51 0.62 8.37 24.07 18.82 1.14 3.66 4.02 3.85 2.22 4.93 4.17 0.02 0.87 1.25 1.04 11.73 32.93 25.99 1.54 5.29 5.78 5.51 0.739 2.20 1.71 0.127 0.352 0.350 0.350 0.1035 0.230 0.194 0.0009 0.0406 0.0583 0.0485 0.0718 0.0738 0.0733 0.0831 0.0742 0.0706 0.0723 Gal. 126,000 127,300 131,500 140,600 141,900 144,400 1230 1250 1290 1370 1380 1410 13.3 13.7 13.9 14.6 177 984 169 1330 91.64 7.88 0.0748 186 1005 164 1355 94.20 7.65 0.0752 204 1091 170 1465 102.5 7.93 0.0754 219 1121 160 1500 106.4 746 0.0759 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION * Approximate Oil Classification * * Approximate density of combustion products at standard temperature and pressure, no excess air. #/ft3 of combustion products. COMBUSTION CALCULATIONS EA Excess Air. Usually 0.20 (20%). tf = Flue gas temperature. Usually 300-500 F. BTUh = BTU per hour 9P*> s gallons per hour cfh a cubic feet per hour GAS OIL 1. Fuel Consumption clh s Heating Requirement, BTUh gph s Heating Requirement, BTUh HV BTU/ft (col. 2) HV BTUh gal. (col. 2) 2. Combustion air, scim = Gas, clh X CR,fl3/ft3 X (1.0 + EA) - gph x CR, ft3/gol. x (1.0 60 60 3. Flue gas volume, sc(m = Gas, cfh x CTotal PC + (CR x EA)3 60 = gph x CTotal PC + (CR 60 4. Flue gas volume at stack temperature, acfm GAS or OIL: Flue gas volume, sc(m x 460 + tf 530 5. In certain processes combustion products are mixed with a ventilation air volume, Q,cfm. In order to enter the psychrometric chart the following approximation con be used: HUMIDITY RATIO OF FLUE GAS-AIR MIXTURE, 0H2O= FUEL CONSUMPTION x 4H20 (col. 10) 4DRY AIR FUEL CONSUMPTION x dfCOi 4 N2 (col. 9) 4 4.5 Q Section 8 CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS FOR LOCAL EXHAUST SYSTEMS Correct design and competent installation of sheet steel ducts and hoods are necessary for the proper func tioning of any exhaust system. The following minimum specifications are recommended. General All exhaust systems shall be constructed with the materials recommended herewith and shall be installed in a permanent and workmanlike manner. Interior of all ducts shall be smooth and free from obstructions with joints either welded or soldered air-tight. Materials 1. Ducts shall be constructed of black iron welded or of galvanized sheet steel riveted and soldered unless the presence of corrosive gases, vapors and mists, or other conditions makes such material impractical. Galvanized construction is not recommended for temperatures exceeding 400 F. Welding of black iron lighter than 18 gauge is not recommended. 2. For average exhaust systems on non-corrosive applications, the following metal thickness shall be sup plied: Diameter of Straight Ducts U. S. Standard Gauge for Steel Duct Class I Class II Class to 8" Over 8" to 18" Over 18" to 30" Over 30" 24 22 22 20 20 18 18 16 20 18 16 14 Class I. Includes non-abrasive applications such as paint spray, woodworking, pharmaceutical and food products; discharge ducts from dust collectors. Class n. Includes non-abrasive material in high concentration (low pressure pneumatic conveying); moderately abrasive material; and highly abrasive materials in light concentrations. Typical examples are conveying of chemicals and wood dust; exhaust of foundry shakeouts and sand handling systems, grain dusts; coal crushing and screening; and grinding, buffing and polishing. Class HI. Includes all highly abrasive materials in moderate to heavy concentrations and moderately ab rasive materials in heavy concentrations such as low pressure conveying of tobacco; exhaust systems from sand and grit blasting, abrasive cleaning operation, rock and ore screening, crushing, dryers and kilns; fly ash from boiler stacks. Brown and Sharpe gauge numbers have been used to indicate thickness of aluminum sheet as compared with U. S. Standard gauges for steel sheet. Where aluminum duct is indicated, the following equivalent B & S gauges should be used: Steel - U. S. Standard Gauge Aluminum - B & S Gauge 26 24 22 20 18 24 22 20 18 16 16 14 14 12 3. For exhaust systems on corrosive applications, consideration should be given to non-corrosive materials or coatings. 4. Elbows and angles shall be a minimum of two gauges heavier than straight lengths of equal diameter. 5. Hoods shall be a minimum of two gauges heavier than straight section of connecting branches. 6. Where flexible piping is necessary, a non-collapsible type of flexible piping shall be used and it shall be kept at a minimum. 8-1 MT-PWHD-004701 8-2 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Construction 1. Longitudinal joints of ducts shall be lapped and riveted or spot welded on 3" centers maximum. Double lock seams may be used on Class I application only. 2. Girth joints of duct shall be made with inner lap in direction of air flow, with 1" lap, diameters to 19", and 1-1/4" laps for diameters over 19". 3. Elbows and angles shall have a centerline radius of two pipe diameters whenever possible. Large radii are recommended for heavy concentrations of highly abrasive dusts. Construct elbows 6" or less in diameter of at least five sections, over 6" diameter of seven sections. Prefabricated elbows of smooth construction may be used. Angles pieced proportionately. 4. Hoods must be free of sharp edges or burrs and reinforced to provide necessary stiffness. 5. Use straight-through weather caps unless otherwise specified. System Details 1. Connect duct to fan inlet with split sleeve drawband at least one pipe diameter long, but not less than 12'. 2. Transitions in mains and sub-mains to be tapered; taper 5" long for each 1" change in diameter when possible. 3. All branches shall enter main at the large end of transition at an angle not to exceed 45; 30 is pre ferred. Connect branches only to top or sides of main with no two branches entering diametrically oppo site. 4. Provide dead-end caps within 6" from last branch of all mains and sub-mains. 5. Provide access openings or cleanouts every 10' and near each elbow, angle or duct junction in horizon tal sections, except for non-corrosive gases and vapors containing no particulate matter. 6. Support ducts sufficiently to place no load on connecting equipment and to carry weight of system if plugged with material. Maximum supporting interval 12' for 8" or smaller ducts, 20' interval for larg er ducts. 7. Provide 6" minimum clearance between ducts and ceiling, wall or floors. 8. Where blast gates are used for adjustment of system, place near connection of branch to main. Provide means of locking after adjustments have been made. Butterfly-type dampers shall not be permitted. 9. Fire dampers, explosion vents, etc., should be installed in accordance with National Fire Protection Association Codes or local fire ordinances. 10. Rectangular ducts can be used only when clearance prevents the use of round ducts. Rectangular ducts must be made as nearly square as possible. Weight of metal, lap and other construction details are to be equal to round duct construction whose diameter equals the longest side. 11. Support fans and motors on common vibration absorbing mounting. 12. Exhaust fans installed in a hazardous area shall be spark-resistant and shall have non-ferrous blade or wheel and a non-ferrous ring about the opening through which shaft passes. Provide electrical grounding for all fan parts. 13. Where state or local laws conflict with above specifications, the more stringent regulation shall be followed, Any other deviation must be approved before installation. Testing Measure the air flow in the system with a standard pitot tube to determine whether it is functioning in accordance with design specifications. i I I I j i < i i i i i i i i } 1164 MT-PWHD-004702 CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS FOR LOCAL EXHAUST SYSTEMS 8-3 PULLOUT CAP SLIDE AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS CLEANOUT OPENINGS 1-56 1165 PRODUCED JM-83 MT-PWH D-004703 8-4 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS FIXED DAMPERS DATE 8-9-55 F/g. 8-2 I 1166 PRODUCED -83 MT-PWHD-004704 CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS FOR LOCAL EXHAUST SYSTEMS 8-5 ^D * / Ci --------------, --j. S '<| Bracket upper stack to bJ discharge duct Drain VERTICAL DISCHARGE (87} No loss OFFSET ELBOWS0061 OFFSET STACK0061 Calculate losses due to elbows 1. Rain protection characteristics of these caps are superior to a deflecting cap located 0.75D from top of stack. 2. The length of upper stack is related to rain protection. Excessive additional distance may cause "Blowout" of effluent at the gap between upper and lower sections. (86) AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS STACKHEAD DESIGNS datT T-72 I Fig 8-3 1167 produce JM -* MT-PWHD-004705 8-6 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Air fto* FLAT BACK ELBOW Flange Note: Provide solid mounting for concrete reinforced elbows. CONCRETE REINFORCED ELBOW AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS HEAVY DUTY ELBOWS DATE 1-60 I Fig. 8-4 I 1168 I produced JM-83 I MT-PWHD-004706 i G asoline --------------------------1 M ineral O il Strong A ik. Weak A ik. Strong Aoid i W eak Aoid i Salt Solution S o lv e n ts CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS FOR LOCAL EXHAUST SYSTEMS Resistance to: Chemical Type Trade Names Max. Opr. Temp. F. Flam mability 8-7 Urea Formalde hyde Melamine Formalde hyde Phenolic Alkyd Silicone Epoxy Cast Phenolic Allyl & Polyester Acrylic Poly Ethylene Tetrafluoro- ethylene Chlortri- fluoroethylene Polyvinyl formal & butyral Vinyl chloride Polyner fc Colpolyner Vinylidene chloride Styrene Cellulose acetate Nylon Asbestoscement Glass Beetle Plaskon Sylplast Cymel Plaskon Resimene Bakelite Durits Durez G.E. Hesinox Plaskon Bakelite G. E. Epiphen Araldite Maraset Ren-ite Tool Plastik Epon Resin Marblette 170 210-300 250-450 -- 550 50-200 -- laminae Bakelite Plaskon Glykon Paraplex Incite Plexiglas Wascolite Tenlte Irrathene Teflon Kel F 300-450 140-200 140-200 500 Vinylite Butacite Safiex Butvar Formuar Krene Bakelite vinyl Dow pvc vygen Saxan Bakelite Catalin StyTon Dylene Lustrex Celanese acetate Tenite Plaskon Zytel Tynex Transtte PyTex 130-175 160-200 150-165 Thermo Plastic 250 550 450 Self Ext. Self Ext. Self Ext. Good Good None Fair Poor Poor -- Good Good Good Poor Good Poor Good ... Good Fair Poor Fair Poor Fair Fair Self Ext. -- Self Ext. Good -- None Poor -- Good -- Good Good Good -- -- Good Good -- None Good Good Good Good Good Good Self Ext. Self Ext. -- -- None Fair Good Good -- Good to None Poor Fair Poor Fair Fair 0.5-2.0 in/min. Burns Slowly Non- FI. ... ... Good None Good ... Good to None -- -- -- -- -- -- -- None Good -- Good Good Good Good -- Good Slow Burning Good Good Good Good None None None Slow Burning Good Good Good Good None Self Ext. 0.5-2.0 in/min. Good Good Good Good Good Good -- Fair None Fair Good Good Good Poor 0.5-2.0 in/min. Self Ext. Good Good None None None Fair Poor Good Good Good Good None Good ... Good Non-FI. Good Good Fair Good Poor Fair Good Good Non-FI. Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good TABLE 8-1. TYPICAL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FABRICATED PLASTICS (58) AND OTHER MATERIALS PRoUiced -83 MT-PWHD-004707 Section 9 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS Air flow measurements and test data are often needed in connection with the proper functioning and design of industrial exhaust systems. The importance and value of obtaining test data can be noted in the following applications: 1. To determine whether a new exhaust system is functioning in accordance with design data. 2. To obtain air flow data necessary for proper setting of blast gates on systems designed for blast-gate balancing. 3. To determine by periodic checks if further maintenance or repairs of a system are necessary to assure efficient operation. 4. To obtain measurements necessary to determine whether the system has sufficient capacity for addi tional hoods or future exhaust equipment. 5. To obtain design data from existing satisfactorily controlled operations for future installations of simi lar character. 6. To obtain air flow data necessary to determine the degree of compliance with state codes, regulations or trade association standards. In most instances, the most important measurement in testing exhaust systems is the measurement of air quantity. Inasmuch as most field meters are the velocity-meter type rather than the quantity-meter type, it is necessary to obtain not only the average air velocity into a hood or duct but also the cross-sectional area at the point of measurement. The quantity of air can then be determined from the simple equation: Q = VA where Q = Quantity of air flowing, cfm A = Cross-sectional area of duct or hood, sq ft, at the measurement location V = Average linear velocity, fpm Quantity meters are thin-plate or sharp-edged orifice flow nozzles and venturi meters. These meters are very infrequently applied to industrial exhaust systems but are important in laboratory studies. They can be used as fixed metering devices for calibration of instruments, fan testing and experimental work. Pressure measurements are useful in determining resistances or pressure drops through hoods, dust col lectors and other parts of an exhaust system. Pressure measurements are also used to determine fan static pressure and to estimate air flow into hoods and other exhaust openings by the throat-suction method. Measurement of Air Flow For determining air velocity, the standard Pitot tube and the use of orifices and nozzles are considered re liable and are accepted in engineering practices. However, only the Pitot tube is suitable for field work. Air velocities in the field can be approximated by a number of various types of field instruments. Low nondirectional air movements in space cannot be measured by the Pitot tube and require special instruments. Pitot Tube The Pitot tube is the standard air velocity meter. A large volume of research and many publications have been devoted to the subject of flow measurement by this instrument. A standard Pitot tube as used in the United States (see Figure 9-2) needs no calibration if carefully made and velocity pressure readings obtained are considered accurate. For more details concerning specifications and the application of the Pitot tube, see the 'Standard Test Code* published by the Air Moving and Conditioning Association (28) and the ASHRAE (2). The use of the Pitot tube is shown in Figure 9-1. 9-1 MT-PWHD-004708 9-2 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION TOTAL PRESSURE = STATIC PRESSURE + VELOCITY PRESSURE VELOCITY PRESSURE Above atmosphere AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS EXHAUSTING produced 1171 83 MT-PWHD-004709 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS 9-3 The device consists of two concentric tubes, one serving to measure the total or impact pressure existing in the air stream, the other to measure the static pressure only. When the annular space and the center tube are connected across a U-tube manometer, the difference between the total pressure and the static pressure is indicated on the manometer. This difference between the total pressure and the static pressure is the velocity pressure. The velocity pressure can be used to compute the velocity of the air stream if the density of the air is known. The following equation can be used: ./"VP V = 1096 T 0.075 d where d = density factor (Figure 6-14) or calculated from: d = 53--0 - x w-nBno 400 + t where B = barometric pressure, "Hg t = air temperature, F This formula does not consider moisture present in the air stream. Under conditions of elevated moisture content, obtain the density factor directly from the psychrometric chart, page 13-17. Where air is at standard conditions (d = 1.0), the first equation above becomes: V = 4005 'fW Figure 6-16 is a velocity vs. velocity pressure table for standard air. This table can be used for air at densi ties other than standard conditions by correcting the measured velocity pressure inversely as the density factor as in the following equation: Corrected VP = Me- asured VP x -ar The corrected VP can then be used in the velocity vs. velocity pressure table, Figure 6-16, to give the actual velocity at duct conditions. From Figure 6-16 it can be seen that at low velocities (below 1000 fpm) the VP values are small (below 0.06" wg). The accuracy of the Pitot tube is limited at these velocities as the manometer is not precise enough to accurately measure the small pressures. A carefully made and accurately leveled 10:1 inclined manometer calibrated against a hook gauge can be read to approximately + 0.005" wg. A standard Pitot tube with an inclined manometer can be used with the following degree of accuracy: Velocity, fpm % Error () 4000 3000 2000 1000 800 600 0.25 0.3 1.0 4.0 6.0 15.0 It can be seen that the use of the Pitot tube in the field is limited at velocities lower than 600-800 fpm. Inasmuch as the air flow in the cross-section of a duct is not uniform, it is necessary to obtain the aver age by measuring VP at points in a number of equal areas in the cross-section. The approved method is to make two traverses across the diameter of the duct at right angles to each other. Twenty readings are taken at the center of annular rings of equal area (see Figure 9-3). Tables 9-1, 9-2 and 9-3 give traverse points for various duct diameters. Whenever possible the traverse should be made 7.5 duct diameters or more downstream from any major air disturbance such as an elbow, hood, branch entry, etc. Where measure ments are made closer to disturbances than 7.5 duct diameters, the results must be considered subject to some doubt and checked against a second location. If agreement within 10% is obtained, reasonable accu racy can be assumed and the average of the two readings used. Where variation exceeds 10% a third loca tion should be selected and the two volumes in best agreement averaged and used. For round ducts 6" and smaller, at least 6 traverse points should be used. For round ducts larger than 6" diameter, at least 10 traverse points should be employed. For very large ducts and discharge stacks with wide variation in velocity, 20 traverse points will increase the precision of the air flow measurement. Six, ten and twenty point traverse dimensions are given in Tables 9-1, 9-2 and 9-3. Ducts smaller than 12" diameter will require a Pitot tube smaller than the standard 5/16" O. D. With square or rectangular ducts the procedure is to divide the cross-section into a number of equal rec tangular areas and measure the velocity pressure at the center of each. The number of readings should not be less than 16. However, enough readings should be made so the greatest distance between centers is approximately six inches. (See Figure 9-4). MT-P\A/Hn_nn47 9-4 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION The use of a single centerline reading for obtaining average velocity is, at best, a very coarse approxima tion. When a centerline reading is taken, the location must be 10 diameters of straight duct downstream from the nearest disturbance. The centerline velocity pressure thus obtained should be multiplied by 0.81 or the velocity by 0.9 to obtain an approximation of the average velocity. The following data are essential and more detailed data may be taken if desired: The diameter of the duct at the traverse location Velocity pressure at each point in the traverse or, for estimation, the centerline velocity pressure Temperature of the air stream at the time and location of traverse If the temperature of the air stream varies more than 30 F from the standard temperature, if the altitude is greater than 1,000 feet and/or the moisture content of the air is 0.02 lb/lb of dry air or greater, it is ad visable to make a correction for density change as given in the first and third equations, pages 9-28 and 9-29. The velocity pressure readings are then converted to velocities and the velocities, not the velocity pres sures, are averaged. Where more convenient, the square root of the velocity pressures may be averaged and this value then converted to velocity (average). The measured air volume at the temperature in the duct is then the average velocity multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the duct (Q = VA). Limitations: The Pitot tube cannot be used for measuring low velocities in the field. It is not a directreading air meter. If used with a liquid manometer, a vibration-free mounting is necessary. Because of the distance between the impact and static holes, it cannot be used to measure flow through orifice-type openings. It is susceptible to plugging in air streams with heavy dust and/or moisture loadings. Modified Pitot Tubes Modifications of Pitot tubes have been made in an effort to reduce plugging difficulties encountered in heavy dust streams or to increase manometer differentials enabling the measurement of lower velocities in the field. These may be called 'double Pitot* tubes since they usually take the form of a relatively large impact opening facing upstream and another such opening facing downstream. Such tubes are useful also when thick walled ducts, such as boiler stacks, make difficult the insertion of conventional Pitot tubes through any reasonable port opening. Other modified forms of the Pitot tube are the air foil pitometer (50), the Pitot venturi and the air speed nozzle (61), to name a few. Some of these instruments are of considerable size. Limitations: A handicap for field use is that double-Pitot tubes and other modifications require calibration under conditions similar to those in which they are to be used. In addition, some are of considerable size and create a problem of insertion in ductwork. Orifices and Nozzles The use of the orifice, nozzle or like metering instruments as permanent measuring stations is well ac cepted in engineering practice. The rounded approach orifice or nozzle of the general type described in the ASHRAE Unit Heater and Unit Ventilator Codes is an accurate measuring device. When it is well made, the coefficient closely approaches unity. The exact value depends on the location of connections, the pressure drop, the diameter or ratio of orifice to pipe and the contour of the orifice edge. The discharge from such a nozzle is reasonably uniform and provides a fairly good location for calibration of air velocity instruments. The ASME Power Test Code 19.5.4 (3) should be consulted for details of use and application of orifice and nozzle meters. Estimation of Air Flow by Throat-Suction Method The "Throat-Suction" method of estimating air flow into an exhaust hood or duct is based on the principle of the orifice--the inlet end of the duct simulating the orifice. This method is quick, simple and practical. It is a fairly accurate estimation of rate of air flow in branch exhaust pipes if the suction measurement can be made at a point one to three pipe diameters of straight pipe downstream from the throat of the exhaust in let, and if an accurate analysis of the coefficient of entry can be made. This technique involves the measuring of hood static suction by means of a U-tube manometer at one or more holes (preferably four, spaced 90 apart), one duct diameter downstream from the throat for all hoods having tapers, and three duct diameters from the throat for flanged or plain duct ends. The holes should be drilled 1/16" - 1/8" in diameter or less; the hole should not be punched as inwardly projecting jagged edges of metal disturb the air stream. The U-tube manometer is connected to each hole in turn by means of a thick-walled soft rubber tube and the difference in the height of the water columns is read in inches. MT-PWHD-004711 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS 9-5 QCjCi C> q O a QqQ Pilot traverse points in o circular duct. 10 or 20 locations* in centers of aqua! onnuior area. * 6 or 12 location* for smalt duet*. 10 or 40 locationa for rary taroa duet*. Fig. 9-3 ' Pitot traverse points in a rectonguiar duct. Centers of !6 io 64 equal oreas. Locations not more than 6" opart. Fig. 9-4 produced 1174 MT-PWH D-004712 9-6 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION TABLE 9-1 TABLE 9-2 DISTANCE PROM WALL OF ROUND PIPE TO POINT OF READING {NEAREST % INCH)FOR 10-POINT TRAVERSE. DUCT R! *2 R3 R4 *5 R6 R7 R. R9 R.o DIA 0.026 0.082 0.146 0.226 0.342 0.658 0. 774 0.854 0.918 0.974 DIA DIA DIA DIA DIA DIA DIA DIA DIA DIA 4 '4 X X 54 154 244 354 354 354 354 454 X X X 1 154 3 354 354 454 454 DISTANCE FROM WALL OF ROUND PIPE TO POINT READING (NEAREST % INCH) FOR 6-POINT TRAVERSE. DUCT R1 R2 R3 R. R5 R6 DZA .043 .146 .296 .704 .854 .957 DIA DIA DIA DIA DIA DIA 3 '4 54 54 254 2'-4 2V, 314 54 54 1 254 3 354 5 X X X 154 IV. 354 354 454 *x 454 514 % X X I1/. I'/. 3*4 4V. 4s/. 5 554 4 54 54 154 254 3s/, 354 454 V. V, Is/. 354 354 4'4 6 X X X IV, 2 4 4V, 554 S'/, S'/, 5 V. V. IV, 3'4 4V. 41', 7X X1 IV. 254 444 554 6 6s/. 654 554 V, V. 154 354 4s/, S'/, 8X X I'/, Is/. 2s/, S'/. 654 654 7s/, 7V, 6 V. 54 IV. 4V. 5V. 5s/. 9X X I'/. 2 354 S'/, 7 7s/, 8V, 8s/. 10 X X IV, 214 354 654 7s/. 854 9'4 9s/. 11 V. X Is/. 2X 354 754 854 954 1054 10s/. 12 V. 1 1J/, 254 454 7 V, 954 10'/, 11 1154 13 V. 1 IV, 254 4V, 854 10V, 11'/, 12 12V, 14 X IV, 2 354 444 954 10V, 12 12V, 13s/, IS X IX 254 354 S'/, 954 1154 12s/, 13s/, 14s/, 16 X 1'/. 2V, 3s/, 5 V, 10'/, 12V, I3V, 14V. 1554 17 X 18 X IX 2 V, 354 5s/. 1154 13V, 14V, 15s/, 16V, IX 2s/, 4% 6V, 1154 13V, 1554 16V, 17V, 19 X IX 2s/, 4s/. 654 12V, 14V. 16'/, 17V, 18'/, 20 X IX 254 4V, 654 13'/, 1554 17V, 18s/, 19V, 22 X 24 X IX 354 S 754 14V, 17 18s/, 20'/, 21V, 2 354 554 854 15s/, 1854 20V, 22 23s/, 26 X 2V, 3s/. 554 854 1754 20V, 22V, 23V, 25s/, 28 X 2V, 454 6s/. 9s/, 1854 2154 23V, 25s/, 27'/, 30 X 254 4s/, 6s/. 10'/. 19V. 23V, 25s/, 27V, 29'/, 32 X 34 v, 2V, 454 754 11 21 24s/, 27s/, 29V, 31V, 2s/, 5 7s/, 1144 22s/, 26V, 29 31'/, 3354 36 1 3 S'/. 854 12s/, 23s/, 27V, 30s/, 33 35 38 1 354 5 X 854 13 25 29s/, 32'/, 34V, 37 40 1 3V. 5V, 9 13s/, 26s/, 31 34V, 36s/, 39 42 iv, 3V, 654 9'4 14s/, 27s/, 3254 35V, 38s/, 40V, 44 1-54 3s/, 6s/, 10 15 29 34 37s/, 40s/, 42'/, 46 I'/, 3s/, 6s/. 10s/, IS*/, 30'/. 35s/, 39'/, 42V, 44s/, 48 I'/, 4 7 10V, 16s/, 3154 37V, 41 44 46s/, ) I ! I ) ) ) ) I I MT-PWHD-004713 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS TABLE 9-3 DISTANCE FROM WALL OF ROUND PIPE TO POINT OF READING (NEAREST 1/8 INCH) FOR 20-POINT TRAVERSE. 9-7 R, Ouct 0.0130 dia R" 0.6/2D 40 1/2 24 1/2 42 1/2 25 3/4 Re 0.0390 R/e 0.6940 1 1/2 27 3/4 1 5/8 29 1/8 44 1/2 1 3/4 26 7/8 30 1/2 46 5/8 1 3/4 28 1/8 31 7/8 48 5/8 1 7/8 29 3/8 33 1/4 50 5/8 2 30 5/8 34 5/8 52 5/8 2 31 7/8 36 1/8 54 5/8 2 1/8 33 37 1/2 56 3/4 2 1/8 34 1/4 38 7/8 58 3/4 2 1/4 35 1/2 40 1/4 60 3/4 2 3/8 36 3/4 41 5/8 62 3/4 2 3/8 37 7/8 43 64 3/4 2 1/2 39 1/8 44 3/8 66 7/8 2 5/8 40 3/8 45 3/4 68 7/8 2 5/8 41 5/8 47 1/8 70 7/8 2 3/4 42 7/8 48 1/2 72 7/8 2 3/4 44 50 74 7/8 2 7/8 45 1/4 51 3/8 76 1 3 46 1/2 52 3/4 78 1 3 47 3/4 54 1/8 80 1 49 3 1/8 55 1/2 R, 0.0670 R/3 0.7500 2 5/8 30 2 7/8 31 1/2 3 33 3 1/8 34 1/2 3 1/4 36 3 3/8 37 1/2 3 1/2 39 3 5/8 40 1/2 3 3/4 42 3 7/8 43 1/2 4 45 4 1/8 46 1/2 4 1/4 48 4 3/8 49 1/2 4 1/2 51 4 3/4 52 1/2 4 7/8 54 5 55 1/2 5 1/8 57 5 1/4 58 1/2 5 3/8 60 r4 0.0970 R 0.7960 3 7/8 31 7/8 4 1/8 33 3/8 4 1/4 35 4 1/2 36 5/8 4 5/8 38 1/4 4 7/8 39 3/4 5 41 3/8 5 1/4 43 5 3/8 44 5/8 5 5/8 46 1/8 5 7/8 47 3/4 6 49 3/8 6 1/4 50 7/8 6 3/8 52 1/2 6 5/8 54 1/8 6 3/4 55 3/4 7 57 1/4 7 1/8 58 7/8 7 3/8 60 1/2 7 1/2 62 1/8 7 3/4 63 5/8 Rs 0.129D R/S 0.8350 5 1/8 33 3/8 5 3/8 35 1/8 5 5/8 36 3/4 6 38 3/8 6 1/4 40 1/8 6 1/2 41 3/4 6 3/4 43 1/2 7 45 1/8 7 1/4 46 3/4 7 1/2 48 1/2 7 3/4 50 1/8 8 51 3/4 8 1/4 53 1/2 8 1/2 55 1/8 8 3/4 56 3/4 9 58 1/2 9 1/4 60 1/8 9 1/2 61 7/8 9 7/8 63 1/2 10 1/8 65 1/8 10 3/8 66 7/8 F\& 0.165D R/s 0.87/0 6 5/8 34 7/8 6 7/8 36 5/8 7 1/4 38 3/8 7 5/8 40 7 7/8 41 3/4 8 1/4 43 1/2 8 1/2 45 1/4 8 7/8 47 9 1/4 48 3/4 9 1/2 50 1/2 9 7/8 52 1/4 10 1/4 54 10 1/2 55 3/4 10 7/8 57 1/2 11 1/4 59 1/4 11 1/2 61 11 7/8 62 3/4 12 1/8 64 1/2 12 1/2 66 1/8 12 7/8 67 7/8 13 1/8 69 5/8 R? 0.2040 R/7 0.9030 8 1/8 36 1/8 Rs 0250D R 0.9330 10 37 3/8 Rs 0.3060 R/S 0.96/0 12 1/4 38 1/2 8 5/8 37 7/8 10 1/2 3S 1/8 12 7/8 40 3/8 9 39 3/4 11 41 13 1/2 42 1/4 9 3/8 41 1/2 11 1/2 42 7/8 14 1/8 44 1/4 9 3/4 43 3/8 12 44 3/4 14 3/4 46 1/8 10 1/4 45 1/8 12 1/2 46 5/8 15 3/8 48 10 5/8 47 13 48 1/2 15 7/8 50 11 48 3/4 13 1/2 50 3/8 16 1/2 51 7/8 11 3/8 50 5/8 14 52 1/4 17 1/8 53 7/8 11 7/8 52 3/8 14 1/2 54 1/8 17 3/4 55 3/4 12 1/4 54 1/8 15 56 18 3/8 57 5/8 12 5/8 56 15 1/2 57 7/8 19 59 5/8 13 1/8 57 3/4 16 59 3/4 19 5/8 61 1/2 13 1/2 59 5/8 16 1/2 61 5/8 20 1/4 63 3/8 13 7/8 61 3/8 17 63 1/2 20 7/8 65 3/8 14 1/4 63 1/4 17 1/2 65 1/4 21 1/2 67 1/4 14 3/4 65 18 67 1/8 22 69 1/4 15 1/8 66 7/8 18 1/2 69 22 5/8 71 1/8 15 1/2 68 5/8 19 70 7/8 23 1/4 73 15 7/8 70 1/2 19 1/2 72 3/4 23 7/8 75 16 3/8 72 1/4 20 74 5/8 24 1/2 76 7/8 R/O 0.3880 R?20 0.9870 15 1/2 39 1/2 16 1/4 41 1/2 17 1/8 43 1/2 17 7/8 45 3/8 18 5/8 47 3/8 19 3/8 49 3/8 20 1/8 51 3/8 21 53 3/8 21 3/4 55 1/4 22 1/2 57 1/4 23 1/4 59 1/4 24 1/8 61 1/4 2 4 7/8 6 3 1/4 25 5/8 65 1/8 26 3/8 67 1/8 27 1/8 69 1/8 28 71 1/8 28 3/4 73 1/8 29 1/2 75 30 1/4 77 31 79 P*2UCii76 -83 MT-PWH D-004714 9-8 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION If an elbow intervenes between the hood and the suction-measurement location, the pressure loss caused by the elbow should be determined as given in Figure 6-11 and should be subtracted from the reading to give the suction produced by the hood and throat alone. The values for entry coefficients for various hood shapes are given in Figure 6-10. The volume rate of air flow is then determined by the equation (for normal air conditions): Q = 4005 CeA VsPh where Q = Quantity of air flowing in cubic feet per minute Ce = Coefficient of entry (Figure 6-10) A = Area of duct in square feet SPh = U-tube manometer reading in inches of water If the temperature of the air stream is greater than 30 from the standard temperature of 70 E and/or if the altitude is greater than 1,000 feet, it is advisable to make a correction for density change as follows: Q- 1096 CA Voft-d where d = relative density of air from Figure 6-14. Other Methods and Instruments The volume handled by exhaust systems is sometimes approximated by use of various types of field instru ments at the exhaust or discharge opening. Such results are suitable as an approximation only since they are subject to many errors. Any instrument used for this purpose should be handled in strict compliance with the manufacturers' recommendations and directions. All such measurements are fundamentally based on the measurement of the air velocities at a number of points in the opening and averaging the results. Naturally, these methods are highly subject to human error. There are many instruments involving a great many physical and chemical principles which can be adapted to the measurement of air velocity or volume ratings. For more information, the reader is referred to Brandt (7), ASHVE (2) and Drinker and Hatch (11). A few characteristics of the more popular instruments are listed below. Rotating Vane Anemometer (See Figure 9-5): This instrument is accurate and can be used to determine air flow through large supply and exhaust openings. The standard instrument consists of a pro peller or revolving vane connected through a gear train to a set of recording dials that read the linear feet of air passing in a measured length of time. It is made in various sizes, 3", 4" and 6" being most common. It gives average flow for time of test (usually one minute). Each instrument requires frequent calibration and the use of a cali bration card or curve to determine actual velocity. The instrument may be used for either pressure or suction measurements using the necessary correction factors, Table 9-4. The standard instrument has a useful range of 200-3000 fpm; especially-built models will read lower velocities. Direct recording and direct reading rotating vane anemometers are available. These instruments record and meter electrical pulses developed by a capacitance transducer. The impulses are fed to the indicator unit where they are integrated to operate a conventional meter. Readings as low as 25 fpm can be measured and recorded. Fig. 9-5 Limitations: The rotating vane anemometer is unsuited for measurement in ducts as it has too large a finite area. The conventional meter is not direct reading and must be timed. It is fragile and cannot be used in dusty and corrosive atmospheres. I ) I i l l I I I ! MT-PWHD-004715 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS TABLE 9-4. CORRECTION FACTOR FOR ROTATING VANE ANEMOMETER Opening Correction Factor* Pressure openings, more than 4 in wide, up to 600 sq in area, with free opening 70% or more of gross area, no directional vanes 1.03 Suction opening, more than 4 in wide, up to 600 sq in area, with flange 2 in wide, free-open area 60% or more of gross area 0.85 Volume: For suction openings, cfm = (factor) (velocity) (gross area) For pressure openings, cfm = (factor) (velocity) (g1-085 area * net area) 9-9 *If the opening is covered with a grille, the instrument should touch the grille face but should not be pushed in between the bars. For a free open ing without a grille, the anemometer should be held in the plane of the entrance edges of the opening. The anemometer must always be held in such a manner that the air flow through the instrument is the same direction as was used for calibration (usually from the back toward the dial face). Swinging Vane Anemometer (Velometer) (Figure 9-6): This instrument is extensively used in field measurements because of its portability, wide-scale range and instantaneous reading features. Where accurate readings are desired, the correction factors in Table 9-5 should be applied. The instrument has wide application and by a variety of fittings, can be used to check static pressures and a wide range of linear velocities. The minimum velocity is 50 fpm, unless specially adapted for a low range. The instrument is fairly rugged and accuracy is suitable for most field checks. Before using, check the meter for zero setting by holding the meter horizontal and covering both ports so that no air can flow through it. If pointer does not come to rest at zero turn the "Z* ad juster to make the necessary corrections. Check the meter for bal ance. After setting the zero as above, the pointer should not deviate more than 1/8" from zero when both ports are closed regardless of the position in which the meter is held. A velometer with its fittings was originally calibrated as a unit. Fittings cannot be switched from one set to another. The serial number on the fittings and on the meter must agree. If the meter was originally calibrated for a filter it must always be used. Fig. 9-6 The meter should be used always in an upright position (handle on top) and, when