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778 CHAPTER 30 1957 Guide be no interference with the movement of air throughout its entire path from the high velocity nozzles to the front of the theater. The ceiling should be smooth, without projecting beams or obstructing ornamentation. For large theaters, relatively high velocities can be used. These will work satisfac torily if adjustable outlets are used to avoid areas of local turbulence. In small or medium size theaters, it is sometimes practicable to use side Wall or front wall distribution. For the satisfactory operation of such a A. Rear Wall. High outlet velocity, satisfactory if properly designed; possibility of excessive air motion and drafts if used for wrong application. B. Front Wail. High outlet velocity, results same as A. C. Front and Rear WcdU. Moderate room air motion, outlet blowB should not impinge giving rise to downdrafts in center. D. Center. Moderate air motion, no impingement of air streams. Good results. E. One Side. Moderate room air motion; should blow toward exposed wall. Good results. F. Ceiling. Low room air motion. Good results. Outlets should be selected of sufficient size to allow for blocking when not located in perfect squares. system during the winter heating period, the returns should preferably be located at the floor level and near the front of the theater to prevent cold spots resulting from exposed wall convection or infiltration from exits. For multi-room buildings diagrams shown in Fig 16 illustrate distribution methods for small rooms with exposed wall, such as offices, hotel (guest) rooms, hospital (patients) rooms, apartments, etc. For a small store the cooling performance of various distribution methods is illustrated in Fig. 17. REFERENCES 1 Ventilation Jets in Room Air Distribution, by H. B. Nottage. Originally sub mitted as a Ph.D. thesis to Case Institute of Technology. (3 volumes) Loan copies available from ASHAE Research Laboratobt. (a) Volume I: Data and interpretations of tests for ventilation jets discharging horizontally into a large confining space. 131 pages + 67 fig. + 9 tables. (b) Volume II: Appendix A. Survey of the literature on the problems of ventila tion jets and the related fundamentals of turbulent flow. 499 pages incl. hgsand tables. (c) Volume III: Appendixes B to H. General features of the experimental installa tions, instrumentation, and operations, boundary-layer theory and woraenergy treatment. (142 pages incl. figures). * ASHVE Reseabch Report, No. 1476--Air Velocities in Ventilating Jets, by G. L. Tuve (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 59, 1953, p. 261). * Air Flow at Discharge of Fan-Pipe Lines in Mines, by G. E. McElroy (U. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations R. I. 3730. November 1943, p. 19.) Air Distribution 779 < ASHVE Research Report No. 1404--Comparative Study of Ventilating Jets from Various Types of Outlets, by Alfred Koestel, Philip Hermann, and G. L. Tuve (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 56, 1950, p. 459):: ` Throw of Air from Slots and Jets, by R. D..Madison and W. R. Elliot (ASHVE Journal Section, Heating, Piping & Air Conditioning, November 1946, p. 108). `ASHVE Research Report No. 1328--The Discharge of Air from a Long Slot, by Alfred Koestel and G. L. Tuve (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 54, 1948, p. 87). 7 ASHVE Research Report,-No. 1429--The Control of Air Streams from a Long Slot, by Alfred Koestel and C. Y. Young (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 57, 1951, p. 407). , ASHVE Research Report No. 1366--Air Streams from Perforated Panels, by' Alfred Koestel, Philip Hermann, and G. L. Tuve (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 55, 1949, p. 283). ASHVE Research Report, No. 1443--Isothermal Ventilation--Jet Funda mentals, by H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby and W. P. Gojsza (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 58, 1952, p. 107). " Entrainment in Ventilating Jets, unpublished paper (Case Institute of Tech nology). 11 Computation Charts and Theory for Rectangular and Circular Jets, by Harold G. Elrod, Jr. (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 60,1954, p. 431). 11 ASHVE Research Report No. 1155--The Performance of Stack Heads, by D. W. Nelson, D. H. Krans and A. F. Tuthill (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 46,1940, p. 205). .u ASHVE Research Report No. 1206--Performance of Stack Heads Equipped with Grilles, by D. W. Nelson, D. H. Lamb and G. E. Smedberg (ASHVE Transac tions, Vol. 48, 1942, p. 279). "ASHVE Research Report No. 1226--Performance of Side Outlets on Hori zontal Ducts, by D. W. Nelson and G. E. Smedberg (ASHVE Transactions, Vol: 49, 1943, p. 58). BIBLIOGRAPHY A ole: Many theoretical papers on air jets have been published which--though Highly interesting and even fascinating to the specialist--are of little value to the practicing engineer. This guide to the literature on air distribution is, therefore, purposely restricted to papers resulting from research sponsored by The American society of Heating and Air-Conditioning Engineers and other papers of interest to engineers which are easily accessible to them. For an excellent survey of the entire literature the reader is referred to Reference 1. ASHAE Research Laboratoiy Ticw ^ IkaeArch in Air Distribution and Air Duct Friction, by Cyril Tasker. (ASHVE Journal Src- ASh"1*1 P'pinS & Air Conditioning, April 1948, p. 126). The RnsRARcH Report--Ventilation Jetu in Air Distribution, by H. B. Nottage (See Reference 1). Win8 papers based on this report Have been published: H R v}? Repobt No. 1360--Turbulence--A Fundamental Frontier in Air Distribution, by * ASHV**6 (ASHVE Tbansactions, Vol. 1949, p. 193). (ASHVf ? Reseabch Repobt No. 1402--A Simple Heated-Thermocouple Anemometer, by H. B. Nottage \ShvRAN8ACTION8 Vo1` 56*195* p- 431)` G. Slahtr ^ Repobt No. 1443--Isothermal Ventilation-Jet Fundamentals, by H. B. Nottage, J* \SHVf W* P' Goisza (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 58, 1952, p. 107). W. p GouL^/Repobt No. 1441--A V-Wire Direction Probe, by H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby. and ASHVF (ASHVE Tbansactions, Vol. 58, 1952, p. 79). Flow, by H R E\?AKCH Repobt No. 1458--Outlet Turbulence Intensity as a Factor in Isothermal-Jet ASHVF B Nottage, J. G. Slaby, and W. P. Gojsza (ASHVE Tbansactions, Vol. 58, 1952, p. 343). Room Air D^S-kAB^h ^bbobt No. 1461--A Smoke-Filament Technique for- Experimental Research in 1952, p. 3ggj ^nbution, by H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby, and W. P. Gojsza (ASHVE Tbansactions, Vol. 58, Repobt No. 1459--Exploration of a Chilled Jet, by H. B. Nottage, J. G. Slaby, and W. (ASHVE Tbansactions, Vol. 58, 1952, p. 357). . SHAE Cooperative Research at Case Institute of Technology ashvf r _ L. j Repobt No. 1140--The Use of Air Velocity Meters, by G. L. Tuve, D. K. Wright. Jr. ASHVE <aSHVE Tbansactions, VoL 45, 1939, p. 645). &r>d Grille- ?eeatECh Repobt No. 1162--Air Flow, Measurements at Intake and Discharge Openings by G. L. Tuve and D. K. Wright, Jr. (ASHVE Tbansactions, Vol. 46, 1940, p. 313).