Document nkxv36DG3b5aR1jJpy0ZN1G71

1756 1 (1:20 p.m.) 2 (All parties present.) 3 (Jury present.) 4 5 (AFTERNOON SESSION 6 THE COURT: Are we just going to 7 pick up where we left off? MR. FELL: Yes, Your Honor. 9 (Video resumed.) 10 Q. Appears to be either a memorandum or a 11 letter from Mr. R. Emmet Kelly -- Dr. R. 12 Emmet Kelly, M.D. to W. B. Papageorge, 13 correct? 14 A. That is correct. 15 Q. And you became aware from this memo that 16 the Ohio Health Department had found 17 PCBs, particularly Aroclor 1254, in 18 samples of milk from at least three 19 herds in Ohio, correct? 20 A. That is correct. 21 Q. Had you ever become aware before this 22 memo of the possibility of milk being 23 contaminated with PCBs? 1756 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068367 1 A. Yes. 2 Q. When? 3 A. Early 1970, as best I recall. 4 Q. And how did that come about? 5 A. I received a report of the findings of 6 milk in cattle in Georgia that was later 7 attributed to the fact that cattle were grazing under -- on land under power 9 lines. And these areas were sprayed 10 with oils to discourage dense weed 11 growth. And it was eventually 12 determined that these oils contained 13 PCBs in them. 14 Q. Okay. In seeing what's reported here, 15 the Ohio Health Department traced the 16 contamination to the PCBs in the paint 17 in the silos, correct? 18 A. That is correct. 19 Q. The last paragraph states, "This brings 20 us to a very serious point. When are we 21 going to tell our customers not to use 22 any Aroclor in any paint formulation 23 that contacts food, feed, or water for 1757 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068368 animals or humans? I think it is very important that this be done." Do you see that? A. I do. Q. Before this incident in Ohio, did Monsanto ever consider telling its customers not to use PCBs in any paint formulation that contacted food, feed, or water for animals or humans? A. At this point in time there was serious consideration given to those very thoughts of PCBs in relationship to food for animals or humans. MR. PRATER: Your Honor, the next question was, "QUESTION: When you say at this point in time, do you mean after receipt of the memo, before receipt of the memo? "ANSWER: Before. We were in the process of coming up with a PCB phase-out program. Dr. Kelly was not aware of 1758 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068369 that activity. So what he was proposing was already being seriously considered and resulted in Monsanto's program that was announced in -- oh, in a couple of months after that, about May of 1970 or thereabouts. Early summer is the best I can recall now. And the part I have in mind here is that reference to the termination of sales of PCBs to the open uses, including paints." (Video resumed.) Q. Let me show you Papageorge Thirty for identification. This is a two-page document dated February 10th, 1967, apparently a letter from Dr. Kelly to Mr. D. Wood in London. And it bears Bate's number NEV 0237645 and NEV 0236 -- MR. PECK: I think you said that 1759 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068370 1 wrong. 2 MR. ATKIN: 023645? 3 MR. PECK: Yeah. 4 Q. And NEV 023646. I'd ask you to review 5 that if you could. 6 A. I have reviewed the exhibit. 7 Q. Okay. Who was Mr. Wood? 8 A. Mr. Wood was a Monsanto employee in the 9 marketing department working out of 10 Brussels, Belgium. 11 Q. Okay. Was he responsible for the 12 marketing of Aroclor products? 13 A. He was one of several, yes. 14 Q. Do you recall any discussions with 15 Mr. Wheeler about this document? 16 A. Of course not word for word, but in 17 essence this document was Mr. Wheeler's 18 way of bringing up the subject of how 19 PCBs were being found in environmental 20 samples at a Swedish laboratory and how 21 Monsanto received the first information 22 regarding that study. 23 Q. That was a study done by Jenssen? 1760 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068371 1 A. Yes . 2 Q. Okay. This memo reflects that by 1967 3 Monsanto was getting concerned about 4 PCBs in the air and in fish and other 5 living reservoirs, correct? 6 A. Correct. 7 Q. The next sentence states, "We feel our customers, especially NCR, may ask us 9 for some sort of data concerning the 10 safety of these residues in humans." Do 11 you see that? 12 A. I do. 13 Q. Was this the first time to your 14 knowledge that Monsanto first considered 15 that its customers might ask for some 16 sort of data concerning the safety of 17 these residues in humans? 18 A. No. The questions regarding health 19 effects of PCBs were shared with 20 customers like NCR. They already knew 21 what Monsanto knew. 22 Q. When was this, as of 1967? 23 A. Yes. 1761 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068372 1 Q. When you talk about the warnings that 2 had been provided to customers by 3 Monsanto, you mentioned certain health 4 hazards, correct? 5 A. Yes. 6 Q. Did those warnings also include 7 information about liver problems? A. In some cases, yes. I remember some 9 reference to continued excessive 10 exposure could damage the liver to the 11 point where it could no longer recover 12 itself. 13 Did those warnings ever talk about 14 possible systemic injury from PCB 15 exposure? 16 A. Yes. 17 Q. Do you recall when for the first time 18 the warnings included information about 19 possible liver trouble? 20 I don't remember a specific date. It 21 seems like it was in product brochures 22 and product literature for decades. I 23 just don't remember a date. 1762 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068373 1 Q. And I guess the same would hold true for 2 possible systemic injury, that you 3 wouldn't recall the exact date? 4 A. That is correct. 5 Q. Did you have any involvement in 6 formulating the warning labels that 7 Monsanto put on its PCB products? A. Some of them. 9 Q. Okay. What was your involvement? 10 A. I was involved in the wording of the 11 paragraph that referred to the findings 12 of PCBs in the environment and the 13 precautionary statements included in 14 that paragraph, to handle it carefully 15 and not allow it to escape into the 16 environment. And eventually there was a 17 phrase or a sentence included referring 18 to prevention of entry into animal feed 19 and human food. 20 Q. And one of the things that Monsanto did 21 tell its customers was they should avoid 22 prolonged breathing of PCB vapors or 23 mists, correct? 1763 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068374 A. Oh, yes, definitely. Q. That's all I have on that document. Before we go on to Thirty-one, did Monsanto ever provide the residents of Anniston with any data concerning the health hazards of PCBs in humans? A. Uh-uh (indicating no). Why would they? Q. The answer is no? A. No. Q. For identification purposes, this is a document bearing Bate's number MONS 096865 and MONS 096866 dated February 14th, 1969, either a memorandum or letter written from Mr. -- written by Mr. Roush, R-o-u-s-h, Don Roush, to J. J. Roder, R-o-d-e-r, in Chicago; subject, inquiry from Vapor Corporation on toxic effects of chlorinated biphenyl. Have you had a chance to look at this? A. I am reading it, reviewing it now. Q. Take your time, please. A. I have read the exhibit. 011802C 1765 1764 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068375 1 Q. This memo apparently concerns inquiries 2 that were being made by a customer, 3 Vapor Corporation, about the toxic 4 effects of PCBs, correct? 5 A. Yes. 6 Q. In the second sentence of the first 7 paragraph Mr. Roush says that Monsanto was advised of the bran oil poisoning of 9 quite a number of Japanese citizens 10 attributed to PCBs. That's what became 11 known as the Yusho incident, correct? 12 A. You meant the first paragraph. I think 13 you said the second. 14 Q. I'm sorry. The second sentence of the 15 first paragraph. 16 A. I see that, yes, sir. 17 Q. And that's what became known as the 18 Yusho incident? 19 A. Correct. 20 Q. How many people got sick in the Yusho 21 incident? 22 A. Oh, I don't recall the number. 23 Q. Several hundred? 1765 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068376 1 A. That's a good estimate. 2 Q. Do you know how many people died? 3 A. I don't recall any deaths. 4 Q. Okay. Did Monsanto ever tell customers 5 about the Yusho incident? 6 A. I know personally that starting in 1970 7 we instructed the field representatives at their sales meetings of the incident 9 and what occurred and what was found. I 10 know I personally talked to groups of 11 customers. 12 Q. I understand. But was there a corporate 13 policy either to tell or not to tell 14 Monsanto's customers about the Yusho 15 incident? 16 A. The policy was to share whatever 17 information we had. 18 Q. So to your knowledge, Monsanto did share 19 that information with its customers? 20 A. Yes. 21 Q. Did Monsanto ever tell any of the 22 residents of Anniston, Alabama about the 23 Yusho incident? 1766 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068377 1 A. Not that I know of. 2 Q. Can PCBs cause certain toxic and 3 systemic effects as indicated in 4 paragraph two of this memorandum? 5 A. Yes. 6 Q. Okay. And did Monsanto ever tell any of 7 the residents of Anniston, Alabama, that PCBs could cause certain toxic and 9 systemic effects? 10 A. No. 11 Q. Take your time to look at this. This is 12 a memo from Mr. Richard of the research 13 center to Mr. Wheeler, dated September 14 9th, 1969, regarding subject, defense of 15 Aroclor fluids. 16 A. I have scanned the exhibit. 17 Q. Okay. Part of the strategy that 18 Monsanto devised to defend PCBs was to 19 question the evidence that PCBs were 20 harmful to the environment and to fish; 21 isn't that right? 22 A. That's correct. 23 MR. PRATER: The next question 1767 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068378 1 was : 2 "QUESTION: The last sentence on 3 the first page indicates that 4 Monsanto decided that it had 5 to clean up as much PCBs as 6 it could, starting 7 immediately, correct? "ANSWER: I don't know that I 9 can -- This represents a very 10 rough draft of some 11 preliminary thoughts brought 12 together by a group. So it's 13 a first pass attempt to jot 14 down all the thoughts that 15 were shared at the time. So 16 when you use the expression 17 'this is Monsanto's 18 decision,' at this point in 19 time it wasn't an official 20 Monsanto program as displayed 21 in this document. 22 (Video resumed.) 23 Q. Well, Mr. Richard expressed the opinion 1768 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068379 1 in this document that Monsanto would 2 have to clean up as much as we can, 3 starting immediately, correct? 4 A. I don't know if it is Dr. Richard 5 personally or whether copying from the 6 blackboard where the notes were jotted 7 down. Someone else might have offered this as a thought. 9 Q. Okay. How much of the PCBs in Anniston, 10 Alabama did Monsanto in fact clean up? 11 A. I have no idea. I don't think anybody 12 does . 13 Q. In terms of pounds, how many pounds of 14 PCBs were put into the landfill on 15 Monsanto's property in Anniston, 16 Alabama? 17 A. I don't know. 18 Q. How long did Monsanto manufacture PCBs 19 for in Anniston, Alabama? 20 A. Monsanto itself from early '30, '31 or 21 thereabouts, until 1971. Forty years. 22 Q. How about in the 1960s, on average? Do 23 you know how many pounds per year 1769 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068380 Monsanto was manufacturing? MR. PECK: In -- MR. ATKIN: In Anniston, Alabama, yes. Thank you. A. They were approaching the thirty million pound a year quantity. Is it accurate to say that there were at a minimum millions of pounds of PCBs 10 Alabama from -- 11 A. Yes. 12 Q. -- the 1930s through 1971? 13 A. Yes. 14 Q. Okay. You would agree with me, sir, 15 wouldn't you, that Anniston, Alabama and 16 Sauget, Illinois should have been 17 treated with equal levels of concern and 18 precaution by Monsanto? 19 A. They were. 20 Q. And the same goes for the workers at the 21 two plants, right? 22 A. Yes. 23 Q. And were the workers at the two plants 1770 2002 01 18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068381 1 protected with ventilation systems? 2 A. Certainly. 3 Q. And were they given gloves and booties 4 to wear? 5 A. Yes, sir. 6 Q. And were they told to change their 7 clothes? A. Yes, sir. 9 Q. And was there any medical monitoring 10 done? 11 MR. PRATER: Objection, Your 12 Honor. That's okay. 13 (Video resumed.) 14 A. Yes, sir. 15 Q. And they were given advice and warnings 16 about PCBs? 17 A. Yes. 18 Q. Okay. Did Monsanto ever conduct an 19 epidemiological or health study of the 20 residents of Anniston? 21 A. Not to my knowledge. 22 Q. Did Monsanto ever determine or attempt 23 to determine the body burdens of PCBs in 1771 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068382 1 Anniston residents? 2 A. Not to my knowledge. 3 Q. Did Monsanto ever tell the residents of 4 Anniston that they might have elevated 5 body burdens of PCBs? 6 A. Not that I know of. 7 Q. Would you let your daughter eat fish that were contaminated with seventeen 9 hundred parts per million of PCBs? 10 A. Yes, because I have nothing that tells 11 me it is going to hurt her. 12 Q. Now, sir, even if PCBs weren't 13 considered an environmental contaminant, 14 you would agree with me, wouldn't you, 15 that it wasn't prudent or responsible 16 for Monsanto to discharge PCBs or any 17 other materials straight into the 18 environment? 19 A. I'd like to make a clarification or a 20 distinction between the deliberate 21 introduction into the environment of a 22 stream resulting from a process as 23 compared to the occasional incident that 1772 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068383 1 occurs due to a repair or maintenance 2 problem or a leak that was not 3 anticipated and was corrected. There is 4 a difference between the occasional 5 introduction and the deliberate 6 continual introduction. 7 Q. Okay. We are going to mark as an Exhibit, Number Thirty-five to your 9 deposition pages of testimony that you 10 gave in a case called Commonwealth of 11 Kentucky versus Rockwell International 12 Corporation and apparently several other 13 cases consolidated with that case on 14 September 23rd, 1993. 15 I'm referring specifically to the 16 question and answer at the bottom of 17 page fifty-nine and the top of page 18 sixty. Or I will be referring to that 19 in a minute. 20 A. Okay. I've read it. 21 Q. The question reads: "(By 22 Mr. Cunningham) I guess I'm curious as 23 to why you would have bothered putting 1773 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068384 1 that stuff out in the lagoon, why you 2 wouldn't just let it get out into a 3 drainage ditch and go out to the creek 4 or whatever. Was it your perspective 5 that good engineering practices in the 6 '60s would have mandated that a waste 7 stream that potentially would have 8 contained PCBs should have been 9 segregated in the manner that you have 10 described that you all did in that 11 facility, at a minimum?" 12 The answer: "At a minimum, it is 13 just not prudent to discharge knowingly 14 any kind of industrial chemical, whether 15 it be PCBs or any other material, and 16 the sediment that collected in that pond 17 was just the type thing you wouldn't 18 want to discharge out into the 19 environment. It just wasn't a practice 20 that was considered to be responsible. 21 That's all." 22 Do you remember giving that 23 testimony? 1774 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068385 1 A. Yes. This is another way of describing 2 what I just described to you earlier, 3 the deliberate disposal continuously, 4 openly, as compared to the leak caused 5 by a mishap of some sort. 6 Q. Mr. Papageorge, we are going to hand you 7 Exhibit Thirty-nine in a second. For identification purposes, this is a 9 document bearing Bate stamp number - 10 It's two sets. I'll give you one set. 11 The first set is -- The second set is 12 FGL 0011379 through FGL 0011402. Okay? 13 A. I have it. 14 Q. Okay. This appears to be a rough draft, 15 11-10-69, of an outline for the PCB 16 environmental pollution abatement plan, 17 correct? 18 A. Correct. 19 Q. Do you know who drafted this? 20 A. There were several authors putting 21 together portions. 22 Q. Can you tell me who put together what? 23 A. I don't know that I can do it quite that 1775 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068386 1 precisely. I know that Mr. Elmer 2 Wheeler was involved and Dr. Richard. 3 Q. Doctor -- 4 A. W. R. Richard. 5 Q. What was Dr. Richard's title? 6 A. He was director of research for the 7 functional products group. 8 Q. Okay. Anybody else? 9 A. And Dr. Farrar, who was Dr. Richard's 10 counterpart in the plasticizer group, 11 and Mr. Hodges, Paul Hodges. 12 Q. Okay. Have you ever seen this document 13 before ? 14 A. Yes, I have. 15 Q. Can you turn to page FGL 011387, please? 16 A. I have it. 17 Q. Section A there is called "Legal 18 Liability." Do you see that? 19 A. I see it. 20 Q. It says, "Direct lawsuits are possible. 21 The materials are already present in 22 nature, having done their alleged 23 damage." Do you know what the alleged 1776 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068387 1 damage being referred to here is? 2 A. There were several allegations made 3 regarding the kinds of things that PCBs 4 could do in the environment. They were 5 all at that point in time unconfirmed. 6 This is why the expression "alleged 7 damages" in this document appears in 8 quotation marks. 9 They referred to effects on the 10 reproduction of wild birds in 11 particular. The other allegations were 12 suspected ailments, similar to the kinds 13 of things the DDTs were being accused of 14 at that time. 15 Q. What kinds of things were those? 16 A. Presence in wild creatures and the 17 possible effects on their ability to 18 reproduce properly. That's the primary 19 one. 20 MR. PRATER: The next question was 21 "QUESTION: Okay. Any other 22 allegations ? 23 "ANSWER: I can't think of 1777 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068388 1 any right now. 2 "QUESTION: Were those 3 allegations subsequently 4 borne out? 5 "ANSWER: No. 6 "QUESTION: When you say no, 7 do you mean that PCBs were not shown to have effects on 9 reproduction of wild birds 10 or other creatures? 11 "ANSWER: The allegations 12 that it affected wild bird 13 reproduction were later 14 attributed by the leaders of 15 the study groups that 16 published these reports, 17 were attributed to DDTs and 18 its degradation product, 19 DDD. 20 (Video resumed.) 21 Q. Okay. At some point in time were PCBs 22 linked -- or PCBs shown, rather, to in 23 fact have reproductive effects on 1778 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068389 1 certain animals? 2 A. Yes. 3 Q. Okay. Which ones? 4 A. There was the study sponsored by 5 Monsanto which demonstrated that some of 6 the PCBs had an effect on the 7 reproduction ability of chickens. 8 Q. And what do you mean by it had an effect 9 on the reproductivity of chickens? 10 A. The eggs would not hatch. I have 11 forgotten the levels of PCB in the diet. 12 But there was a level before the effect 13 was noted. 14 Q. Okay. Other than the chickens, any 15 other animals or species that you recall 16 were shown -- that PCBs were shown to 17 have an effect, reproductive or 18 otherwise? 19 A. Off Pensacola, there is an island, a 20 laboratory in which they conducted a 21 study and determined that low levels of 22 PCBs affected newly hatched shrimp, 23 juvenile shrimp, the very young. 1779 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068390 1 Q. When you say affected, what do you mean 2 by affected? 3 A. Killed them. 4 Q. What levels of PCBs? 5 A. I don't remember the number. It is a 6 very low level. 7 Q. Okay. If you look at that paragraph we were just looking at, the next sentence 9 says, "All customers using the products 10 have not been officially notified about 11 known effects, nor do our labels carry 12 this information." 13 Is it accurate to say that as of 14 November 1969 Monsanto's customers had 15 not been notified about the known 16 effects of PCBs? 17 A. In '69, no, because those effects were 18 recent news. 19 Q. So it is accurate to say that? 20 A. Yes. 21 Q. I'm going to hand you two documents 22 together as the next exhibit and mark 23 them together as Exhibit Forty-one. 1780 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068391 1 They are -- The first document -- It is 2 two pages. The first document bears 3 Bate's number DSW 013810. It appears to 4 be handwritten notes. And the second 5 document is page three of another 6 document. I don't have the first couple 7 of pages here with me. It is page three 8 of a document that is signed by 9 Mr. Landwehr, bearing Bate's number DSW 10 013776. 11 I was actually referring to the 12 first part, which states, "Clean up Snow 13 Creek." On the handwritten part it 14 states, "Clean up Snow Creek, PCB 15 removal from any specified area from our 16 fence to Choccolocco." And then it 17 says, "1971, avoid if possible, but 18 prepare for action." 