using fittings, it must be held out of the air stream so that the air flows directly into the opening. The length and inside diameter of the connecting tubing affect the calibration of the meter. Use only connecting tubing of the same length and inside diameter as that originally supplied with the meter. Changes in tubing do affect the calibration of the meter. A newer model, Series 6000, of this instrument (see Figure 9-8) has been developed which does not require individually calibrated fittings. Other operating characteristics are similar to those described above. Figure 9-9 illustrates some applications of this model. Where temperatures of an air stream vary more than 30 from the standard temperature of 70 F and/or if the altitude is greater than 1,000 feet, it is advisable to make a correction for temperature and pressure. Day to day variations in barometric pressure do not necessitate pressure corrections. Corrections for change in density from variations in altitude and temperature can be made by applying the following equations: True Velocity (Vt) = Vrea(j ^ True Velocity (Vt) = Vread Uses of the swinging vane anemometer and of its various fittings have been illustrated in Figure 9-7. MT-PWHD-004716 9-10 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Use at Supply Openings: On large (at least 3 square feet) supply openings where the instrument itself will not seriously block the opening and the velocities are low, the instrument itself may be held in the air stream with the air impinging directly in the left hand port When the opening is smaller than 3 square feet and/or where the velocities are above the "No Jet" scale, appropriate fittings must be used. On modern air condi tioning grilles, the velometer or the fitting should be held between one and two inches in front of the grille. Use at Exhaust Openings: If the exhaust opening is large (at least 3 square feet) and the air velocities low, as in spray booths, chemical hoods, etc., the velometer itself can be held in the air stream. The instrument should be held so that the left hand port of the meter is flush with the exhaust opening. When the opening is smaller than 3 square feet and/or where the velocities are above the "No Jet* scale, appropriate fittings must be used as illustrated in Figure 9-7. Because the velocity and static gradient in front of an exhaust opening is steep, the finned opening of the fitting must be held flush with the exhaust opening. If the opening is covered by a grille, hold the fin directly against the grille and use the correction factors listed in Table 9-5 when computing exhaust volumes. TABLE 9-5 CORRECTION FACTORS FOR THE SWINGING VANE ANEMOMETER (VELOMETER) (40) Opening Pressure More than 4 in. wide and up to 600 sq. in. area, free opening 70% or more of gross area, no directional vanes. Use free-open area. Suction Square punched grille (use free-open area) Bar grille (use gross area) Strip grille (use gross area) Free open, no grille Volume: cfm = (factor) (area) (velocity) Correction Factor 0.93 0.88 0.78 0.73 1.00 Limitations: While it can be used to measure air velocities in ducts, static pressure and total pressure, it has several disadvantages. Used in place of a Pitot tube for velocity or total pressure measurements, it nec essitates a much larger hole in the duct, oftentimes difficult and impractical to provide. When the velocities are high there may be appreciable errors at the high end of the scale and the instrument tends to read low on the blowing side of the fan and high on the suction side. On measurements at the face of exhaust openings of less than 3 square feet, fittings are required which make readings below 100 fpm impossible. The presence of dust, moisture or corrosive material in the atmosphere presents a problem since the air passes through the instrument. In those instruments calibrated for use with a filter (the filter must always be used), the filter itself is a source of error since as the filter becomes plugged its resistance increases and thus alters the amount of air passed to the swinging vane. The instrument requires periodic calibration and adjustment. I I MT-PWHD-004717 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS VELOMETER APPLICATIONS 9-11 Exhaust SPRAY BOOTH (no jet range) Figure 9-7 i& MT-PWHD-004718 9-12 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Heated Wire Anemometer (5) (See Figure 9-10): The hot-wire anemometer depends on the varia tion of the resistance of a wire with temperature. When a stream of air passes over a heated wire, heat removal from the wire depends on the velocity of the air stream and thus the tempera ture of the wire and its resistance, vary with the air velocity. The Anemotherm Air Meter (5) is a unique example of this type, to this instrument, the probe consist of two coils of fine nickel wire which connect through a cable to form the arms of a Wheatstone bridge. One of these coils is heated by a separate current passing through a third coil of nichrome wire--in thermal contact but electrically insulated from it--forming a conductive junction. Air passing over the probe element cools the heated wire and varies its resistance. This is reflected as a variation in air velocity on the pointer type scale. A push button switching arrangement provides scales for measuring air velocities from 10 to 8000 fpm. Use of a balancing circuit makes errors due to ambient temperature changes or radiant heat sources negligible. Fig. 9-8 Means are provided for disconnecting the heater current; the unheated wire then acts as a temperature sens! tive resistance in the bridge circuit. The range of temperature measurements available is 0 to 255 F. Static pressure can also be measured directly over a range of 9-10" wg, negative or positive. This instrument is available also for permanent station air flow measurement and recording. The permanent station instrument is available with a probe of corrosion resistant material which requires a hole of at least 1" diameter for insertion into a duct or stack where air velocity is to be measured. Limitations: The probe on the portable instrument is subject to fouling by dust and corrosion. It should be calibrated at regular intervals. Heated Thermocouple Anemometers (Figure 9-11): This type instrument employs the principle that heat removal by an air stream passing a heated object is related to the velocity of the air stream. A hot junction thermocouple is used to sense the tempera ture of a heated probe in the air stream; a second cold junction thermocouple senses the temperature of the air. A voltage is generated between the heated and unheated junctions. Air flow tends to cool the heated thermocouple, decreasing its voltage output. This voltage output is an accurate measure of velocity of air flow. By using hot and cold thermocouple junctions with balancing circuits, errors due to radi ant heat and ambient temperature fluctuations may be made negligible. A number of instruments of this type are available commercially. Low velocities in the range of 10-25 fpm can be estimated. The response is fairly rapid, approximately one minute or less, to some instru ments of this type the small sensing area gives essentially a non-directional reading. These instru ments are light in weight and can derive the necessary electric power from either batteries or a lineconnected, constant voltage transformer. Fig. 9-10 i i I I ) MT-PWHD-004719 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS 9-13 MT-PWHD-004720 9-14 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION The instruments are most suited for measuring low velocities, room air currents and hood opening velocities. Certain instruments with small probes can be used for measurement of duct velocities lower than the capability of velocity pressure sensing devices. Limitations: Portable battery-powered meters tend to fade in voltage during use necessitating frequent adjustment. Probes tend to be fragile and must be handled carefully. There is a need for frequent calibration. The delicate wires in the probe are easily damaged. The instrument should not be used in corrosive or dusty atmospheres. Smoke Tubes: Low velocity measurements may be made by timing the travel of smoke clouds through a known distance. Smoke trail observations are limited to velocities less than 150 fpm since high air velocities diffuse the smoke too rapidly. Commer cially available, the smoke tube or candle is useful in the observation of flow patterns surrounding exhaust or supply openings. They can be used also for checking air movement and direction in plant space. Fig. 9-11 Limitations: They can be used for low velocities and estimation purposes only. Smoke candles are in cendiary and thus cannot be used in flammable atmospheres. Preferably they should not be hand held. Tracer Gas-Dilution: The principle of dilution is sometimes used to determine rate of air flow. A tracer or test gas is continuously metered into one or more intake ports (hood or duct openings) along with the enter ing air stream. After thorough mixing and system equilibrium has been established, air samples are col lected at some point downstream--usually at or near the effluent point--and the concentration of the test gas in the exit stream determined. The rate of air flow is readily calculated from the degree of dilution noted in the exit and feed gas concentrations (rate of air flow equals rate of feed divided by test gas concentration). The test gas is usually selected on the basis of the following: (1) ease of collection and analysis, (2) not present naturally in the process being studied, (3) not absorbed chemically or physically in the duct system (4) non-reactive with other constituents of the gas stream (5) non-toxic or explosive. When flow rates are low enough to allow thorough and intimate mixing, the method may be applied to the estimation of dilution ventilation rates in a general area or room. Limitations: Necessitates use of air sampling and analytical procedures. Judicious choice of readily available test gas necessary. Method usually limited to special and/or permanent applications. Calibration of Air Measuring Instruments Direct reading meters need regular calibration as they are in many cases fragile, easily impaired by shock (dropping, jarring), dust, high temperatures and corrosive atmospheres. Meters should be calibrated regularly and must be calibrated if they do not zero properly and if they have been subjected to rough handling and adverse atmospheres. Design of a Calibrating Wind Tunnel (98, 99, 100) A calibrating wind tunnel for testing air flow meters must have the following components: 1. A satisfactory test section. This is the section where the sensing probe or instrument is placed; it must be uniform in air flow both across the air stream and in line with the air flow. A section with a pro nounced vena contracts and turbulence will not give satisfactory results. 2. A satisfactory means of precisely metering the air flow. The meter on this system must be accurate and with large enough scale graduations so that the volume is indicated within + 1%. For convenience and time-saving, a fixed single reading meter such as a venturi meter or orifice meter is preferable to a multi-point traverse type instrument such as a Pitot tube. I 1 1 i I I I i I i I ) MT-PWHD-004721 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS 9-15 TABLE 9-6. CHARACTERISTIC OF AIR METERS Instruments PITOT TUBES with inclined manometer Standard Range, fpm 600 - up 600 - up Hole Size Range, (for ducts) Temp.* Dust, Fume Difficulty 3/8'' 3/8* Wide Wide Some Some Small Size 600 - up 3/16* Wide Yes Double SWINGING VANE ANE MOMETERS Alnor Velometer ROTATING VANE ANE MOMETERS Conventional Electronic (Airflow Development) Digital (Airflow Development) BRIDLE VANE ANE MOMETERS Florite Air Velocity Meter HEATED WIRE ANE MOMETERS Anemotherm Model 60 Anemotherm Gas Flow Meter 500 - up 3/4* Wide Small 25-10,000 1/2" - 1" 300 F Some 30-10,000 25-200 25-500 25-2000 25-5000 200-5000 Not for duct use Not for duct use Narrow Narrow Not for Narrow duct use Yes Yes Yes 50-2500 Not for Narrow duct use Yes 10-8000 10-5000 3/8" 1" Medium 300 F Some No Flowtronic Air Meter 55A HEATED THERMOCOUPLE ANEMOMETERS Alnor Thermo anemometer Model 8500 Hasting Precisian Air Meter B-22 0-1000 1000-2000 2000-4000 10-2000 2 scales 10-500 500-10,000 1/2" Medium Yes 5/16" Narrow Yes 5/16" Narrow Yes Calibration Rugged* General Usefulness Requirements ness and Comments None None Once Once Good Good Good Good Good except at low velocities Good except at low velocities Special Frequent Fair Good Frequent Frequent Frequent Poor Poor Special; limited use Special; can re cord; direct read ing Poor Special Frequent Fair Special Frequent Frequent Frequent Poor Good Poor Good Not portable; for permanent station air flow Good Frequent Frequent Poor Good Poor Good Flow Corporation Series 800 Alnor Air Velocity Trans ducer System (AVT) VARIABLE AREA METER Airmeter F. W. Dwyer Co. 10-4000 20-500 50-1000 100-2000 200-1200 1000-4000 1/2" 5/16" Narrow Narrow Not for Narrow duct use * Range of Temperatures: Narrow - 20-150 F Medium - 20-300 F Wide - 0-800 F Yes Yes Yes Frequent Occasional (Needs cleaning) Poor Poor Good Special; for permanent, station use Good Satisfactory for estimates of flow MT-PWHD-004722 9-16 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 3. A means of regulating and effecting air flow through the tunnel. For usual calibrations of instruments used on heating, ventilating and industrial exhaust systems, test velocities from approximately 50 to 8000 fpm are needed. Air flow regulation must be such that there is no disturbance in the test section. The regulating device must be easily and precisely set to the desired velocities. The fan must have sufficient capacity to develop the maximum velocity in the test section against the static pressure of the entire system. To provide a satisfactory uniform flow test section, a bell-shaped streamline entry is necessary (see Figure 9-12). There are various designs for this entry. One type is the elliptical approach in which curva ture is similar to a one-quarter section of an ellipse, in which the semi-major axis of the ellipse is equal to the duct diameter to which the entry is placed and the semi-minor axis is two-thirds of the semi-major axis. If A = semi-major axis, inches B = semi-minor axis, inches D = duct diameter adjacent to elliptical approach, Inches then A = D B = 2/3 D This type of entry can be made on a spinning lathe. Actually, any type of smooth curved, bell-shaped entry which directs the air into the duct over a 180 angle will be satisfactory. A readily available entry is a Sousaphone bell. This bell entry should be connected to a 5-1/2" diameter smooth, seamless plastic tube. Ridges, small burrs or obstructions should be filed so a smooth connection between horn and tube results. For calibrating larger instruments such as the lower velocity swinging vane anemometer (Alnor velometer) and the rotating vane anemometer, a large rectangular test section of transparent plastic at least 2-1/2 sq ft in cross-sectional area can be constructed with curved air foil inlets as shown in Figure 9-12. A fine mesh screen placed deep in the enclosure assists in giving uniform air flow across the test portion. Checks on a great many traverse points indicate satisfactory uniformity for calibration. A sharp-edged orifice, venturi meter or a flow nozzle can be used as a metering device. The sharp-edged orifice has more resistance to flow but is more easily constructed. It can also be made readily interchange able for several orifice sizes. The orifice can be mounted between two flanged sections sealed with rubber gaskets. Three orifice sizes, 1.400", 2.625" and 4.900" diameters, can be used to meter flow rates from 50-8000 fpm. If the orifice and pipe taps are made to exact dimensions, the calculated air volume will be within 1% of actual flow for standard air. The orifice can be calibrated with a standard Pitot tube. A micromanometer is needed to read velocity pressures below 2000 fpm. At 2000-3000 fpm, with a 10:1 inclined manometer, an accuracy of + 0.3-1.0% can be expected; at 3000-4000 fpm an accuracy of + 0.25-0.3% can be expected. If the orifice is made to the precise dimensions of Table 9-7 no calibration is needed and the tabulated calculation can be used. Table 9-7 gives computer calculations for three sizes of orifices, 1.400", 2.625' and 4.900" diameters. When the orifices are placed in a 7" diameter duct and are made to the precise dimensions given, the calculated data in the table will give air flows within + 1%. The orifice sizes cover a range of measurable air flows from 18-1155 cfm. A centrifugal fan with sufficient capacity to exhaust 1100 cfm at 10" wg static pressure is needed for a wind tunnel with a 5-1/2" diameter test section using an orifice meter. Radial blade centrifugal fans are available with the required characteristics. The air flow can be changed with either an adjustable damper at the discharge or a variable speed drive on the fan. Use of Calibrating Wind Tunnel For accurate results, air flow measuring instruments must be calibrated in the manner in which they are to be used in the field. Swinging vane and rotating vane anemometers are placed in the large rectangular test section on a suitable support and air velocity is varied through the operating range. Low velocity heated thermocouple and heated thermometer instruments are calibrated in the same manner. Special Pitot tubes and duct probes of direct reading instruments are placed through a suitable port in the circular duct section and again, calibrated throughout the operating range (see Figure 9-13). Calculation of Flow for Orifice Meter (7) The air flow for a sharp-edged orifice with pipe taps located 1" on either side of the orifice can be accurate ly computed from the following equations for standard air (density 0.075#/cu ft)* for ducts 2" - 14" in diameter. Q = 21.8 KD2 vT For densities other than standard, the following equation can be used as a good approximation: Q = 6KD"* y where d = density factor MT-PWHD-004723 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS 9-17 3hp motor with variable drive -- 500 to 3670rpm JcL CALIBRATION WIND TUNNEL Pipe taps -Bracket Transparent plastic TEST SECTION For low velocity meters with large area in test air stream Sharp edged orifice t/8' steel plate ORIFICE DETAIL AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS CALIBRATION WIND TUNNEL /J.186 MT-PWHD-004724 9-18 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION TABLE 9-7. ORIFICE FLOW RATE (SCFM) VERSUS PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL (in. of Water) AP "WC 0. 02 0.04 0.00 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42 u. 44 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0. 70 0.72 0. 74 0.76 0. 78 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.80 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 ORIFICE SIZE 1.4" 2625" 4.90" 18.5 18.8 19.2 19.5 19.9 20.2 20.6 20.9 21.2 21.5 21.8 22.1 22.4 22.7 23.0 23.3 23.6 23.9 24.1 24.4 24.7 25.0 25.2 25.5 25.8 26.0 26.3 26.5 26.8 27.0 27.3 27.5 27.8 28.0 28.2 28.5 18.7 22.8 26.2 29.3 32.1 34.6 37.0 39.2 41.3 43.3 45.2 47.0 48.8 50.5 52.1 53.7 55.3 56.8 58. 3 59.7 61.1 62.4 63.8 65.1 66.4 67.6 68.9 70.1 71.3 72.4 73.6 74.7 75.8 76.9 78.0 79.1 80.2 81.2 82.2 85.2 84.2 85.2 86.2 87.2 88.1 89.1 90.0 91.0 91.9 92.8 93.7 94.6 95. 5 96.3 97.2 98.1 98.9 99.8 100.6 57.1 78.8 95.3 109.2 121.5 132.6 142.8 152.3 161.2 169.6 177.6 185.2 192.6 199.6 206.5 213.0 219.4 225.6 231.6 237.5 243.2 248.8 254.3 259.6 264.9 270.0 275.0 280.0 284.8 289.6 294.3 298.9 303.4 307.9 312.3 316.7 320.9 325.2 329.3 333.5 337.5 341.6 345.5 349.4 353.3 357.2 361.0 364.7 368.4 372.1 375.7 379.3 382.9 386.4 390.0 393.4 396.9 400.3 403.7 407.0 AP "wc 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.38 1.40 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.50 1.52 1.54 1.56 1.58 .1.60 1.62 1.64 1.66 1.68 1.70 1.72 1.74 1.76 1.78 1.80 1.82 1.84 1.86 1.88 1.90 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3. 30 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.70 3. 80 3.90 4.00 ORIFICE SIZE 14" 2625" 4.90" 28. 7 28.9 29.2 29.4 29.6 29.8 30.1 30.3 30.5 30.7 30.9 31.2 31.4 31.6 31.8 32.0 32.2 32.4 32.6 32.8 33.0 33.2 33.4 33.6 33.8 34.0 34.2 34.4 34.6 34.8 35.0 35.2 35.4 35.5 35.7 35.9 36.1 36.3 36. 5 36.6 37.5 38.4 39.3 40.1 40.9 41.7 42.5 43.3 44.0 44.8 45.5 46.2 46.9 47.6 48.3 49.0 49.7 50. 3 51.0 51.6 101.4 102.3 103.1 103.9 104.7 105.5 106.3 107.1 107.9 108.6 109.4 110.2 110.9 111.7 112.4 113.2 113.9 114.6 115.4 116.1 116.8 117.5 118.2 118.9 119.6 120.3 121.0 121.7 122.4 12 3,1 123. 8 124.4 125.1 125.8 126.4 127.1 127.8 128.4 129.1 129.7 132.9 136.0 139.0 142.0 144.9 147.8 150.6 153. 3 15G. 0 158.7 161.3 163.8 166.4 168.8 171.3 173. 7 17C.1 178. 4 180.7 183.0 410. 3 413.6 416.9 420.1 42 3.4 426.5 429.7 432.9 4 36.0 439.1 442.2 445.2 448.3 451.3 454.3 457.2 460.2 463.1 466.0 468.9 471.8 474.7 477.5 480.3 483.1 485.9 488.7 491.5 494.2 496.9 499.7 502.4 505.0 507.7 510.4 513.0 515.6 518.2 520. 8 523.4 536.2 548.6 560.8 572.6 584.3 595.7 606.9 617.9 628.6 639.2 649.6 659.9 670.0 679.9 689.7 699.3 708.8 718.2 727.5 736.6 AP "WC 4. 10 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.80 4.90 5.00 5.10 5.20 5.30 5.40 5.50 5.60 5.70 5.80 5.90 6.00 6.10 6.20 6.30 6. 40 6.50 6.60 6.70 6.80 6.90 7.00 7.10 7.20 7.30 7.40 7.50 7.60 7.70 7.80 7.90 8.00 8.10 8.20 8.30 8.40 8.50 3.60 8.70 8.80 8.90 9.00 9.10 9.20 9.30 9.40 9.50 9.60 9.70 9.80 9.90 10.00 ORIFICE SIZE if 2.625" 4 90" 52.3 52.9 53.5 54.1 54.7 55.3 55.9 56.5 57.1 57.6 58.2 58.8 59.3 59.9 60.4 61.0 61.5 62.0 62.6 63.1 63.6 64.1 64.6 65.1 65.6 66.1 66.6 67.1 67.6 68.1 68.5 69.0 69.5 69.9 70.4 70.9 71.3 71.8 72. 2 72.7 73.1 73.6 74.0 74.5 74.9 75.3 75.7 76.2 76.6 77.0 77.4 77.9 78.3 78.7 79.1 79.5 79.9 80. 3 80.7 81.1 185.3 187.5 189.7 191.9 194.0 196.2 198.3 200.4 202.4 204.4 206.5 208 .5 210.4 212.4 214.3 216.3 218.2 220.0 221.9 223.8 225.6 227.4 229.2 231. 0 232.8 234.6 236.3 238.1 239.8 241.5 243.2 244.9 246.5 248.2 249.9 251.5 253.1 254.7 256. 4 257.9 259 .5 261.1 262.7 264.2 265.8 267.3 268.8 270.4 271.9 273.4 274.9 276.4 277.8 279.3 280.8 282.2 28 3.6 285. 1 286.5 287.9 746 755 763 772 781 789 79 7 806 814 822 830 838 846 854 862 869 877 884 892 899 907 914 921 928 935 942 949 956 963 970 977 984 990 997 1003 1010 1017 1023 1029 1036 1042 1048 1055 1061 1067 1073 1079 1085 1091 1097 1103 1109 1115 1121 1127 1132 1138 1144 1150 1155 1187 1 MT-PWHD-004725 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS 9-19 Vebmefer exhaust jet in test section *- Test section Heated thermocouple probe in test section -15 or more if stand is used Brocket Test section Large air meter in test section Keep test section entrance clear of obstructions and free of drafts AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS CALIBRATION MT-PWHD-004726 9 20 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION where Q = air volume, cfm K = coefficient of air flow (7) D = orifice diameter, inches h = pressure drop across orifice, "wg The constant K is affected by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless value expressing flow conditions in a duct. The following equation gives a simplified method of calculating Reynolds number for standard air. R = 8.4 DV where R = Reynolds number V = velocity of air through orifice, fpm The constant "K* can be selected from tables (7). Venturi meters can be used also for metering air flow. They impose less resistance to flow; however, they are more difficult to construct. Pressure Measurement Static Pressure Pressure measurements are useful in determining resistances or pressure drops through hoods, dust col lectors and other parts of an exhaust system. Pressure measurements are also used to determine fan static pressure and to estimate air flow into hoods and other exhaust openings by the throat-suction method. The measurement of static pressure is quite simple and well understood by most engineers. It is meas ured by means of some pressure measuring device, usually a simple U-tube manometer filled with oil or water and is graduated in inches water gauge. A vertical manometer is suitable for most static pressure measurements. The use of an inclined manometer with a 10 to 1 slope gives increased accuracy and permits lower readings. For field measurement, one leg of the manometer is furnished with flexible tubing and the other end of the tube is held flush and tight against a small static pressure opening in the side of the pipe. Special fittings may be used if desired. Specific information in great detail concerning manometers may be found in the A.S.M.E. Power Test Code 19.2.5 (4). The static pressure hole is of some im portance in obtaining a correct pressure measurement. The location of the static pressure opening is not usually of too much importance except that one should avoid, if --Ouct wall- drill all holts 0. or less. Maintain inner surface of duct smooth and flush. possible, pressure measurement at the heel of an elbow or other such points where static pressure may be incorrect because ^--One hole rubber stopper, connecting tube and rubber hose. the direction of the velocity component is not parallel with the pipe walls. It is usually advisable to drill from two to four pressure holes at uniform distances around the pipe Q >--Permanent tap-tee with /"pipe plug, T-handle and cleaning wire. Equip with gplug when not in use. Use g"coupling if used for permanent connection to U-tube. in order to obtain an average and to indicate any discrepancy. The static pressure openings should be flush with the inner surface of the pipe wall and there should be no burrs or projections .-- gIn pet cock and coupling with 3*copper tube <=QlC S' soldered to pet cock. Use carefully when high pressures are measured to prevent gauge liquid surge on opening cock. on the inner surface. The hole should be drilled, not punched. A 1/16 inch to 1/8 STATIC TAP CONNECTIONS inch hole is usually satisfactory since the size is not too important except for some types of instruments where air actually flows through the device. (See Fig. 9-14). In such cases, the manufacturers' recommendations should be followed concerning the size of the static pres sure opening. A second method less likely to involve error is the use of the static pressure element of a Pitot tube as shown in the illustration. A static tube of the same general design as the Pitot may also be used, omitting the center tube. In using the instrument, it should be pointed upstream, avoiding impact or eddies. P#QD 1189 JM TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS 9-21 Manometers U-Tube: The vertical U-tube is the simplest type of pressure gauge. Usually calibrated in inches of water, it is used with various fluid media--such as alcohol, mercury, oil, water, kerosene and special manometer fluids. The U-tube may be used for either portable or stationary applications. Available commercial units offer a wide latitude in range, number of columns and styles. Tubes are usually of all-plastic construction to minimize breakage. One leg may be replaced by a reservoir or well (well-type manometer) with the ad vantage of easier manometer reading. Inclined Manometer: Increased sensitivity and scale magnification is realized by tilting one leg of the U-tube to form an inclined manometer or draft gauge. The inclined manometer, usually with 10 to 1 slope, gives in creased accuracy and permits lower readings. In commercial versions, only one tube of the small bore is used and the other leg is replaced by a reservoir. The accuracy of the gauge is dependent on the slope of the tubes. Consequently the base of the gauge must be leveled carefully and the mounting must be firm enough to permit accurate leveling. The better draft gauges are equipped with a built-in level, leveling adjustment and, in addition, a means of adjusting the scale to zero. Some models include over-pressure safety traps to prevent loss of fluid in event of pressure surges beyond the manometer range. A modification of the inclined manometer is the inclined-vertical gauge in which the indicator leg is bent or shaped to give both a vertical and inclined (10 to 1) portion--the advantage being smaller physical size for a given range while re taining the refined measurement afforded by the inclined manometer. As in the U-tube and in clined gauges the commercial units available offer a wide choice in range, number of columns, and calibration units. Specific information in great detail concerning manometers may be found in the ASME Power Test Code 19.2.5 (4). Aneroid Type Gauges: This type of gauge is used as a field instrument in ventilation studies for measuring static, velocity or total pressure with a Pitot tube or for single tube static pres sure measurements. There are a number of manufacturers offering gauges suitable for the measurement of the low pressures encountered in ventilation studies. Perhaps the best known of this type is the Magnehelic gauge (63) (See Figure 9-15). Principal advantages of this gauge may be listed as follows: easy to read, greater response than manometer types, very portable--of small physical size and weight, absence of fluid means less maintenance and mount ing and use in any position is possible without loss of accuracy. Principal disadvantages are that, being a mechanical-type device, the gauge is subject to mechanical failure, requires periodic calibration checks and occasional recalibration. Miscellaneous: For measuring low pressure differences to within 0.001 inches of water, very sensitive mi cromanometers are available such as the Illinois (21) or Wahlen (43) and hook gauges. Such instruments are usually employed in the laboratory for experimental and calibration purposes rather than for collection of ventilation data in the field. p*o0,,,, 1130 MT-PWHD-004728 9-22 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION TABLE 9-8. CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESSURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS (Static Pressure, Velocity Pressure, Differential Pressure) Instrument Mfg's. Stated Range, "wg Precision, "wg Comments LIQUID MANOMETERS Vertical U-tube No limit 0.1 Portable. Needs no calibration. Inclined 10:1 Slope Usually up to 10 0.005 Portable. Needs no calibration. Must be leveled. Hook Gage 0-24 0.001 Not a field instrument. Tedious, difficult to read. For calibration only. Micromanometer 0-10 (Meriam Model 34FB2TM) 0-20 0.001 Heavy. Need to locate on vibration-free surface. Not difficult to read; uses magnifier. Micromanometer (Vernon Hill Type C) Micromanometer^ (Electric Microtectic F. W. Dwyer, Mfg.) 0.001-1.2 0-2 0.0004 0.0003 Small; portable. Uses magnifier. Need ex perience to read to manufacturer's pre cision. Calibration needed. Portable. Needs vibration-free mount. No magnifier. Slow to use. No eyestrain. No calibration needed. DIAPHRAM AND MECHANICAL Diaphram-Magnehelic Gage 0-0.5 0-1 0-4 0.01 0.02 0.10 Calibration recommended. No leveling, no mounting needed. Direct reading. Swinging Vane Anemometer Alnor Velometer 0-0.5 0-20 5% scale Calibration recommended. No leveling, no mounting needed. Use manufacturer's exact recommendation for size of SP hole. PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS AND ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS Pressure Transducers 0.05-6 0.3% Must be calibrated. Remote reading re sponds to rapid change in pressure. Evaluating Exhaust Systems Knowledge of the air measurement equipment and methods discussed above is essential before an exhaust system can be checked after its installation has been completed and at intervals during operation to verify its maintained effectiveness. New Installations Sufficient data should be taken on completion of every installation to verify (1) that exhaust volumes, dis tribution and system balance are in agreement with design data; (2) that contaminant control is effective. As a first step, a sketch of the system, not necessarily to scale, but indicating size, length and relative location of all ducts, fittings and associated system components should be made. The sketch will serve as a guide in selection of measuring points and very often will bring to light incorrect installation and poor design features. Physical system changes which may occur at a later date (addition of branches, alteration of hoods or duct work) are easily noted if such a sketch is available as a permanent record. Initial air measurements should include cfm (velocity) and static pressure measurements in each branch and in the main, static pressure measurements (throat suction) at each exhaust opening, static and total pres sure measurements at both fan inlet and outlet, and pressure measurements at collection equipment inlet and outlet (differential pressure). Measurement data will indicate any variation from design data, will indicate need for balancing to obtain needed distribution and will verify that transport velocities in branches and main are ample to convey the material handled. Where imbalance is found, it is advisable to again take pressure readings after the system has been balanced. All air measurements and location of measuring points should be recorded to serve as a basis for future checks designed to spot any variations in exhaust volumes from original values. I 1 * ! I ! 9 1 I MT-PWHD-004729 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS 9-23 Point Measurement Location of measurement Measurement use A Hood static pressure Distance from hood- 1. estimate flow: Q- 4005 CeA JSF'h 3pipe diameters-flonged orplain hood 2. check point for hood and system /pipe diameter - tapered hood performance. B Velocity and static Branch and mains - preferably 7.5 /. transport velocity pressure diameters straight run downstream from 2.exhaust volume:Q-VA nearest air disturbance (el, entry, etc) 3. SP as system check point C Cenlerline VP Small ducts location as above. Round duct only. Use on small ducts Centerline velocity reading only. where traverse impractical or where approximate volume wanted. D Static, velocity and Inlet and outlet of fan - any two of I Fan static and total pressures total pressures three readings at each location FSP-SPi*+ SPt-VPi TP- SPo * SPl t VPe - VPi 2. Motor Sj^or^FM estimate BHP' 6356 x ME of fan 3.SPas system check point Static pressure Inlet and outlet of collector Differential pressure 1. Compare pressure drop with normal operating range 2. Checkpoints for maintainence. Readings above or below normal indicate plugging, wear or damage to collector elements, need of cleonina In addition to the above, face velocity (hood face) and capture velocity (point of contaminant dispersion) measurements are usually made to define hood performance. Observation of air flows surrounding exhaust openings may be visually augmented ay use of smoke generators, trails and stteamers. Fig. 9-/6 MT-PWHD-004730 9-24 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION PlantL Operation exhaustedL Dept.. Line sketch showing points of measurement Date. Date system installed_ Hood and transport velocity Point Duct VP D Area , (Fig. 6-/8) in. HgO SP in. HeO FPM CFM (Fig. 6-16) Q = VA Remarks I i i i Pitot traverse Points VP t 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 to Total Vet. Average Vet. CFM Notes. Vet. Fan ,9-2 9-3 Type_ VP Vet. VP Vet Point Dio, Inlet Outlet Fansft. Motor Name. HP- CoHector Point Inlet Outlet Dia. SP VP TP CFM .