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Monsanto Chemicals
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AROCLORS
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AS USED TO EXTEND OR SUBSTITUTE CARNAUBA WAX
Monsanto Technical Bulletin-No. P-132
Monsanto Chemical Company* St. Louis 4, Mo.
.
__________________ March 18, 1949
I 197)
MONSANTO TRADE UTFW TURE
^654
Selected blends of AROCLORS*, chlorinated biphenyl and
chlorinated polyphenyls, are attractive extenders or sub stitutes for camauba wax in the manufacture of polishes
This bulletin gives several practical formulas using
Aroolors in wax blends possessing the qualities of car-
nauba wax for automobile, wood, leather and linoleum
polishes.
.
Registered in U. S. Patent Office
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I INTRODUCTION
The AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, when properly blended possess the unusual qualities required to satisfac torily extend or substitute catnauba vax. Moreover, the extension' of carnauba wax with blended Aroclors constitutes not only a saving or this unique and versatile wax, which has become scarcer in supply, but it also offers an attractive saving in cost.
Particularly in England, considerable work has been done to replace carnauba wax with blends of other waxes and Aroclors. Much of the following information about the use of Aroclors for thiB. purpose is taken from the publication "Carnauba Wax Substitutes" by 0. V!. Wood (Kaxvaxa Limited), presented in the Manufacturing ChemiBt and Manu facturing Perfumer, March 1948, Volume XIX.
The physical properties of Aroclors are given In Monsanto's Technical
Bulletin Ko. P-U5, "The Aroclors."
'
'IX.
PROPERTIES OP PURE CARNAUBA WAX
Pure oamauba wax has the following characteristics:
Specific gravity . . "........................O.99 at 15C. Melting point .... ...................... 84.1-91"C. Acid value . ... ......................... 2.0-7.0
Sap. value . . . . ;............................. 78.4-88.3 ag. KOH
Although there are several grades of commercial carnauba wax, in general
the following properties are typical: .
'
.......- .
...... .v ;
.. V
` r
Specific gravitjr'v ;v V'Z's&y. 0.978 at 15*C.
Acid value . . .' .
'7.8 '
Sap. value '
87.O'
Iodine value ................................ . . . 9.956
Alcohols
v'. ....
. . 49.22*
Melting point of alcohols . . . 81 <}.''
Acetyl value ....................... .... . . . 122
Hydrocarbons . . . . ............................Nil
These properties indicate to the experienced wax blender that the .
preparation of a worthwhile substitute for carnauba requires the use of unique materials in order to conform with the qualities of the natural wax.
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m.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CARNAUBA WAX SUBSTITUTE
The principal requirements of a good carnauba wax substitute are:-
.Hardness or penetration value should be at least equal
to that of the na tural wax. . ' 'Ky. '
.
' Texture should be homogeneous, preferably non-erystalllne
and somewhat brittle.
'
Melting point should be similar to the natural wax and the setting point should not be more than about 6C. below this point, otherwise protracted cooling phenomena will be experienced.
Performance. Especially with respect to physical appear
ance and performance, the substituted wax composition
must possess the working characteristics-'fcf the natural
wax with reference to J;he particular end use application
of the substitute.
.
IV. PREPARATION OF CARNAUBA WAX
. ' SUBSTITUTES :
The early work done both In America and lr. Europe to prepare carnauba . , wax substitutes was based largely on blending materials such as paraf- . fin wax,.ceresln, colophony, montan wax, beeswax, candelilla wax, ozo- . kerlte and shellac wax to arrive f.t a blend possessing properties slmilar to carnauba wax. Like the case of carnauba wax, several of these -- naturally occurring substitute materials have increased in price and have become scarce. Also, with the use of naturally occurring waxes there has always been the problem of maintaining uniform quality. These factors led to the recent Interest In Aroclors as extenders or substitutes for carnauba wax. A number of suggested blends and the characteristics are given In the following table.
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TABLE X.
\ COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP AROCLOR-VAX BLENDS
' Parts by 75 . No, Composition WeightColor
Softening Melting
Texture
PointPoint
Aroclor 1268 5.0
Aroelor' 1242 2.5
(1) Carnauba wax 2.5
Ceresin
20.0
Paraffin
70.0 '
Light cream
Smooth, hard non-t;aolcy
58*C.
67.5C.
Aroclor 1268 10.0
Aroclor 1242 5.0
(2) Carnauba wax 5-0
Ceresin
20.0 `
Paraffin
60.0
Pale
Similar to
yellow,
above
white
60C.
78'C.
Aroolor 1268 10.6
Aroclor 1242 4.9
(3) Carnauba wax 6.8
Ceresin
19-6 '
Paraffin
49.0
Pale
Similar to
yellow above
77C. ' -
79 C.
Aroclor 1268 30.0
Aroelor 1242 5.0
(4) Carnauba wax 10.0
Ceresin.
20.0
Paraffin
Vi.O
Pale yellow
Smooth, hard, slightly
brittle
78*C.
78*C.
Aroelor 1268
Aroclor 1242
(5) -.Carnauba wax 'Ceresin . Paraffin
35.0
5.0 30.0 20.0 10.0
Pale Slight surfaoe v79*C*nr. 86*C. cream crystallinity
Aroclor 1268 35-0
Aroclor 1242 5.0
6) Carnauba wax 40.0
Ceresin
20.0
' Cream
Similar to above
8l*C.
86.5C.