19 And when you compare that to the 20 text under item 4(c) on page DSW 013776, 21 that states, "Clean up Snow Creek and 22 area monitoring, PCB removal from any 23 area from our fence to Choccolocco, 1781 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068392 1 2 3 4 5 6 7A 8Q 9A 10 Q 11 A 12 13 Q 14 15 16 A 17 Q 18 19 20 A 21 Q 22 A 23 avoid if possible, but be prepared for action." That is the part I'm referring to. Okay. Is it true, sir, that in 1971 Monsanto wanted to avoid cleaning up Snow Creek if at all possible? Not Monsanto, no. Well, Mr. Landwehr? Somebody. Somebody at Monsanto? Handwrote that thought on this first page. And that thought is actually also expressed on the second page that is signed by Mr. Landwehr, is it not? That is true. And that brings us to Papageorge Exhibit Number Forty-three. Do you know what this document is? Yes. What is it? This is a copy of a special undertaking between General Electric and Monsanto 1782 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068393 1 regarding the continued supply of 2 polychlorinated biphenyls to General 3 Electric Company. 4 Q. This is a hold harmless agreement? 5 A. That is an expression that is used to 6 describe it, yes. 7 Q. Do you know when Monsanto first requested that its customers sign a hold 9 harmless agreement in connection with 10 their purchase of PCBs? 11 A. It started in December of 1971, when 12 they were first approached. 13 Q. Did Monsanto begin asking its customers 14 to sign hold harmless agreements because 15 it was concerned about being held liable 16 for PCB-related injuries? 17 A. Well, that was one of the concerns, but 18 there were other concerns that were 19 deemed much more important. 20 I hand you what will be marked as 21 Papageorge Forty-four for 22 identification. It's a document bearing 23 Bate's number DSW 014379 through DSW 1783 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068394 1 014382, which is a three-page document 2 with a cover memo, a document written by 3 Mr. D. B. Hosmer, H-o-s-m-e-r, and 4 numerous recipients, including 5 Mr. Papageorge. 6 Okay. Now, subparagraph one on 7 that page - A. I see it. 9 Q. -- states that Mr. White had recommended 10 that a suit be initiated against the 11 Anniston plant for PCB emissions under 12 the Federal Refuse Act, correct? 13 A. That's what it states, yes. 14 MR. PRATER: The next question 15 was: "And had emissions been 16 detected at the Anniston 17 plant that were in fact in 18 violation of the Federal 19 Refuse Act? 20 "ANSWER: Not to my 21 knowledge. 22 (Video resumed.) 23 Q. Well, did Mr. White represent that 1784 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068395 1 emissions had been detected from the 2 Anniston plant that were in violation of 3 the Federal Refuse Act? 4 A. Yes, he did represent that. 5 Q. In the paragraph that is paragraph one 6 on that page - 7 A. Yes. 8 Q. It says, "As a result of the meeting the 9 following agreements were reached: One, 10 Mr. Crockett and Mr. White will agree 11 upon an interim permissible level for 12 PCB emissions to be provided in the 13 Refuse Act permit. Obviously, 14 Mr. Crockett will press for a number in 15 excess of our zero point three pounds 16 per day current level." Do you see 17 that? 18 A. I do. 19 Q. How did Monsanto know that Mr. Crockett 20 was going to press for an emission limit 21 above Monsanto's then existing emissions 22 limit? 23 A. Since I wasn't there, sir, I don't know 1785 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068396 1 personally. 2 Q. The subparagraph three on that page 3 states, "A summary report outlining our 4 past work and future plans will be 5 written and sent to the EPA office via 6 Mr. Crockett's office." Do you see 7 that? A. I do. 9 Q. Do you know if such a summary was ever 10 sent? 11 A. I know a summary was sent to 12 Mr. Crockett's office. 13 Q. Do you know why it was sent to 14 Mr. Crockett's office before going to 15 the EPA? Why wasn't it sent directly? 16 Well, we got the impression that 17 Mr. Crockett was representing the PCB 18 activity in the state, and he's the one 19 that had the contact with EPA. And we 20 felt that we would continue that 21 procedure of working through 22 Mr. Crockett's office. 23 Two-page document bearing Bate's 1786 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068397 number DSW 018254 and DSW 018255. It is a letter from Mr. Papageorge to Mr. D. E. Cavenaugh dated July 6, 1970. Do you recognize this document, sir? A. I do, yes. Q. Do you remember writing it? A. Yes. Q. If the firstparagraph it states, "Last month when Randy Graham and I visited your plant to discuss the PCB problem, we did not intend to cause undue alarm or create any panic concerning the use and handling of polychlorinated biphenyls." Did you have a sense from Mr. Cavenaugh that you had in fact caused undue alarm or created panic concerning the use and handling of PCBs? A. I don't recall if it was Mr. Cavenaugh, but somebody in his organization expressed this concern. Q. In the second paragraph you state that 1787 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068398 1 Aroclors do affect some species of birds 2 and marine life. Do you see that? 3 A. Yes. 4 Q. Was that information ever conveyed by 5 Monsanto to the residents of Anniston, 6 Alabama? 7 No. 8 Q. On page two of the letter, in the second 9 paragraph, you state that unusable 10 Aroclors should be disposed of by 11 incineration. Do you see that? 12 A. Yes. 13 Q. Is incineration the most effective 14 method of disposing of PCBs? 15 A. Under the proper conditions, yes. 16 Q. In that same paragraph you caution that 17 improper incineration of PCBs can result 18 in the production of highly toxic 19 materials. What types of highly toxic 20 materials can be produced by the 21 improper incineration of PCBs? 22 A. Well, as I understood it, there are many 23 chemicals that could be formed when you 1788 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068399 1 have of course carbon, hydrogen, 2 chlorine, and oxygen. And depending of 3 course on the rates of destruction and 4 the amount of oxygen present and the 5 temperatures, one could get a real 6 mixture of chemicals. 7 Q. Are you talking about chemicals such as furans ? 9 A. That is an example, yes. 10 Q. And dioxins? 11 A. Dioxins, yes. 12 Q. Now, you also indicate in this letter it 13 is also important that contamination of 14 the atmosphere be eliminated, correct? 15 A. Certainly. 16 Q. This is Bate's numbers NEV 003895 17 through 003896, a two-page document, a 18 letter, from Mr. Papageorge to 19 Mr. Viland, V-i-l-a-n-d, dated October 20 1st, 1970, with CCs to -- with BCs to 21 Mr. Benignus and Mr. Graham. 22 Do you recognize this? 23 A. I do, yes, sir. 1789 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068400 1 Q. Do you remember writing it? 2 A. Yes, sir. 3 Q. At the bottom of the first page and on 4 to the top of the second page, you 5 discuss a study that was undertaken by 6 Monsanto of soil in which PCBs were 7 deposited approximately thirty years earlier. Actually, it is thirty-two 9 years earlier, correct? 10 A. Yes. 11 Q. The results show on page two -- the 12 results shown on page two indicate that 13 after thirty years the Aroclor 1242 was 14 still present in the soil, correct? 15 A. Correct. 16 Q. Let me give you what will be marked as 17 Papageorge Fifty for identification. 18 For identification purposes, this 19 is a memo or a letter from D. B. Hosmer 20 to Mr. Papageorge, dated August 11th, 21 1971, with a cc to Mr. John. Have you 22 had a chance to look at that? 23 A. I have. 1790 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068401 1 Q. Do you recognize this document? 2 A. I do. 3 Q. Do you recall receiving it? 4 A. Yes. 5 Q. Have you reviewed it any time in the 6 recent past? 7 A. No. 8 Q. In the first paragraph, Mr. Hosmer 9 states that he was contacted by a John 10 Piccorello of Science Magazine 11 concerning PCBs? 12 A. Yes. 13 Q. And that Piccorello had asked about the 14 incident at East Coast Terminals. 15 What was the incident at the East 16 Coast Terminals that was being referred 17 to here? 18 East Coast Terminals is a facility 19 located in North Carolina, as I 20 remember, which received fish meal. 21 Q. I'm sorry. Received what? 22 A. Fish meal from Peru and introduced it 23 into a heat treating system to 1791 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068402 1 pasteurize it. The system was heated 2 with PCB type fluid. 3 The material, as it was processed, 4 was conveyed by screw conveyers in 5 troughs that were jacketed. And between 6 the trough and the outer jacket the 7 heated PCB fluid would circulate. And the material as it traversed through 9 this system would be heated long enough 10 to pasteurize out the other end. 11 A leak developed between the outer 12 jacket and the trough, and PCBs were 13 introduced into the fish meal. The 14 operators of the unit continued to 15 operate. The fish meal of course 16 contained PCBs now. It was eventually 17 sold to poultry feed formulators, and in 18 turn the poultry feed was sold to the 19 poultry operators, and it got into the 20 poultry. That is in general the 21 situation that occurred. 22 Q. What happened to the poultry? 23 A. There were several symptoms noted. For 1792 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068403 1 one, the eggs wouldn't hatch. Another 2 was the -- as I recall, that the 3 chickens showed symptoms of illnesses, 4 like water accumulation. I believe it's 5 called edema by medical people. 6 Q. Swelling? 7 A. Swelling, because of water retention. In fact, I believe some of the poultry 9 actually died. That's what happened to 10 the poultry. 11 Q. Do you know how many died? 12 A. I don't recall anymore. 13 Q. Okay. In the second paragraph of this 14 memo - 15 A. . 16 Q. It states as follows: "Finally, 17 Mr. Piccorello brought up the testimony 18 about PCBs in Washington. He said he 19 understood that fish in a river in 20 Alabama contained a great deal more PCBs 21 than was permitted and our plant 22 discharged to this river. Three hundred 23 parts per million were quoted." Do you 1793 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068404 1 see that? 2 A. I do. 3 Q. Do you know what river in Alabama was 4 being referred to here? 5 A. Right or wrong, I assume he was 6 referring to the Coosa River. 7 Q. Okay. And Hosmer states, "I said the stream was a creek, not a river. And 9 there were many other discharges to it 10 and doubted if I would want to wade in 11 the creek for many reasons." 12 Is the Coosa River a creek? 13 A. Not in my understanding. 14 Q. What difference, if any, does it make if 15 the body of water being referred to as 16 being contaminated by PCBs was a creek 17 or a river? 18 A. It doesn't. 19 Q. It doesn't make any difference? 20 A. In my way of thinking, there could be 21 differences. Not all creeks are capable 22 of supporting fish, for example; whereas 23 a river is more capable of supporting 1794 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068405 1 several species. So when they are 2 talking here about contaminated fish, I 3 tend to think of a river as 4 distinguished from a creek. That 5 doesn't make it right, but that is the 6 way it struck me. 7 Q. Okay. He refers to the fact that there were many other discharges to this - 9 what he calls a creek. Do you know what 10 other discharges he is talking about? 11 A. I believe I do, yes. 12 Q. What are they? 13 A. In the area in which the Anniston plant 14 -- Monsanto's plant is located, it is an 15 industrial area and had several 16 foundries, for example, that spewed all 17 kinds of materials, guench waters, 18 acids, fires blazing with fumes going 19 out in the atmosphere. It was guite a 20 site at night at that time, a lot of 21 industrial activity. So I can 22 understand why Mr. Hosmer, who 23 incidentally used to be a plant manager 1795 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068406 1 at Anniston, was aware of the conditions 2 in that industrial area. 3 Okay. And Mr. Hosmer indicated that he 4 doubted if he would want to wade in the 5 creek for many reasons, correct? 6 A. Yes, he did. 7 Q. And is that because the creek was so contaminated that he believed it was 9 dangerous? 10 I can't speak for Mr. Hosmer, but it was 11 an industrial area with many materials 12 present in that neighborhood. 13 Q. Did you ever ask -- Did you ever discuss 14 the contents of this letter with 15 Mr. Hosmer? 16 A. Yes, I did. I don't remember the 17 specifics any longer. 18 Q. Do you remember whether or not you 19 discussed that specific statement about 20 doubting whether he would want to wade 21 in the creek? 22 A. He said, "Oh, man, there is all this 23 stuff in there, Bill. It would chew the 1796 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068407 1 skin off of my legs," that kind of talk. 2 Q. I hand you what will be marked for 3 identification as Papageorge Fifty-one. 4 I hand you for identification what 5 will be marked as Papageorge Fifty-one. 6 And for identification purposes, this is 7 a letter dated August 15th, 1971, with two pages of attachments. The 9 designation -- the Bate's designation on 10 the letter -- Here we go. The 11 designation is MONS 0N899 -- 089995 12 through 089999. And I'd ask you to take 13 a look at that, please, sir, if you 14 could. 15 A. I have scanned the exhibit. 16 Q. Thank you. Do you recognize this 17 letter? 18 A. I do. 19 Q. Dr. Suttkus indicates that fish exposed 20 to PCBs did not show a decrease in PCBs 21 in their system, is that correct, 22 compared with the controls? 23 A. At the very bottom of the first page? 1797 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068408 1 Q. Yes. The part that states, "This 2 comparison shows that the fishes in the 3 experimental area do not show a 4 corresponding decrease in PCB residue 5 levels, as Aroclor 1254, compared with 6 the controls. There is a seventeen 7 percent difference." Do you see that? A. Yes. 9 Q. On page two of the letter, in the middle 10 section, Dr. Suttkus refers to a second 11 test in which fish exposed to PCBs 12 similarly did not show a reduction in 13 their PCB levels compared to the 14 controls. Is that correct? 15 A. Yes. The word "similar" is your word. 16 I was looking for it in the text. 17 Q. Okay. 18 A. That's correct. 19 Q. In fact, it indicates and states 20 specifically, "However, the results are 21 not good since both analyses show us 22 that Aroclor 1254 residues have not 23 reduced as we had hoped they would," 1798 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068409 1 correct? 2 A. That's what it states, yes. 3 Q. It then goes on to refer to analysis 4 three, correct? 5 A. It does. 6 Q. Okay. And the final sentence in that 7 section states, "At this point we would have to say that the data are 9 detrimental to Monsanto," correct? 10 A. It does say that, yes. 11 Q. Okay. On the last page of this letter 12 it indicates that the fish in the 13 Anniston area not only had high levels 14 of PCBs but also were deformed, sick, 15 and listless, correct, referring to 16 the - 17 A. I do see it, yes. 18 Q. In the first paragraph? 19 A. That is correct. 20 Q. Specifically it states, "Of course 21 visual observations won't tell us what 22 caused these fishes to become deformed 23 or sick, but we must consider the total 1799 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068410 observations as a crude indication that something is indeed wrong in these areas," correct? A. Yes. Q. Okay. In that same paragraph -- Well, hold on. In that same paragraph, he states -- Dr. Suttkus states, "Certainly you would not want to give the discharge figures" -- Well, he doesn't say -- "you would not want to give the figures in a news release," correct? A. It does say that, yes. MR. PRATER: The next question was: "Were the discharge figures, the discharge levels that he is referring to, ever released publically in a news release? "ANSWER: I think the local newspaper had reference to them, but I don't recall the specifics anymore. THE FELL: Take a break? We are 1800 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068411 1 going on to a different day. 2 THE COURT: How much longer? 3 MR. FELL: I would hope not longer 4 than forty-five minutes. 5 THE COURT: Let's keep going. 6 (Video resumed.) {} {} 7 MR. ATKIN: Okay. Let us mark for identification purposes as 9 Benignus Fifty-three -- I'm 10 sorry -- as Papageorge 11 Fifty-three a February 2nd, 12 1972, letter from 13 Mr. Papageorge to 14 Dr. Posefsky and Mr. Raab of 15 General Electric Company. 16 Q. Okay. Is it your opinion that allowing 17 PCBs to escape into the environment in 18 1972 constituted a violation of the 19 proper standard of care in the chemical 20 production industry? 21 A. That is dependent, sir, on the 22 accidental versus deliberate type of 23 allowing and also is dependent on the 1801 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068412 1 amount that is involved. 2 Q. Okay. Let's look at question six, if we 3 could, which asks, "Does PCB cause birth 4 defects?" And the answer is, "Again, 5 some studies have shown it can be 6 detrimental to the reproductive cycles 7 of certain species of wildlife," correct? 9 A. That's what it says, yes, sir. 10 Q. And you authored that? 11 A. Yes. 12 Q. Did Monsanto ever undertake any studies 13 to determine whether PCBs can cause 14 reproductive disorders in humans? 15 A. In humans? 16 Q. Yes. 17 A. No, sir. 18 MR. PRATER: The next question, 19 Your Honor, "Why not?" 20 "There was nothing 21 known to anybody, not only 22 Monsanto, to indicate a need 23 for such a study. 1802 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068413 1 (Video resumed.) 2 Q. If you could take a look at question 3 eight, it states, question, "How can PCB 4 be disposed of?" And the answer 5 discusses, "Under high temperature, 6 controlled incineration, PCB break down 7 into hydrochloric acid, carbon dioxide, and water." 9 This answer doesn't mention 10 landfilling at all, does it? 11 A. It does not. 12 Q. Let us mark as Exhibit Fifty-five for 13 the Papageorge deposition a May 4th, 14 1973, letter from Mr. Papageorge to 15 Ms. Mary A. Appelhof, A-p-p-e-l-h-o-f, 16 of the Environmental Health Committee in 17 South Central Michigan Health Planning 18 Council, bearing Bate's number MONS 19 091681 through 091682. 20 Q. I'd ask you to take a look at that, sir, 21 if you could. 22 A. I have read the exhibit. 23 Q. Okay. Let me ask you first, have you 1803 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068414 1 seen this letter before? 2 A. Certainly. I wrote it. 3 Q. When did you last see the letter? 4 A. About the date of the letter. 5 Q. Okay. Fine. Do you recognize the 6 letter? 7 A. I do. 8 Q. Do you recall writing it? 9 A. Yes. 10 Q. Do you know why Ms. Appelhof was writing 11 to Monsanto? 12 A. Not really. 13 Q. Okay. Do you know who at Monsanto she 14 wrote to, she addressed her inquiry to? 15 A. As best I recall, it was addressed to 16 some broad title, such as Chief 17 Operating Officer of Monsanto Company or 18 something. It was not addressed to a 19 specific person. 20 Q. Okay. And who referred the letter over 21 to you? 22 A. I don't recall the individual. It was a 23 marketing representative at Monsanto 1804 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068415 1 involved with PCBs, but I don't recall 2 the specific person. 3 Q. Do you know why the letter was referred 4 to you? 5 A. Well, I was involved with the issue. 6 Why that particular individual brought 7 it to me, I don't know. 8 Q. Okay. Fair enough. 9 Do you recall generally what type 10 of information Ms. Appelhof was looking 11 for from Monsanto? 12 A. Generally she was interested in learning 13 more about PCBs. I don't know how else 14 to put it. She had heard of PCBs and 15 didn't quite understand everything she 16 had heard and was trying to get up to 17 date. 18 Q. Okay. In the second paragraph of the 19 letter you state, "With increasing 20 evidence that polychlorinated biphenyls 21 were being identified as environmental 22 contaminants and that some mammals, 23 birds, and marine life were being 1805 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068416 1 affected" -- Which mammals, birds, and 2 marine life were being affected, as to 3 the time you wrote this letter, on May 4 4th, 1973? 5 A. Well, Monsanto studies themselves by '73 6 reported that some of the PCBs at high 7 levels fed to test animals did result in some effects. And I'm talking here now 9 about the white rat studies. 10 Q. The ones that were done by IBT? 11 A. Yes. And then there were some studies 12 done with -- Again, IBT did some studies 13 with poultry, chickens. And those 14 studies indicated that some of the PCBs 15 would result in eggs that wouldn't 16 hatch. 17 The marine life reflected such 18 studies as were conducted in Gulf 19 Breeze, Florida, by the Federal 20 Commercial Fisheries Laboratory and 21 established that juvenile shrimp 22 represented a very sensitive species. 23 It's that kind of information. 1806 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068417 1 Q. Now, in the last sentence of that 2 paragraph, you state, "It is our 3 considered opinion that as long as the 4 polychlorinated biphenyl waste is not 5 exposed to water and thereby 6 transported, adverse effects to the 7 environment will be essentially eliminated." Do you see that? 9 A. I do. 10 Q. What adverse effects to the 11 environment were you referring to could 12 be prevented by preventing PCB waste 13 from coming in contact with water? 14 A. Well, it's the -- An example is this 15 juvenile shrimp injury or harm that we 16 just talked about. That's just one 17 example. 18 And at that time, since the 19 chickens were affected by some PCBs, in 20 terms of egg hatching, the idea was 21 extended to say this could possibly 22 apply to wild birds, so let's avoid that 23 exposure. 1807 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068418 1 MR. PRATER: The next question 2 was: "Okay. Now, if PCB 3 waste is exposed to water and 4 transported, then adverse 5 effects to the environment 6 can be expected to occur? 