(See Section 6 ) Site. W. SP LSP Fig. 9-/7 I I 11S3 MT-PWHD-004731 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS 9-25 Hood design checks should verify that the contaminant source is hooded as completely as possible without interfering with the operation. Air analysis will vary with contaminant, using air sampling at operator's breathing zone where toxic materials are involved and probably only observation for visual escapement where non-toxic and nuisance materials are exhausted. In Figure 9-16 is pictured an example of an exhaust system with possible testing points. Obviously selec tion of testing points will be dictated by the system under consideration and rarely will it be possible to at tain the ideal--as in laboratory test Installations. However, with judicious selection of measuring stations to avoid excessively turbulent flow and with proper attention to calibration, alignment, and positioning of instru ments, measurements approaching the accuracy of design calculations are possible. Figure 9-17 illustrates one type of survey form. Collection of data will serve little purpose if a perma nent record is not maintained so that periodic test data can be compared. Any type of form which suits the individual's needs will suffice. Existing Installations For most existing installations, elaborate air sampling studies are seldom needed at frequent intervals. Unless the process is changed, the hoods or enclosures altered or the method of materials handling revised, the hazard should remain controlled as long as the exhaust system functions properly. The word " properly' can rightly be underscored because in many cases little attention is given to such an installation after the project has been completed. Yet mechanical exhaust equipment and dust collectors re quire the same attention that machine tools and other plant equipment require and usually receive. The tools required under most cases for a routine check on the performance of an exhaust system are a manometer (U-gauge) or an inclined gauge, depending on the static pressure values involved. While hood suction readings have rightfully fallen into a state of ill repute as a means of measuring air flow, they do offer a quick and accurate method of measuring relative air flow. If the hood suction is known while an exhaust system is functioning properly, its continued effectiveness can be assured so long as the hood suction does not reduce from its original value. Any change from the original hood suction can only in dicate a change in velocity in the branch and consequently a change in air volume removed from the hood. This relation will be true unless (1) hood design has been changed which would affect the ease of exhausting the air volume (entrance loss), (2) there are obstructions or accumulations in hood or branch ahead of the point of hood suction reading or (3) the system has been altered or added to. Restrictions of the cross sectional area will reduce the air volume, although hood suction may even increase, dependent on location and degree of accumulation. The hood suction method of checking can more readily be delegated to an assistant without technical train ing than the Pitot tube where care must be exercised in reading velocity pressures in the correct location with the tube paralleling the flow of air. U-gauges have been standard plant equipment long enough to elimi nate any feeling of uncertainty in their use. Since pressure readings vary as the square of the velocity or volume in question, a slight change is mag nified by comparison of gauge readings. To illustrate, an indicated reduction in static pressure readings of 19 to 30 per cent would reflect a volume (or velocity) decrease of 10 to 15 per cent. A marked reduction in hood suction can often be traced to one or more of the following items: 1. Reduced performance by the exhaust fan caused by reduced speed due to belt slippage, wear on rotor or casing or accumulation on rotor or casing that would obstruct air flow. 2. Reduced performance caused by defects in the exhaust piping, such as accumulations in branch or main ducts due to insufficient conveying velocities, condensation of oil or water vapors on duct walls, adhe sive characteristics of material exhausted or leakage losses caused by loose clean-out doors, broken joints, holes worn in duct (most frequent in elbows), poor connection to exhauster inlet, accumulations in ducts or on fan blades. 3. Losses in suction can also be charged to additional exhaust points added to the system (sometimes sys tems are designed for future connections and more air than required is handled by present branches until future connections are made), change of setting of blast gates in branch lines. (Blast gates adjust the air distribution between the various branches. Tampering with the blast gates can seriously affect such distribution and therefore gates should be locked in place immediately after the system has been installed and its effectiveness checked.) 4. Reduced exhaust volume may be caused by increased pressure loss through dust collector due to lack of maintenance, improper operation, wear, etc. These items will vary with the collector design. Refer to operation and maintenance instructions furnished with the collector or consult the equipment manu facturer. Also, see section on Air Cleaning Devices (Section 11). 1134 MT-PWHD-004732 9-26 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Check-out Procedure The following check-out procedure may be used on systems which were designed to balance without the aid of blast gates. It is intended as an initial check on the design computations and contractor's construction in new systems, but it may be used also for existing systems when design calculations are available or can be recomputed. It does not detect poor choices of design criteria such aslow conveying or capturevelocities and consequently will not reveal inadequate control due tothis type of error.Agreementwith design within . 10% is considered acceptable. The following equipment will be adequate to perform the tests required for this check-out procedure: Pitot tubes--various lengths Pressure gauges--inclined manometer or magnehelic Rotational speed measuring device--revolution counter or stroboscope Air velocity meter--low range (velometer or thermal anemometer) Diameter tape 1. Measure flow in duct on inlet side of fan with a pitot traverse. If flow is too low, proceed to No. la; if correct, go to No. 4. a. Check fan size against plan b. Check fan speed and direction of rotation against design c. Check fan inlet and outlet configuration against plan. 2. If a discrepancy is found and corrected, return to No. 1. If not, measure fan inlet and outlet static pressures and compute the fan static pressure. Using fan table, check flow, fan static pressure and RPM. If agreement is acceptable although at some other operating point than specified, fan is satisfactory and trouble is elsewhere in system. Proceed to No. 3. 3. If fan inlet static pressure is greater (more negative) than calculated in design, proceed to No. 4. If fan outlet static pressure is greater (more positive) than design, proceed to No. 8. 4. Measure hood static pressure on each hood and check against design. If too high on any hood, proceed to No. 4a; if too low, go to No. 6. If correct, go to No. 10. a. Check size and design of hoods and slots against plan. b. Examine hood for obstructions. 5. After all hood construction errors and obstructions have been corrected, if hood static pressures are correct, return to No. 1; if too low, proceed to No. 6. 6. Measure static pressure at various junctions in ducts and compare with design calculations. If too high at a junction, proceed up-stream until static pressures are too low and isolate the trouble. In area where losses exceed design: a. Check angle of entries to junctions against plan b. Check radii of elbows against plan c. Check duct diameters against plan d. Check duct for obstructions 7. After correcting all construction details which deviate from specifications, return to No. 1. 8. Measure pressure differential across air cleaning device and check against manufacturer's data. If loss is excessive, make necessary corrections and return to No. 1. If loss is less than anticipated, proceed to No. 8a. a. Check ducts, elbows and entries as in No. 6a to 6d. b. Check system discharge type and dimensions against plans. 9. If errors are found, correct and return to No. 1. If no errors can be detected, recheck design against plan, recalculate and return to No. 1 with new expected design parameters. 10. Measure control velocities at all hoods where possible. If control is inadequate, redesign or modify hood. 11. The above process should be repeated until all defects are corrected and the hood static pressures and control velocities are in reasonable agreement with design. The actual hood static pressures j j i j 1 [ I { j . j t I | J j ) I MT-PWHD-004733 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS 9-27 should then be recorded for use in periodic system checks. A file should be prepared containing the following documents: System plan Design calculations Fan rating table Hood static pressures after check-out Maintenance schedule Periodic hood static pressure measurement log Periodic maintenance log Air Flow Measurements on Discharge Stacks It is often necessary, in connection with the evaluation and control of air pollution, to determine the velo city and quantity of air in discharge stacks. These measurements are of importance for the following reasons: 1. It is necessary to know the volume of air coming from a discharge stack to select the proper size of air-cleaning equipment. 2. The measurement of the quantity of air discharged is necessary in conjunction with stack-sampling data in determining the total quantity of contaminant coming from the stack per unit time. 3. The linear velocity in the discharge stack is necessary for accurate stack-sampling technique. (The collection of a representative dust sample requires that the velocity in the sampling nozzle and the air stream be nearly equal. This is known as sampling under isokinetic conditions.) Difficulties Encountered in Measuring Stack Flows or Density The general procedures and instrumentation for the measurement of airflow have been previously discussed in this chapter. However, special problems connected with airflow measurement in discharge stacks neces sitate a somewhat more detailed discussion. Some of the special problems are as follows: 1. Measurement of airflows in highly contaminated air which may contain corrosive gases, dusts, fumes, or mists. 2. Measurement of airflows at high temperatures. 3. Measurement of airflow in high concentrations of water vapor and mist. 4. Measurement of airflow where the velocity is very low. 5. Measurement of airflow in locations of turbulence and non-uniform airflow; i.e., discharge of cupolas, locations near bends or enlargements. 6. Measurement of airflow in connection with isokinetic sampling where the velocity is constantly changing. Selection of Instruments The selection of the proper instrument will depend on the range of airflow to which the instrument is sen sitive, its vulnerability to high temperatures, corrosive gases and contaminated atmospheres, its portability and ruggedness, and its size of measuring probe relative to the available sampling hole in the stack. A brief summary of the characteristics of a few of the instruments which have been used is given in Tables 9-6 and 9-8. In many cases, conditions for airflow measurement are so severe that it is difficult to select an instrument. Generally speaking, the Pitot tube is the most serviceable instrument, inasmuch as it has no moving parts and it is rugged and will stand high temperatures and corrosive atmospheres when it is made of stainless steel. It is subject to plugging, however, when it is used in a dusty atmosphere. It cannot be used for measurement of low velocities. A special design of Pitot tube can be used for dusty atmospheres. In many cases, it is difficult to set up an inclined manometer in the field because many readings are made from ladders, scaf folds, and difficult places. This greatly limits the lower range of the Pitot tube. A mechanical gauge has been used in place of the liquid U-tube manometer. This gauge is estimated to be accurate to 0.02" of water; however, the gauge should be frequently calibrated against an inclined U-tube manometer. MT-PWHD-004734 9-28 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION For lower velocities, the swinging-vane anemometer previously described can be used if conditions are not too severe. The instrument can be purchased with a special dust filter which allows its use in light dust loadings. It can be used in temperatures up to 1000 F if the jet is exposed to the high temperature gases only for a very short period of time (30 seconds or less). It cannot be used in corrosive gases. If the very low velocity jet is used, a hole over 1" in diameter must be cut into the duct or stack. For very low velocities, anemometers utilizing the heated thermocouple principle can be used under special conditions. In most cases, these anemometers cannot be used in high temperatures above 300 F. One manu facturer claims that the exposed materials in the termocouple probe have been selected for non-corrosiveness and that the probe can be inserted into corrosive gases. In most stack work, it is necessary to make a traverse as previously described on pp. 9-3. Center-line readings only, may lead to serious error. This is true in cupolas where the depth of charge may greatly vary the velocity across the cross-sectional area of the stack and in locations near bends, dust collectors, etc. In stack-sampling work where a match of velocities in the sampling nozzle and air stream under changing velocities is required, the null method is sometimes used. This method uses two static tubes or inverted impact tubes, one located within the sampling nozzle and the other in the air stream. Each is connected to opposite legs of the same manometer; the sampling rate is adjusted so the manometer reading is zero. Corrections for Temperature and Moisture Air velocities in discharge stacks are sometimes measured at elevated air temperature or moisture con tent. If these factors are ignored there can be serious errors introduced in the measurement of actual duct velocity for isokinetic sampling and the determination of the actual or standard air volume flowing in the system. Corrections for these conditions can be made in the following manner: Air velocity. Actual velocity, Vs. Elevated Temperature, Normal Moisture Pitot tube: Use Formula 1 at the end of this section; see Example 2. Swinging vane anemometer: Use Formula 2. Other instruments: Follow manufacturer's recommendations. Elevated Temperature and Moisture Pitot tube: Use Formula 3; see Example 3. Other instruments: Follow manufacturer's recommendations. Air Volume Actual air volume at stack conditions, Qs: Use Formula 4. Air Volume at standard conditions, Q Elevated temperature, normal moisture: Use Formula 5; see Example 2. Elevated temperature and moisture: See Example 3. Air volume at non-standard temperature, ta (F) Elevated temperature, normal moisture: Use Formula 6. Elevated temperature and moisture: Determine Q at standard conditions. t + 460 Use formula: Qa = Q x --jrgg-- Formulae for Correcting Air Flow Measurements 1. Velocity in discharge duct - using Standard Pitot Tube VP = velocity pressure in inches of H20 Vs = velocity in fpm tg = stack temperature, F Vs = 174 VVP(ts + 460) ) 1 I I 1 I I 1: ) I I I B 1197 "WSQ S3 MT-PWHD-004735 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS 9-29 2. Velocity in discharge duct - using Alnor Velometer Vs = (velocity reading) x 3. Velocity in discharge duct where density of air may vary because of varying amounts of other gases or vapors, such as C09 and H,0 vapor. V = velocity in discharge duct VP * velocity pressure in inches of H,0 d = density factor (see Fig. 6-14; see page 13-16 for density factors for air-water vapor mixture) p = density in lbs. per cubic foot V = 1096 or where density factor d is used V-10M V5WT 4. Gas volume in discharge duct Qs - CFM in stack at stack temperature A = cross-sectional area of stack in square feet Qs = Vs average x A 5. Conversion of stack gas volume to 70 F Q = CFM corrected to 70 F 530 Q ts + 460 6. Conversion of stack gas volume to any temperature ta (F) 460 + ta Qa =Qs * 460 + ts Pitot Traverse Calculations Measurement of air velocity at non-standard conditions requires calculation of the true air velocity, ac counting for difference in air density due to air temperature, humidity and barometric pressure. The follow ing calculations illustrate the method of calculation and the effect of varying air density. 1. Standard Conditions: Air Temp. = 79 F; Wet Bulb Temp. = 50 F Barometer = Std; 24" 0 Duct Pitot Traverse #1 Pitot Traverse #2 U to Traverse #1) Traverse Pt. VP Velocity (Fig. 6-16) Traverse Pt. VP V elocity (Fig. 6-16) 1 0.22 1879 1 2 0.28 2119 2 3 0.32 2260 3 4 0.33 2301 4 5 0.34 2335 5 6 0.35 2369 6 7 0.33 2301 7 e 0.31 2230 8 9 0.30 2193 9 10 0.24 1962 10 21949 0.23 0.27 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.25 1921 2081 2301 2335 2335 2369 2335 2260 2230 2003 22170 Average Velocity = 21949 + 22170 20 = 44119 20 " 2205.9 = 2206 fpm Q = VA 2206 x 3.142 = 6931.2 = 6931 scfm MT-PWHD-004736 9-30 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 2. Elevated Temperature: Air Temp = 150 F; Wet Bulb Temp. = 80 F Barometer = Std.; 24" 0 Duct Pitot Traverse #1 Pitot Traverse #2 (x to Traverse #1) Traverse Pt. VP Vs = 174 <1 VP (ts + 460) 1 0.22 2015 2 0.28 2275 3 0.32 2430 4 0.33 2470 5 0.34 2505 6 0.35 2540 7 0.33 2470 8 0.31 2395 9 0.30 2355 10 0.24 2105 23560 . ,, , ,, 23560 + 23790 47350 Average Velocity, Vs =-------- =6--------- = ~20~ = Qs = VA = 2368 x 3.142 = 7440.3 = 7440 cfm Q = Qsx 70 ts + + 460 460 = 7440 x 530 150 + 460 = 6464 scfm Traverse Pt. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 VP 0.23 0.27 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.25 Vs = (as at left) 2060 2235 2465 2505 2505 2540 2505 2430 2395 2150 23790 Short Method: Find: "standard velocity" average from measured VP's = 2206 fpm (From #1) VP for 2206 fpm = 0.30 (Fig. 6-16) at 150 F, density factor "d* = 0.87 (Fig. 6-14) VPs=? = O? = 0-345, say 0.35" Vs = 2369 fpm 3. Elevated Temperature and Moisture: Air Temp. = 150 F; Wet Bulb Temp. = 140 F; Barometer = Std; d = 0.80 (Page 13-16); 24" 0 Duct Pitot Traverse #1 Pitot Traverse #2 (x to Traverse #1) Traverse Pt. VP V 1096 Vo.075d Traverse Pt. VP Vs (as at left) 1 0.22 2100 2 0.28 2370 3 0.32 2530 4 0.33 2570 5 0.34 2610 6 0.35 2645 7 0.33 2570 8 0.31 2490 9 0.30 2450 10 0.24 2190 24525 1 0.23 2145 2 0.27 2325 3 0.33 2570 4 0.34 2610 5 0.34 2610 6 0.35 2645 7 0.34 2610 8 0.32 2530 9 0.31 2490 10 0.25 2235 24770 24*525 + 24770 4Q2Q5 Average velocity, Vg --------------------- = --go- = ^464.7 = 2465 fpm. (Vs may be found also by the Short Method shown in #2.) Qs = VA = 2465 x 3.142 = 7745 cfm of air and water mixture. Weight of mixture = Qs x 0.075 x d = 7745 x 0.075 x 0.80 = 465 lb. From page 13-16, weight of water in mixture = 0.16 lb I^O/lb dry air. I ? I I 1 i i MT-PWHD-004737 TESTING OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS ...... _________weight of mixture _ 465 _ .ni eig ry - wejg|lt 0f dry air & moisture ~ 1.16 ~ ` 401 lb Q = iStd. density 401 0.075 = 5345 scfm Alternate method: From page 13-16, humid volume = 19.3 cu ft of mixture /lb dry air (Interpolate) ^S 774'i Weight of dry air = yg-g = yg-y = 401 lb. 9-31 = 07r = 5345 scfm 4. High or Low Altitudes: Vs: Use #3. Obtain d from Fig. 6-14; interpolate for altitudes below sea level. Qs = Vs x A ' Q = Qs x d MT-PWHD-004738 Section 10 FANS The following is a brief summary of the information needed to properly select and specify fans. Fans can be divided into the following main groups: A. Axial Flow (See Figure 10-1) 1. Propeller fam This type is used for moving large quantities of air against very low static pressures and is most commonly used for general ventilation or dilution ventilation work. a. Disc or bucket blade type: Used for moving clean air against no duct resistance. b. Narrow or propeller type blade: Used for moving air against low static pressures. It is commonly used for exhausting spray booths. Air volume exhausted is sensitive to added resistance, small in crease making marked reduction in volume handled. c. Tube axial type (Duct Fan ): This is the same fan as described in `b* except that it is fabricated with in a short section of round duct. It is best suited to moving air containing condensable fumes, pig ments and other materials that will collect on fan blades. Larger fans running at slower speeds will give less trouble where such accumulations or where abrasion occurs than smaller fans running at higher speeds. 2. Vane Axial Fan: Provides economy in horsepower and space of propeller type and will develop higher pressures. To be used only with clean air. B. Centrifugal (See Figure 10-2) 1. Forward-curved blade types: A multi-bladed, `Squirrel Cage* wheel in which the leading edges of the fan blades curve toward the direction of rotation. These fans have low space requirements, low tip speeds and are quiet in operation. They are usually used against low to moderate static pressures such as encountered in heating and air conditioning work. Not recommended for dusts or fumes that would adhere to the short curved blades, causing unbalance and making cleaning difficult. 2. Straight or Radial-blade (paddle wheel. long shaving wheel): The `workhorse* for most exhaust system applications, they are used for systems handling materials likely to clog the fan wheel as the name indi cates. Such fans usually have a medium tip speed and a medium noise factor and are used for buffing exhaust, woodworking exhaust or for applications where a heavy dust load passes through the fan. 3. Backward blade type: The type in which the fan blades are inclined in a direction opposite to the fan ro tation. This type usually has a high tip speed, provides high fan efficiency and has non-overloading characteristics. Except in case of direct driven arrangements, non-over-loading feature is over empha sized in exhaust ventilation work as the exhaust system acts as a load limiting orifice to make overload ing of any exhauster motor from variations in system conditions improbable. Blade shape is conducive to buildup of material and fans in this group should be used only on clean air containing no condensable fumes or vapors. C. Special Fan Types (See Figure 10-3) 1. Airfoil - Backward curved blade centrifugal: has variations in characteristics from one manufacturer to another depending on blade shape. In general, however, when this blade is properly designed, the fan is quieter, has higher efficiency and functions smoothly without pulsation throughout its complete per formance range. 2 . In-line flow centrifugal: is a backwardly-curved bladed fan with a special housing which permits a space-saving straight line duct installation. Pressure-volume-horsepower performance curves are similar to a scroll type centrifugal fan of the same blade type. Space requirements are similar to a vane axial fan. 10-1 MT-PWHD-004739 10-2 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION DISC FAN I i I VOLUME-CFM 1 i VANE-AXIAL FAN AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS AXIAL FLOW FANS DATE 1-70 | Fig. 10-1 1202 I I I I ! I I I MT-PWHD-004740 FANS 10-3 forward curved blades 52 to m VOLUME - CFM AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DATE CENTRIFUGAL FANS 1-66 10-2 PR0DU4Qb3 JH-83 MT-PWHD-004741 10-4 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION / / i \ \ \ V. I I Airfoil blade crossection AIRFOIL - backward curved blades INLINE FLOW CENTRIFUGAL-backward curved centrifugal wheel I ! i i i i Axial fan Propeller or disc blades Centrifugal wheel Backward curved blades POWER ROOF EXHAUSTERS- upb/ast type AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS SPECIAL FAN TYPES datt Ts6 | Fig. 10-3 i 1 I 1204 PRODUCED :"Sf . a* MT-PWHD-004742 FANS 10-5 A Reference 90 Induced air Primary air B Reference 9/ Reference 92, 93 Ejector for pneumatic conveying D Reference 94 AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS AIR EJECTORS DATE 1-72 1 Fig. /0-4 -"fOD, JMm 120Srm'83 MT-PWHD-004743 10-6 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 3. Power exhausters, power roof ventilators: are package fan-stack-weather cap units. They cam be of either axial flow or centrifugal fan type. The centrifugal type does not use a scroll housing but discharges around periphery of ventilator directly to outdoors. The unit can be obtained with either the downward deflecting or upblast discharge. 4. Combination fan and dust collector; There are several types of combined fans and dust collectors on the market and if use of such equipment is contemplated, the manufacturer should be consulted for the proper application. D. Air Ejectors (See Figure 10-4) In certain types of installation it is not desirable to have the contaminated air pass through the fan. Corrosive, flammable, hot or sticky materials may affect the fan performance. Ejectors can be used for handling these materials. Also, with certain pneumatic conveying systems it may be advantageous to prevent abrasion and clogging of the fan by using ejectors. Several designs are shown: "A" illustrates a venturi ejector; *B* illustrates a straight pipe ejector; *C" shows a commercially available ejector and *D" illustrates an ejector for pneumatic conveying. Ejectors are generally very low in efficiency (5 to 12%). They are applied usually on low pressure systems, 1" to 1-1/2" SP water gauge; however, the commercially available ejector can be applied to much higher static pressures through special design. In pneumatic conveying by means of a venturi, a suction or exhaust is produced at the product feed hopper ("D") to draw the material into the air stream. Fan Selection Necessary Information for Fan Selection: 1. Volume required (cfm). 2. Fan static pressure. 3. Type of material handled through fan. a. Fibrous material, heavy dust load through fan, etc.; choose radial-blade type. b. Ordinary service; choose centrifugal (or axial flow appropriate to the pressure requirements). 4. Explosive or inflammable material; use non-sparking construction (explosion-proof motor if motor is in air stream). Conform to the standards of the National Board of Fire Underwriters and the National Fire Protection Association and State and Local Ordinances. 5. Direct driven vs. belt driven. Direct driven exhausters offer a more compact assembly and assure constant fan speed as they eliminate belt slippage that does occur where belt driven fan drives are not main tained. Fan speeds are limited to available motor speeds, introducing a very inflexible unit (except in case of Direct Current application). Flexibility of quick change in fan speed with a belt driven fan is of definite importance in many applications, accounting for the pronounced preference of ventilating engineers for the belt driven arrangement Increase in fan speed is often required to provide for increase in system capacity or pressure requirements due to changes in process, hood design, equipment loca tion or air cleaning equipment 6. Space limitations. 7. Noise (Can be a factor.) 8. Operating temperature. Sleeve bearings are suitable to 250 F; ball bearings to 550 F; and special cooling devices are required at higher temperatures. See the manufacturers' recommendations for the particular fan involved. 9. Efficiency. Select fan size that will handle the required volume and pressure with minimum horsepower. 10. Corrosive applications. Refer to fan manufacturers for special coatings or construction. Fan Rating Tables The actual selection of fan size and speed is usually made from a rating table published by the fan manu facturer. The best form of table is a `multi-rating table" (See Figure 10-5) which shows the complete range of capacities for a particular size fan. On this table will be found ratings over the entire range of pressures and j j ! , j { j . I j j r ' j j j ' j j J ^ j i j I MT-PWHD-004744 FANS 10-7 TotunM MIS sin SMS *Ovtiat Trieelty Par Ml*. TOO 889 900 I*S.F m's.r. wi.r- nr. 2* 9. F. Tip 8. P. B. H. Spaad M. P. .Tip R. P. B. H. Spaad M. P. Tip R. P. B. H. Spaad M. P. Tip B. P. b. a. Sp~d M. p. Up R. P. B.H. Spaad M. P. Tip B. P. B. H. S|--1 M. P. Tip R P, B.H. Spaad M. P. 4488 440 4628 443 4556 446 1.20 4964 487 l.SS 4981 488 1.46 4990 490 1.56 5474 587 1.70 5491 538 1.85 500 540 t.08 5002 877 2.10 5899 S7t 2.29 H16 500 2.81 6290 617 2.51 (307 610 2.73 6226 620 8.67 Ton 600 2.95 7038 690 ft.17 7065 60S 8.52 7667 788 8.87 7684 753 4.11 7701 715 4.88 4.78 8.18 7740 8514 9280 1090 1100 1200 4684 4M 4709 462 4868 476 1.60 50S8 494 1.78 $083 490 1.97 1208 510 8.01 5521 542 8.19 5542 544 8.48 5591 548 2.45 1928 508 2.67 5967 586 2.91 6081 580 2.95 6241 622 8.12 6850 624 8.38 6875 626 8.29 7072 60S 2.63 7009 695 8.94 7106 697 4.43 7718 787 4.74 7735 758 5.88 7752 760 S.86 5.82 10981 loess 11610 U99 1400 1S90 5915 408 5168 506 6138 624 8.18 5321 582 8.41 5474 586 8.67 5644 554 2.74 5695 558 2.90 5831 572 2.19 5984 506 8.14 6050 596 3.43 6187 602 5.72 6873 616 8.68 6409 428 8.95 6494 626 4.22 6679 646 4.80 TUB 690 4.49 7140 TOO 4.88 7191 70S 8.28 7769 761 5.65 7803 768 4.88 783? 768 6.87 4.90 7.80 1ZSS4 mss U9S1 14706 IS 17028 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 1200 6S2S 548 5712 S60 S899 578 6120 600 6*5* 681? 668 8.05 5814 570 5.38 5904 586 6171 4.06 6875 486 4.53 6379 646 5.S3 6970 684 2.49 6187 608 3.78 6307 618 6.17 636 4.01 6443 652 4.89 6596 646 6749 640 4.60 6664 654 l.iS 6908 678 5.06 478 4.05 -Sr-risr 7497 736 4.60 6732 4.98 6805 5.36 1 mi a. i* 7.30 7684 660 476 706 720 734 8.18 7259 712 5.38 7370 728 I.U 4.45 7604 752 7.92 8160 600 6.44 7171 772 7.78 4.81 7905 771 8.10 7.28 8109 798 9.1* 9.40 343 11.19 18576 20184 21678 8400 8600 8800 7176 714 7830 766 8530 814 6.65 7446 730 7.30 7650 750 7.91 7887 768 8.59 075 792 9.30 8500 834 18.70 tns 875 12.36 7.96 7922 776 t.49| 8109 796 9.31 8279 812 10.00 8466 830 10.85 0874 870 12.S0 9248 907 13.88 9.59 0466 830 19.28 0585 842 10.95 8755 858 11.99 8908 074 12.48 9248 907 14.05 9588 940 15.96 13828 14768 86116 1000 1206 8400 88S7 9418 868 984 11.88 0959 13.38 9503 878 938 12.05 9095 14.11 9605 892 942 12.84 oai 14.86 9690 906 950 12.68 15.71 9367 9843 910 966 14.44 9656 16.64 10132 947 992 16.98 9979 978 18.25 10387 1010 17.64 80.06 9979 978 is.a 10030 904 16.33 10115 992 17.28 10217 1002 18.00 10319 1012 18.88 10600 1040 80.58 10863 1065 22.40 Fig. 10-5. Typical Fan Rating Table speeds within the limits of the fan construction. A particular fan may be offered in various construction classes identified as I through IV (Ref. 107). A fan designated as meeting the requirements of a particular class must be physically capable of operating safely at any point within the performance limits for that class. Operating limits for each class are established in terms of outlet velocity and static pressure. Multi-rating tables will usually be shaded to indicate the selection zones for various classes and will state the maximum rpm. For the given pressure, the highest mechanical efficiency, and therefore the best selection, will usually be in the middle third of the volume column. Some manufacturers show the rating of maximum efficiency for each pressure by underscoring or similar device. In the absence of such a guide, the design engineer must either calculate the efficiency from the air horsepower formula and the rated brake horsepower or assume that the middle of the column will represent a range of high efficiency. Even with a multi-rating table it is usually necessary to interpolate in order to select a fan for the exact conditions desired. In many cases a double interpolation will be necessary. First, the interpolation should be made for the desired pressure, using the rated volume below the desired volume, and then the volume inter polation should be made, using the previously interpolated values of the speed and horsepower to arrive at the I f 2 Copocity CFM o Fig. 10-6. Typical Point of Rating PffOO(/Cfo1207 "" 83 MT-PWH D-004745 10-8 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION POOR SELECTION Fan with flat pressure curve gives wide volume variation with pressure change. variation with pressure change. EFFECT OF FAN CURVE SLOPE ) ) I Small fan used with system curve crossing fan Large fan used with curve crossing fan curve to too far to right of peak right of peak. Excessive horsepower Low horsepower Low efficiency High efficiency EFFECT OF FAN SIZE Volume of air delivered less than design flow To obtain design flow; increase fan speed increase fan SP increase fan EFFECT OF VARIATION BETWEEN DESIGN AND ACTUAL RESISTANCE AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS FAN SELECTION date U-68 | Fig. /0-7 I I I I 1208 MT-PWHD-004746 FANS 10-9 final desired rating. Straight line interpolations of a complete multi-rating table will introduce only negligible errors in the rating. Rated capacity tables which attempt to show the ratings for a whole series of homologous fans on one sheet cannot be used accurately unless the rating desired happens to be listed on the chart. Interpolation is practi cally impossible as actually only one point of the fan curve for a given speed is defined in such a table. The system designer roust always bear in mind that a fan operating at a given speed can have an infinite number of ratings anywhere along the length of its characteristic curve. These ratings can range anywhere from `static no delivery* to `free delivery.