Aroclor 1268 35^0
Aroclor 1242 5.0
7) Carnauba wax 50.0
Ceresin
10.0
Cream
Smooth; carnau- 80.5*C. 88 *C. ba ringed surface
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It should-be noted that a liquid on plasticizer-type Aroclor such as Aroclor 12*12 is used in combination with the resinous-type Aro- . elor 1268. This is done to enhance the compatibility of the resinous type Aroclors with the wax and to increase solubility of the blend in inexpensive solvents such as mineral spirits. Mixtures of Aroclors 1251* and 5460 are also suggested for preparing the wax blends.
A good commercial natural brown grade of eeresin wax is Incorporated
for binding and absorption of all surplus liquid in the wax blend.
The standard white commercial grade of paraffin wax, meltiogpolnt
135""l40F., Is used largely as a filler. The type of carnauba wax
used In preparing the blends is prime yellow with a melting point of
84.5c. .
,
*
All of these compositions possess excellent molding properties and
would be entirely suitable for the manufacture of molded products.
Mixtures Mo. 5 6 and 7 can be especially recommended for this pur
pose or for electrical insulation work.
Mixture No. 4 Is excellent for u.se In polishes.
. V. TYPICAL FORMULAE OF POLISHES
The following are typical formulae for a household polish and a car polish! -
Household Polish
:'
Composition
Parts by weight
Composition No. 4 (Table I) . Natural ozokerite ,, ......
Paraffin,^hard ... . . . . Mineral spirits.;,.. .
1 3
26 ,70
.Characteristics. This is a smooth/ soft paste possessing very good polishing properties on wood and linoleum.
Car Polish ,,,
.Composition
.
Parts by weight ,.
Composition No. 4 (Table I) . Candelllla wax . ...... Natural ozokerite Mineral spirits .
15 2
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.Characteristics. This. Is a smooth paste, possessing good polishing vproperties on all automobile paints and on leather upholstery.
VI. AROCLOR-WAX BLENDS WITHOUT
'
\ CARNAUBA WAX
Ouricury wax is less expensive than camauba, generally much harder, with a melting point of 89-95C. and has equally good lusterproducing properties. The drawbacks of ouricury wax are Inorganic impurities, chiefly admixed silica, and its darkWeolor usually ranging from light chocolate brown to "very dark brown.
The following .formulation illustrates the replacement of carnauba
with a purified commercial grade, medium brown ouricury wax pos
sessing a melting point of 89C., acid value 11.0 And saponifica
tion value of 86.1:
.
' Composition
Parts by weight
. Aroclor 5460 ....... 30
Aroclor 1242 .. . ...
5
Ouricury wax ....................
30
Ceresin.......................
20
Paraffin ..,,^ .....
15`
Characteristics:
'.
Color --
Light buff.
Texture --
Very smooth, hard
Softening Point -- 60C.
Melting Point -- 78.5C.
The following car polish was made according to this formula:
Car Polish (OuricuryV
Composition
Parts by weight
Wax blend (as prepared above) . 8
Natural ozokerite
. '.-v: . 2
Paraffin, hard . . . . . ... 10
Aroclor 1242 .. . . . . . . . . '5*
Mineral spirits
.*V 75*
*Di6eolved with agitation before adding to the molten waxes.
(It is noteworthy that aluminum stearate should not be-used In this
composition.) .
.
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Charac terla 11c s;
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The color of thlB composition is a light
. brownish-tan similar to polishes made from
' fatty gray carnauba wax. It has good pol . Ishlng properties on all types of surfaces.
VII.
TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT
THE USE OF AROCLORS
.
In the manufacture of wax compositions containing Aroelors, precau
tions should be taken to avoid breathing the vapors from hot Aro-
clors. In this connection, the atmosphere of the workroom should
be vented by the use of a suitable exhaust fan in line with ordinary
and goodfaetory operating practice.
When Aroelors are used at normal temperatures, usually only normal precautions relative to the handling of chemicals or ordinary clean
liness concerning commercial plant practice are followed.
With reference to the normal end use of polishes containing Aroelors as suggested in~the formulations given in thl3 bulletin, it is not expected that the Aroelors would present-* problem of toxicity to.
humans. This is based on the following information reported by,,a reliable source:
It was determined by the skin patch test procedure given by Dr. Louis Schwartz and Dr. Samuel H. Peck in Reprint No. 2552 from the Publlo Health Reports, Vol. 59, No. 17 (April 28, 19^4) that cotton fabric coated with Aroclor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin In such a manner that each square inch of fabric contained 10.5 mg. of Aroclor 5460, waB neither a skin irritant nor a senBitlzer.
.Also, results of standard skin patch tests showed that Arotflor 1254
is neither a.skin irritant nor a sensitizer. . . .
.
VIII. GENERAL COMMENTS
1. 'The use of a selected mixture of Aroelors permits the exten-. sion or substitution of carnauba wax to a substantial amount without detracting from the desired characteristics of the finished polishing wax formulation..^This is accomplished at an.attractive saving in cost.
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2. Using a selected mixture of Aroclors and ourieury wax, it is possible to completely eliminate carnauba wax.
3. Polishing compositions of this type are excellent for use on practically all wood, leather, paint and linoleum surfaces.
V
. * .
The information contained"in this bulletin is to our best know
ledge true and accurate', but all recommendations <y suggestions
ere made without guarantee, since the conditions of use are be
yond our control, Monsanto Chemical Company disclaims any lia
bility incurred in connection with the use of these data or
suggestions.
.
. .,
Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a
recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing patents covering any material or;its use. '
MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY St, Louis 4, Mo.
New York-Chicago-Boston-Birmlngham-Charlotte-Clnclnnati-Cleveland Detrolt-Phlladelphla-Los Angeles-San Franclsco-Montreal
P0B/mag-2M
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