7 "ANSWER: No. All I say with that 8 is it's relocated. It 9 doesn't necessarily mean that 10 the end result is any 11 different than before the 12 relocation. 13 Q. Let's mark for identification as 14 Papageorge Fifty-six a March 18th, 1975, 15 letter from Mr. Papageorge to Mr. Dan A. 16 Albert, Staff Supervisor, Personal 17 Relations of the Westinghouse Electric 18 Corporation. It appears to be an 19 eight-page letter bearing Bate's number 20 GBRN 001641 through GBRN 001648. 21 A. I've scanned the exhibit. 22 Q. Mr. Papageorge, under the first page -- 23 on the first page of the attachment, 1808 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068419 1 under question one, the question states, 2 "Does Inerteen have permanent effects on 3 the human body? If so, what type of 4 permanent damage and how long a period 5 of time does it take for this to 6 develop; if not, explain why, if 7 possible." And these are responses that you 9 are giving to questions that were 10 written to you by Mr. Albert of 11 Westinghouse; is that right? 12 A. Yes. 13 Q. Okay. Now, the answer that you give - 14 And by the way, did you draft the 15 answers to these questions? 16 A. No. 17 Q. Who did? 18 A. Mr. Elmer Wheeler. 19 Q. Okay. If Mr. Wheeler drafted the 20 answers to the question, then why were 21 you addressing the response to 22 Mr. Albert? 23 A. Well, Mr. Albert had contacted me via a 1809 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068420 1 letter with a list of questions. And 2 since they were medically-oriented type 3 of questions, I asked Mr. Wheeler, who 4 was a member of Monsanto's medical 5 department, if he would draft the 6 responses. And Mr. Wheeler did that and 7 sent them to my office, and I forwarded them to Mr. Albert. 9 Q. Okay. The answer to that first question 10 states at the beginning, "The 11 polychlorinated biphenyls in Inerteen 12 can have permanent effects on the human 13 body." 14 What was Inerteen, by the way? 15 A. Inerteen is a Westinghouse trademark 16 used with products that are liquids that 17 are used in Westinghouse electrical 18 equipment. 19 Q. Okay. Now, when it states here that the 20 polychlorinated biphenyls in Inerteen 21 can have permanent effects on the human 22 body, what kind of permanent health 23 effects was Mr. Wheeler referring to? 1810 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068421 1 To your knowledge. 2 A. Well, he was referring to -- Excuse me. 3 I hesitate because I'm trying to define 4 the word "permanent" in a way that's 5 understood by both of us. 6 Continued exposure can in a way 7 result in this chloracne that is described in a person. And as far as 9 that person is concerned, it's 10 permanent. That's an example of a 11 permanent effect, health effect. I 12 don't know how else to describe it. 13 The enlarged liver is another 14 effect that could be included under the 15 definition of a permanent effect. 16 Okay. Now, in the middle of that page, 17 in the paragraph beginning "The 18 potential toxic effects," it says - 19 A. I haven't found it yet. 20 Q. I'm sorry. In the -- I'm sorry -- the 21 one, two, three, four -- the fifth 22 paragraph of the answer. 23 Oh, okay. And what was your question, 1811 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068422 1 sir? 2 Q. It refers to the fact that chloracne may 3 be an external symptom of overexposure 4 preceding serious liver injury. I just 5 wanted to ask you if you know what -- is 6 it Mr. Wheeler or Dr. Wheeler? 7 A. Mister. 8 Q. -- what Mr. Wheeler meant when he was 9 referring to serious liver injury? 10 A. Well, it does refer to increased liver 11 weights. 12 Q. Okay. Anything else that you're aware 13 of other than increased liver weight 14 when he's referring to serious liver 15 injury? 16 A. No. You mean other than what we are 17 discussing here? 18 Q. Yeah. 19 A. Well, I understand that continued high 20 exposures can result in that liver being 21 damaged to the point where it cannot 22 recover. 23 Q. Did Monsanto -- I'm sorry. Did Monsanto 1812 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068423 1 ever tell the residents of Anniston, 2 Alabama, that PCBs can cause serious 3 liver injuries in humans? 4 A. No more than your service station would 5 tell the neighborhood about the used 6 motor oils that can cause these very 7 things. MR. ATKIN: Okay. That's all I 9 have on that document. 10 Let us mark -- Let us 11 mark for identification as 12 Papageorge Fifty-seven a 13 March 25th, 1969, letter from 14 Mr. Eugene C. Wright, 15 Pollution Control Engineer of 16 Monsanto, to W. A. Kuhn, 17 K-u-h-n, and several 18 recipients, including 19 Mr. Papageorge, bearing 20 Bate's number MONS 097308. 21 Q. Okay. In the middle of the second 22 paragraph it says, "In each of these 23 reports there is mention of the fact 1813 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068424 1 that there are no fish or other aquatic 2 life in Snow Creek. 3 When did Monsanto first learn that 4 there was no fish or aquatic life in 5 Snow Creek? 6 A. I don't know that I could speak for 7 Monsanto. I can only speak for myself. 8 Q. Okay. When did you first learn of that? 9 A. I was first exposed to Snow Creek in 10 1965. And from that point on -- My 11 personal observation and discussions 12 with plant people, we were all under the 13 definite impression that it was 14 lifeless. 15 Q. Did Monsanto ever tell the residents of 16 Anniston that it knew that there was no 17 fish or aquatic life in Snow Creek? 18 MR. PRATER: The answer was: "That 19 would be an irrational -- No, 20 because there was a lot of 21 industry around there, not 22 just Monsanto's plant. 23 (Video resumed.) 1814 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068425 1 Q. The answer is no? 2 A. That is right. 3 Q. Okay. The next sentence says, "Snow 4 Creek receives all of the waste water 5 and sewered acid from our Aroclor 6 process." 7 Do you know when Snow Creek first began receiving all of the waste water 9 from Monsanto's Anniston plant? 10 A. No. When I arrived, that was the 11 practice. I have no way of knowing when 12 it really started. 13 Okay. The next sentence says, "Although 14 there are many other factors which could 15 adversely affect Snow Creek, the fact 16 that we dump into Snow Creek should 17 certainly be of great interest to us." 18 As this memo reflects, Monsanto 19 was dumping PCBs into Snow Creek; isn't 20 that right? 21 A. No, sir, it doesn't say that. And you 22 left out a parenthetical expression 23 there referring to organic dyes and 1815 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068426 1 foundry waste and so on that contribute 2 to the conditions of that creek. 3 Q. But my question is, sir, regardless of 4 whatever else might have been dumped 5 into the creek, this memo reflects that 6 Monsanto -- Mr. Wright, Pollution 7 Control Engineer, his recognition that Monsanto was dumping into Snow Creek; 9 isn't that right? 10 A. I would suggest, sir, that Monsanto was 11 discharging a water stream that had gone 12 through a collection pit and a limestone 13 bed that deacidified that waste water 14 before it was discharged into a -- I'm 15 going to call it a local ditch that 16 eventually ended up in Snow Creek. 17 Q. Okay. Is it fair to say, sir, that you 18 disagree with Mr. Wright's 19 characterization and use of the word 20 "dumping"? 21 A. I'm having a hard time finding that 22 word, sir. Can you help me? 23 Q. Sure. As I just read previously, the 1816 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068427 sentence, "Although there are many other factors which could adversely affect Snow Creek" -- and then there is the parenthetical that you referred to - "the fact that we dump into Snow Creek should certainly be of great interest to us . " A. Yeah. I personally would not use the word "dump." I would use the word "discharge." MR. PRATER: The next question was: "Let me ask you this, sir: Was the fact that Monsanto was dumping -- to use Mr. Wright's language, characterization -- into Snow Creek, was that of interest to Monsanto? "ANSWER: Well, it certainly is of interest in that they had to dispose of this water, and it had to go somewhere. So naturally they are interested 1817 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068428 1 in the method of discharge, 2 which included that waterway. 3 So there was interest in 4 that. Of course, the fact 5 that Monsanto installed the 6 limestone neutralization 7 catch basin reflects the 8 interest in avoiding any 9 undesirable contaminants 10 being in that water that 11 finds its way to Snow Creek." 12 (Video resumed.) 13 Q. Okay. Did Monsanto ever tell the 14 residents of Anniston, Alabama, that it 15 was dumping PCBs into Snow Creek? 16 A. I don't know that Monsanto even knew it 17 was dumping PCBs. It was discharging a 18 treated waste water. 19 Q. Did Monsanto ever tell the residents of 20 Anniston that it was discharging PCBs 21 into Snow Creek? 22 Do you think they had a right to 23 know that information, that Monsanto was 1818 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068429 1 discharging PCBs into Snow Creek? 2 A. If there is no harm in that, it's no 3 different than telling them we are 4 discharging dirty laundry water. 5 Do you think Monsanto should have told 6 the residents of Anniston, Alabama, that 7 it was discharging PCBs into Snow Creek? MR. PRATER: The answer was: 9 "ANSWER: There was no reason 10 to, therefore 11 And the next question 12 was: "The answer is no. 13 (Video resumed.) 14 Q. That brings us to the next document for 15 identification, which I believe is 16 Papageorge Fifty-eight, which is a 17 four-page document. It's a memorandum 18 written by Mr. Papageorge to -- I'm 19 sorry -- written by Mr. Keller to 20 Mr. Papageorge, dated April 17th, 1970, 21 with a number of other recipients. And 22 the memo is dated personal and 23 confidential. I'd ask you to mark this. 1819 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068430 1 Now, the types of samples taken by 2 Monsanto included samples from water, 3 sediment, air, fish, human fat, and 4 milk, correct? 5 A. You used the expression "taken by 6 Monsanto." These samples were taken by 7 others and sent to Monsanto's laboratory. 9 Q. 10 A. For analysis. For analysis. 11 Q. Thank you for clarifying that. 12 But those samples included water, 13 sediment, air, fish, human fat, and 14 milk? 15 A. Yes. 16 Q. And in fact, PCBs were detected in 17 water, sediment, air, fish, human fat, 18 and milk, correct? 19 A. It is correct generally, but not in 20 every sample. 21 Q. Okay. Did Monsanto ever tell the 22 residents of Anniston, Alabama, that 23 PCBs had been found in water samples 1820 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068431 from Snow Creek and Choccolocco Creek? A. No. Q. How about sediment samples? A. No. Q. How about the air? A. No. Q. How about fish? A. No. Q. How about human fat? And howabout milk? MR. ATKIN: Okay. That's all I have on that document. Q. Let us mark foridentification as Papageorge Sixty a one-page memorandum from Mr. Wheeler to D. S. Cameron, C-a-m-e-r-o-n, Brussels, dated January 29th, 1970, regarding status of Aroclor toxicological studies. Now, according to this memorandum, the paragraph states, "Our interpretation is that PCBs are exhibiting a greater degree of toxicity in this chronic study than we had 1821 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068432 1 anticipated." 2 What were the results of the 3 studies that showed a greater degree of 4 toxicity than had been anticipated? 5 A. It has to do with the observed results 6 on the livers of the test animals at the 7 high levels of exposure and for the higher chlorinated types of PCBs. 9 Q. The higher chlorinated, referring to 10 1254 and 1260? 11 A. 1260, yes, sir. 12 Q. What results had been anticipated? 13 A. Well, up to this point there was nothing 14 to indicate that PCBs would have any 15 results, and we expected the test 16 animals to reflect that belief. And it 17 didn't do so. 18 Q. The next sentence in that paragraph 19 states, "Secondly, although there are 20 variations, depending on species of 21 animals, the PCBs are about the same as 22 DDT in mammals." Do you know what 23 Mr. Wheeler meant by that? 1822 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068433 A. No, I don't. Q. The next paragraph states, "We have additional interim data which will perhaps be more discouraging." Do you know what data Mr. Wheeler was referring to in that sentence? A. He was referring to the results in the chicken studies. MR. STEWART: Are we at a good breaking point now? MR. FELL: Yes. THE COURT: We will go ahead and take about a ten -- try to keep it to about a ten-minute break. (A break was taken.) (All parties present.) (Jury present.) THE COURT: All right. MR. FELL: Judge, I have one thing to read in that we agreed to. QUESTION: "Okay. You haven't done work directly as 1823 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068434 1 a consultant for Monsanto 2 since you retired; is that 3 correct?" 4 ANSWER: "That is 5 correct." 6 QUESTION: "And you 7 began as a consultant in 8 1987, is that correct?" 9 "That's correct." 10 QUESTION: "How much 11 have you been paid per year 12 in connection with your 13 consulting work that you have 14 provided to Smith Helms?" 15 ANSWER: "I'd suggest 16 about $100,000 a a year." 17 QUESTION: "Since 18 1987?" 19 ANSWER: "Yes." 20 THE COURT: Ladies and gentlemen, 21 just for further 22 clarification -- I'm sure you 23 already know this -- each 1824 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068435 1 side went through and picked 2 out parts of three days of 3 depositions, rather than us 4 having to sit here and watch 5 three days of this 6 deposition. They picked out 7 the parts they thought were most important. And each 9 side has prepared a video 10 based upon that. But in 11 looking over those videos, 12 each side has also seen other 13 portions that they wish they 14 had put in those videos. 15 That is why they are reading 16 those portions in at this 17 time rather than watching 18 them. Let's pick up where 19 you left you. 20 (Video resumed.) 21 Q. The paragraph states, "Our 22 interpretation is that PCBs are 23 exhibiting a greater degree of toxicity 1825 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068436 1 in this chronic study than we had 2 anticipated." 3 What were the results of the 4 studies that showed a greater degree of 5 toxicity than had been anticipated? 6 A. It has to do with the observed results 7 on the livers of the test animals at the high levels of exposure and for the 9 higher chlorinated types of PCBs. 10 Q. The higher chlorinated, referring to 11 1254 and 1260? 12 A. 1260, yes, sir. 13 Q. What results had been anticipated? 14 A. Well, up to this point there was nothing 15 to indicate that PCBs would have any 16 results, and we expected the test 17 animals to reflect that belief. And it 18 didn't do so. 19 Q. The next sentence in that paragraph 20 states, "Secondly, although there are 21 variations, depending on species of 22 animals, the PCBs are about the same as 23 DDT in mammals." Do you know what 1826 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068437 1 Mr. Wheeler meant by that? 2 A. No, I don't. 3 Q. The next paragraph states, "We have 4 additional interim data which will 5 perhaps be more discouraging." Do you 6 know what data Mr. Wheeler was referring 7 to in that sentence? A. He was referring to the results in the 9 chicken studies. 10 What results specifically was he 11 referring to when he said that data 12 would perhaps be more discouraging? 13 A. Hatchability of eggs . 14 Q. Okay. Now, in the last sentence in this 15 memorandum, Mr. Wheeler says, "We are 16 repeating some of the experiments to 17 confirm or deny the earlier findings and 18 are not distributing the early results 19 at this time." 20 Let me just ask you. Did Monsanto 21 have the experiments repeated? 22 A. Yes. 23 Q. Okay. And did they confirm or deny the 1827 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068438 1 earlier findings? 2 A. They confirmed. 3 MR. ATKIN: Okay. Let us mark for 4 identification purposes for 5 your deposition as Papageorge 6 Sixty-one a May 7th, 1970, 7 memorandum from G. W. Miller to G. L. Jessee. And 9 Mr. Papageorge is a recipient 10 of this memoranda. The 11 memorandum is dated May 7th, 12 1970. It bears -- It's a 13 two-page memorandum bearing 14 Bates number MONS 099533 15 through 099534. 16 A. I have scanned the exhibit. 17 Q. Okay. This discusses a visit by 18 Mr. Landwehr, Mr. Wright, and Mr. Miller 19 to Mr. Crockett at the Alabama Water 20 Commission -- Water Improvement 21 Commission in or about May 1970. Were 22 you aware of that visit? 23 A. Eventually, yes. 1828 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068439 1 Q. What does eventually mean? 2 A. When I got a copy of this letter or 3 memorandum. 4 Q. Okay. Have you seen this memorandum 5 anytime in the recent past? 6 A. By recent, if you mean the past couple 7 of months, yes. 8 Q. Do you know what position the AWIC was 9 looking to protect? 10 A. I do not. 11 Q. Okay. Now, in the recommendations that 12 Mr. Crockett made that are referred to 13 in the third paragraph of this 14 memorandum, one of the things that he 15 recommended, number three, is "Give no 16 statements or publications which would 17 bring the situation to the public's 18 attention." Do you see that? 19 A. I see that. 20 Q. Okay. Do you recall learning about the 21 fact or discussing the fact that 22 Mr. Crockett had recommended that 23 Monsanto should give no statements or 1829 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068440 1 publications which would bring the 2 situation to the public's attention? 3 A. I recall that, yes, sir. 4 Q. What do you recall about that? 5 A. I can share with you my impressions at 6 the time. 7 Q. Okay. 8 A. This confirmed my experience and belief 9 that individuals in this type of 10 assignment are very sensitive to what is 11 revealed to the public; and therefore, 12 they -- this is almost an expected 13 request. 14 Q. Okay. That was your impression at the 15 time? 16 A. That is my impression. 17 Q. Okay. Did Monsanto follow this 18 recommendation? 19 A. No. 20 Q. Okay. Well, did it ever make any 21 statements to the public about the fact 22 that it knew that Aroclors reaching the 23 watershed from the Anniston plant were 1830 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068441 1 entering Snow Creek? 2 I don't know about those specific words, 3 but I do recall -- Yes, they did. The 4 plant manager addressed that. 5 Q. How did he address that? 6 A. Well, I have a vivid recollection of an 7 article in a local paper that appeared in 1970, as best I recall. 9 Q. Anything else? 10 A. That's all that comes to mind right now. 11 Q. Okay. Do you recall being told of a 12 recommendation that Mr. Crockett made 13 that if approached by news media, either 14 the AWIC or Monsanto is free to state 15 the situation is under study by the 16 staff of AWIC at the direction of the 17 technical director, Mr. Crockett? 18 A. Yes. 19 Q. Okay. And was that recommendation 20 adopted by Monsanto? 21 A. Yeah. 22 MR. ATKIN: Okay. That's all I 23 have on that document, which 1831 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068442 1 brings us to Papageorge 2 Sixty-five for identification 3 purposes. 4 And this is a four-page 5 document called Executive 6 Summary, PCB Pollution, dated 7 10-29-69, bearing Bates 8 number STR 018891 through STR 9 018894. 10 MR. PRATER: The next question, 11 Your Honor, was: "Okay. 12 This is an executive summary 13 on PCB pollution. Do you 14 know who prepared this 15 executive summary?" 16 ANSWER: "I do not." 17 QUESTION: "It wasn't 18 you? " 19 ANSWER: "Correct." 20 QUESTION: "Do you 21 recall receiving this 22 executive summary?" 23 ANSWER: "I did not." 1832 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068443 1 QUESTION: "You did not 2 receive it?" 3 ANSWER: "That is 4 correct." 5 And we would renew the 6 objection stated earlier, 7 Your Honor. 8 THE COURT: Overruled. 9 (Video resumed.) 10 Q. Now, this summary reflects that by 1969 11 Monsanto was aware of the ecological 12 problems caused by PCB pollution, 13 correct? 14 A. That's what it states, yes, sir. 15 Q. In fact, it states that by mid 1969 16 Monsanto knew that PCBs had created a 17 worldwide ecological problem; isn't that 18 right? I'm referring to the last 19 sentence of the first section, Problem 20 Definition and Timing, "Monsanto 21 confirmed PCBs in mid 1969 and confirmed 22 the adequacy of work by Widmark and 23 Jennsen and others, a worldwide 1833 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068444 1 ecological problem." 2 I don't understand the question. Am I 3 supposed to agree that it's here, that 4 that is what we are reading? 5 Q. I'm asking you whether or not -- Well, 6 obviously it states that here, correct? 7 A. That's what's typewritten here. 8 Q. Do you have an understanding as to 9 whether or not Monsanto knew in mid 1969 10 that PCBs had created a worldwide 11 ecological problem? 12 Well, the presence of PCBs in many, many 13 samples imply worldwide ecological 14 problem. 15 Q. And you knew that in 1969, right? 16 A. Did I personally know it in ' 69? 17 Q. Yes. 18 A. No. 19 Q. But others at Monsanto knew that? 20 A. Yes, there were others. 21 Q. Certainly the person who prepared this 22 executive summary knew that? 23 A. Correct. 1834 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068445 1 Q. Well, this executive summary reflects 2 that in 1969 Monsanto was weighing the 3 risk of producing PCB products which 4 cause a worldwide ecological problem 5 against a potential loss of business? 