* When the fan is installed in a duct system, however, the point of rating can be only that point at which the system resistance curve intersects the fan characteristic curve. (See Figure 10-6) Thus in a given system, a fan at a fixed speed can have only a single rating. This rating can be changed only by changing the fan speed or by changing the system resistance. Fan Laws These principles governing fan operation provide a most useful tool for determining requirements where change in exhaust capacity is required for a given system. At the new speed, the new operating point will be determined by the following fan law: CFM varies directly as Fan Speed TP and SP varies as the square of fan speed HP varies as the cube of the fan speed These relationships: 1. apply only to a given system where exhaust volume change is desired without making changes in number of branches, duct sizes, or any other physical change. 2. apply only where pressure losses of each component varies as the square of the velocity through that portion. This variation does apply to hood suction, entrance loss at hoods, duct resistance, acceleration and deceleration losses and centrifugal types of dust collectors. However, pressure loss through collec tors like Fabric Arresters and some Wet Type designs does not increase as rapidly. Fabric collector resistance for a given system will vary directly with the exhaust volume. Under such circumstances it will be necessary to recalculate system pressure losses before going to fan table for new fan speed. (One common error in the use of fan tables is the failure to recognize the increase in SP and TP that is involved with increase in exhaust volume. Five inches pressure loss for a system at a known exhaust volume will increase to 5 x (1.20)1 or 7.2" if exhaust volume is to be increased 20%.) HP Formula: For rapid estimates of probable exhaust volumes or for estimating the CFM available for a given motor size, the equation for brake horsepower can often be useful: BHP = CFM x TP 6356 x ME of fan Mechanical Efficiency (ME) for most centrifugal fan operating points will be 0.50 to 0.65. TABLE 10-1 STANDARD CLASSIFICATIONS FOR SPARK RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION Reference 68 Type A B C Construction (See notes) All parts of the fan in contact with the air or gas being handled shall be made of non-ferrous material. The fan shall have an entirely non-ferrous wheel and non-ferrous ring about the opening through which the shaft passes. The fan shall be so constructed that a shift of the wheel or shaft will not permit two ferrous parts of the fan to rub or strike. Notes: (1) Bearings shall not be placed in the air or gas stream. (2) The user shall electrically ground all fan parts. 'X'xgd209 MT-PWHD-004747 10-10 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION ) i Votum in cfm Two identical fans Recommended for best efficiency A Two different fans Satisfactory Notes: 1. To establish combined fan curve, the combined air volume, Q, is the sum of individual fan air volumes at points of equal pressure 2. To establish system curve, include losses in individual fan connections. 3. System curve must intersect combined fan curve or higher pressure fan may handle more air atone. Two different fans Unsatisfactory When system curve does not cross combined fan curve, or crosses prqected combined curve before fan B, fan B will handle more air than fans A ond B in parallel. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS FANS PARALLEL OPERATION dat! j-72 r ho- 10-8 1210 i 1 I I ) ) I MT-PWHD-004748 FANS 10-11 Volume in cfm Two identical fans Recommended for best efficiency A --G B Satisfactory Notes: /. To establish combined fan curve, the combined total pressure is the sum of individual fan pressures at equal air volumes, less the pressure loss in the fan connections. 2. Air volume through each fan will be the same, since air is considered incompressible. 3. System curve must intersect combined fan curve or large volume fan may handle more air alone. Two different fans Unsatisfactory When system curve does not intersect combined fan curve, or crosses projected combined curve before fan B curve, fan B will move more air than fan A and B in series. ------- AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS FANS SERIES OPERATION date 1-72 I Fio. 10-9 MT-PWHD-004749 10-12 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Fan Selection at Gas Densities Other Than Standard Variations in density due to normal fluctuations of ambient temperature and humidity are small and need not be considered. When heat-producing processes are ventilated it is necessary to make temperature cor rections for density. Unless corrections are made the ventilation system will not handle the designed air volumes. Rating tables or performance charts are based on handling standard air with a density of 0.075 lbs per cu ft. The density of air decreases with rise in temperature, humidity and altitude, while it increases with de crease in temperature, altitude and increase in pressure. If temperature, humidity and pressure are known, the actual density can be determined from psychrometric charts (see Appendix). Density factor is the ratio of actual density to density for standard air (see Figure 6-14). Multiply 0.075 lb/cu ft by the density factor to obtain actual density. The duct friction charts (Figures 6-15A and 6-15B) are based on standard air. If these charts are used directly, only the friction loss for a given volume rate of standard air can be determined. However, if the friction loss for standard air (read from the chart) is multiplied by appropriate density factors, true friction loss is obtained for air at other densities. In selecting a fan for operation with a gas density other than standard, one characteristic of the fan is of prime importance--when operated at a fixed RPM in an unaltered system (no changes to ductwork and fittings), the fan is a constant volume machine. Even though temperature and consequently density of air entering a hood is changed, the fan will continue to move the same volume cfm. Assume an exhauster connected to an enclosure at a melting furnace and capable of moving 10,000 cfm of standard air through that system. If the entering air is heated to 600 F, the volume handled by the exhauster is still 10,000 cfm, however, at 600 F. At room temperature (70 F) this volume (10,000 acfm at 600 F) could be 5000 scfm. The flow of room tem perature air into the hoods would be reduced 50%. The fan static pressure would vary in direct ratio to changes in density. It is possible with this knowledge to select a fan from standard air rating tables to handle air at other than standard conditions. The following procedure should be used: 1. Design system using actual air volumes involved. Do not correct air volumes to standard air conditions. 2. Calculate fan static pressure as though system were handling standard air. 3. Select fan from fan rating tables using actual air volumes and fan static pressure calculated. Do not use corrected fan static pressure. The RPM thus selected is the actual speed at which the fan must be run. 4. Correct the bhp (given in fan tables) by multiplying it by the density factor. The above procedure is applicable where the weight flow or air density do not change within the duct sys tem. If weight flow rate or density vary within the system, the effect is comparable to a system alteration. In this case system resistance must be calculated in each component based on the actual density in that com ponent and the fan selected as in Section 6, Example 6. As most applications involving non-standard air are created by elevated temperatures which result in lower densities and density factors less than one, the operating power requirement will frequently be lower than the value read from the table. In this case motor size should be selected with caution. When the fan is first started, air in the system may be at lower temperature with higher density and power requirements will likely approach the value published in the rating tables. To protect the motor from overloading it is frequently sized to accommodate the tabulated value and said to have been selected from cold start-up. An alternative is to install a damper for use while the system comes up to operating temperature. This limits the volume handled and power required and allows selection of a motor only large enough to provide operating power. In recent years ventilation systems have been designed to operate at higher static pressures. Much of this is due to the use of high energy venturi type dust collectors. Static pressures at fan inlet may easily exceed 20" wg which is nearly 5% of an atmosphere (407" wg). In these cases the volume used for fan selection should be corrected to reflect the actual conditions under this high negative pressure. Volume varies in directly and density directly with changes in absolute pressure. Fan Installation Fan rating tests for volume and static pressure performance are conducted under ideal conditions, including uniform straight air flow at the fan inlet and outlet. Often, field installation creates problems of air flow which will reduce the fan's air delivery. A poor duct system can detract from the performance of any fan, no matter how well manufactured or selected. 1212 MT-PWHD-004750 FANS 10-13 Fan discharge connections affect fan performance by increasing the system resistance. In general, elbows on a fan discharge have an increased SP loss due to the normal non-uniform fan discharge velocity. Figure 10-10 illustrates typical discharge conditions and the losses which may be anticipated. Figure 10-11 illustrates typical effects of non-uniform flow caused by typical fittings at the inlet of an in dustrial centrifugal fan and were determined by a major fan manufacturer (76). These data are not precise because of the infinite variations that can occur. They are intended to illustrate the magnitude of the problem and encourage good initial system design. These results are typical of the effect of poor air flow on all fans, axial or centrifugal. Spinning flow, experienced by fans exhausting from cyclone collectors, poor inlet boxes and multiple inlet ducts, is not shown. Where such air "spin" cannot be avoided, splitters or egg-crate straighteners ahead of the fan will help reduce the effect. No toss Evase' Calculate from Fig. 6-6 and Section 6 Example 7 Fig. 10-10 Considerations as to Location: 1. Locate the fan down-stream from the dust collector if possible in order to minimize erosion and abra sion on the fan. 2. Eliminate elbows and other inlet obstructions if at all possible. Sharp elbows at the fan inlet will seri ously reduce the volume discharged. 3. If practical, select the discharge and rotation of the fan so that the discharge is in the direction desired, thus eliminating additional bends. 4. Fan should be located for easy inspection and service. Inspection and Maintenance Scheduled inspection of fans is recommended. Items checked should include: 1. bearings for overheating (greasing as required). 2. belt drives for proper tension. 3. fan wheel for proper rotation and freedom from accumulations. Accumulations on a wheel will cause vibrations that can normally be detected as bearings are checked. Fan rotation is often reversed with repair or alterations to wiring circuits or starters. As fans do move a frac tion of their rated capacity when running backward, such incorrect operation often goes unnoticed in spite of less effective performance of exhaust system. PRODUCED Ji~83 MT-PWHD-004751 10-14 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION PROBABLE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS INLET CONNECTIONS (These losses do not include friction losses) DESCRIPTION i piece elbow R/D 4 piece elbow % 5 or more piece R/o e I bow .5 1.0 2.0 6.0 1.0 2.0 8.0 I .0 2.0 8.0 X LOSS IN CFM IF NOT CORRECTED 12 6 5 5 6 4 4 5 4 4 % INCREASE NEEDED IN FAN SP TO COMPENSATE 30 13 i1 11 13 9 9 11 9 9 Mitered elbow 16 42 Square Ducts with Vanes = )=t \ No Vanes A 8 C 0 Rectangular Elbows without Vanes* *ln alI cases use of 3 long, equally spaced vanes will reduce loss and needed sp increase to 1/3 the values for unvaned eI bows. The maximum included angle of any el ement of the transition should never exceed 30. If it does, additional losses will occur. If angle is less than 30and L is not longer than the fan inlet diameter,the effect of the transition may be ignored. If it is longer,it will be beneficial because e I ba* will be farther from the fan. 2S- 5* '"`S P- > 4, 00, Ll .5 I .0 2.0 .5 I .0 2.0 .6 1 .0 2.0 17 8 6 5 4 7 4 4 12 5 4 15 8 4 45 18 13 11 9 15 9 9 30 11 9 39 18 9 73= D \ ---L--- * Each 2'/2 diameters of straight duct between fan and elbow or inlet box will reduce the adverse effect about 20%. For example, in the case of the poorest 3 pc. elbow above: No duct . . . . CFM loss = L/D = 2'A 5 Th 10 12% 10% 7% 5% 2h% Additional fon SP needed - 30% 24% 18% 12% 6% Fig. 10-11 1214 1 MT-PWHD-004752 Section 11 AIR CLEANING DEVICES Air cleaning devices remove contaminants from an air or gas stream. They are available in a wide range of designs to meet variation in air cleaning requirements. Degree of removal required, quantity and character istics of the contaminant to be removed and conditions of the air or gas stream will all have a bearing on the device selected for any given application. Air cleaning devices are divided into two basic groups: AIR FILTERS and DUST COLLECTORS. Air filters are designed to remove dust concentrations of the order found in outside air and are employed in ventilation, air conditioning and heating systems where dust loadings seldom exceed four grains per thousand cubic feet of air. Dust collectors are usually designed for the much heavier loads from industrial processes where the air or gas to be cleaned originates in local exhaust systems or process stacks gas effluents. Loadings will vary from 0.1 to 20 grains or more per cubic foot. Therefore, concentrations in dust collectors are some 100 to 20,000 times greater than that for which air filters are designed. Selection of Dust Collection Equipment Dust collection equipment is available in numerous designs utilizing a number of principles and featuring wide variation in effectiveness, first cost, operating and maintenance cost, space, arrangement and materials or construction. Consultation with the equipment manufacturer is the recommended procedure in selecting a collector for any problem where extensive previous plant experience on the specific dust problem is not avail able. Factors influencing equipment selection include: 1. Concentration and particle size of contaminant 2. Degree of collection required 3. Characteristics of air or gas stream 4. Characteristics of contaminant 5. Method of disposal 1. Concentration and Particle Size of Contaminant. Contaminants in exhaust systems cover an extreme range in loadings and particle sizes. Concentration can range from 0.1 to 20.0 or more grains of dust per cubic foot of air. In low pressure conveying systems, usual dusts range from 0.5 to 100 or more microns. Deviation from mean size (the range of over and under the mean) will also vary with the material. Some in dication of the mean particle size and deviation of typical contaminants has been included in the composite chart, Figure 11-14. 2. Degree of Collection Required. A basic decision must be made concerning the type of collector needed to do a satisfactory cleaning job for the specific problem under consideration. Evaluation will consider the need for high efficiency high cost equipment such as electrostatic precipitators, high efficiency moderate cost equipment such as fabric or wet collector units and the lower cost primary units such as the dry cen trifugal group. If either of the first two groups is indicated, the question of combination with primary col lectors should be weighed. Degree of collection required can depend on plant location; comparison of quantities of material released to atmosphere with different types of collection; nature of contaminant--its salvage value or its potential as a health hazard, public nuisance or ability to damage property--and the requirements of the local or state air pollution regulations. In remote locations damage to farms or contribution to air pollution problems of re mote cities can indicate the need and importance of effective collection equipment. Many industries, origi nally located away from residential areas, failed to anticipate the influx of residential building which frequently develops around a plant. Such lack of foresight has required installation of air cleaning equipment at greater expense than initially would have been necessary. Today, the remotely located plant must comply, in most cases, with the same regulations as the plant located in urban areas. With present emphasis on public nui sance, public health and preservation and improvement of community air quality, management can continue to expect criticism for excessive emissions of air contaminants whether located in a heavy industry section of a city or in an area closer to residential zones. Quantity of escapement (mass rate of emission) will also influence equipment. For a given concentration, the larger the exhaust volume, the greater the need for better collection equipment. Large central steam 11-1 1215 PRODUCED JM - 83 MT-PWHD-004753 11-2 INDUSTRIAL VENTIALATION generating stations will select high efficiency electric precipitators for their pulverized coal boiler stacks while a smaller industrial pulverized fuel boiler could use slightly less efficient collectors. One safe recommendation in equipment selection can be summed up as: select the collector that will allow the least possible amount of contaminant to escape and still be reasonable in first cost and maintenance as well as meet all prevailing air pollution regulations. For some applications even the question of reasonable cost and maintenance must be sacrificed to meet established standards for air pollution control or to prevent damage to health or property. It must be remembered that visibility of an effluent will be a function of the light reflecting surface area of the escaping material. Surface area per pounds increases inversely as the square of particle size which means that the removal of 80 to 90% of a dust load can remove the coarse particles without altering the stack discharge appearance. / 3. Characteristics of Air or Gas Stream. The characteristics of the carrier gas stream can have a marked bearing on equipment selection. High temperature gas streams exceeding 180 F. will prevent the use of standard cotton media in fabric collectors; presence of steam or condensation of water vapor will cause pack ing and plugging of air or dust passages in fabric and dry centrifugal collectors; chemical composition can attack fabric or metal in dry collectors and cause extremely corrosive conditions when mixed with water in wet type collectors. 4. Characteristics of Contaminant. The contaminant characteristics will also affect equipment selection. Chemical composition can cause attack on collector elements or corrosion in wet type collectors. Sticky materials like metallic buffing dust impregnated with buffing compounds can adhere to collector elements plugging collector passages. Linty materials such as dust from the textile opener, picker and napper will adhere to certain types of collector surfaces or elements. Abrasiveness of many materials in moderate to heavy concentrations such as dust from sand blasting will cause rapid wear particularly on dry type centrif ugal collectors. Particle size and shape will rule out certain collector designs. The parachute shape of particles like the "bees wings" from grain will "float" through centrifugal collectors due to their velocity of fall being slower than much smaller spherical particles of the same specific gravity. Combustible nature of many finely divided materials will influence selection of safe types of collectors for such products. 5. Methods of Disposal. Methods of removal and disposal of collected materials will vary with the mate rial, plant process, quantity involved and collector design. Dry collectors can be unloaded continuously or in batches through dump gates, trickle valves and rotary locks to conveyors or containers. Dry materials can create a secondary dust problem where careful thought is not given to dust-free material disposal or to col lector dust-bin locations suited to convenient material removal. See Figures 11-1, 11-2 and 11-3 for some typical discharge arrangements and valves. Wet collectors can be arranged for batch removal or continual ejection of dewatered material by flight conveyors or draining as a slurry. Secondary dust problems are eliminated although disposal of wet sludge can be a material handling problem. Solids carry-over in waste water can create a sewer or stream pollu tion problem if waste water is not properly clarified. Material characteristics can influence disposal problems. Packing and bridging of dry materials in dust hoppers, floating or slurry forming characteristics in wet collectors are examples of problems that can be encountered. Dust Collector Types Electrostatic Precipitators The high voltage electrostatic precipitator, Figure 11-4, is the predominant collector in the high efficiency, high cost group. It should not be Confused with the low voltage, small dust holding designs used for filtration in air conditioning systems. The principle of collection relies on the ability to impart a negative charge to particles in the gas stream causing them to move and adhere to the grounded or positively charged collector plates. Most precipitators are made for horizontal air flow with velocities of 100 to 600 fpm. The collecting plates or electrodes are parallel elements, usually on 9-inch centers, and constructed in various ways including corrugated or per forated plates or rod curtains. The electrode rods are centered between the collector plates. Voltage dif ference between electrode and plate is 60,000 to 75,000 volts in most designs. Collector plates of cylindrical shapes surrounding the electrode rod are provided where water is used to wash off collected material and where the gas stream is under high pressure or vacuum. j j j j < i 121& PRODUCED M-83 I I MT-PWHD-004754 AIR GLEANING DEVICES Bog or collector sock n* Collector Vent to collector or inlet duct 11-3 Pug mill, sluice, pneumatic conveyor or screw conveyor Enclosure j . ^--Disposable bag or tote box _Ll Collapsed bag n AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DRY TYPE DUST COLLECTORS DUST DISPOSAL DATE 1-68 | Fig. //-/ MT-PWHD-004755 11-4 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Removal of the collected material is obtained by rapping or vibrating the elements either continuously or at predetermined intervals. Vibration or unloading usually takes place without stopping air flow through the precipitator, although some loss to the effluent air can be expected in most applications during the cleaning cycle. Pressure drop is negligible. Collection efficiency is high and nearly uniform regardless of particle size including sub-micron particles (see Figure 11-14). Space is relatively large and cost is high where small gas volumes (below 50,000 cfm) are involved due to the cost of high voltage electrical equipment. Efficiency is improved with increased humidity of the air stream as a change takes place in the dielectric properties of the dust. Heavy concentrations, on the other hand, cause a reduction in collection as the space charge on numerous particles blankets the corona effect from the electrode. Electrostatic precipitators have been extensively used in high temperature gas cleaning from equipment such as blast furnaces, open hearth furnaces and central station pulverized fuel boilers. The chemical in dustry has many applications including sulfuric acid plants, carbon black, cement kilns and soda ash from paper mill black liquor furnaces. As voltage setting is close to the spark-over potential, application is limited to materials that are not explosive or combustible in nature unless the carrier gas stream is an inert gas. Fabric Collectors Fabric arresters are high efficiency, medium cost collectors. The effectiveness of passing air or gas through a fabric at low velocity has been recognized and used for many years in air cleaning devices. Fabric is arranged in envelope or tubular (stocking) shapes as illustrated in Figure 11-5. While removal appears to take place by a straining action of the media, in reality collection is obtained by building up a mat of the mate rial on the dirty air side of the media. This mat provides the actual filtering or straining bed. By means of this bed a high degree of removal is obtained even on sub-micron size particles. Where new fabric is placed in service, visible escapement will often occur during initial operation until the buildup of the dust mat occurs. Escapement may also occur through sealing devices used to fasten and support the fabric. These collectors are used extensively in industry for a wide range of applications. They require more space than most other types of air cleaning devices, necessitating outdoor installation in most cases. Erec tion cost is high due to prevailing practice of completely knocked-down construction when shipped by the manufacturer. The problem of dry dust removal often introduces a secondary dust condition. The usual fabric is a specially woven cotton, although wool, paper, glass cloth and synthetic fabrics may be used in certain applications. In recent years glass cloth has come into wide use because of silicone treat ment of the glass fibers and employment of reverse flow techniques for cleaning. Silicone treatment provides a lubricant between fibers and increases fabric life. Glass cloth is generally used in reverse flow collectors for high temperature gas streams and special applications where conventional fabrics are unsatisfactory. Fabric collectors are limited to air conditions dry enough to prevent condensation or free moisture de position on the fabric. With hygroscopic materials, there will be a bonding tendency between particles and fabric under high relative humidity even though no condensation takes place. Maximum recommended tem perature for cotton fabric is 180 F, for wool 200 F. Higher temperatures can be handled by using synthetic materials including nylon or orlon fabrics as well as glass cloth and, occasionally, fine metallic mesh. The synthetic fabrics may be used up to 275 F while glass cloth is acceptable to 550 F. Equipment cost is in creased considerably with these special media. Considerable data has been presented to show variation in rate of resistance rise during the initial cycle of loading of clean fabric. Such investigations are largely academic as the pressure drop of different fabrics for the same application and rating will be comparable after the dust mat has been formed. As dust is collected on the fabric, resistance to air flow increases. Periodically the fabric must be re conditioned by shaking, vibrating, reverse jet or reverse-flow collapse which agitates sufficiently to remove the bulk of adhering material allowing it to drop into the dust hopper. In most collectors air flow must be stopped during reconditioning, otherwise released material will be re-entrained and redeposited on the fabric. Sufficient dust must adhere to the fabric to maintain the dust mat needed for maximum efficiency; therefore, after reconditioning the pressure drop will be considerably higher than loss through new fabric. Rate of flow through the media varies with collector type, application and dust concentration. Ratings are usually selected so pressure drop will not exceed 5" wg. The smaller the particle, the more rapid the re sistance rise for a given loading. For the same air flow rate and dust loading., resistance rise increases directly in proportion to time. Air flow is in the laminar range where resistance through the fabric at any stage of loading will vary directly with change in air flow. Influence of higher air flow rates or longer in tervals between reconditioning can be calculated from these relationships. MT-PWHD-004756 AIR CLEANING DEVICES 11-5 DUST DOOR Rubber gasket Simitar to dust door but designed for direct attachment to dust chute external pipe or canvas connection. SLOE GATE OUST GATE For intermittent, manual dumping where dust toads are tight. Flange for connection to dust disposal chute. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DRY TYPE DUST COLLECTORS DISCHARGE VALVES _ __ | fjq- n_2 isrW'83 MT-PWHD-004757 'S|| 11-6 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Figure 11-6 illustrates these relationships. Line A indicates that for one application the pressure drop across the arrester would drop to 1-inch after vibration and increase as the first power to 2.5-inches at the end of 4 hours operation; 4-inches, if the vibration cycle was delayed until 8 hours of operation. By keeping the same air flow rate but doubling the dust loading (dust to be same material and to have same median par ticle size), resistance after vibration would still be 1-inch, although resistance would increase to 4-inches at the end of 4 hours operation. Line C illustrates the problem of trying to increase air flow rate. Doubling the air flow rate through the fabric will double the resistance after vibration. With the same dust loading per cubic foot as in condition A, resistance rise will increase as the square or four times as fast as in condition A. The second power relationship is the combination of increased dust loading rate and increased air flows (twice as many pounds of dust must be collected on a square foot of fabric when the air flow rate through the cloth is doubled). Intermittent-Duty Fabric Collectors. These types may use either envelope or stocking arrangement of the fabric but will generally employ shaking or vibrating as a means of reconditioning. Periodically (usually at 4 to 6 hour intervals) the air flow must be stopped to effect reconditioning--thus the classification "Intermittent". Rate of flow through the media seldom exceeds 4 fpm and often is as low as 2 fpm. Ratings are usually selected so pressure drop will be in the 2" to 5" wg range between start and end of a cycle. Figure 11-7 illustrates the system air flow characteristics where an intermittent-duty fabric collector is employed. As dust is accumulated on the media, resistance to flow increases and air flow decreases until the fan is stopped and the media reconditioned. Variation in air flow due to changing pressure losses is some times a disadvantage and when coupled with requirement to periodically stop flow may preclude use of the intermittent collectors. Multiple-Section, Continuous-Duty, Automatic Fabric Collectors. The disadvantages of stopping the air flow to permit vibration and variations in air flow can be overcome in several ways. Use of sectional arres ters, as indicated in Figure 11-5, allows continuous operation of the exhaust system as automatic dampers periodically take one section out of service for reconditioning the fabric while the remaining sections handle the entire gas volume. The larger the number of sections, the nearer the pressure loss will remain constant. The use of reverse air flow to increase effectiveness of removing adhering material is sometimes ineorporated in such designs. Reverse-flow collapse type and occasionally reverse-jet type collectors utilize the multiple-section principle. I i > Figure 11-7 also shows air flow versus time for multiple-section collectors. Each individual section or compartment has an air flow versus time characteristic like that of the intermittent collector but the varia- I I tion is reduced as a result of the multiple compartments. Note the more constant air flow characteristic of the five-compartment unit as opposed to the three-compartment design. Since an individual section is out of service only 3 to 5 minutes for reconditioning and remaining sections handle the entire gas volume at this j time, it is possible to clean the media more frequently than with the intermittent type. Thus the multiple- *?' section collectors can handle higher dust concentrations. Compartments are reconditioned in fixed sequence with allowance for adjustment of time lapse between cleaning of individual compartments. j When employing shakers as a means of reconditioning, rate of flow through the media (air to cloth ratio) will range from 2 to 4 fpm as with the intermittent type. Generally this air to cloth ratio is based on net cloth area available when one compartment is out of service for reconditioning. Reverse-Jet, Continuous-Duty, Fabric Collectors. There are several types of reverse-jet cloth collectors. The reverse-jet type differs from the conventional arresters in its use of high pressure air to clean the fab ric (see Figure 11-8). j j 1. One type uses high pressure air (30-40" wg) from a traveling "blow ring" to dislodge the collected cake from inside the fabric tube. Since dust laden air enters the top of the fabric tube, air flow within the stocking is downward to the hopper allowing the fabric to be cleaned without stopping air flow. J Multiple sections or compartmentation is not required for continuous duty. The "blow ring" is nor- * mally operated continuously. S 2. Another type uses high pressure compressed air (100 psi) to break the dust cake from the exterior of I the fabric tube or envelope by the intermittent application of the reverse-jet compressed air. In some * collectors of this type multiple sections are utilized. Other collectors apply the compressed air on only one or very few tubes or envelopes at a time while preventing air flow in adjacent tubes or envelopes and decreasing the possibility of re-entrainment and redeposition. . | Cleaning or reconditioning by the reverse-jet method is more complete than that obtained by vibrating or shaking. Higher air flow rates are possible due to the short reconditioning cycle. Air flow rates of 6 to 12 AIR CLEANING DEVICES 11-7 For continuous removal of collected dust where hopper is under negative pressure. Curtain is kept dosed by pressure differential until collected material builds up sufficient height to overcome pressure. TRICKLE VALVE Hopper Rotary valve Drive Motor driven multiple blade rotary valve provide jair lock while continuously dumping collected material. Can be used with hoppers under either positive or negative pressure. Flanged for connection to dust disposal chute. ROTARY LOCK Motor drivenr double gate valve for continuous removal of collected dust. Gates are sequenced so only one is open at a time in order to provide air seal. Flanged for connection to dust disposal chute. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DRY TYPE DUST COLLECTORS DISCHARGE VALVES date 7-68 I Fig. If-3 1221 '83 MT-PWHD-004759 11-8 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION fpm are usual. For light duty applications rates of 20 fpm and higher have been reported. Pressure loss will be more nearly uniform (generally 4" to 6" wg if properly rated) and exhaust air volume will be more nearly constant. Fabric collectors of this type may be more expensive and require added maintenance for the cleaning mechanism. Reverse-flow Collapse, Continuous-Duty Collectors. Reverse-flow collapse cleaning is generally used with glass cloth media which is fragile and requires a gentle cleaning technique. Reverse-flow glass cloth collectors have been widely used for collection of dust from cement kilns, rotary furnaces in the chemical industry and other special applications. Reversing the gas flow provides a gentle collapse of the fabric usually in a "four point star" breaking the dust cake which falls by gravity into the hopper. Compartmentation is required for continuous service. Rate of flow through the media is from 1 to 2 fpm based on net cloth area. Wet Collectors Wet collectors are commercially available in many different designs. There are more types of wet col lectors than there are differing devices in the other three groups. Wet type collectors have the ability to handle high temperature and moisture-laden gases. The collection of dust in a wetted form eliminates a secondary dust problem in disposal of collected material. Some dusts represent explosion or fire hazards when dry and wet collectors eliminate or at least reduce the hazard. However, the use of water may introduce corrosive conditions within the collector and freeze protection may be necessary if collectors are located outside in cold climates. Space requirements are nominal; pressure losses and collection efficiency vary widely with the design. Wet collectors show a wide range of performance. Several investigators have attempted to define the parameters of cleaning efficiency for wet collectors. As a result it is generally accepted that--for welldesigned equipment--the efficiency depends on the energy input per cfm of air only and is independent of operating principle. Efficiency is a function of total energy input per cfm whether the energy is supplied to the air or the water. This relationship applies only when the energy is expended in the gas-liquid contacting process. Well-designed collectors by different manufacturers with equivalent power requirements will demonstrate comparable efficiencies. Wet collectors (particularly the high energy-high efficiency types) are being used more frequently as the solution of air pollution problems. It should be realized that disposal of collected material in water without clarification or treatment may create water pollution problems. Wet collectors have one distinct characteristic not found in other collectors--their inherent ability to humidify. Humidification, the process of adding water vapor to the air stream through evaporation, may be either advantageous or disadvantageous depending on the situation. Where the initial air stream is at an elevated temperature and not saturated, the process of evaporation reduces the temperature and the volume of the gas stream leaving the collector. Assuming the fan is to be selected for operation behind or on the clean air side of the collector it may be smaller and will definitely require less power than if there had been no cooling through the collector. This is one of the obvious advantages of humidification. The user should be aware of humidification and should consider its effects before finalizing design of the entire system. While all wet collectors humidify, the amount of humidification varies between designs. Most manufacturers publish the humidifying efficiency for their equipment and will assist in evaluating the effects. Chamber or Spray Tower. Chamber or spray tower collectors consist of a round or rectangular chamber into which water is introduced via spray nozzles. There are many variations of design but the principal mechanism is impaction of dust particles on the liquid droplets created by the nozzles. These droplets are separated from the air stream by centrifugal force or impingement on water eliminators. Pressure drop is relatively low, on the order of 1/2" to 1-1/2" wg, but water pressures range from 10 to 400 psi. The high pressure devices are the exception rather than the rule. In general this type of collector utilizes low pressure supply water and operates in the lower efficiency range of wet collectors. Where water is supplied under high pressure, as with fog towers, collection efficiency reaches the upper range of wet collectors. For conventional equipment, water requirements are reasonable with a maximum of about 5 gpm per 1,000 SCFM of gas. Fogging types using high water pressure may require as much as 10 gpm per 1,000 SCFM of gas. Packed Towers (See Figure 11-9). Collectors in this group are essentially contact beds through which gases and liquid pass either concurrently, counter-currently or in cross-flow and are used primarily for j , ) j ^ J I j ) ; j ' | , j j | ] ' J 1 ) 1 1222 MT-PWHD-004760 AIR CLEANING DEVICES High tension support frame High voltage insulators 11-9 Ionizer Collector plates LOW VOLTAGE DESIGN 12.000 to 13,000 volts on ionizer 6.000 to 7,000 volts on collector plates HIGH VOLTAGE DESIGN Discharge electrode (normoiiy negotive) 30,000 to 75,000 volts. Collecting plates ore usually grounded. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS EL EC TROS TA TIC PRECIPITA TO R DATE 1-68 Fig. 11-4 MT-PWHD-004761 11-10 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION CLOTH TUBE OR STOCKING TYPE MULTIPLE SECTION CONTINUOUS AUTOMATIC AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST) FABRIC COLLECTORS PATE 1-68 I Fig. 11-5 1234 I AIR CLEANING DEVICES 11-11 applications involving gas, vapor and mist removal. These collectors will capture solid particulate matter but are not used because dust will plug the packing requiring unreasonable maintenance. Water flow rates of 5 to 10 gpm per 1,000 SCFM are frequent. Water is distributed over V-notched ceramic or plastic weirs. High temperature deterioration is avoided by use of brick linings permitting 1600 F gases direct from furnace flues. Air flow pressure loss for 4' beds of packing such as ceramic saddles or coke range from 1-1/2" to 3-1/2" wg with respective face area velocities of approximately 200 to 300 fpm. Wet Centrifugal (See Figure 11-10). Wet centrifugal collectors comprise a large portion of the commer cially available designs. This type utilizes centrifugal force to accelerate the dust particle and impinge it upon a wetted collector surface. Water rates are usually 2 to 5 gpm per 1,000 SCFM of gas cleaned. Water distribution can be from noz zles, gravity flow or induced water pickup. Pressure drop is on the order of 2" to 6" wg. As a group, these collectors are more efficient than the chamber type. Some are available with different numbers of impingement sections. Fewer sections offer lower efficiency, lower cost, less pressure drop and smaller space requirements. Others contain multiple collecting tubes. These relatively small tubes provide higher collection efficiency in the same manner as the multi-tube small diameter cyclones and are more efficient than large diameter cyclones of the dry mechanical group. Wet Dynamic Precipitator (See Figure 11-11). This type uses water sprays within a fan housing and ob tains precipitation of the dust particles on the wetted surfaces of an impeller with special fan blade shape. No internal pressure drop is involved although mechanical efficiency is somewhat lower than the mechanical efficiency of standard exhaust fans. Orifice Type (See Figure 11-11). In this group of wet dust collector designs, the air flow through the col lector is brought in contact with a sheet of water in a restricted passage. Water flow may be induced by the velocity of the air stream or maintained by pumps and weirs. Pressure losses vary from 1" or less in water wall spray booth collector designs to from 3" to 6" in most industrial collector arrangements. Pressure losses as high as 20" are used with some collectors designed to collect very small particles. Venturi (See Figure 11-10). This collector uses a venturi-shaped constriction to establish throat velocities considerably higher than those experienced with the orifice type. Gas velocities through venturi throats may range from 12,000 to 24,000 fpm. Water is supplied at or ahead of the throat through piping or jets and will range from 5 to 15 gpm per 1,000 SCFM of gas. The collection mechanism of the venturi is impaction. As with wet collectors in general, the collection efficiency of the venturi increases with higher pressure drops. Different pressure drops are achieved by designing for selected gas velocities in the throat. Some venturi collectors are manufactured with adjustable throats allowing a range of pressure drops for a given volume or for conditions where the volume is variable and a constant pressure drop is desired. Systems are available with throat pressure drops as low as 5" and as high as 100" wg. The venturi itself is a gas conditioner causing intimate contact between the particulates in the gas and the multiple jet streams of scrubbing water. The resulting mixture of gases, fume-dust agglomerates and dirty water must be channeled through a separation section for the elimination of entrained droplets as shown in Figure 11-10. Dry Centrifugal Collectors The use of centrifugal force to throw a dust particle to the periphery of an air stream has been used in the cyclone collector for many years. Dry centrifugal collector design can be divided into two basic groups cataloged by their effectiveness in removal of smaller dust particles. The Cyclone Collector (See Figure 11-12) - is commonly applied for the removal of coarse dusts from an air stream, as a pre-cleaner to more efficient dry or wet dust collectors and/or as a separator in product conveying systems using an air stream to transport material. Principal advantages are low cost, low main tenance and low pressure drop (in order of 3/4 to 1-1/2"), but cannot be used for collection of fine particles. High Efficiency Centrifugals (See Figure 11-12) - have been developed whereby higher centrifugal forces are exerted on dust particles in a gas stream. Centrifugal force is a function of peripheral velocities and angular acceleration and improvement in dust separation efficiency has been obtained by (a) increasing PRODUCED JM -83 MT-PWH D-004763 11-12 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 1226 MT-PWHD-004764 AIR CLEANING DEVICES 11-13 INTERMITTENT DUTY FABRIC COLLECTOR AIR FLOW, cfm 3 Compartment 5 Compartment MULTIPLE SECTION, CONTINUOUS DUTY FABRIC COLLECTOR Note: The flow variation has been exaggerated and does not represent the percentage change which would be smaller. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS AIR FLOW THROUGH FABRIC COLLECTORS DATE t-68 I Fio~ih7 1227 PRODUCED 83 MT-PWHD-004765 11-14 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Symbols Parts A Glean air outlet B Reverse airblower C Reverse air nozzle (jet) D Reverse air cleaning action E Dirty air inlet F Dust hopper G Hopper valve and/or dust feeder TRAVELING RING TYPE PRESSURE JET TYPE AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS FABRIC COLLECTORS CONTINUOUS CLEANING TYPES ( Fig. iTF 122$ MT-PWHD-004766 AIR CLEANING DEVICES 11-15 MT-PWHD-0047R7 11-16 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION velocities through a cyclone shaped collector; (b) utilizing a shimmer or other design feature; (c) using a number of small diameter cyclones in parallel and (d) placing units in series in some unusual applications. While such collectors do not generally reach as high an efficiency on small particles as do the electro static, fabric or some wet type units, their effective collection range is appreciably extended beyond that of the conventional low-pressure cyclone. Pressure losses of collectors in this group range from 3 to 8" wg. The Dry Type Dynamic Precipitator (See Figure 11-12) - can be placed in the high efficiency group. In this collector, dust is precipitated by centrifugal force on to specially shaped blades on an exhauster wheel and then conveyed through a dust circuit in the fan casing to the dust storage hopper. Louver Type - Centrifugal forces can be applied to a particle by a rapid change in direction of air flow by series of plates set at an angle to the air stream. Coarser particles traverse the air stream and will project back to the dirty air side by the forces that can be produced from such an impact. Efficiency will be essentially a function of louver spacing. The closer the spacing, the higher the efficiency but also the greater the probability of plugging of the air passages--plugging due to both buildup on the front and back of the louver and mechanical obstruction by larger particles. For a louver spacing practical for industrial air cleaning appli cations, efficiency will drop off the same as in other dry type centrifugals. Settling Chambers While theoretically it would be possible to settle out dust in a large chamber when conveying velocities are reduced to the point where the particles would no longer be conveyed, such devices have little practical application in dust collecting equipment. Extreme space requirements and the presence of eddy currents to nullify the effective velocity mean that settling chamber type of collectors can be used only for removal of extremely coarse particles. Unit Collectors To fill the need for dust collection from isolated, portable or frequently relocated dust producing opera tions, a number of unit collector designs are available having capacities in the range of 200 to 1,000 cfm. Featuring small space and designed to recirculate the air, collectors of this type have been used extensively, especially in the metal working industry. Most of the criticism leveled at this group has been prompted by their misapplication where purchasers have failed to appreciate their limitations. Intended for lighter dust loads and/or intermittent operations, the dust holding and storage capacity, servicing facilities and longer periods between maintenance have all been sacrificed, in many cases, for small space and low first cost. While performance can be completely satisfactory for lighter loads such as tool room grinders, occasionally used cut-off saws or light loadings for package filling, applications should be carefully examined before installation is recommended for continuous dust producing operations which release moderate or heavy quantities of fine dust. Their use also becomes questionable where a larger number of unit collectors are installed within an area in which a central exhaust system would be practical. The dust removal and servicing requirements from a number of such unit collectors are expensive and are more apt to be slighted than would be the case with a single large collector with its one dust disposal point, its greater dust storage capacity and a construction that could reduce frequency of service and maintenance attention required. Unit collectors, Figure 11-13, normally fall into two groups. Fabric collectors use cloth envelopes quite closely spaced with some manual means of vibration and with air velocities through the fabric of 8 to 12 fpm. The fan filter group uses an air filter, usually of the viscous impingement type, preceded by some primary collector which may be a simple settling chamber or a more effective centrifugal collector. Additional Aids in Dust Collector Selection The collection efficiencies of the five basic groups of air cleaning devices have been plotted against mass mean particle size (Figure 11-14). The graphs were found through laboratory and field testing and were not compiled mathematically. The number of lines for each group indicates the range that can be expected for the different collectors operating under the same principle. Variables such as type of dust, velocity of the air, water rates, etc., will also account for the range. Deviation lines shown in the upper right hand corner of the chart are the results of a mathematical calcula tion to enable the prediction of mass mean particle size of material in the effluent of a collector if the inlet mean size is known. Space does not permit a detailed explanation of how the slopes of these lines were deter mined and it should suffice to illustrate how they are used in the following example. It should also be pointed j j i I j j i j ' I | I . | , j , I i I ODUced 1230 83 I MT-PWHD-004768 AIR CLEANING DEVICES 11-17 Symbols Ports A Clean oir outlet. B Entrainment separator. C Water inlet. 0 Impingement plates E Dirty air inlet. F Wet cyclone for collecting heavy material. 6 Water and sludge drain. 3b AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS WET TYPE DUST COLLECTORS datI 1-68 H Fia. !H0~ MT-PWHD-0047fi9 11-18 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Entrainment separators- -Dirt and water discharged at blade tips. Water and sludge outlet. TYPICAL WET ORIFICE TYPE COLLECTOR Dirty atr Met. Water spray nozzle. WET-TYPE DYNAMIC PRECtPITA TOR AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS WET TYPE DUST COLLECTOR DATE 1-68 Fig. //-// 1 O \i ODUCED MT-PWHD-004770 AIR CLEANING DEVICES 11-19 HIGH EFFICIENCY CENTRIFUGALS DRY TYPE DYNAMIC PRECIP1TA TOR AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS DRY TYPE CEN TRIFUGAL COL L EC TORS date 1-68 I Fig. 11-12 PRODUCED 1233 JM-83 MT-PWHD-004771 11-20 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Outlet I I i i i AIR FILTER TYPE NOTES: l These units are not intended for production operations. 2. Install pressure drop gage to indicate need for cleaning or filter replacement. 3. Automatic fabric cleaning is preferred. Manual methods are unreliable without careful scheduling and supervision. 4. Recirculation (return) of air to workroom is not permitted with many materials. Consult State and Local Codes. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS UNIT COLLECTORS date t-72 | Fia. 11-13 I s i I I I 1234 J" -S3 MT-PWHD-004772 AIR CLEANING DEVICES 11-21 MT-PWHD-004773 11-22 1.00 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION O cvi > k) (o % Q CFM - THOUSANDS A - High temperature fabric collector (continuous duty) 0 - Reverse jet fabric collector (continuous duty) C - Wet collector (maximum cost range) D - Intermitfont duty fabric collector E~ High efficiency centrifugal collector F- Wet collector (minimum cost range) G- Low pressure drop cyclone (maximum cost range) H- High vo/toge precipitators / - High voltoge precipitators (minimum cost range) Note I: Cost based on collector section only. Cost does not include ducting, water requirement, power requirement or exhousters (unless exhaust is integral part of secondary air circuit.) Note 2: Cost of continuous duty sectional fabric collector approaches cost of reverse jet continuous duty collector. Note 3: Price of electrostatic precipitators will vary with the contact time and the electrical equipment required. Price shown are for fly ash installations when high velocities of 300 to 600 fpm are usual. Precipitators for metallurgical fumes, etc, will be considerably higher in cost per cfm. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS COST ESTIMATES OF DUST COLLECTING EQUIPMENT date {-68 | Fig, th/5 MT-PWHD-004774 AIR CLEANING DEVICES 11-23 out that the deviation lines should not be used for electrostatic precipitators but can be used for the other groups shown at the bottom of the graph. Example: A suitable collector will be selected for a lime kiln to illustrate the use of the chart. Referring to the chart, the concentration and mean particle size of the material leaving the kiln can vary between 3 and 10 grains per cubic foot with 5 to 10 microns the range for mass mean particle size. Assume an inlet con centration of 7.5 grains/cu ft and inlet mean particle size of 9 microns. Projection of this point vertically downward to the collection efficiency portion of the chart will indicate that a low resistance cyclone will be less than 50% efficient; a high efficiency centrifugal will be 60 to 80% efficient and a wet collector, fabric arrester and electrostatic precipitator will be 97% plus efficient. The latter three collectors are often pre ceded by a precleaner so a high efficiency centrifugal will be selected. Using the average line of this group, the efficiency will be 70%. Therefore, the effluent from this collector will have a concentration of 7.5 x (1.00 - 0.70) = 2.25 grains/cu ft. Draw a line through the initial point with a slope parallel to the deviation lines marked "industrial dust". Where deviation is not known, the average of this group of lines will normally be sufficiently accurate to predict the mean particle size in the collector effluent. Where this line intersects the horizontal line marked 2.25 grains/cu ft, a vertical line through the point will indicate the effluent mean particle size of 6.0 microns. A projection of this point of collector effluent vertically downward shows that a second high efficiency centrifugal will be less than 50% efficient. A wet collector, fabric arrester and electrostatic precipitator will be not less than 94% efficient. Selection of a good wet collector will show an efficiency of 98%. The effluent leaving this collector will have a concentration ofi2.25x(l.00-0.98)= 0.045 grains/cu ft. Using the line initially drawn, at the point where it intersects the line of 0.045 grains/cu ft, will indicate a mean particle size in the effluent of 1.6 microns. In Figure 11-17, an effort has been made to report types of dust collectors encountered for a wide range of industrial processes. While many of the ratings are purely arbitrary, they may serve as a guide in selecting the type of dust collector most frequently used. Control of Mist, Gas and Vapor Contaminants Previous discussion has centered on the collection of dust and fume or particulate existing in the solid state. Only the Packed Tower was singled out as being used primarily to collect mist, gas or vapor. It should be realized that the character of a mist aerosol is very similar to that of a dust or fume aerosol and that mist can be removed from an air stream by applying the same principles which are used to remove solid particulate. Many of the- devices previously described, or equipment quite similar, are used to collect mist. Standard wet collectors are used to collect many types of mists. Specially designed electrostatic precipitators are fre quently employed to collect sulfuric acid or oil mist. Even fabric and centrifugal collectors, although none of the types specifically described earlier, are widely used to collect oil mist generated by high speed machining. Equipment designed specifically to control gas or vapor contaminants can be classified as: 1. Absorbers 2. Adsorbers 3. Thermal Oxidizers 4. Direct Combustors 5. Catalytic Oxidizers Absorbers: Absorbers remove soluble or chemically reactive gases from an air stream by contacting them with a suitable liquid. The equipment provides intimate contact between the gaseous contaminant and absorbent but may vary widely in design and performance. Removal may be by absorption if the gas solubility and vapor pressure promote absorption or chemical reaction. Water is the most frequently used absorbent, but additives are frequently required and occasionally other chemical solutions must be used. Packed towers (Figure 11-9) are typical absorbers. Adsorbers: Adsorbers remove contaminants by collection on a solid. No chemical reaction is involved as adsorption is a physical process where molecules of a gas adhere to surfaces of the solid adsorbent. Activated carbon or molecular sieves are popular adsorbents. Thermal Oxidizers: Thermal oxidizers or afterburners may be used where the contaminant is combustible. The contaminated air stream is introduced to an open flame or heating device followed by a residence chamber where combustibles are oxidized producing carbon dioxide and water vapor. Most combustible contaminants can be oxidized at temperatures between 1000 and 1500 F. The residence chamber must provide sufficient dwell time and turbulence to allow complete oxidation. MT-PWHD-004775 11-24 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Direct Combustors: Direct combustors differ from thermal oxidizers by introducing the contaminated gases and auxiliary air into the burner itself as fuel. Auxiliary fuel, usually natural gas or oil, is generally required for ignition and may or may not be required to sustain burning. Catalytic Oxidizers: Catalytic oxidizers may be used where the contaminant is combustible. The con taminated gas stream is preheated and then passed through a catalyst bed which promotes oxidation of the combustibles to carbon dioxide and water vapor. Metals of the platinum family are commonly used catalysts which will promote oxidation at temperatures between 700 and 900 F. To use either thermal or catalytic oxidation, the combustible contaminant concentration must be below the lower explosive limit. Equipment specifically designed for control of gaseous or vapor contaminants should be applied with caution when the air stream also contains solid particles. Solid particulate can plug absorbers, adsorbers and catalysts and, if non-combustible, will not be converted in thermal oxidizers and direct combustors. Air streams containing both solid particles and gaseous contaminants may require appropriate control devices in series. Dust Collection Equipment Cost The variation in equipment cost, especially on an installed basis is difficult to estimate and any figures to use for comparisons are complicated unless a thorough knowledge of the factors included or the items not included are carefully evaluated. Factors which make useful cost estimates difficult to furnish include: Price Versus Capacity - All dust collector prices per cfm of gas handled will vary with the volume in volved. The smaller the volume, the higher the cost per cfm. The break point, where price per cfm cleaned tends to level off, will vary with the design, as can be noted from a few typical curves shown on Figure 11-15. Accessories Included - Careful analysis of components of equipment included is very important. Some collector designs include exhaust fan, motor, drive and starter, In other designs, these items and their supporting structure must be secured from other sources by the purchaser. Likewise, while dust storage hoppers are integral parts of some dust collector designs, they are not provided in other types. Duct connections between elements may be included or omitted. Recirculating water pumps and/or settling tanks may be required and may not be included in the equipment price. Installation Cost - Installation cost can equal or exceed the cost of the collector, depending on method of shipment (completely assembled, sub-assemblies or completely knocked down), on location which may require expensive rigging to put in place and on expensive supporting steel and access platforms. The cost picture can be measurably influenced by the need for water and drain supply, special or extensive electrical work and expensive material handling equipment for collection material disposal. Items in the latter group will often also be a variable decreasing in cost per cfm as the volume of gas to be cleaned increases. Special Construction - Prices shown in any tabulation must necessarily assume standard or basic con struction. Increase in cost for corrosion resisting material, special high temperature fabrics, insultation and/or weather protection for outdoor installations, can introduce a multiplier one to four times standard construction cost. With all the reservations mentioned, some idea of dust collector costs is provided in Figure 11-15- The additional notes and explanations included in this data should also be carefully examined before data is used for estimating cost of specific installations. In the final analysis, it will be safer for management to call in the equipment manufacturer or installer and to get estimates for his specific problem unless a past history record for similar control problems is available. Figure 11-16 lists other characteristics that must be evaluated along with equipment cost. Price estimates included in Figure 11-15 are for equipment of standard construction in more usual ar rangement. Estimates for exhausters and dust storage hoppers have been included as indicated in Notes 1 and 2 where they are normally furnished by others. Prices can be multiplied by factors of 1 to 4 where special metals and/or special fabrics are indicated to resist corrosion and/or high temperatures. Installed costs are subject to even wider variations due to assembly work required on location, rigging costs based on actual location selected for equipment, supporting structures and foundations, variation in electrical, plumbing, connecting duct work that may be involved. Installed dust collecting cost estimates can range from 120 to 200% or more of the cost of collector as shipped by the manufacturer. | j j I ' | i j , { j i I , | ) i I 1238 MT-PWHD-004776 A IR CLEANING DEVICES FIGURE 11-16 - COMPARISON OF SOME IMPORTANT DUST COLLECTOR CHARACTERISTICS Type Higher Efficiency Range on Particles Greater than Mean size in Microns Pressure Loss Inches H,0 Gal per 1,000 CFM Space Sensitivity to CFM Change Pressure Efficiency Humid Air Influence Max. Temp., F. Standard Construction Electrostatic 0.25 Fabric: Conventional 0.25 Reverse Jet 0.25 Glass, Reverse flow Wet: Packed Tower Wet Centrifugal Wet Dynamic Orifice Types 0.25 1-5 1-5 1-2 1-5 Higher Efficiency: Fog Tower 0.5-5 Venturi 0.5-2 Dry Centrifugal: Low Pressure Cyclone20-40 High Eff. Centrifugal 10-30 Dry Dynamic 10-20 1/2 3-6 3-8 3-8 1.5-3.5 2.5-6 Note 2 2 1/2-6 2-4 10-100 0.75-1.5 3-6 Note 2 - - - - 5-10 3-5 1/2 to 1 10-40 5-10 5-15 - - - Large Large Moderate Large Large Moderate Small Small Moderate Moderate Large Moderate Small Negligible Yes Improves Efficiency 500 As cfm As cfm As cfm Negligible Negligible Negligible May Make Reconditioning difficult 180 Note 1 180 550 As cfm As (cfm)^ Note 2 As cfm or less Yes Yes >11 No vNone . Varies with [ design J I Unlimited J As (cfm)^ As (cfm)2 Slightly Yes None Note 3 Unlimited As (cfm)^ As (cfm)^ Note 2 Yes Yes No May cause * condensation and plugging 750 750 750 11-25 MT-PWHD-004777 to o co ca Co rn Note 1: 180 F based on cotton fabric. Synthetic fabrics may be used to 275 F. Note 2: A function of the mechanical efficiency of these combined exhausters and dust collectors. Note 3: Precooling of high temperature gases will be necessary to prevent rapid evaporation of fine droplets. 11-26 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION Operation Concern trotian Hotel CERAMICS a. Raw product handling b. Fettling light light c. R#froctory tiling d. Glaze | vltr. enamel spray Heavy moderate CHEMICALS a. Material handling b. Crushing, grinding c. Pneumatic conveying d. Roasters, kilns, coalers light to moderate moderote to heovy very heavy heovy COAL MINING AND POWER PLANT a. Material handling b. Bunker ventilation c. Dedusting, air cleaning d. Drying moderate moderote heavy moderote fly ASH a. Coal burning--chain grate b. Coal burning--stoker tired light moderate c. Coal burning--pulverized fuel d. Wood burning heavy varies FOUNDRY a. Shakeout b, Sand handling light to moderate moderote c. Tumbling mills d. Abrasive cleaning heavy moderate to heavy GRAIN ELEVATOR, FLOUR AND FEED MILLS a. Grain handling b. Grain dryers d. Feed mill light light moderate moderate METAL MELTING a. Steel blast furnace b. Steel open hearth heovy moderate c. Steel electric furnace d. Ferrous cupola e. Non-ferrous reverberatory f. Non-ferrous crucible light moderate varied light METAL MINING AND ROCK PRODUCTS a. Material handling moderote b. Dryers, kilns c. Cement rock dryer moderote moderate d. Cement kiln heovy e. Cement grinding f. Cement clinker coaler moderate moderote Particle Sixes Nete 2 COLLECTOK TYPES USED IN INDUSTRY Cyclone High Eff. Wet Fabric Centrifugal Collector Arrester Ht-Veff. Electro static See Remark He. fine fine to medium coarse medium rare rare seldom no seldom occasional occasional no frequent frequent frequent usual frequent frequent frequent occasional no no no no 1 2 3 fine to medium fine to coarse fine to coarse mad-coarse occasional oiten usual occasional frequent frequent occasional usual frequent frequent rare usual frequent frequent usual rare rare no no often 4 s 6 7 medium fine med-coorse fine rare occasional frequent rare occasional frequent frequent occasional frequent occasional occasional frequent frequent frequent often no no no no no 8 9 10 11 fine no rare no no no 12 fine to rare usual no no rare coarse Ena rare frequent no no frequent 13 coarse occasional occasional no no no 14 fine rare fine to medium med-coarse fine to medium rare no no medium coarse medium medium usual no usual usual rare rare no occasional usual usual frequent frequent occasional rare frequent frequent no no no no occasional no often often rare no occasional occasional frequent no frequent frequent no no no no 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 voried fine to coarse fine varied fine fine frequent no no occasional no no rare no no occasional no no frequent doubtful no possible considerable frequent frequent frequent rare ? rare occasional frequent usual rare rare ? ? 23 24 25 26 27 28 fine to medium med-coarse fine to medium fine to medium fine eoarse rare frequent rare rare rare occasional occasional frequent frequent frequent rare occasional usual frequent occasional rare no ? considerable ? rare no occasional occasional considerable considerable frequent ? rare ? 29 30 31 32 33 34 METAL WORKING a. Production grinding, match brushing, abrasive cut off b. Portable end swing frame c. Buffing d. Tool room #. Cast iron machining light light light light moderate coarse medium varied fine voried frequent rare frequent frequent rare PHARMACEUTICAL AND FOOD PRODUCTS a. Mmi*aor\,, gynrindDesri*i, wifteigigmhinngi!, bBl,e(nndwinng|,. begging, packaging b. Coating pans PLASTICS a. Raw material processing b. Plastic finishing RUBBER PRODUCTS a. Mixers b. Bafchouf rolls c. Tolc dusting and dedusting d. Grinding light voried medium fine to medium rare rare (See comments under Chemicois) light to moderate varied frequent moderate light moderate moderate fine fine medium coarse no no no often WOODWORKING a. Woodworking machines b. Sanding c. Waste conveying, hogs moderate moderate heovy varied fine varied usual frequent usual frequent frequent rare frequent frequent considerable considerable no frequent considerable no frequent rare no frequent frequent no considerable considerable no frequent rare frequent frequent freauent frequent I no frequent frequent frequent no no no no often frequent usual frequent frequent usual frequent usuol often no no no no occasional occasional rare rare oceosionol occasional frequent frequent occasional no no no 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 Not# 1: Light' le thon 2 gr/ft3; Moderate: 2 to 5 g*/ft\- Heavy; 5 gr/tt3 and up. Not* 2; Fir*: 50% lest than 5 micron*; Medium: 50% 5 to 15 micron*; Coarse; 50% 15 micron* and larger. Fig. 11-17 I i ) ) ! I I I I I ) I MT-PWHD-004778 AIR CLEANING DEVICES 11-27 REMARKS REFERRED TO IN FIG. 11-17 1. Dust released from bin filling, conveying, weighing, mixing, pressing, forming. Refractory products, dry pan and screening operations more severe. 