6 A. Yes. Those are the factors that enter 7 into the decision making. MR. ATKIN: Let us mark for 9 identification purposes for 10 this deposition as Papageorge 11 Sixty-seven a -- It looks 12 like an eleven-page document, 13 but the last page has 14 absolutely nothing on it. So 15 it's probably a ten-page 16 document bearing Bates number 17 SCM 037621 through SCM 18 037630, a document authored 19 by Mr. Benignus on January 20 26th, 1970, regarding the PCB 21 pollution problem, January 21 22 and 22, 1970, St. Louis 23 meeting with General Electric 1835 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068446 1 Company. 2 Q. I'd ask you to take a look at that, if 3 you could. 4 Okay. Let me ask you first. Did 5 you attend this -- Well, this memorandum 6 reflects that you attended a meeting 7 that was held with General Electric on January 21st and 22nd, 1970? 9 A. Yes, I was there. 10 Q. Do you recall that meeting? 11 A. Yes. 12 Q. On page two, D, it discusses the status 13 of Aroclor studies at IBT? 14 A. It does. 15 Q. And it mentions the fact that the 16 chronic animal toxicity test and animal 17 reproducibility studies that were being 18 done by IBT were not as favorable as 19 Monsanto had hoped or anticipated? 20 A. It does. 21 Q. And it also says that the studies on the 22 effect of PCBs on the hatchability and 23 production of eggshells of white leghorn 1836 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068447 1 chickens was particularly alarming, 2 correct? 3 A. It does. 4 Q. Do you know exactly what the results 5 were that were considered to be 6 particularly alarming? 7 The fact that the eggs would not hatch, and some of the eggs that were farmed 9 were so thin-shelled, which was another 10 new piece of information. 11 Q. Okay. Now, it then goes on to state, 12 "The studies involved Aroclor 1242, 13 1254, and 1260. Some of the studies 14 will be repeated to arrive at better 15 conclusions." 16 Did Monsanto have PCB toxicity 17 tests and animal reproducibility studies 18 repeated by IBT in order to get better 19 results? 20 A. I don't know that I would call them 21 better results. 22 Q. Well, results that have better 23 conclusions? 1837 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068448 1 A. Yes. The tests were repeated to confirm 2 the reliability of the first results. 3 And by looking at both sets of tests, 4 the intent was to arrive at a better 5 conclusion. 6 Q. Okay. If you could look at page six for 7 one second, I have one other question for you, under number eight there on 9 page six. 10 A. Page six, number eight, I have it. 11 Q. It says, "To date and for the 12 foreseeable future, our only effective 13 disposal is to a landfill. While this 14 is not desirable, it is better than 15 indiscriminate dumping." 16 Why did Monsanto feel in 1970 that 17 it was not desirable to dispose of PCBs 18 in a landfill? 19 A. I don't know that it says it's not 20 desirable in a landfill. That's the 21 only effective method available. 22 Well, why don't we just read the words, 23 if we could. It says, "While this is 1838 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068449 1 not desirable, it is better than 2 indiscriminate dumping." 3 A. The -- Although it's not specifically 4 stated, what they are referring to here 5 is liquid, unrecoverable scrap PCBs. 6 And the hope at that time was that 7 incineration would eventually be developed, incineration technology would 9 be developed. So depositing in a 10 landfill was perceived to be really 11 make-do until the technology is 12 available, lacking anything better. 13 MR. ATKIN: Let us mark for 14 identification purposes for 15 the Papageorge deposition as 16 Exhibit Number Sixty-eight a 17 July 27th, 1970, letter from 18 Mr. Papageorge to Mr. Fred R. 19 Viland, senior buyer at 20 Westinghouse Electric 21 Corporation. And I don't 22 know why I don't have any 23 Bates numbers on it, but I 1839 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068450 1 don't. 2 A. I have read the exhibit. 3 Q. Okay. Now, you were telling Monsanto's 4 customers in 1970 that landfills for 5 PCBs should not be located near surface 6 and underground water, correct? 7 A. Correct. 8 Q. And you're also telling your customers 9 that it's important to monitor bodies of 10 water near the landfill, especially 11 after heavy rainfall, to assure that 12 PCBs are not escaping into the 13 environment? 14 A. I was. 15 Q. Did Monsanto ever monitor the bodies of 16 water near the Anniston plant after 17 heavy rainfall to ensure that PCBs were 18 not escaping into the environment? 19 MR. PRATER: The answer was: 20 "Yes. Once we got the 21 methodology." 22 The next question was: 23 "When was that?" 1840 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068451 1 And the answer to that 2 was: "About 1969 or 3 thereabouts." 4 (Video resumed.) 5 A. Yes, once we got the methodology. About 6 1969 or thereabouts. 7 MR. PRATER: I'm just glad I read it right. 9 (Video resumed.) 10 MR. ATKIN: This is a September 11 27th, 1974, memorandum from 12 J. G. Bryant to D. Wood. 13 It's a five-page memorandum 14 bearing Bates number MONS 15 029193 through 029197. 16 Q. Did Monsanto ever share the data on the 17 soil studies with the public? 18 A. You mean through the popular media and 19 so on? 20 Q. Through any means. 21 A. Well, we shared it, I know, with the 22 EPA. 23 Q. When I say the public, I'm referring to 1841 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068452 1 private citizens. 2 A. Not directly, no. 3 MR. ATKIN: Okay. Thank you. 4 Let us mark for 5 identification purposes 6 Papageorge Seventy, a March 7 6, 1970, memorandum from 8 Mr. Papageorge to J. R. 9 Durland in Tokyo about the 10 Aroclor environmental problem 11 -- program. I'm sorry. 12 A. I have reviewed the exhibit. 13 Q. Okay. Now, Mr. Papageorge, you knew in 14 March 1970 that disposing of PCBs in 15 dumps wasn't the ultimate solution for 16 disposing of PCBs because the PCBs could 17 eventually enter the environment; isn't 18 that right? 19 A. Could, yes, eventually, when disturbed 20 and so on. 21 Q. Okay. Now, in -- On page two, the 22 paragraph headed Aroclor Toxicity, 23 Anniston Plant -- 1842 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068453 1 A. I see that. 2 Q. It states there, "Aroclors have been 3 found in Snow Creek near the plant. 4 There is no record of any water life 5 observed in this creek for many years. 6 We've assumed other plant wastes were to 7 blame; for example, muriatic acid. Aroclors could be involved also." 9 Did Monsanto ever make a 10 determination as to whether the fact 11 that there was no water life in the 12 creek -- whether that was due in part to 13 muriatic -- muriatic acid that had been 14 dumped into the creek? 15 A. No. That was just a guess on my part. 16 MR. PRATER: The next statement 17 was: "Okay." 18 And the continued 19 answer was: "Now, recall 20 earlier, I recalled the use 21 of the term "Snow Creek" to 22 describe that ditch, the 23 unnamed ditch, which many 1843 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068454 1 times during the year would 2 run dry. That ought to be 3 telling us something about 4 the viability of any life in 5 a dry creek." 6 (Video resumed.) 7 MR. ATKIN: Let us mark for identification purposes for 9 your deposition as Exhibit 10 Seventy-three a progress 11 report bearing Bates numbers 12 MONS 202097 through MONS 13 030358. No. That doesn't 14 make sense. Let's just take 15 that off for a second and 16 take that back. Through MONS 17 202106. 18 This report reports on an environmental 19 analytical study undertaken by Monsanto 20 in 1971, correct? 21 A. It does. 22 Q. And part of the purpose of the study was 23 to identify, locate, and assess the 1844 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068455 1 magnitude of the PCB pollution problem; 2 is that right? 3 A. Correct. 4 Q. Okay. And Monsanto's study showed that 5 PCBs typical of Monsanto's Aroclor 6 products had been found at levels below 7 and above recommended guidelines in 8 coated paper and paper coatings, 9 correct? 10 A. Yes. 11 Q. And in machine oils and plant effluents? 12 A. From a customer's site. 13 Q. From a customer's site? 14 A. Yes. 15 Q. And from fourteen Monsanto Industrial 16 Chemical Company products from 17 manufacturing sites, from four different 18 manufacturing sites? 19 A. Yes. 20 Q. And from chicken chow used as feed by 21 IBT? 22 A. Yes. 23 Q. And from sewer effluents from a Monsanto 1845 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068456 1 plant? 2 A. Yes. 3 Q. Do you know which plant that's referring 4 to? 5 A. I didn't read it that carefully. On 6 page seven, MONS 202103. 7 Q. Uh-huh (indicating yes). 8 A. At the top of the page is J. F. Queeny 9 plant. 10 Q. Okay. And where was that? 11 A. That's located right -- in East St. 12 Louis. 13 Q. And it also reflected -- the summary 14 reflects that PCBs typical of Monsanto's 15 Aroclor products have been found in 16 tissue turkey extracts from the USDA? 17 A. It does. 18 Q. And also in two competitive products. 19 Do you know which competitive products 20 it's referring to? 21 I thought I saw them. It was on page 22 ten, which is MONS 202106, at the bottom 23 section. You will see reference to 1846 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068457 1 Prodelec Phenoclor DP6, Prodelec 2 Phenoclor DP6 again, and Bayers Clophen 3 A60 and Kaneclor KC-300. 4 Q. Okay. Did this study that was done by 5 Monsanto confirm for Monsanto the 6 magnitude of the PCB problem? 7 I don't know that it confirmed it. It just -- it's just a little bit more 9 information added to their -- let's call 10 it data bank regarding PCB and presence. 11 Q. Who at IBT worked on the tests that were 12 conducted for Monsanto? 13 A. There were several individuals involved. 14 There was of course the head of the 15 laboratory, Dr. Calandra - 16 Q. All right. 17 A. Then there was a Keplinger, 18 Dr. Keplinger, and a Dr. Otis Fancher, 19 Dr. Gordon. The pathologist -- I think 20 his name was Richter or something like 21 that, Dr. Richter, the pathologist. I'm 22 sure there were others. I just can't 23 remember them all. 1847 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068458 1 Q. Was Mr. Wright involved? 2 A. I understood he was, but I personally 3 never saw him at the laboratory or 4 didn't get to know him until he joined 5 Monsanto. 6 Q. Do you know if a person named Philip 7 Smith was involved in the studies? A. Phil Smith, yes, yes. He was one that I 9 forgot. 10 Q. Now, who from Monsanto was involved with 11 the studies that were done by IBT? 12 A. Of course, Dr. Kelly, as the director of 13 the medical department, Elmer Wheeler, 14 and Bill Hunt. Those are the people I 15 worked with. 16 Q. How about Dr. Levinskas? 17 A. Oh, yeah. Dr. Levinskas came later, 18 yes. 19 Q. Was what the nature of the involvement 20 of Monsanto's -- of the people you told 21 us about, the nature of their 22 involvement with the IBT studies? 23 A. Well, they would keep tuned in as to 1848 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068459 1 what was going on and how well things 2 were going and whether further studies 3 would be proposed. They would supply 4 the material to be tested. They would 5 also help determine whether or not more 6 animals should be added to the test 7 population or the dosages be altered or changed. They would also review the 9 drafts of the reports. That's the type 10 of involvement that I'm aware of. 11 Do you recall discussions about that, 12 about the bio-accumulation effect of 13 PCBs ? 14 A. Yes, that was part of our general 15 discussions. 16 Q. What do you recall about those general 17 discussions? 18 A. The only recollection I have is that 19 this is expected in a biological system, 20 especially that has fat involved in its 21 tissues. 22 Q. Why is it expected? 23 A. Because the material is fat soluble. 1849 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068460 1 And once it finds its way into that part 2 of the test animal's body, it stays put. 3 It's again, inert, unreactive. 4 Q. Let us have you take a look, if you 5 could, at what has been previously 6 marked as Levinskas Six for 7 identification. That's the November 12th, 1971, report to Monsanto Company 9 from IBT, IBT number B-7298, two-year 10 chronic oral toxicity with Aroclor 1260 11 in albino rats. 12 Do you recall any discussions at 13 Monsanto about the results of this 14 study? 15 A. In general, yes. 16 Q. What do you recall? 17 A. I recall really that this report was 18 telling us or telling the reader that 19 exposure to Aroclor 1260 resulted in 20 enlarged livers. 21 Q. And did Monsanto reach any conclusions 22 about the toxicity of Aroclor 1260 as a 23 result of this study? 1850 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068461 1 A. Yeah. The fact that at high levels of 2 the higher chlorinated type of PCB, you 3 can get liver effects. 4 Let's take a look, if we would, at 5 Levinskas Seven for identification 6 purposes. And this is again apparently 7 an executive summary report to IB -- It says report to IBT research. It's 9 actually a report to Monsanto from IBT 10 on the toxicity and reproduction study 11 with Aroclor 1242 on white leghorn 12 chickens dated June 7th, 1973, IBT 13 number J-1291. And did you in fact read 14 this exhibit in or about June 1973? 15 A. Yes. 16 Q. Okay. And is this the study that you 17 were telling us about earlier, about the 18 white leghorn chickens that discussed 19 the hatchability -- the effect of PCBs 20 on the hatchability of eggs in white 21 leghorn chickens? 22 A. This is the -- Yeah. This reflects the 23 study of the effects of Aroclor 1242 on 1851 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068462 1 the hatchability at the higher level. 2 Okay. For the -- At the higher level, 3 meaning the group that was fed ten parts 4 per million? 5 A. That is correct. 6 Q. Do you recall any discussions at 7 Monsanto about the results of this study? 9 A. Yes. 10 Q. What do you recall? 11 A. I recall that, as we just said, the 12 higher feeding level of Aroclor 1242 to 13 white leghorn chickens affected their 14 hatchability of their eggs. 15 Q. Okay. And is that -- Was that also the 16 conclusion that Monsanto reached 17 regarding the toxicity of Aroclor 1260 18 as a result of this study? 19 A. 1260? 20 Q. I'm sorry. 1242 . 21 A. 1242 at that higher level. 22 Q. Yes. 23 A. With this test animal, this bird. 1852 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068463 1 Q. I'll ask you to take a look, if you 2 could, at what was marked as Levinskas 3 Thirteen for identification at 4 Dr. Levinskas' deposition. Now, who was 5 Dr. Roush? 6 A. Dr. Roush was, at this point in time, in 7 April of '75, the Monsanto Company medical director. 9 Q. Okay. And you received a copy of this 10 letter, correct? 11 A. Yes. 12 Q. Now, in the first sentence of this 13 letter, Dr. Calandra says to Dr. Roush, 14 "I fully appreciate that the meeting on 15 PCBs today was not completely 16 satisfactory and that many nagging 17 questions remain." 18 Were you at that meeting referred 19 to? 20 A. Yes. 21 Q. Do you recall what was discussed at that 22 meeting? 23 A. It was a discussion on the findings by 1853 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068464 1 pathologists of liver samples from 2 Dr. Kimbrough's studies and Industrial 3 Bio-Test studies. 4 Q. Do you know what Dr. Calandra meant when 5 he said that the meeting wasn't 6 completely satisfactory? 7 He was referring to the fact that the two laboratories -- or the 9 representatives of the two laboratories 10 left the meeting still disagreeing as to 11 the findings. 12 Q. Okay. Now, at the end of the page four 13 summary -- I'm sorry -- at the end of 14 the four-page summary, one, two, three 15 four -- or is it five -- the last thing 16 he says -- number five, it says, 17 "Bio-Test studies on PCBs meet the 18 scientific standards of toxicology and 19 pathology, and we are prepared to assist 20 Monsanto in any adversary situation in 21 or out of government." 22 Do you know what Dr. Calandra 23 meant by that? Did you have an 1854 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068465 1 understanding when you got this letter 2 as to what Dr. Calandra meant by that? 3 A. I had an understanding, yes. 4 Q. What was it? 5 A. That he would join Monsanto individuals 6 in any discussions on this subject 7 brought on by anyone. 8 Q. Brought on by anyone? Did you interpret 9 that to mean litigation also? 10 A. Yeah. I could see that as a 11 possibility. 12 MR. PRATER: And the following 13 question was: "Okay. Did 14 Monsanto ever ask IBT to 15 assist it in any adversary 16 situation in or out of 17 government?" 18 ANSWER: "I'm not aware 19 of any such requests." 20 MR. FELL: That's the end of the 21 plaintiffs' designation, Your 22 Honor. They have a video to 23 play also. 1855 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068466 1 MR. PRATER: Ours is about 2 twenty-five to thirty minutes 3 long, Your Honor. 4 THE COURT: That last part was 5 supposed to be about thirty, 6 and it wound up being about 7 forty-five. 8 MR. PRATER: We can do whatever 9 Your Honor would like for us 10 to do. 11 THE COURT: You say it is twenty 12 to thirty? 13 MR. PRATER: About twenty-five to 14 thirty minutes, yes, sir. We 15 can cut the commercials. 16 THE COURT: I'd like to go ahead 17 and finish this. Does anyone 18 need to be excused earlier? 19 (No audible response.) 20 THE COURT: I don't see any heads 21 nodding. So go ahead and 22 proceed. 23 (Video resumed.) 1856 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068467 1 There was no reason that Monsanto 2 couldn't have done audits of the Aroclor 3 department before 1969; is that correct? 4 A. There was one very limiting shortcoming. 5 Q. Okay. 6 A. The ability to measure PCBs in part per 7 million or less levels was not available until roughly 1968. And even then there 9 was some difficulty experienced in 10 duplicating results. And it depended an 11 awful lot on the laboratory and the 12 experience of the chemist. And so it 13 was undergoing a period of development 14 in '68. 15 So without that technology being 16 available, a true audit -- Well, an 17 audit could have been held, but the 18 answers would have come out zero PCBs. 19 Q. Prior to 1968? 20 A. Yes. And even during '68. We would 21 have gotten some answers that always 22 would have a question mark after them. 23 Okay. Looking at Papageorge Four -- 1857 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068468 1 A. I have it. 2 Q. Okay. Was a determination made as to 3 how much the average total loss -- the 4 average daily losses of organic PCBs 5 were? 6 A. Well, I see - 7 Q. I'm actually referring you to the summary on the first page, to the second 9 sentence, which reads, "The average 10 total losses of organic material from 11 these departments is approximately 12 twenty-seven pounds per day." 13 A. My hesitation is due to the fact that 14 there are many chemicals involved in 15 this particular operating unit that are 16 called organics. Some of them are PCBs. 17 There is also, as I remember, benzene 18 and biphenyl and hydrogenated biphenyl 19 and many other materials which would 20 come out as organic material. 21 Q. Okay. 22 A. So I just don't know how much of that, 23 if any, is PCB. 1858 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068469 1 Q. Well, according to this document, I 2 believe it says the major sources of 3 organic -- primarily Aroclors, but with 4 smaller amounts of biphenyl, Santowax, 5 and HB-40. 6 Does that refresh your 7 recollection as to whether the major component of the organic waste was from 9 Aroclors ? 10 A. Not really, because when they speak of 11 Aroclor, at that point in time, at the 12 Anniston plant within Monsanto, the word 13 "Aroclor" covered chlorinated biphenyls 14 as well as chlorinated terphenyls. 15 Also, within that operation, 16 because of their use as starting 17 materials, there were other organic 18 materials present. 19 So again, the expression "organic 20 materials" is not really definitive. 21 Q. I'm going to show you another document, 22 which we will mark as Papageorge Five 23 for identification. This document is a 1859 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068470 1 memo -- Let me just identify it for the 2 record. This is a one-page memorandum 3 from Mr. Wright dated November 14th, 4 1969, addressed to yourself; is that 5 correct? 6 A. That is correct. 7 Q. And the subject is Aroclor spill on March 6, 1969. 9 A. It is. 10 Q. Okay. And this reflects that in 11 November 1969 there was a loss of 12 fifteen hundred gallons of Aroclor 1242 13 to the plant acid sewer; is that 14 correct? 15 A. That is correct. 16 Q. And it also reflects how this happened, 17 correct? 18 A. It does. 19 Q. And it says that the line on the bottom 20 of the number three Aroclor still 21 receiver failed, correct? 22 A. Yes. 23 Q. And did you first learn about this spill 1860 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068471 1 in this memorandum? 2 A. This confirmed an oral report that was 3 given to me back when it happened. 4 Q. By Mr. Wright? 5 A. No. I believe it was the supervisor of 6 the Aroclor operation that told me. 7 Q. And who was that? 8 A. Jack Malloy. 9 Q. And do you recall how many gallons of 10 PCBs Monsanto was able to recover from 11 the fifteen hundred gallons that had 12 been lost? 13 I had to refresh my memory. It does 14 refer to three hundred fifty gallons of 15 material recovered for reuse. 