2. Operations found in vitreous enameling, wall and floor tile, pottery. 3. Grinding wheel or abrasive cut-off operation. Dust abrasive. 4. Operations include conveying, elevating, mixing, screening, weighing, packaging. Category covers so many different materials that recommendation will vary widely. 5. Cyclone and high efficiency centrifugals often act as primary collectors followed by fabric or wet type. 6. Cyclones used as product collector followed by fabric arrester for high over-all collection efficiency. 7. Dust concentration determines need for dry centrifugal; plant location, product value determines need for final collectors. High temperatures are usual and corrosive gases not unusual. 8. Conveying, screening, crushing, unloading. 9. Remote from other dust producing points. Separate collector usually. 10. Heavy loading suggests final high efficiency collector for all except very remote locations. 11. Difficult problem but collectors will be used more frequently with air pollution emphasis. 12. Public nuisance from boiler blow-down indicates collectors are needed. 13. Large installations in residential areas require electrostatic in addition to dry centrifugal. 14. Public nuisance from settled wood char indicates collectors are needed. 15. Hot gases and steam usually involved. 16. Steam from hot sand, adhesive clay bond involved. 17. Concentration very heavy at start of cycle. 18. Heaviest load from airless blasting due to higher cleaning speed. Abrasive shattering greater with sand than with grit or shot. Amounts removed greater with sand castings, less with forging scale removal, least when welding scale is removed. 19. Operations such as car unloading, conveying, weighing, storing. 20. Collection equipment expensive but public nuisance complaints becoming more frequent. 21. Operations include conveyors, cleaning rolls, sifters, purifiers, bins and packaging. 22. Operations include conveyors, bins, hammer mills, mixers, feeders, and baggers. 23. Primary dry trap and wet scrubbing usual. Electrostatic is added where maximum cleaning required. 24. Collectors seldom installed in past. Air pollution emphasis indicates collector usage to increase. 25. Air pollution standards will probably require increased usage of fabric arresters. 26. Collectors not usually provided but air pollution emphasis creating greater interest. 27. Zinc oxide loading heavy during zinc additions. Stack temperatures high. 28. Zinc oxide plume can be troublesome in certain plant locations. 29. Crushing, screening, conveying involved. Wet ores often introduce water vapor in exhaust air. 30. Dry centrifugals used as primary collectors, followed by final cleaner. 31. Collection equipment installed primarily to prevent public nuisance. 32. Collectors usually permit salvage of material and also reduce nuisance from settled dust in plant area. 33. Salvage value Of collected material high. Same equipment used on raw grinding before calcining. 34. Coarse abrasive particles readily removed in primary collector types. 35. Roof discoloration, deposition on autos can occur with cyclones and less frequently with high efficiency dry centrifugal. Heavy duty air filters sometimes used as final cleaners. 36. Linty particles and sticky buffing compounds can cause pluggage and fire hazard in dry collectors. 37. Unit collectors extensively used, especially for isolated machine tools. 38. Dust ranges from chips to fine floats including graphitic carbon. 39. Materials vary widely. Collector selection depends on salvage value, toxicity, sanitation yardsticks. 40. Controlled temperature and humidity of supply air to coating pans makes recirculation desirable. 41. Plastic manufacture allied to chemical industry and vary with operations involved. 42. Operations and collector selection similar to woodworking. See Item 13. 43. Concentration is heavy during feed operation. Carbon black and other fine additions make collection and dust-free disposal difficult. 44. Often no collector used where dispersion from or location of exhaust stack favorable. 45. Salvage of collected material often dictates type of high efficiency collector. 46. Fire hazard from some operations must be considered. 47. Bulking material. Collected material storage and bridging from splinters and chips can be a problem. 48. Dry centrifugals not too effective on heavy concentration of fine particles from production sanding. 49. Primary collector invariably indicated with concentration and particle size range involved, wet or fabric collectors when used are employed as final collectors. MT-PWHD-004779 11-28 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION FIGURE 11-18--COMPARISON OF SOME IMPORTANT AIR FILTER CHARACTERISTICS Air filters should be used only for supply air systems or other applications where dust loading does not exceed 4 grains per 1000 cubic feet of air. TYPE Pressure Drop in we Initial Final Glass Throwaway (2" Deep) High Velocity (Permanent Units) (2" Deep) Low Velocity (Permanent Units) (2" Deep) Automatic (Viscous) Automatic (Semi-Dry) Replaceable Media (Permanent Units) Electrostatic (Replaceable Media) Electrostatic (Manual Cleaning) Electrostatic (Automatic Cleaning) Ultra High Efficiency (Asbestos or glass fibre media) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.37-0.5 0.25-0.40 0.03-0.13 0.06-0.1 0.18-0.29 0.092-0.32 0.8-1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 Note 2 Note 2 0.5-1.0 0.5 Note 2 Note 2 2.0-3.0 Average Efficiency AFI NBS 77% Note 5 73% Note 5 68% Note 5 80% 85% 86-93% Note 4 Note 4 Note 4 Note 3 Note 5 Note 5 Note 5 64% 85-90% 85-90% Note 3 Face Velocity fpm 300 432 300 500 500 250 250 300-450 400-500 250 Maintenance Labor Cost Medium High High Low High Low Low Low Low Low Medium Low Medium Low High High Low Low Medium High Note 1: Values shown constitute a range or average, whichever is applicable. Note 2: Final pressure drop indicates point at which filter or filter media is removed and the media is either cleaned or replaced. All others are cleaned in place, automatically, manually or media renewed automatically. Therefore, pressure drop remains approximately constant. Note 3: 99.97% by particle count, DOP. Note 4: A FI is the Air Filter Institute test based on efficiency by weight. Test is not applicable where results approach 100%, therefore, not appropriate for comparison. Note 5: NBS is the National Bureau of Standards test by discoloration using atmospheric dust. Test is not applicable where results are unreliable due to comparatively low order of efficiency of the filter. Air Cleaning Equipment for Radioactive and High Toxicity Operations There are three major requirements for air cleaning equipment involving radioactive or high toxicity appli cations. High efficiency is required due to the extremely low tolerances for the amount and concentration of stack effluents; the valuable nature of the materials handled and the accountability in some instances of radio active materials. The problem of low maintenance is of special importance when exhausting these hazardous materials. When it is realized that the operation of changing the bags in a conventional fabric arrester may expend the daily radiation tolerances of 20 or more men, the importance of low frequency, speed and ease of maintenance is evident. Also important is the factor of low residual buildup of material in the collector since excessive amounts will increase the amount of radiation and reduce the allowable working time. I24?, RODUCED - 83 MT-PWHD-004780 AIR-CLEANING DEVICES 11-29 The third major problem is due to the inability to dispose of appreciable amounts of radioactive or toxic materials either by air, water or land; for example, scalping filters loaded with radioactive dust usually have to be incinerated to reduce quantity of material disposal in special burial grounds. The incineration in turn will require a fume scrubber or wet collector. This same factor sometimes complicates the use of wet col lectors where they might otherwise be applicable because the contaminated water effluent would require further chemical treatment to avoid stream pollution. With these factors involved, it is necessary to select a dust collecting device that will meet the requiremerts efficiency-wise without causing too much difficulty from a standpoint of maintenance and methods of disposal of the collected material. Air-Cleaning Equipment Used: Dry centrifugal type collectors are usually eliminated immediately because of lack of collection efficiency. In fabric arresters, the reverse jet type collector with wool felt media has become almost a standard be cause: 1. Efficiency has been constantly demonstrated to be superior to the conventional fabric where shaking or rapping the media is required for reconditioning. 2. Higher filter velocities mean less exposure to personnel when bags are removed or servicing required. 3. Residual material on the media is less primarily because of the smaller area of bag surface. In wet collector designs, the orifice type is usually selected because of fewer internal elements for possi ble accumulations, maintained efficiency with changes in air volume and recycling of water without the need of auxiliary equipment such as pump or nozzles. Wet collectors will usually be selected because: 1. Temperature and moisture prevent the use of fabric arresters. 2. Water may offer the more convenient method of disposal of collected material either due to plant facili ties or prevention of creating a secondary dust hazard if collected material is handled dry. 3. Exhaust air contains corrosive gases or vapors requiring special materials of construction. In the electrostatic group, the low voltage type is not used too frequently because of comparatively high service factor. The high voltage group will normally only be used when temperature prevents fabric ar resters and required collection efficiency eliminates wet collectors. Filters are frequently used as an integral part of laboratory hoods (VS-203 and 204) or dry boxes (VS-202). They are primarily scalping filters to prevent excessive concentration of contaminated material in the exhaust piping. Depending on the concentration, they will be backed up by an ultra high-efficiency filter or dust collector. Due to limited dust holding capacity, these filters may require frequent replace ment, resulting in excessive exposure to radioactive or toxic dusts. MT-PWHD-004781 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. American Air Filter Company, `Rotoclone Dust Control,* January, (1946). 2. American Society of Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers, Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Guide, (1963). 3. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, "Power Test Code 21,* Test Code for Dust-Separating Appa ratus, (1941). 4. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, "Power Test Code 19.2.5,* Liquid Column Gauges, (1942) 5. Anemostat Corporation, "Anemotherm Air Meter,* 10 East 29th Street, New York 16, New York. 6. Bloomfield, J. J., and DallaValle, J. M., "The Application of Engineering Surveys to the Hatters Fur Cut ting Industry,* U.S.P.H.S. 7. Brandt, A. D., Industrial Health Engineering, John Wiley and Sons, New York, (1947). 8. Brandt, Allen D., "Should Air Be Recirculated from Industrial Exhaust Systems?,* Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, 19, 69, (August, 1947). 9. DallaValle, J. M., "Exhaust Hoods,* Industrial Press, New York, (1946). 10. Dreesen, W. C., et al., "A Study of Asbestosis in the Asbestos Textile Industry,* Public Health Bulletin 241, (August, 1938). 11. Drinker, P., and Hatch, T., Industrial Dust. McGraw-Hill, New York, (1936). 12. Drinker, P., and Snell, J. R., "Ventilation of Motion Picture Booths,* Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 20, 321, (April, 1938). 13. Fen, O. E., "The Collection and Control of Dust and Fumes from Magnesium Alloy Processing,* Peter s- Dalton, Inc., (January, 1945). 14. Hartzell Propeller Fan Company, Bulletin 1001. 15. Hastings Instrument Company, "Air Meter,* Box 1275, Hampton, Virginia. 16. Hatch, T., "Design of Exhaust Hoods for Dust Control Systems,* Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxi cology, 18, 595, (1936). 17. Hatch, T., et al., "Control of the Silicosis Hazard in the Hard Rock Industries, n. An Investigation of the Kelley Dust Trap for Use with Pneumatic Rock Drills of the Jackhammer Type,* Journal of Industrial Hy giene, 14, 69, (February, 1932). 18. Hay, P. S., Capt., "Modified Design of Hay Dust Trap,* Journal of Industrial Hygiene, 12, 28, (January, 1930). 19. Hemeon, W. C. L., "Air Dilution in Industrial Ventilation,*Heating and Ventilating, 38, 41, (February, 1941). 20. Huebscher, R. G., `Friction Equivalents for Round, Square and Rectangular Ducts,* Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, 19, 127, (December, 1947). 21. Illinois Testing Laboratory, `Alnor Thermo-Anemometer,* Chicago 10, Illinois. 22. Kane, J. M., "Foundry Ventilation,* The Foundry, (February and March, 1946). 23. Kane, J. M., "The Application of Local Exhaust Ventilation to Electric Melting Furnaces,* Trans. Am. Foundrymen's Assoc., 52, 1351, (1945). 24. Kane, J. M., "Design of Exhaust Systems,* Heating and Ventilating, 42, 68, (November, 1945). 25. Kane, J. M., "Foundry Ventilation,* University of Michigan Inservice Training Course (October, 1945). 26. Madison, R. D., and Elliot, W. R., "Friction Charts for Gases Including Correction for Temperature, Vis cosity and Pipe Roughness,* Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, 18, 107, (October, 1946). 27. Moucher, S. C., "Principles of Air Flow,* Sheet Metal Workers, (September, 1947). 28. AMCA Standard 210-67, Air Moving and Conditioning Assn., Inc., 205 W. Toughy Ave., Park Ridge, Illinois, 60068. 29. Neal, P. A., et al., "Mercurialism and Its Control in the Felt-Hat Industry,* Public Health Bulletin 263, (1941). 30. New York Department of Labor, "Rules Relating to the Control of Silica Dust in Stone Crushing Opera tions,* Industrial Code Rule No. 34, (July, 1942). 31. Oddie, W. M., "Pottery Dusts; Their Collection and Removal,* Pottery Gazette, 53, 1280, (1928). 32. Page, R. T., and Bloomfield, J. J., "A Study of Dust Control Methods in an Asbestos Fabricating Plant,* Reprint No. 1883, Public Health Reports, (November 26, 1937). 33. Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry, "Abrasive Wheel Manufacture,* Safe Practice Bulletin No. 13. 34. Postman, B. F., "Practical Application of Industrial Exhaust Ventilation for the Control of Ocupational Exposures,* American Journal of Public Health, 30, 149, (1940). 12-1 MT-PWHD-004782 12-2 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 35. Riley, E. C., et aL, `How to Design Exhaust Hoods for Quartz-Fusing Operations,* Heating and Ventilat ing, 37, 23, (April, 1940). 36. Riley, E. C., and DallaValle, X. M., "A Study of Quartz-Fusing Operations with Reference to Measurement and Control of Silica Fumes,* Public Health Reports, 54, 532, (1939). 37. Rothmann, S. C., "Economic Recovery of Pottery Glazes with Reduction of Dust,* American Journal of Public Health, 29, 511, (1939). 38. Silverman, Leslie, `Velocity Characteristics of Narrow Exhaust Slots,* Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 24, 267, (November, 1942). 39. B. F. Sturtevant Company, "What We Make," Catalog No. 500. 40. Tuve, G. L., and Wright, D. K., "Air Flow Measurements at Intake and Discharge Openings and Grilles,* Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, 12, 501, (August, 1940). 41. Tuve, G. L., "Measuring Air Flow at Intake or Exhaust Grilles,* Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, 13, 740, (December, 1941). 42. Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., "Control of Floating Dust in Grain Elevators,* Underwriters Laborato ries Bulletin of Research No. 1, (December, 1937). 43. Wahlen, F. G., "The Wahlen Gage,* Engineering Experimental Station Bulletin 20, University of Illinois, (March, 1921). 44. Witheridge, W. N., `Principles of Industrial Process Ventilation,* University of Michigan Inservice Train ing Course, (October, 1945). 46. Yaglou, C. P., "Ventilation of Wire Impregnating Tanks Using Chlorinated Hydrocarbons,* Journal of In dustrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 20, 401, (June, 1938). 47. Yaglou, C. P., Committee on Atmospheric Comfort, A.P.H.A., "Report Presented at the 77th Annual Meet ing, A.P.H.A., New York City, October 27, 1949.* 48. Adolph, E. E., `Tolerance of Man Toward Hot Atmospheres," Supplement #192, Public Health Reports, 1946. 49. "Your Place in the "Smart Man's War',* Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, 14, 463, August, 1942. 50. Factory Mutual Insurance Company, "Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Solids*, Factory Mutual Solvent Data Sheet 36.10, January, 1945. 51. Malin, Benjamin S., "Practical Pointers on Industrial Exhaust Systems", Heating and Ventilating, 42, 75, February, 1945. 52. National Board of Fire Underwriters, "Standard for Class A Ovens and Furnaces*, Pamphlet #86. 53. United States Bureau of Mines, "Limits of Flammability of Gases and Vapors", Bulletin #503. 54. Silverman, Leslie, "Centerline Velocity Characteristics of Round Openings Under Suction*, Journal of In dustrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 24, 259, November, 1942. 55. Schulte, H. F., Hyatt, E. C., and Smith, Jr., F. S., "Exhaust Ventilation for Machine Tools Used on Ma terials of High Toxicity*, A.M.A. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, 5, 21, January, 1952. 56. Mitchell, R. N., and Hyatt, E. C., "Beryllium--Hazard Evaluation and Control Covering a Five-Year Study", American Industrial Hygiene Quarterly, 18, No. 3, September, 1957. 57. Hemeon, W. C. L., Plant and Process Ventilation, Industrial Press. 58. Manufacturing Chemists' Association, "Technical Data on Plastics," February, 1957. 59. First, M. W., and L. Silverman: `Airfoil Pitometer," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 42, 301-308, Feb. 1950. 60. Stoll, H. W.: "The Pitot-Venturi Flow Element,* Transactions ASME, 963-969, Oct. 1951. 61. "Air Speed Nozzle,* Bulletin ME-186-A, Republic Flow Meters Co., Chicago, Illinois, April 1948. 62. `Encyclopedia of Instrumentation for Industrial Hygiene,* University of Michigan, Institute of Industrial Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 63. Dwyer Manufacturing Company, `Magnehelic Gage,* P.O. Box 373, Michigan City, Indiana. 64. Burton, J. R., Quaker Oats Company, Chicago, Illinois, * Friction Chart.* 65. Syllabus, "Short Course for Industrial Hygiene Engineers," U.S. Dept, of Health and Welfare, Public Health Service, p. B-25,7. 66. National Bureau of Fire Underwriters Bulletin 96, "Ventilation of Restaurant Cooking Equipment," July 1959. 67. American Air Filter Co., Inc., "Usual Exhaust Requirements (for) Grain Elevators, Feed and Flour Mills,* April, 1956. 68. Air Moving and Conditioning Assn., Detroit, Mich. 69. Pring, Robert T., `Dust Control in Large-Scale Ore-Concentrating Operations," American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Tech. Publication #1225, Feb., 1940. 70. Langley, M. Y., Harris, Jr., R. L., Lee, D. H. K., `Calculation of Complex Radiant Heat Load from Sur rounding Radiator Surface Temperatures," American Industrial Hygiene Assn. Journal, 24, Mar., 1963, pps. 103-112. 71. Thor Power Tool Company, Aurora, Illinois. 1245 BIBLIOGRAPHY 12-3 72. Chamberlin, Richard I., `The Control of Beryllium Machining Operations," American Medical Assn., Archives of Industrial Health, 19, No. 2, Feb., 1959. 73. The Black and Decker Tool Company, Towson, Md. 74. Hoffman Air and Filtration Div., Clarkson Industries, Inc., N.Y., N.Y. 75. Alexander, J. M., Croley, Jr., J. J., and Messick, R. R., "Use of Vortex Tube for Cooling Wearers of Industrial Protective Clothing," U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Report DP-861, Office of Technical Services, U. S. Dept, of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C., October, 1963, ($.50). 76. Trickier, C. J., Engineering Letter E-4R, New York Blower Company, LaPorte, Indiana. 78. New York State Department of Labor, Division of Industrial Hygiene. 79. Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating, Volume 60, No. 3, March, 1963. 80. Hama, George, M. S., Frederick, W., ScD., and Monteith, H., M. S., `Air Flow Requirements for Under ground Parking Garages," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,Vol. 22, No. 6 December, 1961. 81. Feiner, B., and Kingsley, I., `Ventilation of Industrial Ovens," Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating, pp. 82-89, December, 1956. 82. U. S. Air Force Technical Order 00-25-203, "Standards and Guidelines for the Design and Operation of Clean Rooms and Clean Work Stations," Office of Technical Services, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., July, 1963. 83. Federal Standard No. 209, `Clean Room and Work Station Requirements, Controlled Environment," Office of Technical Services, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., December 16, 1963. 84. Austin, Philip R., and Timmerman, Stuart W., `Design and Operation of Clean Rooms," Business News Publishing Company, Detroit, 1965. 85. Constance, J. A., `Estimating Air Friction in Triangular Ducts," Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilat ing, Vol. 60, No. 6, June, 1963, pp. 85-86. 86. McKarns, J. S.; Confer, R. G. and Brief, R. S., `Estimating Length Limits for Drain Type Stacks," Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, Vol. 37, No. 7, July, 1965. 87. Clark, J. H., `Design and Location of Building Inlets and Outlets to Minimize Wind Effect and Building Re-entry of Exhaust Gases," 25th Annual Meeting, American Industrial Hygiene Association, April 29, 1964. 88. British Steel Castings Research Association, "Dust Control on Stand Grinding Machines," Conditions in Steel Foundries, First Report of Joint Standing Committee, London, 1961. 89. The Kirk and Blum Mfg. Co., "Woodworking Plants", pp W-9, Cincinnati, Ohio. 90. American Foundrymen's Society, Engineering Manual for Control of In-Plant Environment in Foundries, 1956, Des Plaines, Illinois. 91. Alden, John L., Design of Industrial Exhaust Systems, 1939, Industrial Press, 200 Madison Ave., New York, New York 10016. 92. The Quickdraft Corporation, P. O. Box 1353, Canton, Ohio. 93. Boies, Robert B., "Air Eductors Used to Handle Noxious and Corrosive Fumes', Air Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 6, June, 1965. 94. Private Communication, E. A. Carsey, The Kirk and Blum Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio 45209. 95. Harris, W. B., Christofano, E. E., and Lippman, M., "Combination Hot Plate and Hood for Multiple Beaker Evaporation", American Industrial Hygiene Assn. Journal, Vol. 22, No. 4, August, 1961. 96. Dieter, W. E., Cohen, L., and Kundick, M. E., "A Stainless Steel Fume Hood for Safety in Use of Perchloric Acid", U. S. Deot. of Interior. 1964. 97. Lynch, Jeremiah R., `Computer Design of Industrial Exhaust Systems," Heating, Piping & Air Condi tioning, September, 1968. 98. Hama, George, "A Calibrating Wind Tunnel for Air Measuring Instruments," Air Engineering, December, 1967, pp. 18-20, 41. 99. Hama, George, "Calibration of Alnor Velometers," American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, December, 1958. 100. Hama, George, and Curley, L. C., "Instrumentation for the Measurement of Low Velocities with a Pitot Tube," Air Engineering, July, 1967, and American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, May-June, 1967. 101. Yaffe, C. D., Byer, D. H., and Hosey, A. D., Encyclopedia of Instrumentation for Industrial Hygiene, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1956, pp. 703-709. 102. Airflow Developments Ltd., Lancaster Rd., High Wycombe, Bucks., England. 103. Heating and Cooling for Man and Industry, American Industrial Hygiene Association, 1969. 104. ASHRAE Guide & Data Book. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers, 1961, p. 243. 105. F. W. Dwyer Company, Michigan City, Indiana. 106. HPAC Data Sheet, "How to Design Drain Type Stacks," Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, June, 1964, p. 143. MT-PWHD-004784 12-4 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION 107. Air Moving and Conditioning Assn., 30 W. University Dr., Arlington Heights, 111., 60004, AMCA Standard 2408-69. 108. U. S. Dept, of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, D. C., Federal Register. Vol. 36, No. 105, May 29, 1971, `Occupational Safety and Health Standards', National Concensus Standards and Established Federal Standards." I I I I / 1247 MT-PWHD-004785 APPENDIX THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES FOR 1970 Threshold limit values refer to airborne concentrations of substances and represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse effect. Because of wide variation in individual susceptibility, however, a small percentage of workers may experience discomfort from some substances at concentrations at or below the threshold limit, a smaller percentage may be affected more seriously by aggravation of a pre-existing condition or by development of an occupational illness. Simple tests are now available (J. Occup. Med. 9, 537, 1967; Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 151 Art. 2, p. 968, 1968) that may be used to detect those individuals hvpersusceptible to a variety of industrial chemicals (respiratory irritants, hemolytic chemicals, organic isocyanates, carbon disulfide). These tests may be used to screen out by appropriate job placement the hyperreactive worker and thus in effect improve this `coverage* of the TLV's. Threshold limit values refer to time-weighted concentrations for a 7 or 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek. They should be used as guides in the control of health hazards and should not be used as fine lines between safe and dangerous concentrations. (Exceptions are the substances listed in Appendices A and E and those substances desig nated with a C* or Ceiling value, Appendix C. Time-weighted averages permit excursions above the limit provided they are compensated by equivalent excur sions below the limit during the workday. In some instances it may be permissible to calculate the average con centration for a workweek rather than for a workday. The degree of permissible excursion is related to the magnitude of the threshold limit value of a particular substance as given in Appendix C. The relationship between threshold limit and permissible excursion is a rule of thumb and in certain cases may not apply. The amount by which threshold limits may be exceeded for short periods without injury to health depends upon a number of factors such as the nature of the contaminant, whether very high concentrations--even for short periods--produce acute poisoning, whether the effects are cumulative, the frequency with which high concentrations occur, and the duration of such periods. All factors must be taken into consideration in arriving at a decision as to whether a hazardous condition exists. Threshold limits are based on the best available information from industrial experience, from experimental human and animal studies, and, when possible, from a combination of the three. The basis on which the values are established may differ from substance to substance; protection against impairment of health may be a guiding fac tor for some, whereas reasonable freedom from irritation, narcosis, nuisance or other forms of stress may form the basis for others. The committee holds to the opinion that limits based on physical irritation should be considered no less binding than those based on physical impairment. There is increasing evidence that physical irritation may initiate, pro mote or accelerate physical impairment through interaction with other chemical or biologic agents. In spite of the fact that serious injury is not believed likely as a result of exposure to the threshold limit concen trations, the best practice is to maintain concentrations of all atmospheric contaminants as low as is practical. These limits are intended for use in the practice of industrial hygiene and should be interpreted and applied only by a person trained in this discipline. They are not intended for use, or for modification for use, (1) as a relative index of hazard or toxicity (2) in the evaluation or control of community air pollution or air pollution nuisances, (3) in estimating the toxic potential of continuous uninterrupted exposures, (4) as proof or disproof of an existing disease or physical conditions, or (5) for adoption by countries whose working conditions differ from those in the United States of America and where substances and processes differ. Ceiling vs Time-Weighted Average Limits. Although the time-weighted average concentration provides the most satisfactory, practical way of monitoring airborne agents for compliance with the limits, there are certain sub stances for which it is inappropriate. In the latter group are substances which are predominantly fast acting and whose threshold limit is more appropriately based on this particular response. Substances with this type of re sponse are best controlled by a ceiling *C* limit that should not be exceeded. It is implicit in these definitions that the manner of sampling to determine compliance with the limits for each group must differ; a single brief sample, that is applicable to a `C* limit, is not appropriate to the time-weighted limit: here, a sufficient number of sam ples are needed to permit a time-weighted average concentration throughout a complete cycle of operations or throughout the work shift. Whereas the ceiling limit places a definite boundary which concentrations should not be permitted to exceed, the time-weighted average limit requires an explicit limit to the excursions that are permissible above the listed values. The magnitude of these excursions may be pegged to the magnitude of the threshold limit by an appropriate factor shown in Appendix C. It should be noted that the same factors are used by the Committee in making a judg ment whether to include or exclude a substance for a *C* listing. `Skin* Notation. Listed substances followed by the designation `Skin* refer to the potential contribution to the over-all exposure by the cutaneous route including mucous membranes and eye, either by air-borne, or more par ticularly, by direct contact with the substance. Vehicles can alter skin absorption. This attention-calling designa- 13-1 13-2 APPENDIX tion is intended to suggest appropriate measures for the prevention of cutaneous absorption so that the threshold limit is not invalidated. Mixtures. Special consideration should be given also to the application of the TLV's in assessing the health hazards which may be associated with exposure to mixtures of two or more substances. A brief discussion of basic considerations involved in developing threshold limit values for mixtures, and methods for their development, am plified by specific examples are given in Appendix B. Nuisance Dusts. In contrast to fibrogenic dusts which cause scar tissue to be formed in lungs when inhaled in excessive amounts, so-called 'nuisance* dusts have a long history of little adverse effect on lungs and do not pro duce significant organic disease or toxic effect when exposures are kept under reasonable control. The nuisance dusts have also been called (biologically) "inert* dusts, but the latter term is inappropriate to the extent that there is no dust which does not evoke some cellular response in the lung when inhaled in sufficient amounts. However, the lung-tissue reaction caused by inhalation of nuisance dusts has the following characteristics: 1) The architec ture of the air spaces remains intact. 2) Collagen (scar tissue) is not formed to a significant extent. 3) The tissue reaction is potentially reversible. Excessive concentrations of nuisance dusts in the workroom air may seriously reduce visibility (iron oxide), may cause unpleasant deposits in the eyes, ears and nasal passages (Portland Cement dust), or cause injury to the skin or mucous membranes by chemical or mechanical action per se or by the rigorous skin cleansing procedures necessary for their removal. A threshold limit of 10 mg/M3, or 30 mppcf, of total dust <1% SiC>2 whichever is less, is recommended for sub stances in these categories and for which no specific threshold limits have been assigned. This limit, for a normal workday, does not apply to brief exposures at higher concentrations. Neither does it apply to those substances which may cause physiologic impairment at lower concentrations but for which a threshold limit has not yet been adopted. Some "inert* particulates are given in Appendix D. Simple Asphyxiants--"Inert* Gases or Vapors. A number of gases and vapors, when present in high concentrations in air, act primarily as simple asphyxiants without other significant physiologic effects. A TLV may not be recommended for each simple asphyxiant because the limiting factor is the available oxygen. The minimal oxygen content should be 18 percent by volume under normal atmospheric pressure (equivalent to a partial pressure, pOj of 135 mm Hg). Atmospheres deficient in O2 do not provide adequate warning and most simple asphyxiants present an explosion hazard. Account should be taken of this factor in limiting the concentration of the asphyxiant. Spe cific examples are listed in Appendix E. Physical Factors. It is recognized that such physical factors as heat, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, humidity, abnormal pressure (altitude) and the like may place added stress on the body so that the effects from exposure at a threshold limit may be altered. Most of these stresses act adversely to increase the toxic response of a sub stance. Although most threshold limits have built-in safety factors to guard against adverse effects to moderate deviations from normal environments, the safety factors of most substances are not of such a magnitude as to take care of gross deviations. For example, continuous work at temperatures above 90 F or over-time extending the workweek more than 25% might be considered gross deviations. In such instances judgment must be exercised in the proper adjustments of the threshold limit values. "Notice of Intent*. At the beginning of each year, proposed actions of the Committee for the forthcoming year are issued in the form of a `Notice of Intent.