16 Q. Okay. What happened to the remainder of 17 the PCBs that had spilled? 18 A. As best I recall - 19 Q. You may want to refresh your 20 recollection from the document. If your 21 recollection is different from this, 22 that is okay. 23 A. As I recall, there were efforts made to 1861 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068472 1 recover any material they could from the 2 sewer itself, and then there were 3 cleanup efforts of the neutralization 4 pit to which some of this leakage went. 5 And in both of those situations the 6 material would normally be put in drums 7 and hauled to the landfill for disposal. 8 Q. Okay. This memo reflects that the 9 remainder of the PCBs was probably lying 10 in the sewer and had been mixed with the 11 dirt and sand at the head of the acid 12 neutralization pit. 13 A. It does say that. 14 Q. Is that consistent with your 15 recollection? 16 A. Yes. There are ways to absorb the 17 liquids in sewers and then shovel them 18 out. 19 Okay. Was a portion of this material 20 leaking through the limestone at the 21 effluent end of the pit, the limestone 22 pit? 23 A. Through the limestone? 1862 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068473 1 Q. Yes. 2 A. Yes. It has to trickle down through the 3 limestone until it reaches the clay bed. 4 Q. And Mr. Wright believed it was highly 5 unlikely that Monsanto would be able to 6 recover any more of this material, 7 correct? A. Yes. And keep in mind recovering means 9 reuse, profitable recovery. 10 Okay. Was Monsanto concerned about how 11 much of the spilled PCBs might be 12 getting into Snow Creek? 13 A. At this point in time, yes, we were very 14 careful in monitoring that kind of 15 activity. 16 Q. I'm talking specifically as a result of 17 this spill. 18 A. Sure. That's no different than any 19 other accident or event. 20 Q. Okay. And Monsanto in fact collected 21 samples from Snow Creek to determine how 22 much of the spill material had entered 23 Snow Creek; is that right? 1863 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068474 1 A. How much, if any, correct. 2 Q. Yes. Who collected the samples; do you 3 recall? 4 A. No, I don't. 5 Q. Do you know where they were sent? 6 A. At that point in time they were probably 7 sent to this group we referred to earlier, the organic research analytical 9 group. 10 Q. Do you know what the results were? 11 A. No, I don't remember. 12 Q. And did Mr. Wright make any 13 recommendations to prevent a recurrence 14 of this type incident? 15 A. Well, a recommendation is reflected in 16 the memorandum, Exhibit Five. 17 Q. Okay. And what was the recommendation? 18 A. The recommendation he refers to there is 19 the installation either of a second 20 catch basin, which is this limestone 21 pit, or what he calls another device 22 between the PCB producing department and 23 the neutralization pit. 1864 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068475 1 Q. Okay. Was that recommendation ever 2 implemented? 3 A. Yes. 4 Q. Okay. Do you know when? 5 A. About 1970. They installed a second 6 neutralization pit, and they also 7 installed a catch basin underneath the operation to catch any leak of this 9 type. 10 Q. Okay. To your knowledge, sir, was this 11 incident the first time that hundreds of 12 gallons of PCBs had spilled into the 13 acid sewer? 14 A. To my knowledge, yes, this is the only 15 incident I'm aware of. 16 Q. Are you aware of any incidents like this 17 occurring after this point in time? 18 A. There were no other incidences like 19 this . 20 Q. To your knowledge, Mr. Papageorge, did 21 Monsanto ever withhold information 22 regarding PCB emissions data from any 23 governmental agency? 1865 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068476 1 A. No, sir, not to my knowledge. 2 Q. Is it fair to say, sir, that Monsanto 3 had a lack of control over the PCB 4 problem throughout the history of the 5 Anniston plant? 6 A. Lack of control, no, sir. We did a 7 better job than any industry has ever done with any chemical. 9 Q. Okay. Were air samplings ever done at 10 the Anniston plant? 11 A. Yes. 12 Q. Okay. When? 13 A. We took some samples, as I remember, in 14 1970 . 15 Q. Okay. Do you know how many samples you 16 took? 17 A. I don't remember now. We took enough to 18 assure ourselves that the releases were 19 below the acceptable for the worker who 20 is right on top of the fuming tank, so 21 to speak. And then the air program, the 22 technology for developing the sampling 23 of air was transferred to the Krummrich 1866 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068477 1 plant to develop the technology. And 2 then the intent was to share that 3 technology with anybody, including the 4 Anniston plant. 5 Q. Okay. You say that the samples were 6 done in 1970 to the best of your 7 recollection, correct? A. Some sampling was done at the Anniston 9 plant, yes. 10 Q. And were there any samples done at the 11 Anniston plant after 1970? 12 A. I'm hesitating because the unit was shut 13 down in '71. 14 Q. Which unit? 15 A. The PCB unit in Anniston was shut down 16 in '71. I think it was about the middle 17 of the year. So the technology that was 18 developed at Krummrich did not get a 19 chance to be implemented at Anniston 20 before the unit shut down. 21 Q. Okay. Do you know if air samples were 22 ever done in Anniston, outside the 23 plant? 1867 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068478 A. No. Because the samples taken right near the source of the PCBs showed us that safe levels were there, and we couldn't imagine that they would be any worse at a distance from the plant. Q. Did there come a point in time, Mr. Papageorge, that Monsanto began reporting daily -- daily PCB losses to the Alabama Water Improvement Commission? A. Yes. Q. Do you recall when that was? A. Starting at about the time of these memos, the middle to latter part of 1970 . Q. And what Aroclor losses were reported, for which Aroclors? A. Any that the analysts detected. Q. Okay. Do you recall seeing any memoranda, internal memoranda, stating that Monsanto would only report certain Aroclors to the Alabama Water Improvement Commission? 1868 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068479 1 A. The only memo of that type or only 2 incident of that type that I recall was 3 the attempt to clarify the difference 4 between Aroclors that were chlorinated 5 biphenyls and Aroclors that were 6 chlorinated terphenyls. 7 Q. Okay. 8 A. And the idea was to communicate with the 9 Alabama authorities the chlorinated 10 biphenyls, not to confuse the picture 11 with this other line of products. 12 Q. I'm talking within the chlorinated 13 biphenyl group. Do you recall seeing 14 any memoranda, letters, anything, or 15 having any discussions with anyone 16 regarding the reporting of only certain 17 Aroclors within that group to the 18 Alabama Water Improvement Commission? 19 A. I remember the distinction made between 20 the polychlorinated biphenyls and the 21 monochlorinated biphenyls. Is that what 22 you have in mind? 23 There was one of the -- Aroclor 1869 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068480 1 1221 is a -- strictly speaking, a 2 monochlor biphenyl. It doesn't really 3 fit under a PCB category. 4 Q. Okay. 5 Q. By the way, did Monsanto ever set a 6 specific target for the quantity of PCBs 7 that would be tolerated in the plant in the ambient air, atmospheric 9 concentration of PCBs? 10 A. Monsanto didn't set that. The American 11 Conference of Industrial -- I mean of 12 Governmental Industrial Hygienists set 13 the standard for the amount of PCB 14 vapors in the air that a person should 15 be exposed to during his normal 16 eight-hour working day, five days a 17 week, for a lifetime of exposure. 18 Q. Do you recall what that level was in or 19 about January 1971? 20 A. For the PCB that represented Aroclor 21 1242, it was one milligram per cubic 22 foot of air. 23 Okay. 1870 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068481 1 A. And for the PCB that was a similar to 2 Aroclor 1254 - 3 Q. What do you mean by similar to 1254? 4 A. Chemically it contains those types of 5 PCBs that are in this commercial mixture 6 which Monsanto called Aroclor 1254. 7 Q. Thank you. 8 A. The vapor for such a mixture was limited 9 by this group of industrial hygienists. 10 Q. By the HCGIH? 11 A. HCGIH, to a half of a milligram per 12 cubic meter of air. I believe that's 13 the standard that exists today. 14 MR. PECK: Just for clarification, 15 I first heard you on 1242 - 16 you said one milligram per 17 cubic foot of air. 18 THE WITNESS: I'm sorry. Cubic 19 meter. 20 MR. PECK: In the second you said 21 point five per cubic meter. 22 THE WITNESS: All of the units are 23 in metrics. So it's 1871 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068482 1 milligrams and meters. 2 MR. ATKIN: Thank you for 3 clarifying that. 4 Q. Did Monsanto ever tell the FDA about the 5 Yusho incident? 6 A. I know we discussed it with the FDA, but 7 my exposure to that discussion -- The FDA knew about it already. I don't know 9 where they found out. 10 Q. Do you know when Monsanto first 11 discussed the FDA -- with the FDA the 12 Yusho incident? 13 It was in 1970. My hesitation is 14 because it wasn't specific FDA. FDA 15 representatives were in the room along 16 with the Department of Agriculture and 17 so on, the Interagency Task Force on 18 PCBs. This was one of the subjects 19 discussed. 20 Q. And that was sometime in 1970? 21 A. Yes. 22 Q. Do you remember if it was the earlier or 23 latter part of 1970? 1872 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068483 1 A. I would suggest late summer, early fall. 2 Q. You mentioned Interagency Task Force on 3 PCBs. What was that? 4 A. The government agencies were attempting 5 to learn what they could about the PCB 6 environmental issue in 1970, and they 7 had informally formed a study group at the encouragement of the head of the - 9 it is the office of science and 10 technology, but I don't recall exactly 11 what its title was at that time. And it 12 included representatives from the 13 Department of Agriculture, the Interior 14 Department, the Department of Commerce, 15 FDA. I'm sure I left out some, but it 16 was supposedly representative of any 17 federal activity that might be involved 18 with PCBs. 19 Did Monsanto ever ship PCBs from other 20 sites to the landfill in Anniston, 21 Alabama? 22 A. Not to my knowledge, no. 23 Q. If you turn to page NEV 027590 -- 1873 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068484 1 A. I have it. 2 Q. According to this page, the second full 3 paragraph specifically, it indicates 4 that part of Monsanto's plan in 5 September 1969 was to set up an 6 incinerator to handle Aroclor disposal, 7 correct? A. Correct. 9 Q. Did Monsanto ever set up an incinerator 10 in Anniston to dispose of PCBs? 11 A. No. 12 Q. Why not? 13 A. When the unit was installed, which was, 14 as I remember, the '71 period, 1971 or 15 thereabouts, the decision had been made 16 to limit the sale of PCB products to 17 many uses, which in turn required the 18 shutdown of one of the two U.S. plants. 19 And it was decided that the Anniston 20 plant would be the one to go out of 21 production. And the incinerator was 22 then put at the East St. Louis, Illinois 23 plant or Sauget, S-a-u-g-e-t, Illinois 1874 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068485 1 plant because that is where the 2 operation was perceived to continue. 3 Q. Okay. 4 A. I'm sorry. I misunderstood. 5 Q. No. I guess what I'm trying to 6 understand is why did Monsanto not put 7 an incinerator in Anniston? A. Because Anniston was no longer going to 9 be a PCB center of activity. 10 Q. What about the millions of pounds of 11 PCBs that were in the landfill? 12 A. I think there is a definite 13 misunderstanding. The incinerator will 14 burn pumpable liquids. It was not 15 designed to incinerate solid material. 16 Q. Were all the materials in the landfill 17 at Anniston solids? 18 A. The vast majority were solidified or 19 absorbed on solids. 20 Q. What do you mean by the vast majority? 21 A. Let me put it a different way. At no 22 time were liquid PCBs put in drums and 23 hauled up to the landfill. If the 1875 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068486 1 material was a liquid, it was introduced 2 back into the manufacturing process to 3 be recycled, to be recovered, because it 4 was a product. It had some value. The 5 only material sent to the landfill was 6 the material for which there was no 7 known use or no known way to make it 8 useful. And it included the tars that 9 looked like road asphalt. It included 10 dirty rags. It included sawdust with 11 drippage on them, that kind of material. 12 And they in turn were put in sealed 13 containers. So it's erroneous to 14 conceive of leaking, oozing liquid out 15 of drums. 16 (Video concluded.) 17 MR. PRATER: We are done, Your 18 Honor. I can't take any 19 more. 20 MR. FELL: Just one designation to 21 that. 22 QUESTION: "Monsanto 23 landfilled some returned 1876 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068487 1 Aroclors to its own landfill, 2 correct?" 3 ANSWER: "Yes." 4 THE COURT: Anything else at this 5 time? 6 MR. FELL: Judge, I need to 7 proffer those exhibits into 8 evidence. 9 THE COURT: Okay. Ladies and 10 gentlemen, we will be in 11 recess until nine o'clock 12 Tuesday morning. So y'all 13 have a good weekend. 14 (Jury not present.) 15 MR. FELL: Judge, at this time , I 16 would like to offer 17 Plaintiffs' Exhibit 1052, 18 185, 190, 197, 201, 208, 216 19 206, 225, 995, 1224, 9 96 997 20 2048, 1578, 161, 10, 092, 108 21 998, 176, 255, 271, 265, 22 2146, 205, 2055, 273 , 305 f 23 117, 165, 154, 153, 187, 296 1877 2002 01 18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068488 1 and 309. 2 THE COURT: Do those include the 3 two I said I was going to 4 reserve ruling on? 5 MR. FELL: Actually, Your Honor, 6 those were, as I understand 7 it Plaintiffs' Exhibit 391, 8 withdrawn at this time, 9 Plaintiffs' Exhibit 431, 10 which I have not proffered, 11 but I think they have 12 actually been introduced. 13 MR. COX: 439 has not. That was 14 the Rockwell. 15 THE COURT: You are withdrawing 16 that one? 17 MR. FELL: We are withdrawing that 18 one and 146. 19 THE COURT: You are withdrawing 20 all three of those? 21 MR. FELL: Not to the extent they 22 are already into evidence. 23 But I'm not going to offer 1878 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068489 [0011379 -21st] 0 0011379 1775:12 0011402 1775:12 001641 1808:20 001648 1808:20 003895 1789:16 003896 1789:17 011387 1776:15 011802c 1764:23 013776 1781:10,20 013810 1781:3 014379 1783:23 014382 1784:1 018254 1787:1 018255 1787:1 018891 1832:8 018894 1832:9 0236 1759:22 023645 1760:2 023646 1760:4 0237645 1759:21 027590 1873:23 029193 1841:15 029197 1841:15 030358 1844:13 037621 1835:17 037630 1835:18 089995 1797:11 Transcript Word Index 089999 1291 1970 (cont.) 1797:12 1851:13 1821:17 1828:6,12,21 091681 12th 1831:8 1835:20,22 1836:8 1803:19 1850:8 1838:16 1839:17 1840:4 091682 146 1842:7,14 1865:5 1866:14 1803:19 1878:18 1867:6,11 1868:15 1872:13 096865 14th 1872:20,23 1873:6 1764:12 1764:13 1860:3 1971 096866 153 1769:21 1770:12 1781:17 1764:12 1877:23 1879:11 1782:5 1783:11 1790:21 097308 154 1797:7 1844:20 1850:8 1813:20 1877:23 1879:11 1870:19 1874:14 099533 1578 1972 1828:14 1877:20 1879:8 1801:12,18 099534 15th 1973 1828:15 1797:7 1803:14 1806:4 1851:12,14 0n899 161 1974 1797:11 1877:20 1879:8 1841:11 1 165 1975 1:20 1877:23 1879:11 1808:14 1756:1 1756 1987 10,092 1877:20 1879:8 100,000 1824:16 1756:1 176 1877:21 1879:9 1765 1824:8,18 1993 1773:14 1st 10-29-69 1764:23 1789:20 1832:7 1052 1877:17 1879:5 108 17th 1819:20 185 1877:18 1879:5 2001 1889:19 201 2 1877:20 1879:9 10th 1759:18 11-10-69 1775:15 187 1877:23 1879:12 18th 1808:14 190 1877:18 1879:6 202097 1844:12 202103 1846:6 117 1877:23 1879:11 11th 1790:20 1877:18 1879:5 1930s 1770:12 1960s 202106 1844:17 1846:22 2048 1877:20 1879:8 1221 1870:1 1769:22 1965 205 1877:22 1879:10 1224 1877:19 1879:7 1242 1790:13 1837:12 1851:11 1851:23 1852:12,20,21 1814:10 1967 1759:18 1761:2,22 1968 1857:8,19 2055 1877:22 1879:10 206 1877:19 1879:6 208 1860:12 1254 1756:17 1826:11 1871:6 1870:21 1871:15 1798:5,22 1822:10 1837:13 1871:2,3 1969 1764:13 1767:14 1780:14 1813:13 1833:10,15,21 1834:9,15 1835:2 1841:2,6 1857:3 1860:4,8,11 1874:5 1877:18 1879:6 21 1835:21 2146 1877:22 1879:10 1260 1822:10,11 1826:11,12 1837:13 1850:10,19,22 1852:17,19 197 1877:18 1879:6 1970 1757:3 1759:7 1766:6 216 1877:18 1879:6 21st 1836:8 1787:3 1789:20 1819:20 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068490 [22 - alarming] 22 1835:22 225 1877:19 1879:7 22nd 1836:8 23rd 1773:14 255 1877:21 1879:9 25th 1813:13 265 1877:21 1879:10 26th 1835:20 271 1877:21 1879:9 273 1877:22 1879:10 27th 1839:17 1841:11 296 1877:23 1879:12 29th 1821:17 2nd 1801:11 3 30 1769:20 300 1847:3 305 1877:22 1879:11 309 1878:1 1879:12 31 1769:20 391 1878:7 4 4 1781:20 4:45 1915:20 40 1859:5 431 1878:9 439 1878:13 4th 1803:13 1806:4 6 6 1787:3 1842:7 1860:8 60s 1774:6 68 1857:14,20 69 1780:17 1834:16 7 71 1867:13,16 1874:14 7298 1850:9 73 1806:5 75 1853:7 7th 1828:6,11 1851:12 9 995 1877:19 1879:7 996 1877:19 1879:7 997 1877:19 1879:7 998 1877:21 1879:9 9th 1767:14 a a60 1847:3 abatement 1775:16 ability 1777:17 1779:7 1857:6 able 1861:10 1863:5 1901:9 1914:20 absolutely 1835:14 absorb 1862:16 absorbed 1875:19 acceptable 1866:19 accident 1863:19 accidental 1801:22 account 1905:22 accrued 1897:4 accumulation 1793:4 1849:12 accurate 1770:7 1780:13,19 accused 1777:13 acid 1803:7 1815:5 1843:7,13 1860:13 1862:11 1865:13 acids 1795:18 act 1784:12,19 1785:3,13 action 1781:18 1782:2 1892:21 1901:22 activity 1759:1 1786:18 1795:21 1863:15 1873:17 1875:9 actual 1892:17 1893:6 1894:1 1895:11 1908:12 actuality 1893:8 adapt 1898:6 added 1847:9 1849:6 addition 1882:22 1913:7 additional 1823:3 1827:4 address 1831:5 1900:3,11 addressed 1804:14,15,18 1831:4 1860:4 addressing 1809:21 adequacy 1833:22 adjourned 1915:20 admissible 1899:5 1902:7 admit 1895:2 1901:2 admits 1894:14 admitted 1879:3,13 adopted 1831:20 adversary 1854:20 1855:15 adverse 1807:6,10 1808:4 adversely 1815:15 1817:2 advice 1771:15 advised 1765:8 affect 1788:1 1815:15 1817:2 affirm 1896:8 afternoon 1756:5 agencies 1873:4 agency 1865:23 agree 1770:14 1772:14 1785:10 1834:3 1903:20 1912:9 1913:2 agreed 1823:21 1908:1 agreement 1783:4,9 agreements 1783:14 1785:9 agriculture 1872:16 1873:13 ahead 1823:12 1856:16,21 1885:17 1900:16 ailments 1777:12 air 1761:4 1820:3,13,17 1821:5 1866:9,21,23 1867:21 1870:8,14,22 1871:12,17 alabama 1766:22 1767:7 1769:10,16 1769:19 1770:3,10,15 1788:6 1793:20 1794:3 1813:2 1818:14 1819:6 1820:221828:191868:9,22 1869:9,18 1873:21 1889:4 1901:13,19 1906:1 alarm 1787:12,18 alarming 1837:1,6 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068491 [albert - authorities] albert 1808:16 1809:10,22,23 1810:8 albino 1850:11 allegations 1777:2,11,22 1778:3,11 alleged 1776:22,23 1777:6 1890:6 1892:10 alleging 1880:8 1883:8 1893:1 allow 1763:15 allowed 1881:2 1887:17 1913:1 allowing 1801:16,23 alluded 1883:1 altered 1849:7 ambient 1870:8 american 1870:10 amount 1789:4 1802:1 1870:13 amounts 1859:4 analyses 1798:21 analysis 1799:3 1820:9,10 analysts 1868:18 analytical 1844:19 1864:8 anguish 1883:17 1910:23 1911:2 animal 1763:18 1836:16,16 1837:17 1852:23 1882:15 animals 1758:1,9,13 1779:1,15 1806:7 1822:6,16,21 1826:7,17,22 1849:6 animal's 1850:2 anniston 1764:5 1766:22 1767:7 1769:9,15,19 1770:3,9,15 1771:20 1772:1,4 1784:11 1784:16 1785:2 1788:5 1795:13 1796:1 1799:13 1813:1 1814:16 1815:9 anniston (cont.) approaching assist 1818:14,20 1819:6 1820:22 1770:5 1854:19 1855:15 1830:23 1840:16 1842:23 approximately associated 1859:12 1866:5,10 1867:4 1790:7 1858:11 1883:15 1867:8,11,15,19,22 april assume 1873:20 1874:10,19 1875:7 1819:20 1853:7 1794:5 1875:8,17 aquatic assumed announced 1814:1,4,17 1843:6 1902:19 1759:5 area assumes answer 1781:15,22,23 1795:13,15 1882:9 1758:20 1764:8 1768:8 1796:2,11 1798:3 1799:13 assure 1773:16 1774:12 1777:23 1909:14 1912:12 1840:11 1866:18 1778:5,11 1784:20 1800:19 areas atkin 1802:4 1803:4,9 1808:7 1757:9 1800:3 1760:2 1770:3 1801:7 1809:13 1810:9 1811:22 arguing 1813:8 1821:11 1828:3 1814:18 1815:1 1817:19 1885:19 1831:22 1835:8 1839:13 1819:8,9,12 1824:4,15,19 argument 1841:10 1842:3 1844:7 1832:16,19,23 1833:3 1884:22 1872:2 1840:19 1841:1 1843:19 aroclor atmosphere 1855:18 1877:3 1756:17 1757:22 1760:12 1789:14 1795:19 answers 1767:15 1790:13 1798:5,22 atmospheric 1809:15,20 1857:18,21 1815:5 1821:17 1836:13 1870:8 anticipated 1837:12 1842:10,22 1845:5 atsdr 1773:3 1822:1,4,12 1826:2 1846:15 1850:10,19,22 1906:3 1826:5,13 1836:19 1851:11,23 1852:12,17 attach anybody 1857:2 1859:11,13 1860:7 1889:10 1769:11 1776:8 1802:21 1860:12,20 1861:6 1868:16 attachment 1867:3 1912:5 1869:23 1870:20 1871:2,6 1808:23 anymore 1874:6 attachments 1793:12 1800:22 aroclors 1797:8 anytime 1788:1,10 1830:22 1843:2 attempt 1829:5 1843:8 1859:3,9 1868:17 1768:13 1771:22 1869:3 apparently 1868:22 1869:4,5,17 1899:23 1759:19 1765:1 1773:12 1877:1 attempting 1851:6 arrive 1873:4 appeared 1837:14 1838:4 attend 1831:7 arrived 1836:5 appears 1815:10 attended 1756:10 1775:14 1777:7 article 1836:6 1781:3 1808:18 1831:7 attention appelhof articles 1829:18 1830:2 1803:15 1804:10 1805:10 1880:14 1886:14 1900:1 attributed applies asbestos is 1757:7 1765:10 1778:14,17 1895:22 1890:15 audible apply asked 1856:19 1807:22 1881:8 1791:13 1810:3 audit applying asking 1857:16,17 1882:4 1783:13 1834:5 audits appreciate asks 1857:2 1853:14 1802:3 august apprehension asphalt 1790:20 1797:7 1908:8,11 1876:9 authored apprehensions assess 1802:10 1835:18 1890:3,8 1844:23 authorities approached assignment 1869:9 1783:12 1831:13 1830:10 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068492 [authors - cancer] authors bayers biphenyls (cont.) bringing 1775:20 1847:2 1810:11,20 1859:13 1869:5 1760:18 available bcs 1869:10,20,21 brings 1838:21 1839:12 1857:7,16 1789:20 bird 1757:19 1782:17 1819:14 average bearing 1778:12 1852:23 1832:1 1902:16 1769:22 1858:3,4,9 1764:11 1775:9 1781:9 birds broad avoid 1783:22 1786:23 1803:18 1777:10 1778:9 1788:1 1804:16 1763:21 1781:17 1782:1,5 1808:19 1813:19 1828:13 1805:23 1806:1 1807:22 brochures 1807:22 1832:7 1835:16 1841:14 birth 1762:21 avoiding 1844:11 1802:3 bronco 1818:8 bears bit 1901:16 awake 1759:20 1781:2 1828:12 1847:8 brought 1904:16 bed blackboard 1768:11 1793:17 1805:6 aware 1816:13 1863:3 1769:6 1855:7,8 1915:5 1756:15,21 1758:23 1796:1 began blame brown 1812:12 1828:22 1833:11 1815:8 1824:7 1868:7 1843:7 1895:18 1896:5 1898:9 1849:10 1855:18 1865:15 beginning blazing 1907:10 1865:16 1810:10 1811:17 1887:3,10 1795:18 brussels awful belgium blood 1760:10 1821:16 1857:11 1760:10 1892:6 1893:13,21 1894:3 bryant awic belief 1894:20 1896:15 1904:14 1841:12 1829:8 1831:14,16 1822:16 1826:17 1830:8 1904:15 1909:9 bse b back 1844:16 1861:3 1876:2 1899:18 1913:15 bad 1910:15 bank 1847:10 base 1910:22 based 1825:10 1880:23 1882:14 1885:6 1888:19 1891:15 1899:8 1909:3 1915:13 basically 1907:8 basin 1818:7 1864:20 1865:7 basis 1886:2 1888:23 1892:3 1902:12 1907:3 1911:2 basketball 1913:19,22 bate 1775:9 bates 1828:14 1832:7 1835:16 1839:23 1841:14 1844:11 bate's 1759:21 1764:11 1781:3,9 1783:23 1786:23 1789:16 1797:9 1803:18 1808:19 1813:20 believe blue 1890:17 1793:4,8 1795:11 1819:15 1914:5 bunch 1859:2 1861:5 1871:12 bodies 1880:14 1894:16 1840:9,15 1908:14 burden believed body 1903:10 1796:8 1863:4 1771:23 1772:5 1794:15 burdens benignus 1809:3 1810:13,22 1850:2 1771:23 1772:5 1789:21 1801:9 1835:19 1903:10 burn benzene booties 1875:14 1858:17 1771:3 business best borne 1835:5 1757:3 1759:9 1804:15 1778:4 buy 1831:8 1861:18 1867:6 bothered 1888:6 1912:7 1773:23 buyer better bottom 1839:19 1912:17 1837:14,18,21,22 1838:4 1773:16 1790:3 1797:23 c 1838:14 1839:1,12 1866:7 1846:22 1860:19 beyond boy cake 1901:8 1903:17 big 1914:5 bill 1911:7 bran 1765:8 break calandra 1847:15 1853:13 1854:4,22 1855:2 call 1796:23 1848:14 1800:23 1803:6 1823:15,16 1816:15 1837:20 1847:9 billion 1904:13 bio 1849:12 1854:3,17 breaking 1823:10 breathing 1763:22 1879:22 called 1773:10 1776:17 1793:5 1832:5 1858:16 1871:6 biological breeze 1881:8 1849:19 1882:13 biphenyl 1806:19 brief calls 1795:9 1864:21 1764:19 1807:4 1858:18,18 1879:18 1859:4 1869:13 1870:2 bring cameron 1821:15 biphenyls 1783:2 1787:15 1805:20 1829:17 1830:1 1886:19 1887:3,17 1901:10 1914:8 cancer 1898:19 1902:3 1904:21 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068493 [capable - concluded] capable center chow commerce 1794:21,23 1767:13 1875:9 1845:20 1873:14 carbon central chronic commercial 1789:1 1803:7 1803:17 1887:12 1821:23 1826:1 1836:16 1806:20 1871:5 care certain 1850:10 commercials 1801:19 1762:3 1767:2,8 1779:1 circulate 1856:15 careful 1802:7 1868:21 1869:16 1792:7 commission 1863:14 1880:17 1884:3 1893:20 cite 1828:20,21 1868:10,23 carefully 1897:15 1900:1 1890:11 1869:18 1763:14 1846:5 certainly citizens committee Carolina 1771:2 1789:15 1800:7 1765:9 1842:1 1803:16 1791:19 1804:2 1815:17 1817:6,19 claim commonwealth carried 1834:21 1884:17 1910:5 1892:14 1898:10 1907:10 1773:10 1894:8 chance 1908:20 communicable carry 1764:19 1790:22 1867:19 claims 1893:10 1894:9 1780:11 change 1880:6 1897:3,9,11,12 communicate case 1771:6 1899:6 1902:8 1912:14 1869:8 1773:10,13 1883:5 1886:18 changed clapp community 1887:3,13 1889:2,19,20 1849:8 1879:20 1884:12,14 1887:8 1886:7,8 1888:3 1905:13 1890:10,12,13,14,15 characterization 1888:17,21 1899:7,22 1912:19 1891:8,20 1892:8,9,14,23 1816:19 1817:16 1900:20 1913:12 1914:8,18 company 1893:5,18 1894:2,5,11,22 Charlie clarification 1783:3 1801:15 1804:17 1894:23 1895:14,23 1885:18 1772:19 1824:22 1871:14 1836:1 1845:16 1850:8 1896:21 1897:17 1898:14 chemical clarify 1853:7 1900:5 1903:4 1904:5 1774:14 1801:19 1845:16 1869:3 compare 1908:9 1909:20 1912:15 1866:8 clarifying 1781:19 1915:4 chemically 1820:11 1872:3 compared cases 1871:4 clay 1772:23 1775:4 1797:22 1762:8 1773:13 1901:18 chemicals 1863:3 1798:5,13 catch 1788:23 1789:6,7 1858:14 clean comparison 1818:7 1864:20 1865:7,8 chemist 1768:5 1769:2,10 1781:12 1798:2 category 1857:12 1781:14,21 competitive 1870:3 chew cleaning 1846:18,19 cattle 1796:23 1782:5 completely 1757:6,7 Chicago cleanup 1853:15 1854:6 1904:19 causation 1764:16 1862:3 component 1880:16 chicken clients 1859:8 cause 1823:8 1827:9 1845:20 1887:20 concedes 1767:2,8 1787:12 1802:3 chickens clinical 1882:5 1802:13 1813:2,6 1835:4 1779:7,9,14 1793:3 1891:5 conceive 1880:17 1881:12 1882:20 1806:13 1807:19 1837:1 clophen 1876:14 1892:18,21 1898:19 1899:3 1851:12,18,21 1852:13 1847:2 concentration 1901:3,21 1902:2,5 1902:4 clothes 1870:9 1906:17 1910:16 chief 1771:7 concern caused 1804:16 coast 1770:17 1787:22 1775:4 1787:18 1799:22 chloracne 1791:14,16,18 concerned 1833:12 1880:9 1883:9 1811:7 1812:2 coated 1761:3 1783:15 1811:9 caution chlorinated 1845:8 1863:10 1884:21,23 1899:3 1788:16 1764:18 1822:8,9 1826:9 coatings concerning cavenaugh 1826:10 1851:2 1859:13,14 1845:8 1761:9,16 1764:5 1787:13 1787:3,17,20 1869:4,6,9,12 collected 1787:19 1791:11 cc chlorine 1774:16 1863:20 1864:2 concerns 1790:21 1789:2 collection 1765:1 1783:17,18 CCS choccolocco 1816:12 concluded 1789:20 1781:16,23 1821:1 coming 1876:16 1886:8 1758:21 1807:13 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068494 [conclusion - cubic] conclusion 1838:5 1852:16 conclusions 1837:15,23 1850:21 conclusive 1882:16 concur 1896:6 conditions 1788:15 1796:1 1816:2 conduct 1771:18 1888:7 conducted 1779:20 1806:18 1847:12 conference 1870:11 confidential 1819:23 confirm 1827:17,23 1838:1 1847:5 confirmed 1828:2 1830:8 1833:21,21 1847:7 1861:2 confuse 1869:10 confusion 1911:5 connection 1783:9 1824:12 1883:3 consider 1758:6 1799:23 1898:5 1900:9 1905:17 1907:15 1913:2 consideration 1758:11 considered 1759:3 1761:14 1772:13 1774:20 1807:3 1837:5 consistent 1862:14 1882:18 consists 1895:14 consolidated 1773:13 constituted 1801:18 consultant 1824:1,7 consulting 1824:13 contact 1786:19 1807:13 contacted 1758:8 1791:9 1809:23 contacts 1757:23 contained 1757:12 1774:8 1792:16 1793:20 containers 1876:13 contains 1871:4 contaminant 1772:13 contaminants 1805:22 1818:9 contaminated 1756:23 1772:8 1794:16 1795:2 1796:8 contamination 1757:16 1789:13 contention 1887:4,14 contents 1796:14 continual 1773:6 continue 1786:20 1875:2 continued 1762:9 1783:1 1792:14 1811:6 1812:19 1843:18 continuing 1910:3 continuously 1775:3 contracted 1894:18 contracting 1892:16 1893:10 1896:13 1897:5 contribute 1816:1 control 1813:15 1816:7 1866:3,6 controlled 1803:6 controls 1797:22 1798:6,14 conveyed 1788:4 1792:4 conveyers 1792:4 convinced 1914:17 coosa 1794:6,12 copy 1782:22 1829:2 1853:9 1885:10 copying court (cont.) 1769:5 1909:17 1910:5 1912:11 corporate 1913:6 1914:11 1915:7 1766:12 courtroom corporation 1886:21 1764:17 1765:3 1773:12 cover 1808:18 1839:21 1784:2 correct covered 1756:13,14,19,20 1757:17 1859:13 1757:18 1761:5,6 1762:4 cox 1763:4,23 1765:4,11,19 1878:13 1767:22 1768:7 1769:3 craft 1775:17,18 1784:12 1913:8 1789:14 1790:9,14,15 create 1796:5 1797:21 1798:14,18 1787:13 1799:1,4,9,15,19 1800:3,11 created 1802:8 1820:4,18,19 1787:18 1833:16 1834:10 1824:3,5,8,9 1832:19 creating 1833:4,13 1834:6,23 1911:1 1837:2 1840:6,7 1844:20 creatures 1845:3,9 1852:5 1853:10 1777:16 1778:10 1857:3 1860:5,6,14,15,17 creek 1860:21 1863:7 1864:1 1774:3 1781:13,14,21 1867:7 1874:7,8 1877:2 1782:6 1794:8,11,12,16 corrected 1795:4,9 1796:5,7,21 1773:3 1814:2,5,9,17 1815:4,7,15 corresponding 1815:16,19 1816:2,5,8,16 1798:4 1817:3,5,17 1818:11,15,21 corroboration 1819:1,7 1821:1,1 1831:1 1891:4,18 1843:3,5,12,14,21 1844:5 council 1863:12,21,23 1803:18 creeks counterpart 1794:21 1776:10 criminal county 1890:13 1913:19 criteria couple 1881:9 1882:4 1759:6 1781:6 1829:6 critical course 1887:16 1760:16 1789:1,3 1792:15 criticism 1799:20 1818:4 1847:14 1886:3 1848:12 criticize court 1905:12 1756:6 1801:2,5 1823:12 crockett 1823:19 1824:20 1833:8 1785:10,14,19 1786:17 1856:4,11,16,20 1877:4,9 1828:19 1829:12,22 1878:2,15,19 1879:2,14 1831:12,17 1880:20 1883:21 1884:7,19 crockett's 1885:12,14,17 1888:11 1786:6,12,14,22 1889:6,15,21 1890:22 cross 1891:1,13 1892:1 1893:7 1881:1 1894:6 1896:11 1897:18,21 crude 1900:19 1901:23 1902:13 1800:1 1902:19 1903:1,12,16 cubic 1904:3,23 1905:17 1906:5 1870:21 1871:12,17,18,21 1906:11,16 1907:5,21 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068495 [Cunningham - director] Cunningham day 1773:22 1885:23 1888:20 1785:16 1801:1 1858:12 1901:1 1903:10 1912:1,13 1870:16 1879:17 1905:8 1913:22 1914:7 days curious 1825:2,5 1870:16 1773:22 ddd current 1778:19 1785:16 1895:15 1904:7 ddt 1905:4 1822:22 1826:23 customer ddts 1765:2 1777:13 1778:17 customers deacidified 1757:21 1758:7 1761:8,15 1816:13 1761:20 1762:2 1763:21 deal 1766:4,11,14,19 1780:9,14 1793:20 1783:8,13 1840:4,8 deaths customer's 1766:3 1845:12,13 debatable cut 1880:23 1856:15 decades cycles 1762:22 1888:9 1802:6 december d daily 1858:4 1868:8,8 damage 1762:10 1776:23 1777:1 18094 191216 damaged 181221 damages 1777:7 1902:12 dan 1808:15 danger 1893:9 dangerous 1796 9 1901 '3 15 data 1761:9,16 1764:5 1799:8 1823:3,5 1827:4,6,11 1841:16 1847:10 1865:22 1783:11 decide 1912:10 decided 1768:4 1874:19 1889:20 decision 1768:18 1835:7 1874:15 1896:7 decrease 1797:20 1798:4 deemed 1783:19 defects 1802:4 defend 1767:18 defendant 1887:1 1896:9 defense 1767:14 define 1762:20,23 1763:3 1804:4 1805:17 1838:11 dated 1759:18 1764:12 1767:13 1787 3 1789 19 179020 1797:7 1819:20,22 1821:16 1828:11 1832:6 1851:12 1860:3 daubert 1881 '5 17 18863 daughter 1772:7 1811:3 definite 1814:13 1875:12 definitely 1764:1 definition 1811:15 1833:20 definitive 1859:20 deformed 1799:14,22 degradation 1778:18 degree 1821:22 1822:3 1825:23 1826:4 1902:22 deliberate 1772:20 1773:5 1775:3 1801:22 demonstrated 1779:5 dense 1757:10 deny 1827:17,23 department 1756:16 1757:15 1760:9 1810:5 1848:13 1857:3 1864:22 1872:16 1873:13 1873:14,14 1906:2 departments 1858:11 depended 1857:10 dependent 1801:21,23 depending 1789:2 1822:20 1826:21 deposited 1790:7 depositing 1839:9 deposition 1773:9 1803:13 1825:6 1828:5 1835:10 1839:15 1844:9 1853:4 1889:11,14 1894:15 1899:19 1913:16 depositions 1825:3 describe 1783:6 1811:12 1843:22 described 1774:10 1775:2 1811:8 describing 1775:1 designation 1797:9,9,11 1855:21 1876:20 designed 1875:15 desirable 1838:14,17,20 1839:1 destruction 1789:3 detected 1784:16 1785:1 1820:16 1868:18 determination 1843:10 1858:2 determine 1771:22,23 1802:13 1849:5 1863:21 determined 1757:12 1779:21 1897:3 1902:2 detrimental 1799:9 1802:6 develop 1809:6 1867:1 1881:11 developed 1792:11 1839:8,9 1867:18 developing 1866:22 1890:20 1891:9 1892:4 development 1857:13 device 1864:21 devils 1914:5 devised 1767:18 diagnosed 1904:2,4 died 1766:2 1793:9,11 diet 1779:11 difference 1773:4 1794:14,19 1798:7 1869:3 differences 1794:21 different 1801:1 1808:11 1819:3 1845:17 1861:21 1863:18 1875:21 1894:22 1904:19 difficulty 1857:9 dioxide 1803:7 dioxins 1789:10,11 dire 1887:11 1914:10 direct 1776:20 directed 1911:20 direction 1831:16 1900:23 directly 1786:15 1823:23 1842:2 director 1776:6 1831:17 1848:12 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068496 [director - either] director (cont.) disposal doubted e 1853:8 1775:3 1838:13 1862:7 1794:10 1796:4 eagles dirt 1874:6 doubting 1902:4 1862:11 dispose 1796:20 earlier dirty 1817:21 1838:17 1874:10 dp6 1775:2 1790:8,9 1827:17 1819:4 1876:10 disposed 1847:1,2 1828:1 1833:6 1843:20 disagree 1788:10 1803:4 dr 1851:17 1856:18 1864:8 1816:18 disposing 1756:11 1758:23 1759:19 1872:22 1885:22 disagreeing 1788:14 1842:14,16 1769:4 1776:2,5,9,9 early 1854:10 dissent 1797:19 1798:10 1800:7 1757:3 1759:8 1769:20 discharge 1895:13,13,19,21 1896:4 1801:14 1812:6 1847:15,18 1827:18 1873:1 1914:9,13 1772:16 1774:13,18 1800:8 dissenting 1847:18,19,21 1848:12,16 east 1800:14,15 1817:10 1818:1 1896:2 1897:14 1907:7 1848:17 1853:4,5,6,13,13 1791:14,15,18 1846:11 discharged 1908:3 1854:2,4,22 1855:2 1874:22 1793:22 1816:14 dissents 1879:20 1884:12,14 1887:8 eat discharges 1896:4 1888:17,21 1899:7,22 1772:7 1901:8 1794:9 1795:8,10 distance 1900:17 1913:12 1914:8,18 ecological discharging 1868:5 draft 1833:11,17 1834:1,11,13 1816:11 1818:17,20 1819:1 distinction 1768:10 1775:14 1809:14 1835:4 1819:4,7 1772:20 1869:19 1810:5 edema disconnect distinguished drafted 1793:5 1883:19 1795:4 1775:19 1809:19 effect discourage distress drafts 1779:6,8,12,17 1811:11,11 1757:10 1890:6 1891:7 1892:20 1849:9 1811:14,15 1836:22 discouraging 1896:18 1897:9 1898:2 drainage 1849:12 1851:19 1881:13 1823:4 1827:5,12 1899:6 1902:8 1904:7,18 1774:3 1903:9 discuss 1909:2 drawing effective 1787:11 1790:5 1796:13 distributing 1898:14 1788:13 1838:12,21 discussed 1827:18 drippage effects 1796:19 1851:18 1853:21 disturbed 1876:11 1761:19 1764:18 1765:4 1872:6,11,19 1842:19 drums 1767:3,9 1777:9,17 1778:8 discusses ditch 1862:6 1875:22 1876:15 1778:23 1780:11,16,17 1803:5 1828:17 1836:12 1774:3 1816:15 1843:22,23 dry 1806:8 1807:6,10 1808:5 discussing doctor 1844:2,5 1809:2 1810:12,21,23 1812:17 1829:21 1776:3 1881:21 1900:13 dsw 1811:18 1851:3,23 1884:4 discussion document 1781:3,9,20 1783:23,23 effluent 1853:23 1872:7 1759:18 1760:15,17 1764:2 1787:1,1 1862:21 discussions 1764:11 1768:21 1769:1 due effluents 1760:14 1814:11 1849:11 1775:9 1776:12 1777:7 1773:1 1843:12 1858:13 1845:11,23 1849:15,17 1850:12 1852:6 1781:1,2,5,6,8 1782:19 dump efforts 1855:6 1869:15 1783:22 1784:1,2 1786:23 1815:16 1817:5,9 1861:23 1862:3 disease 1787:4 1789:17 1791:1 dumped egg 1880:17 1890:20 1891:10 1813:9 1819:14,17 1821:12 1816:4 1843:14 1807:20 1892:5,16 1893:11 1894:9 1831:23 1832:5 1835:12,16 dumping eggs 1894:17 1895:4 1896:13 1835:18 1859:1,21,23 1815:19 1816:8,20 1817:14 1779:10 1793:1 1806:15 1897:6 1898:3 1904:2 1861:20 1818:15,17 1838:15 1839:2 1827:13 1837:7,8 1851:20 1907:13 documents dumps 1852:14 dismissal 1780:21 1842:15 eggshells 1897:2 doing duplicating 1836:23 dismissed 1896:16 1912:6 1857:10 eight 1896:22 don durland 1803:3 1808:19 1819:16 disorders 1764:15 1842:9 1838:8,10 1839:16 1870:16 1802:14 dosages dyes 1892:1 displayed 1849:7 1815:23 either 1768:20 dose 1756:10 1764:13 1766:13 1882:8 1831:13 1864:19 1881:20 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068497 [either - fact] either (cont.) 1911:14 electric 1782:23 1783:3 1801:15 1808:17 1835:23 1836:7 1839:20 electrical 1810:17 elevated 1772:4 1893:19 1895:7 1909:5,8 eleven 1835:12 eliminated 1789:14 1807:8 elmer 1776:1 1809:18 1848:13 emission 1785:20 emissions 1784:11,15 1785:1,12,21 1865:22 emmet 1756:11,12 emotional 1890:6 1891:6 1892:13,19 1896:17 1897:8 1898:1 1899:6 1902:8 1904:7,18 1909:2 employee 1760:8 1890:16 employer 1890:16 encouragement 1873:8 ended 1816:16 engineer 1813:15 1816:7 engineering 1774:5 enlarged 1811:13 1850:20 ensure 1840:17 enter 1835:6 1842:17 1896:23 entered 1863:22 1897:1 entering 1831:1 entire 1889:13,21 entitled 1887:23 entry evidence (cont.) experimental 1763:18 1894:7 1896:17 1899:9,17 1798:3 environment 1901:11 1903:6,8 1908:5 experiments 1763:12,16 1767:20 exact 1827:16,21 1772:18,21 1774:19 1777:4 1763:3 expert 1801:17 1807:7,11 1808:5 exactly 1879:21 1888:1 1900:17 1840:13,18 1842:17 1837:4 1873:10 1899:21 experts environmental 1902:10 1887:18 1910:14 1760:19 1772:13 1775:16 examination explain 1803:16 1805:21 1842:10 1881:1 1809:6 1844:18 1873:6 example exposed epa 1789:9 1794:22 1795:16 1797:19 1798:11 1807:5 1786:5,15,19 1841:22 1807:14,17 1811:10 1843:7 1808:3 1814:9 1870:15 1905:23 excerpts 1892:11 1893:4 1908:15 epidemiological 1889:11 1909:7 1771:19 excess exposure epidemiologist 1785:15 1762:10,15 1807:23 1811:6 1880:12 excessive 1822:7 1826:8 1850:19 equal 1762:9 1870:17 1872:7 1880:10 1770:17 exclude 1881:14 1882:5,12 1883:9 equate 1879:19 1880:3 1890:21 1891:10,16 1892:5 1880:20 excluded 1892:17 1893:6 1894:1,19 equates 1881:20 1895:11 1896:14 1902:18 1903:14 excuse 1902:20,20 1903:3,7,9,15 equipment 1811:2 1903:17,18,19,22 1908:12 1810:18 excused exposures erroneous 1856:18 1812:20 1876:13 executive expressed error 1832:5,12,15,22 1834:22 1768:23 1782:14 1787:22 1912:4 1835:1 1851:7 expression escape exhibit 1768:16 1777:6 1783:5 1763:15 1801:17 1760:6 1764:23 1767:16 1815:22 1820:5 1859:19 escaping 1773:8 1775:7 1780:22,23 extended 1840:12,18 1782:17 1797:15 1803:12 1807:21 especially 1803:22 1808:21 1828:16 extent 1761:8 1840:10 1849:20 1839:16 1840:2 1842:12 1878:21 essence 1844:9 1851:14 1864:16 external 1760:17 1877:17 1878:7,9 1812:3 essentially exhibiting extracts 1807:7 1821:22 1825:23 1846:16 established exhibits extreme 1806:21 1877:7 1879:5 1890:5 estimate 1766:1 eugene 1813:14 event 1863:19 eventually 1757:11 1763:16 1792:16 1816:16 1828:23 1829:1 1839:7 1842:17,19 evidence 1767:19 1805:20 1877:8 1878:22 1879:13 1890:18 1891:5,18 1893:17 1894:2 exist 1911:3 existing 1785:21 exists 1871:13 1889:22 1892:2 expected 1808:6 1822:15 1826:16 1830:12 1849:19,22 1897:23 experience 1830:8 1857:12 experienced 1857:9 f facility 1774:11 1791:18 fact 1757:7 1769:10 1778:23 1784:17 1787:17 1793:8 1795:7 1798:19 1812:2 1813:23 1815:15 1817:5,13 1818:4 1820:16 1829:21,21 1830:21 1833:15 1836:15 1837:7 1843:10 1851:1,13 1854:7 1858:13 1863:20 1884:13 1886:16 1892:3 1897:21 1909:5,6,7 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068498 [factors - general] factors felt fish (cont.) forth 1815:14 1817:2 1835:6 1786:20 1907:10 1821:7 1887:17 facts fence fisheries forty 1891:19,21 1894:21 1781:16,23 1806:20 1769:21 1780:23 1782:18 1897:15 failed fgi 1775:12,12 1776:15 fishes 1798:2 1799:22 1783:21 1801:4 1856:7 forwarded 1860:21 field fit 1810:7 fair 1766:7 1870:3 found 1805:8 1816:17 1866:2 fifteen five 1756:16 1760:19 1766:9 fall 1860:12 1861:11 1773:8 1801:4 1803:12 1811:19 1820:23 1843:3 1873:1 fifth 1832:2 1841:13 1854:15,16 1845:6 1846:15 1872:9 fancher 1811:21 1856:2,7,13 1859:22 1880:21 1882:7 1847:18 fifty 1864:16 1870:16 1871:21 foundries far 1773:17 1790:17 1797:3,5 1904:12 1795:16 1811:8 1801:9,11 1803:12 1808:14 florida foundry farmed 1813:12 1819:16 1861:14 1806:19 1816:1 1837:8 figures fluid four farrar 1800:9,10,15 1792:2,7 1783:21 1811:21 1819:17 1776:9 filed fluids 1832:4 1845:17 1854:12,14 fat 1879:19 1767:15 1854:15 1857:23 1820:3,13,17 1821:9 final focus fourteen 1849:20,23 1799:6 1896:20 1845:15 favor finally focuses fred 1896:9 1793:16 1896:11 1839:18 favorable finding follow free 1836:18 1816:21 1830:17 1831:14 fda findings following frye 1872:4,6,8,11,11,14,14 1757:5 1763:11 1827:17 1785:9 1855:12 1881:5,18 1886:4 1873:15 1828:1 1853:23 1854:11 follows full fear finds 1793:16 1874:2 1888:23 1891:3,15 1892:4 1818:11 1850:1 food fully 1892:16 1896:12 1897:4 fine 1757:23 1758:8,12 1763:19 1853:14 1908:22 1804:5 1909:12 foot fumes fears finish 1870:22 1871:17 1795:18 1890:4,9 1856:17 force fuming february fires 1872:17 1873:2 1866:20 1759:18 1764:12 1801:11 1795:18 forefront functional fed first 1915:6 1776:7 1806:7 1852:3 1760:21 1761:13,14 foreseeable furans federal 1762:17 1765:6,12,15 1838:12 1789:8 1784:12,18 1785:3 1806:19 1768:3,13 1775:11 1781:1 forgot further 1873:17 1781:2,6,12 1782:11 1848:9 1824:21 1849:2 1891:20 feed 1783:7,12 1787:9 1790:3 forgotten 1897:19,20 1757:23 1758:8 1763:18 1791:8 1797:23 1799:18 1779:11 future 1792:17,18 1845:20 1803:23 1808:22,23 1810:9 form 1786:4 1838:12 1888:23 feeding 1814:3,8,9 1815:7 1833:19 1902:11 1907:3 1908:22 1911:18,22 1852:12 feel 1761:7 1838:16 feelings 1905:5 fell 1756:8 1800:23 1801:3 1823:11,20 1855:20 1876:20 1877:6,15 1878:5 1878:17,21 1836:4 1838:2 1853:12 formed 1858:8 1860:23 1865:11 1788:23 1873:7 1871:15 1872:10 1889:9,16 former 1890:2 1885:14 fish formulating 1761:4 1767:20 1772:7 1763:6 1791:20,22 1792:13,15 formulation 1793:19 1794:22 1795:2 1757:22 1758:8 1797:19 1798:11 1799:12 formulators 1814:1,4,17 1820:3,13,17 1792:17 g gallons 1860:12 1861:9,11,14 1865 12 games 1913:19 gbrn 1808:20,20 general 1782:23 1783:2 1792:20 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068499 [general - hodges] general (cont.) gotten 1801:15 1835:23 1836:7 1857:21 1849:14,16 1850:15 government 1880:15 1854:21 1855:17 1873:4 generalized governmental 1890:3,8 1908:7,11 1865:23 1870:12 generally graham 1805:9,12 1820:19 1787:10 1789:21 gentlemen granted 1824:20 1877:10 1889:3 1910:6,7 george grantham 1887:10 1889:18 1892:15 1893:7,9 georgia 1893:14 1894:4,6,14,23 1757:6 1895:5,20 1897:16 1900:5 getting 1902:14 1761:3 1863:12 1882:13 grantham's 1911:16 1892:4 give gray 1775:10 1790:16 1800:8,10 1909:13 1912:12 1915:16 1809:13 1829:15,23 1899:2 1915:17 given grazing 1758:11 1771:3,15 1861:3 1757:8 giving great 1774:22 1809:9 1793:20 1815:17 1817:6 glad 1905:11 1841:7 greater glean 1821:22 1822:3 1825:23 1885:20 1826:4 gloves grounds 1771:3 1880:1 1910:4 go group 1764:3 1774:3 1797:10 1768:12 1776:7,10 1852:3 1817:22 1823:12 1856:16 1864:7,9 1869:13,17 1856:21 1874:20 1885:17 1871:9 1873:7 1891:20 1899:5 1907:5 groups 1911:17 1913:15 1766:10 1778:15 goes growth 1770:20 1799:3 1837:11 1757:11 1893:8 1897:14,18,20 guess 1901:12 1902:10 1903:16 1763:1 1773:22 1843:15 going 1875:5 1914:4 1756:6 1757:21 1772:11 guidelines 1773:7 1775:6 1780:21 1845:7 1785:20 1786:14 1795:18 gulf 1801:1,5 1816:15 1849:1,2 1806:18 1859:21 1875:8 1878:3,23 guy 1880:18 1882:6 