* This Notice provides not only an opportunity for comment, but solicits suggestions of substances to be added to the list. The suggestions should be accompanied by substantiating evidence. This list of Intended Changes follows the Adopted Values. As Legislative Code. The Conference recognizes that the TLV's may be adopted in legislative codes and regula- tions. If so used, the intent of the concepts contained in the Preface should be maintained and provisions should be made to keep the list current. These values are reviewed annually by the Committee on Threshold Limits for re visions or additions, as further information becomes available. Copyright 1970, by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists will welcome requests for permission to republish or reprint these Threshold Limit Values. Requests for such permission should be directed to the Secretary-Treasurer, 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202. Documentation of Threshold Limit Values. A separate companion piece to the TLV's is issued by ACGIH under this title. This publication gives the pertinent scientific information and data with reference to literature sources that were used to base each limit. Each documentation also contains a statement defining the type of response against which the limit is safeguarding the worker. For a better understanding of the TLV's it is essential that the Documentation be consulted when the TLV's are being used. 1249 I I , | } | , ) j ' . j . j . [ | I j % i J ' I I ) I MT-PWHD-004787 APPENDIX A A* Because of the high incidence of cancer, either in man or in animals, no exposure or contact by any route, respiratory, oral or skin should be permitted for the compounds: 2-Acetylaminofluorene 4-Ami nodiphenyl Benzidine & its salts Dichlorobenzidine 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene beta-Naphthylamine 4-Nitrodipheny1 N-Nitrosodimethylamine beta- Propiolactone Because of the extremely high incidence of bladder tumors in workers handling beta-naphthylamine and the po tential carcinogenic activity of the other compounds, the State of Pennsylvania prohibits the manufacture, use and other activities that involve human exposure without express approval by the Department of Health. 2 A Polytetrafluoroethylene* decomposition products. Thermal decomposition of the fluorocarbon chain in air leads to the formation of oxidized products containing carbon, fluorine and oxygen. Because these products decom pose in part by hydrolysis in alkaline solution, they can be quantitatively determined in air as fluoride to pro vide an index of exposure. No TLV is recommended pending determination of the toxicity of the products, but air concentrations should be minimal. 3 A Gasoline and/or Petroleum Distillates. The composition of these materials varies greatly and thus a single TLV for all types of these materials is no longer applicable. In general, the aromatic hydrocarbon content will determine what TLV applies. Consequently the content of benzene, other aromatics and additives should be de termined to arrive at the appropriate TLV (Elkins, et al. A.I.H.A.J. 24, 99, 1963). * Trade Names: Algoflon, Fluon, Halon, Teflon, Tetran. APPENDIX B Threshold Limit Values for Mixtures When two or more hazardous substances are present, their combined effect, rather than that of either individually, should be given primary consideration. In the absence of information to the contrary, the effects of the different hazards should be considered as additive. A complete discussion of the effects of mixtures is a part of the TLV booklet published by and available from the Secretary-Treasurer, ACGIH. APPENDIX C Permissible Excursions for Time-Weighted Average (TWA) Limits The Excursion TLV Factor in the Table automatically defines the magnitude of the permissible excursion above the limit for those substances not given a *C* designation; i.e., the TWA limits. Examples in the Table show that nitrobenzene, the TLV for which is 1 ppm, should never be allowed to exceed 3 ppm. Similarly, carbon tetrachlo ride, TLV 10 ppm, should never be allowed to exceed 20 ppm. By contrast, those substances with a *C* designation are not subject to the excursion factor and must be kept below the TLV. These limiting excursions are to be considered to provide a `rule-of-thumb' guidance for listed substances gener ally, and may not provide the most appropriate excursion for a particular substance. Efforts are being made to develop such specific excursions, when indicated to be significantly different from that recommended by the present excursion factors. 13-3 -P hJ 1250 MT-PWH D-004788 13-4 APPENDIX Bases for Assigning Limiting `C* Values By definition in the Preface, a listed value bearing a *C* designation refers to a `ceiling' value that should not be exceeded; all values should fluctuate below the listed value. This, in effect, makes the *C* designation a maximal allowable concentration (MAC). In general, the bases for assigning or not assigning a *C* value rest on whether excursions of concentration above a proposed limit for periods up to 15 minutes may result in a) intolerable irrita tion, b) chronic, or irreversible tissue change, or c) narcosis of sufficient degree to increase accident proneness, impair self-rescue or materially reduce work efficiency. Substance Nitrobenzene Carbon tetrachloride Carbon monoxide Acetone Boron trifluoride Butylamine Styrene monomer TLV 1ppm 10ppm 50ppm 1000ppm C 1ppm C 5ppm C 100 ppm Excursion Factor 3 2 1.5 1.25 Max. Cone. Permitted for short time 3 ppm 20 ppm 75 ppm 1250 ppm 1 ppm 5 ppm 100 ppm For all substances: TLV TLV TLV TLV = 0-1 (ppm or mg/M^), Excursion Factor = 3 = 1-10 (ppm or mg/M3), Excursion Factor = 2 = 10-100 (ppm or mg/M^), Excursion Factor = 1.5 = 100-1000 (ppm or mg/M3), Excursion Factor = 1.25 Some "Inert* or Nuisance Particulates* Alundum (AI2O3) Calcium carbonate Cellulose (Paper Fiber) Portland Cement Corundum (AI2O3) Emery Glass, fibrous** or dust Glycerine Mist Graphite (synthetic) Gypsum Vegetable oil mists (except castor, cashew nut, or similar irritant oils) APPENDIX D Kaolin Limestone Magnesite Marble Pentaerythritol Plaster of Paris Rouge Silicon Carbide Starch Sucrose Tin Oxide Titanium Dioxide When toxic impurities are not present, e.g. quartz < 1%. See page 13-2. **< 5-74 in diameter. APPENDIX E Some Simple Asphyxiants--"Inert* Gases and Vapors*** Acetylene Argon tButane Ethane Ethylene Helium ***As defined on page 13-2. t See Notice of Intended Changes. Hydrogen Methane Neon Nitrogen Nitrous Oxide Propane 1 I t MT-PWHD-004789 APPENDIX 13-5 Threshold Limit Values for Toxic Dusts, Fumes and Mists Substance ppm* Abate -- t Acetaldehyde 200 Acetic acid 10 t Acetic anhydride 5 Acetone 1000 Acetonitrile 40 + 2-Acetylaminofluorene--Skin -- Acetylene E Acetylene dichloride, see 1,2 Dichloroethylene Acetylene tetrabromide 1 Acrolein 0.1 Acrylamide--Skin -- Acrylonitrile--Skin 20 Aldrin--Skin -- Allyl alcohol--Skin 2 Allyl chloride 1 tC Allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) 10 Allyl propyl disulfide 2 Alundum (AI2O3) -- + 4-Aminodiphenyl--Skin -- 2-Aminoethanol, see Ethanolamine 2-Aminopyridine 0.5 t Ammonia 50 Ammonium sulfamate (Ammate) -- n-Amyl acetate 100 sec-Amyl acetate 125 Aniline--Skin 5 Anisidine (0, p-isomers)-- Skin -- Antimony & compounds (as Sb) -- ANTU (alpha naphthyl thiourea) -- Argon E Arsenic & compounds (as As) -- Arsine 0.05 + Asphalt (petroleum) fumes -- Azinphos-methyl--Skin -- Barium (soluble compounds) -- C Benzene (benzol)--Skin 25 Benzidine--Skin -- p-Benzoquinone, see Quinone Benzoyl peroxide -- Benzyl chloride 1 Beryllium -- Biphenyl, see Diphenyl Boron oxide -- Boron tribromide 1 C Boron trifluoride 1 Bromine 0.1 Bromine pentafluoride 0.1 Bromoform--Skin 0.5 Mg/M3** 10 360 25 20 2400 70 A1 -- 14 0.25 0.3 45 0.25 5 3 45 12 D A1 2 35 10 525 650 19 0.5 0.5 0.3 -- 0.5 0.2 5 0.2 0.5 80 A1 5 5 0.002 10 10 3 0.7 0.7 5 Substance ppm* Butadiene (1,3-butadiene) 1000 Butanethiol, see Butyl mercaptan 2-Butanone 200 2-Butoxy ethanol (Butyl Cellosolve)--Skin 50 Butyl acetate (n-butyl acetate) 150 sec-Butyl acetate 200 tert-Butyl acetate 200 Butyl alcohol 100 sec-Butyl alcohol 150 tert. Butyl Alcohol 100 C Butylamine--Skin 5 C tert. Butyl Chromate (as Cr03)--Skin -- n-Butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) 50 Butyl mercaptan 0.5 p-tert. Butyltoluene 10 Cadmium (Metal dust and soluble salts) -- C Cadmium oxide fume (as Cd) -- Calcium arsenate -- Calcium carbonate -- Calcium oxide -- t Camphor (Synthetic) 2 Carbaryl (Sevin) (R) -- Carbon black -- Carbon dioxide 5000 Carbon disulfide--Skin 20 Carbon monoxide 50 Carbon tetrachloride--Skin 10 Cellulose (paper fiber) -- Chlordane--Skin -- Chlorinated camphene--Skin -- Chlorinated diphenyl oxide -- Chlorine 1 Chlorine dioxide 0.1 C Chlorine trifluoride 0.1 C Chloroacetaldehyde 1 a - Chloroacetophenone (phenacylchloride) 0.05 Chlorobenzene (monochlorobenzene) 75 0- Chlorobenzylidene malono- nitrile (OCBM) 0.05 Chlorobromomethane 200 2-Chloro-l,3 butadiene, see Chloroprene Chlorodiphenyl (42% Chlo rine)--Skin -- Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlo rine)-- Skin -- Mg/M3** 2200 590 240 710 950 950 300 450 300 15 0.1 270 1.5 60 0.2 0.1 1 I) 5 -- 5 3.5 9000 60 55 65 D 0.5 0.5 0.5 3 0.3 0.4 3 0.3 350 0.4 1050 1 0.5 * Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of air by volume at 25 C and 760 mm. Hg pressure. ** Approximate milligrams per cubic meter of air. + 1971 Addition or Revision, t See Notice of Intended Changes. Capitals A, C, D, E refer to Appendices. 1252 p*oduced -83 MT-PWHD-004790 ~iir~i'rtifci i' r f ii'itfli'rfn i <aaai 13-6 Substance ppm* l,Chloro,2,3 epoxypropane, see Epichlorhydrin 2,ChloroethanoI, see Ethylene chlorohydrin Chloroethylene, see Vinyl chloride tC Chloroform (trichlorom ethane) V 50 1- Chloro-1 -nitropropane 20 Chloropicrin 0.1 Chloroprene (2-chloro-l,3- butadiene)--Skin 25 Chromic acid and chromates (as C1O3) - Chromium, sol. chromic. chromous salts as Cr -- metal and insol. salts -- Coal tar pitch volatiles (benzene soluble fraction) (anthracene, BaP, phen- anthrene, acridine, chrysene, pyrene) -- Cobalt, metal fume & dust -- Copper Fume -- Dusts & Mists -- Corundum (AI2O3) -- Cotton dust (raw) -- Crag (R) herbicide -- Cresol (all isomers)--Skin 5 Crotonaldehyde 2 Cumene--Skin 50 Cyanide (as CN)--Skin -- Cyanogen 10 Cyclohexane 300 Cyclohexanol 50 Cyclohexanone 50 Cyclohexene 300 Cyclopentadiene 75 2,4-D -- DDT-Skin -- DDVP-- Skin, see Dichlorvos Decaborane-- Skin Demeton (R)--Skin 0.05 -- Diacetone alcohol (4-hydroxy- 4-methyl-2-pentanone) 50 t 1,2 Diaminoethane, see Ethylenediamine Diazomethane 0.2 Diborane 0.1 C 1,2-Dibromoethane (Ethylene dibromide)--Skin 25 Dibrom (R) -- Dibutyl phosphate 1 Dibutylphthalate -- C Dichloroacetylene 0.1 C 0-Dichlorobenzene 50 p-Di chlorobenzene 75 + Dichlorobenzidine--Skin -- Dichlorodifluoromethane 1000 l,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin -- t 1,1-Dichloroethane 100 APPENDIX Mg/M3** 240 100 0.7 90 0.1 0.5 1 0.2 0.1 0.1 1 D 1 10 22 6 245 5 -- 1050 200 200 1015 200 10 1 0.3 0.1 240 0.4 0.1 190 3 5 5 0.4 300 450 A1 4950 0.2 400 Substance ppm* 1,2-Dichloroethane 50 1,2-Dichloroethylene 200 tC Dichloroethyl ether--Skin 15 Dichloromethane, see Methylene chloride Dichloromonofluoro- methane 1000 C 1,1-Dichloro-l-nitroethane 10 1,2-Dichloropropane, see Propylenedichloride Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 1000 Dichlorvos (DDVP)--Skin -- Dieldrin--Skin -- Diethylamine 25 Diethylamino ethanol--Skin 10 tC Diethylene triamine--Skin 10 Diethylether, see Ethyl ether Difluorodibromomethane 100 C Diglycidyl ether (DGE) 0.5 Dihydroxybenzene, see Hydroquinone t Diisobutyl ketone 50 Diisopropylamine--Skin 5 Dimethylamine 10 + 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene -- Dimethylaminobenzene, see Methylal Dimethyl acetamide--Skin 10 Dimethylamine 10 Dimethylaminobenzene, see Xylidene Dimethylaniline (N-dimethyl- aniline)--Skin 5 Dimethylbenzene, see Xylene Dimethyl l,2-dibromo-2,2- dichloroethyl phosphate, (Dibrom) -- Dimethy If orm amide--Skin 10 2,6 Dimethylheptanone, see Diisobutyl ketone 1,1- Dim ethylhydrazine--Skin 0.5 Dimethylphthalate -- Dimethylsulfate-- Skin 1 Dinitrobenzene (all isomers)--Skin -- Dinitro- 0- cresol-- Skin -- Dinitrotoiuene--Skin -- Dioxane (diethylene dioxide) 100 Diphenyl 0.2 Diphenyl Amine -- Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (See Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI)) Dipropylene glycol methyl ether--Skin 100 Di-sec, octyl phthalate (Di- 2- ethylhexyl- phthalate -- Emery -- Endosulfan (Thiodan) (R)--Skin -- Endrin--Skin -- Epichlorhyrin--Skin 5 Mg/M3** 200 790 90 4200 60 N 7000 1 0.25 75 50 -- 860 2.8 290 20 18 A1 35 18 25 3 30 1 5 5 1 0.2 1.5 360 1 10 600 5 D 0.1 0.1 19 f E E 1 C E E E E B C B 1 ceo* 1253./# ?j B MT-PWHD-004791 Substance ppm* EPN-Skin -- 1,2-Epoxypropane, see Propyleneoxide 2,3-Epoxy-l-propanol, see Glycidol Ethane E Ethanethiol, see Ethyl mercaptan Ethanolamine 3 T 2-Ethoxyethanol--Skin 200 2-Ethoxyethylacetate (Cello- solve Acetate)--Skin 100 Ethyl acetate 400 Ethyl acrylate--Skin 25 Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) 1000 Ethylamine 10 Ethyl sec-amyl ketone (5- methyl- 3-heptanone) 25 Ethyl benzene 100 Ethyl bromide 200 Ethyl butyl ketone (3- Heptanone) 50 Ethyl chloride 1000 Ethyl ether 400 Ethyl formate 100 Ethyl mercaptan 0.5 Ethyl silicate 100 Ethylene E Ethylene chlorohydrin--Skin 5 Ethylenediamine 10 Ethylene dibromide, see 1,2- Dibromoethane Ethylene dichloride, see 1,2-Dichloroethane C Ethylene glycol dinitrate and/or Nitroglycerin--Skin 0.2d Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, (Methyl cellosolve acetate)--Skin 25 Ethylene imine--Skin 0.5 Ethylene oxide 50 Ethylidine chloride, see 1,1- Dichloroethane N-Ethylmorpholine--Skin 20 Ferbam -- Ferrovanadium dust -- Fluoride (as F) -- t Fluorine 0.1 Fluorotri chloromethane 1000 tC Formaldehyde 5 Formic acid 5 Furfural--Skin 5 t Furfuryl alcohol 50 Gasoline -- Glass, figrous(g) or dust -- Glycerine mist -- Glycidol (2,3-Epoxy-1- propanol) 50 APPENDIX Mg/M3** 0.5 -- 6 740 540 1400 100 1900 18 130 435 890 230 2600 1200 300 1 850 -- 16 25 -- 120 1 90 94 10 1 2.5 0.2 5600 6 9 20 200 A3 D D 150 Substance ppm* Glycol monoethyl ether, see 2-Ethoxyethanol Graphite, synthetic -- Guthion (R), see Azinphosmethyl Gypsum -- Hafnium -- Helium E Heptachlor-- Skin -- Heptane (n-heptane) 500 Hexachloroethane-- Skin 1 Hexachloronaphthalene-- Skin -- Hexane (n-hexane) 500 2-Hexanone 100 Hexone (Methyl isobutyl ketone) 100 sec-Hexyl acetate 50 Hydrazine--Skin 1 Hydrogen E Hydrogen bromide 3 C Hydrogen chloride 5 Hydrogen cyanide--Skin 10 Hydrogen fluoride 3 Hydrogen peroxide 1 Hydrogen selenide 0.05 Hydrogen sulfide 10 Hydroquinone -- Indene 10 Indium and compounds, as In - C Iodine 0.1 Iron oxide fume -- Iron salts, soluble, as Fe -- Isoamyl acetate 100 Isoamyl alcohol 100 Isobutyl acetate 150 Isobutyl alcohol 100 t Isophorone 25 Isopropyl acetate 250 Isopropyl alcohol 400 Isopropylamine 5 t Isopropylether 500 Isopropyl glycidyl ether (IGE) 50 Kaolin -- Ketene 0.5 t Lead -- Lead arsenate -- Limestone -- Lindane--Skin -- Lithium hydride -- L.P.G. (Liquified petroleum gas) 1000 Magnesite -- Magnesium oxide fume -- Malathion--Skin -- Maleic anhydride 0.25 C Manganese and cmpds, as Mn -- Marble -- + Mercury (Alkyl compounds)--!Skin - 13-7 Mg/M3*' D D 0.5 0.5 2000 10 0.2 1800 410 410 300 1.3 10 7 11 2 1.4 0.2 15 2 45 0.1 1 10 1 525 360 700 300 140 950 980 12 2100 240 D 0.9 0.2 0.15 D 0.5 0.02! 1800 D 10 10 1 5 D 0.01 (g): < 5-7/i Diameter. No TLV for coarse fibrous glass has yet been set. 125a MT-PWHD-004792 13-8 APPENDIX Substance ppm* + Mercury (All forms except alkyl) -- Mesityl oxide 25 Methane E Methanethiol, see Methyl mercaptan Methoxychlor -- 2-Methoxyethanol, (Methyl cellosolve)--Skin 25 Methyl acetate 200 Methyl acetylene (propyne) 1000 Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture (MAPP) Methyl acrylate--Skin 1000 10 Methylal (dimethoxy- m ethane) 1000 Methyl alcohol (methanol) 200 Methylamine 10 Methyl amyl alcohol, see Methyl isobutyl carbinol Methyl isoamyl ketone 100 Methyl (n-amyl) ketone (2-Heptanone) 100 tC Methyl bromide--Skin 20 Methyl butyl ketone, see 2-Hexanone Methyl cellosolve--Skin 25 Methyl cellosolve acetate-r Skin 25 tC Methyl chloride Methyl chloroform 100 350 Methylcyclohexane 500 t Methylcyclohexanol 100 t o-Methylcyclohexanone-- Skin 100 + Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (as Mn)--Skin + Methyl demeton--Skin 0.1 -- Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), see 2-Butanone Methyl formate 100 Methyl iodide--Skin 5 Methyl isobutyl carbinol-- Skin 25 Methyl isobutyl ketone, see Hexone Methyl isocyanate--Skin 0.02 Methyl mercaptan 0.5 Methyl methacrylate 100 Methyl propyl ketone, see 2-Pentanone C Methyl silicate 5 C a Methyl styrene 100 C Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI) 0.02 Methylene chloride (di- chloromethane) 500 Molybdenum (soluble compounds) -- (insoluble compounds) - Mg/M3** 0.05 100 -- 10 80 610 1650 1800 35 3100 260 12 475 465 80 80 120 210 1900 2000 470 460 0.2 0.5 250 28 100 0.05 1 410 30 480 0.2 1740 5 10 h: as sampled by method that does not collect vapor, i: according to analytically determined composition. Substance Monomethyl aniline--Skin C Monomethyl hydrazine-- Skin Morpholine--Skin Naphtha (coal tar) Napthalene jS-Naphthylamine Neon Nickel carbonyl Nickel, metal and soluble compounds, as Ni Nicotine--Skin Nitric acid Nitric oxide p-Nitroaniline--Skin Nitrobenzene--Skin p- Nitrochloro- benzene-- Skin Nitroethane Nitrogen C Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen trifluoride C Nitroglycerin--Skin Nitromethane 1-Nitropropane 2-Nitropropane N- Nitrosodim ethylamine (Dimethylnitrosoamine)-- Skin Nitrotoluene-- Skin Nitrotrichloromethane, see Chloropicrin Nitrous Oxide Octachloronaphthalene-- Skin Octane Oil mist, particulate Oil mist, vapor Osmium tetroxide Oxalic acid Oxygen difluoride Ozone Paraquat-- Skin Parathion--Skin Pentaborane Pentachloronaphthalene-- Skin Pentachlorophenol-- Skin Pentaerithritol Pentane 2-Pentanone Perchloroethylene Perchloromethyl mercaptan Perchloryl fluoride Petroleum Distillates (naphtha) Phenol--Skin p-Phenylene diamine--Skin Phenyl ether (vapor) Phenyl ether-Diphenyl mixture (vapor) Phenylethylene, see Styrene ppm* 2 0.2 20 100 10 -- E 0.001 -- -- 2 25 1 1 -- 100 E 5 10 0.2 100 25 25 -- 5 E -- 400 -- A3() -- -- 0.05 0.1 -- -- 0.005 -- -- -- 500 200 100 0.1 3 A3* 5 -- 1 1 Mg/MS** 9 0.35 70 400 50 A1 -- 0.007 1 0.5 5 30 6 5 1 310 -- 9 29 2 250 90 90 A1 30 -- 0.1 1900 5h -- 0.002 1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.01 0.5 0.5 D 1500 700 670 0.8 14 -- 19 0.1 7 7 125o I 1 i l i i ) ) ) MT-PWHD-004793 APPENDIX Substance ppm* Phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) 10 Phenylhydrazine--Skin 5 + Phenothiazine--Skin -- Phosdrin (Mevinphos) (R)-- Skin -- Phosgene (carbonyl chloride) 0.1 Phosphine 0.3 Phosphoric acid -- Phosphorus (yellow) -- Phosphorus pentachloride -- Phosphorus pentasulfide -- Phosphorus trichloride 0.5 Phthalic anhydride 2 Picric acid--Skin -- Pival (R) (2-Pivalyl-l,3- indandione) -- Plaster of Paris -- Platinum (Soluble Salts), as Pt - Polytetrafluoroethylene decomposition products -- Propane E /3 Propiolactone -- Propargyl alcohol--Skin 1 n-Propyl acetate 200 Propyl alcohol 200 n-Propyl nitrate 25 Propylene dichloride 75 Propylene inline--Skin 2 Propylene oxide 100 Propyne, see Methylacetylene Pyrethrum -- Pyridine 5 Quinone 0.1 RDX--Skin -- Rhodium, Metal fume and dusts, as Rh -- Soluble salts - Ronnel -- Rotenone (commercial) -- Rouge -- Selenium compounds (as Se) -- Selenium hexafluoride 0.05 Silicon carbide -- Silver, metal and soluble compounds -- Sodium fluoroacetate (1080)-- Skin -- Sodium hydroxide -- Starch -- Stibine 0.1 Stoddard solvent 200 Strychnine -- +C Styrene (phenylethylene) 100 Sucrose -- Sulfur dioxide 5 Sulfur hexafluoride 1000 Sulfur monochloride 1 Sulfur pentafluoride 0.025 Sulfuric acid -- Mg/M3** 60 22 5 0.1 0.4 0.4 1 0.1 1 1 3 12 0.1 0.1 D 0.002 A2 -- A1 -- 840 500 110 350 5 240 5 15 0.4 1.5 0.1 0.001 10 5 D 0.2 0.4 D 0.01 0.05 2 D 0.5 1150 0.15 420 D 13 6000 6 0.25 1 Substance ppm* SuLfuryl fluoride 5 Systox, see Demeton (R) 2.4.5T -- Tantalum -- TEDP-Skin -- Teflon (R) decomposition products -- Tellurium -- Tellurium hexafluoride 0.02 TEPP-Skin -- C Terphenyls 1 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro- 2,2-difluoroethane 500 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2- difluoroethane 500 1,1,2,2- Tetrachloroethane-- Skin 5 Tetrachloroethylene, see Perchloroethylene Tetrachloromethane, see Carbon tetrachloride Tetrachloronaphthalene-- Skin -- Tetraethyl lead (as Pb)-- Skin -- Tetrahydrofuran 200 Tetramethyl lead (TML) (as lead)--Skin -- Tetramethyl succinonitrile-- Skin 0.5 Tetranitromethane 1 Tetryl (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl- methylnitramine)--Skin -- Thallium (soluble com pounds as Tl)--Skin Thiram -- -- Tin (inorganic compounds, except SnH4 and Sn02), as Sn -- Tin (organic compounds)--Skin -- Tin oxide -- Titanium dioxide -- t Toluene (toluol) 200 C Tolulene-2,4-diisocyanate 0.02 o- Toluidine--Skin 5 Toxaphene, see Chlorinated camphene + Tributyl phosphate -- 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, see Methyl chloroform 1,1,2-Trichloroethane--Skin 10 Trichloroethylene 100 Trichloromethane, see Chloroform Trichloronaphthalene--Skin -- 1,2,3-Trichloropropane 50 1,1,2-Trichloro 1,2,2- trifluoroethane 1000 Triethylamine 25 j: For control of general room air. Biologic monitoring is essential for personnel control. 13-9 Mg/M3** 20 10 5 0.2 A2 0.1 0.2 0.05 9 4170 4170 35 2 o.i ooi 590 0.1503 3 8 1.5 0.1 5 2 0.1 D D 750 0.14 22 5 45 535 5 300 7600 100 R00UQQ&6 JM - 83 MT-PWH D-004794 13-10 APPENDIX Substance ppm* Trifluoromonobromo- m ethane 1000 Trimethyl benzene 25 2.4.6-Trinitrophenol, see Picric acid 2.4.6-Trinitrophenylmethyl- nitramine, see Tetryl Trinitrotoluene--Skin -- Triorthocresyl phosphate -- Triphenyl phosphate -- Tungsten & Compounds, as W Soluble - Insoluble -- Turpentine 100 Uranium (natural) sol. & insol. compounds, as U -- Mg/M** 6100 120 1.5 0.1 3 1 5 560 0.2 Substance C Vanadium (V2O5 dust) t (V2O5 fume) Vinyl acetate Vinyl benzene, see Styrene Vinyl chloride Vinylcyanide, see Acrylonitrile Vinyl toluene Warfarin Xylene (xylol) Xylidine--Skin Yttrium Zinc chloride fume Zinc oxide fume Zirconium compounds (as Zr) ppm -- -- 10 500 100 * 100 5 -- -- -- - Mg/M3** 0.5 0.1 30 1300 480 0.1 435 25 1 1 5 5 Radioactivity: For permissible concentrations of radio-isotopes in air, see U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Handbook 69, `Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Con centrations of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational Exposure," June 5, 1959. Also, see U.S. Depart ment of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Handbook 50, "Permissible Dose from External Sources of Ionizing Radiation,* September 24, 1954, and addendum of April 15, 1958. A report, Basic Radiation Protec tion Criteria, published by the National Committee on Radiation Protection, revises and modernizes the con cept of the NCRP Standards of 1954, 1957 and 1958; obtainable as NCRP Report No. 39, PO Box 4867, Washington, D.C. 20008. Threshold Limit Values for Mineral Dusts Substance SILICA Crystalline t Quartz t Cristobaiite Amorphous, including natural diatomaceous earth SILICATES (less than 1% crystalline silica) T Asbestos, all types Mica + Perlite Portland Cement Soapstone Talc (non-asbestiform) Talc, (fibrous), use Asbestos limit Tremolite, see Talc, fibrous Graphite (natural) t Inert or nuisance particulates (when toxic impurities are not present, eg., quartz < 1%) Conversion factors mppcf x 35.3 = million particles per cubic meter = particles per c.c. +1971 Addition or Revision. m.p.p.c.f.* TLV TLV 250** %Si02 + 5 250" %SiC>2 + 5 20 20 30 50 20 20 15 50 (or 15 mg/m whichever is the smaller) * Millions of particles per cubic foot of air, based on impinger samples counted by light-field technics. **The percentage of crystalline silica in the formula is the amount determined from air-borne samples, except in those instances in which other methods have been shown to be applicable. I I 1 MT-PWHD-004795 APPENDIX 13-II NOTICE OF INTENDED CHANGES These substances, with their corresponding values, comprise those for which either a limit has been proposed for the first time, or for which a change in the `Adopted* listing has been proposed. In both cases, the proposed limits should be considered trial limits that will remain in the listing for a period of at least two years. During this time, the previously Adopted Limit will remain in effect. If, after two years no evidence comes to light that questions the appropriateness of the values herein, the values will be placed in the `Adopted* list. Documentation is available for each of these substances. Substance ppm* + Acetaldehyde..................................... +C Acetic anhydride............................ . 5 Allyl glycidyl ether....................... . 5 Ammonia.......................................... . 25 Ammonium chloride fume............ . -- + Bismuth telluride.......................... + Bismuth telluride (Se-doped) . . . . -- + Butane................................................ .500 Butyl lactate..................................... . 1 Camphor (synthetic)....................... . 2 + Caprolactam (2-Oxohexamethyl- enimine)..................................... + Chloroform (trichloromethane) . . 25 Diazinon--Skin............................... + 1,2-Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide)--Skin....................... . 20 2-N Dibutylaminoethanol--Skin. . . 2 + 1,1-Dichloroethane....................... .200 + Dichloroetheyl ether--Skin . . . . 5 Diethylene triamine--Skin............ . 1 + Diisobutyl ketone............................. . 25 + Diquat ................................................ + Ethylene glycol, particulate. . . . . -- + Ethvlene glycol, vapor................. .100 + 2-Ethoxyethanol--Skin................. .100 + Fluorine........................................... . 1 C Formaldehyde.................................. . 2 + Furfuryl alcohol............................. . 5 + Hexachlorocyclopentadiene . . . . . 0.1 + Hexafluoroacetone.......................... . 0.1 Iron pentacarbonyl.......................... . 0.01 mg/M3* 180 20 22 18 10 10 5 1200 5 12 5 120 0.1 145 14 820 30 4 150 0.5 10 260 370 2 3 20 1 0.7. 0.08 Substance ppm* mg/M** + Isophorone.................................. . . . 10 55 + Isopropyl ether.......................... . . .250 1050 + Lead, inorganic compounds. fumes & dusts....................... . . . -- 0.15 + Methylacrylonitrile--Skin . . . . . . 1 3 + Methyl bromide--Skin.............. . . . 15 60 Methyl chloride.......................... . . .100 210 + Methyl cyclohexanol................. . . . 50 235 + o-Methyl cyclohexanone--Skin . . . 50 230 Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (as Mn)--Skin....................... . . . 0.1 0.2 + Mineral wool fiber.................... . . . -- D + Paraffin wax fume.................... . . . -- 1 + Perlite........................................ . . . -- 30mppcf *C Phenylphosphine....................... . . . 0.05 0.25 Propylene glycol monomethvl ether........................................ . . .100 360 Rosin Core Solder, pyrolysis products (as formaldehyde) . . . " 0.1 + Silicon........................................... 10 C Subtilisins (Proteolytic enzymes) (as lOtfc pure crystalline enzyme)........... . . . -- 0.0003 + Sulfur tetrafluoride................. . . . 0.1 0.4 + Toluene........................................ ... 100 375 Vanadium (V2O5 Fume) as V . . . . -- Vinyl bromide............................ ... 250 0.05 1100 Vinyl chloride............................ ... 200 770 Wood dust (nonallergenic) . . . . . . -- 5 * Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 C and 760 mm. Hg pressure. ** Approximate milligrams of particulate per cubic meter of air. MINERAL DUSTS TLV Substance + Asbestos (all types) + Coal dust (bituminous) Cristobalite + `Inert* or nuisance particulates + Quartz Silica, fused Tridymite 5 fibers/ml > 5p in length(k) 2 mg/M3 (respirable dust)(m) Use one-half the value calculated from the count or mass formulae for quartz 10 mg/M3 or 30 mppcf (whichever is the smaller) of total dust < 1% Si02 TLV in mppcf = TLV for respirable dust in mg/M3(P) = ----- :--10--m--g--/M---^--- ------- . 6 % Respirable Quartz + 2 TLV for `total dust', respirable and non-respirable = c 3P m,f~ Quartz + 3 Use quartz formulae Use one-half the value calculated from the count or mass formulae for quartz PRODUCQpis JM-83 MT-PWHD-004796 13-12 APPENDIX Substance + 1971 Revision or Addition. (k) As determined by the membrane filter method at 400-450X magnification (4 mm objective) phase con trast illumination. Concentrations 5 fibers/ml but not to exceed 10, may be permitted for 15-minute periods each hour up to five times daily. (m) Respirable dust as defined by the British Medical Research Council Criteria(l) and as sampled by a device producing equivalent results.(2) (1) Hatch, T. E. and Gross, P., Pulmonary Deposition and Retention of Inhaled Aerosols, p. 149. Aca demic Press, New York, N.Y. 1964. (2) Interim Guide for Respirable Mass Sampling, AIHA Aerosol Technology Committee, AIHA J. 3_1, 2, 1970 p. 133. (n) The percentage of crystalline silica in the formula is the amount determined from airborne samples, except in those instances in which other methods have been shown to be applicable. (p) Both concentration and percent quartz for the application of this limit are to be determined from the Fraction passing a size-selector with the following characteristics: Aerodynamic Diameter (jj.) (unit density sphere) <2 2.5 3.5 5.0 10.0 > passing selector 90 75 50 25 0 t i 125 J J MT-PWHD-004797 APPENDIX APPENDIX COMPARISON OF COMFORT LIMITS AND THRESHOLD LIMIT VALLES (Expressed in Paris per Million) SOLVENT IRRITATING CONCENTRATION (8 hr. Exposure) IRRITATING CONCENTRATION ------------------------------------------------- Eyes Nose Throat TLV 13-13 n-Hexane .............................................. . Stoddard's Solvent................................ . Turpentine ............................................ . Toluene (Toluol)................................. . Xylene (Xylol)..................................... . 500 400 100 200 100 400 400 400 175 175 175 300 300 200 200 200 ALCOHOLS Isopropyl .............................................. . Butyl...................................................... . Isoamyl.................................................. . Cyclohexanol ........................................ . Methyl lsobutyl Carbinol...................... . Di-isobutvl Carbinol.............................. . Methyl Vinyl Carbinol.......................... . Hexylene Glycol...................................... . 200 25 100 100 25 5 25 50 800 800 800 50 25 25 150 150 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 5 10 10 50 50 50 50 50 50 KETONES Acetone.................................................. . 2-Butanone (MEK).............................. . Cyclohexanone...................................... . Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (Hexone) .. . Di-acetone Alcohol................................ . Di-isobutyl Ketone................................ . Isophorone ............................................ . Mesitvl Oxide........................................ . 200 200 25 100 50 25 10 25 500 500 500 350 350 350 75 75 75 200 200 200 100 100 100 50 50 50 25 25 25 25 50 50 ESTERS Ethyl Acetate......................................... . n- Butyl Acetate................................... . n-Amyl Acetate................................... . Methyl Amyl .Acetate............................ . Isopropyl Acetate.................................. . 100 100 100 100 100 ETHERS Ethyl Ether............................................ . n-Butyl Ether........................................ . Isopropyl Ether..................................... . Dioxane ................................................ . 100 100 300 200 MISCELLANEOUS SOLVENTS 1,2,3-Trichlorpropane....................... . 1-Nitropropane ...................................... . Acetaldehyde .................................. . 50 100 50 400 400 400 300 300 200 300 300 200 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 200 200 200 100 100 100 156 150 150 50 200 200 *See Threshold Limit Values for 1971 in Appendix. 500 200 100 200* 100 400 100 100 50 25 1000 200 50 100 50 50* 25* 25 400 150 100 250 400 500* 100 50 25 200* P10DUCED12BO JI -83 MT-PWHD-004798 13-14 APPENDIX PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED MATERIALS Substance Formula Molecular Specific Weight Gravity Flash Point F Explosive Limits (Volume Per Cent) Closed Open Cup Cup Lower Upper Acetaldehyde Acetic Acid Acetic Anhydride Acetone Acrolein Acrylonitrile Ammonia Amyl Acetate Iso-Amyl Alcohol Aniline Arsine Benzene Bromine Butane 1,3 Butadiene n-Butanol 2, Butanone (Methyl Ethyl Ketone) n-Butyl Acetate Butyl * cellosolve* Carbon Dioxide Carbon Disulphide Carbon Monoxide Carbon Tetrachloride Cellosolve Cellosolve Acetate Chlorine 2-Chlorobutadiene Chloroform 1-Chloro-l-Nitropropane Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Cyclohexene Cyclopropane o-Dichlorobenzene Dichlorodifluoromethane 1,1 Dichloroethane 1,2 Dichloroethane (Ethylene Dichloride) 1,2 Dichloroethylene Dichloroethylether Dichloromethane Diehiorom onofl uoromethane 1,1 Dichloro-l-nitroethane 1,2 Diehloropropane Dichlorotetrafluoroethane Dimethylaniline Dimethylsulfate Dioxane Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Alcohol Ethyl Benzene Ethyl Bromide Ethyl Chloride Ethylene Chlorohydrin Ethylenediamine Ethylene Oxide Ethyl Ether CHjCHO CHjCOOH (CH,CO),0 CHjCOCHj CH,:CHCHO CHjtCHCN NH, CH.COy^Bu' (CHjJjCHCHjCHjOH C.I^NH, AsH, C.H, Br, CH,(CH,)tCH, (CHt:CH)t CjHCHjCHjOH CHjCOCjH, CH,CO,C4H, C4H,OCHaCHIOH CO, CS, CO CC1, C,H50(CHt)20H ch.co,c4h,o ci. CH^CCICHCH, CHC1, N0,C1C,H, C,HU CHa(CHa)4CHOH CH,(CHj)4C0 CH2(CH1),CH:CH CHjCHjCH, C1.CA CCltFt CHjCHCl, C1CH,CH,C1 C1CHCHC1 CICHjCHCIOCjHj H,CC1, HCCljF H,CaCl,NO. CHjCHCICHjCI CCIFjCCIF, (CH^NCA (cigaso4 o (CH.)40 CHjCOjCjH, CjHOH CACA C,H,Br C,H,C1 ClCH^CHjOH NHjCHjCHjNH, CHjCHjO (C^O 44.05 60.05 102.09 58.08 56.06 53.06 17.03 130.18 88.15 93.12 77.93 78.11 159.83 58.12 54.09 74.12 72.10 116.16 118.17 44.01 76.13 28.10 153.84 90.12 132.16 70.91 88.54 119.39 139.54 84.16 100.16 98.14 82.14 42.08 147.01 120.92 98.97 98.97 96.95 143.02 84.94 102.93 143.97 112.99 170.93 121.18 126.13 88.10 88.10 46.07 106.16 109.98 64.52 80.52 60.10 44.05 74.12 0.821 1.049 1.082 0.792 0.841 0.806 0.597 0.879 0.812 1.022 2.695 (A) 0.879 3.119 2.085 0.621 0.810 0.805 -17 104 110 121 130 0 15 Gas - 32 Gas 76 80 109 115 168 - Gas 12 - - Gas Gas 84 30 - 110 - 3.97 57. 