1885:2,6 1914:2 1888:14,21 1889:8 1892:12 h 1899:18 1905:12 1911:6 1912:9 1913:6,11,14,18 1914:12,23 1915:8,10 good 1766:1 1774:5 1798:21 1823:9 1877:13 gordon 1847:19 half 187T11 hand 1775:6 1780:21 1783:20 1797:2,4 1906:5,7,11 handle 1763:14 1874:6 handling 1787:14,19 handwritten 1781:4,13 handwrote 1782:11 happen 1911:18 happened 1792:22 1793:9 1860:16 1861:3,16 happening 1888:2 happens 1901:21 happy 1912:1 hard 1816:21 1913:21 1914:13 harlan 1879:14 harm 1807:15 1819:2 harmful 1767:20 harmless 1783:4,9,14 hatch 1779:10 1793:1 1806:16 1837:7 hatchability 1827:13 1836:22 1851:19 1851:20 1852:1,14 hatched 1779:22 hatching 1807:20 hauled 1862:7 1875:23 hazards 1762:4 1764:6 hb 1859:5 hcgih 1871:10,11 head 1847:14 1862:11 1873:8 headed 1842:22 heads 1856:20 health 1756:16 1757:15 1761:18 1762:3 1764:6 1771:19 1803:16,17 1810:22 1811:11 1886:10 1887:22 health (cont.) 1901:4 1902:6 1906:2 hear 1883:23 1887:23 heard 1805:14,16 1871:15 1883:18,21 1884:6 1895:9 hearing 1887:20 heart 1901:17 1915:3,5 heat 1791:23 heated 1792:1,7,9 heavy 1840:11,17 held 1783:15 1836:7 1857:17 helms 1824:14 help 1816:22 1849:5 1886:21 1887:18 1888:12 helping 1913:7 herds 1756:19 hesitate 1811:3 hesitating 1867:12 hesitation 1858:13 1872:13 high 1799:13 1803:5 1806:6 1812:19 1822:7 1826:8 1851:1 higher 1822:8,9 1826:9,10 1851:2 1852:1,2,12,21 highlighted 1889:23 1915:13 highly 1788:18,19 1863:4 hill 1881:9 1882:4 hinton 1889:4 1902:11,16,19 history 1866:4 hiv 1898:5 1907:16,17 hodges 1776:11,11 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068500 [hold - intentional] hold ibt (cont.) incidences 1763:1 1783:4,8,14 1800:6 1848:11,22 1850:9,9 1865:18 1891:2,14 1851:8,9,12 1855:14 incident honor idea 1758:5 1765:11,18,21 1756:8 1758:14 1771:12 1769:11 1807:20 1869:8 1766:5,8,15,23 1772:23 1802:19 1832:11 1833:7 identification 1791:14,15 1864:14 1855:22 1856:3,9 1876:18 1759:17 1764:10 1775:8 1865:11,15 1869:2 1872:5 1878:5 1879:15 1880:2 1783:22 1790:17,18 1797:3 1872:12 1893:12 1881:3,18 1882:23 1885:10 1797:4,6 1801:8 1808:13 incidentally 1888:19 1899:23 1902:9 1813:11 1819:15 1821:13 1795:23 1909:16,22 1910:2,13 1828:4 1832:2 1835:9 incidents hope 1839:14 1842:5 1844:8 1865:16 1801:3 1839:6 1850:7 1851:5 1853:3 incinerate hoped 1859:23 1875:15 1798:23 1836:19 identified incineration hosmer 1805:21 1788:11,13,17,21 1803:6 1784:3 1790:19 1791:8 identify 1839:7,8 1794:7 1795:22 1796:3,10 1844:23 1860:1 incinerator 1796:15 ignores 1874:6,9,21 1875:7,13 hospital 1896:16 1897:21 include 1898:4 1907:14 ii 1762:6 1878:2 hour 1901:16 included 1870:16 illinois 1762:18 1763:13,17 huh 1770:16 1874:22,23 1811:14 1818:2 1820:2,12 1846:7 illness 1873:12 1876:8,9,10 human 1880:9 1881:15 1882:21 including 1763:19 1809:3 1810:12,21 1883:8 1905:1 1908:19,22 1759:13 1784:4 1813:18 1820:3,13,17 1821:9 1909:1 1867:3 1886:10 illnesses inconclusive humans 1793:3 1883:14 1906:18 1890:22 1891:12 1758:1,9,13 1761:10,17 imagine incorrect 1764:6 1802:14,15 1813:3 1868:4 1888:13 1907:19 hundred immediately increased 1765:23 1772:9 1793:22 1768:7 1769:3 1812:10,13 1903:12 1860:12 1861:11,14 implemented 1910:17,18 1904:13 1865:2 1867:19 increasing hundreds imply 1805:19 1865:11 1886:12 1834:13 indicate hunt important 1789:12 1790:12 1802:22 1848:14 1758:2 1783:19 1789:13 1822:14 1826:15 hurt 1825:8 1840:9 1886:17 indicated 1772:11 1895:21 1767:3 1796:3 1806:14 hydrochloric importantly indicates 1803:7 1883:1 1768:3 1797:19 1798:19 hydrogen impression 1799:12 1874:3 1789:1 1786:16 1814:13 1830:14 indicating hydrogenated 1830:16 1764:7 1846:7 1858:18 impressions indication hygienists 1830:5 1800:1 1870:12 1871:9 improper indiscriminate i ib 1851 7 iht 1806:10,12 1836:13,18 1837:18 1845:21 1847:11 1788:17,21 1838:15 1839:2 improvement individual 1828:20 1868:9,23 1869:18 1804:22 1805:6 1880:6 inadvertently individuals 1911:15 1830:9 1847:13 1855:5 1888:6 industrial 1774:14 1795:15,21 1796:2 1796:11 1845:15 1854:2 1870:11,12 1871:9 industry 1801:20 1814:21 1866:7 inert 1850:3 inerteen 1809:2 1810:11,14,15,20 infectious 1898:3 1907:13 infliction 1897:11 informally 1873:7 information 1760:21 1762:7,18 1766:17 1766:19 1780:12 1788:4 1805:10 1806:23 1818:23 1837:10 1847:9 1865:21 1884:18 1886:20 1905:20 1906:23 1907:20 1909:3 1910:20 1911:10 informed 1888:5 1912:16 initiated 1784:10 injuries 1783:16 1813:3 injury 1762:14 1763:2 1807:15 1812:4,9,15 1880:8 1889:1 1895:8 inquiries 1765:1 inquiry 1764:17 1804:14 installation 1864:19 installed 1818:5 1865:5,7 1874:13 instances 1908:13 instruct 1913:5 instructed 1766:7 instruction 1910:10 1912:3 1913:9 intend 1787:12 intent 1838:4 1867:2 intentional 1897:10 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068501 [interagency - leak] interagency jennsen kelly known 1872:17 1873:2 1833:23 1756:11,12 1758:23 1765:11,17 1780:11,15 interest jenssen 1759:19 1848:12 1802:21 1876:7,7 1898:19 1815:17 1817:6,17,20 1760:23 kentucky 1905:15 1818:3,8 jere 1773:11 1914:2 krummrich interested 1887:9 keplinger 1866:23 1867:18 1805:12 1817:23 jessee 1847:17,18 kuhn interim 1828:8 kept 1813:16________________ 1785:11 1823:3 1827:4 job 1904:16 I interior 1873:13 internal 1868:20 international 1773:11 interpret 1855:8 interpretation 1821:21 1825:22 introduced 1791:22 1792:13 1876:1 1878:12 1893:17 1903:6,8 introduction 1772:21 1773:5,6 involve 1880:6 1912:15 involved 1763:10 1776:2 1802:1 1805:1,5 1837:12 1843:8 1847:13 1848:1,7,10 1849:20 1858:14 1873:17 involvement 1763:5,9 1848:19,22 1849:10 irrational 1814:19 1886:11 island 1779:19 issue 1805:5 1873:6 1886:15 1887:5,12 1897:8 item 1781:20________________ j jack 1861:8 jacket 1792:6,12 jacketed 1792:5 january 1821:16 1835:19,21 1836:8 1870:19 japanese 1765:9 1866:7 john 1790:21 1791:9 join 1855:5 joined 1848:4 1897:13 jot 1768:13 jotted 1769:6 journal 1886:13 judge 1823:20 1877:6,15 1885:23 1912:2 1914:1 judgment 1889:2 1896:8 1897:1 july 1787:3 1839:17 jump 1900:15 june 1851:12,14 jury 1756:3 1823:18 1877:14 1886:22 1887:19,23 1898:12 1907:12 1911:5 1913:1,5 justice 1895:16,17,17 1896:1 1897:19 1898:8,9 1907:6,9 1907:9 justices 1895:16 1896:3,5 1907:22 juvenile 1779:23 1806:21 1807:15 k kaneclor 1847:3 kc 1847:3 keep 1801:5 1823:14 1848:23 1863:8 keller 1819:19 killed 1780:3 kimbrough's 1854:2 kind 1774:14 1797:1 1806:23 1810:22 1863:14 1876:11 1908:20 1911:1 1913:21 kinds 1777:3,12,15 1795:17 1886:20 knew 1761:20,21 1814:16 1818:16 1830:22 1833:16 1834:9,15,19,22 1842:13 1872:8 1911:7 know 1766:2,6,10 1767:1 1768:8 1769:4,17,23 1772:6 1775:19,23 1776:1,23 1782:19 1783:7 1785:19,23 1786:9,11,13 1793:11 1794:3 1795:9 1804:10,13 1805:3,7,13 1811:12 1812:5 1814:6 1815:7 1818:16,23 1822:22 1823:5 1824:23 1826:23 1827:6 1829:8 1831:2 1832:14 1834:16 1837:4,20 1838:19 1839:22 1841:21 1846:3,19 1847:7 1848:4,6 1854:4,22 1858:22 1864:5,10 1865:4 1866:15 1867:21 1872:6,8 1872:10 1879:15 1883:22 1884:19 1886:1 1898:21 1899:20 1902:1,18 1905:6 1907:23 1909:17 1912:14 1914:20 knowing 1815:11 knowingly 1774:13 knowledge 1761:14 1766:18 1771:21 1772:2 1784:21 1811:1 1865:10,14,20 1866:1 1873:22 labels 1763:6 1780:11 laboratories 1854:8,9 laboratory 1760:20 1779:20 1806:20 1820:8 1847:15 1848:3 1857:11 1898:20 1902:3 lack 1866:3,6 lacking 1839:12 ladies 1824:20 1877:9 lagoon 1774:1 land 1757:8 landfill 1769:14 1838:13,18,20 1839:10 1840:10 1862:7 1873:20 1875:11,16,23 1876:5 1877:1 landfilled 1876:23 landfilling 1803:10 landfills 1840:4 landwehr 1781:9 1782:8,15 1828:18 language 1817:15 late 1873:1 laundry 1819:4 law 1901:13 laws 1889:5 lawsuits 1776:20 leaders 1778:14 leak 1773:2 1775:4 1792:11 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068502 [leak - mary] leak (cont.) life local 1865:8 1788:2 1805:23 1806:2,17 1800:19 1816:15 1831:7 leakage 1814:2,4,17 1843:4,11 locate 1862:4 1844:4 1844:23 leaking lifeless located 1862:20 1876:14 1814:14 1791:19 1795:14 1840:5 learn lifestyle 1846:11 1814:3,8 1860:23 1873:5 1898:6 london learning lifetime 1759:20 1805:12 1829:20 1870:17 long left limestone 1769:18 1792:9 1807:3 1756:7 1815:22 1825:19 1816:12 1818:6 1862:20,21 1809:4 1856:3 1879:16,17 1854:10 1873:15 1862:23 1863:3 1864:20 longer legal limine 1762:11 1796:17 1801:2,3 1776:17 1889:12 1875:8 leghorn limit look 1836:23 1851:11,18,21 1785:20,22 1874:16 1764:19 1767:11 1780:7 1852:13 limited 1790:22 1797:13 1802:2 legs 1871:8 1803:2,20 1836:2 1838:6 1797:1 limiting 1850:4 1851:4 1853:1 lengths 1857:4 1910:10 1912:3 1881:16 1895:12 1905:11 1913:8 looked letter line 1876:9 1880:13 1756:11 1759:19 1764:14 1860:19 1869:11 1898:14 looking 1787:2 1788:8 1789:12,18 1909:13 1911:23 1915:16 1780:8 1798:16 1805:10 1790:19 1796:14 1797:7,10 1915:19 1825:11 1829:9 1838:3 1797:17 1798:9 1799:11 lines 1857:23 1885:18 1889:17 1801:12 1803:14 1804:1,3 1757:9 1890:10 1908:2,4 1804:4,6,20 1805:3,19 linked looks 1806:3 1808:15,19 1810:1 1778:22 1835:11 1813:13 1829:2 1839:17 liquid loss 1853:10,13 1855:1 1884:8 1839:5 1875:22 1876:1,14 1835:5 1858:3 1860:11 1884:10 1904:10 1905:9 liquids losses letters 1810:16 1862:17 1875:14 1858:4,10 1868:8,16 1869:14 1898:15 1905:9,18 list lost 1906:22 1810:1 1861:12 level listless lot 1779:12 1780:6 1785:11,16 1799:15 1795:20 1814:20 1857:11 1852:1,2,12,21 1870:18 literally louis 1890:5 1891:6,17 1892:19 1886:12 1835:22 1846:12 1874:22 1893:19 literature low levels 1762:22 1779:21 1780:6 1770:17 1779:11,21 1780:4 litigation lying 1798:5,13 1799:13 1800:15 1855:9 1862:9 1806:7 1822:7 1826:8 little lyon 1845:6 1851:1 1857:7 1847:8 1903:17,21 1914:9 1907:9 1868:3 1895:7 1903:13 1914:12 lyons 1909:8 liver 1895:17 1896:5 1898:9 levinskas 1848:16,17 1850:6 1851:5 1762:7,10,19 1811:13 1812:4,9,10,13,14,20 m 1853:2,4 liability 1776:18 liable 1783:15 1813:3 1851:3 1854:1 livers 1822:6 1826:7 1850:20 living 1761:5 1756 12 marhinp 1845 11 magazine 1791:10 magnitude 1845:1 1847:6 maintain 1892:13 maintenance 1773:1 major 1859:2,7 majority 1875:18,20 1908:4 making 1835:7 malloy 1861:8 mammals 1805:22 1806:1 1822:22 1826:23 man 1796:22 manager 1795:23 1831:4 mandated 1774:6 manifest 1883:8 1904:2,4,6,18,20 manifestation 1908:16,18,21,23 manner 1774:9 manufacture 1769:18 manufactured 1770:9 manufacturing 1770:1 1845:17,18 1876:2 march 1808:14 1813:13 1842:6,14 1860:8 marine 1788:2 1805:23 1806:2,17 mark 1773:7 1780:22 1801:7 1803:12 1808:13 1813:10 1813:11 1819:23 1821:13 1828:3 1835:8 1839:13 1842:4 1844:7 1857:22 1859:22 marked 1783:20 1790:16 1797:2,5 1850:6 1853:2 marketing 1760:9,12 1804:23 marks 1777:8 mary 1803:15 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068503 [material - necessarily] material 1774:15 1792:3,8 1849:4 1849:23 1858:10,20 1861:15 1862:1,6,19 1863:6,22 1875:15 1876:1 1876:5,6,11 materials 1772:17 1776:21 1788:19 1788:20 1795:17 1796:11 1858:19 1859:17,18,20 1875:16 matter 1880:4 1884:13 1902:21 1912:23 meal 1791:20,22 1792:13,15 mean 1758:17 1778:7 1779:8 1780:1 1808:9 1812:16 1829:1,6 1841:18 1855:9 1870:11 1871:3 1875:20 1882:6 1894:10 1903:3 1906:12 meaning 1852:3 means 1841:20 1863:8 meant 1765:12 1812:8 1822:23 1827:1 1854:4,23 1855:2 measure 1857:6 media 1831:13 1841:18 medical 1771:9 1793:5 1810:4 1848:13 1853:8 1881:21 1886:6 1900:13 medically 1810:2 meet 1854:17 meeting 1785:8 1835:23 1836:6,10 1853:14,18,22 1854:5,10 meetings 1766:8 member 1810:4 memo 1756:15,22 1758:18,19 1761:2 1765:1 1767:12 1784:2 1790:19 1793:14 1815:18 1816:5 1819:22 1860:1 1862:8 1869:1 memoranda 1828:10 1868:20,20 1869:14 memorandum 1756:10 1764:13 1767:4 1819:17 1821:14,19 1827:15 1828:7,11,13 1829:3,4,14 1836:5 1841:11,13 1842:7 1860:2 1861:1 1864:16 memory 1861:13 1885:21 memos 1868:14 mental 1883:17 1910:23 1911:2 mention 1803:9 1813:23 mentioned 1762:3 1873:2 mentions 1836:15 mere 1892:15 1903:18 meter 1871:12,19,21 meters 1872:1 method 1788:14 1818:1 1838:21 methodology 1840:21 1841:5 1881:4 metrics 1871:23 mice 1898:20 1902:3 michigan 1803:17 mid 1833:15,21 1834:9 middle 1798:9 1811:16 1813:21 1867:16 1868:14 milk 1756:18,22 1757:6 1820:4 1820:14,18 1821:10 miller 1828:7,18 milligram 1870:21 1871:11,16 milligrams 1872:1 million 1770:5 1772:9 1793:23 1852:4 1857:7 millions monsanto (cont.) 1770:8 1875:10 1831:14,20 1833:11,16,20 mind 1834:9,19 1835:2 1836:19 1759:10 1831:10 1863:8 1837:16 1838:16 1840:15 1869:22 1841:16 1843:9 1844:19 minimum 1845:15,23 1847:5,5,12 1770:8 1774:11,12 1848:5,10 1850:8,13,21 minute 1851:9 1852:7,16 1853:7 1773:19 1823:14 1885:20 1854:20 1855:5,14 1857:1 minutes 1859:12 1861:10 1863:5,10 1801:4 1856:2,14 1863:20 1865:21 1866:2 mishap 1868:7,21 1870:5,10 1775:5 1871:6 1872:4,10 1873:19 mister 1874:9 1875:6 1876:22 1812:7 1888:8 1892:8,23 mists monsanto's 1763:23 1759:4 1766:14 1768:17 misunderstanding 1769:15 1780:14 1785:21 1875:13 1795:14 1810:4 1814:22 misunderstood 1815:9 1820:7 1840:3 1875:4 1845:4,5 1846:14 1848:20 mixed 1874:4 1862:10 month mixture 1787:10 1789:6 1871:5,8 months monitor 1759:6 1829:7 1840:9,15 morning monitoring 1877:12 1771:9 1781:22 1863:14 motion monochlor 1879:19 1885:9,12,15 1870:2 1886:1 1889:12 monochlorinated motor 1869:21 1813:6 mons moving 1764:11,12 1797:11 1900:22 1803:18 1813:20 1828:14 muriatic 1841:14 1844:12,12,16 1843:7,13,13 1846:6,22 n monsanto 1758:6 1760:8,21 1761:3 1761:14,21 1762:3 1763:7 1763:20 1764:4 1765:7 1766:4,18,21 1767:6,18 1768:4,20 1769:1,10,18,20 1770:1,9,18 1771:18,22 1772:3,16 1779:5 1782:5,7 1782:10,23 1783:7,13 1785:19 1788:5 1790:6 1799:9 1802:12,22 1804:11 1804:13,17,23 1805:11 1806:5 1812:23,23 1813:16 1814:3,7,15 1815:18 1816:6,8,10 1817:14,18 1818:5,13,16,19,23 1819:5 1820:2,6,21 1824:1 1827:20 1829:23 1830:17 nagging 1853:16 name 1847:20 named 1848:6 naturally 181723 nature 1776:22 1848:19,21 ncr 1761:8,20 near 1840:5,10,16 1843:3 1868:2 necessarily 1808:9 1883:23 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068504 [necessary - page] necessary number (cont.) Ohio operation (cont.) 1892:20 1785:14 1787:1 1803:18 1756:16,19 1757:15 1758:5 1875:2 need 1808:19 1813:20 1819:21 oil operators 1802:22 1856:18 1877:6 1828:14 1829:15 1832:8 1765:8 1792:14,19 1887:7 1898:17 1901:5 1835:16 1838:8,10 1839:16 oils opinion needs 1841:14 1850:9 1851:13 1757:10,12 1813:6 1845:11 1768:23 1801:16 1807:3 1888:3 1909:19 1854:16 1860:20 okay 1897:14 1898:7 1907:7 negative numbers 1757:14 1760:7,11 1761:2 1908:3,5 1893:15 1789:16 1839:23 1844:11 1763:9 1766:4 1767:6,17 opinions neighborhood numerous 1769:9 1770:14 1771:12,18 1883:12 1898:8 1796:12 1813:5 1784:4________________ 1773:7,20 1775:12,14 oral nesbitt o 1900:17,19 neutralization 1818:6 1862:3,12 1864:23 1865:6 nev 1759:21,21 1760:4 1789:16 1873:23 new 1837:10 newly 1779:22 news 1780:18 1800:11,17 1831:13 newspaper 1800:20 1884:4 night 1795:20 1904:17 1913:20 1914:6 nine 1773:17 1775:7 1877:11 1914:14 nodding 1856:21 normal 1870:15 normally 1862:6 north 1791:19 noted 1779:13 1792:23 notes 1769:6 1781:4 notices 1898:22 1899:1 notified 1780:10,15 november 1780:14 1850:7 1860:3,11 number 1759:21 1764:11 1765:9,22 1773:8 1775:9 1780:5 1781:3,9 1782:18 1783:23 objected 1905:3 objection 1771:11 1833:6 1910:3 1911:14 observation 1814:11 observations 1799:21 1800:1 observed 1822:5 1826:6 1843:5 obviously 1785:13 1834:6 occasional 1772:23 1773:4 occur 1808:6 occurred 1766:9 1792:21 occurring 1865:17 occurs 1773:1 o'clock 1877:11 1914:15 October 1789:19 offer 1877:16 1878:23 offered 1769:7 office 1786:5,6,12,14,22 1810:7 1873:9 officer 1804:17 official 1768:19 officially 1780:10 oh 1759:6 1764:1 1765:22 1796:22 1811:23 1848:17 1776:8,12 1777:21 1778:21 1850:10 1861:2 1779:3,14 1780:7 1782:4 order 1784:6 1793:13 1794:7 1837:18 1795:7 1796:3 1798:17 organic 1799:6,11 1800:5 1801:7 1815:23 1858:4,10,20 1801:16 1802:2 1803:23 1859:3,8,17,19 1864:8 1804:5,13,20 1805:8,18 organics 1808:2 1809:13,19 1810:9 1858:16 1810:19 1811:16,23 organization 1812:12 1813:8,21 1814:8 1787:21 1815:3,13 1816:17 1818:13 oriented 1820:21 1821:11 1823:22 1810:2 1827:14,23 1828:3,17 original 1829:4,11,20 1830:7,14,17 1889:12 1830:20 1831:11,19,22 otis 1832:11 1836:4 1837:11 1847:18 1838:6 1840:3 1842:3,13 ought 1842:21 1843:17 1845:4 1844:2 1846:10 1847:4 1851:16 outer 1852:2,15 1853:9 1854:12 1792:6,11 1855:13 1857:5,23 1858:2 outline 1858:21 1860:10 1861:16 1775:15 1861:22 1862:8,19 1863:10 outlining 1863:20 1864:17 1865:1,4 1786:3 1865:10 1866:9,12,15 outrage 1867:5,21 1868:19 1869:7 1890:7 1892:22 1896:11 1870:4,23 1875:3 1877:9 1897:9 1898:10 1906:10 1879:2,14 1888:11 1891:13 1907:4,11 once outrageous 1840:20 1841:5 1850:1 1888:10 1889:8 outside ones 1867:22 1779:3 1806:10 overexposure oozing 1812:3 1876:14 overruled open 1833:8 1759:13 oxygen openly 1789:2,4________________ 1775:4 operate 1792:15 operating 1804:17 1858:15 1893:12 operation 1859:15 1861:6 1865:8 P p.m. 1756:1 1915:20 pacemakers 1901:17 page 1759:17 1768:3 1773:17,17 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068505 [page - plan] page (cont.) part (cont.) pcbs (cont.) person 1776:15 1781:5,7,20 1857:6 1868:14 1872:23 1779:6,16,22 1780:4,16 1804:19 1805:2 1811:8,9 1782:12,14 1784:1,7 1874:4 1912:14 1783:10 1787:19 1788:14 1834:21 1848:6 1870:14 1785:6 1786:2,23 1788:8 particular 1788:17,21 1790:6 1791:11 personal 1789:17 1790:3,4,11,12 1777:11 1805:6 1858:15 1792:12,16 1793:18,20 1808:16 1814:11 1819:22 1797:23 1798:9 1799:11 1882:20 1883:5 1897:5 1794:16 1797:20,20 1880:8 1910:22 1808:19,22,23 1811:16 1908:19,23 1798:11 1799:14 1801:17 personally 1819:17 1821:14 1828:13 particularly 1802:13 1805:1,13,14 1766:6,10 1769:5 1786:1 1832:4 1835:12,13,15 1756:17 1837:1,6 1806:6,14 1807:19 1813:2 1817:8 1834:16 1848:2 1836:12 1838:6,9,10 parties 1815:19 1818:15,17,20 perspective 1841:13 1842:21 1846:6,8 1756:2 1823:17 1819:1,7 1820:16,23 1774:4 1846:21 1854:12,14 1858:8 parts 1821:21 1822:8,14,21 peru 1860:2 1873:23 1874:2 1772:9 1793:23 1825:2,7 1825:22 1826:9,15,22 1791:22 pages 1852:3 1904:13 1833:16,21 1834:10,12 phase 1773:9 1781:2,7 1797:8 pass 1836:22 1838:17 1839:5 1758:22 paid 1768:13 1840:5,12,17 1842:14,16 phenoclor 1824:11 pasteurize 1842:16 1845:5 1846:14 1847:1,2 paint 1792:1,10 1849:13 1851:19 1853:15 phil 1757:16,22 1758:7 pathologist 1854:17 1857:6,18 1858:4 1848:8 paints 1847:19,21 1858:16 1861:10,17 1862:9 philip 1759:14 pathologists 1863:11 1865:12 1868:2 1848:6 panic 1854:1 1870:6,9 1871:5 1872:18 phrase 1787:13,18 pathology 1873:3,18,19 1874:10 1763:17 papageorge 1854:19 1875:11,22 1880:14,16 physically 1756:12 1759:16 1775:6 patient 1882:20 1883:15 1886:9 1904:15 1782:17 1783:21 1784:5 1894:8 1887:7,22 1892:11 1893:4 piccorello 1787:2 1789:18 1790:17,20 patients 1893:6,20 1898:18 1901:2 1791:10,13 1793:17 1797:3,5 1801:10,13 1881:22 1901:15 1902:2 1904:14 pick 1803:13,14 1808:14,15,22 patient's 1905:15 1909:7,9 1910:15 1756:7 1825:18 1813:12,19 1819:16,18,20 1892:6 1894:19 1896:14 peck picked 1821:14 1828:5,9 1832:1 paul 1759:23 1760:3 1770:2 1825:1,6 1835:10 1839:15,18 1842:6 1776:11 1871:14,20 1900:21 picture 1842:8,13 1857:23 1859:22 pcb 1909:19 1915:2 1869:10 1865:20 1868:7 1758:22 1762:14 1763:7,22 pensacola piece paper 1775:15 1779:11 1781:14 1779:19 1837:10 1831:7 1845:8,8 1781:22 1783:16 1784:11 people pit papers 1785:12 1786:17 1787:11 1765:20 1766:2 1793:5 1816:12 1862:4,12,21,22 1882:17 1792:2,7 1798:4,13 1802:3 1814:12 1848:14,20 1880:7 1864:21,23 1865:6 paragraph 1803:3,6 1807:12 1808:2 1887:14 1900:6 1901:4 place 1757:19 1763:11,14 1765:7 1832:6,13 1833:12 1835:3 perceived 1880:5 1765:12,15 1767:4 1780:7 1835:20 1837:16 1845:1 1839:10 1875:2 plaintiff 1785:5,5 1787:9,23 1788:9 1847:6,10 1851:2 1858:23 percent 1893:22 1897:22 1907:15 1788:16 1791:8 1793:13 1864:22 1865:22 1866:3 1798:7 1911:12 1799:18 1800:5,6 1805:18 1867:15 1868:8 1870:3,13 performed plaintiffs 1807:2 1811:17,22 1813:22 1870:20 1871:1 1873:5 1899:13 1855:21 1877:17 1878:7,9 1821:20 1822:18 1823:2 1874:16 1875:9 1880:9 period 1879:4,22 1882:1,3 1883:6 1825:21 1826:19 1827:3 1883:9 1809:4 1857:13 1874:14 1883:7 1884:16 1886:17 1829:13 1842:22 1874:3 pcbs permanent 1892:7 1893:1,16,23 1891:23 1756:17,23 1757:13,16 1809:2,4 1810:12,21,22 1894:13 1895:2 1898:16,22 parenthetical 1758:7,12 1759:12 1760:19 1811:4,10,11,15 1899:15 1903:4,5 1904:8 1815:22 1817:4 1761:4,19 1763:12 1764:6 permissible 1905:3,10,14 1908:9 part 1765:4,10 1767:2,8,18,19 1785:11 1910:21 1911:9 1759:10 1767:17 1781:12 1768:5 1769:9,14,18 permit plaintiff's 1781:13 1782:2 1798:1 1770:8 1771:16,23 1772:5 1785:13 1891:3 1896:10,12 1843:12,15 1844:22 1772:9,12,16 1774:8,15 permitted plan 1849:14 1850:1 1856:4 1777:3 1778:7,21,22 1793:21 1886:18 1775:16 1874:4 1879:22 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068506 [planning - proposed] planning portion precautions problem (cont.) 1803:17 1862:19 1898:18 1866:4 plans portions precedence problems 1786:4 1775:21 1825:13,16 1890:1 1913:23 1762:7 1833:12 1881:4 plant pose preceding 1901:4 1902:6 1905:14 1784:11,17 1785:2 1787:11 1886:9 1901:20 1812:4 1906:18 1913:13 1793:21 1795:13,14,23 posefsky precisely procedure 1814:12,22 1815:9 1830:23 1801:14 1776:1 1786:21 1831:4 1840:16 1842:23 position preliminary proceed 1843:3,6 1845:11 1846:1,3 1829:8 1915:6 1768:11 1856:22 1846:9 1859:12 1860:13 positive prepare process 1866:5,10 1867:1,4,9,11,23 1893:18 1894:3 1898:5 1781:18 1758:21 1772:22 1815:6 1868:5 1870:7 1874:20,23 1907:16,18 prepared 1876:2 1875:1 possibility 1782:1 1825:9 1832:14 processed plants 1756:22 1855:11 1834:21 1854:19 1792:3 1770:21,23 1874:18 possible presence prodelec plasticizer 1762:14,19 1763:2 1776:20 1777:16 1834:12 1847:10 1847:1,1 1776:10 1777:17 1781:17 1782:1,6 present produced plausibility 1809:7 1756:2,3 1776:21 1789:4 1788:20 1882:14 possibly 1790:14 1796:12 1823:17 producing play 1807:21 1895:7 1823:18 1859:18 1877:14 1835:3 1864:22 1855:23 potential 1892:1 1894:10,22 1895:3 product please 1811:18 1835:5 1883:14 1904:17,20 1908:17,21 1762:21,22 1778:18 1876:4 1764:22 1776:15 1797:13 1905:14 1910:12 1909:2,11 1910:23 1911:22 production plural potentially 1913:11 1788:18 1801:20 1836:23 1905:10 1774:7 1882:12 presently 1874:21 plus poultry 1889:21 1894:17 products 1908:13 1792:17,18,19,20,22 press 1760:12 1763:7 1776:7 point 1793:8,10 1806:13 1785:14,20 1780:9 1810:16 1835:3 1757:20 1758:10,17 pound prevent 1845:6,16 1846:15,18,19 1762:11 1768:18 1777:5 1770:6 1864:13 1869:11 1874:16 1778:21 1785:15 1799:7 pounds prevented proffer 1812:21 1814:10 1822:13 1769:13,13,23 1770:8 1807:12 1877:7 1823:10 1826:14 1853:6 1785:15 1858:12 1875:10 preventing proffered 1859:11 1863:13 1864:6 power 1807:12 1878:10 1865:17 1868:6 1871:21 1757:8 prevention profitable 1887:4 practice 1763:18 1863:9 points 1774:19 1815:11 previously program 1910:8 practices 1816:23 1850:5 1879:18 1758:22 1759:5 1768:20 poisoning 1774:5 primarily 1842:11 1866:21 1765:8 prater 1859:3 progress policy 1758:14 1767:23 1771:11 primary 1844:10 1766:13,16 1777:20 1784:14 1800:13 1777:18 prolonged pollution 1802:18 1808:1 1814:18 prior 1763:22 1775:16 1813:15 1816:6 1817:11 1819:8 1832:10 1857:19 proof 1832:6,13 1833:12 1835:21 1840:19 1841:7 1843:16 private 1893:3 1903:18 1908:13 1845:1 1855:12 1856:1,8,13 1842:1 proper polychlorinated 1876:17 1879:15 1880:22 probability 1788:15 1801:19 1783:2 1787:14 1805:20 1884:2,9 1885:3,13,16 1890:19 1891:9,11 properly 1807:4 1810:11,20 1869:20 1888:18 1889:13 1899:22 probably 1777:18 pond 1909:15,21 1910:9 1914:4 1835:15 1862:9 1864:6 property 1774:16 precaution 1891:20 1913:13 1915:8 1769:15 1888:5,7 1909:10 popular 1770:18 problem 1912:15,17 1841:18 precautionary 1773:2 1787:11 1833:17,19 proposed population 1763:13 1834:1,11,14 1835:4,21 1849:3 1849:7 1842:10 1845:1 1847:6 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068507 [proposing - referring] proposing 1759:2 protect 1829:9 protected 1771:1 prove 1892:9 proved 1897:16 1906:17 proven 1906:14 provide 1764:4 provided 1762:2 1785:12 1824:14 1893:2 1907:2 provides 1905:20 1906:22 providing 1906:9 prudent 1772:15 1774:13 public 1830:11,21 1841:17,23 1906:2 publically 1800:17 publications 1829:16 1830:1 public's 1829:17 1830:2 published 1778:16 pumpable 1875:14 purchase 1783:10 1912:17 purpose 1844:22 purposes 1764:10 1775:8 1790:18 1797:6 1801:8 1828:4 1832:3 1835:9 1839:14 1842:5 1844:8 1851:6 put 1763:7 1769:14 1775:22 1805:14 1825:14 1850:2 1862:6 1874:22 1875:6,21 1875:22 1876:12 putting 1773:23 1775:20 q quantity 1770:6 1870:6 queeny read (cont.) recipient 1846:8 1902:14 1828:9 quench reader recipients 1795:17 1850:18 1784:4 1813:18 1819:21 question reading recognition 1758:15,16 1767:19,23 1764:21 1825:15 1834:4 1816:7 1768:2 1773:16,21 1777:20 1885:22 recognize 1777:21 1778:2,6 1784:14 reads 1787:4 1789:22 1791:1 1800:13 1802:2,18 1803:2 1773:21 1858:9 1797:16 1804:5 1803:3 1808:1 1809:1,1,20 real recollection 1810:9 1811:23 1816:3 1789:5 1884:21 1910:12 1831:6 1849:18 1859:7 1817:11 1819:11 1823:22 1911:4,8 1861:20,21 1862:15 1867:7 1824:6,10,17 1832:10,17 reality recommendation 1832:20 1833:1 1834:2 1887:8 1830:18 1831:12,19 1838:7 1840:22 1855:13 really 1864:15,17,18 1865:1 1857:22 1876:22 1903:1 1804:12 1815:12 1839:10 recommendations 1906:21 1912:22 1850:17 1859:10,20 1870:2 1829:11 1864:13 questions 1913:11 recommended 1761:18 1809:9,15 1810:1 reason 1784:9 1829:15,22 1845:7 1810:3 1853:17 1881:10 1819:9 1857:1 1887:6 record 1885:4 1894:16 1843:4 1860:2 1912:5 quite reasonably recover 1765:9 1775:23 1795:19 1897:23 1762:11 1812:22 1861:10 1805:15 1886:16 reasons 1862:1 1863:6 1904:3 quotation 1794:11 1796:5 recoverable 1777:8 recall 1902:12 quoted 1757:3 1759:9 1760:14 recovered 1793:23 1762:17 1763:3 1765:22 1861:15 1876:3 r raab 180T14 rags 1876 10 rainfall 1840:11,17 randy 1787 10 rat 1806 9 rates 1789 3 rats 1850 11 reach 1850:21 reached 1785:9 1852:16 1915:3 reaches 1863:3 reaching 183022 read 1764:23 1773:20 1803:22 1816:23 1823:21 1838:22 1840:2 1841:7 1846:5 1851:13 1884:3 1886:1 1766:3 1779:15 1787:20 recovering 1791:3 1793:2,12 1800:21 1863:8 1804:8,15,22 1805:1,9 recovery 1829:20 1830:3,4 1831:3,8 1863:9 1831:11 1832:21 1836:10 recurrence 1843:19 1849:11,16 1864:13 1850:12,16,17 1852:6,10 recycled 1852:11 1853:21 1861:9,18 1876:3 1861:23 1864:3 1868:12,19 reduced 1869:2,13 1870:18 1873:10 1798:23 recalled reduction 1843:20 1798:12 receipt refer 1758:18,19 1906:21 1799:3 1812:10 1861:14 receive referee 1833:2 1886:13 received reference 1757:5 1760:21 1791:20,21 1759:11 1762:9 1800:20 1853:9 1884:7,9 1898:16 1846:23 1898:23 1899:2 1909:4 referred receiver 1763:11 1777:1,9 1791:16 1860:21 1794:4,15 1804:20 1805:3 receives 1817:4 1829:12 1853:18 1815:4 1864:7 receiving referring 1791:3 1815:8 1832:21 1763:17 1773:15,18 recess 1781:11 1782:2 1794:6 1877:11 1799:15 1800:16 1807:11 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068508 [referring - rockwell] referring (cont.) remain reproductive resumed (cont.) 1810:23 1811:2 1812:9,14 1853:17 1778:23 1779:17 1802:6,14 1818:12 1819:13 1825:20 1815:23 1822:9 1823:5,7 remainder reproductivity 1833:9 1841:4,9 1844:6 1826:10 1827:6,8,11 1861:16 1862:9 1779:9 1856:23 1833:18 1839:4 1841:23 remember request retention 1846:3,20 1854:7 1858:7 1762:8,20,23 1774:22 1830:13 1793:7 refers 1780:5 1787:7 1790:1 requested retired 1795:7 1798:10 1812:2 1791:20 1796:16,18 1783:8 1824:2 1864:18 1847:23 1858:17 1864:11 requests returned reflect 1866:13,17 1869:19 1855:19 1876:23 1893:15 1822:16 1826:17 1872:22 1874:14 1899:20 required reuse reflected 1905:23 1874:17 1861:15 1863:9 1806:17 1846:13 1864:15 remembered research revealed reflects 1889:15 1767:12 1776:6 1851:8 1830:11 1761:2 1815:18 1816:5 removal 1864:8 review 1818:7 1833:10 1835:1 1781:15,22 reserve 1760:4 1849:8 1836:6 1846:14 1851:22 renew 1878:4 reviewed 1860:10,16 1862:8 1833:5 reservoirs 1760:6 1791:5 1842:12 refresh repair 1761:5 reviewing 1859:6 1861:13,19 1773:1 residents 1764:21 refuse repeated 1764:4 1766:22 1767:7 reviews 1784:12,19 1785:3,13 1827:21 1837:14,18 1838:1 1771:20 1772:1,3 1788:5 1886:19 1896:15 repeating 1813:1 1814:15 1818:14,19 richard regarding 1827:16 1819:6 1820:22 1767:12 1768:23 1769:4 1760:22 1761:18 1767:14 report residue 1776:2,4 1777:3 1783:1 1821:17 1757:5 1786:3 1844:11,18 1798:4 richard's 1835:20 1847:10 1852:17 1850:8,17 1851:7,8,9 residues 1776:5,9 1865:22 1869:16 1861:2 1868:21 1904:12 1761:10,17 1798:22 richter regardless reported respect 1847:20,21 1816:3 1757:14 1806:6 1868:16 1910:11 riding related reporting response 1901:16 1783:16 1868:8 1869:16 1809:21 1856:19 1882:8 right relations reports responses 1767:21 1770:21 1778:1 1808:17 1778:16 1813:23 1844:18 1809:8 1810:6 1794:5 1795:5 1809:11 relationship 1849:9 responsible 1815:2,20 1816:9 1818:22 1758:12 1881:13 1882:9,11 represent 1760:11 1772:15 1774:20 1823:19 1831:10 1833:18 release 1784:23 1785:4 result 1834:15 1841:8 1842:18 1800:11,18 representative 1785:8 1788:17 1806:7,15 1845:2 1846:11 1847:16 released 1804:23 1873:16 1808:10 1811:7 1812:20 1863:23 1866:20 1868:1 1800:17 representatives 1850:23 1852:18 1863:16 1884:22 1887:2 1904:5 releases 1766:7 1854:9 1872:15 1893:11,15,18 1894:18 1907:20 1911:3 1915:14 1866:18 1873:12 resulted rise relevant represented 1759:4 1850:19 1890:4 1891:16 1912:20 1806:22 1870:20 resulting risk reliability representing 1772:22 1835:3 1888:22 1910:17,18 1838:2 1885:1,5 1786:17 results 1911:4 reliably represents 1790:11,12 1798:20 1822:2 risks 1899:8 1768:9 1822:5,12,15 1823:7 1901:20 relocated reproduce 1826:3,6,13,16 1827:8,10 river 1808:8 1777:18 1827:18 1837:4,19,21,22 1793:19,22 1794:3,6,8,12 relocation reproducibility 1838:2 1850:13 1852:7 1794:17,23 1795:3 1808:12 1836:17 1837:17 1857:10 1864:10 road rely reproduction resumed 1876:9 1903:2 1777:10 1778:9,13 1779:7 1756:9 1759:15 1768:22 rockwell relying 1851:10 1771:13 1778:20 1784:22 1773:11 1878:14 1882:17 1801:6 1803:1 1814:23 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068509 [roder - sir] roder says (cont.) sensitive shortcoming 1764:16 1811:18 1813:22 1815:3,13 1806:22 1830:10 1857:4 room 1827:15 1836:21 1838:11 sent shovel 1872:15 1893:12 1838:19,23 1851:8 1853:13 1786:5,10,11,13,15 1810:7 1862:17 rose 1854:16,16 1859:2 1860:19 1820:7 1864:5,7 1876:5 show 1891:5 1882:15 1892:15 1900:6 sentence 1759:16 1790:11 1797:20 rough 1902:11 1907:8 1761:7 1763:17 1765:6,14 1798:3,12,21 1859:21 1768:10 1775:14 scanned 1768:2 1780:8 1799:6 showed roughly 1767:16 1797:15 1808:21 1807:1 1815:3,13 1817:1 1793:3 1822:3 1826:4 1857:8 1828:16 1822:18 1823:6 1826:19 1845:4 1868:2 roush science 1827:7,14 1833:19 1853:12 shown 1764:15,15 1765:7 1853:5 1791:10 1873:9 1899:9 1858:9 1778:8,22 1779:16,16 1853:6,13 scientific September 1790:12 1802:5 ruling 1854:18 1886:7 1912:19 1767:13 1773:14 1841:10 shows 1878:4 1909:23 scm 1874:5 1798:2 run 1835:17,17 serious shrimp 1844:2 scrap 1757:20 1758:10 1812:4,9 1779:22,23 1806:21 s safe 1868:3 1901:10 safety 1761:10,16 sale 1874:16 sales 1759:12 1766:8 sample 182020 samples 1756:18 1760:20 1820:1,2 1820:6,12,23 1821:3 1834:13 1854:1 1863:21 18642 1866 13 15 18675 1867:10,21 1868:1 sampling 186622 18678 samplings 18669 sand 1862'11 santowax 1859:4 satisfactory 1853:16 1854:6 sauget 1770:16 1874:23 1839:5 screw 1792:4 sealed 1876:12 second 1765:6,13,14 1775:7,11 1781:4 1782:14 1787:23 1788:8 1790:4 1793:13 1798:10 1805:18 1813:21 1838:7 1844:15 1858:8 1864:19 1865:5 1871:20 1874:2 secondly 1822:19 1826:20 section 1776:17 1798:10 1799:7 1833:19 1846:23 sediment 1774:16 1820:3,13,17 1821:3 seeing 1757:14 1868:19 1869:13 1889:16 1914:15 seek 1880:2 seen 1776:12 1804:1 1825:12 1829:4 1881:23 segregated 1812:14 1813:2 1881:10 1807:15 1885:3 shut seriously 1867:12,15,20 1759:3 shutdown service 1874:18 1813:4 sick session 1765:20 1799:14,23 1882:7 1756:5 1900:7,10 1904:9,16 set side 1775:10,11,11 1870:5,10 1825:1,9,12 1870:12 1874:5,9 sign sets 1783:8,14 1775:10 1838:3 signed seven 1781:8 1782:15 1813:12 1835:11 1846:6 silos 1851:5 1858:12 1757:17 seventeen similar 1772:8 1798:6 1894:12 1777:12 1798:15 1871:1,3 seventy similarly 1842:6 1844:10 1798:12 severe simple 1890:5 1891:6 1898:1 1891:16 sewer simply 1845:23 1860:13 1862:2,10 1886:4,10 1896:23 1907:12 1865:13 single sewered 1893:22 1815:5 sir sewers 1765:16 1770:14 1771:5,8 1862:17 1771:14 1772:12 1782:4 share 1785:23 1787:5 1789:23 184621 1848 3 sawdust 1876:10 saying 1899:1 1900:19 1907:22 1906:12,20 1774:9 self 1907:16 send 1907:23 senior 1839:19 1766:16,18 1830:5 1841:16 1867:2 shared 1761:19 1768:15 1841:21 1883:11 shelled 1837:9 1790:2 1797:13 1801:21 1802:9,17 1803:20 1812:1 1815:21 1816:3,10,17,22 1817:13 1822:11 1826:12 1830:3 1833:14 1856:14 1865:10 1866:1,2,6 1885:13 1889:14 1902:15 1765:7 1776:20 1780:9 1781:17 1785:8 1802:9 sense ship 1787:16 1844:14 1886:22 1873:19 1906:15,19 1912:13 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068510 [sit - summary] sit sorry (cont.) 1825:4 1913:17 site sort 1795:20 1845:12,13 1761:9,16 1775:5 sites source 1845:17,18 1873:20 1868:2 1884:17 situation sources 1792:21 1829:17 1830:2 1859:2 1831:15 1854:20 1855:16 south 1900:4 1803:17 situations speak 1862:5 1796:10 1814:6,7 1859:10 six 1866:21 1802:2 1808:14 1838:6,9 speaking 1838:10 1850:6 1870:1 sixteen special 1880:7 1894:12 1895:1 1782:22 sixty species 1773:18 1821:14 1828:6 1779:15 1788:1 1795:1 1832:2 1835:11 1839:16 1802:7 1806:22 1822:20 skin 1826:21 1797:1 specific smaller 1762:20 1796:19 1804:19 1859:4 1805:2 1831:2 1870:6 smith 1872:14 1904:1,4,6 1824:14 1848:7,8 specifically snow 1773:15 1798:20 1799:20 1781:12,14,21 1782:6 1827:10 1839:3 1863:16 1814:2,5,9,17 1815:3,7,15 1874:3 1815:16,19 1816:8,16 specifics 1817:3,5,16 1818:11,15,21 1796:17 1800:22 1819:1,7 1821:1 1831:1 specified 1843:3,21 1863:12,21,23 1781:15 soil spewed 1790:6,14 1841:17 1795:16 sold spill 1792:17,18 1860:7,23 1863:17,22 solid spilled 1875:15 1915:18 1861:17 1863:11 1865:12 solidified sponsored 1875:18 1779:4 solids sprayed 1875:17,19 1757:9 soluble St 1849:23 1835:22 1846:11 1874:22 solution staff 1842:15 1914:18 1808:16 1831:16 somebody stamp 1782:9,10 1787:21 1902:22 1775:9 son standard 1913:20 1801:19 1870:13 1871:13 sorry 1893:20 1765:14 1791:21 1801:10 standards 1811:20,20 1812:23 1854:18 1819:19 1842:11 1852:20 standpoint 1854:13 1871:18 1875:4 1881:18 start studies 1883:2 1802:5,12 1806:5,9,11,12 started 1806:14,18 1821:18 1822:3 1783:11 1815:12 1823:8 1826:4 1827:9 starting 1836:13,17,21 1837:12,13 1766:6 1768:6 1769:3 1837:17 1841:17 1848:7,11 1859:16 1868:13 1848:22 1849:2 1854:2,3 state 1854:17 1882:15 1899:11 1786:18 1787:23 1788:9 1899:12 1805:19 1807:2 1831:14 study 1837:11 1889:8 1901:13 1760:22,23 1771:19 stated 1778:15 1779:4,21 1790:5 1833:6 1839:4 1894:7 1802:23 1821:23 1826:1 statement 1831:15 1844:19,22 1845:4 1796:19 1843:16 1847:4 1850:14,23 1851:10 statements 1851:16,23 1852:8,18 1763:13 1829:16,23 1873:7 1830:21 stuff states 1774:1 1796:23 1888:2,3 1757:19 1761:7 1781:12,14 subcellular 1781:21 1784:9,13 1786:3 1895:8 1787:9 1791:9 1793:16 subject 1794:7 1798:1,19 1799:2,7 1760:18 1764:17 1767:14 1799:20 1800:7,7 1803:3 1855:6 1860:7 1809:1 1810:10,19 1821:20 subjects 1822:19 1823:2 1825:21 1872:18 1826:20 1827:3 1833:14,15 submission 1834:6 1843:2 1896:3 1885:8 1897:20 submitted stating 1893:14 1898:11 1868:20 1898:17 subparagraph station 1784:6 1786:2 1813:4 subsequently status 1778:3 1821:17 1836:12 sued stays 1890:16 1850:2 suffer step 1898:1 1903:11 sufficient stewart 1892:18 1823:9 suggest str 1816:10 1824:15 1873:1 1832:8,8 1886:6 straight suit 1772:17 1784:10 strategy summaried 1767:17 1896:22 stream summarize 1772:22 1774:7 1794:8 1900:1 1816:11 summary strictly 1786:3,9,11 1832:6,12,15 1870:1 1832:22 1833:10 1834:22 struck 1835:1 1846:13 1851:7 1795:6 1854:13,14 1858:8 1889:2 struggle 1896:8,23 1912:7 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068511 [summer - told] summer tank testified thomas 1759:8 1873:1 1866:20 1884:11,14 1887:21 1890:11,12,17,18 1891:7 supervisor target testify 1891:21,22 1808:16 1861:5 1898:4 1870:6 1880:15,19 1881:2 1885:2 thought 1907:13 tars 1885:6 1899:8,16 1904:8 1769:8 1782:11,13 1825:7 supply 1876:8 1914:21,22 1915:1,9,10 1846:21 1889:15 1783:1 1849:3 task testimony thoughts supporting 1872:17 1873:2 1773:9 1774:23 1793:17 1758:12 1768:11,14 1794:22,23 technical 1879:1,20 1880:3 1884:6 1888:12 1889:9 1890:2 supposed 1831:17 1894:15 1895:9 1905:4 thousands 1834:3 1856:5 technology 1911:20 1913:14 1886:13 supposedly 1839:8,11 1857:15 1866:22 tests threat 1873:16 1867:1,3,17 1873:10 1837:17 1838:1,3 1847:11 1886:9 1887:22 supreme television text three 1891:1 1884:5 1781:20 1798:16 1756:18 1781:5,7 1782:18 sure tell thank 1784:1 1785:15 1786:2 1816:23 1824:22 1847:22 1757:21 1763:21 1766:4,13 1770:4 1797:16 1820:11 1793:22 1799:4 1801:9,11 1863:18 1873:15 1766:13,21 1767:6 1772:3 1842:3 1871:7 1872:2 1811:21 1825:2,5 1829:15 surface 1775:22 1799:21 1813:1,5 theory 1844:10 1854:14 1860:20 1840:5 1814:15 1818:13,19 1881:11 1861:14 1878:20 1895:15 surgical 1820:21 1872:4 1915:12 thereabouts 1901:18 1907:21 1896:15 telling 1759:8 1769:21 1841:3,6 threshold suspected 1758:6 1819:3 1840:3,8 1874:15 1880:4 1777:12 1844:3 1850:18,18 1851:17 thin time sustained 1903:5 1905:13 1909:22 1837:9 1758:10,17 1761:13 1910:6,8 1911:13 1915:7 thing 1762:17 1764:22 1767:11 suttkus tells 1774:17 1823:20 1854:15 1768:15,19 1777:5,14 1797:19 1798:10 1800:7 1772:10 1888:19 1900:18,20 1905:6 1778:21 1791:5 1795:20 Swedish temperature 1905:16 1906:20 1806:3 1807:18 1809:5 1760:20 1803:5 things 1816:21 1825:17 1827:19 swelling temperatures 1763:20 1777:3,13,15 1830:6,15 1839:6 1853:6 1793:6,7 1789:5 1813:7 1829:14 1849:1 1859:11 1863:13 1864:6 symptom ten 1910:2 1911:16,17 1865:11,17 1868:6,13 1812:3 1823:13,14 1835:15 think 1873:11 1875:22 1877:5,15 symptoms 1846:22 1852:3 1758:1 1759:23 1765:12 1878:8 1882:10,11 1913:4 1792:23 1793:3 1895:3 tend 1769:11 1777:23 1795:3 times system 1795:3 1800:19 1818:22 1819:5 1844:1 1791:23 1792:1,9 1797:21 term 1847:19 1867:16 1875:12 timing 1849:19 1843:21 1878:11 1881:19 1887:10 1833:20 systemic terminals 1889:4,7 1890:12 1891:19 tired 1762:14 1763:2 1767:3,9 1791:14,16,18 1893:2 1895:20,22 1899:4 1905:7 systems termination 1899:16 1902:6,9,13,16 tissue 1771:1 1759:12 1903:14,16,23 1907:20 1846:16 t terms taken 1820:1,5,6 1823:16 1868:1 talk 1762:1,13 1797:1 1910:15 talked 1766:10 1807:16 1882:2 1883:10 1884:12,15 1891:8 talking 1789:7 1795:2,10 1806:8 1863:16 1869:12 1886:14 1888:22 1890:23 1892:21 1914:3 1769:13 1807:20 terphenyls 1859:14 1869:6 terrified 1904:10 test 1798:11 1806:7 1822:6,15 1826:7,16 1836:16 1849:6 1850:2 1852:23 1854:3,17 1893:13 1894:3 tested 1849:4 1907:17 1908:8 1910:1 1911:12 tissues 1912:8,11,21 1849:21 thinking title 1794:20 1776:5 1804:16 1873:11 third today 1829:13 1853:15 1871:13 1892:2 thirteen 1913:18 1853:3 tokyo thirty 1842:9 1759:16 1764:3 1770:5 told 1773:8 1775:7 1790:7,8,13 1771:6 1819:5 1831:11 1856:2,5,12,14 1848:20 1861:6 1885:7 1898:2 1899:14 1907:14 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068512 [tolerated - watch] tolerated 1870:7 top 1773:17 1790:4 1846:8 1866:20 tort 1890:7 1896:10 1898:10 1906:10 1907:4 total 1799:23 1858:3,10 touch 1890:1 toxic 1764:18 1765:3 1767:2,8 1788:18,19 1811:18 toxicity 1821:22 1822:4 1825:23 1826:5 1836:16 1837:16 1842:22 1850:10,22 1851:10 1852:17 toxicological 1821:18 toxicologist 1900:21 toxicology 1854:18 traced 1757:15 trademark 1810:15 transferred 1866:23 transported 1807:6 1808:4 traversed 1792:8 treated 1770:17 1818:18 treating 1791:23 trial 1880:5 trickle 1863:2 tried 1881:7 1886:5 1915:12 trouble 1762:19 trough 1792:6,12 troughs 1792:5 true 1763:1 1782:4,16 1857:16 1894:11 1906:14 truth 1911:9 truthful 1906:23 try 1823:13 1879:17 trying 1805:16 1811:3 1875:5 1896:20 tuesday 1877:12 1879:23 tuned 1848:23 turkey 1846:16 turn 1776:15 1792:18 1873:23 1874:17 1876:12 twenty 1856:2,11,13 1858:12 type 1774:17 1792:2 1801:22 1805:9 1809:3 1810:2 1830:9 1849:9 1851:2 1864:14 1865:9 1869:1,2 1894:3 1902:5 types 1788:19 1820:1 1822:8 1826:9 1871:4 typewritten 1834:7 typical 1845:5 1846:14 u u.s. 1874:18 uh 1764:7,7 1846:7 ultimate 1842:15 ultimately 1912:10 unconfirmed 1777:5 undergoing 1857:13 underground 1840:6 underneath 1865:7 understand 1766:12 1795:22 1805:15 1812:19 1834:2 1875:6 1878:6 1879:21 1887:19 1904:22 1909:15,21 understanding vast 1794:13 1834:8 1855:1,3 1875:18,20 understood ventilation 1788:22 1793:19 1811:5 1771:1 1848:2 versus undertake 1773:11 1801:22 1889:18 1802:12 1890:17 undertaken viability 1790:5 1844:19 1844:4 undertaking video 1782:22 1756:9 1759:15 1768:22 undesirable 1771:13 1778:20 1784:22 1818:9 1801:6 1803:1 1814:23 undue 1818:12 1819:13 1825:9,20 1787:12,18 1833:9 1841:4,9 1844:6 unfortunately 1855:22 1856:23 1876:16 1915:2 videos unit 1825:11,14 1792:14 1858:15 1867:12 viland 1867:14,15,20 1874:13 1789:19 1839:19 units violation 1871:22 1784:18 1785:2 1801:18 unnamed visit 1843:23 1828:17,22 unreactive visited 1850:3 1787:10 unrecoverable visual 1839:5 1799:21 unusable vivid 1788:9 1831:6 unwilling voir 1890:23 1891:2,14 1887:11 1914:10 usda w 1846:16 use 1757:21 1758:7 1768:16 1787:13,19 1816:19 1817:8 1817:9,15 1843:20 1859:16 1876:7 useful 1876:8 uses 1759:13 1874:17 wade 1794:10 1796:4,20 want 1774:18 1794:10 1796:4,20 1800:8,10 1861:19 1881:16 1901:2,6,7,9 1912:4 1914:9 1914:21,22 1915:11 wanted 1782:5 1812:5 warning V 1763:6 vague warnings 1890:21 1891:12 1762:1,6,13,18 1771:15 value Washington 1876:4 1793:18 vanderzeal waste 1889:18 1774:6 1807:4,12 1808:3 vapor 1815:4,8 1816:1,13 1764:17 1765:3 1871:8 1818:18 1859:8 vapors wastes 1763:22 1870:14 1843:6 variations watch 1822:20 1826:21 1825:4 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068513 [watched - zero] watched white (cont.) 1914:5 1906:15,19 1907:19 watching 1911:11 1914:2 1825:17 widmark water 1833:22 1757:23 1758:9 1793:4,7 wild 1794:15 1803:8 1807:5,13 1777:10,16 1778:9,12 1808:3 1815:4,8 1816:11 1807:22 1816:13 1817:21 1818:10 wildlife 1818:18 1819:4 1820:2,12 1802:7 1820:17,23 1828:19,20 wish 1840:6,10,16 1843:4,11 1825:13 1868:9,22 1869:18 withdrawing waters 1878:15,17,19 1795:17 withdrawn watershed 1878:8 1830:23 withhold waterway 1865:21 1818:2 witness ways 1871:18,22 1911:15 1862:16 witnesses wear 1910:11 1915:4 1771:4 wood weed 1759:20 1760:7,8 1841:12 1757:10 woodall week 1895:16 1896:1 1897:19 1870:17 1879:16 woodall's weekend 1907:6 1877:13 1888:15 1913:10 word 1913:16 1760:16,16 1798:15,15 weighing 1811:4 1816:19,22 1817:9 1835:2 1817:9 1859:12 weight wording 1812:13 1763:10 weights words 1812:11 1831:2 1838:22 went work 1825:1 1862:4 1786:4 1823:23 1824:13 westinghouse 1833:22 1912:2 1808:17 1809:11 1810:15 worked 1810:17 1839:20 1847:11 1848:15 we've worker 1843:6 1866:19 wheeler workers 1760:15 1767:13 1776:2 1770:20,23 1809:18,19 1810:3,6,23 working 1812:6,6,8 1821:15 1760:9 1786:21 1870:16 1822:23 1823:5 1827:1,6 1888:14,16 1827:15 1848:13 worldwide wheeler's 1833:17,23 1834:10,13 1760:17 1835:4 white worried 1784:9,23 1785:10 1806:9 1887:6 1899:4 1911:8 1836:23 1851:11,18,20 worry 1852:13 1901:12 1902:9,15 1887:15 1903:14,23 1904:22 1905:2 worse 1868:5 wound 1856:6 wrestle 1913:3,9 wright 1813:14 1816:6 1828:18 1848:1 1860:3 1861:4 1863:4 1864:12 wright's 1816:18 1817:15 writing 1787:7 1790:1 1804:8,10 1896:2 written 1764:14,14 1784:2 1786:5 1809:10 1819:18,19 1885:9 1885:12 wrong 1760:1 1794:5 1800:2 wrote 1804:2,14 1806:3 y y'all 1877:12 1913:7,10 1914:11 1914:16,17,20,22 1915:11 191515 1760:3 1812:18 1817:8 1831:21 1848:17 1851:1,22 1855:10 1911:6 1769:23 1770:6 1824:11,16 1844:1 1850:9 1867:17 years 1769:21 1790:7,9,13 18435 1914:16 young 1779:23 yusho 1765:11,18,20 1766:5,14 1766:23 1872:5,12 z zero 1785:15 1857:18 2002_01_18 Trial Transcript in ABERNATHY Page 01756 WATER PCB-SD0000068514