5.40 - 2.67 10.13 2.55 12.80 Unstable 3.05 17.0 15.50 27.0 1.10 - 1.20 -- -- - 1.40 - 7.10 - 1.86 2.00 1.45 1.81 - 8.41 11.50 11.25 9.50 0.882 0.903 1.53 1.263 0.968 1.595 0.931 0.975 3.214 0.958 1.478 1.209 0.779 0.962 0.948 0.810 0.720 1.305 1.486 1.175 1.257 72 90 1.39 141 165 - -- - -22 - 1.25 Gas 12.5 Nonflammable 104 120 2.6 124 135 1.71 Gas - -- - Nonflammable 144 - - 1 - 1.26 154 - - 147 - - -- Gas 2.40 151 165 - Nonflammable -- - 56 65 6.2 7.55 - 50.0 74.2 15.7 - - 7.75 - 10.40 - - 15.9 1.291 1.222 1.336 1.426 1.692 1.159 1.433 0.956 1.332 1.034 0.901 0.789 0.867 1.430 0.921 1.213 0.899 0.887 0.713 43 - 9.7 131 180 - -- - -- - - 168 - 59 65 3.4 Nonflammable 145 170 - 182 240 - - 35 - 24 30 2.18 55 - 3.28 59 75 - - - 6.75 -58 -45 3.6 - 140 - -- - - - 3.0 -- 12.8 - - 14.5 - 11.4 18.95 - 11.25 14.80 - - 80.0 126 ^ i !*. 'i MT- APPENDIX 13-15 Substance Formula Molecular Weight Ethyl Formate Ethyl Silicate Formaldehyde Gasoline Heptane Hexane Hydrogen Chloride Hydrogen Cyanide Hydrogen Fluoride Hydrogen Selenide Hydrogen Sulfide Iodine Isophorone Mesityl Oxide Methanol Methyl Acetate Methyl Bromide Methyl Butanone (iso propyl butane) Methyl Cellosolve Methyl Cellosolve Acetate Methyl Chloride Methyl Cyclohexane Methyl Cyclohexanol Methyl Cyclohexanone Methyl Formate Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Monochlorobenzene Monofluorotrichloromethane Mononitrotoluene Naphtha (coal tar) Nickel Carbonyl Nitrobenzene HCQ,C,I^ (C,H,)4Si04 HCHO cnII(2n + 2) CH,(CH,),CH, CHj(CH,)4CHj HO HCN HF HjSe H,S I> (CH,),C(CH,),CCHCO (CH,),:CHCOCH, CHjOH CHjCOjCH, CHjBr CH,COCH(Ciy, HOCH,CH,OCH, CH,OCH4CH,OOCCH, CHjCI CHjCCHCjH,,) CH,(CHC4H,CHOH) CHsC5H,CO hcq,ch, CH,COC4H, C,H,C1 CljCF CHjC.H.NOi c.hjch,). Ni(CO)4 C.I^NO, 74.08 208.30 30.03 86 100.20 86.17 36.47 27.03 20.01 80.98 34.08 253.82 138.20 98.14 32.04 74.08 94.95 86.13 76.06 118.13 50.49 98.18 114.18 122.17 60.05 100.16 112.56 137.38 137.13 106.16 170.73 123.11 Nitroethane Nitrogen Oxides Nitroglycerine Nitromethane 2-Nitropropane Octane Ozone Pentane Pentanone (Methylpropanone) Phosgene Phosphine Phosphorus Trichloride iso-Propanol Propane Propyl Acetate iso-Propyl Ether Stibine Styrene Monomer Sulfur Chloride, Mono Di Tetra Sulfur Dioxide 1,1,2,2 Tetrachloroethane CHjCHjNO, NO NtO N,0, NO, N.Q, C,H,(ONO,), CHjNO, CHjCHNOjCH, CH,(CH,),CH, 0, CH,(CH,),CH, CHjCOCHjCjH, OtC:C1, PH, pa. (Ciy,CHOH CH,CH,CH, CHjCOjCHjCjH, (CH,)4(CH),0 SbH, C,H,HC:CH, S,C1, SCI, SCL SO, CljCHCHCl, 75.07 30.0 44.02 76.02 46.01 108.02 227.09 61.04 89.09 114.22 48 72.15 86.13 98.92 34.0 137.35 60.09 44.09 102.13 102.17 124.78 104.14 135.03 102.97 173.89 64.07 167.86 Specific Gravity Flash Point F Closed Open Cup Cup Explosive Limits (Volume Per Cent) Lower Upper 0.917 0.933 0.815 0.660 0.684 0.660 1.268 (A) 0.688 0.987 2.12 1.189 (A) 4.93 0.923 0.857 0.792 0.928 1.732 0.803 125 Gas -50 25 -7 -Gas Gas Gas Gas -- 205 87 54 60 15 20 *- 2.75 - 7.0 1.3 1.1 1.18 5.6 4.3 - 6.72 3.15 13.5 - 16.40 - 73.0 6.0 6.7 7.4 - 40.0 " 45.5 - 36.5 15.60 14.5 - 0.965 1.007 1.785 0.769 0.934 0.925 0.974 0.801 1.107 1.494 1.163 0.85 1.31 1.205 1.052 1.0367 (A) 1.53 1.447 1.448 1.642 1.601 1.130 1.003 0.703 1.658 (A) 0.626 0.816 1.392 1.146 (A) 1.574 0.785 1.554 0.886 0.725 4.344 (A) 0.903 1.678 1.621 2.264 (A) 1.588 107 115 - - 132 140 Gas 8.25 18.70 25 - 1.15 - 154 - -" 118 * -2 4.5 20 73 - - 90 - - - Nonflammable 223 - - - 100-110 - -- -- -- 190 - 1.8 - (200'F) 82 106 - - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 95 112 - 103 - - 56 -- .95 3.2 -- <-40 - 1.4 7.8 45 60 1.55 8.15 -- -- - 205 * -- -- 53 60 2.02 11.80 Gas 2.12 9.35 43 60 1.77 8.0 -18 -15 - - -. -- 90 - 1.1 6.1 245 None - - -- -- -- -- Gas -- -- -" PRODUCED ,no? JM-83 1262 MT-PWHD-004800 13-16 Substance Tetrachloroethylene Toluene Toluidine Trichloroethylene Turpentine (Turpene) Vinyl Chloride (Chloroethane) Xylene Formula C^CrCCl, C^CH, CHJC,HtNH, C1CHCC1, C^Hx, C.HsCl C,H,(CH,)a APPENDIX Molecular Specific Weight Gravity 165:85 92.13 107.15 131.40 136.23 1.624 0.866 0.999 1.466 62.50 106.16 0.908 0.881 Flash Point F Explosive Limits (Volume Per Cent) Closed Open Cup Cup Lower Upper Nonflammable 40 45 1.27 188 205 - Nonflammable 95 - 0.8 6.75 - - Gas 63 75 4 21.70 1.0 6.0 I i i 1263 83 MT-PWHD-004801 SOLVENT Ethyl Ether, C. P.................... Petrolene............ .. ................. Carbon Tetrachloride . . .. Acetone ................................... Methyl Acetate ......... Ethyl Acetate 85-80% .... Trichlorethylene .................. Benzol (Industrial). ...... Methyl Ethyl Ketone............ Isopropyl Acetate 65% . . . Ethylene Dichloride . .... Soivsol 19/27 ........................... Ethylene Chloride.................. Propylene Dichloride . ... Troluoil.................................... Methanol .................................... Toluol (Industrial.................. Methyl Propyl Ketone .... V. M. k P................................... Perchlorethylene ....... Nor. Propyl Acetate ... . Sec. Butyl Acetate............... Soiox (Anhydrous) ............... Isobutyl Acetate 90% . . . .. Apcothinner.............................. Ethyl Alcohol, Den. No. 1 .. Soiox.......................................... Isopropyl Alcohol 99% .. .. Nor. Propyl Alcohol............ Soivsol 24/34 ........................ Nor. Butyl Acetate ...... Diethyl Carbonate.................. Methyl Butyl Ketone............ Xylol (Industrial..................... Monochlor Benzol.................. Tertiary Butyl Alcohol . .. Sec. Butyl Alcohol ............... Sec. Amyl Acetate ...... Amyl Acetate ......... Isobutyl Alcohol ..................... Methyl Oellosolve.................. Butyl Propionate.................. Pentacetate.................. ..... .. Turpentine ........................... Butanol .................................... Sec. Amyl Alcohol ............ ... 2-50-W Hi-Flash Naphtha . Amyl Alcohol (Fusel Oil) . . Di Isopropyl Ketone ............ Ethyl Cellosolve .................. Odorless Mineral Spirits . . Ethyl Lactate ........................ Sec. Hexyl Alcohol............... Soivsol 30/40 ........................ Pentasol ............ Hi-Solvency Mineral Spirits No. 380 Mineral Spirits . . . No. 10 Mineral Spirits . . . Distilled Water........................ Apco No. 125 ... .................... Cellosolve Acetate............... Sec. Butyl Lactate............... Sec. Hexyl Acetate............... Butyl Cellosolve .................. Dipentene................................. No. 140 Thinner..................... Octyl Acetate ........................ Isobutyl Lactate .................. Hexalin .................................... Solvsol 40/50 ........................ Methyl Hexalin ..................... Butyl Lactate ........................ ExceUene ............................. Special Heavy Naphtha . . . Dispersol................................. No. 50 Kerosene .................. Triethylene Glycol............ .. Dibutyl Phthalate............ ..... APPENDIX SOLVENT DRYING TIME Dry Time Relation 1.0 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.1 5 JO 5.0 ta 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.7 8.0 8.6 9.1 9.4 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 10.0 11.9 14.0 16.9 17.4 17.7 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 21.0 25.0 27.5 32.1 33.9 36.2 38.6 40.0 41.7 43.2 45.0 46.7 47.0 55.0 60.0 60.5 65.0 73.0 76.5 88.5 89.2 91.0 152.5 156.5 177.5 270.0 276.5 339.0 384.0 403.0 425.0 626.7 Over 5200.0 Over 5200.0 Boiling Range Deg. C. Deg. F. 34-35 61-96 76 56-58 56-62 74-77 87 79-81 77-82 84-93 84 86-123 81-87 93-97 90-122 64-65 109-111 101-107 95-141 121 97-101 108-135 71.78 106-117 115-143 78 76-78 79-82 96-98 101-168 110-132 100-130 114-137 127-144 130-132 82-83 99-100 121-144 105-142 107-111 121-126 124-171 121-155 155-173 116-119 105-125 148-187 126-130 164-169 133-137 150-201 119-176 157 142-199 112-140 152-200 151-196 154-196 100 162-200 145-166 172 129-158 163-172 149-215 185-210 195-203 168-200 159-162 191-248 170-190 185-195 182-260 202-242 193-242 178-256 276-310 195-200 93-05 142-205 169 133-136 133-144 165-171 169 174-178 171-180 183-199 183 187-254 178-189 199-207 194-252 147-149 229-232 214-225 203-286 250 207-214 223-275 160-172 223-243 239-289 172 169-172 174-180 205-208 214-334 230-270 212-266 237-279 261-291 266-270 180-181 210-212 250-291 221-288 225-232 250-259 255-340 250-311 311-343 241-246 221-257 298-369 259-266 327-336 271-279 302-394 246-349 315 288-390 234-284 306-392 304-385 309-385 212 324-392 293-331 342 264-316 325-342 300-419 365-410 383-397 334-392 318-324 376-478 338-374 365-383 324-500 396-468 379-468 352-493 529-590 383-392 13-17 Weight per Gal. Lbs. 6.98 5.93 13.30 6.35 7.79 7.37 12.20 7.38 6.95 7.26 10.49 6.58 10.49 9.64 6.17 6.63 7.19 6.77 6.23 13.55 7.50 7.13 6.80 7.28 6.31 6.64 6.73 6.75 6.73 6.80 7.29 8.14 6.84 7.17 9.20 6.55 6.85 7.21 7.24 6.70 8.07 7.31 7.19 12.24 6.79 6.79 7.18 6.76 6.75 7.77 6.52 8.59 6.97 7.06 6.76 6.79 6.57 6.49 8.32 8.52 8.15 8.14 7.19 7.56 7.10 6.62 7.20 8.15 7.89 7.42 7.66 8.14 6.55 6.73 6.59 6.76 9.30 8.73 Dry Time Relation Below 5 Fast 5-15 Medium 15-75 Slow 75 over - Nil jM-83 MT-PWHD-004802 13-18 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION I tt 1 t I I i 1265 Pf000p0 S3 MT-PWH D-004803 :i|l DRY BULB TEMPERATURE "0 X Di I O o ^o to po 05 * 00 ?o 05 5 > 0 d w H o<HIo* 13-20 INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION PSYCHROMETRIC CHART FOR HUMID BASED ON ONE POUND DRY WEIGHT COPYRIGHT IS51 AMERICAN AIR FILTER CO., INC. LOUISVILLE, KY. AIR 1267 PRODUCED JM - 83 1 MT-PWHD-004805 APPENDIX MT-PWHD-004806 # 13-22 APPENDIX CONVERSION FACTORS METRIC EQUIVALENTS Length Cm = 0.3937 in Meter = 3.2808 ft Meter * 1.0936 yd Km = 0.6214 mile In = 2.5400 cm Ft = 0.3048 m Yd * 0.9144 m Mile = 1.6093 km Volume Cu cm = 0.0610 cu in Cum = 35.3145 cu ft Cum = 1.3079 cu yd Capacity Liter = 2.2046 lb of pure water at 4C Liter = 61.0250 cu in Liter = 0.0353 cu ft Liter = 0.2642 gal (US) Cu in = 0.0164 liter Cu ft = 28.3162 liter Gal (US) = 3.7853 liter Weight Gram = 15.4324 grains Gram = 0.0353 oz Kg = 2.2046 lb Grain = 0.0648 g Oz = 28.3495 g Lb = 0.4536 kg Cu in * 16.3872 cu cm Cu ft = 0.0283 cu m Cu yd * 0.7647 cu m Concentration grain/ft3 = 2288.1 mg/wi3 lb/1000 ft3 = 16,017. mg/m3 ton/sq mile = 0.35026 grn/m2 lb/acre = 0.11208 gm/m2 lb/1000 ft2 = 4.8807 gm/'m2 grain/ft2 = 0.69725 gm/m2 1 kw-hr= 1000 whr 1.3410 hp-hr 2,655,217 ft-lb 3413 Btu HEAT AND ENERGY UNITS 1 hp-hr= 0.7457 fcw-hr 1,980,000 ft-lb 2545 Btu -- 1 Boiler Hp = 33,475 Btu/hr 1 Ton (refrig) = 12,000 Btu/hr 1 lb water evaporated from and at 212 F 0.2844 kw-hr 0.3814 hp-hr 970.2 Btu Btu = 0.2520 kg-cal TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENTS Fahrenheit, F = Rankin - 460 = 9/5 C + 32 Centrigrade, C * Kelvin - 273 = 5/9 (F-32) PRESSURE EQUIVALENTS 1 Atmosphere = 14.696 lbs per sq in = 2116.3 lbs per sq ft 33.96 ft of water = 407.52 in water 29.92 in of mercury = 760 mm mercury 234.54 oz per sq in = 10340 mm water 1 in water = .0361 lbs per sq in = 5.196 lbs per sq ft .0735 in mercury = 1.876 mm mercury .002456 atmospheres = .5774 oz per sq in 25.4 mm water = .08333 ft of water 1 in mercury = .491 lbs per sq in = 70.70 lbs per sq ft 25.4 mm mercury = 7.86 oz per sq in .03342 atmospheres = 345.6 mm water 13.61 in water = 1.134 ft water 1 mm mercury = .01934 lbs per sq in = 2.789 lbs per sq ft .3094 oz per sq in = .001316 atmospheres .5357 in water = .04464 ft water 13.61 mm water = .03937 in mercury 1 lb per sq in = 144 lbs per sq ft * 16 oz per sq in 51.71 mm mercury = 2.036 in mercury .06804 atmospheres = 703.7 mm water 27.70 in water = 2.309 ft water 1 oz per sq in = .0625 lbs per sq in = 9.00 lbs per sq ft 1.733 in water = .1441 ft water .1272 in mercury = 3.23 mm mercury .00425 atmospheres = 44.02 mm water 1" of water resistance lowers density of air by { of 1%. 1" of water represents 66 ft difference in elevation at sea level to 4000 ft altitude. 1" of water represents 74 ft difference in elevation at 4000 to 6000 ft altitude. 1" of mercury represents 900 ft difference in elevation at sea level to 4000 ft altitude. 1" of mercury represents 1000 ft difference in elevation at 4000 to 6000 ft altitude. 1000 ft difference in elevation at sea level represents 1.11" of mercury = 15.2" water. 1000 ft difference in elevation at 4000 ft represents 1" of mercury = 13.6" water. I 1269PRODUCED JM-83 I MT-PWHD-004807 APPENDIX 13-23 Milligrams per cubic meter CONVERSION CHART FOR DUCT EMISSION PRODUCED JM'$70 MT-PWHD-004808 13-24 APPENDIX Pounds per tOOO pounds standard air o.a .02 03 .05 at 0.2 03 0.5 t.o 234568 to Grains per standard cubic foot CONVERSION CHART FOR DUCT EMISSION MT-PWHD-004809 INDEX A Abbreviations, XIV Abbreviations, table of, XIV Abrasive Blasting cabinet, 5-4 chamber, 6-26 duct gauges, 8-1 elevator, 6-26 room, 5-4 separator, 6-26 Abrasive saw, 5-36 Abrasive wheel manufacture, 5-113 Absolute humidity, definition, XI Acclimatization, 3-3 Acid dipping air borne contaminants, 13-1, 5-63, 5-64, 5-65, 5-66 ventilation, 5-56, 5-57, 5-58, 5-59, 5-60, 5-61, 5-62, 5-63, 5-64, 5-65, 5-66 Aerographing - ceramic, 5-113 Aerosol, definition, XI Air bleed-in, 6-20 change, 7-1 cleaner, definition, XI cleaning high toxicity operations, 11-24, 11-27 industrial operations, 11-26, 11-27, 11-28 radioactive operations, 11-24, 11-27 cleaning devices, 6-19, Section 11 contaminants, 1-3, 7-1, 13-1, 13-2, 13-3, 5-63, 5-64, 5-65, 5-66, 7-1, 13-1 to 13-12 density, XI, 1-1, 6-14 to 6-18, 6-30 mixtures, 1-4 dilution, 2-1 favorable application of, 2-1 limiting factors, 2-1 principles applied to, 2-3 unfavorable application of, 2-1 distribution, 2-3, 7-5 distribution through large hoods, 4-3, 4-4, 4-15, 4-16, 4-19 ejectors, 10-5 filters, 11-1, 11-28 flow characteristics blowing, 1-4 exhausting, 1-4 flow contours, 4-3 flow instruments, Section 9 flow measurement, Section 9 smoke tube, 9-11 tracer gas dilution, 9-14 flow, measurement of, 9-1, 9-14 discharge stacks, 9-1 to 9-8, 9-25 to 9-28 throat suction method, 9-4 Air (continued) flow principles, 1-1 horsepower, definition, XI make-up cost of heating, 7-2 principles, 7-1, 2-3 quantity required, 7-1 systems, 7-1 motion, 1-4 motion at hood, sources, 4-5 movement and drafts, 3-3, 3-10, 7-1 recirculation, 7-7 requirements, Section 3, Section 5 standard, definition, XI variation from standard, 6-14 to 6-18, 6-30 Aluminum furnaces, 5-113 Aneomometer heated thermocouple, 9-12 heated wire, 9-12 rotating vane, 9-8 swinging vane, 9-9, 9-10 velometer, 9-9, 9-10 Aneroid gauge, 9-21 Area - circles, 6-35 Asbestos carding, 5-113 spool winding, 5-113 Aspect ratio, definition, XI Atmospheric pressure, definition, XII Auto parking garage, 5-113 Auto spray paint booth, 5-67, 5-72 Axial flow fans, 10-1, 10-2 B Backstand idler, 5-37 Baffles, 4-3, 4-4, 4-16 Bag filling, 5-28, 5-29, 5-113 Bagging (paper & cloth bags), 5-113 Baking ovens, 2-3, 2-4, 5-68 Banbury mixer, 5-93 Band saw, 5-54, 5-78 Barbeque, 5-105 Barrel filling, 5-30, 5-113 Belt, conveyors, 5-29, 5-33 Belt grinders, 5-37, 5-38 Belt sanders, 5-74, 5-82 Belt wiper, 5-35 Bench hoods, 4-17, 5-48, 5-49, 5-59, 5-108 Bernoulli's Theorem, 1-3 Bibliography, 12-1 Bin ventilation, 5-31 Blast gate, definition, XI Blast gates, 8-4 Blow (throw), definition, XI Blowing characteristics, 1-4 Booth-type hoods, 4-14, 4-19, 5-50, 5-51, 5-67, 5-69, 5-70, 5-72 14 PRODUCED JMI - 831272 MT-PWHD-004810 14-2 INDEX Brake horsepower, definition, XI Branch entry, 6-10, 6-20, 6-27, 6-29, 6-36, 6-37 Bright dip, 5-57 to 5-66 Broiler, 5-105 Brushes, 5-87 Bucket elevators, 5-32 Buffing automatic, 5-39, 5-40 wheels, 5-41, 5-42 C Calender rolls, rubber, 5-94, 5-114 Calibration of air measuring instruments, 9-14 Canopy hoods, 4-3, 4-4, 4-13, 4-17, 5-68, 5-95, 5-102 to 5-104 Capture velocity, definition, XI Capture velocities principles, 4-1, 4-3, 4-4, 4-17 range of, 4-5 Carding, asbestos, 5-113 Cement manufacture, air cleaning, 11-26 Centrifugal collectors, 11-13, 11-14, 11-16, 11-25 cyclone, 11-14, 11-16, 11-25 dry type dynamic precipitator, 11-14, 11-16, 11-25 high efficiency, 11-14, 11-16, 11-25 wet centrifugal, 11-11, 11-12, 11-25 Centrifugal fans backward blade, 10-1, 10-3 foreward curved blade, 10-1, 10-3 radial blade, 10-1, 10-3 straight blade, 10-1, 10-3 Ceramic industry, air cleaning, 11-26 Ceramic manufacture, 5-114 Charcoal broiler and barbeque, 5-105 Chemical industry, air cleaning, 11-26 Chipping table, 5-48, 5-49 Chisel, pneumatic, hood, 5-88 Circles - areas and circumferences of, 6-35 Circular equivalent of ducts, 6-41 Circumferences of circles, 6-35 Cleaning tanks, 5-57 to 5-66 Cleanout openings, 8-3 Clean room air flow, 5-109 Clean room air flow data, 5-110 Cloth arresters (see dust collector, fabric collectors) Coal mining and combustion, air cleaning, 11-26 Coating pans, 5-114 Coefficient of entry, definition, XI Coefficient, hood entry, 4-5, 4-6, 4-11, 6-26 Cold header, 5-111 Collectors centrifugal type cyclone, 11-14, 11-16, 11-25 dry type dynamic, 11-14, 11-16, 11-25 high efficiency, 11-14, 11-16, 11-25 comparison chart, 11-25 dust, Section 11 efficiency, 11-17, 11-25 electrostatic precipitator, 11-2, 11-4, 11-23 fabric, 11-2, 11-3, 11-6, 11-7, 11-8 Collectors (continued) louvre type, 11-14, 11-16, 11-25 selection, 11-29 unit collectors, 11-15, 11-16, 11-25 wet type dynamic precipitator, 11-23, 11-14, 11-25 orifice type, 11-11, 11-14, 11-25 packed towers, 11-8, 11-11, 11-12, 11-23, 11-25 venturi scrubber, 11-11, 11-12, 11-25 wet centrifugal, 11-11, 11-12, 11-25 Combustion calculations, 7-2, 7-3 Comfort chart, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6 Comfort levels vs TLV's, 13-13 Cone wheels, 5-86 Contraction losses, 6-11, 6-12 Construction specifications, Section 8 general, 8-1 materials, 8-1, 8-7 system details, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4, 8-5, 8-6 Contaminants, air, 1-3, 7-1, 13-1, 5-63, 5-65, 5-66 Convection, XI Conversion factors, 13-22 Conveyor Belts, 5-31, 5-33, 5-35 Cooling tunnels (foundry), 5-113 Cooling velocity, 3-10 Core grander, 5-5 knockout, 5-113 molding, 5-17, 5-18 sanding, 5-113 Crucible furnaces, 5-6, 5-19, 5-105 Crushers, 5-113 Cup wheels, 5-87 Cut-off wheel, 5-36 D Dampers, fixed, 8-4 Definitions, XI, XII, XIII Degreasing tank, 5-55 Degree days, 7-5 Density definition, XI correction factors, 6-30, 9-29, 9-30 Design (see hood, duct, fan, collectors) Design hood procedure, 4-5 Die casting hood, 5-96, 5-97, 5-98 Dilution air volumes for vapors, 2-2 ventilation, 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4 air distribution, 2-3 Dip tanks, 5-56 to 5-70 Disc sander, 5-71 Discharge - air flow, 6-39, 6-40 Dishwasher hood, 5-104 Downdraft hoods, 4-19, 5-14, 5-15, 5-49, 5-50 Drafts, 3-3, 3-10, 7-1 Drilling, rock, 5-101, 5-113 Drum sander, 5-76, 5-77 Dry box, 5-20 Drying I I il 1273 MT-PWHD-004811 INDEX 14-3 Drying (continued) oven, 2-4, 5-68 time, solvent, 13-17 Duct contraction, 6-11, 6-12 Duct design calculations for, 6-1 choice of method of, 6-4, 6-5, 6-23 corrections density, 6-14 to 6-18 duct materials, 6-13, 6-30 non-circular ducts, 6-13, 6-41 temperature and elevation, 6-14 to 6-18 velocity changes, 6-10 to 6-12, 6-19 data, Section 6 fan, 10-1 methods of calculating, 6-1 to 6-9, 6-23 to 6-25 pressure drop, 1-3, 6-3, 6-32 to 6-34 primary steps for, 6-1 principles, Section 6 procedure, 6-1, 6-23 sample calculations, 6-3 to 6-9, 6-23 to 6-25 work sheets for, 6-3, 6-8, 6-9, 6-24, 6-25 Duct, enlargement, 6-11, 6-12, 6-19 Dust air borne, 4-1, 11-17, 13-4 to 13-12 definition, XII particle size range, 11-17 Dust collector application of, 11-1, 11-26 centrifugal type, 11-14, 11-25 combined fan and, 10-5, 11-16 (see dynamic precipitators) comparison chart, 11-25 cost, 11-24 cost chart, 11-22 description of, 11-1 efficiency, 11-17, 11-25 electrostatic precipitator, 11-2, 11-4, 11-25 fabric type, 11-4, 11-6, 11-7, 11-8, 11-9, 11-25 louvre type, 11-14, 11-15, 11-25 principle of operation of, 11-1 selection, 11-1, 11-2, 11-16 settling chamber, 11-14 specific applications, 11-26, 11-27 unit collectors, 11-2, 11-14, 11-15, 11-16 wet type (see also Wet Type Dust Collectors) dynamic precipitator, 11-11, 11-13, 11-25 orifice type, 11-11, 11-13, 11-25 packed tower, 11-25 venturi scrubber, 11-10, 11-12 Dust collector types, Section 11 Dynamic loss air duct, 1-2, 6-3 E Effective specific gravity, 1-3, 1-4 Effective temperature, XII, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7 corrected for radiation, 3-7 Elbows, 6-27, 6-28, 6-36, 8-6 Electric furnaces, 5-7, 5-8, 5-114 Electroplating, 5-57 to 5-66 Electropolishing, 5-57 to 5-66 Electrostatic precipitator, 11-2, 11-4, 11-25 Elevation, correction for, 6-14, 6-30, 9-29 Elevators, 5-32, 6-22 Enlargement losses, 6-11, 6-12, 6-19 Entrainment ratio, (push-pull), 4-20 Entry-branch duct, 6-27, 6-29, 6-36, 6-37 Entry-hood coefficient, 4-5, 4-6, 4-11, 6-26 coefficient, definition, XI losses, XI, 1-1, 4-11, 6-26 Environment, industry hot, 3-3, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9 normal, 3-3 Equation of flow, 4-3 Equivalent sizes, round to rectangular, 6-41 Etching, 13-13 Evase discharge, 6-19, 10-12 Exhaust fans, Section 10 Exhaust Stack Outlets, 6-20 Exhaust systems causes of failure, 9-25 construction specifications, 8-1 details, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4, 8-5, 8-6 evaluation, 9-22 to 9-27 hoods (see also Hood, Design and Types), 4-1, 5-1, 5-2 low volume-high velocity, 5-84 to 5-92 plenum type, 6-20 to 6-23 Exhausting, characteristics, 1-4 Explosion, dilution ventilation for, 2-3, 2-4 Explosive limit, lower, definition, XI Explosive limits, 2-3, 2-4, 13-14, 13-15, 13-16, XI F Fabric arresters, pressure drop, 11-4, 11-6, 11-7, 11-8 Fabric collectors, 11-4, 11-6, 11-7, 11-8, 11-25 Face velocity, 1-4, 4-1, 4-2 Fans, Section 10 axial flow type, 10-1, 10-2 propeller, 10-1, 10-2 tube-axial (duct fan), 10-1, 10-2 vane - axial, 10-1, 10-2 centrifugal type backward curved blades, 10-1, 10-3 forward curved blades, 10-1, 10-3 straight or radial blades, 10-1, 10-3 exhaust operating limits, 10-6 spark-resistant construction, 10-9 horsepower, 10-9 inlet, 10-12, 10-13 inspection of, 10-13 Fan installation, 10-12 laws, 10-11 location consideration of, 10-13 losses, 10-13 maintenance of, 10-13 parallel operation, 10-10 point of rating, 10-7 JM-83 MT-PWHD-004812 14-4 Fan installation (continued) rating tables, 10-7 selection of, 10-1, 10-8 series operation, 10-11 Fan static pressure, 6-19, 10-7 Feed mills, 5-112 Fire, dilution ventilation for, 2-6 Fish tail, (Hood), 4-15, 4-18, 5-57, 5-58, 6-26 Flange hoods, 4-17, 4-18 Flanging, effects of, 4-1, 4-17, 4-18 Flash points, 13-14 to 13-16 Floor hoods, 4-17 Flour mills, 5-112 Flues, 7-6 Fluidized beds, 5-107 Fly ash, air cleaning, 11-26 Food industry, air cleaning, 11-26 Forge, 5-114 Foundry air cleaning, 11-26 bins, 5-29 chipping, 5-49 conveyor belts, 5-31, 5-33 cooling tunnels, 5-113 core grinder, 5-5 core knockout, 5-113 core sanding, 5-113 elevators, 5-32 grinding, 5-43 to 5-50 mullers, 5-10, 5-11 pouring, 5-12 screens, 5-34 shakeout, 5-13, 5-14, 5-15 shell core molding, 5-17 Friction chart, 6-31, 6-32, 6-34 Friction loss, 1-3, 6-31, 6-32, 6-34 Fuel data, 7-3 Fumes, XII, 4-1, 11-17, 13-1 Furnaces aluminum, 5-113 crucible, 5-6 electric, 5-4, 5-8 melting, 5-6, 5-9 non-tilting, 5-6, 5-19, 5-105 tilting, 5-9 rocking, 5-7 G Garage ventilation, 5-99, 5-100, 5-113 Gas fuel data, 7-3 Gas collectors, 11-23 Gases concentration, 13-1 to 13-10 definition, XII, 4-1 properties of, 13-8 General ventilation, 2-1 Globe temperature, 3-3 Glove box, 5-20 Grain elevators, 5-112 mills, air cleaning, 11-26 Granite cutting, 5-101 INDEX Gravity, specific, XI, 1-4, 13-8, 13-9, 13-10 Grinders belt, 5-37, 5-38 core, 5-5 disc horizontal single spindle, 5-44 horizontal double spindle, 5-43 vertical spindle, 5-45 jack, 5-46, 5-47 portable, 5-19, 5-35 small radial, hood, 5-89 surface, 5-53 hood, 5-87 swing, 5-50 Grinding hood entry losses, 6-26 hoods, 4-7, 4-13, 5-43 to 5-50, 5-53, 5-84, 5-85, 5-86, 5-87, 5-89, 5-113 table, 5-48, 5-49 H Health, dilution ventilation for, 2-3, 2-4 Heat latent, 3-9 load, 3-9 radiant, 3-4 sensible, 3-9 Heat balance, 3-2 adaptive mechanism, 3-2 balance, 3-2 control, 3-8, 3-9, 3-10 engineering, 3-8, 3-9, 3-10 tolerance, 3-6, 3-7, 3-8 Heating costs, 7-2, 7-3 Heating degree days, 7-5 High toxicity hoods, 4-9, 5-19 to 5-25 High toxicity operations, 11-23 air cleaning, 11-26 Hood design, 4-1, 4-4, 4-5, 4-17, 4-18, 4-19, 4-20 air flow direction, 4-12, 4-13, 4-14 canopies, 4-3, 5-91 cross drafts, 4-5 enclosure, 4-13 entry coefficient, 4-5, 4-6, 4-11, 6-26 sample calculation, 4-7 entry losses, 4-11, 6-26 grinding wheel volumes, 5-46 to 5-50, 5-84, 5-85 location, 4-12, 4-13, 4-14 plain openings, 4-1, 4-2 principles, 4-1, 4-12, 4-13, 4-14 procedure, 4-5 radioactive materials hoods, 4-9, 5-20 to 5-25 slots, 4-4 Hood, entrance losses, 1-3 Hood static pressure, 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 Hood types bench, 4-16, 4-17, 4-18, 4-19, 5-48, 5-49, 5-70, 5-108 booth, 4-19, 5-50, 5-51, 5-67, 5-69, 5-70 canopy, 4-3, 4-13, 4-17, 5-68, 5-95 downdraft, 4-19, 5-14, 5-15, 5-48 MT-PWHD-004813 INDEX 14-5 Hood types (continued) floor, 4-17 freely suspended, 4-17, 4-18 push-pull, 4-20 slots, 4-4, 4-15, 4-17, 5-57, 5-58 specific operations, 5-1, 5-2 wide flange, 4-17 Hopper ventilation, 5-31 Horsepower air, definition, XI brake, definition, XI Horsepower - fans, 10-4 Humidity, absolute, definition, XI Humidity, corrections, 9-28 Humidity, relative, XI, 3-3, 3-7, 3-9, 13-18 to 13-21 I Impregnating - wire, 5-114 Inclined manometer, 9-21, 9-22 Industrial operations, air cleaning, 11-26, 11-27, 11-28 Infiltration, 7-1 Metal spraying, 5-51 Metallizing booth, 5-51 Micron, definition, XI Mill, tumbling, 5-16 Milling machine, 5-27 Miscellaneous specific operations, 5-113, 5-114 Mist collection, 11-23 Mists, Xn, 4-1, 13-5 to 13-10, 13-13, 13-14 Mixer, 5-10, 5-11, 5-93 Mixtures, dilution ventilation, 2-4 Molders, 5-82 Muller, 5-10, 5-11 N Nozzles, 9-4 O Oil fuel data, 7-6 Open surface tanks, 5-53 to 5-66 Orifices, 4-11, 6-22, 9-4, 9-16, 9-18 Ovens, 2-3, 5-68 JP Jointer, 5-73 K K-value, 2-1, 2-2 Kettles, varnish, 5-114 Kitchen hoods, 5-102 to 5-104 L Laboratory hoods, 4-9, 5-21, 5-22, 5-24 Latent heat, 3-9 Lathe hood, 5-25 Laws, fan, 10-8 Lead glaze spraying, 5-113 Louvre collector, 11-16 Low volume-High velocity Exhaust Systems, 5-84 to 5-92 Lower explosive limit, definition, XI M Make-up air, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 7-1 equipment, 7-2 Manifold design, 4-15, 4-16 Manometer, XI, 9-21, 9-22 Matchers, 5-82 Melting furnace, 5-6, 5-7, 5-8, 5-9, 5-19 pot, 5-105 Metal bandsaw, 5-54 Metal cleaning, 5-57 to 5-66 Metal melting, air cleaning, 11-26 Metal polishing belt, 5-38 Metal working, air cleaning, 11-26 Metal shears, 5-26 Packaging Machine, 5-28, 5-114 Painting, spray, 5-67, 5-69 to 5-71 Paper machine, 5-114 Particle size range, 11-17 Perchloric acid hood data, 5-23 Phanm uticpls, air electing, 11-26 Physic*. constants, 13-14 to 13-16 Physiological principles, 3-1 Pickling, 5-56 to 5-66 Pistol range, 5-106 Pitot tube, 9-1 to 9-8 limitation, 9-4 traverse with, 9-6, 9-7, 9-24, 9-29 Planers, 5-82 Plastics, air cleaning, 11-26 Plastics, (Corrosion), 8-7 Plating, 5-56 to 5-66 Plenum, XII Plenum type exhaust systems, 6-20 Plenum velocity, 4-4 Pneumatic hand tools, 5-88, 5-101 Polishing belt, 5-37, 5-38 wheels, 5-39 to 5-42 Portable grinding, 5-48, 5-49, 5-84 to 5-89 Pouring, 5-12 Pressure atmospheric, XII hood static, 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 loss calculations, Section 6 measurements, 9-20 regain, 6-11, 6-12, 6-19 static, Xn, 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 4-5, 6-19, 9-20, 10-6 total, xn, 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 6-19 vapor, xn velocity, xn, 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 6-33, 9-3 PR0^U376 M - 3 MT-PWHD-004814 14-6 INDEX Pressure drop, ductwork (chart), 6-31, 6-32, 6-34 Proller fan bucket blade, 10-1 disc blade, 10-1 narrow blade, 10-1 propeller blade, 10-1 tube axial, 10-1 Protective suits for heat, 3-10 Psychrometric chart, 3-7 high temperature, 13-15, 13-17, 13-20, 13-21 hot humid air, 13-17 humid air, 13-16 low temperature, 13-18, 13-19 Push-pull hoods, 4-20 Quartz fusing, 5-114 Q R Radial saw, 5-81 Radiant heat effective temperature, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7 shielding, 3-11 Radiation, Xn, 3-2, 3-4, 3-7, 3-10, 3-11 Radiation, thermal, control, 3-11 Radioactive materials hoods, 4-9, 5-19 to 5-25 Radioactive operations air cleaning, 11-23, 11-24, 11-27 ventilation, 4-10, 4-11 Rating tables, fan, 10-6 Recirculation acceptable, 7-3, 7-5 design factors, 7-3, 7-5 operation factors, 7-3, 7-5 not recommended, 7-5 nuisance contaminants, 7-5 Rectangular equivalents (ducts), 6-41 Refrigerated suits, 3-10 Relative humidity, XII Resistance loss factors influencing, Section 6 Respiratory protection, 3-2, 3-11, 5-69, 5-71 requirements, 3-1 Reverse jet arrester, 11-6, 11-7, 11-8 Rifle range, 5-106 Rip saw, 5-80, 5-81 Rock drilling, 5-84, 5-85, 5-101, 5-113 Rock products, air cleaning, 11-26 Rolls, rubber calender, 5-113 Routers, 5-82 Rubber, calender rolls, 5-114 Rubber products, air cleaning, 11-26 S Sanders (continued) drum, 5-76, 5-77 swing, 5-82 Sash stickers, 5-82 SawB abrasive, 5-36 band, 5-54, 5-78 miscellaneous, 5-82, 5-83 radial, 5-81 rip, 5-80, 5-82 swing, 5-79 table, 5-80, 5-82 Screens cylindrical, 5-34 flat deck, 5-34, 5-114 Sensible heat, 3-9 Settling chamber, 11-16, 11-25 Shake out, 5-13, 5-14, 5-15 Shears, metal, 5-24 Shell core molding, 5-17, 5-18 Shot blasting room, 5-4 Side draft hood, 4-15, 5-12, 5-56, 5-57, 5-58 Silver soldering, 5-51, 5-114 Sizers, 5-82 Slots, 4-4, 4-7, 4-17, 4-18, 5-30, 5-55 to 5-59 hoods, 4-15, 4-16, 4-17 lateral, 5-13, 5-52, 5-55 to 5-57 resistance, 4-10, 6-26 Slot velocity, definition, XR, 4-2 Smoke, XII Smoke tube, 9-14 Soldering, 5-52 Solvent degreasing, 5-54 drying time, 13-17 Solvent mixtures, dilution ventilation for, 2-4 Specific gravity, XII, 1-4, 13-14 to 13-16 effective, 1-3, 1-4 Specific operations, 5-1, 5-2 Spraying ceramic, 5-114 metal, 5-51 paint, 5-67 to 5-72 Stack measurements, 9-1 to 9-8, 9-25 to 9-28 Static pressure, XII, 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 4-5, 4-6, 4-7, 4-8, 4-9, 4-10, 6-3, 9-20 Static pressure (fan), 6-19, 10-6 Static regain, 6-11, 6-12, 6-18 Steam kettles, 5-114 Stone crusher, 5-114 Stone cutting, 5-101 Stripping, 5-57 to 5-66 Supply air, Section 7 Surface grinder, 5-53 Surfacing machine, 5-101 Suspended hoods, 4-17, 4-18 Swing grinder, 5-50 Salt bath, 5-57, 5-66 Sanders belt, 5-74, 5-82 disc, 5-75, 5-82 T Table exhaust, 5-48, 5-49, 5-52, 5-59 Tables I I I > f I ) 1277 - 83 MT-PWHD-004815 INDEX 14-T Tables (continued) air filter characteristics, comparison, 11-28 areas and circumference of circles, 6-35 capture velocities, 4-5 comfort limits vs TLV's comparison, 13-13 comparison of air flow instruments, 9-8 correction factors for rotating vane anemometer, 9-9 correction factors for swinging vane anemometer (velometer), 9-10 density, correction factors, 6-30 dilution air volumes for vapors, 2-2 dust collector characteristics, comparison, 11-25 dust collectors for industrial processes, 11-26 exhaust volumes low volume-high velocity, 5-84 miscellaneous specific operations, 5-113 miscellaneous woodworking machinery, 5-79 fuel type vs available BTU, 7-2 grain industry, 5-112 metal finishing processes (baths), 5-64 outside average temperature vs BTUAr/cfm, 7-2 physical and chemical properties of plastics, 8-7 physical constants of liquids, gases, solids, 13-14 to 13-16 pitot traverse points, 9-1 to 9-7 radiant heat shielding, 3-10 range of capture velocities, 4-5 solvent drying times, 13-4 temperature tolerances, 3-8, 3-9 velocity pressures, 6-33 Tailpipe ventilation, 5-99, 5-100 Tank exhaust, 5-56 to 5-66 Temperature, 6-14 corrections for, 6-14 to 6-18, 9-3, 9-28 to 9-30 effective, XU, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7 engineering control, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9, 3-10 globe temperature, 3-3 map, 7-4 radiant, correction for, 3-7 safe exposure periods, 3-8 wet bulb, XII, 13-18 to 13-21 Tenoner, 5-82 Testing, ventilation systems, 9-1 Thermal equilibrium, 3-1 radiation control, 3-9 Thermocouple anemometer, 9-12 Threshold limit values, XIII, 13-1 to 13-12 Throat suction method, 4-6, 9-4 Throw, XI, 1-4, See Blow Tolerance to heat, 3-7, 3-8 Torch cutting, 5-108 Total pressure, XII, 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 6-10 Toxic operations, ventilation, 4-9 Tracer gas dilution, 9-14 Trailer interior spray painting, 5-71 Transport velocity, definition, XII Truck spray painting booth, 5-72 Tumbling mill, 5-16 " Turbulence, 1-3, 9-3, 9-14 . Turbulence losses, 1-3 U U-Tube, 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 9-21, 9-22 Unit collectors, 11-11, 11-15, 11-16, 11-25 V Vane anemometer, 9-9, 9-10 axial fan, 10-1, 10-2 Vapor collectors, 11-23 Vapor, definition, XII TLV's, 13-1 Vapor pressure, definition, XII Varnish kettles, 5-114 Velocity capture, 4-1, 4-3, 4-4, 4-17, 4-18 capture, definition, XI contours, 4-2 cooling, 3-9 definitions, XI, XII, 4-3, 4-4 duct, 4-4, 6-23 face, 1-4, 4-4 measurement, 9-1 plenum, 4-4 pressure, XU, 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 6-29 pressure chart, 6-29 slot, XII, 4-4, 4-15, Section 5 transport, xm, 4-4, Section 5 Velometer, 9-9, 9-10 correction factors for use, 9-10 use of exhaust openings, 9-10, 9-11 use at supply openings, 9-10, 9-11 Vena contracta, 4-6 Ventilation dilution, 2-1 air distribution, 2-3 favorable application of, 2-1 fire and explosion, 2-4 limiting factors, 2-1 principles applied to, 2-3 unfavorable application of, 2-1 general, 2-1 general principles, 1-1 heat control, 3-1 air movement, 3-2, 3-9 hot atmospheres, 3-9 mechanical, 3-9 natural, 3-9 ratioactive operations, 4-9 rates, Section 5 systems, testing, 9-1 toxic operations, 4-9 Venturi (air ejectors), 10-5 W Weather cap, 6-10, 6-20, 6-23, 6-25, 8-5 Welding, 5-52 Wet bulb temperature, XIII, 13-18 to 13-21 Wet type dust collectors dynamic precipitator, 11-8, 11-10, 11-11, 11-25 PRODUCERS JM -83 MT-PWHD-004816 14-8 Wet type dust collectors (continued) orifice type, 11-11, 11-13, 11-25 packed towers, 11-8, 11-10, 11-25 venturi scrubber, 11-8, 11-12, 11-25 wet centrifugal, 11-8, 11-12, 11-25 Wind tunnels, 9-14 Winter temperatures, in US, 7-3 INDEX Wiper, belt, 5-35 Wire brushes, 5-87 Wire impregnating, 5-114 Woodshaper, 5-83 Woodworking air cleaning, 11-26 machines, exhaust volumes, 5-73 to 5-83 ! \ 1 ; 1 ' I i l ( I I I ^ .) 1279 JM-'ttf' * 1 MT-PWHD-004817 MT-PWHD-004R1R MT-PWHD-004819